1
This book is dedicated to;
every victim of street racing, every man, woman and child traveling the volatile streets of Kuwait, and a better and safer tomorrow.
.
And to my mother.
2
"Never ride faster than your guardian angel can fly."
- The only rule in street racing.
3
4
Contents Problem Definition Problem Definition Project Theme Precedents Precedents Introduction FIA BIC Modern Collosium Olympic Stadium Munich New National Library Singapore F1 Circuit Monaco Street Circuit Gymkhana Salem Al-Sabah 1/4 Mile Multi-Storey Parking Garage Site Allocation Introduction Site One Site Two Site Analysis Allocated Site Images Conceptual Analysis Functional/Area Programing Zoning Alternatives
Contents 7-13 9-11 12 13 15-35 16 17-19 20-25 26-27 28 29 30-31 32 33 34 35 37-45 38-39 40-41 42-45 47-54 48-54 57-65 58-61 62-65
5
Problem Definition
7
Problem Definition: Ever since man roamed the Earth, men have had a passion for going faster and faster. It began as a means to hunt faster prey and to bring food back to home they learnt to ride camels and horses to keep up with antelopes and impalas. And today from a very young age, children grow into a dangerous and impractical hobby obsessing about cars. The ancient and instinctive passion to go faster has evolved and is evident today in all the fields of automotive racing. In many parts of the world at the darkest hours of the night, young inexperienced drivers roam the streets in an underground world of life threatening street-racing activities. The world of automotive enthusiasm entails an underground world of undocumented culture, which embraces separate motorbike and sports car fanatic groups, and within each group there are many levels of diverse subcultures and activities that spread in many different directions. The streets are not designed for such functions and as a result of this, many lives were lost throughout the years during these illegal street-racing events. 9
Through personal experiences as a car and racing enthusiast I have seen and participated in many of these activities. And through my experiences I know that most drivers cannot maintain a sense of risk when engulfed in the race atmosphere. Not only do street-racers put their own lives at jeopardy, but also the lives of the audiences they attract and the many innocent bystanders that just happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. In international cases there have been many different approaches to solving this problem. But almost each and every one of them has failed in providing a solution that truly gives the users a street-racing atmosphere and as a result many of them disregard the legal places and head back to the adrenaline filled street-racing environment. After lightly researching international cases I found that officials in many countries attempt to provide an adequate solution to the problem but eventually give up and result to imposing hefty financial penalties, strongly enforced prison sentences, asset liquidation, temporary prohibition of the user’s driver’s license, automobile impoundment and in 10
some cases a judge may order the destruction of an automobile and permanently revoke a driver’s license, without any exceptions. Even in the absence of a racing track in Kuwait, the law enforcement agencies impose a strong force strictly dedicated to tackling the youth involved by means of ticketing, car impoundment and driver’s license revocation. Enthusiasts in Kuwait commence in these activities on the streets because there is no official location for monitored racing events to take place. The root of the problem lies in the absence of a location for automotive enthusiast to practice their passion. More over, enthusiasts all over the world in locations with fully equipped racing circuits still prefer to racing on the street. Many believe the attraction to street racing is as a result of the designed racetracks being “fake” and “unrealistic”. I believe this is a disciplinary/behavioral issue and is derived from the racetracks being designed in a non-critical manner and designed unrealistically in terms of a projected environment with a total atmosphere. They are designed in a way that they cannot be perceived as realistic. The problem lies in the perception of a racetrack and it’s commonality with the real world. Behavioral issues in the function of an environment can be controlled with an advanced design that caters to the perceptual factors at hand.
11
Project: The project for this proposal would be an architectural solution to the ethical, social and cultural dilemma at hand. These are the approaches the project take:
i. Designing a racing circuit tailored to the needs of street racers and also meets international design standards for a certified automotive racing track, ii. Designing a school dedicated to teaching the public about the dangers of speeding and providing the local society with a location for enhanced driving skill development, iii. Designing a renovation system that can be applied onto regularly used street-racing locations as an architectural technology that would create a safer environment for these activities to take place as well providing a developed means for local officials and law enforcement agencies to monitor and analyze the activities, iv. Providing a designed facility for audiences to safely observe the races.
12
The most important aspect on the design will be to create a track that cannot be perceived as a racetrack to a street racer.
