Arts & crafts bangla version by Atiq Isamee

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I Kvi“ Kjv evsjv‡`‡k PviyKjv Pvi“ wk¶vi BwZnvm

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wkíx Kvgi“j nvmvb

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Pvi“ I Kvi“ Kjv evsjv‡`‡k PviyKjv wk¶vi BwZnvm

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Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 6

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjvi cw_K…r wkíxiv 1948 mv‡j ïi“ nq evsjv‡`‡k Z_v ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b wkíwk¶vi m~Pbv| huviv G Av‡›`vjb A_©vr wkíwk¶vi Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡`i‡KB Avgiv eje cw_K…r wkíx| KviY Zuviv c_ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb e‡jB AvR Avgiv Qwe AuvKv wkLwQ| G wel‡q cov‡kvbv KiwQ| G cÖwZôvb †_‡K wk¶vMÖnY K‡i cieZ©xKv‡j †`‡ki wkíwk¶v cÖmv‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb †ekwKQy wkíx| cÖ_g e¨v‡Pi 12Rb wkíxi g‡a¨ cieZ©xKv‡j `yRb L¨vwZgvb wkíx wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv †c‡qwQ‡jb| GKRb wkíx Avwgbyj Bmjvg Ges wØZxqRb wkíx ˆmq` kwdKzj †nv‡mb| Ab¨ `kR‡bi †ewkifvMB wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡e ev wPÎKjv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡eB MÖnY K‡i mgv‡R wPÎwk‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †evSv‡Z we‡kl f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| Avwgbyj Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv PP©v‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki `xN© mg‡qi wkíKjvi avivevwnK DbœwZ I cÖwZôvq Zuvi wekvj Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| Avwgbyj Bmjvg I ˆmq` kwdKzj †nv‡mb PviyKjv Bbw÷wUD‡U Aa¨¶ wn‡m‡eI `xN©w`b wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|

cvV : 7 I 8 PviyKjv Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZôv K‡iB wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvZv wkíxiv ¶vš— _v‡Kb wb| wkíxiv hv‡Z mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b bvbvfv‡e Qwe AuvKv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i †m w`‡KI Zuviv bRi w`‡qwQ‡jb| miKv‡ii wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b wkíx‡ì Rb¨ m¤§vbRbK c` ˆZwi, wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b wPÎwk‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i RbgZ ˆZwii Rb¨ wk¶K I QvÎiv †hŠ_fv‡e †Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _‡Kb| GB †Póv wQj GKUv mvs¯‹„wZK Av‡›`vjb| KvRUv †gv‡UB mnR wQj bv| Aš—Z `k †_‡K ev‡iv eQi †j‡M‡Q mgvR‡K I ivóª‡K †evSv‡Z †h, GKUv my›ì mgvR I my›ì ivóª ˆZwi‡Z wPÎwkí Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi g‡ZvB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| †hgbÑ cÖ‡KŠkjx, Wv³vi, wk¶K, cÖkvmK, ¯’cwZ, Awf‡bZv, msMxZwkíx DbœZ mgv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb wPÎwkíxivI my›ì mgvR MV‡b wekvj f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q| ZvB Lye mn‡RB ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv‡K h_vh_ gh©v`vq cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b GK ewjô †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zvui m‡½ mgvbfv‡eB msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb wkíx Av‡bvqviyj nK, wkíx kwdDwÏb Avn‡g`, cUzqv Kvgiyj nvmvb, LvRv kwdK Avn‡g`, kwdKzj Avwgb I wkíx †gvnv¤§` wKewiqv| cÖ_g 12 eQ‡ii wkí wk¶vq huviv G‡mwQ‡jb ZuvivI mgvb wbôv wb‡q Zuv‡ì ¸iy‡ì m‡½ KvR K‡i‡Qb| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯^ wkí‡PZbvi GKwU êwkó¨ I i~c cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| hv evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv PP©v‡K Avš—R©vwZK gv‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ huv‡ì D‡j−L‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q Zuviv n‡jbÑ KvBqyg †PŠayix, ikx` †PŠayix, g~Z©Rv ekxi, Ave`yi iv¾vK, Ave`yj ev‡mZ, nvwg`yi ingvb, ˆmq` Rvnv½xi, mgiwRrivq †PŠayix, nv‡kg Lvb, iwdKzb bex, wbZzb KyÊz, †è`vm PµeZ©x, Avey Zv‡ni, gvngy`yj nK, gwbiyj Bmjvg, Aveyj eviK Avjfx cÖgyL|

I Kvi“ Kjv evsjv‡`‡k PviyKjv Pvi“ wk¶vi BwZnvm

bgybv cÖkœ ï× ev‡K¨ wUK wPý (

) `vI

1. hviv Qwe Avu‡Kb Zviv n‡jbÑ bvU¨wkíx/ wPÎwkíx/ b„Z¨wkíx 2. hviv bvU‡K I Pjw”P‡Î Awfbq K‡ib ZvivÑ Kviywkíx/ Awf‡bZv/ wPÎwkíx 3. hviv PgrKvi Mvb MvB‡Z cv‡ib Zviv n‡jbÑ Awf‡bZv/ msMxZwkíx/ bvU¨wkíx 4. wkï‡K Qwe AvuKv †kLvevi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gBÑ fv‡jv K‡i wbqg-Kvbyb wkwL‡q w`‡Z nq/ cÖ_‡gB wb‡Ri B‡”Qg‡Zv AvuK‡Z w`‡Z nq| 5. mvaviYZÑ lô †kªwY †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i Qwe AvuKvi wbqg-Kvbyb¸‡jv †R‡b wkï Qwe AvuKv fv‡jv/ 1g †kªwY †_‡K wbqgKvbyb †R‡b Qwe AvuK‡e| 6. Avw`g gvby‡livÑ K¨vbfv‡m Qwe AvuKZ/ ¸nvi Mv‡q Qwe AvuKZ/ KvM‡R Qwe AvuKZ| 7. Avw`g gvby‡liv Qwe AvuKvi is ZzwjÑ kn‡ii †`vKvb †_‡K msMÖn KiZ/ wb‡Riv gvwU, cïi Pwe© I cv_i muyPv‡jv K‡i ˆZwi K‡i wbZ| 8. cÖvq c‡b‡iv-†lv‡jv kZK ch©š— wkíxivÑ eo eo AvU© K‡j‡R wM‡q Qwe AvuKv wkLZ/ ¸iy ev wkí wk¶‡Ki Qwe AvuKvi Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Z †h‡q ¸iyi Kv‡QB wk‡L wbZ| 9. cvwK¯—vb miKviÑ wb‡RivB AvU© K‡jR ˆZwi K‡i Zvici wkíx‡ì Wv‡Kb/ wPÎwkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvb, kwdDwÏb Avn‡g`, Av‡bvqviyj nK, kwdKzj Avwgb cÖgyL‡ì `vwei Kvi‡Y wkíwk¶vi cÖwZôvb ïi“ K‡ib| 10. Qwe AvuKv †kLvi cÖ_g cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wQjÑ Mfb©‡g›U AvU© K‡jR/ Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDU| 11. Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUD‡Ui hvÎv ïiy nqÑ 14B AvM÷ 1947/ 30†k †m‡Þ¤î 1948/ 22†k AvM÷ 1948| 12. wkíKjv wk¶vi wbR¯^ febÑ eZ©gvb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi PviyKjv Abyl‡`B Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDUwUi K¬vm ïiy nq/ bevecy‡i b¨vkbvj †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri gvÎ 2wU Kvgivq ïi“ nq| 13. DbœZ mgvR MV‡b cÖ‡KŠkjx, Wv³vi I weÁvbxi g‡ZvÑ wPÎwkíx‡ìI f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q/ wPÎ wkíxiv ïay wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ I cÖ`k©bx Kivi Rb¨ Qwe Auv‡K|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv ms‡¶‡c Reve †jL 1. wkky eq‡m I we`¨vj‡q covi mgq Kxfv‡e Qwe AvuK‡e? 2. eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k ev c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b Kxfv‡e, †Kvb mg‡q Ges Kv‡`i †Póvq wkíKjv wk¶vi cªwZôvb cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖwZôvbwUi cÖ_g bvg Kx wQj? 3. Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wkíxiv miKvi‡K †Kvb †Kvb D`vniY w`‡q wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ eywS‡qwQ‡jb? 4. cÖ_g eQi KZRb QvÎ fwZ© n‡qwQj? Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© †jL? 5. cÖ_g 12 eQ‡i wk¶v jvf K‡i †Kvb †Kvb wkíxiv †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ weKv‡k I wkíKjv wk¶vq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

wØZxq Aa¨vq

wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j me gvby‡li fvlv

wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Zuvi LvZvi KvM‡R Gu‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb wZwb Kx Kx wRwbm Lv‡eb| wm× Lv‡eb bv fvwR ZvI Gu‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb| g` Lv‡eb bv, †mUvI AvuK‡jb|

