Consumption Junction

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BY *AMES 6OORHIES ;/, (9;0:;:

'UY $EBORD +OMAR -ELAMID .ICOLA ,ØPEZ !MY #HAN $AN 'RAHAM %STER 0ARTEGÌS 3COTT -ASSEY ,EARNING 'ROUP $ESIGNERS 4IM 2IETENBACH 4HE -ISS 2OCKAWAY !RMADA $ESIGN -ANAGEMENT !3

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4HERE IS CURRENTLY AN EXTRAORDINARY SURGE OF INTEREST IN THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

INTERTWINING GREEN CONSCIOUSNESS AND TERMINOLOGY WITH EVERY ASPECT OF MODERN LIFE 'LOBAL AND PERSONAL ISSUESˆTRANS PORTATION TECHNOLOGY WATER PAPER

ELECTRICITY CLOTHING FOOD HOUSING AND

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SANITATIONˆARE CAREFULLY SCRUTINIZED BY US BY OUR NEIGHBORS AND BY GOVERNMENTS AND ACTIVISTS 7ITH THIS RISING INTEREST IN PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT A MULTINA TIONAL CORPORATE RESPONSE HAS CREPT INTO THE CONSUMER MINDSCAPE TO OFFSETˆOR ASSUAGEˆANXIETIES OVER OUR GLOBAL IM PACTS 4HESE COMPANIES COMBINED WITH AN INCREASING NUMBER OF GREEN ORGANIZA TIONS LABELS AND CERTIlCATIONS HAVE CON TRIBUTED TO ECOLOGICALLY CONSCIOUS WAYS OF LIVING AND PUSHED THE ENVIRONMENT TO A PUBLIC FOREFRONT ! NEW LEXICON OF TERMS LIKE ECO FRIENDLY PREFAB ECO CHIC CAGE FREE HORMONE FREE BIO DIESEL CARBON OFFSETS BIO PLASTICS RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SUSTAINABLE DESIGN NATURAL

AND ORGANIC CHALLENGE CONSUMERS 4HEY WORK TO DElNE THESE REFERENCES AND DE TERMINE WHICH PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE

GENUINE AND WHICH ARE SIMPLY MARKETING STRATEGIES IMPLYING ENVIRONMENTALLY CON SCIOUS CONSUMPTION )T IS A ST CENTURY OXYMORONˆENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS CONSUMPTIONˆSINCE BUYING BUILDING

DRIVING EATING WASHING DRINKING USING

AND TOSSING AWAY ANYTHING HAS DETECTABLE REPERCUSSIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT )NDEED SINCE THE GREEN CAUSE HAS DOMINATED THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE IT HAS PRODUCED A MODERN ALMOST PARALYZING PREDICAMENT OF CONTEMPLATING HOW TO LIVE LIFE WITH THE LEAST AMOUNT OF HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT 4HE ONSLAUGHT OF INFORMA TION PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES INFORM BUT ALSO CONFUSE EVEN KNOWLEDGEABLE CONSUM ERS AS THEY SIFT THROUGH VARIOUS POSSIBLE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS TRIGGERED BY COMMON PURCHASES AND HABITS #URSORY RESEARCH RE VEALS HOW SIGNIlCANT DAMAGE TO THE ENVI RONMENT CAN BE FOUND IN WHAT WE ASSUME ARE HARMLESS ROUTINE ACTS AND MUNDANE OBJECTS 4AKE FOR INSTANCE CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM BURN ING COAL FOR ELECTRICITY TO CHECK EMAIL TOXIC CHEMICALS THAT SEEP INTO GROUND WATER FROM FERTILIZERS USED FOR GROWING THE COTTON IN OUR SHIRTS AND UNDERWEAR AND POLLUTANTS ASSOCIATED WITH PACKAGING AND FREIGHTING #ALIFORNIA STRAWBERRIES ALL THE WAY TO OUR BREAKFAST TABLEˆNOT TO MENTION COFFEE FROM 3OUTH !MERICA 4O MAKE IT MORE STAGGERING CONSIDER PLASTIC WATER BOTTLES THAT WILL NEVER BIO DEGRADE

WASTEFUL INCANDESCENT LIGHTS WE mIP ON AT NIGHT mUORESCENTS COME WITH THEIR OWN SET OF PROBLEMS FROM MERCURY RELEASED INTO GROUNDWATER DUE TO IMPROPER DIS POSAL AND THE EXTRAORDINARY NUMBER OF

/V^ KV `V\ SP]L HU LMMLJ[P]L LU]PYVUTLU[HSS` ZV\UK SPML&

TREES USED TO PRODUCE NEWSPAPERS WE READ EACH MORNING )N FACT AN ENTIRE 3UNDAY EDITION OF 4HE .EW 9ORK 4IMES TAKES ABOUT TREES TO PRODUCE !ND THE 4OYOTA 0RIUS MAY USE LESS GASOLINE AND PRODUCE LESS EMISSIONS COMPARED TO OTHER CARS BUT lFTY PERCENT OF ANY AUTOMOBILE S LIFETIME CARBON FOOTPRINT IS CREATED SIMPLY DURING ITS MANUFACTURE 3O WHEN YOU CAN T CHECK YOUR EMAIL PUT ON A SHIRT EAT FRUIT DRINK COF FEE GRAB A BOTTLE OF WATER TURN ON A LIGHT

READ THE PAPER OR EVEN PURCHASE AN EARTH FRIENDLY 4OYOTA WITHOUT CAUSING SOME KIND OF HARM TO THE PLANET HOW DO YOU LIVE AN EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND LIFE 4HIS UNPRECEDENTED CONSIDERATION OF OUR EFFECT ON GLOBAL ECOLOGIES ADDED TO THE ONGOING PARADE OF NEW ECO FRIENDLY PRODUCTS AND MATERIALS CREATES A CONUN DRUM THAT PUTS CONSCIOUS CONSUMERS IN FRUSTRATING PREDICAMENTS AND BRINGS NOVICE ENVIRONMENTAL DO GOODERS TO THEIR KNEES ) AM REMINDED OF *ONATHAN &RANZEN S ESSAY h-Y "IRD 0ROBLEMv IN 4HE .EW 9ORKER (E DESCRIBES THIS VERY DILEMMA CONFRONTED WITH ANALYZING THE IMPACT ON PLANET %ARTH THROUGH INlNITE CAUSE EFFECT SCENARIOS 4O WORRY ABOUT THE +LEENEXES AND PAPER TOWELS ) WAS WASTING AND THE WATER ) WAS LETTING RUN WHILE ) SHAVED AND THE SECTIONS OF THE 3UNDAY 4IMES ) WAS THROWING AWAY UNREAD AND THE POLLUTANTS ) WAS HELPING TO lLL THE SKY WITH EVERY TIME ) TOOK AN AIRPLANE CAME NATURALLY TO ME %VERY TIME ) WASHED OUT A PEANUT BUTTER JAR ) TRIED TO CALCULATE WHETHER LESS PETROLEUM MIGHT BE USED IN MANUFACTURING A NEW JAR THAN IN

HEATING THE DISHWATER AND TRANSPORTING THE OLD JAR TO A RECYCLING CENTER 4HE COMMON THREAD IN THESE SIT UATIONSˆ&RANZEN S PEANUT BUTTER JAR THE STRAWBERRIES THE COTTON SHIRT WATER BOTTLE

