STATION 62
Bryan Esparza | ADE 521 | Hartman
PROGRAM ANALYSIS
The design of Fire Station 62 involved the diligent examination of a station’s programmatic functions in order to address challenges and opportunities. Visiting two fire stations on a class filed trip and conducting a case study on another, revealed relationships not initially apparant within the program requirements like lifestyles, preferences, and strong community engagement.
SQ. FOOTAGE
0 25
50
25
50 APPARATUS BAY 8,891 SQ FT
EMS Storage Closet Exterior Storage Decontamination Sink/ Eye Wash SCBA Bottle/Hose Storage Exterior Generator Electrical IDC Closet Turnouts Storage Room Mezzanine Storage
Apparatus Bay SLEEPING QUARTERS 1,645 SQ FT
LIVING QUARTERS 4,592 SQ FT
The sq. footage is broken down into dimensions that consider its use and eventually 3D characteristics. Functional areas and rooms both color-coded in relation to proximity to apparatus bay.
Captain’s Dormitory Dormitories Men’s Bathroom Women’s Bathroom Bathroom Storage Day Room/ Break Room Kitchen Pantry Dining Captain’s Office Watch Room/ Station Office Public Entry Vestibule Public Lobby Publice Restroom Training Room/ EOC/ Community Electrical Radio/ Communications Room Inside Storage/ Laundry /Room Fitness/ Exercise Room Library/ Study Covered Outdoor Patio Alternate Response Personnel Office Janitor’s Closet Mechanical
PROGRAM MASSING
Simple Massing with embedded room height and color-coding.
ADJACENCY
Initial spatial organization attempting to incorporate numerous programmatic relationships.
INITIAL LAYOUT
Initial layout resulting from manuevering real-life 3D printed massings.
CASE STUDY: SITE PLAN + CONCEPT
LOCATION OF BUILDING RESPONDS TO MULTIPLE CONSTRAINTS AND EXISTING DRIVEWAYS ARE POSITIONED TO LIMIT THE LENGTH OF ROADS
64,702 SQ FT
EMERGENCY ACCESS PUBLIC ACCESS
This Charleroi case study was pivotal for understanding how certain site constraints could be turned into opportunities
THE ROUND FORM COMES AS A MEANS TO AVOID CROSSING IN/OUTFLOWS AND SO NO MANOEUVRE IS PERFORMED IN OR OUTSIDE THE GREAT HALL
DRILL TOWER IS PLACED IN NORTH TO PREVENT SMOKE DRIFTING TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE MAIN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE IS ADDED
SEVEN PATIOS WITH WATER POOLS ALLOW EFFICIENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVE HYGRO-THERMAL COMFORTAS WELL AS PROVIDE DAYLIGHT
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
Site 62 which is located at the south-western base of South Mountain is immersed in a wildly natural landscape. The site is adjacent to a publicly owned state park and boasts stunning views of the mountain range directly north of it and of the sierra estrella mountains south of it. Due to these hyperlocal factors among an overarching green building design focus, an extreme sensibility to the natural environment seems appropriate.
OVERVIEW DUST TO DUST In alignment with the natural order, a focus on life cycle assessment which includes raw material acquisition, materials manufacture, production, use/reuse/maintenance, and waste management. The aim should be “cradle-to-cradle” not “cradle-to-grave” EMBODIED ENERGY In order to advance our research in sustainable building materials and methods we can begin looking at the embodied energy as a criteria towards possible solutions. Some general goals, are a reduction in uses of cement and steel. Therefore, I will explore rammed earth, low-cement or cement-substituted concretes, and mass timber. CODES While exploring options, it is important to keep in mind the required restrictions for fire station projects.
Rammed Earth, Sanboa Art Center
Contruction type: IIIA or IV Fire-resistance ratings: 1 hr or 2 hr
(exterior bearing walls)
Thermal resistance: R-Values Cost: $$$
Mass Timber, OKanagan College Center of Excellence
CONSIDERATIONS GLOBAL WARMING Making cement results in hight levels of CO2output. Cement production ranks third in producer of anthropogenic CO2 in the world after transport and energy generation. Cement production accounts for 4-5% of worldwide total CO2 emissions. Of the total CO2output, 30% derives from the use of energy and 70% results from decarbonation Concrete uses typically uses 11% portland cement by weight, whereas rammed earth uses 3-4%. Cement amounts can be reduced with substitutes like fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (ggbs), silica fume, and limestone fines. CARBON SEQUESTRATION Construction industry is responsible for 40-50% of CO2 emissions.
NET CARBON EMISSIONS
PROCESS EMISSIONS LESS CARBON STORED
Wood sequesters CO2 at a rate of 1-1.2 tons/m3 of wood.
FRAMING LUMBER
Wood is the only material that remove carbon form the atmosphere for the lifetime of its usage.
CLT MASONRY
Exposure to natural elements, such as wood, is known to have a positive impact on human well-being.