GB Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l AvgivÑ • mf¨Zvi cÖ_g fv‡M gvbyl †h wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ fve cÖKvk K‡iwQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvie| • wPÎKjvi ev Qwei fvlv w`‡q Kxfv‡e mviv we‡k¦i gvbyl fve wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • c„w_exi weL¨vZ wkíx I Zuv‡`i wkíKg© m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 1 gvbyl Avw`Kv‡ji †mB ¸nvRxeb †_‡K ïiy K‡i KZ w`K †_‡K KZfv‡e Rq Ki‡Z wkLj c„w_ex‡K| gvbyl †Kv_v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i AvR †Kv_vq G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| ïay cÖK…wZi mv‡_ m¤úK© wb‡qB †Zv gvby‡li Pj‡e bv| g~j mgm¨v n‡jv gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK© wb‡q| Avw`g gvbyl hLb cÖvK…wZK cÖwZK~jZvq Rxeb I RxweKvi Rb¨ msMÖvg KiZ Ges wnsmª cï‡ì Avµg‡Yi f‡q memgq AvZs‡K _vKZ| gyw³i Dcvq wnmv‡e hv`y wek¦vm wb‡q cvnv‡oi Mv‡q wewPÎ AuvPo †K‡U Qwe Gu‡K msNe× n‡q †mBme cÖwZK~jZv‡K Rq K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ †Kb gvbyl Qwe Gu‡KwQj? †mB in‡mï K_v Avgiv GLb Rvbe| 1879 mv‡ji K_v| †¯ú‡bi DËivÂ‡j mvDUzjv bv‡g GK Rwg`vi evm Ki‡Zb| Zvi Rwg`vwi †ek eo| †mLv‡b wQj A‡bK cvnvo| GLv‡b wZwb mÜvb †c‡qwQ‡jb GKwU ¸nvi| ¸nvi g‡a¨ mÜvb Pvwj‡q wKQz cvIqv hvq wKbv G †Lqv‡ji e‡m GKw`b Lbb KvR Avi¤¢ K‡i w`‡jb| fve‡jb ¸nvi g‡a¨ Luy‡R hw` †mB Avw`g gvbyl‡ì nvo‡Mvo Avi cv_‡ii nvwZqvi cvIqv hvq| h_vixwZ LyuR‡Z ïiy K‡i w`j| mv‡_ Zvi cuvP eQ‡ii †QvU †g‡q| †m Aek¨ AZme †ev‡S bv| †m †eiy‡jv evevi nvZ a‡i GKUzLvwb Ny‡i Avm‡Z| ¸nvq Xz‡K evev‡Zv Szu‡K c‡o nvo‡Mvo Avi nvwZqvi LyuR‡Z †j‡M †M‡jb| wKš‘ IBUzKz †g‡qwUi Gme e¨vcvi fv‡jv jvMj bv| †m GKUv †gvgevwZ nv‡Z wb‡q ¸nvi g‡a¨ GKUz AvaUz Gw`K Iw`K Ny‡i †eov‡Z jvMj| Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z nVvr Zvi †PvL coj ¸nvUvi GK RvqMvq| Avi m‡½ m‡½ †g‡qwU wPrKvi K‡i e‡j DVj evev, luvo! luvo! †g‡qi wPrKvi ï‡b evev Qy‡U G‡jb, fve‡jb ¸nvi g‡a¨ mwZ¨B wK lvuo †ewi‡q‡Q? bv| wVK luvo bq| Zey wVK luv‡oi g‡ZvB| luv‡oi Qwe| †QvU GB †g‡qwUi Avwe®‹v‡ii K_v RvbvRvwb n‡q †Mj| eo eo cwÛ‡Ziv IB AvjZvwgiv ¸nvq wM‡q nvwRi| Zvici Pjj cÖvq †lv‡jv eQi a‡i cwÛZ gn‡j IB luv‡oi Qwe wb‡q GK ZK©-weZK©, M‡elYv| Avw`g gvby‡li AuvKv cÖ_g †h Qwe Avwe®‹vi n‡qwQj Zvi eqm cÖvq wek nvRvi eQi| †¯ú‡bi AvjZvwgiv, d«v‡Ýi jvgy‡Z Ges jvm‡Kv ce©Z¸nvq cvIqv †M‡Q Gi Aw¯—Z¡| Rxebhvcb I Rxebavi‡Yi ZvwM‡` Zviv Qwe AvuKvI wk‡L‡Q| Zviv g‡bi fve cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Bkvivq, wewfbœ wPý Gu‡K| Ggb mgq 1895-G †¯ú‡b Avwe®‹vi n‡jv AviI GKwU ¸nv| †mLv‡bi ¸nvi †`qv‡j Avwe®‹…Z n‡jv Zv‡ì A‡bK AuvKv-†RvKv| Kviv AuvKj Gme Qwe? wbðqB †mB cÖvPxb hy‡Mi gvby‡liv| †mB Avw`g gvby‡livB fve cÖKv‡ki gva¨g wn‡m‡e cÖ_g Qwei eënvi ïi“ K‡iwQj|

Kvi“fvlv Kjv wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j mePvi“gvbyI‡li

cvV : 2 d«vÝ, †¯cb, DËi Avwd«Kv cÖf„wZ †`‡ki AviI A‡bK Avw`g gvby‡li AuvKv ¸nvwPÎ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| Avi cwÛ‡Ziv wn‡me-cËi K‡i e‡j‡Qb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Qwei eqm wLª÷c~e© 10,000 †_‡K 30,000 ch©š— nIqv m¤¢e|

GB MíwUi ga¨ †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg fve cÖKv‡ki cÖ_g evnb wn‡m‡e Avw`g gvbyl Qwe‡KB †e‡Q wb‡qwQj| AvR‡Ki c„w_exi ey‡K bvbvb †`k, bvbvb †`‡k bvbvb ai‡bi gvbyl Avevi Zv‡ì fvlvI wfbœ wfbœ| GKRb gvby‡li c‡¶ KL‡bv Rvbv m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv Hme fvlv| wKš—y †mB †`‡ki Rxeb, cwi‡ek I cÖK…wZ wb‡q hw` †Kv‡bv Qwe AuvKv nq Zvn‡j AwZ mn‡RB †mB Qwe †`‡L †mB †`k m¤c‡K© Rvbv hv‡e| g‡b Ki Avgv‡ì †`‡k †Kv‡bv Drme Dcj‡¶ Rvcvb, Pxb mn AviI A‡bK †`‡ki wkïiv mg‡eZ n‡q‡Q| ï‡f”Qv wewbgq nq‡Zv Avgiv mevB mevi mv‡_ Ki‡Z cvie| wKš—y wbR wbR †`‡ki cwi‡ek, cvwicvwk¦©KZv, Rxeb-hvcb, ms¯‹…wZ BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv hw` Avgiv wbR wbR fvlvq e¨³ Kwi Zvn‡j fvlv bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y Zv Rvb‡Z cvie bv| hw` Avgiv wb‡Ri †`‡ki cwi‡ek, cÖK…wZ, Rxeb I ms¯‹…wZi wel‡q Qwe AvuwK Zvn‡j †mB Qwei eY©bvi gv‡S Avgiv cÖwZwU †`‡ki mvwe©K GKUv wPÎ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Qwei gv‡S dzwU‡q Zz‡j †mB †`‡ki Rxebaviv, ms¯‹…wZ I cvi¯úwiK fve-wewbg‡q wb‡R‡ì gv‡S my-m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

ZvB GKgvÎ Qwe ev wPÎKjvi fvlv w`‡q c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv †`k, †h †Kv‡bv RvwZ, †h †Kv‡bv gvby‡li ms¯‹…wZ I cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Avgiv mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvwi Avi G Kvi‡YB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i wPÎKjvB n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZK fvlv| KvR: mK‡j fvwe AvuKv †h Avš—R©vwZK fvlv `kwU ev‡K¨ wj‡L Rvbv‡Z n‡e|

cvV : 3 c„w_exi weL¨vZ wkíx I wkíKg© Avw`g Kvj †_‡K AvR ch©š— KZ wkíx KZ kZ Qwe Gu‡K‡Q| ¸nvwP‡Îi †mBme wkíxi bvg †hgb Avgv‡ì ARvbv i‡q †M‡Q| †Zgwb cieZx© mg‡q KZ †`‡k KZ wkíx Qwe Gu‡K‡Q| †mBme wkíxi gvS †_‡K †KD †KD Zuv‡ì wkím„wó w`‡q RMr weL¨vZ n‡q‡Qb| GB Dcgnv‡`‡kI A‡bK e‡iY¨ wkíx wkím„wó K‡i wPÎKjvi BwZnv‡m Avmb K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jb- iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, hvwgbx ivq, b›`jvj emy cÖgyL| †Zgwb Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cw_K…r wkíx‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Qb wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgi“j nvmvb, Gm Gg myjZvb, Av‡bvqviyj nK| Zuv‡ì cieZx© mg‡q †h mKj ¯^bvgab¨ wkíx G hvÎv‡K Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jb- wKewiqv, Avwgbyj Bmjvg, nvwg`yi ingvb, gyZ©Rv ekxi, gy¯—vdv g‡bvqvi, ekxi †PŠayix, KvDqyg †PŠayix, Avãyi iv¾vK, Ave`yj ev‡mZ, †è`vm PµeZ©x, wbZzb KzÛy, nv‡kg Lvb, iwdKzbbex, gwbiyj Bmjvg cÖgyL| c„w_ex‡Z †h mKj wkíx Zuv‡ì wPÎKjv I fv¯‹h© w`‡q weL¨vZ n‡q‡Qb- Zuv‡ì K‡qKR‡bi Rxeb I Zuv‡ì wkíKg© m¤ú‡K© Gev‡i Rvbe|

cvV : 4 wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂ ( 1452-1519) BUvwji †d¬v‡iÝ †_‡K cÖvq lvU gvBj `~‡i wfjwU bvgK GKwU ¶z`ª kn‡i 1452 Lªxóv‡ã AvbwPAv‡bv bvgK MÖv‡g wjIbv‡`©vi Rb¥ nq| wcZv cvB‡iv `v wfwÂ GKRb wewkó weËkvjx| Zvui gvZvi bvg K¨vUwibv| AUzU ¯^v¯’¨ I i~‡ci AwaKvix wQj GB wkï| wcZv cvB‡iv cy‡Îi DbœwZi Rb¨ me©‡Zvfv‡e †Póv Ki‡Zb| wecyj Hk¦h© I cÖvPz‡h©i g‡a¨ wjIbv‡`©v cÖwZcvwjZ I †e‡o D‡V‡Qb| `yt‡Li mv‡_ Zvi cwiPq nqwb KLbI| †h mgq wjIbv‡`©vi Rb¥ n‡qwQj ZLb BUvwji †i‡bmuv‡mi c~Y© mgq| GB mgq BD‡iv‡c GK ˆec−weK hyM Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj|