AND 0RIUSˆIS THE INSATIABLE CONSUMER AP PETITE THAT IDENTIlES CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 7E RE TOO RICH %GREGIOUS WASTE OVER IN DULGENCE AND AN EVERYTHING IS DISPOSABLE MENTALITY ARE PART OF A CONSTANT CYCLE OF OVER CONSUMPTION 4HAT SAID TODAY S ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM ISN T EXPRESSED THROUGH THE MARCHES HAPPENINGS OR EVENTS THAT DElNED S UNREST /UR ACTIVISM IS COMMUNICATED IN THE THINGS WE BUY AND HOW WE LIVE 7E ESSENTIALLY EXPRESS OUR SUPPORT FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT BY REIN VENTING EXCESS THROUGH A COLLECTIVE OF MASS CONSUMPTION OF ORGANICALLY CERTIlED AND SOCIALLY ACCEPTED GREEN PRODUCTS ACTIONS

AND SERVICES MEANT TO EASE OUR CONSCIENCE !CTIVISM THROUGH CONSUMERISM BECOMES THE UNCOMFORTABLE JUNCTURE AND UNFORTU NATE PARADOX IN WHICH WE NOW lND OUR SELVES 7E NEED TO SPEND LESS BUY LESS EAT LESS DRIVE LESS WASTE LESS DISPOSE LESS AND THINK MORE #ONSUMPTION *UNCTION SEEKS TO MAKE US THINK MORE ABOUT THESE ISSUES AND OTHER TOPICS RELATED TO THE GENERAL IMPACT HUMANS MAKE ON THE EARTH )T IS A NUDGE TOWARD DISCUSSIONSˆOR AT THE VERY LEAST POIGNANT REMINDERSˆABOUT UNKINDLY OR MERELY THOUGHTLESS ACTS AGAINST OUR ENVI RONMENT )T CERTAINLY DOESN T SEEK TO PRO VIDE CONCRETE SOLUTIONS TO THESE PERPLEX ING SITUATIONS BUT THE ARTISTS DESIGNERS

PERFORMERS WRITERS AND THINKERS IN THIS

(J[P]PZT [OYV\NO JVUZ\TLYPZT ILJVTLZ [OL \UJVTMVY[HISL Q\UJ[\YL HUK \UMVY[\UH[L WHYHKV_ PU ^OPJO ^L UV^ ÄUK V\YZLS]LZ

EXHIBITION ARE SENSITIVE TO CONCERNS OF THIS WORLDWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT AND ECOLOGICAL CRISIS 4HEY SHARE A CONCEPTUAL LANGUAGE THAT ADDRESSES A RANGE OF TOPICS FROM EXCESSIVE SPENDING POLLUTION AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ALTERNATIVE TRANS PORTATION SUBURBAN SPRAWL AND RECYCLING -ORE IMPORTANTLY THEY USE THAT LANGUAGE TO MAKE US CONTEMPLATE THESE ISSUES A LITTLE MORE DEEPLY &REQUENTLY BLURRING LINES BETWEEN ART AND CIVIC ACTION PARTICIPANTS FROM A WIDE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE EXPRESS CONCERN ABOUT CURRENT CONDITIONS OF CON SUMERIST ACTIVITY AND ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF MASS CONSUMPTION ENCOURAGING POSITIVE CHANGE THROUGH EDUCATION AND ACTION 3OME OF THEM DEMONSTRATE THAT GRASSROOTS EFFORTS CAN INDEED BE VIABLE SOLUTIONS FOR TACKLING GLOBAL CONCERNS WHILE OTHERS USE INNOVATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING TO RAISE AWARE NESS ABOUT CONSUMER WASTE BICYCLING

AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT TO PROVE THAT INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY INITIATIVES ARE INVALUABLE )N THIS EXHIBITION CONSCIOUS CONSUMERISM PUSHES ASIDE COLLECTIVE CONSUMPTION THROUGH INSIGHTFUL CULTURAL CRITICISMS AND WHIMSICAL IMAGINATIVE AL TERNATIVES SET SOMEWHERE BETWEEN REALITY AND lCTION 4HIS HEIGHTENED LEVEL OF COLLECTIVE CONSUMERISM lRST TOOK HOLD DURING THE #OLD 7AR AS 5NITED 3TATES AND %UROPEAN GOVERNMENTS ENCOURAGED ANTI COMMUNIST MODELS IN A NEW ERA OF THE INDEPENDENT CONSUMER %ARLY CRITICISM ABOUT A GROWING MASS CONSUMERISM BY THE &RENCH WRITER

lLMMAKER AND POLITICAL AGITATOR 'UY $EBORD IS THE HISTORICAL BENCHMARK FROM WHICH THIS EXHIBITION TAKES ITS CUE AND ITS

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POINT OF DEPARTURE )N $EBORD FOUND ED THE COLLECTIVE 3ITUATIONIST )NTERNATIONAL IN 0ARIS (E AND THE 3ITUATIONISTS BELIEVED THAT CONSUMERISM WAS INEXTRICABLY LINKED TO A DECLINING CULTURE MARKED BY COMMER CIALISM AND MATERIALISM AND AN INSATIABLE APPETITE FOR IMAGE STIMULATION (IS BOOK 4HE 3OCIETY OF THE 3PECTACLE IS A RANT AGAINST A CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY FUELED BY NEW TECHNOLOGIES MEDIA WAR ADVERTISING

AND GOVERNMENTS !CCORDING TO $EBORD

h4HE SPECTACLE IS NOT A COLLECTION OF IMAG ES RATHER IT IS A SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLE THAT IS MEDIATED BY IMAGES v 4HIS STATEMENT AND OTHERS FROM $EBORD S 4HE 3OCIETY OF THE 3PECTACLE ARE VISUALLY PRESENTED IN HIS lLM OF THE SAME TITLE -ADE ENTIRELY OF FOUND FOOTAGE WITH IMAGES $EBORD EXTRACTED FROM THEIR ORIGINAL CONTEXTS THE lLM EMPHASIZES THE ABSURDITY INHERENT IN ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION #HARGED WITH THEORETICAL CRITICISM ON THE DEGRADATION OF SOCIETY HIS ESSAY AND lLM ARE RETALIATIONS AGAINST MASS CONSUMERISM AND IMAGE CULTURE )N THE lLM WE HEAR $EBORD RAPIDLY RECITE THESES FROM HIS BOOK AND QUOTATIONS FROM -ARX

-ACHIAVELLI 4OCQUEVILLE #HATEAUBRIAND

AND 3HAKESPEARE TO CITE JUST A FEW OVER RAPID lRE CLIPS OF FACTORY WORKERS SUBMA RINES POLITICAL AND NEWS FOOTAGE MISSILES LAUNCHING FROM AIRCRAFT CARRIERS AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF BOMBS FALLING TO THE EARTH

