bangla-iii

Avgvi evsjv eB

Z…Zxq fvM

K¨vgweªqvb ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR cÖvBgvix kvLv

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welq cÖv_©bv evsjv‡`k gvwS wPwV e„wói Qov gvgvi evwoi wcVv gyw³‡mbv Lwjdv nhiZ Avey eKi (iv) ¯^vaxbZvi myL †gNbv Pj& Pj& Pj& KjveZxi nv‡U ms‡KZ¸‡jv †R‡b ivwL evsjv fvlv fvB †ev‡bi kL †Uª‡b ågb dig c~iY Av`k© †Q‡j Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Avgv‡`i MÖvg RvZxq †Ljv nv-Wy-Wy †`k we‡`‡ki wkï ivLvj †Q‡j weRq w`em Gfv‡i÷ weRq iƒcK_v exi ‡kªô K¨v‡Þb gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi fi `ycy‡i

c„ôv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 25 26 28 30 33 35 37 39 40 42 44 46

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

mywdqv Kvgvj bvg Rb¥ cwiPq wcZ…-gvZ… cwiPq

: mywdqv Kvgvj : 20 Ryb, 1911 wLªóvã, kv‡q¯Ívev` ewikvj : wcZvi bvg- •mq` Avãyj evix gvZvi bvg- bIqveRv`x •mq`v mv‡eiv LvZzb mvwnZ¨ mvabv : muv‡Si gvqv, gvqv KvRj, gb I Rxeb, †Kqvi KuvUv, GKvˇii WvBix, •Zj wZj| cyi®‥vi I m¤§vbbv : GKz‡k c`K, evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi®‥vi| Rxebvemvb : 20 b‡f¤^i, 1999 wLªóvã

1| iwng ingvb †K? DËi: iwng k‡ãi A_© `qvjy, Avi ingvb k‡ãi A_© KiæYvgq| iwng ingvb n‡jb Avgv‡`i GB wek¦ RM‡Zi m„wóKZ©v gnvb Avjøvn| 2| Avjøvni Kv‡Q Avgiv Kx †gvbvRvZ Kwi? DËi: G wek¦ RM‡Zi mewKQzB gnvb Avjøvni `vb| wZwb Avgv‡`i Rb¨ my›`i c„w_ex m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Mv‡Q Mv‡Q dzjdj, km¨ fiv gvV, Rjfiv b`x I cvwLi K‡É Mvb w`‡q‡Qb| ZvB Avgiv gnvb Avjøvni Kv‡Q GB e‡j †gvbvRvZ Kwi Avgiv †hb gnvb Avjøvn‡K fy‡j bv hvB| mnR mij mr c‡_ Pwj| 3| Avjøvni `vb Kx Kx? DËi: gnvb Avjøvn GB wek¦ RM‡Zi me wKQzB m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Mv‡Q Mv‡Q w`‡q‡Qb bvbv iK‡gi dzj dj, gv‡V w`‡q‡Qb meyR dmj, b`x mvMi, Lvj we‡j w`‡q‡Qb bvbv iKg gvQ, cvwLi K‡É w`‡q‡Qb mygayi Mvb, gvby‡l gvby‡l AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© ZuviB `vb| †gvU K_v, GB m„ó RM‡Zi mewKQzB gnvb Avjøvni `vb| 4| AvcbRb Kviv?

DËi: wcZv gvZv, `v`v `vw`, PvPv PvwP, fvB‡evb I AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb Avgv‡`i AvcbRb| AvcbR‡biv G‡K A‡b¨i †LuvR Lei iv‡L I mKjKv‡R mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| Giv G‡K Ac‡ii ïfvKv“Lx| 5| Avgv‡`i †kl †gvbvRvZ Kx? DËi: gvbe RvwZi A‡kl Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Avjøvn ZvÕqvjv me wKQzB m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Avi Avgiv Zv †fvM K‡i hvw‛Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i †kl †gvbvRvZ n‡e me©¶Y gnvb Avjøvni ¸YMvb K‡i Zuvi Amxg `vb I KiæYvi Rb¨ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kiv Ges Zuvi wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ Pjv| c„ôv-1

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1| evsjv‡`k Kv‡`i †`k?

DËi: evsjv‡`k Avgvi †`k, Avgv‡`i †`k, wn›`y, gymwjg, †e․×, wLªóvb mK‡ji †`k| G †`k Avgv‡`i gvZ…f~wg| G †`k‡K Avgiv fv‡jvevwm| 2| evsjv‡`‡ki Kv‡Q †Kvb mvMi Av‡Q? DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki Kv‡Q e‡½vcmvMi Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y w`‡K Aew¯’Z wekvj Rjivwk G mvMi| G DcmvM‡ii Rj bxj| 3| evsjv‡`‡ki g~j f~L‡Ð Kx Kx Av‡Q? DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki g~j f~L‡Ð Av‡Q MvQcvjv, b`xbvjv, cvnvoce©Z, Lvjwej cyKzi, eb ebvbx, dm‡ji gvV, Rwg wRivZ, Nievwo Ges iv¯Ív NvU| 4| evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM gvbyl †Kv_vq evm K‡i?

DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki †ewki fvM gvbyl MÖv‡g evm K‡i Ges mv`v wm‡a Rxeb-hvcb K‡i| 5| cve©Z¨ GjvKvq Kviv evm K‡i?

DËi: cve©Z¨ GjvKvq cvnvwoiv evm K‡i| wewfbœ DcRvwZi evm cvnv‡o| Zviv A‡bK cwikªg K‡i Rxebhvcb K‡i| 6| el©vKv‡j wbPz f~wgi Kx Ae¯’v nq?

DËi: el©vKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wbPz f~wg cvwb‡Z cøvweZ nq| c_NvU me Wy‡e hvq| MÖv‡gi gvbyl †b․Kvq K‡i PjvPj K‡i| dm‡ji gvV Wy‡e dmj bó n‡q hvq| 7| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi cÖavb is Kx? DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi is cÖavbZ meyR| cÖK…wZi †h w`‡KB ZvKvB ïay meyR MvQcvjv| meyR avb I cv‡Ui †¶‡Z evZvm eB‡j meyR †XD †L‡j hvq| GQvovI evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi evnvwi is i‡q‡Q| 8| evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡K Kwe I wkíxiv Kx e‡j‡Qb? DËi: Kwe I wkíxiv evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡K KvRj gvwU e‡j‡Qb| evsjvv‡`‡ki gvwU †mvbvi †P‡q I LuvwU| 9| †g‡Ni is †Kgb? DËi: evsjvi AvKv‡k KvjwfwËK •ewPÎgq †g‡Ni is †Ljv K‡i| el©vi bexb †g‡Ni is Kv‡jv| KLbI KLbI Nb Kv‡jv| ki‡Z †g‡Ni is cvëvq| el©v †k‡l ki‡Z †g‡Ni is mv`v Zy‡jvi g‡Zv †`Lvq| 10| †mvbvwj is wK‡mi?

DËi: †iv‡`i is †mvbvwj| †gN gy³ AvKv‡k †mvbvwj m~h© D¾¡j Av‡jv Qovq| ZLb Pviw`‡K †mvbvwj is wSwKwgwK K‡i| Avevi cvKv av‡bi is I cvKv cv‡Ui is †mvbvwj| 11| MÖx‡®§i †iv` †Kgb? DËi: MÖx‡®§i †iv` Zxeª| MÖx‡®§ m~‡h©i †ZR †ewk _v‡K| G mgq †i․‡`ªi ZxeªZvq K…l‡Ki gv_vi Nvg S‡i| c„ôv-2

evsjv

cÖK…Z bvg Rb¥ ZvwiL Rxebvemvb esk cwiPq

Z…Zxq †kªwY

: : : :

iex›`ªbv_ VvKyi| QÙ bvg: fvbywmsn VvKzi| 7 †g, 1861 wLª: (25 •ekvL 1268) †Rvovmuv‡Kv KjKvZv, fviZ| 7 AvMó, 1941 wLª÷vã (22 kªveY, 1348) wcZvi bvg- gnwl© †`‡e›`ªbv_ VvKzi gvZvi bvg- mvi`v †`ex mvwnZ¨ mvabv : Kve¨- gvbmx, †mvbvi Zix, MxZvÄwj, ejvKv| Dcb¨vm- †Mviv, N‡i-evB‡i, †Pv‡Li evwj, †hvMv‡hvM| bvUK- wPi Kzgvi mfv, WvKNi, i³Keix| cyi®‥vi I m¤§vbbv : †bv‡ej cyi®‥vi 1913|

1| gvwS KweZvwU †K wj‡L‡Qb? DËi: ÔgvwSÕ KweZvwU wj‡L‡Qb wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| GwU Kwe ¸iæ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Gi GKwU Ab¨Zg KweZv| 2| b`xwUi IB cv‡i †h‡Z Kvi B‡”Q K‡i?

DËi: ÔgvwSÕ KweZvi KwíZ wkïwUi b`xi Icv‡i †hLv‡b euv‡ki LuywU‡Z mvwi mvwi †b․Kv euvav †mLv‡b †h‡Z B‡‛Q K‡i| 3| KweZvq †K Kvi Kv‡Q Zvi B‡”Qi K_v ej‡Q? DËi: ÔgvwSÕ KweZvq †QvU wkïwU Zvi gvi Kv‡Q Zvi B‡‛Qi K_v ej‡Q| 4| wWwO †bŠKv †Kv_vq euvav _v‡K? DËi: b`xi Icv‡i †LqvNv‡U euv‡ki LuywU‡Z wWwO †b․Kv¸‡jv euvav _v‡K| 5| K…l‡Kiv Kxfv‡e cvi n‡q hvq?

DËi: K…l‡Kiv gv‡Vi KvR †kl K‡i jvOj Kuv‡a †d‡j b`x cvi n‡q hvq| 6| †R‡j Kx K‡i?

DËi: †R‡jiv Rvj †U‡b b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i| 7| ivLv‡ji †Q‡j Kx K‡i?

DËi: ivLv‡ji †Q‡jiv Miæ, gwnl wb‡q muvZvi †K‡U b`x cvi n‡q hvq| 8| †kqvj¸‡jv KLb †Kv_vq †W‡K I‡V? DËi: ivZ `ycy‡i SvD WvOvi cv‡i †kqvj¸‡jv †W‡K I‡V| c„ôv-3

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1| iscyi †_‡K †K wPwV wj‡L‡Q? Kvi Kv‡Q wPwV wj‡L‡Q? DËi: iscyi †_‡K Rvnvbviv wPwV wj‡L‡Q| Rvnvbviv Zvi evev‡K wPwV wj‡L‡Q| 2| Rvnvbviv Kq Zvwi‡L AveŸy‡K wPwV wj‡L‡Q? DËi: Rvnvbviv Zvi AveŸy‡K 17 GwcÖj, 2009 mv‡j wPwV wj‡L‡Q| 3| GB wPwV‡Z Kx Kx cïi bvg Av‡Q Zv wjL? DËi: Rvnvbviv Zvi AveŸyi Kv‡Q †h wPwV wj‡L‡Q †m wPwV‡Z †hme cïi bvg i‡q‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc: wRivd, Rjn¯Íx, wmsn, evN, †Reªv, ejMv nwiY, †kqvj, nbygvb, evbi I mRviæ| 4| gy‡Li g‡a¨ cvwb wb‡q fym fym K‡i Quy‡o w`w”Qj Kviv?

DËi: gy‡Li g‡a¨ cvwb wb‡q fym fym K‡i Quy‡o w`w‛Qj Rjn¯Íx¸‡jv| 5| Rvnvbviv Kv‡`i mv‡_ wPwoqvLvbvq wM‡qwQj? iscyi wPwoqvLvbvi c‡_i eY©bv `vI? DËi: Rvnvbviv Zvi AveŸy, cÖÁv Lvjv, †QvU fvB I †QvU gvgvi mv‡_ iscyi wPwoqvLvbv wM‡qwQj| iscyi wPwoqvLvbvi c_ miæ, Muv‡qi g‡a¨ Pjvi c‡_i g‡Zv| `yav‡i jvMv‡bv Av‡Q mvwi mvwi dz‡ji MvQ| dzj¸‡jvi is D¾¡j wKš‘ Zv‡Z †Kvb MÜ †bB| 6| Rvnvbviv Kqai‡bi wPj †`‡LwQj ?

DËi: Rvnvbviv wZb ai‡bi wPj †`‡LwQj| wPj¸‡jvi bvg n‡jv: (K) fyeb wPj, (L) avb wPj I (M) k“L wPj|

c„ôv-4

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

di&iæL Avng` mvims‡¶c: el©vi e„wó‡Z cÖK…wZ‡Z mvov c‡o‡Q| Kvkeb, Nvmeb, b`x-bvjv, MÖvg-MÄ, nvU-evRvi me©ÎB Zvi cÖfve| †Kqve‡b dzj †dv‡U, b`x‡Z †Lqv _v‡K bv| cvwLiv e„wó‡Z bx‡o wd‡i, ivLvj †Q‡j c_ fy‡j `uvwo‡q hvq, gb n‡q hvq D`vm PÂj| kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv: kã mvov ‡`qv Muv ev`j †`vjv c_-†fvjv cv‡b

A_© †kvi‡Mvj †gN MÖvg e„wó Av‡jvob c_ fy‡j‡Q †h w`‡K

evK¨ bZzb AwZw_ Avmvq evwo‡Z mvov c‡o †M‡Q| el©vi Nb †`qvi AvKvk †Q‡q hvq| Muv‡qi c_ a‡i †jvKwU †nu‡U hv‡‛Q| ev`‡ji aviv SiSi K‡i Si‡Q| Zvi Mvb mK‡ji gb †`vjv w`j| †m GK c_-†fvjv c_K| †`‡ki cv‡b ZvKvI|

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ: 1| e„wó G‡j †Kv_vq mvov RvMj? DËi: Kwe di&iæL Avng` Ôe„wói QovÕ KweZvq e„wó G‡j Nvm e‡b mvov RvMj| 2| e„wó G‡j e‡Ki mwi †Kv_vq jyKvq? DËi: e„wó G‡j e‡Ki mvwi euvk e‡b jyKvq| 3| †Kqv dzj †Kv_vq dzUj? DËi: el©vi dzj †Kqv| e„wó Avmvq †Kqv dzj e‡bi Avov‡j dzUj| 4| ivLvj †Q‡jiv Kx nj?