Kvi“fvlv Kjv wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j mePvi“gvbyI‡li

12 Ak¦v‡ivnY, m½xZ, wPÎ, weÁvb, wPwKrmv, ¯’vcZ¨ I MwYZkv‡¯¿ wQj wjIbv‡`©vi Mfxi AbyivM| wfwÂ Zvi Qwei bvbv w`K wb‡q cix¶v-wbix¶v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jb| AvKv‡k Doš— cvwL‡`i MwZ, fvimvg¨ I w`K cwieZ©b j¶ K‡i wZwb eZ©gvb hy‡Mi D‡ovRvnv‡Ri AvK…wZwewkó GK h‡š¿i cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb| AsK‡b gvbe †`‡ni †mŠ›`h© m„wó‡Z h_vh_ Dcvq Luy‡R †c‡Z g„Z‡`n †K‡U cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i †`L‡ZI ev` iv‡Lb wb| wkíKjvi BwZnvm QvovI Ab¨vb¨ w`K w`‡q Zuvi †h M‡elYv wQj Zv cieZ©xKv‡j weÁv‡bi eû Avwe®‹v‡i f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| bvbv wel‡q AmsL¨ AsKb wZwb †i‡L †M‡Qb| weÁv‡bi wewfbœ w`‡K wZwb cÖPzi M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi wPš—v‡PZbvi dm‡ji m~Î †_‡KB cieZx©Kv‡ji AvKvkhvb, ¯’jhvb I Rjhv‡bi Rb¥, hv AvaywbK we‡k¦i we¯§q|

Zuvi RMrweL¨vZ wkíx wj‡Ibv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂ wkíK‡g©i g‡a¨ †gvbvwjmv GKLvwb weL¨vZ wPÎKg©| QwewU GLb jyf¨i cÖvmv` wgDwRqv‡gi m¤úwË| Gi ˆ`N©¨ wZbdzU, cÖ¯’ `yBdzU| GB gwnjv BUvwji dv‡Âv‡¯‹v †`j RK‡›`v bvgK GK e¨w³i cuwPk eQi eq¯‹v cZœx| Zvi gy‡Li †mB inm¨gq nvwm AvRI Avgv‡`i †KŠZ~njx K‡i| GQvovI Zuvi AviI weL¨vZ Qwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jv- G¨v‡Wv‡ikb Ae `¨ wKsm, fvwR©b Ae `¨ iKm, g¨v‡Wvbv, wkï I †m›Æ A¨vwb| 1519 wLª÷v‡ã 2 †g, 67 eQi eq‡m GB gnvb wkíx wjIbv‡`©v gnvcÖ¯’vb K‡ib|

wkíxi AuvKv Qwe Ô†gvbvwjmvÕ

KvR: wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂ wK ïay wPÎwkíx? Zuvi Avi Kx Kx cwiPq Av‡QÑ mK‡j 6wU ev‡K¨ wj‡L †`LvI|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 4 gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv (1475-1564) 1475 wLª÷v‡ã †d¬v‡i‡Ýi wbKUeZx© K¨v‡mj K¨vcwiR bvgK GKwU ¶z`ª kn‡i gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jvi Rb¥ nq| wZwb wQ‡jb eûgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix| GKvav‡i wPÎKjv fv¯‹h© ¯’vcZ¨ I Kjvwe`¨vi cÖwZ cy‡Îi AvKl©Y j¶ K‡i wcZv cyÎ‡K 13 eQi eq‡m Mxij¨vÛvI Gi wbKU wkíwk¶vi Rb¨ †cÖiY K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb gvÎ wZb eQi wk¶v MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Mxij¨vÛvI Gi wbKU AvMg‡bi c~e© †_‡KB fv¯‹‡h© gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jvi h‡_ó `¶Zv wQj| GLv‡b fv¯‹h© wPÎ I ¯’vcZ¨ wel‡qI wZwb Ávb jvf K‡ib| gvby‡li Qwe AvuKvq fv¯‹h© m„wó‡Z Ges Zvi wbLuZ y my›`i jveY¨ dzwU‡q Zzj‡ZI wZwb wQ‡jb AmvaviY| gvB‡Kj wkíx gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv G‡Ä‡jvi Rxeb wjIbv‡`©vi b¨vq my‡L AwZevwnZ nqwb| K‡Vvi cwikÖ‡gi g‡a¨ wZwb wk¶v, AwfÁZv, A_© I hk AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| wkíx Rxe‡bi wewfbœ NvZ-cÖwZNvZ wb‡q †kl Rxeb ch©š— `ytLB †c‡q‡Qb| ZeyI wb‡Ri m„wói Dci Mfxi AvZ¥wek¦vm I kÖ×v‡eva wQj Zuvi| gvbe †`‡ni gvsm‡ckxi Mob, MwZ-cÖK…wZi Avmj i~c †`Lvi Rb¨ wkíx wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂi g‡Zv wZwbI g„Z‡`n‡K †K‡U †`‡L‡Qb| †m AwfÁZvi dj Zvi AvuKv Qwe ev fv¯‹‡h© bRi w`‡j mn‡RB †evSv hvq| wkíK‡g© wZwb gvbe †`‡ni cÖwZwU A½ ev Ask h_vh_fv‡e dzwU‡q Zzj‡Zb| gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv Qwei †P‡q fv¯‹h© Kg©‡KB AwaK cQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges fv¯‹h© K‡g©i Rb¨B wZwb AwaK weL¨vZ| g~wZ©¸wj avZz I cÖ¯—‡i wbwg©Z n‡Zv| Zuvi wc‡qUv fv¯‹h© RM‡Z GK Awebk¦i m„wó| GB g~wZ©wU GLb †iv‡gi †m›U wcUvm© wMR©vi m¤úwË| †WwfW g~wZ©wU †d¬v‡i‡Ýi GKv‡Wwg‡Z Av‡Q| eÛ †úf Av‡Q jyf¨i wgDwRqv‡g| wkíxi weL¨vZ fv¯‹h© Ôjv-wc‡qUvÕ

ïay fv¯‹h© m„wó‡ZB bq, wPÎv¼‡bI wZwb wQ‡jb mgvbv`| f¨vwUK¨v‡bi wmmUvBb

Kvi“fvlv Kjv wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j mePvi“gvbyI‡li

P¨v‡c‡ji Qv‡` Ges †`qv‡ji Mv‡q gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv †h †d«m‡Kv Gu‡KwQ‡jb Zuvi †m KvR¸‡jv AvRI mK‡j we¯§q wb‡q †`‡L| GLv‡bi wPÎKjvi my›ì i~c w`‡Z wZwb fv¯‹‡h©i AvKvi AvK…wZ I Kjv-†KŠkj eënvi K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr g~wZ© wbg©v‡Yi g‡Zv †mLv‡bI †Zgwb gvbe †`‡ni †mŠ›`h© dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| gvB‡Kj Zuvi Kv‡R c~‡e©i cÖPwjZ wbqg-Kvbyb, a¨vb-aviYv me e`‡j w`‡jb| Zuvi wkíK‡g© m„wó Ki‡jb bZzb PgK| wZwbB me© cÖ_g wkíx, whwb †mŠg¨ `k©b hye‡Ki i~c jve‡Y¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb wPÎKjv Ges fv¯‹‡h© †cÖwiZ bex gnvcyiyl‡ì| Zuvi G iKg wkíKg©¸‡jv AZzjbxq Ges i~c jveY¨ I cÖvY cÖvPz‡h© ficyi| Av`g‡K Rxeb `v‡bi wPÎwU wmmUvBb P¨v‡c‡ji Qv‡` AvuKv i‡q‡Q Zv‡Z Av‡Q Avðh©RbK ì` m„wói cwiPq| jv÷ RvR‡g›U QwewU Gu‡KwQ‡jb cieZx©Kv‡j hv A_©en bq G‡Kev‡i wmmUvBb P¨v‡c‡ji †fZ‡ii As‡k GK Abe`¨ m„wó| Zuvi GB Ac~e© m„wó Kv‡Ri aviv g‡bv‡jvfv i~cvqY Zvi mg‡qi †h †Kv‡bv wkíxi †P‡q †ewk cÖfve †d‡jwQj cieZx© wkíxM‡Yi wkí m„wói Dci| gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv wQ‡jb wPiKzgvi| mvay-mbœ¨vmx‡ì b¨vq Rxeb-hvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| †kl eq‡m wkíx gvB‡Kj AZ¨š— wLUwL‡U n‡jI RbmvaviY Zuvi cÖwZfvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K kÖ×v KiZ| 1564 wLª÷v‡ãi 12 †deªyqvwi G‡Ä‡jv weL¨vZ wc‡qUv g~wZ©i cv‡qi †h wKQy KvR evwK wQj †mUzKz m¤úbœ Ki‡Z wM‡q R¡‡i Avµvš— nb| 17 ZvwiL Wv³v‡ii civg‡k© Zuv‡K †Rvi K‡i weQvbvq ïB‡q †`qv nq| ZLb c~Y©Áv‡b GKUv DBj Kivi K_v e‡jb| Zv‡Z †jLv nq ÔAvgvi AvZ¥v Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ iBj, †`n iBj c„w_exi Rb¨Õ †ejv cvuPUvq GB gnvb wkíx 89 eQi eq‡m ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|