Theme: For many of the drivers participating, the rush and thrill of the event is embedded in the illegality of the activity and as a result, the main factor that leads to failure in previous solutions is the disconnection of this activity from an everyday atmosphere. The isolation of the activity from a local environment alienates the drivers and only further enforces the thrill of performing in illegal environments. The ideal solution would have to entail a street-like atmosphere with almost little or no resemblance to a circuit-designlike environment. The restrictions, rules, regulations and barriers used in circuit racing are for safety measures and cannot be removed. However, through architectural design methods and aesthetics, a resultant design could form an atmosphere giving an accurate illusion of a street-racing environment without compromising any important safety or certification factors.
13
Precedents
15
Precedents Throughout the beginnings of my research I went about contacting international Racing Circuit accreditation and certification institutes and programs and found almost no help. I requested a set of rules, regulations, building codes or rough guidelines that these institutes require from the circuit designs to receive formal certification. However, they stated that due to liability and confidentiality agreements they would not provide me with any information on their rules and regulations or even rough industrial standards. In terms of architectural language and overall identity design, I have previously mentioned that almost all of the previous attempts at a solution to the social problem of street racing have failed and after researching them further I have noticed that the majority of the tracks are designed not by an architect or any form of planner and a lot of the times the tracks are des igned by amateurs that are professional racing enthusiasts. In Kuwait this issue was evident in the old Quarter Mile Drag Racing Track in South Surra, the track was designed by automotive enthusiasts and not by an architect or a professional with an education in professional design. 16
Federation Internationale de l›Automobile (FIA) There are a number of International Institutes that regulate motor-sports. The FIA is the main international body that accredits and certifies motor-sports and motor-sport circuit designs. They have a very strict and strongly imposed set of regulations that they enforce onto race events for the actual sport. However, the architectural guidelines they impose on circuit design and construction are very insubstantial and unconvincing, or for that matter, almost non-existent. The rough guidelines are as follows:
One. Racing Tracks must have an equal amount of left and right turns,
Two. The longest straights on any circuit should not exceed a length of more than 1km,
Three. Racing tracks must be designed in historically significant locations,
Four. As a rough guideline; Street circuits must be in a location with two of more historically significant landmarks.
17
The guidelines that the FIA imposes are purely functional and as a general rule, the pay greater attention to the safety of the drivers, passengers and audience than to the experience design in architectural factors. The FIA believes the importance and significance of a great racing experience is strongly infused and embedded within the safety of the event. It is evident that these guidelines are less of studied guiding principles and building codes and more that they are general assumed customs and traditions. The FIA also produces a number of safety systems and barriers that severely help in reducing crash related injuries.
Below is an image displaying the TecPro barrier followed by images of the barrier in testing.
18
The FIA also imposes the existence of a strong monitoring force throughout the circuit.
19
Bahrain International Grand Prix Circuit Clive Bowen of Apex Circuit Design, which is the prominent agency that currently designs FIA certified racing tracks, designed the BIC. Construction was completed in 2004 and the first event was held a few months afterwards. The track currently holds numerous international racing events by the FIA as well as other institutes and has hosted 24-hour Le Mans races. The circuit sees an annual number of visitors exceeding 300’000 people and during Formula One season sees visitation by at least 70’000 people for the three-five day period that the event is held.
20
The aspects that render the BIC as a good example are; 1. The BIC resides in Arabian Kingdom of Bahrain and features a natural environment very similar to the environment of Kuwait,
2. Culturally, the country is also very similar to Kuwaiti Culture,
3. The BIC took motor racing to another level with advanced professionally and architecturally designed buildings, 4. The Sakhir Tower also known as the Corporate Lounge, featured towards the end of the circuit overlooks the entire venue and facilitates VIP audience members; the Sakhir Tower is an interesting functional tower that was also architecturally designed.