DËi: Ôe„wói QovÕ KweZvq ivLvj †Q‡j †gN †`‡L c_ fy‡j †Kv_vq †hb nvwi‡q †Mj| 5| †g‡Ni Avuav‡i gb Kx Pvq? DËi: †g‡Ni Avuav‡i gb Avb‡›` †b‡P I‡V| G mgq g‡b Ab¨ iKg Av‡jvob m„wó nq| gb †hb †Kv_vI Qz‡U †h‡Z Pvq| 6| el©vi avb †KvbwU? DËi: el©vKv‡j AvEk avb Drcbœ nq| mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý `vI: K) mvov RvMj  L) e‡Ki mvwi jywK‡q †Mj  M) b`x †Z bvB  N) gb Qz‡U hvq  O) el©vi dzj 

euvk e‡b / Nvm e‡b / Kvk e‡b| b`xi Icv‡i / euvk e‡b / e‡bi Avov‡j| †`qv / †Kqv / †Lqv| AvEk av‡bi gv‡V / Avgb av‡bi gv‡V / Bwi av‡bi †`‡k| Kvk / Nvm / †Kqv| c„ôv-5

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1| wcVv •Zwii Rb¨ Kx Kx jv‡M? DËi: evsjv‡`k wcVv cywji †`k| bvbv ai‡bi wcVv GLv‡b •Zwi nq| wcVv •Zwii Rb¨ A‡bK ai‡bi Dcv`vb jv‡M| Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡‛Q- AvZc Pv‡ji Muy‡ov, bvwi‡Kj, Av‡Li ev †LRy‡ii ¸o, †LRy‡ii im, `ya, wPwb, wWg BZ¨vw`| GQvovI wcVv evbv‡bvi cvÎ †hgb- gvwUi †Lvjv, gvwUi XvKbv, KjvcvZv, KuvVvj cvZv BZ¨vw`| 2| wcVv evbv‡”Q †K? Kviv wcVv Lv‡”Q? DËi: Szgvi gvwg wcVv evbv‡‛Q| Avi wcVv Lv‡‛Q Szgv, Szgvi gvgv‡Zv †evb mvRy I gvRy| 3| †Lvjv wPZzB Kxfv‡e •Zwi nq?

DËi: †hfv‡e †Lvjv wPZzB •Zwi nq: Pv‡ji Muy‡ov‡K cvwb w`‡q †Mvjv K‡i cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv wWg w`‡q cÖ_‡g fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q wb‡Z nq| Gici gvwUi •Zwi †Lvjvi Ici GKUv PvgP w`‡q cvZjv K‡i Qwo‡q w`‡q gvwUi XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z n‡e| GK wgwbU ci XvKbv DVv‡j †`Lv hv‡e wPZzB wcVv •Zwi n‡q †M‡Q| 4| kx‡Zi wcVv †Kvb ¸‡jv?

DËi: fvcv, †Lvjv wPZzB, `ya wPZzB, im wcVv, cvwU mvcUv, `ya cywj, ¶xi cywj, bvwi‡Kj cywj, P›`ªcywj BZ¨vw` nj kx‡Zi wcVv| 5| mviv eQi †Kvb wcVv cvIqv hvq?

DËi: cyqv,cvKb, g¨viv wcVv mviv eQi cvIqv hvq| 6| evsjv‡`‡ki wcVv †Kvb ¸‡jv?

DËi: wPZzB, `ya wPZzB, fvcv wcVv, cyqv, cywj wcVv, g¨viv wcVv, bKwk wcVv, cvwUmvcUv, `ya cywj, P›`ªcywj, bvi‡Kj cywj, mR‡bcvZv, KvRj jZv, ¶xi cywj, †mgvB wcVv BZ¨vw` n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki wcVv| 7| bKwk wcVv Kxfv‡e •Zwi nq?

DËi: bKwk wcVv wewfbœ AvKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| dzj, cvZv, MvQ, gvQ mn AviI A‡bK wKQzi bKkv AvuKv nq wcVvi Ici| 8| cywj wcVvi bvg Ges bvo–¸‡jvi bvg Kx? DËi: cywj wcVvi bvg ¸‡jv n‡”Q- P›`ªcywj, `ya cywj, bvi‡Kj cywj, ¶xi cywj| bvo– cywji bvg n‡”Q- Pv‡ji bvo”, wZ‡ji bvo”, wP‡oi bvo”, bvi‡K‡ji bvo”| c„ôv-6

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

myKzgvi eo–qv bvg Rb¥ cwiPq wcZ… cwiPq mvwnZ¨ mvabv

: myKzgvi eo”qv : 05 Rvbyqvwi, 1938 wLªóvã, webvRywi, ivDRvb, PÆMÖvg| : me©vb›` eo”qv : cvMjv †Nvov, wf‡R weovj, P›`ªbv iÄbvi Qov, G‡jvcvZvwo, bvbv i‡Oi w`b, wPwPs duvK BZ¨vw`

1| gyw³‡mbv Kviv?

DËi: evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ huviv hy× K‡i‡Qb ZuvivB gyw³‡mbv| wcÖq gvZ…f~wgi Uv‡b Avgv‡`i gyw³‡mbviv nvbv`vi •mb¨evwnbxi Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o‡Qb| 2| Kviv ab¨?

DËi: huviv gv‡qi fvlv I gvZ…f~wg‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Rxeb-evwR †i‡L‡Qb ZuvivB ab¨| Zuviv c„w_exi ey‡K wPi ¯§iYxq A¤­vb, A¶q| BwZnv‡mi †mvbvi cvZvq Zuv‡`i bvg †jLv _vK‡e| 3| knx` †K Avi MvwR †K? DËi: mZ¨ I b¨v‡qi Rb¨ hy× K‡i huviv cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb Zuviv knx` Ges huviv b¨vq hy‡× Rqx n‡q‡Qb Zuviv MvwR| 4| Kviv nvbv`vi‡`i Nv‡qj Kij? DËi: gyw³cvMj G †`‡ki gyw³ †mbviv hy× K‡i nvbv`vi‡`i Nv‡qj K‡i‡Qb| 5| Kviv Kviv GK n‡e?

DËi: kªwgK Ges K…lv‡Yiv GK n‡e| 6| BwZnv‡mi cvZvq Kv‡`i bvg wjLv _vK‡e?

DËi: huviv evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ hy× K‡i‡Qb, huviv i³ w`‡q‡Qb †mme kªwgK, K„lvY, gyw³‡mbv‡`i bvg BwZnv‡mi cvZvq †jLv _vK‡e|

c„ôv-7

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1| †Lvjvdv‡q ivwkw`b Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi: nhiZ gynv¤§` (m:) Gi g„Zz¨i ci †h PviRb Lwjdv n‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i‡K †Lvjvdv‡q ivwkw`b ejv nq| 2| nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) †K wQ‡jb?

DËi: nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) bwewRi wcÖq mvnvwe Ges gymwjg Rvnv‡bi cÖ_g Lwjdv wQ‡jb| ZvQvov wZwb gnvbwe (m:) Gi ¯¿x Av‡qkv (iv:) Gi wcZv wQ‡jb| 3| wZwb †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? Zuvi wcZvgvZvi bvg Kx? DËi: 573 wLªóv‡ã g°vi KzivBk es‡ki ZvBg †Mv‡Î wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Kznvdv Dmgvb Ges gvZvi bvg mvjgv| 4| cyiæl‡`i g‡a¨ †K cÖ_g Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib?

DËi: cyiæl‡`i g‡a¨ me© cÖ_g nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡ib| 5| gnvbwe (m:) †Kb gw`bvq wnhiZ K‡iwQ‡jb?

DËi: gnvbwe (m:) †K Kv‡diiv nZ¨v Ki‡Z PvB‡j wZwb Avjøvni Av‡`‡k Avey eKi (iv) †K m‡½ wb‡q gw`bvq wnhiZ K‡iwQ‡jb| 6| nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) µxZ`vm‡`i gy³ Ki‡Zb †Kb? DËi: nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) bwewRi gy‡L ï‡bwQ‡jb µxZ`vm gy³ Ki‡j A‡bK QIqve cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ wZwb µxZ`vm µq K‡i gy³ K‡i w`‡Zb| ZvB wZwb wb‡Ri A‡_© nhiZ wejvj (iv:) mn Av‡iv A‡bK µxZ`vm‡K µq K‡i gy³ K‡i‡Qb| 7| †Kvb hy‡×i mgq wZwb Zuvi mg¯Í m¤ú` wewj‡q †`b?

DËi: ZveyK hy‡×i mgq wZwb Zuvi mg¯Í m¤ú` wewj‡q †`b| 8| ab m¤ú` wewj‡q †`qvi mgq bwewR (m:) Zuv‡K Kx wR‡Ám K‡ib?

DËi: bwewR AevK n‡q Avey eKi (iv:) †K wRÁvmv K‡ib, ÒZzwg N‡i Kx †i‡L G‡mQ?Ó 9| nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) K‡e g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib?

DËi: nhiZ Avey eKi (iv:) 634 wLªóv‡ã 23 AvM÷ g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| c„ôv-8

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

mvims‡¶c : ¯^vaxbZv Qvov Rxe‡bi c~Y©Zv Av‡m bv| Rxe‡bi mv_©KZvi m‡½ ¯^vaxbZvi myL RwoZ| Hk¦h© KLbB ¯^vaxbZvi myL †`q bv| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ A‡bK Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq| A‡b¨i †`Iqv ¯^vaxbZv KLbB h_v_© ¯^vaxbZv bq& wb‡Ri AwR©Z ¯^vaxbZvB cÖK…Z ¯^vaxbZv| GwU AR©‡b Ges i¶vq mK‡ji cÖ‡Póv _vKv DwPZ| 1.

kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv : kã A_© A‡b¨i Aax‡b bv _vKv, ¯^vaxbZv Aeva myL Avivg Nvm, cvZv ev Lo w`‡q Kzu‡o Ni •Zix †QvU Ni eovB †M․ie, evnv`ywi AÆvwjKv cvKv evwo, `vjvb †KvVv Lvmv PgrKvi, DËg

evK¨ 1971 mv‡j jvL jvL cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i‡Q| myL jv‡fi Avkvq gvbyl Kó K‡i| MÖv‡g A‡bK Kzu‡o Ni †`Lv hvq| Ab_©K eovB Kiv fvj bq| wekvj wekvj AÆvwjKv gv_v DPzu K‡i `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| KweZvwU Lvmv, Ave„wË Ki‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M|

2.

hy³eY© wP‡b †bB Ges bZzb kã •Zwi Kwi : ¯^vaxbZv Ñ ¯^ = m + e Ñ djv (e) ¯^v`, ¯^xq wkí Ñ í = j + Mí, ¯^í AÆvwjKv Ñ Æ = U + U VvÆv, PÆjv

3.

weivgwP‡ýi e¨envi wkwL : `uvwo [ | ] = eveyB evmv eyb‡Z cv‡i| Kgv [ , ] = †iv`, e„wó, S‡o, eveyB Kó K‡i| cÖkœwPý [ ? ] = eveyB cvwL wK g‡b g‡b Kó cvq?

DׄwZwPý [ Ò Ó ] = eveyB‡K †W‡K Po”B cvwL e‡j, ÒKzu‡o N‡i †_‡K Zzwg wk‡íi eovB Ki|Ó

4.

cÖkœ DËi :

cÖkœ K. Po–B cvwL‡K †W‡K wK ej‡Q ?

DËi : Po”B eveyB cvwL‡K †W‡K ej‡Q eveyB cvwL Kzu‡o N‡i _v‡K A_P †m Zvi •kwíK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †M․ie †eva K‡i wKšÍy cvwLi G K_v ejv DwPZ bq Kvi‡Y †m A‡b¨i evwo‡Z evm K‡i|

c„ôv-9

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

cÖkœ L. Po–B cvwL eveyB cvwLi wK‡mi Kó cvIqvi K_v ej‡Q? DËi : Po”B cvwL g‡b K‡i eveyB cvwL wb‡Ri nv‡Z Mov †QvÆ †h Kzu‡o N‡i _v‡K †mLv‡b †m †iv`, e„wó, So mn¨ K‡i| Po”B cvwL eveyB cvwLi GB K‡ói K_vB e‡j‡Q| cÖkœ M. eveyB †Kv_vq †_‡K eovB K‡i?

DËi : eveyB cvwL Zvi wb‡i Mov evmvq †_‡K eovB K‡i| cÖkœ N. eveyB cvwL wK‡mi eovB K‡i?

DËi : eveyB cvwL Zvi wbR nv‡Z Lo Kz‡Uv w`‡q •Zix Kiv KviæKvh© Øviv wbwg©Z evmv wb‡q eovB K‡i| cÖkœ O. Po–B †Kv_vq gnvmy‡L _v‡K? DËi : Po”B A‡b¨i AÆvwjKvi Dc‡i gnvmy‡L evm K‡i| cÖkœ P. Kó †c‡jI eveyB cvwLi `ytL †bB †Kb? DËi : Kó †c‡jI eveyB cvwLi `ytL †bB KviY †m Zvi ¯^xq K‡g©i gva¨‡g Zvi Ni •Zix K‡i‡Q| 5.

6.

wecixZ kã wjL : ¯^vaxbZv

civaxbZv

Kó

Avivg

cvKv

KuvPv

myL

`ytL

Wvb cv‡ki As‡ki m‡½ wVK wVK wgjvB : K. Kzu‡o N‡i _vwK Ki wk‡íi eovB,

AÆvwjKv

L. Avwg _vwK gnvmy‡L AÆvwjKv c‡i|

m‡›`n

M. Zzwg KZ Kó cvI †iv`, e„wó, S‡o |

wb‡Ri

N. eveyB nvwmqv K‡n m‡›`n wK Zvq?

eovB

O. Kó cvB, Zey _vwK wb‡Ri evmvq|

e„wó, S‡o

P.

Mov †gvi

wbR nv‡Z Mov †gvi KuvPv Ni, Lvmv|

cvKv

c„ôv-10

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1| †gNbv †Kvb †kªYx‡Z co‡Q? DËi: †gNbv Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z co‡Q| 2| †g‡qi bvg †gNbv †K †i‡L‡Q? DËi: †g‡qi bvg †gNbv Zvi gv †i‡L‡Qb| 3| †gNbv Ô‡gNbvÕ bvgwU Kvi KvQ †_‡K ï‡b‡Q? DËi: †gNbv Ô†gNbvÕ bvgwU Zvi gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K ï‡b‡Q| Avevi Zvi †kªYxwk¶‡Ki KvQ †_‡KI †R‡b‡Q| 4| †K w÷gv‡i Po‡Z Pvq? DËi: †gNbv w÷gv‡i Po‡Z Pvq| 5| †Kv_vq †gNbv b`xi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q? DËi: fvi‡Zi Avmvg iv‡R¨ †gNbv b`xi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| 6| b`xi bvg †gNbv nq Kxfv‡e?