cvV : 5 ivdv‡qj mvbwRI (1483-1520) i¨v‡dj Aviwe‡bv bvgK GKwU cve©Z¨ kn‡i 1483 wLª÷v‡ã ¸W d«vB‡W wZw_‡Z ivwÎ 9Uvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ivdv‡q‡ji wcZv wRIfvwb `¨ mvbwZI wQ‡jb GKRb wPÎwkíx I ms¯‹…wZm¤úbœ gvbyl| ivdv‡qj wcZvi Kv‡QB Qwe AuvKvi cÖ_g Abykxjb Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ges `k eQi eq‡m wZwb wcZvi AvuKv Qwei Dci Zzwj Pvjv‡bvi AwaKvi jvf K‡ib| wcZv wRIfvwb cy‡Îi †lvj eQi eq‡m Zuv‡K ZrKvjxb L¨vwZgvb wkíx †ciyRx‡bi wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib| gvÎ wZb eQ‡i †mLv‡b Zuvi GKvMÖZv Ges Aaëmv‡qi d‡j Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ wkíxmgv‡R Zuvi bvg Qwo‡q c‡o| ivdv‡q‡ji m‡e©v”P g~jëvb D™¢veb n‡jv Qwe AvuKvi welqe¯‘i h_vh_ mwVKfv‡e mvRv‡bv| GKgvÎ Zvi wkíK‡g© G g~jëvb DcvqwU †`Lv †hZ| Avi Kv‡iv wPÎKjvq hv †`Lv hvq bv|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

15 ivdv‡qj wQ‡jb GKRb AwZ i~cevb cyiyl| Pwi‡ÎI †Zgwb f`ªZv, bgªZv, webq, kvjxbZv, I c‡ivcKvix wQ‡jb| GKevi whwb GB wkíxi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Zb wZwbB Avbw›`Z n‡Zb| †hŠe‡bi cÖ_‡g hk I A_© `yB wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb| wKš—y hk ev A‡_©i †gvn Zuvi ¯^fve‡K KLbI cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ivdv‡qj I wjIbv‡`©vi `yB gnvb wkíxB wQ‡jb cig †KŠZ‚njcÖeY| we‡k¦i inm¨ D`NvU‡b GKRb wQ‡jb M‡elK Aciw`‡K ivdv‡qj wQ‡jb mZ¨ AbymÜv‡b hZœkxj| †i‡bmuvm hy‡M wjIbv‡`©v gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv I ivdv‡qj GB wZb gnvb wkíx ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½ w`‡q Qwe AvuKv Avi¤¢ K‡ib| Zuviv Av‡jvQvqv I cwi‡cªw¶Z Abykxjb K‡i cieZx© †i‡bmuvm wPÎixwZi g‡a¨ bZzb `xwß `vb K‡iwQ‡jb|

Zuvi weL¨vZ wkí m„wói g‡a¨ cÖvš—‡i Dcweó g¨v‡Wvbv QwewU †mŠ›`‡h©i AZzjbxq m„wó| ivdv‡q‡ji mvaK wkíxi AuvKv Qwe Ôg¨v‡WvbvÕ Rxeb m¤^‡Ü GKwU my›ì Mí cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| †ivg bMi hLb ivdv‡q‡ji RqMv‡b gyLwiZ ZLb Zuvi kÎ“c¶ Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ NvZK wbhy³ K‡iwQj| ivdv‡qj N‡ii ìRv †Lvjv †i‡LB gvZ…g~wZ© QwewU ZLb AvuKwQ‡jb| NvZKØq Qwe AvuKv †`‡L Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ fz‡j hvb| wkíxI Zvi ¯^fvemyjffv‡e Lye hZœ I Avc¨vqb K‡i Zv‡ì wbKU Qwei e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| NvZKØq ivdv‡q‡ji eënv‡i GZB Awff‚Z nb †h Zv‡ì cvc D‡Ï‡kï K_v cÖKvk K‡i ¶gv wf¶v †P‡q cÖ¯’vb K‡ib| 1520 mv‡j gvÎ 37 eQi eq‡m ¸W d«vB‡W wZw_‡Z (Rb¥w`‡b) ax‡i ax‡i GB gnvb wkíx ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|

KvR : ivdv‡q‡ji ¯^fve I cÖK…wZ wb‡q `kwU ev‡K¨ mK‡j wj‡L †`LvI|

Kvi“fvlv Kjv wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j mePvi“gvbyI‡li

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. wjIbv‡`v© `¨ wfwÂ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ibK) 1452 mv‡j

L) 1442 mv‡j

M) 1550 mv‡j

N) 1480 mv‡j

2. †Kvb wkíx wPÎKjv I fv¯‹‡h© mgvb `¶ wQ‡jbK) wjIbv‡`v© `¨ wfwÂ

L) ivdv‡qj

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3. cÖvš—‡i Dcweó g¨v‡Wvbv QwewU Kvi AuvKv? K) f¨vbMN

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4. Avw`g gvby‡li AuvKv cÖ_g Qwe †h Qwe Avwe®‹vi n‡qwQj- AvbygvwbK ZvK) cÖvq- 10 nvRvi eQi Av‡M

L) 20 nvRvi eQi Av‡M

M) 30 nvRvi eQi Av‡M

N) 40 nvRvi eQi Av‡M|

5. AvjZvwgiv ¸nvwUK) d«v‡Ý

L) †¯ú‡b

M) Rvg©v‡b

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Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ MÖx‡®§i QzwU‡Z mvwgqv Avi wmdvZ evev-gvi mv‡_ Rvcvb cÖevmx dydzi Kv‡Q †eov‡Z †Mj| Rvcv‡bi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Zv‡ì fxlY fv‡jv jvMj| dzdz‡ì cÖwZ‡ekx ÔmyÕ bv‡gi GKRb mgeqmx †Q‡ji mv‡_ Zv‡ì eÜzZ¡ n‡jv| (K) mvwgqv I wmdvZ †Kv_vq †eov‡Z †Mj? (L) †mLv‡b Zviv bZzb K‡i Kx †`Lj? (M) Rvcv‡bi fvlv bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y ÔmyÕ Gi KvQ †_‡K Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| (N) ÔwPÎKjv me©Kv‡j me gvby‡li fvlvÕ eY©bv Ki|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí I Kviywkí evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl, cÖK…wZ I Rxebhvc‡bi mv‡_ AZ¨š— wbweofv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q Avgv‡ì †jvKwkí I Kviywkí| lô †kªwY‡Z Avgiv †jvKwkí I Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ †R‡bwQ| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU †jvKwkí I Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© Rvbe Ges Avgv‡ì Rxeb-hvc‡bi wewfbœ‡¶‡Î †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi eënvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kie|

evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi Qwe G Aa¨vq cov †kl Ki‡j AvgivÑ • evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU †jvKwk‡íi weeiY w`‡Z cvie| • evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU Kviywk‡íi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi e¨envwiK †¶Îmg~‡ni eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • Avgv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi f~wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • wb‡Ri ¯‹z‡j †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi ZvwjKv w`‡q GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 1 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU †jvKwkí evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi fyeb A‡bK we¯—…Z| Avjcbv, bKwk wcVv, bKwk muvP, bKwk cvLv, kxZj cvwU, bKwkKuv_v, bKwk wkKv, †jvKwPÎ, †Ljbv, cyZzj, †kvjvi KvR, euvk †e‡Zi †eov, †jvK-Aj¼vi, †jvKev`¨hš¿, †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ cÖf„wZ wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi wewPÎ RMr| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡gM‡Ä wewfbœ ag©xq AvPvi Abyôvb I Drm‡e wewfbœ iKg †jvKwPÎ ˆZwi Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q gniig m¤úwK©Z wPÎ, cUwPÎ, NUwPÎ, mivwPÎ, †`qvjwPÎ, gy‡LvkwPÎ, wcuwowPÎ BZ¨vw`| G mg¯— †jvKwPÎ Avgv‡ì †jvKwk‡íi Ask| evsjv‡`‡ki Gme êwPÎ¨c~Y© †jvKwkí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖavb cÖavb K‡qKwU m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c †R‡b †bqv hvK| Avjcbv Avjcbv evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb †jvKwkí| evOvwji wewfbœ Drm‡e Avjcbv AvuKv nq| GLb bee‡l©i Abyôvb, Rb¥w`b, we‡q, Mv‡q njy` Ges 21 †deªyqvwi‡Z knx` wgbvi¯’j I mo‡K Avgiv Avjcbvi eënvi †`L‡Z cvB| GQvovI wewfbœ Abyôvb, Drm‡ei †mŠ›`h© I RuvKRgK evwo‡q w`‡Z Avgiv Avjcbvi eënvi Kwi| †h †Kv‡bv ïf Kv‡R Avjcbv AvuKv Avgv‡ì evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi Awe‡”Q`¨ I A‡bK cÖvPxb GKwU ixwZ| Gi D™¢e n‡qwQj g~jZ cÖvPxb evOvwj †jvKRxe‡bi ag© I hv`y wek¦vm‡K †K›`ª K‡i| wewfbœ cÖKvi c~Rv I eªZ Abyôv‡b Avjcbv AvuKv n‡Zv| †hgb j²xc~Rvq †MvjvKvi AvK…wZi Avjcbv †èxi Avmb ev †e`x wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| Avjcbvq eûj eëüZ GKwU †gvwUd n‡”Q Kw¼| Kw¼ GLv‡b j²xi abfvÛv‡ii av‡b fwZ© cÖZxK wPý| GB cÖZxK ev i~cK wPý w`‡q Avjcbv Gu‡K j²x †èxi c~Rv Ki‡j msmv‡i mg„w× Avm‡e| av‡b †Mvjv cwic~Y© _vK‡e| GB wek¦vm †_‡K Ggb Avjcbv AvuKv n‡Zv| Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv mvsmvwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b hv cvevi Avkv Kwi ev †Póv Kwi †m Avkv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Kiv n‡Zv eª‡Zi Abyôvb| GB eª‡Zi Abyôv‡b I Avjcbv AvuKv n‡Zv| eª‡Zi Avjcbvq eëüZ wewfbœ †gvwUd¸‡jv wQj g‡bi Kvgbvi GK GKwU cÖZxK| cieZ©x mg‡q ag©xq Abyôv‡bi MwÛ †cwi‡q Avjcbv evOvwji mKj ag©-e‡Y©i gvby‡li ïf Abyôv‡bi Ask n‡q I‡V| GLb wewfbœ †jvKR †gvwUd †hgbdzj, cvZv, gvQ, cvwL BZ¨vw` Ges bvbv iKg R¨vwgwZK I cÖvK…wZK AvK…wZi eënvi K‡i Avjcbv AvuKv nq| cvwb‡Z Pv‡ji ¸uov wgwk‡q wcVvwj ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡Z b¨vKov wfwR‡q DVv‡b, N‡ii eviv›`vq I †g‡S‡Z Avjcbv

Pvi“ II Kvi“wkí Kvi“Kjv evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí

Avjcbv AvuKv nq| Pv‡ji ¸uov wQwU‡q Zvi Ici Av½yj w`‡q Avjcbv AvuKvi GKwU cÖvPxb ixwZ wQj| Wv‡ji ¸uov, †cvov Zzl, B‡Ui ¸uov cÖf„wZ w`‡q Avjcbvq i‡Oi êwPÎ¨ Avbv n‡Zv| MZvbyMwZKZv I euvavaiv wKQz AvKvi-AvK…wZ Avjcbvi GKwU we‡kl w`K wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Zv| GB euvavaiv AvKvi-AvK…wZ ev bKkv‡K †gvwUd e‡j| Z‡e AvaywbKKv‡j Avjcbv eënv‡ii †¶‡Î I cwiwa e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi Avw½K I †gvwU‡di †¶‡Î G‡m‡Q cwieZ©b| i‡Oi eënv‡i G‡m‡Q êwPÎ¨| GLb c−vw÷K is I wewfbœ i‡Oi A·vBW Gi mv‡_ AvBKv Mvg wgwk‡q Zzwj w`‡q Avjcbv Kiv nq| mivwPÎ wPwÎZ wewfbœ cÖKvi miv †jvKwk‡íi Aš—f©y³| cvwZ‡ji XvKbvi bvg miv| ivbœvN‡ii Kv‡R eëüZ G iKg miv wPwÎZ nq bv| Z‡e G ai‡bi mivwPÎ AvuKv nq wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi we‡q Abyôv‡bi DcKiY wn‡m‡e| miv‡Z mvaviYZ cÙ, cÖRvcwZ I Avbylw½K Ab¨vb¨ wPÎ AvuKv nq| Z‡e mivwP‡Îi me †_‡K D‡j−L‡hvM¨ D`vniY n‡”Q j²xmiv| j²xc~Rvq j²xmiv cÖavb DcKiY| c~Rvi †k‡l Zv M„nm¾vi Rb¨ N‡i ivLv nq| j²xmiv‡Z †èx `yM©vi Qwei mv‡_ j²xi Qwe _v‡K| mv‡_ j²x †èxi evnb †cuPvi QweI _v‡K| †jvKR ixwZ‡Z D¾¡j wewfbœ is w`‡q Gme Qwe AvuKv nq| eZ©gv‡b mivwPÎ Avi ïay ag©xq wel‡q j²xmiv Ave× bq| GLb wewfbœ †jvKR welq I bvbviKg bKkv w`‡q miv AvuKv nq| Gme miv wewfbœ Drme Abyôv‡b mvR-m¾vi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq Ges M„nm¾v‡ZI eënvi Kiv nq| ZvB Gme mivwPÎ Avgv‡ì †jvK-ms¯‹…wZi Ask|

cvV : 2 cU evsjvi †jvKwk‡íi Ab¨Zg GKwU wb`k©b n‡”Q cU| wewfbœ mvgvwRK I ag©xq Abyôv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡iB cU¸‡jv AvuKv n‡Zv| cÆ ev Kvco kã †_‡K cU k‡ãi DrcwË| Rov‡bv cU I †PŠKv cU G `yai‡bi cU AvuKv n‡Zv| Avi Gi wkíxiv cUzqv bv‡g cwiwPZ| Rov‡bv cU †ek eo I j¤^v AvKv‡ii n‡q _v‡K| GKUv c‡U ci ci j¤^vfv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K A‡bK¸‡jv UzK‡iv Qwe| G Qwe¸‡jv †Kv‡bv †jvKKvwnbx ev ag©xq Kvwnbxi wPÎi~c| ey‡×i Rxebx, RvZ‡Ki Mí, K…òjxjv, ivgvqY, †eûjv, j²x›`‡ii Kvwnbx, gnii‡gi Kvwnbx, †mvbvBgvae GiKg eû wel‡qi Dci cU AvuKv n‡Zv| cieZ©xKv‡j †jŠwKK cxi MvRxi Rxe‡bi Mí, KvjyMvRxP¤úveZxi Mí wb‡qI cU AvuKv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv MvRxi cU bv‡g L¨vZ|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

GB cU¸‡jvi `ycÖv‡š— `ywU KvwV jvwM‡q Zvi mv‡_ Rwo‡q ivLv n‡Zv| Kvc‡oi Ici KvMR jvwM‡q Zvi Ici wPÎ AvuKv n‡Zv| ZvQvov Kvc‡oi Ici AvVv‡jv is w`‡qI wPÎ AvuKv n‡Zv| MÖv‡g wKQz †jvK GB cU wb‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i c‡Ui Mí my›ì myi K‡i eY©bv K‡ib| †Q‡j-ey‡ov I †g‡qiv mevB wfo K‡i Gme c‡Ui Mí-Kvwnbx †kv‡bb Ges Lye Avb›` cvb| †PŠK cU †QvU AvKv‡ii KvM‡Ri Ici AvuKv wPÎ| mvaviYZ 1 dzU j¤^v I 6 †_‡K 8 BwÂ PIov nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KvjxNv‡Ui cU wQj weL¨vZ| MvRxi cU KvjxNv‡Ui c‡Ui welqe¯‘i êwPÎ¨ I wkígvb wQj AmvaviY| G¸‡jv‡Z mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †kªwY I †ckvi gvby‡li Rxeb-hvc‡bi fv‡jv-g›` w`K, mvgvwRK AvPviAbvPvi I wewfbœ Abyôvb BZ¨vwì wPÎvqb Kiv n‡Zv| g„Z e¨w³i ¯^M©cÖvwßi Rb¨ P¶z`vb cU bv‡g GKiKg cU AvuK‡Zb cUzqviv| g„Z e¨w³i P¶zwenxb Qwe Gu‡K AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi KvQ †_‡K Dchy³ cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡q Zv‡Z †PvL Gu‡K †`qv n‡Zv| hv‡Z K‡i †m ¯^‡M©i c_ †`L‡Z cvq| cvV : 3 bKwkKuv_v bKwkKuv_v evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq wb`k©b| kxZKv‡j Mv‡q †`qvi Rb¨ Kvco K‡qK ciZ GKm‡½ mvwR‡q Kuv_v †mjvB Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ wKQz Kuv_v ˆZwi Kiv nq bvbv i‡Oi myZvq, bvbviKg bKkv K‡i| A‡bK bKkv w`‡q †h Kuv_v †mjvB nq †mUvB n‡jv bKwkKuv_v| Muv‡qi †g‡qiv Kv‡Ri Aem‡i w`‡bi ci w`b †L‡U myuB-myZvq, is-†ei‡Oi Qwe I bKkv Kuv_vq dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| GBme Qwe‡Z _v‡K A‡bK Mí, A‡bK Kvwnbx| Muv‡qi ea~ Zvi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi myL-`yt‡Li K_v myuB-myZvi Qwei ga¨ w`‡q dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| GK-GKwU Kuv_v evbv‡Z GK eQi, KLbI bKwkKuv_v KLbI `yB eQi mgq †cwi‡q