MISSIONS INTO SPACE NUDE WOMEN SCENES OF LEISURE AND VACATION CONSTRUCTION OF MASSIVE CONCRETE BUILDINGS CITIES ON lRE

MINORITIES IN TURMOIL MODELS lXING THEIR HAIR LUXURY AUTOMOBILES COMING OFF AS SEMBLY LINES AND EXCHANGES ON THE STOCK

MARKET TRADING mOOR 3HORT SEQUENCES FROM CLASSIC lLMS SUCH AS "ATTLESHIP 0OTEMKIN

&OR 7HOM THE "ELL 4OLLS 2IO 'RANDE AND #ONlDENTIAL 2EPORT ARE ALSO USED ADDING TO THE CHAOTIC OVERDOSE OF CULTURE IMAGE )N ONE CLIP OF FASHION MODELS PARADING IN FRONT OF A CAMERA $EBORD TELLS US 5NDERSTOOD IN ITS TOTALITY THE SPECTACLE IS BOTH THE OUTCOME AND THE GOAL OF THE DOMINANT MODE OF PRODUCTION )T IS NOT SOMETHING ADDED TO THE REAL WORLDˆNOT A DECORATIVE ELEMENT SO TO SPEAK /N THE CONTRARY IT IS THE VERY HEART OF SOCIETY S REAL UNREALITY )N ALL ITS SPECIlC MANIFESTA TIONSˆNEWS OR PROPAGANDA ADVERTISING OR THE ACTUAL CONSUMPTION OF ENTERTAIN MENTˆTHE SPECTACLE EPITOMIZES THE PRE VAILING MODEL OF SOCIAL LIFE 4ODAY THE POWER AND THE INmU ENCE THAT THE MEDIA AND COMMERCIAL IN DUSTRIES WIELD OVER OUR CONSUMING HABITS HAVE COME TO FORM THE STANDARD SPECTACLE OF SOCIETY !DVERTISING AND TELEVISION SEDUCE THE PUBLIC BY MODELING IDEALS OF WHAT OUR LIVES SHOULD BE AND LOOK LIKE DETERMIN ING OUR NOTIONS OF ART FASHION DESIGN AND CULTURE 2ECENT GENERATIONS WERE RAISED ON AND HYPNOTIZED BY TELEVISION WATCHING 3ESAME 3TREET 4HE 0RICE IS 2IGHT EVENING SITCOMS $ALLAS ,OVE "OAT -46 AND AF TER SCHOOL SPECIALS 3CHOOLHOUSE 2OCK PAVED THE WAY FOR EDUCATION CUM ENTERTAIN MENT WITH ITS CATCHY PROGRAMMING LIKE #ONJUNCTION *UNCTION 4HOSE JINGLES CON TINUE TO RESONATE WITH US TODAY $EBORD S STATEMENTS OF ARE EVEN MORE RELEVANT IN OUR WORLD OF EASY ACCESS INFORMATION

:JOVVSOV\ZL 9VJR WH]LK [OL ^H` MVY LK\JH[PVU J\T LU[LY[HPUTLU[ ^P[O P[Z JH[JO` WYVNYHTTPUN SPRL *VUQ\UJ[PVU 1\UJ[PVU

AND CONSTANT STREAMS OF NEW ENTERTAIN MENT AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 9OU4UBE -Y3PACE AND THE I0HONE ADD TO TELEVISION S SPECTACULAR IMAGERY TO CREATE A SENSE OF hUNREALITYv AND AN IMAGINARY hMODEL OF SOCIAL LIFE v PROPELLING THIS CYCLE OF MASS CONSUMPTION TO NEW HEIGHTS ! DIFFERENT KIND OF MODEL OF LIFE IS THE SUBJECT OF +OMAR -ELAMID S PLAN FOR COLLABORATION WITH THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 4HE MYSTERIOUS GENETIC BASED BUILDING PRACTICES OF TERMITES AND BEAVERS ARE CENTRAL TO THE 2USSIAN DUO S COLLAGES !RCHITECTURAL &ANTASIES 4HIS PROJECT PROPOSED COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE ARTISTS AND BEAVERS AND TERMITES TO CREATE OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS THAT SOUGHTx xA SYMBOLIC DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE EX PRESSIVE ORGANIC FORMS OF BEAVER DAMS AND TERMITE TOWERS AND THE ELEMENTAL GEOMET RIC FORMS DISCOVERED BY ANCIENT CULTURES

PARTICULARLY THE %GYPTIANS AND ANCIENT 2VTHY 4LSHTPK (YJOP[LJ[\YHS -HU[HZPLZ JVTW\[LY WYPU[ JVSSHNL

MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ *VSSHIVYH[PVUZ ^P[O (UPTHSZ

'REEKS 4HROUGHOUT THE HISTORY ARTISTS AND THINKERS FROM 0LATO AND 0YTHAGORAS TO 'OETHE AND TO #ÏZANNE HAVE POSTULATED THE EXISTENCE OF CERTAIN IDEAL GEOMETRIC FORMS UNDERLYING THE APPARENT CHAOS OF THE VISUAL WORLD 7E BELIEVE THESE ES SENTIAL FORMS ALSO PATTERN THE REMARKABLE ORGANIC CREATIONS OF ANIMAL ARCHITECTS 4HIS APPROACH TO ART WILL BECOME A SYMBOL OF THE ECOLOGICAL CO EXISTENCE OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF LIFE DIFFERENT MINDS AND DIFFERENT CREATIVITIES /N ONE HAND THIS PROJECT EXAM INES BUILDING PRACTICES NATURALLY INHERENT IN BOTH HUMANS AND ANIMALS AND A RELIANCE ON BASIC GEOMETRIC FORMS FOR THEIR HOUSING /N THE OTHER HAND IT EMPHASIZES THE ECO LOGICAL EFlCIENCY OF BEAVERS AND TERMITES IN THEIR USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS AS WELL AS THEIR ABILITY TO INTEGRATE A BUILT ENVIRONMENT

(YJOP[LJ[\YHS -HU[HZPLZ

2VTHY 4LSHTPK MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ *VSSHIVYH[PVUZ ^P[O (UPTHSZ JVTW\[LY WYPU[ JVSSHNL

INTO THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE "EYOND THE ENORMOUS SIZE OF TERMITE TOWERS IN RELATION TO THE TINY INSECTS THE TOWER OR TERMITARY

IS A FASCINATING FEAT OF ENGINEERING AND A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN 4ERMITES USE LOCAL SOIL TO CREATE THICK WALLS THAT KEEP IN MOISTURE AND BLOCK OUT HEAT WHILE INTRI CATE SYSTEMS OF DUCTS CIRCULATE FRESH AIR THAT ENTERS THROUGH LITTLE VENTILATION HOLES ON THE SURFACE OF THE STRUCTURE 4HEIR INTAKE AND OUTTAKE SYSTEMS RELY COMPLETELY ON TEMPERATURE AND GRAVITY $IGGING AS FAR AS FEET INTO THE EARTH TERMITES lND UNDER GROUND SOURCES OF WATER TO COOL THE TOWER 7HILE TERMITES HAVE UNDENIABLY MASTERED SUSTAINABLE DESIGN BEAVERS BUILD VALUABLE ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURES THAT REDUCE EROSION

INCREASE BIODIVERSITY AND HELP DEVELOP NEW WETLANDS 4HE DAMS KEEP SPRINGS

RIVERS LAKES AND WILDLIFE IN BALANCE +OMAR -ELAMID S hANIMAL ARCHITECTSv REPRESENT IDEAL ECOLOGICAL AND AESTHETIC INTERSECTIONS OF THE BUILT AND NATURAL WORLDS 4HE CREATIVE FORCES THAT LIE BENEATH THEIR GENETIC MAKE UP ENCOURAGE A CRITICAL REVIEW OF OUR OWN APPROACH TO BUILDING WITH LOCAL MATERIALS AND PAR TICULAR ATTENTION TO THE NATURE AROUND US 2ECONSIDERING COSTLY IMPORTED MATERIALS AND DESIGNING ARCHITECTURE MORE SEAMLESS LY INTEGRATED INTO NATURE REDUCE DISORIENT ING TENSIONS OF THE MODERN ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE 4HE BEAVERS AND TERMITES HAVE IT lGURED OUT 3WIRLING DISORIENTATION DElNES ENVIRONMENTS IN WORKS BY .ICOLA ,ØPEZ