DËi: myigv b`xwU wm‡jU Qvwo‡q G‡m Kzwkqvivi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q †gNbv bvg aviY K‡i| 7| eivK b`xi `yB kvLvi bvg Kx? DËi: eivK b`xi `yBkvLvi GKwUi bvg myigv Ab¨wUi bvg Kzwkqviv| 8| †Kv_vq †gNbv I cÙv wgwjZ n‡q‡Q? DËi: Puv`cy‡ii Kv‡Q cÙv I †gNbv b`x GKmv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| 9| †Kvb DcmvM‡i †gNbv wgwj‡Q? DËi: e‡½vcmvM‡i G‡m †gNbv wg‡j‡Q| 10| †gNbvi Rjc_ e¨¯Í †Kb? DËi: †gNbv b`x‡Z cÖwZw`b eû jÂ, w÷gvi, gvjevnx Rjhvb Avi AmsL¨ †QvU eo †b․Kv PjvPj K‡i e‡j †gNbv Lye e¨¯Í _v‡K| ZvQvov †gNbvi ey‡K AmsL¨ †R‡j †b․Kv wb‡q iƒcvwj Bwjk aivq e¨¯Í _v‡K| c„ôv-11

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg 1|

kãv_© t DaŸ© Ñ Ic‡ii w`K MMb Ñ AvKvk gv`j Ñ †Xv‡ji gZ ev`¨hš¿ wb‡æ Ñ wb‡P DZjv Ñ e¨vKzj aiYx Ñ c„w_ex AiæY Ñ mKv‡ji m~h© cÖv‡Z Ñ mKv‡j Elv Ñ †fvi †ejv cÖfvZ Ñ mKvj UzUve Ñ fvOe wZwgi Ñ AÜKvi weܨvej Ñ weܨ ce©Z bexb Ñ bZzb mRxe Ñ m‡ZR, RxešÍ gnvk¥kvb Ñ g„Z‡`n †cvov‡bvi eo RvqM

2|

hy³eY© t DaŸ© wb‡æ weܨvPj gnvk¥kvb

Ñ aŸ© = †id ( © ) + a& + e Ñ djv (e), AbyaŸ© Ñ æ = g& + b Ñ Ü¨ = b& + a& + h Ñ djv (¨), mܨv Ñ k¥ = k& + g Ñ djv, Rxevk¥, Ak¥

3|

cÖkœ DËi :

K)

gv`j †Kv_vq ev‡R? DËi t KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg iwPZ Pj& Pj& Pj& KweZvq gv`j EaŸ© AvKv‡k ev‡R|

L)

Kwe Kv‡`i Pj‡Z WvK w`‡q‡Qb? DËi t GB c„w_exi AMÖMvgx ZiæY `j hviv c„w_ex‡K fwel¨‡Z AviI DbœwZi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡e| †mB me bZzb cÖv‡Yi bexb ZiæY‡`i Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg Pj‡Z WvK w`‡q‡Qb|

M)

Kviv wZwgi `~i Ki‡e?

DËi t †h me ZiæY`j RM‡Zi mKj wec`, Kó‡K AwZµg K‡i me evav wWwO‡q hv‡e ZvivB RM‡Zi me AÜKvi ev wZwgi `~i Ki‡e|

N)

weܨvPj Kx? DËi t weܨvPj n‡jv fvi‡Zi GKwU ce©‡Zi bvg| c„ôv-12

evsjv

4|

Av‡Mi PiYwU ewj K) EaŸ© MM‡b ev‡R gv`j wb‡æ DZjv aiYx Zj| L) Elvi `yqv‡i nvwb AvNvZ Avgiv Avwbe ivOv cÖfvZ M) be bex‡bi Mvwnqv Mvb mRxe Kwie gnvk¥kvb

c„ôv-13

Z…Zxq †kªwY

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

mvi ms‡¶c : KjveZx cvcjy‡`i †QvU MÖvg| MÖv‡gi cvk w`‡q e‡m hvIqv b`xi cv‡k e‡m ejveZxi nvU| Avi G nvU e‡m iweevi I e„n¯úwZevi| †kl we‡K‡j cvcjy‡K wb‡q †Rej PvPv nv‡U hv‡‛Qb| †Lvjv RvqMvq bvbv wRwbm wb‡q e‡m‡Q we‡µZviv| †jvKRb †mme wRwbm wKb‡Q| ZwiZiKvwii nv‡U i‡q‡Q bvbv ai‡Yi UvUKv ZwiZiKvwi| Pv‡ji nv‡U bvbv ai‡Yi Pvj wewµ †`‡L cvcjyi wewbœ av‡bi fv‡Zi K_v g‡b c‡o| gv‡Qi evRv‡i Am¤¢e wfo, †R‡jiv fv‡o K‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi gvQ wb‡q e‡m Av‡Q| nuvm gyiwM¸‡jvi Rvbv I cv `wo w`‡q euvav| my›`ifv‡e mvRv‡bv i‡q‡Q cvb mycvwii †`vKvb| avgv fwZ© i‡q‡Q UvUKv gywo| mv`v UvUKv gywo †`‡L gb f‡i hvq| AviI Av‡Q Kvgvi-Kz‡gvi‡`i †`vKvb| MvgQv we‡µZv MvgQv nv‡Z K‡i wewµ Ki‡Q| gqivi †`vKv‡b wewµ n‡‛Q wRjvwc| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z m~h© Wy‡e hvq| ejveZxi nv‡U R¡‡j I‡V AmsL¨v Kzwc (evwZ)| 1.

kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv : kã nvU ‣n-njøv †ejv c‡o G‡j UvUKv SuvR AvVv‡jv cvjv wgwn ¯^v` muvS

2.

A_© eû wRwbm †Kbv‡ePvi RvqMv wPrKvi we‡Kj n‡j ZvRv †ZR, †ewk MÜ PUP‡U cvwjZ AwZ wPKb †L‡Z gRvi mܨv

evK¨ Avgiv we‡K‡j nv‡U hve| †Zvgv‡`i •n-njøvq Avgvi Nyg †f‡O †Mj| ‡ejv c‡o G‡j Avgiv †Lj‡Z hve| nv‡U UvUKv ZwiZiKvix D‡V‡Q| KuvPv gwi‡Pi SvuR Av‡Q| UzKz AvVv‡jv fvZ †L‡Z Pvq bv| N‡i cvjv MiæwU‡K mevB Av`i K‡i| evev wgwn †mgvB wKb‡jb| G Mv‡Qi KuvVv‡ji ¯^v` †ewk| muv‡Si †ejvq evwo wdijvg|

hy³eY© wP‡b wbB : mßvn e„n¯úwZevi Zvov‡‛Q Ñ wewµ njøv R¡vjv wewbœ LywšÍ L‡Ïi ¯^v`

Ñ Ñ ‛Q Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ

ß = c& + Z ¸ß, jyß ¯ú = m& + c ¯úk©, ¯úó = P& + Q cvjv‡‛Q, †`Lv‡‛Q µ = P& + i-djv ( ª) †µZv, µq (Ab¨iƒc ÔµÕ) jø = j& + j cvjøv, gnjøv R¡ =R+e D¾¡j, R¡jR¡j bœ = b& + b Abœ, wfbœ šÍ = b& + Z R¨všÍ, `šÍ Ï = `& + ` †ivÏyi, †P․Ï ¯^ = m& + e ¯^‡`k, ¯^vaxb c„ôv-14

evsjv

3.

Z…Zxq †kªwY

eY© ewm‡q kã •Zwi : ¯^ Ñ ‛Q = ¯^‛Q ` Ñ šÍ = `šÍ R¡ Ñ i = R¡i g Ñ jø = gjø A Ñ šÍ = AšÍ

4.

cÖkœ DËi :

cÖkœ K. nvU †Kv_vq e‡m?

DËi : nvU mvaviYZ MÖv‡gi †Kv‡bv †Ljv RvqMvq, eo Mv‡Qi wb‡P A_ev Lvj ev b`xi Zx‡i †hLv‡b †µZv-we‡µZv mK‡jiB cY¨ mvgMÖx Avbv †bIqv Ki‡Z myweav nq †mLv‡b e‡m| cÖkœ L. †Kvb †Kvb w`b nvU e‡m?

DËi : MÖv‡g nvU mvaviYZ `yw`b e‡m| iweevi I e„n¯úwZevi mßv‡n G `yÕw`b KjveZxi MÖv‡g nvU e‡m| cÖkœ M. gvbyl KLb KjveZxi nv‡U hvq?

DËi : we‡Kj n‡j A_©vr †ejv †kl n‡q Avm‡Z _vK‡j gvbyl nv‡U hvq| cÖkœ N. †Rej PvPv nvU †_‡K Kx Kx wKb‡jb?

DËi : †Rej PvPv nvU †_‡K †e¸b, cUj, a‡bcvZv, KuvPvgwiP, •K gvQ, †QvU wPswo, mi‡li †Zj I mvevb wKb‡jb| cÖkœ O. †Kvb †Kvb Wvj nv‡U wewµ n‡”Q? DËi : KjveZxi nv‡U gyM, gmywi, †Lmvix, gvlKjvB BZ¨vw` bvbv ai‡Yi Wvj wewµ n‡‛Q| cÖkœ P. †Kvb Pv‡ji fvZ `ya I bvi‡Kj w`‡q †L‡Z gRv? DËi : wewbœ Pv‡ji fvZ `ya I bvi‡Kj w`‡q †L‡Z gRv| cÖkœ Q. evRv‡i †Kvb †Kvb gvQ D‡V‡Q? DËi : KjveZxi MÖv‡gi nv‡U ev evRv‡i •K, gv¸i, wks, †Usiv, cyuwU, †QvU wPswo BZ¨vw` gvQ D‡V‡Q| cÖkœ R. LB¸‡jv †`L‡Z †Kgb? DËi : LB¸‡jv †`L‡Z mv`v dz‡ji g‡Zv| cÖkœ S. gvwQ Zvov‡”Q †K? DËi : KjveZxi nv‡U ¸‡oi gUwK wb‡q e‡m ¸oIqvjv gvwQ Zvov‡‛Q| cÖkœ T. KLb Kzwc R¡‡j DVj? DËi : m~h© †Wvevi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kzwc R¡‡j DVj| c„ôv-15

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

mvims‡¶c: gvmygv kn‡ii †g‡q n‡jI †m kn‡ii A‡bK wKQz Rv‡b bv| AveŸv Av¤§vi mv‡_ †m kn‡i †ewo‡q‡Q wKš‘ PjvP‡ji ms‡KZ¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e Zvi Rvbv †bB| GKw`b †m Zvi gv‡qi mv‡_ wiKkvq †ewi‡q Rvbj iv¯Ívi wewfbœ ms‡KZ m¤ú‡K©| †Kvb Av‡jv R¡j‡j Mvwo P‡j, †Kvb Av‡jv R¡j‡j Mvwo _v‡g| Zxi wPý w`‡q Kx eySv‡bv nq| Kxfv‡e iv¯Ív cvi n‡Z nq| †j‡fj µwms Kx? 1|

kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv: kã A_© †Lqvj Kíbv, nuyk wiKkv AvovAvwo cvivcvi ms‡KZ

2|

evK¨ kn‡ii iv¯Ívq Pj‡Z n‡j ms‡KZ¸‡jv †Lqvj Ki‡Z n‡e| cv‡q PvwjZ wZb PvKvi gvmygv wiKkvq kni †`L‡Z †ewi‡q‡Q| Mvwo euvKvfv‡e w¯’Z Avgiv AvovAvwo iv¯Ív cvi njvg| Gcvi n‡Z Icvi Mgb ‡b․Kvq b`x cvivcvi Kiv nq| Bw½Z, Bkviv ms‡KZ †`‡L iv¯Ívi w`Kwb‡`©kbv cvIqv hvq|

cÖkœ DËi : K) gvmygv kn‡ii †g‡q n‡jI †Kvb welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b bv?

DËi: gvmygv kn‡ii †g‡q n‡jI kn‡ii iv¯Ívq PjvP‡ji ms‡KZ¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b bv| L)

gvmygv †Kv_vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q? DËi: gvmygv kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q|

M)

gvmygv Kv‡`i mv‡_ kn‡i †ewo‡q‡Q? DËi: gvmygv Zvi AveŸv I Av¤§vi mv‡_ kn‡i †ewo‡q‡Q|

N)

gvmygvi Av¤§v gvmygv‡K †Kvb welq¸‡jv wk‡L wb‡Z e‡jwQj? DËi: gvmygvi Av¤§v gvmygv‡K kn‡ii PjvP‡ji ms‡KZ¸‡jv wk‡L wb‡Z e‡jwQj|

O)

iv¯Ívq AvovAvwo mv`v `vMKvUv w`‡q Kx eySv‡bv nq?

DËi: iv¯Ívq AvovAvwo mv`v `vMKvUv w`‡q iv¯Ív cvivcvi eySv‡bv nq| GLvb w`‡q gvbyl iv¯Ív cvi nq|

c„ôv-16

evsjv

P)

iv¯Ívq KLb hvbevnb †_‡K hvq?

DËi: iv¯Ívi †cv‡÷ jvj evwZ R¡j‡j hvbevnb †_‡K hvq|

Q)

njy` Av‡jv R¡jvi A_© Kx? DËi: njy` Av‡jv R¡jvi A_© GKUz A‡c¶v Kiæb|

R)

KLb hvbevnb PjvPj ïiæ K‡i?

DËi: †cv‡÷ meyR Av‡jv R¡j‡j hvbevnb PjvPj ïiæ K‡i|

3| wecixZ kã wjL: kni



MÖvg

fv‡jv



g›`

Av‡jv



AÜKvi

R¡jv



†bfv

_vgv



Pjv

4| evg w`‡Ki k‡ãi mv‡_ Wvb w`‡Ki kã wgjvI: gvmygvi Rb¥ R¡j‡Q ms‡KZ¸‡jv ZxiwPý †`Iqv jvj Av‡jv cvK© †gv‡o †gv‡o dj‡K kn‡i iv¯Ívi Icv‡i wk‡L bvI DËi: gvmygvi Rb¥ kn‡i ms‡KZ¸‡jv wk‡L bvI jvj Av‡jv R¡j‡Q †gv‡o †gv‡o dj‡K ZxiwPý †`Iqv iv¯Ívi Icv‡i cvK©

c„ôv-17

Z…Zxq †kªwY

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

AZzj cÖmv` †mb kãv_©: †gv‡`i Mie Av gwi †ev‡j KZB Rv`y `uvo evDj

- Avgv‡`i - Me©, AnsKvi - Avnv gwi gwi!

- ev‡K¨, K_vq, fvlvq| - A‡bK, LyeB - gvqv, ek, Kivi kw³ - †b․Kv Pvjvevi `Ê, •eVv - GK †kªYxi msMxZ wkíx

evK¨ iPbv: wb‡R Ki A_ev eB †`L

2.

c‡ii PiY ewj I wjwL K) †gv‡`i Mie, †gv‡`i Avkv, Av gwi evsjv fvlv L) Kx hv`y evsjv Mv‡b!

Mvb †M‡q `uvo gvwS Uv‡b, M) †M‡q Mvb bv‡P evDj, Mvb †M‡q avb Kv‡U Pvlv \

3.

wb‡Pi kã w`‡q evK¨ •Zwi Kwi wb‡R Ki|

DËi ewj I wjwL K)

Ôevsjv fvlvÕ KweZvwU †K wj‡L‡Qb? DËi: Ôevsjv fvlvÕ KweZvwU wj‡L‡Qb AZzj cÖmv` †mb|

L)

evsjv fvlv wb‡q Avgiv Me© Kwi †Kb? DËi: evsjv Avgv‡`i gvZ…fvlv, cÖv‡Yi fvlv| GB fvlvq Avgiv Avgv‡`i g‡bi fve, Av‡eM, myL, `ytL, Avb›` cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvwi| evsjv fvlvq Avgiv Avgv‡`i kvwšÍ I fv‡jvevmv Luy‡R cvB| 1952 mv‡j mvjvg, iwdK, eiKZ cÖg~L GB fvlvi Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb| GB knx`‡`i ZvRv i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z fvlv w`em we‡k¦ AvšÍRv© wZK gvZ…fvlv w`e‡mi gh©v`v †c‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgiv evsjv fvlv wb‡q Me© Kwi| c„ôv-18

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

M.

gvwS `uvo Uvbvi mgq wK K‡ib?