Pvi“ II Kvi“wkí Kvi“Kjv evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí

hvq| GK-GKwU Kuv_vi wkí ˆbcyY¨ †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq| Kuv_v‡Z †hme bKkv _v‡K Zv n‡jv- dzj, cvZv, MvQ-cvjv, cÙ, Puv`, Zviv, cvwL, gvQ, bvbviKg RxeRš—y GgbwK Ni-evwo BZ¨vw`| Avevi wKQz wKQz Kuv_v‡Z †iLv, e„Ë, †MvjvKvi Ni, wZb‡Kvbv Ni Gme Av`j evievi Nywi‡q wdwi‡q eënvi Kiv nq| GKB Av`j ev bKkvi evievi eënvi‡K Ô†gvwUdÕ e‡j| eënvwiK w`K †_‡K bKwkKuv_v‡K wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ myRwb‡c‡o, †jcKuv_v, Pvì Kuv_v, RvqbvgvR, Avmb Kuv_v, cvjwKi Kuv_v, iygvj Kuv_v BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡k bKwkKuv_v †mjvB‡qi `ywU g~javiv ev ivxwZ Av‡Q| Zvi GKwU n‡jv h‡kvi ixwZ, Ab¨wU ivRkvnx ixwZ| ZvQvovI PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, dwi`cyi cÖf„wZ AÂ‡jI bKwkKuv_vi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ aviv Av‡Q| h‡kvi AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v evsjv‡`‡ki kxl©¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z| G AÂ‡ji Kuv_vi †duvo AZ¨š— m~², is iywPm¤§Z| MÖvgxY †gjvq GB Kuv_v †Kv‡bvw`b wewµ nq bv| wb‡R‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GB Kuv_v ˆZwi nq| Z‡e Ac‡ii digv‡m cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡qI bKwkKuv_v ˆZwi Kiv nq| AvRKvj kn‡ii Kviywk‡íi †`vKv‡b bKwkKuv_v †ePv‡Kbv n‡Z †`Lv hvq| GgbwK we‡`‡ki evRv‡iI Avgv‡ì GB HwZnëvnx wk‡íi weµq n‡q _v‡K| †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ ev †Uiv‡KvUv †cvovgvwUi djK evsjv‡`‡ki Avw` HwZnëvnx †jvKwkí Ges LyeB weL¨vZ| ga¨hy‡M wewfbœ feb I ¯’vcbv‡Z, we‡kl K‡i gw›ì, gmwR` BZ¨vwì †`qv‡j G djKwPÎ eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ ev Terracotta n‡”Q gvwUi cvUvZ‡bi ev dj‡Ki mgvb Rwg‡bi Dci Qwe ev bKkv DuPz DuPz n‡q _v‡K Ggb wiwjd IqvK©| GUv evbv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g KuvPv gvwU w`‡q djK¸‡jv ˆZwi K‡i Zvici cywo‡q †bqv nq| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K e‡j †cvovgvwUi djK| e¸ovi gnv¯’vbM‡o Z_v cÖvPxb cyÛª †Uiv‡KvUv bMixi cÖZœZvwË¡K Lb‡b evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q cÖvPxbZg djKwPÎ cvIqv †M‡Q| gnv¯’vbM‡oi Ges w`bvRcy‡ii Kvš—Rx gw›`‡ii djKwP‡Îi welqe¯‘ bibvix I †è-†èx| Ab¨w`‡K cvnvocyi I Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZi djK¸‡jv‡Z ZrKvjxb mgvR I wbm‡M©i Qwe cvIqv hvq| evNv gmwR‡ì ev Uv½vB‡ji Avw`bv gmwR‡ì djKwP‡Îi welqe¯‘ dzj, jZv-cvZv I R¨vwgwZK bKkv| wKš—y eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK wewfbœ welq I AvK…wZ wb‡q †Uiv‡KvUv ˆZwi n‡”Q| wewfbœ Awdm I evmv-evwoi Af¨š—ixY mvR m¾v I fe‡bi evB‡ii †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨ GLb cÖPzi †Uiv‡KvUv eënvi Kiv n‡”Q|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

23 cvV : 4 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU Kviywkí evsjv‡`‡ki wbZëënvh© wewfbœ wRwbm †hgb- `v, Kzovj, Lš—v, KuvwP, huvZx, jv½‡ji djv, nuvwo, cvwZj, Kjwm, gUKv, Zvgv, KuvmvwcZ‡ji A‡bK wRwbm Ges †bŠKv, wiKkv, LvU-cvj¼, ìRv BZ¨vw`‡Z †mŠ›`h© Av‡iv‡ci Rb¨ Gm‡ei Mv‡q AvuPo †K‡U, †Lv`vB K‡i, KL‡bvev Avjv`v K‡i jvwM‡q jZv, cvZv, dzj, cvwL, wewfbœ RxeRš—y BZ¨vwì Qwe ev bKkv AvuKv nq| KviyKvR Kiv Gme eënvh© mvgMÖx‡K Avgiv Kviywkí ewj| Avgv‡ì †`‡k eû cÖKvi Kviywkí Avgiv eënvi Kwi| Zvi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b Avgiv Rvbe| wiKkv

wiKkv evsjv‡`‡ki my›ì Kviywkí wn‡m‡e wiKkv †`‡k I we‡`‡k L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| wZb PvKv wewkó wiKkv †Pnviv I AvK…wZi w`K †_‡K GKwU wkíKg©| Z`ycwi euvk, c−vw÷K I Kvco w`‡q dzj, cvZv, cvwLi bKkv †K‡U †mjvB K‡i wiKkv‡K my›ìfv‡e mvwR‡q †Zvjv nq| wiKkvi n¨v‡Û‡ji `ycv‡k KLbI KLbI `ywU dzj`vwb ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡Z c−vw÷‡Ki dzj jvMv‡bv nq| Avevi û‡Wi Pvicv‡k iwOb SzbSzwb Szwj‡q mvRv‡bv nq| G‡Z K‡i wiKkv Pjvi mgq SzbSzwbi Q›`gq kã nq| cÖwZwU wiKkvi wm‡Ui †cQb w`‡K my›ì Qwe Gu‡K Zv jvwM‡q †`qv nq| mewgwj‡q wiKkv GKwU AvKl©Yxq Kviywkí| †bŠKv b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡k †bŠKv AZ¨š— cwiwPZ GKwU evnb| GwU ïay Rjc‡_i wbf©i‡hvM¨ I eûj eëüZ evnbB bq eis Avgv‡ì Kviywk‡íiI D¾¡j wb`k©b| †bŠKvi †Pnviv I Mo‡bi w`K †_‡K †hgb wkí ˆbcyY¨ wewfbœ iK‡gi †bŠKv i‡q‡Q, Ggwb KvV †Lv`vB K‡i †bŠKvi Mv‡q A‡bK KviyKvR Kiv nq| †bŠKv Zvi †Pnvivi Kvi‡Y wfbœ wfbœ bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgbMqbv, cvbwm, eRiv, †Kvkv, mvi½, mv¤úvb, Øxc, †R‡jbvI BZ¨vw`| AZx‡Z gq~ic•Lx, wUqv‡VuvwU cÖf„wZ bv‡gi

Pvi“ II Kvi“wkí Kvi“Kjv evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí

†bŠKv wQj| MjyB I Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki Mob gq~i, wUqv BZ¨vw` cvwLi AbyKi‡Y Kiv n‡Zv| †bŠKvi †MvjyB‡Z wcZ‡ji `ywU †PvL, wcZj I Gjywgwbqv‡gi cvZ BZ¨vw` ewm‡q †bŠKv AjsK…Z Kiv nq| cÙ, Puv`, Zviv cÖf„wZ †gvwUd Zvi †kvfv ea©b K‡i| cvV : 5 Kv‡Vi †eov I cvj¼ Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †eov I LvU-cvj¼ evsjv‡`‡ki AwZ cÖvPxb Kviywkí| Kv‡Vi †eov‡Z my›ì KviyKvR K‡i Zv‡Z wmsn, nvwZi gyL, cÙ BZ¨vw` †gvwU‡di eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| Kv‡Vi †eov GK`v dwi`cyi AÂ‡ji GKwU RbwcÖq wkí wQj| ìRvi †Zvi‡Yi `ycv‡k jZv-cvZv gvSLv‡b _v‡K `ywU wmsn| wmsnØv‡ii HwZn¨ †_‡K G ixwZi cÖeZ©b n‡q‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq| Kv‡Vi †eovi g‡Zv Kv‡Vi cvj¼I evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnëvnx Kviywkí| bvbviKg KviyKvh© LwPZ cvj¼ ev LvU eû cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K G‡`‡ki N‡i N‡i eëüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| AZx‡Z cvj‡¼i cvqv evN-wms‡ni _vevi g‡Zv K‡i †Lv`vB Kiv n‡Zv| KL‡bvev Zv cixi g‡Zv K‡i †Lv`vB Kiv n‡Zv| RvZxq Rv`yN‡i iwZ `ywU cvj‡¼i cvqv, gkvwii ÷¨vÛ cixiv †hb aviY K‡i Av‡Q| ZvQvov Av‡Q jZvcvZvi wewPÎ AjsKiY| MÖvg AÂ‡j mPivPi GK‡Rvov gq~i w`‡q LvU-cvj‡¼i gv_vi w`‡Ki KvV AjsK…Z Kiv nq| Kv‡Vi ˆZwi AjsK…Z ìRv cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB Kv‡Vi ˆZwi KviyKvh© LwPZ ìRv Avgv‡ì Kviywkí‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| dzj-jZv-cvZvi bKkv QvovI wmsn, nvwZ cÖf„wZ cÖvYxi gyL †Lv`vB K‡i ìRv AjsK…Z Kiv n‡Zv| myig¨ fe‡bi wekvj AvK…wZi KviyKvh© LwPZ ìRv fe‡bi †mŠ›`h© wØ¸Y K‡i w`Z| GL‡bv †mŠwLb evOvwjiv Zv‡ì evmM„‡n KviyKvh©gq ìRvi eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì iywP‡ev‡ai cwiPq †`q| evsjv‡`‡ki AmsL¨ Kviywkí †_‡K Dc‡i gvÎ K‡qKwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡jv| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv †jvKwkí I Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© Avgiv AviI m‡PZb n‡j G mKj wel‡q AviI Rvb‡Z cvie| evsjv‡`‡ki GK GK AÂ‡j GK GK †jvKwkí I Kviywkí wkí¸‡Yi Rb¨, wbcyY Kv‡Ri Rb¨ I †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv hLb †h Kviywkí ev †jvKwkí nv‡Zi Kv‡Q cv‡e †mwU m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e †LuvR-Lei wb‡q †R‡b †b‡e| cvV : 6 evsjv‡`‡k †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi eënvwiK †¶Îmg~n Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ eënvi i‡q‡Q| hyM hyM a‡i G mg¯— wkí Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b I Z‡cÖvZfv‡e wg‡k Av‡Q| wb‡P wewfbœ †¶‡Î †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi eënvi D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

