WHERE THE EARTH IS RED A STRATEGIC DESIGN EXPLORATION OF NUNAVIK MCGILL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE M1 STUDIO
PHASE III - LOCALISED DESIGN PROPOSALS
ARCH 673 - WINTER 2014 COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN STUDIO DIRECTED BY TALIA DORSEY
PHASE III [LOCALISED DESIGN PROPOSALS} INTRODUCTION One of the biggest concerns facing the Inuit population of Canada today is a chronic and worsening housing crisis. Popularized this fall as one of the key imperatives in a UN special human rights report on Canada’s aboriginal people, its importance and multi-dimensional implications were brought to the fore by the consulting Inuit delegation itself: “There are many pressing issues we could have brought to the attention of the UN Rapporteur, but housing is an issue that cuts across an incredible array of social policy areas,” said Nunatsiavut president Sarah Leo, who led the Inuit delegation, “from the spread of communicable disease, to physical abuse, to school attendance, to the ability of individuals to participate in the developing economy.”
“There are many pressing issues we could have brought to the attention of the UN Rapporteur, but housing is an issue that cuts across an incredible array of social policy areas,” said Nunatsiavut president Sarah Leo, who led the Inuit delegation, “from the spread of communicable disease, to physical abuse, to school attendance, to the ability of individuals to participate in the developing economy.” The crisis, while widespread, is particularly acute in Nunavik, which has the fastest growing population of all Inuit communities in Canada. This is in part due to the fact that it is the only Inuit region that falls under provincial jurisdiction as opposed to direct federal jurisdiction (such as Nunavut) and as such, is often caught in multi-level governmental disputes, and/or excluded from federal level Arctic policies and support programs. Though certain emergency stop-gaps have emerged, such as the Quebec government pledging $80 million for housing development (despite it technically being a federal responsibility), great need still exists, and will continue to exist even with full exploitation of the current federal and provincial commitments. While this kind of need represents true crisis, it also represents true need and potential for the application of creative, systemic and structural thinking to find solutions that can address not only the quantitative imperatives of the situation, but also the qualitative and strategic potentials that lie therein. This is the subject of the design studio. Addressing the housing needs in Nunavik, through a specific case study will be the subject of the design studio however, it will not be examined unto itself, but through the lens of strategic opportunism. We will look beyond the standard avenues of support to parallel avenues of development - namely industrial exploits (principally mining and hydro-electric). We will use mining as our industrial case study to uncover the development and investment mechanisms it implies, and use this to uncover strategic opportunities that might support and address the housing needs of the local communities - in an immediate, but also sustained way. The third intersecting subject of the studio will be contemporary pre-fabrication systems. We will investigate the current and future-minded trends in this burgeoning area of the discipline to identify new potentials that might simultaneously serve both the industrial and community development projects in the north. Supply and manufacturing systems will be examined, as well as design opportunities and potentials.
Contents | Phase III
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PHASE III
[ARCHITECTURAL STRATEGIC DESIGN PROPOSAL] LANDSCAPE METABOLISM
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NUNAVIK HOUSING SITUATION
LACK OF SPACE / OVER CROWDING YOUNG POPULATION / GROWING LOW SKILL FORCE DESIGNED FOR / NO CULTURAL REFERENCE (IN THE BUILT) HIGH COST / LACK OF MATERIAL ISOLATION / EXTREME WEATHER PERMAFROST MELTING
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
NUNAVIK HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES
ENRICH / MODIFY, ACCOMODATE TRANSITION TO PREFRAB / FAMILIARITY WITH PRODUCT TRAINING PROCESS / EXERCISE DESIGN WITH (ADD TO CULTURE) / OFFER POSSIBILITIES, INNOVATE USE NATURAL MATERIAL (ROCKS FROM MINES) CONSIDER NORDIC CLIMATE / USE DAYLIGHT INTEGRATE / DEVELOPPE STRUCTURE FOUNDATION
EMPOWEREMENT IKEA EFFECT PERSONALISE
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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NUNAVIK ORGANIZATION CHART CONTROLLING FLOW AND DESIGN
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
SINGLE DETACHED HOUSE UNIT PLAN / ELEVATION / SECTION INUIT HOUSING Date : 1980 - ... Type : Single family 3 bedrooms Location : Inukjuak - Ivujivik Salluit - Umiujuaq Dimensions : 120 sq.m. Materials : wood construction By : Société d’habitation du Québec
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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EXISTING HOUSING TYPOLOGY AND HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION
620
180
370
180
35
+ 385
155
150
135
15
84%
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
SHIFT FROM ‘DESIGN FOR’ TO ‘DESIGNING WITH’
Painting by Alec Gordon (Kuujjuaq) Showing the evolution of housing in the community
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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KOWLOON, HONG KONG WALLED CITY
DENSIFICATION
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL FAVELA
NATURAL GROWTH
LAGOS, NIGERIA MAKOKO FLOATING VILLAGE
VERNACULAR
NUNAVIK, QUÉBEC ISOLATED NORDIC VILLAGES
ADAPTABILITY
? SIMILARITY
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
PERSONALISED
LOW TECH
LIMITED RESOURCE
AUPALUK DENSIFICATION
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SPACE MODIFICATIONS ANNOTATED PLANS
STORAGE
2
INUIT RESIDENTS Sketches of desired home 9
10
5 4 13
5 4
11 BEDROOM.1
WC
MECHANICAL
3
12 KITCHEN
10
15
9 14
16
BEDROOM.2
8
BEDROOM.3
LIVING ROOM
6 VESTIBULE
5
1 7
4
13
3 0
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
1m
DIFFERENT HOUSEHOLD IN A SINGLE DETACHED HOUSE ADDITIONAL NEEDS
1
Platform for canoes and fishing boats
2
Shacks for snowmobiles hunting & fishing equipment
3
Terrace for domestic activities and BBQ events
4
Cold vestibule for light hunting supplies
5
Warm vestibule for winter clothes and boots
6
Window protection from vandalism and wind
7
Spacious bedroom for additional occupants
8
Flexible living room for open space
9
Space integration for socialisation
10
Dining space for traditional and contemporary eating
11
Sinks and counters for traditional food preparation
12 14
Storage for appropriate space
13
Seperate space for studying and sewing activites
15
Indirect entrance for cold air deflection
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Wide corridor for easy displacement to bedrooms INTERIOR SPACE
COUPLE FAMILY WITH 3 CHILDREN
EXTERIOR SPACE
SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY WITH 2 CHILDREN
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
MULTIGENERATIONAL UP TO 8 MEMBERS
SPACE & DESIGN CONSIDERATION
SINGLE (PROFESSIONALS)
TWO PERSON (COUPLE) WITH FAMILY/FRIENDS
DIFFICULT CONNECTION TO OTHER SPACES Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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INTERVENTIONS MATRIX
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
DEMOGRAPHIC
SOCIO-CULTURAL
Extension Bedrooms
Extension New entrance + Living space extension
Addition New housing
Addition Roof shaft for cooking
Addition Storage + Cool spaces
Addition Storage + Cool spaces
Substract Bebrooms
Addition Exterior wood deck
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
URBAN PERFORMANCE
Orientation Sun path
Site Topography
Site Topography
Ventilation Roof shaft
Retrofit Mechanical room
Site Street relation
Orientation Wind path
Retrofit Solar pannels or Green roof
Site Neighborhood relation
Addition Snow fence
Retrofit Building enveloppe
Site Views Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SITE AUPALUK
Kindergarden
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Grade school
Municipal office
Arena
Church
Hotel co-op
Market co-op Post Office General Store
Diesel reservoir
Maintenance shop
SITE 4 existing houses
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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119 NIUVIURIAQ STREET SITE SPECIFIC
Limited view on the water No relation to the street
Potential landscape earthwork
Long west facade to predominant wind
No relationship to neighbour
No view to montain and airport WIND AND SUN PATH
N
W
N
E
W
E
S
S
Summer
Fall
N
W
N
E
W
E
S
Winter 22
S
Spring
When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SINGLE DETACHED HOUSE UNIT GROWTH - INTERVENTION A
Storing Eating
Frequency of use
Frequency of activities
Socializing
Kitchen Bedroom
WC
Kitchen
Living room
+
Bedroom Storage
Utility room
Sleeping
Mechanical
Bedroom
Living room
Bedroom
Storage
Cooking Sewing
Vestibule
Socializing Storing Storing Eating Eating Sleeping
Frequency Frequency of use of use
Frequency Frequency of activities of activities
Socializing
Kitchen Kitchen Living room
Bedroom
WC
Mechanical
Kitchen
Bedroom
WC
Mechanical
Kitchen
Storage
Bedroom Utility room Utility room Storage
Cooking Sewing
Storage
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Storage
Vestibule
Sleeping
Frequency of use
Frequency of activities
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Eating
Kitchen Bedroom
Cold Porch
Modern seperated spaces southern use of furniture Kitchen Mechanical lifted
Bedroom Storage
Utility room
Storage
Bedroom
Bedroom
+
centrality new entrance
Living room
Living room
When the Earth is Red | McGill University Cooking
WC
Living room
winter entrance
+
Sewing
Storing
summer entrance
Living room Bedroom
Sleeping Cooking
Socializing
Cold Porch
Living room
Traditional linked spaces nordic use of floor grounded
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SYMBIOTIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT ADAPTATIONS
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
View to water Open space View to street and semi public relation Angle correction for wind protection and sun use Crush stone base New entrance and view