DËi: gvwS hLb `uvo Uv‡b ZLb †m g‡bi my‡L Mvb Mvq|

N.

avb KvUvi mgq Pvlxiv wK K‡ib?

DËi: evsjv‡`‡k †ngšÍKvj dmj KvUvi mgq| G mgq m~‡h©i cÖLi †iv‡` Pvlxiv Zv‡`i K¬vwšÍ fy‡j I Mig †K D‡c¶v K‡i Avi avb Kv‡U Avi g‡bi Avb‡›` Mvb Mvq|

O.

Mvb MvBevi mgq evD‡jiv Avi wK K‡ib?

DËi: evsjvi evD‡jiv Mvb MvBevi mgq Zv‡`i SuvKov gv_vi eveix †`vjv‡bv Pzj ¸‡jv SuvwK‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i †b‡P †b‡P GKZviv nv‡Z Mvb K‡i|

P.

evsjv fvlv Avgv‡`i wcÖq †Kb? DËi: evsjv fvlv Avgv‡`i gy‡Li fvlv| GB fvlvi gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i g‡bi mg¯Í fve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvwi| G fvlv Avgv‡`i Me© Avgv‡`i Avkv| GB fvlvi †Kv‡j Avgiv g‡bi kvwšÍ Lyu‡R cvB| hv Ab¨ †Kvb fvlvq cvBbv| evsjv fvlv †K mgMÖ evOvjx RvwZ fv‡jvev‡m ZvB evsjv fvlv Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q G‡Zv wcÖq|

Q.

evsjv Mvb Kv‡`i Kv‡Q Lye wcÖq?

DËi: evsjv‡`k hv‡`i Rb¥f~wg, evsjv hv‡`i gvZ…fvlv Ges hviv evsjvq K_vq e‡j, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q evsjv Mvb Lye wcÖq|

c„ôv-19

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

mvims‡¶c: kvnvbv Avi Drm Avcb fvB‡evb| n‡jI Zv‡`i m¤úK© eÜzi g‡Zv| Zv‡`i evev Ab¨Î wk¶vKZv K‡ib weavq Zv‡`i cov‡jLvi `vwqZ¡ Zv‡`i gv‡qi Dci| me mgq †`Lvïbvi my‡hvM nq bv evevi| G R‡b¨B gv cÖwZw`b Zv‡`i ¯‥z‡j hvIqvi mgq wUwd‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i `yÕRb‡KB wKQz UvKv w`‡Zb Zviv `yÕR‡b eyw× K‡i GKwU gvwUi e¨vsK wKbj| Zviv e¨vsKwUi GKwU bvgI w`j Ò‡h․_ e¨vsKÓ wUwd‡bi UvKv †_‡K euvwP‡q cÖwZw`b Zviv wKQz UvKv e¨vs‡K †djZ| RGi mv‡_ Zv‡`i gvI gv‡S gv‡S †hvM w`‡Zb| eQi †k‡l Zviv gvwUi e¨vsKwU fvOj| e¨vs‡K †gvU †Zik c‡bi UvKv Rgv n‡q‡Q| K‡qKw`b c‡iB Zv‡`i evev evwo Avm‡jb| Zv‡`i gv‡qi Kv‡Q NUbv we¯ÍvwiZ ï‡b `yÕRb‡K Kv‡Q †U‡b Av`i Ki‡jb| `yÕR‡bi `yÕiK‡gi g‡bi K_v ïb‡jv| †gvU c‡biÕk UvKv n‡jv| evwo‡Z gyiwM cvjb Ki‡Z gv‡qi kZ© cvj‡b ivwR n‡jv| †jLvcovi †Kv‡bv iKg †eNvZ Pj‡e bv| gyiwM cvjb Avi¤¢ n‡jv| †`Lv †Mj Zv‡`i wnmve g‡Z eQ‡i cÖwZwU gyiwM 250 nB‡Z 275wU wWg w`‡q‡Q| Avevi evev evwo G‡jb| GLb AviI †ewk Drmv‡n KvR Avi¤¢ n‡jv d‡j kvnvbv Ges Dr†mi A‡bK mybvg n‡jv| Zviv Zv‡`i Avq †_‡K GKwU cvVvMvi •Zwi Kij| cvVvMvi •Zwi‡Z cvovi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv cvVvMv‡ii m`m¨ n‡jv| GKw`b Zviv AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb I wk¶K‡`i Avgš¿Y Rvbvj| Zuviv mevB kvnvbv I Dr†mi my›`i wPšÍvaviv I cvVvMvi †`‡L cÖksmv Ki‡jb| Zv‡`i GB K…wZ‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cÖksmvcÎ cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| cÖksmvc‡Î †jLv wQj ÒcvVvMvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ kvnvbv I Drm‡K GB cyi¯‥vi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jvÓ|

1| kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv: kã

2|

A_©

†h․_

GKÎ

cvVvMvi cyuwR civgk© K…wZZ¡ cyi¯‥vi

jvB‡eªix, MÖš’vMvi mÂq, Rgv hyw³, Dc‡`k Kvh©`¶Zv Dcnvi

evK¨ kvnvbv I Dr†mi gvwUi e¨vsKwUi bvg wQj Ô†h․_ e¨vsKÕ| cvVvMv‡i wM‡q eB cwo| AícuywR w`‡q kvnvbv gyiwM cvjb ïiæ K‡i| eo‡`i civgk© g‡Zv KvR Ki‡j mdjZv Av‡m| mšÍv‡bi K…wZ‡Z¡ gvZvwcZv Mwe©Z nq| cyi¯‥vi †c‡j mK‡ji fv‡jv jv‡M|

evg cv‡ki K_v¸‡jvi mv‡_ Wvb cv‡ki K_v¸‡jvi wgj Kwi kvnvbv c‡o Drm c‡o kvnvbv I Drm Zv‡`i evev GKRb Zv‡`i k‡Li KvR `ywU nj gv‡qi kZ© n‡jv wk¶‡Kiv Zv‡`i cÖ`vb K‡ib

Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ

PZz_© †kªYx‡Z Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z fvB †evb wk¶K gyiwM cvjb I cvwievwiK jvB‡eªix Kiv †jLvcovq Ag‡bv‡hvMx nIqv hv‡e bv| cÖksmv cÎ c„ôv-20

evsjv

3|

Z…Zxq †kªwY

hy³eY© †Q` Ki I bZzb kã MVb Ki t e¨w³MZ Ñ ³ = K + Z e³v, g³e msMÖn Ñ MÖ = M + i Ñ djv (& ª) AvMÖn, RvMÖZ ¯^Rb Ñ ¯^ = m + e Ñ djv (e) ¯^‡`k, ¯^RvwZ

4|

GK K_vq ewj wb‡Ri B‛Qv whwb civgk© †`b ‡Kvb wKQy‡Z gb †`q bv Ggb hv e¨envi Kiv nq bv

Ñ †¯^‛Qv Ñ civgk©`vZv Ñ Ag‡bv‡hvMx Ñ Ae¨eüZ

5|

cÖkœ DËi :

K)

kvnvbv I Drm Kx kL Kij? DËi t kvnvbv I Drm `yB fvB †evb wg‡j `ywU kL K‡iwQj| kvnvbv kL K‡iwQj †m GKwU cvVvMvi Ki‡Z Pvq †hLv‡b me gRvi Qov, Mí, KweZv, auvav, †QvU‡`i Mvb, Qwei eB, Avi KvU©y‡bi eB _vK‡e| Avi Drm kL K‡iwQj fv‡jv Rv‡Zi gyiwM cyl‡e|

L)

Zviv wKfv‡e gvwUi e¨vsKwU wKbj? DËi t kvnvbv I Drm †ivR GKmv‡_ ¯‥z‡j Avmv hvIqv K‡i| Zviv `yB fvB †evb GK‡Î gv‡qi †`Iqv wUwd‡bi cÖwZw`‡bi UvKv †_‡K wKQy UvKv euvwP‡q gvwUi e¨vsKwU wKbj|

M)

e¨vs‡K Kxfv‡e UvKv ivLj? DËi t wUwd‡bi UvKv †_‡K wKQy UvKv euvwP‡q Zviv e¨vs‡K ivLZ| GQvovI Zv‡`i gv cÖvqB Zv‡`i e¨vs‡K wmwK, Avaywj, GKUvKv, cuvP UvKvi gy`ªv ivLZ| Gfv‡eB Zviv e¨vs‡K UvKv ivLj|

N)

e¨vsKwUi Kx bvg wQj? DËi t e¨vsKwUi bvg wQj Ô‡h․_ e¨vsKÕ|

O)

Zv‡`i e¨vs‡K †gvU KZ UvKv Rgv nj?

DËi t Zv‡`i e¨vsKwU †f‡O †`Lv †Mj †gvU GK nvRvi wZbkZ c‡bi UvKv Rgv n‡q‡Q|

P)

cvVvMv‡ii eB †Kv_v †_‡K msMÖn Kiv n‡jv?

DËi t kvnvbv I Drm Zv‡`i evevi cÖ¯vÍ ‡e XvKvq wM‡q evsjv GKv‡Wgxi Av‡qvwRZ GKz‡k eB‡gjv †_‡K Zv‡`i cQ›`gZ eB wK‡b G‡bwQj Avi GB cÖwµqvq Zviv Zv‡`i cvVvMv‡ii eB msMÖn K‡iwQj|

Q)

XvKvq wM‡q Zviv Kx Kx †`Lj? DËi t kvnvbv I Drm Zviv Zv‡`i gv‡qi mv‡_ XvKvq wM‡q wPwoqvLvbv, Rv`yNi I wkïcvK© †`‡L wQj|

R)

Kviv cvVvMv‡ii m`m¨ nj?

DËi t kvnvbv I Drm `yB fvB‡ev‡bi mncvVxiv I cvovi †Q‡j †g‡q cÖvq mevB Zv‡`i cvVvMv‡ii m`m¨ n‡qwQj|

S)

Kvi civg‡k© Zviv gyiMx cvj‡bi KvR ïiæ Kij? DËi t Zviv Zv‡`i evevi civg‡k© gyiMx cvj‡bi KvR ïiæ Kij| c„ôv-21

evsjv

1|

hy³eY© wP‡b wbB I bZzb kã cwo: ågb Ñ å cÖwZ Ñ cÖ wKš‘ Ñ š‘ AvcwË Ñ Ë Ae¯’v Ñ ¯’v Ac©v Ñ c© iv¯Ív Ñ ¯Í B‡‛Q Ñ ‛Q kªxnÆ Ñ Æ ¯^cœ Ñ ¯^ ¯‥zj Ñ ¯‥ Kb¨v Ñ b¨ MÖx®§ Ñ MÖ fx®§ Ñ ®§ `xN© Ñ N© eÜ Ñ Ü g‡a¨ Ñ a¨ ev· Ñ · ‡÷kb Ñ ÷ j¤^v - ¤^ BwÄb - Ä hy³ - ³ wewµ - µ D‡ëv - ë `yfv© Mv - f© we¯§q - ¯§ ce©Z - e© `k©b - k© `„k¨ - k¨ VvÊv - Ê R¡i - R¡ ev›`v - ›` hvÎv - Î

‡Uªb Ñ Uª = U + i Ñ djv (& ª) UªvK = f& + i Ñ djv (& ª) åvZv = c + i Ñ djv (& ª) cÖfvZ = b + Z + y Rš‘ = Z + Z wPË = m + _ + v Ñ Kvi ¯’vb = © (†id) + c `c© = m + Z m¯Ív = P& + Q Av‛Qv = U& + U VvÆv = m + e djv ¯^Rb = m + K we¯‥zU = b& + ¨ djv eb¨v = M + i Ñ djv (& ª) AvMÖn = l& + g Ñ djv MÖx®§ = © (†id) + N AN© = b& + a MÜ = a& + ¨ djv mva¨ = K& + mÑdjv U¨v· = m& + U ÷vi = g + e nv¤^v = T + R MÄ = K& + Z wei³ = K + i ( ª) djv eµ = j + U cvëv = © (†id) + f `yfv© M¨ = m& + g - djv f¯§ = © (†id) + e me© = © (†id) + k ek©v = k& + ¨ (djv) ek¨ = Y& + W gÊv = R + e-djv (e) R¡jv = b& + ` m‡›`k = Z + i ( ª) djv cwÎKv c„ôv-22

Z…Zxq †kªwY

evsjv

av°v - ° wb`ªv - `ª m~h© - h© we`y¨r - `¨ eRª - Rª el©v - l© e„wó - ó U¨vw· - U¨ gMœ - Mœ Mí - í Zxeª - eª Kvbœv - bœ e¨vM - e¨ †kªYx - kª ev‛Pv - ‛P ¯^i - ¯^ NÈv - È Avi¤¢ - ¤¢ msL¨v - L¨ cÂvk - Â

Z…Zxq †kªwY

= K& + K g°v = ` + i ( ª) djv `ªæZ = © (†id) + h Kvh© = `& + ¨ djv we`¨v = R& + i ( ª) djv eRªvmb = © (†id) + l nh© = l& + U Kó = U + ¨ (djv) U¨viv = M& + b jMœ = j& + c Kíbv = e + i ( ª) djv †Reªv = b& + b cvbœv = e + ¨ djv e¨vO = k + i ( ª) djv wekªvg = P& + P D‛P = m& + e-djv ¯^vaxb = Y& + U eÈb = g& + f `¤¢ = L& + ¨ djv weL¨vZ = T& + P AÂj

2|

DËi ewj I wjwL:

K)

Ac©v Kvi mv‡_ PÆMÖvg †Mj? DËi t Ac©v Zv‡`i evwo‡Z †eov‡Z Avmv Zvi †QvU Lvjv wjwci mv‡_ PÆMÖv‡g Zvi bvbvi evwo‡Z †Mj|

L)

Ac©v †hw`b PÆMÖvg †Mj †mw`b AvKv‡ki Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj? DËi t Ac©v †hw`b PÆMÖvg wM‡qwQj †mw`b AvenvIqvi Ae¯’v Lye †ewk fvj wQj bv| AvKv‡k †gN wQj| m~h© †`Lv hvw‛Qj bv| we`y¨r PgKvw‛Qj I eRªcvZ nw‛Qj| hw`I el©vKvj wQj bv ZeyI mKv‡j GK ckjv e„wó n‡qwQj| me wgwj‡q ejv hvq †mw`b AvKv‡ki Ae¯’v Ac©v‡`i AbyKy‡j wQj bv|

M)

†Uª‡b Kvgivi m‡½ BwÄb jvMvi mgq Kx nq?