WHICH ARE INSPIRED BY THE VISUAL ASSAULTS AND FRICTIONAL ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY WITH WHICH WE ATTEMPT TO REC

ONCILE 3HE USES PRINTS DRAWINGS MIXED MEDIA AND INSTALLATIONS TO EXAMINE HAP HAZARD APPROACHES THAT HUMANS USE TO CREATE INCONGRUOUS INFRASTRUCTURES 4HESE WORKS PORTRAY CHAOTIC AND UNSTABLE TANGLES OF PIPES TELEVISIONS WIRES FREEWAYS

AIRPLANES AND COMMUNICATION DEVICES TO

5PJVSH 3}WLa 4VU\TLU[ 00 MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ 4VU\TLU[Z 4VU\TLU[ 0= MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ 4VU\TLU[Z PU[HNSPV WYPU[Z

5PJVSH 3}WLa >OP[L 5VPZL PUR NYHWOP[L VU WHWLY

CONJURE A SENSE OF FRAGILITY AN EDGE OF THE WORLD ON WHICH WE PRECARIOUSLY TEETER

OR ONE THAT HAS ALREADY FALLEN (ER PRINTS FROM THE SERIES -ONUMENTS ARE POST APOCALYPTIC SCENES SUGGESTIVE OF VERY RECENT COLLAPSEˆSMOKING AND REEKING OF SMOLDERING ELECTRICAL PARTS 2ECALLING *EAN ,UC 'ODARD S !LPHAVILLE WHEN A CITY IS CONTROLLED BY A SUPER COMPUTER

THESE SCENES ARE DEVOID OF PHYSICAL HUMAN AND NATURAL PRESENCE INHABITED BY ANTHRO POMORPHIC STACKS OF TELEVISIONS SATELLITE DISHES FREEWAYS AND COMMUNICATION WIRES THE ONLY THINGS THAT APPEAR TO STILL WORK OR BE ALIVE AS DUST SETTLES AND AN OTHER KIND OF CIVILIZATION DEVELOPS UNDER ANOTHER SET OF CONDITIONS

7HILE SOME OF HER PRINTS ARE MADE USING WOODBLOCK AND INTAGLIO TECHNIQUES PROCESSES SYNONYMOUS WITH INVISIBLE NETWORKS OF BURIED INFRASTRUCTURE BENEATH THE EARTH S SURFACE ,ØPEZ S MIXED MEDIA COLLAGES ARE MADE WITH -YLAR

PAPER PIGMENT AND GRAPHITE AND CONVEY FANTASTIC ARCHITECTONIC PERSPECTIVES EM PHASIZING MANUFACTURED ENVIRONMENTS AND HUMAN INTERFERENCE 4HIS KIND OF ILLU SORY PERSPECTIVE IN 7HITE .OISE FOR EXAMPLE THRUSTS THE IMAGE INTO THE REALM OF THE SPECTATOR FORCING US TO CONFRONT A CURIOUS ALMOST THREE DIMENSIONAL SPACE !N ABRUPT CUT OFF IN COMMUNICATION IS INFERRED BY THE TITLE AND IMAGERY WHILE AN AUSTERE BACKGROUND SUGGESTS A SENSE OF ISOLATION AND DISLOCATION !LL COM MUNICATIONS HAVE BEEN DISCONNECTED AND GADGETS ON WHICH WE HAVE COME TO RELY DO NOT SERVE US HERE $EBORD S SPECTACLE HAS EXPLODED OR IMPLODED AND REACHED ITS DEMISE IN ,ØPEZ S WORKS ENCOURAGING US TO EVALUATE OUR EXCESSIVE ACCUMULATION OF MATERIALS RELIANCE ON TECHNOLOGY AND ILL CONSIDERED URBAN AND SUBURBAN PLANNING 5NDER THESE LAYERS THERE IS A LANDSCAPE THAT AN ANIMAL KINGDOM DID ONCE INHABIT A HIDDEN HISTORY OF WHAT ONCE WAS 7HITE .OISE IS A KIND OF 7ELLSIAN FAIT ACCOMPLI !MY #HAN CONSIDERS THE ECOLOGI CAL HISTORY IN REGIONS OF THE 5NITED 3TATES CURRENTLY BEING ENGULFED BY THE CONmU ENCE OF SUBURBAN SPRAWL CONSUMERISM

AND THE ENVIRONMENT 0AINTINGS IN THE SERIES .EW %COSYSTEMS CALL TO MIND A SORT OF WARPED FUTURISTIC TOUR OF AN !UDUBON GUIDE #HAN SCOURS lELD GUIDES ATLASES

AND ENCYCLOPEDIAS FOR SOURCES OF WILDLIFE

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AND TOPOGRAPHY THAT ARE OR ONCE WERE ICONIC IDENTIlERS OF PARTICULAR AREAS OF THE 5NITED 3TATES 4HE BIRDS DESERT IGUANAS

CONIFERS STREAMS AND .ATIVE !MERICAN BURIAL MOUNDS FEATURED IN THESE PAINTINGS ARE UNCOMFORTABLY JUXTAPOSED WITH LOOM ING MAN MADE INTRUSIONS 7AL -ARTS

MEGA MALLS AND HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS )N 4HE 3ONORAN $ESERT WE CATCH A GLIMPSE OF A RED TAILED HAWK AN ARMA DILLO A YUCCA PLANT AND AN OWL LIVING ALONGSIDE A NEW -C-ANSION MONO LITHIC BUILT OF IMPORTED MATERIALS WITH A PITCHED ROOF AN ARCHITECTURAL STYLE FOR COLD WEATHER REGIONS WINDOWS CLOSED

AIRTIGHT AIR CONDITIONER RUNNING ON A PATCH OF BRIGHT GREEN GRASS IN THE HARSH CONDITIONS OF THE DESERT 4HIS FAMILIAR BUT SHOCKING JUXTAPOSITION DElNES SUBURBAN DESERT DEVELOPMENTS AND REMINDS US OF THE LACK OF FORESIGHT AND NEGLIGENCE APPLIED TO (T` *OHU ;OL :VUVYHU +LZLY[ MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ 5L^ ,JVZ`Z[LTZ NV\HJOL VU WHULS

PLANNING WARM WEATHER COMMUNITIES 4ODAY AS REGIONS IN THE 5NITED 3TATES FACE SERIOUS WATER SHORTAGES AND DROUGHT IRRESPONSIBLE WATER USAGE CONTIN UES &OR EXAMPLE HOMEOWNER ASSOCIATIONS IN 3OUTHERN &LORIDA ARE PARTICULARLY STUB BORN IN THEIR DENIAL OF A WATER SHORTAGE CRISIS FORCING THEIR RESIDENTS TO MAINTAIN A LAWN OF A SPECIlC SHADE OF GREEN GRASS )F HOMEOWNERS DO NOT KEEP THEIR GRASS WATERED AND GREEN TO CODE THEY RECEIVE DISPARAGING LETTERS AND lNES FROM THE AS SOCIATION !S #HAN S PRACTICE EMPHASIZES

HUMANS ARE MORE STUBBORN THAN ANIMALS IN THEIR UNWILLINGNESS TO ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND DISREGARD FOR FORMER AND CURRENT OCCUPANTS OF SUCH REGIONS 7ARNINGS ABOUT THE CONSEQUENC ES OF POOR REGIONAL PLANNING HAVE LONG BEEN VOICED BY THEORISTS ARCHITECTS lLM MAKERS AND CRITICS LIKE 7ALTER "ENJAMIN