21
Specifications of the BIC Grand Prix track: * Maximum uphill slope: 3.60% * Maximum downhill slope: 5.60% * Height between lowest and highest points on the circuit: 0 to 18m * 15 turns (9 right and 6 left) * Forecast lap time for a 2.4-litre Formula One car: 1min 31secs * Length of start/finish straight: 1090 m * Four straights o Pit straight - 1090 m o Straight 2 - 555m o Straight 3 - 680m o Straight 4 - 750m * Workforce: 3,000+ at peak time * Total man hours worked: 8,265,000hrs * Total Sub base for track: 272,648m2 * Total Asphalt base course: 60,000MT * Total Asphalt binding course: 30,000MT * Total Asphalt wearing course: 30,000MT * Total run-off area: 140,000m2 * Total grass carpet: 5,000m2 * Total Quantity of Concrete used: 70,000m3 * Total Steel: 8,500 MT * Total rock excavation: 968,459m3 * Total filling: 500,000m3 * Total length of tire barriers: 4,100m * Total number of tyres: 82,000 * Total guard rail: 12,000m * Total FIA safety fencing: 5,000m
22
The Bahrain racing circuit includes:
*An 8-storey VIP tower (Sakhir Tower) with Roof terrace, VIP suites, Restaurant and Administration Offices *A total seating capacity for 45,000 spectators * Main grandstand for 10,500 spectators and first class hospitality suites *47 VIP Hospitality Suites in the Main and Oasis Grandstands *State of the art Pit and Paddock complex for 11 Grand Prix teams, their cars, equipment and support staff. *Oasis Complex that includes 3,000 seat grandstand and a second pit building for support race and vehicle testing technical support *Race Control centre with the latest technology including a nerve centre with 41 remote controlled security cameras with zoom capability to enable Race Officials to monitor every aspect of the race track from a central point *A complete technical resource centre dedicated to Formula One scrutinizing and regulation control
*Dedicated buildings for international racing teams
18
*Administration and hospitality buildings *Medical Centre constructed and equipped to stringent FIA Medical Commission and International racing standards *Television Broadcast Centre for International and Regional broadcasters *Media Centre for 500 journalists with 260 television sets *Photographers› Centre for 120 International and Regional photographers *Under track pedestrian and vehicle tunnels *Vending area for merchandising *New dual carriage way road access from Manama to circuit *Parking facilities for 13,000 cars
23
Personnel: * 600 Race track Marshals * 750 TV technicians & commentators * 700 Cleaners, electricians and technicians * 97 Medical staff, 25 of which are doctors * 60 BIC administration * 700 Catering and Merchandising staff * 800 Security Staff * 1000 Policemen
Other facilities:
* A Technical Resource Centre dedicated to a Formula One Grand Prix or any other international race event, located on the start/finish straight.
* Main Grandstand with first class hospitality suites
* Dedicated support buildings for international racing teams
* Administration and hospitality buildings
24
* Multi-purpose second pit building with lounges and a grandstand for 6,000 spectators * A Medical Centre constructed and equipped to the defined International Standards * A Broadcast Centre for International and National media * A Media Centre with seating for 500 journalists * Under-track pedestrian and vehicle tunnels * VIP viewing tower * Vending area for merchandising * Helicopter landing facilities * Excellent transport infrastructure with road access and parking facilities
25
Modern Colosseum By Cepezed Architects The following text is copied from HTTP://WWW.ARCHICENTRAL.COM/MODERN-COLOSSEUM-BY-CEPEZEDARCHITECTS-21709/
The Netherlands-based Cepezed Architects were recently appointed by the offices of the Hague Capital of Culture to design a temporary theater. The city strives to be named the European Capital of Culture in 2018, so the architects have created a contemporary version of the Roman Colosseum to become an important icon for the area. Cepezed Architects’ design provides an opportunity to turn the competition in favor of the Hague for the European Capital of Culture title. The city will be competing against places such as Almere, Utrecht and Maastricht and all will be waiting anxiously to hear the final decision for the title announced in 2013. From the architects: ‘cepezed has developed plans for a large temporary theater on the Malieveld in The Hague, a large stretch of lawn measuring over 10 hectare and positioned right along the entrance of the city. The Hague strives to be European Capital of Culture in 2018. The theater should function as an important eye catcher and crowd puller during this year. The plans have been assigned by the offices of The Hague Capital of Culture 2018. Last Wednesday, this institution presented its report Entitled to Culture!, in which it 26
published its approach to obtain the much desired title. cepezeds theater fulfills an important role in this approach and is one of the most remarkable proposals. The theater has been designed as a contemporary version of the Colosseum in Rome, the best-known example of a Flavian amphitheater, and should be able to accommodate some 5.000 people. The construction is erected out of scaffolding. On the outside, it is covered with a stretched reproduction of famous artist M.C. Escher’s Metamorfosis. Inside, concerts, performances, exhibitions and fairs can take place. On International Day of Peace, singer Bono of Irish pop group U2 should be onstage.’
This example as a good example of the kind of innovative atmosphere required to produce a lively environment. The Colosseum was a place of entertainment, and a place for people to gather together. The track in Bahrain managed to create not just a race event for car enthusiasts but actually created an entire business and subculture revolving around the BIC. People all over the country prepare specifically for the racing events by creating small home made businesses. If the same aspects of this design are applied to a racing track design, a good environment can be created.