DËi t †Uª‡b Kvgivi m‡½ hLb BwÄb jv‡M ZLb †Uª‡b GKUy av°v jv‡M| mgMÖ †Uªb †Ku‡c I‡V|

N)

†Uª‡b hvIqvi c‡_ Ac©v Kx Kx †`Lj? DËi t †Uª‡b PÆMÖvg hvIqvi c‡_ Ac©v Rvbvjv w`‡q †`Lj †jvKRb, evwoNi, MvQcvjv mewKQy †cQ‡b †d‡j †Uªb mvg‡bi w`‡K `ªæZ hvw‛Qj| moK w`‡q †gvUi Mvwo hv‡‛Q| Ac©v †mB Mvwoi msL¨vI ¸Yj| †m evB‡ii w`‡K `„wó w`‡q †`Lj meyR avb‡¶Z, AviI `~‡i meyR e„¶, b`x, `~‡i mvwi mvwi cvnvo gv_v DuPz K‡i `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| Zvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q we¯§qKi †h `„k¨ wQj Zv n‡jv mgy`ª| Gme cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ Ac©v †h‡Z †h‡Z †`LwQj| c„ôv-23

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

O)

†UªbwU †Kvb b`xi Ici w`‡q †Mj? DËi: †UªbwU †gNbv b`xi Ici w`‡q †Mj|

P)

µwms gv‡b Kx? DËi: †Uªb †h c‡_ P‡j Zvi D‡ë w`K †_‡K Av‡iKwU †Uªb hLb Av‡m ZvB µwms|

Q)

Ac©vi Nyg fvwO‡q wjwc Lvjv Zv‡K Kx †`Lv‡jb?

DËi: Ac©vi Nyg fvwO‡q wjwc Lvjv Zv‡K PÆMÖv‡gi mvwi mvwi ÔcvnvoÕ †`Lv‡jb| †mBme cvnvo †hb AvKvk ¯úk© KiwQj| Avi †`Lv‡jb Ac©vi †Pv‡L Av‡iK A‡c¶gvb `„k¨ Ômgy`ªÕ|

R)

PÆMÖvg hvIqvi c‡_ †Kvb †Kvb †÷k‡b †Uªb _vgj?

DËi: PÆMÖvg hvIqvi c‡_ ÔAvïMÄ I KzwgjøvÕ G `ywU †÷k‡b †Uªb †_‡gwQj|

3.

GKB eY© wØZ¡ n‡j Zv‡K e‡j hyM¥ eY©: g + g = ¤§, (Av¤§v) e& + e = eŸv, (AveŸv) wfbœ eY© mshy³ n‡j Zv‡K e‡j hy³eY© ejv nq: K& + Z = ³, (hy³) M& + g = M¥, (hyM¥)

c„ôv-24

evsjv

1.

kãv_© _vbv BDwbqb †Rjv wefvM RvZxqZv ¯^v¶i

= K‡qKwU BDwbqb wb‡q GKwU _vbv nq| = K‡qKwU MÖvg wb‡q GKwU BDwbqb nq| = K‡qKwU _vbv wb‡q GKwU †Rjv nq| = K‡qKwU †Rjv wb‡q GKwU wefvM nq| = RvwZMZ cwiPq = mB, `¯ÍLZ

evK¨iPbv: wb‡R Ki A_ev eB †`L 2.

evsjv‡`‡ki wZbwU †Rjvi bvg ewj I wjwL DËi: K) XvKv L) bvivqYMÄ M) MvRxcyi

3.

evsjv‡`‡ki `ywU wefv‡Mi bvg ewj I wjwL DËi: K) XvKv L) PÆMÖvg

c„ôv-25

Z…Zxq †kªwY

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

KymygKzgvix `vk mvims‡¶c: ZiæY‡`i MwZ `ye©vi, w`‡K w`‡K beRvMi‡Yi WvK G‡m‡Q| ZiæY‡`i mKj‡K GwM‡q Pjvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡‛Q| Zviv AÜKvi `~i K‡i ivOv cÖfv‡Zi m~Pbv Ki‡e| Zviv mKj euvav AwZµg K‡i m¤§y‡L GwM‡q hv‡e| 1.

2.

kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv: kã A_© Av`k© Abymibxq, †g‡b Pjvi †hvM¨ K‡e KLb ej kw³ †ZR kw³, †Rvi cY cÖwZÁv, kc_ †PZbv Ávb, †eva LvU cwikªg Kiv Kj¨vY g½j, fv‡jv

ey‡S wbB K_vq eo nIqv Kv‡R eo nIqv †Z‡R fiv gb gvbyl nB‡Z n‡e wg‡Q †Kb fq? †PZbv i‡q‡Q hvi †m wK c‡o iq? †`‡ki Kj¨vY gv_v Ny‡i hvq

3.

evK¨ AviRy evev I gv‡qi Av`k© †Q‡j| K‡e Zzwg Avm‡e? fv‡jv K‡i LvI, †`‡n ej evovI| Avgvi eo fvB‡qi g‡bi †ZR Lye †ewk| †m cY K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvi fv‡jv KvR Kivi †PZbv Av‡Q| Lye LvUv n‡q‡Q, GLb wekªvg bvI| †m †`‡ki Kj¨vY Ki‡Z Pvq|

- gy‡L eo K_v ejv, Avùvjb Kiv| - KvR K‡i mdj nIqv I L¨vwZ AR©b Kiv| - g‡bi g‡a¨ †Rvi _vKv| - gvby‡li ¸Y AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| - f‡qi †Kvb KviY †bB, fq wg_¨v| - hvi †fZ‡i fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ZvwM` Av‡Q| - †m Ajm n‡q _v‡K bv| - †`‡ki fv‡jv| - w`‡knviv n‡q hvq|

evK¨ iPbv Kwi gvbyl wec` kixi †PZbv Kj¨vY

    

gvbyl m„wói †miv Rxe| †n cÖfy! Zzwg Avgv‡K wec` †_‡K i¶v Ki| Avgvi kixi fv‡jv †bB| Zvi fv‡jv KvR Kivi †PZbv Av‡Q| †m †`‡ki Kj¨vY Ki‡Z Pvq| c„ôv-26

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

4.

cÖkœ DËi:

K.

†Q‡j eo n‡e wK‡m?

DËii: Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †Q‡j hLb †m ïay Zvi gy‡Li K_vq bq eis Zvi gnr Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wb‡Ri †kªôZ¡ cÖgvY Ki‡e ZLb †m eo n‡e|

L.

†Q‡ji cY Kx? DËi: gy‡L nvwm †i‡L, ey‡K ej †i‡L me mgq gb‡K kw³‡Z c~Y© ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Ôgvbyl n‡Z n‡eÕ-GB n‡jv †Q‡ji cY|

M.

†K c‡o _v‡K bv?

DËi: †h gvbyl i³-gvsm-cÖvY Øviv Mov | kix‡i hvi †ZR Av‡Q, wec` Avm‡j GwM‡q hvq, Ah_v †Kvb wKQz‡K fq cvq bv- Ggb †eva †h †Q‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, †m KL‡bv c‡o _v‡K bv|

N.

†Kvb †Q‡j‡K mevB Pvq? DËi: †h †Q‡j ey‡K mvnm, g‡b kw³ †i‡L wec‡` GwM‡q hvq| K_vq- Kv‡R mr _v‡K| †h wek¦vm K‡i Zv‡K eo n‡Z n‡e, gvbyl n‡Z n‡e| Ggb †Q‡j‡K mevB Pvq|

O.

†`‡ki Kj¨vY KLb n‡e?

DËi: Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †Q‡jiv hLb eo n‡q, gvbyl n‡q, mKj evav AwZµg K‡i †`k‡K DbœwZi c‡_ GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e ZLb †`‡ki Kj¨vY n‡e|

P.

Av`k© †Q‡ji ¸Y Kx Kx? DËi: Av`k© †Q‡ji †hme ¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e †m ¸‡jv n‡jv- Zvi ey‡K ej _vK‡e, g‡b mvnm _vK‡e, mr n‡Z n‡e, wec‡` GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e, mZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wcQ cv n‡e bv, mKj‡K kª×v I m¤§vb Ki‡e| m‡ev©cwi †`k I RvwZi Rb¨ g½jRbK KvR Ki‡e|

c„ôv-27

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1. kãv_© : û‡jøvo  `j †e‡ua Avb›` Kiv| bRi  `„wó, g‡bv‡hvM| Aciƒc  Avðh©, PgrKvi, A™¢yZ| `„k¨  `k©bxq, hv †`Lv hvq| AvK…ó  gy», Kv‡Q Uvbv| †iLv  `vM, j¤^v wPý| wPÎ  Qwe, bKkv| gy»  wenŸj, Lye fv‡jv jvMv, AvZ¥nviv| wkíx  whwb wkí PP©v K‡ib| †hgb- MvqK, bvqK, wPÎKvi, bZ©K| eyfy¶z  ¶zavZ©, hvi †c‡U Lvevi †bB| jvk  g„Z‡`n| fqven  fxlY, fqsKi, fq cvIqvi g‡Zv| e¨vcK  eû, A‡bK| Ae`vb  gnr KvR, fv‡jv KvR| cÖvPxb  cyi‡bv, †m‡K‡j| mgvwa  Kei| 2. evK¨ iPbv Ki : wb‡R Ki A_ev eB †`L| 3. mwVK Dˇii Ic‡i wUK wPý () w`B K) Rqby‡ji AuvKv wmwiR Qwei wk‡ivbvg Muv‡qi ea~/ `ywf©¶/ So| L) MÖvg-evsjvi Drme wb‡q AuvKv Qwei bvg gv/ we‡`ªvnx/ bevbœ| M) fqven N~wY©So I R‡jv‛Q¡vm wb‡q AuvKv Qwei bvg gbcyiv: 70/ ¸bUvbv/ muvIZvj igYx| N) Rqbyj XvKv AvU© K‡jR cÖwZôv K‡ib 1948/ 1970/ 1976 mv‡j| O) Rqbyj †jvKwkí Rv`yNi I Kviæwkí cjøx Mo‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Kzwgjøvq/ PÆMÖv‡g/ †mvbviMvu‡q/ wm‡j‡U| 4. wecixZ kã wjwL I wkwL : `„k¨  wb›`v  AvMÖn  Qvqv  cQ›`  ms‡KvPb 

A`„k¨ cÖksmv AbvMÖn Av‡jv AcQ›` cÖmviY c„ôv-28

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

5. cÖkœ DËi : K) Qwe AvuKv †kLvi Rb¨ wZwb †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b fwZ© nb?

DËi : Qwe AvuKv †kLvi Rb¨ Rqbyj ÔKjKvZv AvU© ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nb| †KvjKvZv AvU© ¯‥z‡j covi mgq cÖwZwU cix¶vq Rqbyj K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq †`b| wZwb †kl cix¶vq cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| L) †K Zvui covi LiP †hvMvb? DËi : †QvU‡ejvq Rqby‡ji Qwe AvuKvi cÖwZ A`g¨ Drmvn I AvMÖn wQj| Qwe AvuKvi cÖwZ Zvui GB fv‡jvevmv †`‡L Rqby‡ji gv Zv‡K AvU© ¯‥z‡j fwZ© K‡i †`b Ges mšÍv‡bi g‡bi B‛Qv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡Ri Mjvi nvi wewµ K‡i covi LiP †hvMvb| M) Rqbyj Av‡ew`b KZ mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib?

DËi : wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b 1914 wW‡m¤^i wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| N) Zvui Rb¥ ¯’v‡bi bvg Kx? DËi : wPÎwkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi MÖv‡gi bvg †K›`yqv| O) Zvui wcZv I gvZvi bvg Kx? DËi : Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi wcZvi bvg ZwgR DwÏb Avng`| wZwb wQ‡jb _vbvi GKRb `v‡ivMv| Zvui gvZvi bvg wQj Rqbvey‡bœmv| P) Rqbyjiv Kq fvB‡evb wQ‡jb?

DËi : Rqbyjiv bq fvB‡evb wQ‡jb| Zvui g‡a¨ Rqbyj wQj fvB‡`i g‡a¨ eo| Q) RvZxq wPÎ cÖ`k©bx‡Z wZwb †Kvb c`K †c‡jb?

DËi : 1938 mv‡j RvZxq wPÎ cÖ`k©bx‡Z QqwU Rj is Qwei Rb¨ wZwb m¤§vb RbK cyi¯‥vi ÔMfb©‡ii ¯^Y©c`KÕ †c‡jb|

c„ôv-29

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

e‡›` Avjx wgqv bvg Rb¥ cwiPq wcZ…cwiPq mvwnZ¨ mvabv Rxebvemvb 1|

kãv_©: †m_v cvvVkvjv wKiY euvkSvo AvZ¥xq †nb iwe

: e‡›` Avjx wgqv : 15 wW‡m¤^i, 1906 wLªóvã, ivavbMi, cvebv| : wcZv gyÝx D‡g` Avjx : gqbvgZxi Pi, AbyivM, †gNKzgvix, g„Mcix, †evKv RvgvB, KzPeiY Kb¨v, †QvU‡`i bRiæj, wkqvj cwЇZi cvVkvjv BZ¨vw`| : Ryb 17, 1979 wLªóvã Ñ †mLv‡b| Ñ we`¨vjq| Ñ Av‡jv, Av‡jvK iwk¥| Ñ euv‡ki †Svc| Ñ AvcbRb, ¯^Rb, KzUz¤^| Ñ Ggb| Ñ m~h©|

2|

evK¨ iPbv Ki: †m_v Ñ †m_vq Av‡Q †gv‡`i †QvU Muv| cvVkvjv Ñ mKv‡j †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡qiv `j †eu‡a cvVkvjvq hvq| wKiY Ñ mKv‡ji iwe †mvbvi wKiY Qovq| euvkSvo Ñ mܨvi Av‡MB euvkSv‡o Auvavi bv‡g| AvZ¥xq Ñ Bwb Avgvi AvZ¥xq| †nb Ñ †nb KvR †bB, †m cv‡i bv| iwe Ñ †fvi †ejvq c~e© AvKv‡k iwe †`Lv hvq|

2|

wecixZ kã †jL: g~j kã Muv‡q Avcb weKvj cye AvZ¥xq Av‡jv

wecixZ kã kn‡i ci mKvj cwðg AbvZ¥xq Qvqv c„ôv-30

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

3| K)

cÖ‡kœvËi: †QvU Muv‡qi Ni¸‡jv †`L‡Z †Kgb? DËi: Kwe e‡›` Avjx wgqv iwPZ ÒAvgv‡`i MÖvgÓ KweZvi †QvU Muv‡qi Ni¸‡jv †`L‡Z †QvU †QvU|

L)

†mLv‡b mevB Kxfv‡e _v‡K? DËi: ÒAvgv‡`i MÖvgÓ KweZvq †QvU Muv‡qi mevB wg‡j wg‡k _v‡K| †KD Kv‡iv ci bq, mevB †mLv‡b AvZ¥x‡qi gZ _v‡K|

M)

†Q‡j‡g‡qiv GKmv‡_ Kx Kx K‡i?

DËi: ÒAvgv‡`i MÖvgÓ KweZvq cvovi mKj †Q‡j‡g‡qiv wg‡jwg‡k _v‡K| Zviv mevB GKmv‡_ †L‡j Avi cvVkvjvq hvq|

N)

†QvU MÖvgwU wK‡mi mgvb?