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*EAN ,UC 'ODARD AND ,EWIS -UMFORD $EBORD IN FACT CALLS TO MIND -UMFORD IN THE BOOK 4HE 3OCIETY OF THE 3PECTACLE 7E ALREADY LIVE IN THE ERA OF THE SELF DE STRUCTION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT 4HE EXPLOSION OF CITIES INTO THE COUNTRYSIDE

COVERING IT WITH WHAT -UMFORD CALLS hFORMLESS MASSESv OF URBAN DEBRIS IS PRESIDED OVER IN UNMEDIATED FASHION BY THE REQUIREMENTS OF CONSUMPTION 4HE DICTATORSHIP OF THE AUTOMOBILE THE PILOT PRODUCT OF THE lRST STAGE OF COMMODITY ABUNDANCE HAS LEFT ITS MARK ON THE LAND SCAPE IN THE DOMINANCE OF FREEWAYS THAT BYPASS THE OLD URBAN CENTERS AND PROMOTE AN EVER GREATER DISPERSAL -EANWHILE IN STANTS OF INCOMPLETE REORGANIZATION OF THE URBAN FABRIC BRIEmY CRYSTALLIZE AROUND THE hDISTRIBUTION FACTORIESv GIANT SHOPPING CENTERS CREATED EX NIHILO AND SURROUNDED BY ACRES OF PARKING SPACE BUT EVEN THESE TEMPLES OF FRENETIC CONSUMPTION ARE SUB JECT TO THE IRRESISTIBLE CENTRIFUGAL TREND

AND WHEN AS PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE CITY THEY IN TURN BECOME OVERTAXED SECONDARY CENTERS THEY ARE LIKEWISE CAST ASIDE 4HE TECHNICAL ORGANIZATION OF CONSUMPTION IS THUS MERELY THE HERALD OF THAT GENERAL PROCESS OF DISSOLUTION WHICH BRINGS THE CITY TO THE POINT WHERE IT CON SUMES ITSELF 7HILE #HAN S EXAMINATIONS OF THE ECOLOGICAL PITFALLS OF SUBURBAN MALLS AND DEVELOPMENTS COINCIDE WITH CONCERNS OVER RAPID AND ILL PLANNED URBAN GROWTH RAISED BY $EBORD -UMFORD AND 'ODARD

$AN 'RAHAM BRINGS ONE OF THESE MALLS TO TELLING LIFE IN THE EIGHT MINUTE VIDEO $EATH BY #HOCOLATE 7EST %DMONTON 3HOPPING -ALL

n 2ECORDED IN ONE OF #ANADA S LARGEST SHOPPING MALLS 'RAHAM S DEADPAN FOOTAGE OF MASS CONSUMERISM AND MALL CULTURE IN ACTION IS A BLEAK REMINDER OF EXACTLY WHAT HAPPENS IN THESE TEMPLES OF COMMERCE (IS USE OF VIDEO ALLOWS FOR AN UNCENSORED RAW PORTRAYAL OF REALITY AND HIS CHOICE TO DISPLAY IT ON A TELEVISION MONITOR EMBEDS THE IMAGERY WITHIN AN APPARATUS CLOSELY ALIGNED WITH A CAPITALIST VEHICLE OF ADVERTISING 4HE INSTALLATION AS A WHOLE SITUATES THE MALL EXPERIENCE WITHIN THIS BROADER CONTEXT OF CONSUMERISM CONTROLLED BY FAR REACHING CORPORATE AND MEDIA INTERESTS !T ONCE HUMOROUS AND INSIGHTFUL

THE VIDEO IS AN ENTERTAINING THEATER OF BAC CHANALIA AS CONSUMERS STUFF THEMSELVES FULL OF THE GOOD LIFE !LTHOUGH FAMILIAR TO ALL OF US THESE SCENES OF MALL CULTURE EXTRACTED FROM CONTEXT AND PUT IMMEDIATELY BEFORE US ARE PARTICULARLY ABSURD AND EMBAR RASSING %VEN THE TITLE $EATH BY #HOCOLATE

ALTHOUGH AN ACTUAL REFERENCE TO A CHOCOLATE RETAILER IN 7EST %DMONTON IMPLIES OVER CONSUMPTION AND CONSEQUENTIAL DEMISE AS SHOPPING BECOMES THE NUMBER ONE CUL TURAL PASTIME 4HE TELEVISION MONITOR IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT THAT INmUENCES OUR RECEPTION OF 'RAHAM S FOOTAGE AND REPRESENTS THE ARTIST S ONGOING INTEREST IN THE REmECTIVE QUALITY OF GLASS 4HE SCREEN PLAYS A DUAL FUNCTION HERE OF REmECTION AND SUPERIMPOSITION OF THE VIEWER S BODY AND GAZE UNITING BOTH AUDIENCE AND IMAGE BY

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ERASING DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN SELF AND COM MODITY )N COMMENTING ON THE CORPORATE IMPETUS BEHIND USE OF LARGE WINDOWS IN RETAIL SHOPS 'RAHAM WRITES h4HE GLASS USED FOR THE SHOWCASE DISPLAYING PRODUCTS ISO LATES THE CONSUMER FROM THE PRODUCT AT THE SAME TIME AS IT SUPERIMPOSES THE MIRROR REmECTION OF HIS OWN IMAGE ONTO THE GOODS DISPLAYED 4HIS ALIENATION PARADOXICALLY

HELPS AROUSE THE DESIRE TO POSSESS THE COM MODITY v !LTHOUGH A STATEMENT ORIGINALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ASPECTS OF SHOP WINDOWS AND DISPLAYS THE CONCEPT IS APPLICABLE TO AN ANALYSIS OF $EATH BY #HOCOLATE AS 'RAHAM EMPLOYS ADVERTISING S OWN STRATEGIES IN A FORM OF THE CONSUMER S CRITICAL SELF REmEC TION AND SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP PRODUCED BY FUSING MONITOR AUDIENCE AND VIDEO IMAGE 'RAHAM LEAVES IT UP TO US TO CON TEMPLATE THIS AND DECIDE IF WHAT WE SEE IN SIDE THE TELEVISION MONITOR ALONG WITH OUR REmECTION IS WONDERFULLY ALLURING OR MAKES US CRINGE 4HE hSPECTACLE OF SOCIETYv HAS NEVER FELT SO STRONG AS IT DOES IN THIS WORK AS HE REVEALS THAT COLLECTIVE MASS CONSUM ERISM INTRODUCED IN THE S IS ALIVE AND WELL TODAY IN A THEME PARK CULTURE THAT CONGREGATES IN AIR CONDITIONED ARTIlCIALLY LIGHTED AND UNNATURAL ENVIRONMENTS TO SPIN AWAY TIME %STER 0ARTEGÌS USES DRAWING

PHOTOGRAPHY SCULPTURE PROJECTIONS AND INSTALLATIONS IN A PRACTICE THAT EXAMINES SOCIETAL AND ECONOMICAL ISSUES OF EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION (ER WORKS IN THE SERIES 7E THE 0EOPLE FOREGO DIRECT REFERENCES TO SPE CIlC COMMODITIES FOR WIDER CONSIDERATIONS OF CONSUMERS ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS 0OPULATED WITH THE SAME KIND OF PEOPLE