27
Olympic Stadium Munich Situated in Munich, Germany and designed and built for the 1972 Summer Olympics. The following text is taken from Wikipedia:
Designed by the German architect GĂźnther Behnisch and the engineer Frei Otto, the Olympiastadion was considered revolutionary for its time. This included large sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by steel cables that were used for the first time in a large scale. The idea was to imitate the Alps and to set a counterpart to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, held during the Nazi-Regime. The sweeping and transparent canopy was to symbolize the new, democratic and optimistic Germany.
The building’s deconstructive design and the hanging metallic canopy are of the two aspects that would compliment the theme of the project. The materials used in the canopy are lightweight metals that are strung together in a way that aesthetically looks very mechanical and similar to the aesthetics and exterior form of automotives. As an overall look, the buildings aesthetics are stunning and show potential for many other implementations.
28
Kazakhstan’s New National Library in Astana The exterior form and aesthetic qualities of Kazakhstan’s New National Library is intriguing and the first of its type. The architects that designed it employed a Möbius Strip form to its exterior shell and as a result the overall form has only one continuous surface. This gives the build a lightweight look, the kind of aesthetic form that would be appropriate for the theme of this project.
29
Singapore’s Street Circuit Clive Bowen, the managing director of Apex Circuit Design was commissioned in 2005 to design and construct a street circuit in the heart of Singapore. A Street Circuit was very popular in the past but according to new tougher regulations by the FIA, this type of circuit dropped in demand as they have been found to be more hazardous than specifically built racing circuits. However, the Monaco Street Circuit remained popular and as a result, many cities around the world have been looking for something similar to design for Formula One style events. Singapore’s Street Circuit was the first of many things in the field of Racing Circuits; 1. It was the first Street Circuit design for a country in the Asian Continent, 2. It was internationally the first ever night time Formula One race, 3. And it was the first racing track to require industrial sized lighting all around the racing circuit, as Formula One cars do not have headlights or break lights and as a result the streets had to be synthetically lit.
30
The races were held at night because of Singapore’s naturally high-temperature and high-humidity environment. Kuwait’s natural environment is similar to that of Singapore but I will propose a different approach than this one.
31
Circuit de Monaco (Monaco Street Circuit) The Monaco Street Circuit was the first of its kind and the circuit that majorly inspired revolution in the safety of automotive racing. It has seen the face of many tragedies and many deaths. As a result the safety systems involved in racing were deeply embedded into the city’s master plan during the design and construction process. Many parts of the city were renovated and reconstructed for the function of the Formula One race that would be held for one day, once a year. The entire process of installation of the major systems needed by the FIA during Formula One races take three full weeks to install and implement onto the city and another three full weeks to uninstall them after the end of the 3-day Formula One event. Monaco’s Street Circuit, also known as the Cote d’Azur shows a strong integration between high-density housing, a shopping area, hotels, a hot vacationing spot and a high-speed racing environment; all of which is done with safety completely taken into consideration.
32
Gymkhana (motor-sport) Gymkhana is a relatively fresh motor-sport that has recently become popular. It is comprised of a different set of rules and regulations that regular motor-sports and the focus of the sport lies in the drivers capacity to remember the countless number of details that go into the tracks. As it is a relatively new motor-sport, Gymkhana remains slightly exclusive to Japan, UK, USA and Canada and these countries the sport is held at junkyards, airport runways, inside buildings and parking garages, and at times, a combination of all of those spaces together. The Gymkhana Circuits are yet to be formally designed and are currently held in random locations.
33
Salem Al-Sabah South Surra Quarter Mile Drag Racing Track It was established and built in the late 1980s by a Kuwaiti Shaikh and a group of Kuwaiti automotive enthusiasts. The group used to gather in streets on the outskirts of Kuwait and after grabbing too much attention from local authorities they pushed to build a local racing track to suit their needs. A plot of land was allocated for that function on the Sixth Ring Road intersecting with the area near the King Fahad Expressway. Although the track was named a Quarter Mile Track, in reality what was constructed was an Eighth Mile Track but despite that, for close to twenty years the track functioned without problems. Unfortunately, during the 1990s people commenced to build their homes in the South Surra area, and due to the location of the track, the surrounding homes complained of the Thursday night noise that would continue until 10 PM. In the Summer of 2004, the Salem Al-Sabah Âź Mile Track was officially shutdown and no replacement has been built since.