DËi: ÒAvgv‡`i MÖvgÓ KweZvq †QvU MÖvgwU‡K gv‡qi mgvb ejv n‡q‡Q| gv †hgb Avgv‡`i Rb¥ †`b, Av`i hZœ K‡i euvwP‡q iv‡Lb| †Zgwb †QvU MÖvgwUI Avgv‡`i Av‡jv-evZvm w`‡q euvwP‡q iv‡L, ZvB †QvU MÖvgwU‡K gv‡qi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

O)

Av‡jv Avi evqy Avgv‡`i Kx Kv‡R jv‡M? DËi: Av‡jv I evqy Qvov Avgiv euvP‡Z cvwi bv| Av‡jv I evZvm Avgv‡`i cÖvY euvPvq|

P)

w`wNi Rj †Kb wSwKwgwK K‡i?

DËi: ÒAvgv‡`i MÖvgÓ KweZvq w`wNi R‡j Puv‡`i wKiY †j‡M w`wNi Rj wSwKwgwK K‡i|

Q)

†mvbvi iwe KLb I‡V? †Kvb w`‡K I‡V? DËi: mKv‡j †mvbvi iwe I‡V| †mvbvi iwe c~e© w`‡K I‡V|

R)

mKv‡j Avi Kx Kx nq?

DËi: mKv‡j c~e©w`‡K †mvbvi iwe I‡V| GQvov mKv‡j cvwL Wv‡K, evqy eq Avi bvbv iK‡gi dzj †dv‡U|

4|

wgj Ly‡R †ei Ki: gvV fiv cye w`‡K I‡V Rjfiv †Lwj GKmv‡_ w`wN †mvbvi iwe avb DËi: gvV fiv Ñ avb| Rjfiv Ñ w`wN| GKmv‡_ Ñ †Lwj| †mvbvi iwe Ñ cye w`‡K I‡V| c„ôv-31

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

5|

†K Kx K‡i: cvwL Ñ Wv‡K| dzj Ñ †dv‡U| evqy Ñ eq| e„wó Ñ c‡o| dj Ñ d‡j| b`x Ñ eq| cvwL Ñ Mvq|

6|

c‡i PiYwU wgwj‡q †jL: K) cvovi mKj †Q‡j †gviv fvB fvB, GKmv‡_ †Lwj Avi cvVkv‡j hvB| L) Avgv‡`i †QvU MÖvg gv‡qi mgvb, Av‡jv w`‡q, evqy w`‡q euvPvB‡Q cÖvY| M) Avg MvQ, Rvg MvQ, euvk Svo †hb, wg‡j wg‡k Av‡Q Iiv AvZ¥xq †nb|

8|

†Kvb ¸‡jv MÖv‡gi Zv Luy‡R †ei Ki: cvVkvjv, wkïcvK©, Rjfiv w`wN, `vjvb‡KvVv, euvk Svo, Mvwo‡Nvov, gvVfiv avb, ivRc_| DËi: cvVkvjv, Rjfiv w`wN, euvkSvo, gvVfiv avb|

c„ôv-32

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

mvims‡¶c : Avgv‡`i RvZxq †Ljv nv-Wy-Wy| el©vi mgq G †Ljv MÖvgM‡Ä n‡q _v‡K| mnR, mij, Abvo¤^i I webv A_© e¨‡qi G †Ljvq i‡q‡Q cÖPzi Avb›` I D‡ËRbv| Zx¶èeyw×, w¶ßMwZ, cÖej kw³, `xN©¯’vqx `g, mr mvnm Ges mgq g‡Zv mwVK wm×všÍB G †Ljvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e Dc‡hvMx| G †Ljvq `ywU `j _v‡K| eviRb †L‡jvqvo wb‡q `j MVb Ki‡jI g~jZ mvZRb wb‡q †Ljv Ki‡Z nq| G †Ljvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q KZ¸‡jv wbw`©ó wbqg-Kvbyb| nv-Wy-Wy †Ljv kvixwiK e¨vqvg I ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ Lye Dc‡hvMx| MÖvgM‡Äi †Ljv n‡jI RvZxq I AvšÍRv© wZK ch©v‡q GwU GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Ljv| kãv_© I evK¨ iPbv : kã A_© DrKl© DbœwZ mej ejevb m¤§vb, mgv`i A‡bK Av`i AvenvIqv Rjevqy RbwcÖq mvavi‡Yi wcÖq D‡ËRbv DÏxcbv AvµgY nvgjv wec¶ weiæ× `j AvšÍRv© wZK mKj RvwZ m¤^Üxq

evK¨ kix‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ g‡bi DrKl© evovI| †Ljvayjv †`n‡K my¯,’ mej iv‡L| evwo‡Z AwZw_ G‡j Avgiv mgv`i Kwi| GLb AvenvIqv g›` bq| wµ‡KU GLb †ek RbwcÖq †Ljv| dzUej †Ljvq D‡ËRbv Av‡Q| evN nwiY‡K AvµgY Kij| wec¶ `j Av‡M †Mvj Kij| 21 †k †deªæqvwi AvšÍRv© wZK fvlv w`em|

cÖ‡kœi DËi : cÖkœ K| nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvq `yc‡¶i †L‡jvqvoiv Kxfv‡e `uvovq?

DËi : nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvq cÖ_‡gB †L‡jvqvo‡`i `ywU `‡j fvM K‡i wb‡Z nq| cÖwZ`‡ji †L‡jvqvoiv Zv‡`i `j‡bZv wbe©vPb K‡i| †bZvi Aax‡b `y`‡j mgvb msL¨K †L‡jvqvo _v‡K| gv‡Vi wVK ga¨Lv‡b `vM †K‡U KvV‡K `yfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| `yc‡¶i `y`j †L‡jvqvoiv `ycv‡k gy‡LvgywL Aa© e„ËvKv‡i `uvovq| cÖkœ L| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq †Ljv †KvbwU? DËi : evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq †Ljv nv-Wy-Wy| Gi Ab¨ bvg KvevwW| cÖkœ M| nv-Wy-Wy-i Ab¨ bvg Kx? DËi : nv-Wy-Wy-i Ab¨ bvg KvevwW| c„ôv-33

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

cÖkœ N| nv-Wy-Wy-i DrcwË ¯’vb †Kv_vq?

DËi : nv-Wy-Wy ev KvevwW evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯^ HwZn¨evnx GKwU MÖvgxY †Ljv| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib GB †Ljvi DrcwË dwi`cy‡i| Avevi †KD †KD Gi DrcwË ¯’j ewikvj e‡j _v‡Kb| cÖkœ O| †Kvb ai‡Yi gvV nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvi Dc‡hvMx? DËi : nv-Wy-Wy ev KvevwW n‡‛Q gy³ gv‡Vi Dc‡hvMx †Ljv| †h †Kvb cwi®‥vi-cwi‛Qbœ mgZj gvV G †Ljvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| cÖkœ P| nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvq KqwU `j _v‡K? DËi : nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvq `yBwU `j _v‡K| cÖkœ Q| †K nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvq Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e bv?

DËi : nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvq 80 wK‡jvMÖv‡gi †ewk IR‡bi †L‡jvqvo Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| cÖkœ R| †gvU KZ wgwbU a‡i nv-Wy-Wy †Ljv P‡j?

DËi : †gvU 45 wgwbU a‡i nv-Wy-Wy †Ljv P‡j| cÖ_g †Ljv nq 10 wgwbU, Gici 5 wgwbU nq wekªvg Ges me †k‡l cybivq 20 wgwbU †Ljv n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr 20 wgwbU + 5 wgwbU = 25 wgwbU| cÖkœ S| GK K_vq DËi `vI : (Wvb w`K †_‡K †e‡Q wbB) DËi hviv †L‡j mK‡ji wcÖq Ab¨ c¶ PZziZvi mv‡_ `ªæZZvi mv‡_

myPZzi †L‡jvqvo w¶cÖMwZ RbwcÖq wec¶

1. hviv †L‡j Ñ †L‡jvqvo 2. mK‡ji wcÖq Ñ RbwcÖq 3. Ab¨ c¶ Ñ wec¶ 4. PZziZvi mv‡_ Ñ myPZzi 5. `ªæZZvi mv‡_ Ñ w¶cÖMwZ

c„ôv-34

evsjv

1|

2|

Z…Zxq †kªwY

kãv_©: fwel¨r †h․_ eva¨Zvg~jK A‣eZwbK wbweo •kke D`¨vb

Ñ AvMvgx, AbvMZ| Ñ GKm‡½| Ñ Avek¨Kxq| Ñ webv †eZ‡b| Ñ Nwbô| Ñ wkïKvj| Ñ evMvb|

evK¨ iPbv: fwel¨r †h․_ eva¨Zvg~jK A‣eZwbK wbweo •kke D`¨vb

Ñ mevB Pvq wkï‡`i fwel¨Z D¾¡j †nvK| Ñ MÖv‡g AvRKvj A‡bK †h․_ Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| Ñ GLb †`‡k eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wk¶v Pvjy i‡q‡Q| Ñ MÖv‡g †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ Aóg †kªYx ch©šÍ A‣eZwbK wk¶v e¨e¯’v Pvjy n‡q‡Q| Ñ gv‡qi mv‡_ wkïi wbweo m¤úK© _v‡K| Ñ ‣kk‡e mevi Rb¨ †Ljvayjv `iKvi| Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq D`¨vb †`L‡Z Lye my›`i|

3| K)

cÖ‡kœi DËi: †hŠ_ cwiev‡i Kviv †e‡o I‡V? DËi: MÖvg evsjvi wkïiv †h․_ cwiev‡i †e‡o I‡V|

L)

Avw`evmx‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kviv?

DËi: Avw`evmx‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡‛Q- PvKgv, gwYcyix, Mv‡iv Ges muvIZvj|

M)

PvKgv‡`i fvlv †Kvb wjwc‡Z †jLv n‡q _v‡K? DËi: PvKgv‡`i fvlv ÔL‡gÕi wjwc‡Z †jLv n‡q _v‡K|

N)

Mv‡iv‡`i fvlvi bvg Kx? DËi: Mv‡iv‡`i fvlvi bvg Ôgvw›`fvlvÕ|

O)

wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Kv‡`i b„Z¨ †`‡L gy» n‡qwQ‡jb| DËi: wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi gwYcyix‡`i b„Z¨ †`‡L gy» n‡qwQ‡jb|

P)

fyUvwb wkï‡`i RvZxq †Ljv †KvbwU? DËi: fyUvwb wkï‡`i RvZxq †Ljv n‡‛Q abyK w`‡q Zxi †Quvov| c„ôv-35

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

Q)

fyUvwb‡`i we`¨vj‡q †Kvb fvlv Pvjy Av‡Q? DËi: fyUvwb wkï‡`i fvlvq •ewPÎ i‡q‡Q| ivóªfvlv ÔRsLvÕ fvlv we`¨vj‡q cÖPwjZ| Z‡e AvaywbK ¯‥zj ¸‡jv‡Z Bs‡iwR gva¨‡gI cov‡kvbv nq|

R)

†Kvb‡`‡ki wkï‡`i Kó K‡i fvlv wkL‡Z nq?

DËi: Px‡bi wkï‡`i Kó K‡i fvlv wkL‡Z nq|

S)

†Kvb †`‡ki wkïiv `j †eu‡a wkï D`¨v‡b hvq?

DËi: Rvcv‡bi wkïiv `j †eu‡a wkï D`¨v‡b hvq|

T)

Rvcv‡b RvZxq kixiPP©vi bvg Kx? DËi: Rvcv‡b RvZxq kixi PP©vi bvg nj ÔhyhyrmyÕ|

U)

†Kvb‡`‡k Pv evbv‡bvi Drme cvjb Kiv nq?

DËi: Rvcv‡b Pv evbv‡bvi Drme cvjb Kiv nq| GwU Rvcvwb‡`i we‡kl Drme| Pv ce©‡K ejv nq Pv-‡bv-qy|

4|

Wvb cvk †_‡K Dchy³ kã G‡b k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki: K) Z‡e PvKgv wkïiv †jLvcovq Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji Awaevmx‡`i †P‡q AMÖmi| L) gqgbwmsn †Rjvi Mv‡iv A‡ji †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡qiv gv‡qi cwiP‡qB eo nq| M) cÖvYešÍ I D‛Qj ¯^fv‡ei Pxbv wkïiv k„•Ljvi wel‡q LyeB m‡PZb| N) †ewkifvM gv_v Kvgv‡bv wkïiv P‡j‡Q wkï D`¨v‡b| O) Pv-ce©‡K Rvcv‡b ejv nq Pv-‡bv-qy|

c„ôv-36

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

Rmxg D`&`xb Kwe cwiwPwZ: Kwe Rmxg D`&`xb 1903 mv‡j 30†k A‡±vei dwi`cyi †Rjvi Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| MÖvg evsjvi cÖK…wZ I mvaviY gvby‡li Rxeb wb‡q wZwb KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| Zuvi KweZvq cjøx Rxeb †ewk D‡V G‡m‡Q e‡j Zuv‡K ejv nq ÒcjøxKweÓ| Z‡e wZwb A‡bK my›`i M`¨ I iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi †jLv ågY KvwnYx I AvZ¥Rxebx AZ¨šÍ my›`i| wZwb †QvU‡`i Rb¨ A‡bK my›`i †jLv wj‡L‡Qb| Zuvi weL¨vZ KweZv ÒKeiÓ I weL¨vZ Kve¨MÖš’ ÒbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÓ Ges Ò†mvRb evw`qvi NvUÓ| †QvU‡`i Rb¨ Zuvi †jLv ÒWvwjg KzgviÓ, ÒnuvmyÓ I ÒGK cqmvi euvwkÓ| wZwb 1976 mv‡ji 14B gvP© XvKvq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| 1|

2|

kãv_©: ev‡iK euvKv Pvgi †m_vq KzwUi muvS Avexi bvIqv m‡e bvI ¯^cb KBe evK¨ iPbv: ivLvj ev‡iK euvKv Pvgi †m_vq KzwUi muvS Avexi bvIqv m‡e bvI ¯^cb KBe

ivLvj Ñ †h Miæ Pivq| Ñ GKevi| Ñ eµ, †mvRv bq Ggb| Ñ Pgix Miæi †j‡Ri †jvg w`‡q •Zwi cvLv| Ñ †mLv‡b| Ñ Kuy‡o Ni, †QvU evwo| Ñ mܨv| Ñ Nb †Mvjvwc i‡Oi Muy‡ov| Ñ †Mvmj Kiv, øvb Kiv| Ñ GBgvÎ| Ñ †b․Kv, wWwO| Ñ ¯^cœ| Ñ eje| Ñ ivLvj Miæi cvj j‡q hvq gv‡V| Ñ †Q‡j evev‡K ev‡iK †`‡LB P‡j †Mj| Ñ GB c_ euvKv n‡q euv w`‡K †M‡Q| Ñ †gjv †_‡K GKUv Pvgi wKb‡Z PvB| Ñ cvVK †m_vq e‡m cuyw_ co‡Qb| Ñ MÖv‡gi KzwUi¸‡jv †ek my›`i| Ñ Avgiv †ivR muv‡Si †ejvq `vw`i Kv‡Q Mí ïwb| Ñ AvKv‡ki is †hb Avexi i‡O ivOv n‡q Av‡Q| Ñ bvIqv-LvIqv †m‡i G‡mv Qwe AvuwK| Ñ m‡e mܨv nj| Ñ †fvi‡ejv bvI wb‡q †Kv_vq hv‡‛Qb? Ñ Avwg ¯^cb †`‡L AevK n‡qwQ| Ñ Avwg KBe K_v g‡b g‡b| c„ôv-37