WHO ACQUIRE MORE BY UNCONSCIOUS HABIT THAN NECESSITY FEATURED IN 'RAHAM S $EATH BY #HOCOLATE 0ARTEGÌS EXTENDS THE NOTION OF SHOPPING AS ENTERTAINMENT OUT OF THE MALL AND INTO THE CITY STREETS 4HESE LARGE SCALE PRINTS AGGRANDIZE ROUTINE QUOTIDIAN ACTS OF SCHLEPPING ALONG BAGS OF MERCHANDISE (ER lGURES AMBULATE CATATONICALLY WITHOUT DIRECTION HEADS AND SHOULDERS OBSCURED BY BRIGHT SPRAYS OF COLOR AS IF ENTANGLED IN MASSES OF NEBULA /N THE SIDEWALKS LIE GARBAGE BAGS WITH ALL THE UNWANTED MATE RIAL AND PACKAGING COLLECTED DURING THESE MODERN DAY HUNTER GATHERER SESSIONS 7HILE THE SERIES TITLE 7E THE 0EOPLE RECALLS THE VERY lRST WORDS OF THE 5NITED 3TATES #ONSTITUTION THAT EXPRESS A COLLECTIVE RAL LYING CRY FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STABILITY

HER SUBTITLES SUCH AS %XPERIENCE ,IFE ,Z[LY 7HY[LNnZ 4PNYHPULZ MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ >L [OL 7LVWSL PURQL[ \S[YHJOYVTL HYJOP]HS WYPU[

AND -IGRAINES COMMENT ON CON NECTIONS BETWEEN COMMERCE MATERIALISM

AND HUMAN SATISFACTION %XPERIENCE ,IFE FEATURES SHOP PERS WITH BAGS BEARING THE -ACY S LOGO

CREATING AN ARMY OF CONSUMERS MARCHING FORWARD IN STEP UNITED UNDER THE BANNER OF RETAIL SHOPPING )N THIS WORK AND OTHERS FROM THE SERIES A WHITE PATCH ON WHICH PHRASES ARE PROMINENTLY PLACED ACROSS THE SURFACE RESEMBLES A KIND OF PRICE TAG "UT

THE COST IS CULTURAL RATHER THAN MONETARY

WRYLY COMMENTING ON THE DETERIORATION OF THOSE EARLY CONSTITUTIONAL IDEOLOGIES AND TODAY S RATHER VOLATILE BEDFELLOWS OF ECONOMY CREDIT CARD DEBT AND PER SONAL LIVES 4HE FULL TITLES THEN SUGGEST !MERICA S SUBSTANTIAL ROLE AS A PROGENITOR AND FACILITATOR OF COLLECTIVE CONSUMERISM

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WHICH HAS SPREAD TO BROADER GLOBAL HABITS THAT EQUATE HAPPINESS LOVE AND SECURITY WITH PRODUCTS AND CONSTANT SPENDING 4HE INCREASING HOMOGENIZATION THAT DElNES CONSUMER PRACTICE LOOMS LARGE IN THESE WORKS EVERYONE BUYING THE SAME THINGS FROM THE SAME STORES 0ARTEGÌS QUESTIONS IF WE EXPERIENCE LIFE IN ALL ITS GLORY THROUGH EMOTIONAL CONNECTIONS TO MATERIALISM AND THESE QUESTS FOR AND ULTIMATE POSSESSION OF COMMODITIES WE LOVE AND NEED SO MUCH 7HILE 0ARTEGÌS S PRINTS ARE POPU LATED WITH HEADLESS ZOMBIE CONSUMERS

3COTT -ASSEY S PHOTOGRAPHS FROM THE ON GOING SERIES #REPUSCULE ARE WITHOUT ACTUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF PEOPLE HOWEVER HUMAN INTERVENTIONS OF THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE ARE OMNIPRESENT #REPUSCULE MEANING DUSK OR TWILIGHT OR THE PERIOD JUST BEFORE DE CLINE OR DESTRUCTION DESCRIBES THE SUBJECT OF -ASSEY S WORKS 4HE PHOTOGRAPHS WERE TAKEN IN 3OUTHWESTERN "RITISH #OLUMBIA AT NIGHT USING ONLY AMBIENT LIGHT TO DOCU MENT FRINGES OF DEVELOPMENT 4HESE POINTS AT WHICH ARTIlCIAL LIGHTS OF SUBURBAN PARK ING LOTS AND MOVIE THEATERS EXTEND INTO DIMINISHING PARTS OF THE RURAL LANDSCAPE EMPHASIZE HOW DIFlCULT IT IS TO ESCAPE A MAN MADE WORLD 4HE TITLE OF EACH WORK

SUCH AS TH 3TREET AT " !VENUE AND TH 3TREET AT TH !VENUE #OLOSSUS #INEMAS DESIGNATES THE EXACT LOCATION DOCUMENTED !S STREET NUMBERS REACH INTO THE HUNDREDS WE INFER THERE IS A NETWORK OF STREETS THAT RADIATE FROM AN ORIGINAL CITY CENTER SUGGESTIVE OF MASSIVE URBAN SPRAWL TH 3TREET AT " !VENUE DOCUMENTS THE EARLY STAGES OF A SUBDIVISION AS TREES ARE REMOVED CEMENT CURBS POURED

AND WATER AND ELECTRIC LINES BURIED )N THIS PHOTOGRAPH HUMAN INTRUSION EVEN GOES BEYOND THE LANDSCAPE AND INTO THE SKY AS AIRPLANE EXHAUSTS SLOWLY DISSOLVE ABOVE

CREATING AN hXv THAT SYMBOLICALLY STAKES CLAIM TO THAT PART OF THE SKY )N ADDITION TO CONSIDERING THE REACH OF ARTIlCIAL LIGHT INTO THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE THE RATE OF SUBURBAN DEVELOP MENT THAT OCCURS IN RATHER SHORT INTERVALS OF TIME IS ALSO CENTRAL TO THESE PHOTOGRAPHS 4HE TRANSFERENCE OF TIME CONNECTING THE PRESENT PAST AND FUTURE lGURES PROMI NENTLY IN THE INSTALLATION OF THE #REPUSCULE WORKS !LTHOUGH UNABLE TO REMOVE EXHI BITION OF THE WORKS FROM AN INSTITUTIONAL

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OR GALLERY CONTEXT -ASSEY HAS PURPOSELY DISPENSED WITH ALL FRAMING DEVICES BY DIRECTLY ATTACHING THE PHOTOGRAPHS TO THE GALLERY WALL !N ABSENCE OF FRAMES COM BINED WITH THE LARGE SCALE FORMAT X INCHES OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS ALLOWS A MORE IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCE OF THE IMAGES )N THIS SENSE THE WORKS SERVE AS PORTALS THAT CONNECT PRESENT AND PAST AS THE RECENTLY TAKEN IMAGES DOCUMENT QUICKLY VANISH ING LANDSCAPES /R AS -ASSEY STATES hWITH THE FURIOUS PACE OF NEW HOUSING DEVELOP MENT THE TIME GAP IS WITNESSED OVER THE SPAN OF A FEW YEARS AND SOMETIMES EVEN MONTHS INSTEAD OF CENTURIES !S SUCH IT IS POSSIBLE TO REVISIT THE SITES OF THE #REPUSCULE :JV[[ 4HZZL` [O :[YLL[ H[ [O (]LU\L *VSVZZ\Z *PULTHZ MYVT [OL ZLYPLZ *YLW\ZJ\SL -\QP-SL_ WYPU[ ^P[O <= SHTPUH[PVU