STEEL (RECYCLED) PORTLAND CEMENT STEEL (VIRGIN)
-2
-1
0
1 KG CO2E/KG
2
3
MASS TIMBER CLT AND GLULAM CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER It is an engineered wood panel Typically consists of 3, 5, or 7 layers of dimension lumber oriented at right angles to one another Well suited for floors, walls, and roofs GLUE-LAMINATED TIMBER It is composed of individual wood laminations They are specifically selected and positioned based on their performance characteristics, and then bonded Can be used as a beam or as a column
CLT
GLULAM
SPECIFICATIONS Compressive strength: 4,873 psi (grade m e8) R-value: R30 (24” thickness) Erosion resistance: capable of absorbing and releasing Vapour drive barrier: can be added PROS Easily prefabricated Light and easy to handle on site Low embodied energy and sequesters carbon CONS Glues tend to have high environmental impact Design issues need determining ahead of fabrication Possible shortage of construction expertise
Inner Lining Services Void Vapour Barrier Laminated Panel Insulation B/t Joists Sheathing Ventilated Cavity Horizontal Weatherboarding
SITE ANALYSIS
Upon examination of the site, we discovered South Mountain to be an alluvial fan, a geographic characteristic signaling the possibility of heavier rain conditions, speciďŹ cally in the monsoon season. Other main site characteristics are the neighborhood and parking to the East, the plentitude of heavily used trials that can be accessed from the site, and a wash that runs through the eastern side of the site.
SOUTH MOUNTAIN Gi la
n Con
Gila
Gi
la
Gila
Bursera
550 Bursera
ra Burse
500 450
400
2100 W CHANDLER BLVD, PHOENIX, AZ
Trail Lines Site Lines Run off Lines Topography Lines Bike Lanes Wash Parking
Bursera Gila Connector Site Lines Bike Lanes Wash Pedestrian Walkway Parking
Burs
era
ecto
r
SATELLITE
0
50
100
200
N
KEY MOMENTS NORTH
N. EAST
EAST
SOUTH
INSPIRATION “In the presence of nature, a wild delight runs through the man, in spite of real sorrows. Nature says, -- he is my creature, and maugre all his impertinent griefs, he shall be glad with me.” Ralph Waldo Emerson was extremely familiar with the peace nature could bestow on those whom could connect with it. Similarly, my site visit to the base of the southern side on South Mountain was pleasantly filled with encountered moments of stilling serenity, like the sense of graceful resiliency I felt from this rock and these plants. While many other aspects like programming, response time, privacy, and community outreach were also key design-drivers, because firefighters deal with life-threatening situations and often times witness traumatic scenes throughout their careers, I felt the responsibility to integrate moments of repose within my design for Fire Station 62. Ultimately, the hope is that they too will be able to enjoy the beauty of nature and carry with them an enduring tranquility.
DESIGN
BIRDS EYE VIEW
SITE PLAN + HYDROLOGY
1ST FLOOR
1. APPARATUS BAY 2. TURNOUT + DECON 3. OFFICES 4. LIBRARY 5. PUBLIC VESTIBULE 6. KITCHEN 7. DINING 8. DAY ROOM 9. GYM 10. COMMUNITY 11. PATIO 12. ZEN SPACE 13. LAUNDRY 14. BATHROOMS 15. MECH. + JANITOR 16. ELEC. + COMM. 17. EXT. STORAGE
RESPITE
UP UP
17
5
1 2
16 3
6
14 7
8
15 9
4
11
13
10
12
2ND FLOOR AND MEZZ
1. ROOMS 2. BATHROOMS 3. STORAGE, MECH, + ELEC. 1
3
2
STRUCTURAL GRID
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
23
1
2
3
4
22
1ST FLOOR MEZZANINE 5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
2ND FLOOR
STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC
MEP AXON
2nd Floor: Sleeping + Bathrooms
Apparatus Bay + Decontaminaton
1st Floor: /LYLQJ 2IÆ“FHV SUPPLY AIR RETURN AIR AHU
RESPONSE
W-E CONTEXTUAL
WEST SIDE BOUNDARY
EAST SIDE BOUNDARY
TRAILHEAD PARKING
RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD
W-E ELEVATION + SECTION
Level 5 27' - 6"
Level 3 20' - 0"
Level 2 12' - 6"
Level 1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
W-E ELEVATION + SECTION
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
W-E SECTION
CLOSE-UP
S-N CONTEXTUAL
STREET LEVEL
SOUTH STREET EDGE
SOUTH SITE BOUNDARY
NORTH STREET EDGE
NORTH SITE BOUNDARY
S-N ELEVATION + SECTION
S-N SECTION
CLOSE UP
1ST ITERATION
This is my ďŹ rst set of drawings. It marks the beginning of my explorations into the buildings relationship with the site, primarily the wash to the East and the trailhead North of it.
Ground Floor
1/32”=1’
Second Floor
1/32”=1’
DRAWING BOARD
Raw, uncurated notes and calculations in chronological order.