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

3| K)

cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi: ivLvj ‡Q‡j KweZvwU †K wj‡L‡Qb? DËi: ivLvj ‡Q‡j KweZvwU Kwe RmxgD`&`xb wj‡L‡Qb|

L)

Rmxg D`&`x‡bi †jLv Av‡iv `ywU KweZvi bvg ewj I wjwL| DËi: RmxgD`&`x‡bi †jLv Av‡iv `ywU KweZv nj Ógvgvi evwoÓ I ÒKeiÓ|

M)

ivLvj †Q‡j †Kvb c_ w`‡q hv‡”Q? DËi: ivLvj †Q‡j MÖv‡gi euvKv c_ w`‡q hv‡‛Q|

N)

MÖvgwU †`L‡Z †Kgb? DËi: MÖvgwU †`L‡Z bxj mey‡R †Niv| Kjvi cvZv †mLv‡b Pvgi †`vjvq Ges wkwki cv ayB‡q †`q| †mLv‡b mܨv †ejvq AvKvk Avexi i‡O iwOb n‡q I‡V| MÖv‡gi †QvÆ KzwUi ¸‡jv †mvbvi cvZvq †Q‡q _v‡K| ivLvj †Q‡ji eY©bvq MÖv‡gi GgbB iƒc dz‡U I‡V‡Q|

O)

Kjvi cvZv I wkwki Kx Kx K‡i| DËi: Kjvi cvZv Pvgi †`vjvq Ges wkwki cv ayB‡q †`q|

P)

mܨv‡ejvq KzwUiwU‡K †`L‡Z †Kgb jv‡M? DËi: mܨv †ejvq †mvbvi cvZvq QvIqv KzwUiwU‡K †`‡L g‡b nq †hb mܨvq AvKv‡ki Qwo‡q cov Avexi i‡O iwOb n‡q Av‡Q|

Q)

ivLvj‡Q‡ji gv †Kv_vq _v‡Kb? DËi: ivLvj †Q‡ji gv MÖv‡gi †QvÆ KzwU‡i _v‡Kb|

R)

ivLvj †Q‡j †Kv_vq †h‡Z Pvq? DËi: ivLvj‡Q‡j‡K ‡fv‡ii nvIqv, mi‡l dz‡ji cuvcwo WvK‡Q gv‡V hvIqvi Rb¨| ZvB ivLvj †Q‡j gv‡V †Lj‡Z †h‡Z Pvq|

S)

Nyg †_‡K †R‡M ivLvj †Q‡j Kx †`‡L? DËi: ÒivLvj †Q‡jÓ KweZvi ivLvj †Q‡j Nyg †_‡K †R‡M †`‡L Nv‡mi Dci S‡i civ wkwki we›`y ¸‡jv mKv‡ji wgwó †iv‡` nvm‡Q †hb Zvi mviv iv‡Zi ¯^cœB mKv‡j mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e dz‡U D‡U‡Q|

T)

ivLvj †Q‡j‡K †Ljv Kivi Rb¨ †K WvK‡Q? DËi: ivLvj‡Q‡j‡K †Ljv Kivi Rb¨ †fv‡ii nvIqv Ges mi‡l dz‡ji cuvcwo WvK‡Q|

c„ôv-38

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1| K)

cÖ‡kœi DËi: nvwjgv ¯‹zj †_‡K G‡m Kx Ki‡Z PvBj? DËi: weRq w`em Dcj‡¶ nvwjgv‡`i ¯‥z‡j Qwe AvuKv Avi n¯Íwk‡íi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡e| ZvB nvwjgv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ KvMR †K‡U Qwe AvuK‡Z PvBj|

L)

nvwjgv KvMR †K‡U Kx Ki‡e?

DËi: nvwjgv‡`i ¯‥z‡j weRq w`em Dcj‡¶ Qwe AvuKv Avi n¯Íwk‡íi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡e| ZvB nvwjgv wVK K‡i‡Q †m cÖ_‡g gyw³hy‡×i Qwe AvuK‡e Zvici Zv‡Z is Ki‡e| is Kivi ci KuvwP w`‡q †K‡U KvMR †_‡K Qwe¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Ki‡e|

M)

Qwe AvuKvq nvwjgv‡K †K mvnvh¨ Ki‡jb?

DËi: Qwe AvuKvq nvwjgv‡K Zvi evev I eo‡evb bvwmgv mvnvh¨ Ki‡jb|

N)

evev Zv‡K Kx Kx Qwe AvuK‡Z ej‡jb?

DËi: evev Zv‡K cÖ_‡g gyw³hy‡×i Qwe Zvici weR‡qi Qwe AvuK‡Z ej‡jb| GQvov cuwP‡k gvP© Mfxi iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb ‣mb¨iv evOvwj cywjk‡K ¸wj Ki‡Q Avi evOvwj cywjkiv i³v³ Ae¯’vq c‡o Av‡Q GB `„k¨, Zvici wZwb AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Qwe Ges mevi †k‡l weR‡qi Qwe AvuK‡Z ej‡jb|

O)

weR‡qi Qwe AvuKvi Av‡M nvwjgv †Kvb QwewU G‡uKwQj| DËi: weR‡qi Qwe AvuKvi Av‡M nvwjgv AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Qwe Gu‡KwQj|

2|

mwVK Dˇii Ic‡i wUK () wP‎‎ý `vI: K) gyw³hy‡×i Qwe Gu‡K nvwjgv Zv jvMvq  P‡Ui Kvc‡o/ wm‡éi Kvc‡o/ Zuv‡Zi Kvc‡o| L) nvwjgv cÖ_g QwewU Gu‡KwQj  25 †k gv‡P©i/ 16 wW‡m¤^‡ii/ exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§` †k‡Li| M) nvwjgv †kl QwewU Gu‡KwQj  wcjLvbvi/ weRq w`e‡mi/ cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi|

3|

weRq Djøv‡mi Qwe AvuKvi Av‡M nvwjgv Kx Kx Qwe Gu‡KwQj? DËi: weRq w`em Dcj‡¶ nvwjgv‡`i ¯‥z‡j Qwe AvuKvi I n¯Íwk‡íi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj| G cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ nvwjgv cÖ_‡g Gu‡KwQj gyw³hy‡×i Qwe Zvici G‡K G‡K nvwjgv Gu‡KwQj cuwP‡k gvP© Mfxi iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx wcjLvbvq ¸wj K‡iwQ‡j †mB QweUv, Iiv knx`wgbvi †f‡O †d‡jwQj †mB Qwe, ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi Qwe, AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Qwe Ges mevi †k‡l Gu‡KwQj weR‡qi Qwe| c„ôv-39

evsjv

1|

4| K)

kãv_©: k„½ giæ †giæ Rwic Avwe®‥vi Awfhvb Kej Abykxjb `yM©g Aa¨emvq we‡klÁ mgMÖ kZel© c`‡¶c inm¨ Eli †K․Z~nj m‡e©v‛P cwigvc AwfhvÎx Dcvq Aw·‡Rb D`MÖxe ‡kicv AvcøyZ AMÖMwZ

Z…Zxq †kªwY

Ñ wkLi, ce©ZP~ov| Ñ Rj I Dw™¢`k~b¨ wekvj RvqMv| Ñ c„w_exi DËi-`w¶Y †K›`ª †iLvi cÖvšÍ| Ñ Rwgi cwigvc| Ñ ARvbv wel‡qi mÜvb jvf| Ñ †Kv‡bv wKQy Avwe®‥v‡i `j †eu‡a hvIqv| Ñ MÖvm| Ñ PP©v, Af¨vm| Ñ †hLv‡b hvIqv KóKi, `ytmva¨| Ñ Aweivg †Póv| Ñ we‡kl wel‡q AwfÁ| Ñ mg¯Í, AvMv‡Mvov| Ñ GKk eQi| Ñ cv †djv, K`g| Ñ ARvbv †Kv‡bv wKQy| Ñ Abye©i| Ñ Rvbvi AvMÖn| Ñ me‡P‡q DuPz| Ñ gvcv, cwigvY wbY©q Kiv| Ñ `ytmvnmx Avwe®‥v‡ii Rb¨ hvÎv| Ñ †K․kj, Afxó c_| Ñ †g․wjK M¨v‡mi bvg| Ñ e¨MÖ, Lye AvMÖnx| Ñ ce©Zv‡ivnx| Ñ wm³, cøvweZ| Ñ GwM‡q hvIqv, Dbœqb|

cÖ‡kœi DËi: gvbyl wPiw`b Kx Kx †P‡qwQj? DËi: gvbyl wPiw`b ARvbv‡K Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Q| inm¨fiv c„w_ex‡K wPb‡Z †P‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ‡K †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Q| ZvB D‛PZg ce©Z, MfxiZg mvMi, Eli giæ, kxZj †giæ m¤^‡Ü gvby‡li †K․Z~nj wQj Amxg| c„w_exi D‛PZg k„“L Rq Kivi evmbvI Zvi †mB †K․Z~n‡jiB Ask| c„ôv-40

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

L)

ivavbv_ wkK`vi Kx KvR K‡iwQj? DËi: 1852 mv‡j f~wg Rwi‡ci KvR K‡iwQ‡jb evOvwj Awdmvi ivavbv_ wkK`vi| wZwb wngvj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz ce©Z k„½wU Avwe®‥vi K‡ib| wZwb GwUi D‛PZv cwigvc K‡iwQ‡jb 8,839 wgUvi|

M)

wngvj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz ce©Z k„½wU †K Avwe®‹v‡ii K‡ib?

DËi: wngvj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz ce©Z k„½wU Avwe®‥vi K‡ib evOvwj Awdmvi ivabv_ wkK`vi|

N)

Kvi bvgvbymv‡i k„½wUi bvgKiY Kiv nq?

DËi: weªwUk Avg‡j miKv‡ii Rwic wefv‡Mi cÖavb wQ‡jb m¨vi RR© Gfv‡i÷| Zvi bvgvbymv‡i GB k„½wUi bvgKiY nq Gfv‡i÷|

O)

wngvj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz GB ce©ZwUi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq?

DËi: wngvj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz GB ce©‡Zi Ae¯’vb †bcvj Avi wZeŸ‡Zi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq| wZeŸwZiv GB ce©Z‡K Kx e‡jb I †bcvwjiv GB ce©Z‡K Kx e‡jb?

DËi: wZeŸwZiv GB ce©Z‡K e‡jb †P‡gvjsgv I †bcvwjiv e‡jb mvMigvZv|

P) Q)

Gfv‡i÷ k„‡½i D”PZv KZ? DËi: Gfv‡i÷ k„‡½i D‛PZv nj 8839 wgUvi|

R)

ce©Z k„½wU Kx w`‡q MwVZ Ges †Kb ce©ZwU ¶q nq bv?

DËi: ce©Z k„½wU Pzbvcv_i w`‡q MwVZ| mviv eQi eid w`‡q XvKv _v‡K e‡j ce©ZwUi ¶q nq bv|

S)

Gfv‡i÷‡K Rq Ki‡Z gvby‡li KZ eQi †j‡M‡Q? DËi: Gfv‡i÷ Rq Ki‡Z gvby‡li GKk eQi †j‡M‡Q|

T)

Gfv‡i‡÷i m‡e©v”P P~ovq cÖ_g †K cv iv‡Lb? wZwb †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx?

DËi: Gfv‡i÷ m‡e©v‛P P~ovq cÖ_g cv iv‡Lb †kicv †ZbwRs †bvi‡M| wZwb †bcv‡ji Awaevmx|

P)

gvby‡li GKwU †QvÆ c`‡¶c gvbeRvwZi R‡b¨ Kx? DËi: gvby‡li GKwU †QvÆ c`‡¶c gvbe RvwZi Rb¨ wekvj AMÖMwZ|

5|

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wP‎‎ý `vI: K) wngvj‡qi me‡P‡q DuPz ce©Z k„½ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib†b‡cvwjqvb/ eª‡Rb `vm/ ivavbv_ wkK`vi/ m¨vi RR© Gfv‡i÷| L) Gfv‡i‡÷i D”PZv8,839 wgUvi/ 8,889 wgUvi/ 8,882 wgUvi| M) ce©Z k„½wU MwVZ n‡q‡QPzbvcv_i w`‡q/ jvj gvwU w`‡q/ Kv‡jv cv_i w`‡q| N) ce©Z k„‡½i m‡e©v”P P~ovq cÖ_g cv iv‡LbWv³vi/ Aw·‡Rb we‡klÁ/ †ZbwRs †bvi‡M/ GWgÛ wnjvwi| O) gvbyl Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡i‡Q19 †k †g 1953/ 29 †k AvM÷ 1953/ 29 †k †g 1953| P) GWgÛ cviwmfvj wnjvwi wQ‡jbwbDwRj¨vÛ/ †bcvj/ Bsj¨vÛ/ evsjv‡`‡ki Awaevmx| c„ôv-41

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

Avnmvb nvexe Kwe cwiwPwZ: Kwe Avnmvb nvexe 1917 wLª÷v‡ã wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi ksKi cvkv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wkï wK‡kvi‡`i Rb¨ wZwb cÖPzi Qov I KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| Zuvi KweZvi Q›` I kã mn‡RB gb Kv‡o, wZwb wQ‡jb †ckvq mvsevw`K, `xN©w`b bvbv cwÎKvi mvwn‡Z¨i cvZvi m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Òe„wó c‡o Uvcyi UzcyiÓ I ÒQywUi w`b`ycy‡iÓ Zuvi wkï‡Zvl Kve¨MÖš’| 1|

2|

kãv_©: †LjvNi wSwKwgwK bMi QvDwb Wvbv

Ñ wkïiv †Ljvi Rb¨ †h Ni •Zwi K‡i| Ñ wSKwgK Kiv, Av‡jvi PÂj cÖfv| Ñ eo kni| Ñ N‡ii Pvj| Ñ cvLv|

evK¨ iPbv: †LjvNi wSwKwgwK bMi QvDwb Wvbv

Ñ wkïiv evwj w`‡q †LjvNi •Zwii Avb‡›` †g‡Z D‡V‡Q| Ñ iv‡Zi AvKv‡k Zviv¸‡jv wSwgwgwK K‡i R¡j‡Q| Ñ XvKv gnvbM‡i A‡bK †jvK evm K‡i| Ñ Kwjg PvPv Lo w`‡q N‡ii QvDwb w`‡q‡Qb| Ñ CMj cvwL Wvbv †g‡j AvKv‡k I‡o|