Rxeb-hvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î †jvKwk‡íi eënvi evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q gvwU, KvV I Kvc‡oi ˆZwi bvbviKg iwOb †Ljbv| G¸‡jv wkígv‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ †QvU wkï‡ì †Ljbv wn‡m‡eI Lye RbwcÖq| we‡kl K‡i MÖvgM‡Äi wkïiv Gme gb †fvjv‡bv †Ljbv w`‡qB Zv‡ì iwOb ˆkke cvi K‡i| Avevi cv‡Ui ˆZwi wkKv, †d¬vig¨vU, †Uwejg¨vU BZ¨vwì eënvwiK Dc‡hvwMZv i‡q‡Q| MÖv‡gM‡Ä N‡i N‡i G¸‡jv eënvi Kiv nq| †jvKwk‡íi mePvB‡Z D‡j−L‡hvM¨ I eûj eëüZ Dcv`vbwU bKwkKuv_v| g‡bvig GB wkíwU wkí¸Y I gv‡b †hgb †miv †Zgwb MÖv‡gM‡Ä GgbwK kn‡iI mgvbfv‡e Gi eënvi nq| kx‡Z G Kuv_vi eënvi nq N‡i N‡i| GgbwK †`‡ki evB‡iI Gi RbwcÖqZv I Pvwn`v Av‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K j²xmiv wn›`y‡ì j²xc~Rvi GKwU cÖavb DcKiY| †Zgwb Avjcbv, †`qvjwPÎ BZ¨vw` evOvwji Drme Abyôv‡bi Ask n‡q D‡V‡Q| el©eiY, c~Rv, we‡q, Rb¥w`b, Mv‡q njy`, knx` wèm mn wewfbœ Abyôv‡b Avjcbv I †`qvjwP‡Îi e¨vcK eënvi Kiv nq| G¸‡jv Abyôvb‡K RuvKRgKc~Y© I iwOb K‡i †Zv‡j| bKwk wcVv evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg AÂ‡ji LyeB RbwcÖq GKwU Lvevi| kx‡Z GB wcVv w`‡q AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, eÜzevÜe‡K Avc¨vqb Kiv nq| Gme bKwk wcVv ïay †`L‡ZB my›ì bq, †L‡ZI my¯^v`y| evOvwji †h †Kv‡bv Drme, Abyôvb I we‡q GB wcVv Qvov n‡Zv bv| GL‡bv GB wcVv we‡q I mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi wcÖq Lvevi| Ab¨w`‡K bKwk cvLvi eënvi Mi‡gi w`‡b MÖv‡gi mv‡_ mv‡_ kn‡iI †`Lv hvq| ga¨hy‡M †Uiv‡KvUv ev †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ wewfbœ ¯’vcbv I ag©xq cÖwZôv‡bi †`qv‡j ¯’vcb Kiv n‡Zv fe‡bi †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨| eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK welq I cÖK…wZ wb‡q cÖPzi †Uiv‡KvUv Kiv n‡”Q| wewfbœ cÖwZôvb, evmv-evwo BZ¨vw`‡Z G mg¯— †Uiv‡KvUvi †mŠwLb eënvi w`b w`b evo‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, †jvKwkí ïaygvÎ GKwU wkí gva¨g bq eis GwU Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î eënvi n‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K my›ì I mg„× Kivi Rb¨ †jvKwk‡íi f~wgKv e¨vcK|

Rxebhvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î Kviywk‡íi eënvi †jvKwk‡íi g‡Zv KviywkíI Avgv‡ì Rxebhvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| Avgiv Rvwb †h, eënvwiK wewfbœ mvgMÖx ev e¯‘‡K AjsK…Z Kiv n‡jB †mUv nq Kviywkí| myZivs mn‡RB †evSv hvq †h, mg¯— KviywkíB Avgv‡ì eënvwiK Kv‡R jv‡M| †hgbÑ euvk, †eZ I Kv‡Vi ˆZwi KviyKvh©gq wewfbœ Avmeve Avgv‡ì M„‡ni †mŠ›`h© †hgb evovq, †Zgwb G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì †kvqv, emv, RvgvKvco msi¶Y, Lvevi ivLv †_‡K wewfbœ Kv‡R eënvi nq| gvwUi ˆZwi KviyKvh©gq wewfbœ nuvwo, cvwZj I evmb-†Kvmb MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Ni msmv‡ii cÖavb DcKiY|Avevi Zvgv, Kuvmv I wcZ‡ji ˆZwi wewfbœ bKkv Kiv ˆZRmcÎI Avgiv wewfbœ Kv‡R eënvi Kwi| my›ì AjsKvi I kvwo evsjv‡`‡ki †g‡q‡ì wbZëënvh© mvgMÖx| bKkv Kiv LvU, cvj¼, ìRv, Avjgvwi Gme †hgb Avgv‡ì myiywPi cwiPq †`q †Zgwb ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Gm‡ei eënvi Acwinvh©| ZvB ejv hvq, Gme wkí Avgv‡ì Rxebhvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

Pvi“ II Kvi“wkí Kvi“Kjv evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÔAvjcbvÕ evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavbK. Kviywkí

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3. evsjv‡`‡ki kxl©¯’v‡b Aew¯’ZK. ivRkvnx AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v

L. dwi`cyi AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v

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N. PÆMÖvg AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v

4. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q cÖvPxb †cvovgvwUi djKwP‡Îi wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡QK. e¸ovi gnv¯’vbM‡o

L. Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZ‡Z

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N. ivRkvnxi evNv gmwR‡`

5. Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †eov I LvU-cvj¼ evsjv‡`‡ki AwZcÖvPxbK. †jvKwkí

L. n¯—wkí

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wb‡Pi kã¸‡jv cvkvcvwk ewm‡q wgj KiÑ evg

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gq~ic•Lx

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ Kv‡R eëüZ wewfbœ mvgMÖx‡Z †mŠ›`h© Av‡ivc Kivi Rb¨ bvbviKg KviyKvR Kiv nq| G mg¯— KviyKvR Kiv eënvi mvgMÖx‡K Avgiv ewj Kviywkí| Avgv‡ì †`‡k n‡iK iKg Kviywkí Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ euvk, †eZ I Kv‡Vi ˆZwi Kviywkí LyeB weL¨vZ| ZvQvov Zvgv, Kuvmv, wcZj, †mvbv, iycv cÖf„wZ avZzi ˆZwi KviyKvh© LwPZ wewfbœ evmbcÎ I Mqbv Avgv‡ì D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Kviywkí| hvbevnb wn‡m‡e eëüZ wiKkv, wewfbœ ai‡bi †bŠKv I cvjwK Avgv‡ì my›ì Kviywkí| K. Kviywkí Kv‡K e‡j? L. KvV w`‡q ˆZwi nq Ggb 5wU Kviywk‡íi bvg †jL| M. cÖwZw`b Avgiv bvbviKg Kviywkí eënvi KwiÑ mywbw`©ó D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Ômgv‡Ri AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kviywkí weKvk jvf Ki‡QÕ-we‡k−lY Ki| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 1. wewfbœ †kªwYwefvM D‡j−L K‡i bKwkKuv_v m¤ú‡K© GKwU weeiY `vI| 2. evsjv‡`‡ki RbwcÖq evnb I my›ì Kviywkí wiKkv m¤ú‡K© GKwU weeiY `vI|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