Kitchen extension Terrace Sewing room
Warm vestibule
Cold vestibule
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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Bedroom SINGLE DETACHED HOUSEBedroom UNIT Living Living room room GROWTH - INTERVENTION B Bedroom Bedroom
Utility room Utility room
ing Sleeping
Frequency of use
Kitchen Kitchen
Frequency of activities
ing Eating
Frequency of use
ingStoring
Frequency of use
ing ocializing
Kitchen Socializing Kitchen WC WCMechanical Mechanical Kitchen Storing Eating
Storage Storage
WC
Bedroom
+
++ Storage
Storage Storage Utility room Sleeping Living Living room room Bedroom
Sewing Cold Cold Vestibule Vestibule Porch Porch
Bedroom Bedroom
Living Living room room Bedroom Bedroom
Utility room Utility room
Frequency of use
Kitchen Kitchen
Frequency of activities
ing Sleeping
Frequency of use
ing Eating
Frequency of use
ingStoring
Kitchen Socializing Kitchen WC WCMechanical Mechanical Kitchen Storing Eating
Storage Storage
Vestibule
Bedroom
WC
Cold Porch
Kitchen
Mechanical
Living room Bedroom Storage
Storage Storage Utility room Sleeping Living Living room room Bedroom
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
ing Cooking
Living room
Bedroom
Storage
Cooking
ingSewing
ing ocializing
Kitchen
Mechanical
Living room
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
ing Cooking
Bedroom
Living room
Bedroom
Storage
Cooking
inefficient enveloppe inadequate window difficult access crowded outdated Modern
Sewing
ingSewing
++
+
Traditional new spacious easy access window protection high-perf. enveloppe recuparated space new storage
centrality space integration flexible
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SYMBIOTIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT ADAPTATIONS
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Minimum intervention on existing enveloppe Integration to open spaces No corridors Angle correction for wind protection and sun orientaion
Recuperated space Spacious storage Two new bedrooms Sewing room displaced
Window protection Protected entrance with terrace
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SINGLE DETACHED HOUSE UNIT GROWTH - INTERVENTION C
Bedroom Bedroom
Living Living room room Bedroom Bedroom
Utility room Utility room
ing Sleeping
Frequency of use
Kitchen Kitchen
Frequency of activities
ing Eating
Frequency of use
ingStoring
Frequency of use
ing ocializing
Kitchen Socializing Kitchen WC WCMechanical Mechanical Kitchen Storing Eating
Bedroom
Storage Storage
Storage
Sewing Cold Cold Vestibule Vestibule Porch Porch
Bedroom Bedroom
Living Living room room Bedroom Bedroom
Utility room Utility room
Frequency of use
ing Sleeping
Kitchen Kitchen
Frequency of activities
ing Eating
Frequency of use
ingStoring
Frequency of use
ing ocializing
Kitchen Socializing Kitchen WC WCMechanical Mechanical Kitchen Storing Eating
Storage Storage
Storage Bedroom
Modern small space moisture problem insufficient hot water noise related to machine
Bedroom
WC
Mechanical
When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Kitchen
centrality proximity of space
Bedroom Storage Bedroom
Bedroom
Storage
++
Living room
Contemporary bathroom & water closet moisture-resistant material efficent water use quipement Cold Vestibule new enclosed space Porch
Sewing
ingSewing
32
+
Storage Storage Utility room Sleeping Living Living room room Cooking
Kitchen
Living room
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
ing Cooking
Mechanical
++ Bedroom
Cooking
ingSewing
WC
Storage Storage Utility room Sleeping Living Living room room
Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom
ing Cooking
Bedroom
Living room
+
*Note: retrofit of adjacent spaces to be recuparated or completely renovated (bedrooms and/or living spaces)
Living room
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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SYMBIOTIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT ADAPTATIONS
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Mechnical room located farther Washroom with resiliant finish Recuperated space
Storage room or WC Continuity of enveloppe
Completed open space New kitchen
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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INTERVENTIONS CASE STUDY
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When the Earth is Red | McGill University
DEMOGRAPHIC
SOCIO-CULTURAL
Extension Bedrooms
Extension New entrance + Living space extension
Addition New housing
Addition Roof shaft for cooking
Addition Storage + Cool spaces
Addition Storage + Cool spaces
Substract Bebrooms
Addition Exterior wood deck
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
URBAN PERFORMANCE
Orientation Sun path
Site Topography
Site Topography
Ventilation Roof shaft
Retrofit Mechanical room
Site Street relation
Orientation Wind path
Retrofit Solar pannels or Green roof
Site Neighborhood relation
Addition Snow fence
Retrofit Building enveloppe
Site Views Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
37
38
When the Earth is Red | McGill University
Carlo Tadeo | Phase 3
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