IMAGES AND WITNESS THE INCREDIBLE CHANGE OVER SUCH A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME TODAY )T IS FOR THIS REASON THAT THE ABSENCE OF FRAM ING DEVICES IS IMPORTANT v *UST AS %UGÒNE !TGET RUSHED TO DOCUMENT CITY STREETS OF NINETEENTH CENTURY 0ARIS SPARED BY "ARON (AUSSMANN S DEMOLITIONS IN A DIFFERENT CENTURY AND A DIFFERENT WORLD ANOTHER PHOTOGRAPHER SENSITIVELY DOCUMENTS DIS APPEARING LANDSCAPES AS NATURAL WORLDS ARE PLOWED UNDER BY HUMAN INTERVENTIONS )N WORKING MUCH FURTHER SOUTH THAN 3COTT -ASSEY IN #ANADA ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF -ONTERREY -EXICO THE INTERNATIONAL COLLECTIVE ,EARNING 'ROUP ESTABLISHED AN ONGOING PROGRAM CALLED ;#OLLECTING 3YSTEM= ,EARNING 'ROUP IS FOUR GEOGRAPHICALLY FAR mUNG MEMBERSˆ"RETT "LOOM OF THE 5NITED 3TATES *ULIO #ASTRO OF -EXICO 2IKKE ,UTHER OF $ENMARK AND #ECILIA 7ENDT OF 3WEDEN ALL MEMBERS OF OTHER ARTIST COLLECTIVES !S SUCH THEIR VAST CONTACTS AND EXPERIENCES BRING TOGETHER A WIDE RANGE OF INTERESTS AND RESOURCES TO IN VESTIGATE ISSUES RELATED TO SOCIAL CONDITIONS

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE THE ENVIRONMENT

AND URBAN NETWORKS 4HEIR INTENT IS TO CREATE DIALOGUES ABOUT RELEVANT TOPICS IN PLACES IN WHICH THEY lND TO WORK 4HE -ONTERREY PROJECT IS ONE OF THREE ;#OLLECTING 3YSTEM= PROJECTS ORGANIZED TO EDUCATE AND TO STIMULATE DISCOURSE ABOUT HOW ENORMOUS QUANTITIES OF MA TERIAL ARE PRODUCED AND DISCARDED EACH YEAR -ORIYA *APAN ; = #HICAGO ; = AND -ONTERREY ARE DOCUMENTED IN ;,EARNING "OOK = )N -ONTERREY

THEY ALSO ADDRESSED ISSUES RELATED TO PUBLIC AND PRIVATE USE OF LAND &OR ;#OLLECTING

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3YSTEM= PARTICIPANTS GATHERED 0%4 PLASTIC BOTTLES CONTAINERS CONSIDERED VALUELESS BY LOCAL RECYCLING AUTHORITIES 4HEY SORTED THE BOTTLES CALCULATED TECHNICAL DATA ON SIZE SHAPE AND STRENGTH AND CONDUCTED A SERIES OF WORKSHOPS AND EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE BEST WAY TO TURN THESE 3LHYUPUN .YV\W B*VSSLJ[PUN :`Z[LTD PU 4VU[LYYL` 4L_PJV WOV[V KVJ\TLU[H[PVU MYVT B3LHYUPUN )VVR D

UNUSED BOTTLES INTO CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR A DWELLING 7HILE SOME BOTTLES WERE TURNED INTO PLASTIC GRANULATE FOR BUILDING MATERIALS OTHERS BECAME ACTUAL BUILDING BLOCKS STRATEGICALLY WIRED TOGETHER AND STACKED ON TOP OF ONE ANOTHER TO BECOME PRIMARY SUPPORT MATTER FOR INTERIORS OF

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WALLS EVENTUALLY COVERED WITH A VENEER OF CONCRETE )N -ONTERREY PUBLIC LAND IS AVAIL ABLE FOR CONSTRUCTING DWELLINGS BUT THE STATE INCREASINGLY HIRES PRIVATE COMPANIES TO BUILD HOMES ON COMMON LAND WHICH ALLOWS THESE COMPANIES AND THE STATE TO DETERMINE THE AESTHETIC LOOK OF HOUS ING IN AN AREA )F A NEW DWELLING DOESN T CONFORM TO SURROUNDING STRUCTURES IT CAN BE DEMOLISHED "ECAUSE ;#OLLECTED -ATERIAL $WELLING = WAS BUILT WITHOUT PERMIS SION ON PUBLIC LAND IT WAS COVERED WITH A THIN VENEER OF CONCRETE TO HELP IT BLEND IN WITH SURROUNDING DWELLINGS AND PREVENT IT FROM BEING TORN DOWN IN A PERIPHERAL ZONE UNDERGOING NEW BUILDING REGULA TIONS 4HIS BUILDING COST ONE TENTH OF A STANDARD CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND PROVIDES GREATER VERSATILITY HAVING SIX SIDES THAT ALLOW FOR SUBSEQUENT EXPANSION ;,EARNING 0OSTER = WAS POSTED AROUND THE AREA TO PROVIDE INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO MAKE COST EFFECTIVE AND LONG TERM STRUCTURES USING THIS APPROACH 4AKING THE CONCEPT OF BUILDING WITH LOCAL MATERIALS TO NEW LEVELS ;#OLLECTING 3YSTEMS= SIMULTANEOUSLY CAPITALIZES ON UN USED OBJECTS FOR REUSE IN DAILY LOCAL LIFE AND EMPHASIZES CREATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE PILES OF MANUFACTURED WASTE THAT END UP IN LOCAL LANDlLLS )N ADDITION TO CONFRONTING ISSUES OF RECYCLING IN -ONTERREY THE PROJECT TOOK ON PROBLEMS RELATED TO LABOR AND PROPERTY RIGHTS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT AS THAT REGION FACES CONSEQUENCES OF URBAN PLANNING NET WORKS ROOTED IN PRIVATE INTERESTS !CROSS THE !TLANTIC 2ÏANIM PRODUCTS DEVELOPED BY 0ARISIAN BASED COL

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LECTIVE $ESIGNERS ALSO SEEK TO RECYCLE AND BRING NEW LIFE IN THIS CASE TO BROKEN OR DISCARDED FURNITURE 4HE mUORESCENT GREEN OBJECTS ARE MADE OF METAL RESIN

OR TRANSLUCENT PLASTIC AND ACT AS BANDAGES FOR DAMAGED FURNITURE 4HE DISTINCTIVE SHADE OF GREEN NOT ONLY BRINGS TO MIND THE SUBJECT OF ENVIRONMENTALISM BUT ALSO THE GREEN OF PHARMACY SIGNS THROUGHOUT &RANCE 2ÏANIM ARE FOR MENDING AND IN CLUDE ADJUSTABLE METAL CRUTCHES FOR TABLES OR CHAIRS PLASTIC GRAFT RINGS TO CONNECT A MOTLEY OF OBJECTS AND ELASTIC BANDS PATCHED ON SEATING FOR BROKEN CHAIRS OR STITCHED ACROSS DOORLESS CABINETS 4HESE DEVICES ARE ACCOMPANIED BY INSTALLATION INSTRUC TIONS TO HELP USERS TACKLE THE TASK AT HAND 4HE PROJECT REPRESENTS AN INTERSECTION OF INGENUITY AND CREATIVITY THAT REDUCES COSTS OF REPLACING BROKEN FURNITURE BUT ALSO

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REVITALIZES THE CONCEPT OF LONGEVITY IN A SOCIETY THAT ACCEPTS SHODDY CONSTRUCTION AND DISPOSABLE MATERIALS %STABLISHED IN $ESIGNERS IS MADE UP OF 6INCENT "ARANGER *EAN 3ÏBASTIEN "LANC !NTHONY ,EBOSSÏ AND #LAIRE 2ENARD 2ECENT GRADUATES FROM %.3!- A DESIGN AND ENGINEERING UNI VERSITY IN 0ARIS THEIR PRACTICE MAKES INNO VATIVE DESIGNS AVAILABLE AT AFFORDABLE COSTS