34
Multi-Storey Parking Garage Parking Garages feature many ramps, tilting walls, many obstacles, and differentiation in heights and a slippery surface. These factors compiled with the sound of the engine and tire-screeching echoing off of the concrete walls are what make multi-storey parking garages popular places amongst drift racers.
35
Site Allocation
37
Site Allocation: Two possible sites were selected depending on the following factors: 1- Proximity from popular street racing nodes and streets, 2- Proximity from closest casualty hospitals, 3- 4- 5- 6- 7-
Proximity from major emergency services, Historical significance, Accessibility to general public, Proximity to major international Airports, Land Ports and Sea Ports, Proximity to Petrol Stations.
For street racers, the equation for a good location to practice illegal street racing is simple: No Police + Long stretches of unmonitored road + Close Proximity to residential areas for a safe getaway = The Perfect Road
38
But when it comes to identifying a good site for a legal street circuit and race, the typical standards are different, and as for any function, the most important factor that regulates the success of a project is it’s geographic location.
Map of Kuwait showing popular street racing locations, and nodes, as well as all constant police checkpoints, casualty hospitals, and the three proposed sites.
39
Site One – Heart of Kuwait City – Street Circuit The first site selected would be a pure street circuit in the heart of Kuwait City. Kuwait City’s major roads provide an appropriate urban design for a street circuit, the combinations of turns with the surrounding historically significant buildings as well as the city’s historical significance provide for an suitable platform for a successful racing circuit project.
Map showing the two locations for an internationally certifiable street racing circuits in Kuwait city.
40
According to the FIA’s international circuit certification requirements, a good project should coincide with at least two historically significant structures. In this map, there are more than two structures that are historically significant; 1. 2. 3. 4.
Liberation Tower, The Behbehani Al-Watia Houses, The Sheraton Round About, And Kuwait Municipality Head Quarters.
Other than the site residing with these different important functions, it is also within the most significant financial district of the country. This site would utilize the now unappreciated “green belt” area running parallel to the First Ring Road and also falls within the 7-minute radius of a casualty hospital and major emergency services if needed.
41
Site Two – Sabhan Industrial Area – Current Street-Racing Haven What differentiates Sabhan Industrial Area from the other sites is its current status. Sabhan is currently the prominent area in which street racers gather in to initiate in their activities. It is an area that operates strictly during sun-up and after sunset is almost completely deserted. After midnight, the area becomes a haven for underground street racing, thousands of cars gather every weekend to watch and participate in the highhorsepower races. It’s isolated location, which features multiple “getaway” routes, and its long stretch asphalt paved roads enabled it to become Kuwait’s racing capital. Powerful cars can easily reach speeds exceeding 300kph on Sabhan’s long asphalt stretches.
A Map of Sabhan showing the current most significant street racing location in Kuwait.
42
Local street racers know Sabhan as “the street-racing world”. It resides close to Kuwait International Airport and the newly constructed Aswaq Al-Qurain. Its long vast stretches of paved land give it’s users the ability to race their cars up to their top speeds and also gives them enough road to slow down safely afterwards. Historically, when drivers raced on the streets closer to Kuwait City in the 1980’s, police advised them to move further out into the outskirts of Kuwait into Sabhan for its safer and unpopulated long stretches so as to maintain the safety of common passersby. However, during the end of the 1990s after the Shaikh Salem Al-Sabah ¼ Mile Track was founded, police started to crack down on street racers in that area in police seize convoy. As a result, drivers are now forced to act irrationally in their actions by avoiding police, fleeing at the sight of their presence and in rare case invoking violence onto the law enforcers. Unfortunately after the legal quarter mile track was demolished there remains no new location for car enthusiasts to race their cars legally and as a result they still resort to street-racing to practice their hobby.
43
When questioning the locals on the significance of the location, many site its importance due to a sudden change of paving material in the middle of the road. Approximately 400m down the main road lays a large concrete paved area known to locals as “Sabat Al-Taskheen”, literally translated to “Warming Slab”. In standard ¼ Mile tracks, there is a small portion of concrete paved before the 400m stretch of road made for racecars to “warmup” their tires and small red dot in the center of the highlighted green area on the image above is where the “Warming slab” is located. Some site it’s existence to be of divine intervention. Geographically, the plot of land highlighted in green is directly adjacent to Kuwait International Airport and also features a petrol station.