3| K)

cÖ‡kœi DËi: †Kv_vq †LjvNi cvZv Av‡Q? DËi: Kwe Avnmvb nvex‡ei ÔiƒcK_vÕ KweZvq KvíwbK ¯^‡cœi wSwKwgwK AvuKv Ny‡gi †`‡k †LjvNi cvZv Av‡Q|

L)

†LjvN‡ii QvDwbi is Kx iKg? DËi: †LjvN‡ii QvDwbi is AvKv‡ki gZ bxj|

M)

Kx w`‡q i~cK_vi †LjvN‡ii †`qvj •Zwi? DËi: i~cK_vi †LjvN‡ii †`qvj cix‡`i Wvbv w`‡q •Zwi|

N)

Rvbvjvi Rvj †`L‡Z †Kgb? DËi: Kwei †Pv‡L i~cK_vi †LjvNiwUi Rvbvjvi Rvj cÖRvcwZi iwOb cvLvi gZ iwOb|

c„ôv-42

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

O)

Ny‡gi †`‡ki c_ †`L‡Z †Kgb? DËi: †QvU wkïiv Zv‡`i g‡bi D¾¡j ¯^cœ w`‡q †LjvNi •Zwi K‡i| Avi ZvB †LjvN‡ii mewKQyB Zv‡`i Kv‡Q iwOb| Zv‡`i Ny‡gi †`‡ki c_I ZvB iv‡Zi AvKv‡ki wSwgwgwK Kiv Zviv w`‡q •Zwi|

P)

mvZ fvB P¤úv Kxfv‡e ivZ KvUvq? DËi: mvZ fvB P¤úv Zv‡`i †QvU †evb cviæ‡ji nv‡Z nvZ †i‡L ivZ KvUvq|

Q)

Kwe Kxfv‡e P¤úveZxi †`k †Nvivi K_v e‡j‡Qb? DËi: Ôi~cK_vÕ KweZvq Kwe †Nvovq P‡o nv‡Z Zxi wb‡q P¤úveZxi †`k †Nvivi K_v e‡j‡Qb|

R)

†Kv_vq wKQy gvbv †bB? DËi: i~cK_vi †`‡k †Kvb wKQy‡ZB †Kvb gvbv †bB| GLv‡b wkïiv Zv‡`i B‡‛QgZ Zv‡`i †LjvNi mvRv‡Z cv‡i| i~cK_vi †`‡k me wKQyB wb‡R‡`i B‛QvgZ Kiv hvq|

4|

`yw`‡Ki K_v¸‡jv wgwj‡q co: †Pv‡Li cvZvq Nyg AvKv‡ki bxj is cix‡`i Wvbv w`‡q Zviv wSwKwgwK c_ mvZ fvB P¤úvi cÖRvcwZi is gvLv DËi: †Pv‡Li cvZvq Nyg AvKv‡ki bxj is cix‡`i Wvbv w`‡q Zviv wSwKwgwK c_ mvZ fvB P¤úvi cÖRvcwZi is gvLv

5|

Rvbvjvi Rvj S‡i SiSi Ny‡gi †`‡ki ‡K‡U hvq ivZ ‣Zwi †`qvj QvDwb‡Z Gi Ny‡gi bMi

Ñ S‡i SiSi| Ñ QvDwb‡Z Gi| Ñ ‣Zwi †`qvj| Ñ Ny‡gi †`‡ki| Ñ ‡K‡U hvq ivZ| Ñ Rvbvjvi Rvj|

bx‡Pi k㸇jv w`‡q evK¨ •Zwi Ki: wSwgwgwK Ñ wSwgwgwK †RbvwKi Av‡jv R¡‡j| SiSi Ñ eilvi SiSi e„wó S‡i| wgwUwgwU Ñ AvKv‡ki Zviv¸‡jv wgwUwgwU R¡j‡Q| `i`i Ñ `i`i K‡i Nvg Si‡Q| wPKwPK Ñ mgy‡`ªi Zx‡i evwj wPKwPK Ki‡Q|

c„ôv-43

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

1|

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki: K) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi ewikvj †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| L) Zuvi MÖv‡gi bvg iwngMÄ| M) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½x‡ii wcZvi bvg Ave`yj †gvZv‡je nvIjv`vi| N) wk¶‡Kiv gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi‡K LyeB †øn Ki‡Zb| O) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi Zuvi evevi K‡É gywk©w`, gvidwZ, evDj Mvb ïb‡Zb| P) wZwb 1967 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK GKv‡Wgx‡Z K¨v‡WU wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|

2|

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wP‎‎ý `vI: K) c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ívb wg‡j wQjfviZ/ cvwK¯Ívb/ †bcvj/ fyUvb| L) cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmbKZ©viv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡KKg/ †ewk/ mgvb ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Zb| M) cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †mbvevwnbx c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbixn gvbyl‡K AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb1971 mv‡ji 25 †k gvP©/ 21 †k †deªæqvwi/ 16 B wW‡m¤^i| N) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi 1971 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m wQ‡jbc~e© cvwK¯Ívb/ cwðg cvwK¯Ívb/ fvi‡Z| O) gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib †gvU20 Rb/ 30 Rb/ 50 Rb †hv×v wb‡q|

3| K)

cÖ‡kœvËi: gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi †Kvb gv‡mi KZ Zvwi‡L fvi‡Z Av‡mb?

DËi: gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi RyjvB gv‡mi 3 ZvwiL fvi‡Z Av‡mb|

L)

wZwb gyw³hy‡×i KZ b¤^i †m±‡i wQ‡jb?

DËi: wZwb gyw³hy‡×i 7 b¤^i †m±‡i wQ‡jb|

M)

7bs †m±‡i wZwb Kx wQ‡jb?

DËi: 7bs †m±‡i wZwb mve †m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb|

N)

Zuvi Awfhvb †Kv_vq wQj? DËi: Zuvi Awfhvb wQj PuvcvBbeveMÄ kn‡ii A`~‡i evi Nwoqvq|

]

c„ôv-44

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

4|

PuvcvBbeveMÄ kni `Lj Kivi NUbvwU wb‡Ri fvlvq ej I †jL| DËi: gyw³hy‡× gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi A‡bK¸‡jv mdj Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi †kl Awfhvb wQj PuvcvBbeveMÄ `Lj Kiv| wZwb G Awfhv‡bi †bZv wQ‡jb| gvÎ 50 Rb gyw³‡hv×v wb‡q wZwb G‡mwQ‡jb PuvcvBbeveM‡Äi A`~‡i evi Nwiqvq| 14B wW‡m¤^i mKvj AvUUvi mgq 20 Rb gyw³‡hv×v‡K mv‡_ wb‡q wZwb jovB ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv †b․Kvq K‡i gnvb›`v b`x AwZµg K‡iwQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbxi mv‡_ Zuv‡`i gy‡LvgywL hy× n‡qwQj| wZwb Zx¶èeyw× I †K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbx‡K †K․YVvmv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi evwnbxi mv‡_ Av‡iv 30 Rb †hv×v G‡m †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| PuvcvBbeveMÄ gy³ nIqvi w`bwU gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m GKwU ¯§iYxq w`b| GB hy‡× cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx civwRZ n‡qwQj|

5|

gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi Kxfv‡e knx` nb?

DËi: gwnDwÏb Rvnv½x‡ii †kl Awfhvb wQj PuvcvBbeveMÄ `Lj Kiv| wZwb GB Awfhv‡bi †bZv wQ‡jb| gvÎ 50 Rb gyw³‡hv×v wb‡q wZwb G‡mwQ‡jb PuvcvBbeveMÄ kn‡ii A`~‡i evi Nwiqvq 14B wW‡m¤^i mKvj AvUUvq 20 Rb gyw³‡hv×v‡K mv‡_ wb‡q wZwb jovB ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK evwnbxi mv‡_ Zuv‡`i gy‡LvgywL hy× n‡qwQj| Zvi evwnbxi mv‡_ Av‡iv 30 Rb †hv×v †hvM w`‡qwQj| GB hy‡× cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx civwRZ n‡qwQj| hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q G‡m k΂c‡¶i GKwU ¸wj gwnDwÏb Rvnv½x‡ii Kcvj †f` K‡i P‡j wM‡qwQj| mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvi g„Zz¨ nq| gyw³hy‡×i GB Amxg mvnmx exi †mB hy‡× knx` n‡qwQ‡jb|

6|

gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi‡K †Kv_vq Kei †`Iqv nq?

DËi: gyw³hy‡×i Amxg mvnmx exi K¨v‡Þb gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi hy‡× knx` n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡K †QvU †mvbv gmwR` cÖv½‡b Kei †`Iqv nq|

7|

evsjv‡`k miKvi gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi‡K †Kvb Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i?

DËi: K¨v‡Þb gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi wQ‡jb GKRb Amxg mvnmx exi gyw³‡hv×v| wZwb A‡bK¸‡jv mdj Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡iwQ‡jb| PuvcvBbeveM‡Ä hy× Kivi mgq wZwb knx` n‡qwQ‡jb| gyw³hy‡× Zuvi Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi K¨v‡Þb gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi‡K exi‡kªô Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|

8|

gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi Qvov Av‡iv `yRb exi‡kª‡ôi bvg ej I †jL| DËi: gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi Qvov Av‡iv `yRb exi‡kªô nj1) exi‡kªô nvwg`yi ingvb 2) exi‡kªô b~i †gvnv¤§`

c„ôv-45

evsjv

Avj gvngy` 1|

kãv_©: †gNbv wZZvm cvj cvUzbx fi `ycyi LvUzwb mL wej †evqvj †Pvqvj evwo bvI mvwi DRvb cvwR MvO-ïïK ¯^cœfiv kvjyK Rjwcwc cvwjk kxZj

2| evK¨ iPbv: †gNbv wZZvm cvj cvUzbx fi `ycyi LvUzwb mL wej †evqvj †Pvqvj evwo

Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU cÖavb b`x| Ñ GKwU b`xi bvg| Ñ †b․Kvi gv¯‘‡ji m‡½ jvMv‡bv Kvco| Ñ †Lqv †b․Kvi gvwS| Ñ wVK `ycyi †ejv| Ñ cwikªg| Ñ cQ‡›`i KvR| Ñ eo Rjvkq| Ñ †evqvj gvQ| Ñ gy‡Li †fZi †h A‡½ `uvZ _v‡K| Ñ AvNvZ| Ñ †b․Kv| Ñ †kªYx| Ñ †mªv‡Zi wecixZ w`K| Ñ `yóz| Ñ b`xi ïïK, ïïK gv‡Qi g‡Zv GK cÖKvi RjR cÖvYx| Ñ ¯^cœ w`‡q c~Y©, ¯^‡cœi| Ñ cÙ I kvcjv dz‡ji g~j Ñ eK RvZxq RjPi †QvU cvwL| Ñ gm„Y Ae¯’v| Ñ VvÐv| Ñ †gNbv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x| Ñ wZZvm †gNbvi GKwU kvLv b`x| Ñ cvj Dwo‡q †b․Kv Pj‡Q| Ñ †m cvUzbxi KvR K‡i| Ñ Zviv fi `ycyi Avgv‡`i evwo‡Z G‡m‡Q| Ñ LvUzwb‡Z Zvi kixi †f‡O †M‡Q| Ñ gvQ aiv Avgvi mL| Ñ Avgiv we‡j gvQ ai‡Z hv‡ev| Ñ †R‡jiv GKwU †evqvj gvQ a‡i‡Q| Ñ ev‡Ni †Pvqvj Lye gReyZ| Ñ jvwVi evwo †L‡q KzKziwU cvwj‡q †Mj| c„ôv-46

Z…Zxq †kªwY

evsjv

bvI mvwi DRvb cvwR MvO-ïïK ¯^cœfiv kvjyK Rjwcwc cvwjk kxZj

Ñ †Zvgiv bvI fvwm‡q `vI| Ñ e‡Ki mvwi D‡o hv‡‛Q| Ñ DRv‡b †b․Kv Pvjv‡bv KóKi| Ñ †LvKbUv eo cvwR n‡q‡Q| Ñ b`xi cvwb‡Z MvO-ïïK gv_v †Zv‡j, Avevi Wy‡e hvq| Ñ Avgv‡`i †`k ¯^cœfiv| Ñ †Q‡j‡g‡qiv kvjyK Zzj‡Q| Ñ Rjwcwc `j †eu‡a †QvUvQywU Ki‡Q| Ñ cvwjk Kiv Lv‡U Avgiv Nygvw‛Q| Ñ †LvKb kxZj cvwU‡Z ï‡q Av‡Q|

2|

hy³eY© †f‡½ `yBwU K‡i kã •Zwi Ki: šÍ = b& + Z Ñ `šÍ, kvšÍ| ¤^ = g& + e Ñ j¤^v, wW¤^| ¯^ = m + e Ñ ¯^‛Q, ¯^i| cœ = c& + b Ñ ¯^cœ, ¯^cœxj|

3|

wecixZ kã †jL: g~j kã kvšÍ j¤^v DRvb Av`i kxZj

wecixZ kã AkvšÍ Lv‡Uv fvwU Abv`i Dò

5|

k~b¨ RvqMv c~iY Ki: K) Igv G-‡h KvRj we‡ji †evqv‡j cv‡ji `wo AvU‡K †i‡L †Pvqv‡j L) †m_vq bvwK kvjyK cvZvi Pv`‡i Rjwcwciv Nygvq gnv Av`‡i

6| K)

cÖ‡kœvËi: †Kvb b`xwU kvšÍ?

DËi: Kwe Avj gvngy` iwPZ Ôfi`ycy‡iÕ KweZvq kvšÍ b`xwU nj wZZvm b`x|

L)

cvUzbx †K? DËi: Avj gvngy` iwPZ fi`ycy‡i KweZvi cvUzwb n‡‛Q †Lqv Nv‡Ui gvwS|

c„ôv-47

Z…Zxq †kªwY

evsjv

Z…Zxq †kªwY

M)

†m Kx Ki‡Q? DËi: †m fi`ycy‡i m‡Li LvUzwb LvU‡Q|

N)

†LvKb‡K †bŠKvq wb‡Z †K ej‡Q? DËi: †LvKb‡K Zvi gv †b․Kvq wb‡Z e‡j‡Q|

O)

†Kv_vq wb‡Z ej‡Q? DËi: †LvKb‡K †b․Kvq K‡i MvI ïï‡Ki ¯^cœfiv MÖv‡g‡Z wb‡Z e‡j‡Q|

P)

†m RvqMvwU †Kgb? DËi: †m RvqMvwU MvI ïï‡Ki ¯^cœ w`‡q fiv| †mLv‡b kvjyK cvZvi Pv`‡i Rjwcwci gnv Av`‡i Nygvq Avi Av‡Q kvcjv dz‡ji kxZj meyR cvwjk Kiv evwjk|

Q)

†LvKb †Kv_vq Nygv‡e?

DËi: †LvKb kvcjv dz‡ji kxZj meyR cvwjk Kiv evwj‡k Nygv‡e|

c„ôv-48

wk¶v, †mev I RbKj¨vYgyLx ¯^wbf©i cÖwZôvb

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