!T INTERNATIONAL FURNITURE FAIRS FUNDRAISERS

AND MUSEUMS FROM .EW 9ORK AND -ONTREAL TO 0ARIS AND -ILAN THEIR PRESENTATION OF 2ÏANIM EXTENDED BEYOND JUST INANIMATE DISPLAYS OF FUR NITURE !T THESE EVENTS THE ERS lRST TROLLED THRIFT STORES AND SIDEWALKS FOR FURNITURE IN DIS TRESS OR POOR HEALTH 2ETURNING WITH A COLLEC TION OF PATIENT OBJECTS THE FOURSOME DONNED WHITE LAB COATS AND GOT TO WORK AS AESTHETIC SURGEONS MEASURING DRILLING CUTTING AND SUTURING FORLORN CABINETS TABLES AND CHAIRS RE SUSCITATING THE ONCE DEEMED UNUSABLE DETRITUS

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!DDING A SENSE OF HUMOR TO THE SOMETIMES HYPER SERIOUS ATMOSPHERE AT PLACES LIKE INTERNATIONAL DESIGN FAIRS AND SPOTLIGHTING VALUE IN OTHERWISE VALUELESS OBJECTS $ESIGNERS AND 2ÏANIM COMFORTABLY MELD HIGH DESIGN WITH THE UTILITARIAN 4IM 2IETENBACH TAKES A THOUGHT PROVOKING AND SOMEWHAT HUMOROUS LOOK AT THE FUSION OF COMMERCE HOLIDAYS AND RELIGION 0RAYING (ANDS IS A lFTEEN FOOT SITE SPECIlC INSTALLATION OF PLASTIC HOLIDAY LAWN LUMINARIES CONNECTED AND STACKED TO FORM THE SHAPE OF A SET OF PRAY ING HANDS &ROM /LD -ASTER DEPICTIONS

KITSCHY BRIC A BRAC AND BRONZE BOOKENDS TO TATTOOS JEWELRY AND T SHIRTS THE IMAGE OF HANDS CLASPED TOGETHER IN PRAYER HAS BE COME AN ICONIC REPRESENTATION OF WORSHIP

DEVOTION AND PRAISE 4HESE HANDS HAVE BEEN DRAWN STAMPED CARVED CUT SCULPT ED PAINTED CAST WOVEN AND AIRBRUSHED IN

THE MARKETING MACHINE OF POPULAR CULTURE

COMPARABLE TO NUMEROUS INCARNATIONS OF #HE 'UEVARA YELLOW RIBBON BOWS -AO 4SE 4UNG CAMOUmAGE AND THE #HRISTMAS TREE 2IETENBACH S PRACTICE IS OCCUPIED BY THIS DECREASE IN VALUE THROUGH OVEREXPO SURE AND THE MEANS WITH WHICH FAMILIARITY OBSCURES ORIGINS AND SHROUDS MEANINGS SPECIlCALLY THE WAYS IN WHICH THE HUMAN CONDITION IS CONSUMED AND MANIPULATED BY AUTHORITY AND DEATH 0RAYING (ANDS IS A VAST NETWORK OF ILLUMINATED PLASTIC lGURESˆ*ESUS *OSEPH

-ARY 3ANTA #LAUS AND OTHER NATIVITY AND HOLIDAY IMAGERY IN VARIOUS SHAPES AND SIZ ES PAINTED BLACKˆTWISTED AND TANGLED TO FORM A SET OF BONY HANDS CLASPED TOGETHER 4HE DARK SKELETAL FORM OF THE HANDS SUG GESTS A FUTILITY IN THE ACT OF WORSHIP 4HE ENORMOUS SCALE AND SPECTACULAR IMAGE OF THESE ILLUMINATED HANDS A UBIQUITOUS SYMBOL OF #HRISTIAN FAITH IS A CRITIQUE ON THE CLOSE TIES BETWEEN RELIGION AND CONSUMERISM 2IETENBACH S INSTALLATION IS A REMINDER OF THE POWER RELIGION WIELDS IN OUR ECONOMY AS THESE TACKY LUMINAR IES APPEAR LIKE CLOCKWORK IN RETAIL SHOPS

BUSINESS WINDOWS AND ON SUBURBAN LAWNS EACH .OVEMBER THROUGH $ECEMBER SIG NALING AN ONSLAUGHT OF HOLIDAY SHOPPING $ISPENSING WITH PHILANTHROPIC ACTIVITIES

PRAYING AS AN ACT OF DEVOTION HAS BEEN REPLACED HERE BY DESIRES AND HOPES FOR MATERIAL GAIN INSTEAD OF RELIGIOUS SALVA TION 2ELIGION IS NO LONGER IMMUNE TO CONSUMER EXCESS BUT RATHER CONTRIBUTES TO AND FUELS IT AT THE EXPENSE OF LOSING ITS OWN VALUE IN A VORACIOUS CIRCLE OF SELF CONSUMPTION

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4HE -ISS 2OCKAWAY !RMADA IS A COLLECTIVE OF APPROXIMATELY TWENTY lVE ARTISTS PERFORMERS MUSICIANS WRITERS AND ACTIVISTS WHOSE MISSION IS CENTERED ON AN ANNUAL TRIP DOWN THE -ISSISSIPPI 2IVER ON A LARGE mOTILLA CONSTRUCTED OUT OF RECYCLED MATERIALS "ASED MOSTLY IN .EW 9ORK

BUT WITH MEMBERS LIVING IN 3EATTLE 3AN &RANCISCO -INNEAPOLIS AND "OSTON -ISS 2OCKAWAY THE NAME IS BASED ON A S BEAUTY PAGEANT AT #ONEY )SLAND SEEKS TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT SOCIAL AND ENVIRON MENTAL ISSUES ALL WHILE HAVING FUN )N THEIR INAUGURAL TRIP THE COLLECTIVE BUILT A BOAT FROM DISCARDED WOOD TWO 6OLKSWAGEN 2ABBIT MOTORS CONVERTED TO BIO DIESEL SALVAGED METAL FOAM SCREWS

AND A WHOLE LOT OF FOUND OBJECTS 4HE mEET OF THREE PLYWOOD RAFTS AND FOUR SMALL BARREL BOATS WAS EIGHTY FEET LONG WHEN CONNECTED )T TRAVELED FROM -INNEAPOLIS TO 3T ,OUIS TAKING ALONG ALL THE NECESSI TIES INCLUDING A STAGE FOR PERFORMANCES

A KITCHEN SLEEPING QUARTERS AND A &ERRIS WHEEL OPERATED WITH BICYCLE GEARS 0OWERED BY ENERGY SOURCES SUCH AS BIO FUEL SOLAR WIND AND HUMAN MUSCLE THE PROJECT COMBINED SOCIAL INTERVENTION WITH ACTIVISM TALENT SPONTANEITY AND INGENU ITY TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND SOCIAL DIVIDES $URING THIS TRIP THE CREW STOPPED IN SMALL RIVER TOWNS LIKE 0RAIRIE DU #HIEN

7ISCONSIN AND 7INONA -INNESOTA TO HOST MUSICAL AND THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES )NTERACTING WITH LOCAL FOLKS THROUGH THESE EVENTS AND ORGANIZING MINI HOW TO WORK SHOPS SUCH AS SCREENPRINTING AND MUSIC CLASSES THE COLLECTIVE TRANSCENDS SOCIO

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