44
The major factors that influenced the choice of this site are as follows;
1- Geographically located directly adjacent to Kuwait International Airport and resides relatively close to Mina Abdullah International Sea Port,
2- It is an area already infamous for it’s underground street-racing community and as a result there would not need to be a major shift in the street-racers natural activities,
3- It features a 24-Hour petrol station,
4- Traffic load on the area is very minimal during the night and very manageable during the day,
5- Although not within the typical 7-minute emergency services radius, the area still resided on a highway that is easily accessible and less than a few hundred meters between it and the edge of the 7-minute radius,
6- It’s ease of access to the public and its wide and accepting roads also make it the most efficient site for this project.
45
Site Analysis
47
48
49
Control Tower
Surrounding Buildings
Dancing Fountain
Discovery Mall
50
Burj Jassim
Ice-Skating Rink
51
52
Municipal Council
JW Marriot
Mosque Roundabout
Public Authority Scuplture
53
Al-Muthanna Complex
Sheraton Roundabout
Chart showing the motion of the sun throughout the day and year.
54
Conceptual Analysis
57
Functional Program The “Street-Racing” Circuit will include the following functional areas; •Auditorium and stands to seat 30’000+ visitors, it will include the necessary toiletries. •VIP Auditoriums to seat 500+ visitors, •Multiple Casualties/Emergency Services Including; •Medical Clinic, •Fire Brigade Transition Area, •Police Checkpoint, The Building on the Plot will include; •Pitting Area for Racecars, for at least 20 Racecars, •Administrative Complex for Kuwait Car Club, •An Entertainment facility Including; •Indoor driving simulator, •Outdoor/Indoor Full Sized Training Circuit, •High-performance driving school administrative facility, •Karting Experience, •Outdoor/Indoor Exhibition Area for Automotive Exhibitions.
58
59
Relationship Matrix What differentiates Sabhan Industrial Area from the other sites is its current status. Sabhan is currently the prominent area in which street racers gather in to initiate in their activities. It is an area that operates strictly during sun-up and after sunset is almost completely deserted. After midnight, the area becomes a haven for underground street racing, thousands of cars gather every weekend to watch and participate in the highhorsepower races. It’s isolated location, which features multiple “getaway” routes, and its long stretch asphalt paved roads enabled it to become Kuwait’s racing capital. Powerful cars can easily reach speeds exceeding 300kph on Sabhan’s long asphalt stretches.
Matrix showing functional relationships between allocated functions.
60
Bubble Relationship/Area Diagram Parking Garages feature many ramps, tilting walls, many obstacles, and differentiation in heights and a slippery surface. These factors compiled with the sound of the engine and tire-screeching echoing off of the concrete walls are what make multi-storey parking garages popular places amongst drift racers.
Bubble Diagram showing Relationships/ Proximity/Area of Allocated Functions.
61
Conceptual Site Area Zoning The zoning is split into two segments; 1. Major Racetrack and required functions, 2. Permanent Racetrack and required functions. The Major racetrack requires auditorium seating for 30’000 people. It will be dispersed accordingly around the street circuit at areas with the best space available and most excitement for racing enthusiasts viewing pleasure. It will also include adequate toiletries for the required number of visitors.
62
All Zoning alternatives were created based on; Area Program, Functional Relationship Matrix, Bubble Diagram and Physical Env i ron menta l Setbacks.
First Alternative According to the bubble diagram, the best location for the pitting lanes resides on the North-Western facade of the complex. The drag racing strip on the South-Eastern wing of the complex is placed their because of physical environmental setbacks.
View looking Towards SouthWestern Faรงade of Complex.
View Looking Towards South-Eastern Faรงade of Complex.
63
Second Alternative According to the bubble diagram, the best location for the pitting lanes resides on the North-Western facade of the complex. The drag racing strip on the South-Eastern wing of the complex is placed their because of physical environmental setbacks. The rest of the zoning was created accordingly.
View looking towards SouthWestern faรงade of Complex.
64
View looking towards NorthEastern faรงade of Complex.
Third Alternative This alternative is slightly different because the permanent racetrack are the boundaries of the proposed plot. The entertainment and racing circuit center reside on the boundaries of the racetrack and permanently overlook the racetrack.
View looking towards NorthEastern faรงade of Complex. View looking towards SouthWestern faรงade of Complex.
65
Architectural Languages To stay within the important aspect of the theme, the design will incorporate standard “street� architectural language. The track will integrate the different functions and will be dispersed at multiple levels. The most important factor of the design will be transparency in architectural forms.
66
67
68
2010