PZz_© Aa¨vq

Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g i‡q‡Q| †cbwmj, Kvwj-Kjg, Rj is, †Zj is, c¨v‡÷j is, G¨v‡µwjK is mn wewfbœ gva¨‡g Qwe AvuKv hvq| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv Qwe AvuKvi gva¨g- †cv÷vi is, G¨v‡µwjK is I Rj is m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

wewfbœ gva¨‡gi is

G Aa¨vq cov †kl Ki‡j Avgiv• †cv÷vi is Ges Zvi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvie| • G¨v‡µwjK is Ges Zvi e¨enviwewa eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • Rj is Ges Zvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 1 †cv÷vi is Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ †QvU‡ì Kv‡Q wcÖq GKwU gva¨g n‡”Q †cv÷vi is| GwU g~jZ cvwb gva¨‡gi is (water baised)| GB is cvwb w`‡q wgwk‡q AvuK‡Z nq| Z‡e †cv÷vi is‡K ejv hvq A¯^”Q Rj is| Rj i‡Oi Zzjbvq †cv÷vi is fvix I †gvUv| G‡K A¯^”Q is ejv hvq| KviY n‡jv, GKwUi Dci Ab¨ GKwU i‡Oi cÖ‡jc w`‡j Av‡Mi iswU m¤ú~Y© †X‡K hvq| Av‡Mi i‡Oi Aw¯—Z¡ nvwi‡q hvq| †cv÷vi is wewfbœ †k‡W ev bvbv i‡O Kuv‡Pi wkwk‡Z cvIqv hvq| Nb †c‡÷i AvKv‡i wkwk‡Z msiw¶Z _v‡K| is wkwk †_‡K †ei K‡i cvwb w`‡q cwigvYg‡Zv Zij K‡i KvM‡R eënvi Kiv nq| †cv÷vi is w`‡q mvaviYZ KvM‡RB Qwe AvuKv nq| GKUz LmL‡m Rwg‡bi KvM‡R †cv÷vi is eënvi Ki‡Z myweav| Qwe‡Z D¾¡jZv a‡i ivL‡Z GKvwaK Zzwj Ges h_vm¤¢e cwi®‹vi cvwb eënvi Kiv DwPZ| †cv÷vi is w`‡q †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e|

cvV : 2 G¨v‡µwjK is G¨v‡µwjK is wUDe AvKv‡i QvovI Kuv‡Pi Ges c−vw÷‡Ki †KŠUvq †QvU-eo wewfbœ AvK…wZ‡Z cvIqv hvq| Nb †c‡÷i AvKv‡i msiw¶Z GB is cvwb w`‡q Zij K‡i Qwe AvuKv hvq| G¨v‡µwjK is w`‡q KvMR, †evW© ev K¨vbfvm †h †Kv‡bvwU‡ZB Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e| GwUI g~jZ A¯^”Q is| Z‡e cvZjv K‡i ¸wj‡q Rj i‡Oi g‡Zv e¨envi Kiv P‡j| is Lye `ªyZ ïwK‡q hvq e‡j ZvovZvwo Qwe AvuKv hvq| d‡j wkíx‡`i Kv‡Q G mg‡q

I Kvi“gva¨g Kjv Qwe AvuKviPvi“wewfbœ

G¨v‡µwjK is LyeB wcÖq GKwU gva¨g| G¨v‡µwj‡K me is-B cvIqv hvq| evRv‡i c−vw÷K is bv‡g †h is cvIqv hvq †mwUI g~jZ G¨v‡µwjK| Z‡e Zv G¨v‡µwjK is †_‡K A‡c¶vK…Z Zij| c−vw÷K is cvwb wgwk‡q AvuK‡Z nq| cvV : 3 I 4 Rj is †h is cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q Qwe AvuKv nq Ges †h is ¯^”Q Zv‡K ejv nq Rj is| Rj is i‡Oi ev‡· †QvU †QvU †Luv‡c Pvi‡Kvbv U¨ve‡j‡Ui g‡Zv _v‡K| Avjv`v Avjv`v U¨ve‡jU Ae¯’vqI cvIqv hvq| Z‡e wUD‡ei g‡a¨ †c‡÷i ( g‡Zv Ae¯’vqI Rj is ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| Rj is I †cv÷vi is KvQvKvwQ n‡jI ¸YMZ w`K †_‡K A‡bKUv wfbœ| Rj is ¯^”Q I cvZjv| GKwU i‡Oi Ici Av‡iKwU is w`‡q Av‡Mi iswU †X‡K †`qv hvq bv| ¯^”Q nIqvi Kvi‡Y `y‡Uv is wg‡j Ab¨ GKwU is nq| Rj is mvaviYZ KvM‡Ri Ici eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Rj is Qwe AvuKvi R‡b¨ GKUz †gvUv I LmL‡m Rwg‡bi KvMR me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †h †gvUv KvwUª©R cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z Rj i‡O AvuKv †h‡Z cv‡i| hv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e Zviv n¨vÛ‡gW KvMR ev DbœZ ai‡bi KvMR †RvMvo K‡i †b‡e| Rj is eënv‡ii wbqg GK Zv KvwUª©R KvMR A‡a©K K‡i †K‡U bvI| B‡”Q Ki‡j AviI †QvU K‡i wb‡Z cvi| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e KvMR †hb `yg‡o gyP‡o ev fuvR n‡q bv _v‡K| KvUvI †hb my›ì nq| KvMRwU‡K nvW©‡ev‡W©i Ici wK¬c w`‡q Ggbfv‡e AvuUKvI †hb Uvb-Uvb _v‡K| †evW©‡K †g‡S‡Z ev †Kv‡bv DuPz wRwb‡m †njvb w`‡q †Zvgv‡ì mvg‡b ivL| GKUv g‡M cwi®‹vi cvwb bvI| Zvi cv‡k Rji‡O AvuKvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi c¨v‡jU A_ev K‡qKwU mv`v wcwiP ivL| †m mv‡_ i‡Oi wUDe ev i‡Oi †KŠUv¸wj nv‡Zi Kv‡Q ivL| Gevi AvuKv ïiyi cvjv| ïiy Kivi Av‡M Lye fv‡jv K‡i †f‡e bvI Kx AvuK‡e| aiv hvK, mv`v Kv‡jv †g‡N QvIqv AvKvk AvuK‡e| †cbwm‡j nvjKv `vM w`‡q †g‡Ni WªBs K‡i bvI| ivevi w`‡q †gvQvgywQ bv Ki‡jB fv‡jv| †ewk Nl‡j KvM‡Ri gm„YZv bó nq| is jvMv‡j N‡l †Ìqv ¯’v‡b AcÖ‡qvRbxq `vM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| QweI bó n‡Z cv‡i| is jvMvevi Av‡M cwi®‹vi †fRv b¨vKov w`‡q A_ev PIov Zzwj w`‡q KvMRwU‡K wfwR‡q bvI| wKQy¶Y A‡c¶v Ki| †`L‡e KvM‡Ri PzcPz‡c cvwb wKQzUv ïwK‡q G‡m‡Q| Gevi wcwi‡P is bvI| wKQzUv ev`vwg isI wb‡Z n‡e| cvwbi mv‡_ ev`vwg, bxj is Zzwj w`‡q ¸‡j bvI Ges PIov Zzwj w`‡q Ava-†fRv KvM‡R Avj‡Zv K‡i jvMv‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡e is jvMv‡bv ïiy Ki‡Z n‡e KvM‡Ri Dci †_‡K| Zzwj Pvjv‡Z n‡e euv w`K †_‡K Wv‡b| cvwbi g‡Zv is wb‡Pi w`‡K Mov‡e| Mov‡bv is‡K ZvovZvwofv‡e Zzwj w`‡q †U‡b Iqvk †kl Ki‡e| Gfv‡e bxj i‡Oi Iqvk †Ìqvi mgq WªBs Abyhvqx mv`v †g‡Ni Ask¸‡jv †Q‡o hv‡e| A_©vr KvM‡Ri mv`v †hb i‡q hvq| GBfv‡e bx‡ji Iqvk †kl K‡i wKQz¶Y A‡c¶v Ki| is wKQz ïwK‡q G‡j Kv‡jv †g‡Ni KvR ïiy Ki‡e| G Rb¨ bxj Ges Kv‡jv wgwk‡q Avevi Kv‡jv I ev`vwg wgwk‡q `ywU wcwi‡P Avjv`v K‡i cwigvYg‡Zv is ˆZwi K‡i bvI| Gici cÖ_‡g wKQzUv nvjKv K‡i bxj Ges Kv‡jv †gkv‡bv is WªBs Abyhvqx Kv‡jv †g‡Ni As‡k jvMvI| Zvici Kv‡jv Ges ev`vwg †gkv‡bv is Mvp K‡i †ewk AÜKvi †evSv‡Z Av‡Mi i‡Oi Dc‡iB wKQz As‡k jvMvI| †`L‡e †fRv KvMR Ges †fRv i‡Oi Ici GBfv‡e is jvMv‡j e„wói †fRv †fRv Kv‡jv †g‡Ni aibUv G‡m hv‡e| Gevi mv`v †g‡N Kv‡jv Avi ev`vwg is‡K Lye nvjKv K‡i wgwk‡q †hLv‡b †kW cÖ‡qvRb †mLv‡b jvMvI|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

†Zvgv‡`i QwewU AvuKv GLv‡bB †kl| GLv‡b GKwU mnR c×wZi K_v ejv n‡jv| GB c×wZ‡Z Lye Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU Rj i‡Oi Qwe AvuKv hv‡e| Z‡e welq Abymv‡i A‡bK ai‡bi is cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Av‡jvQvqv Abyhvqx i‡Oi ZviZg¨ n‡e Ges mgqI †ewk jvM‡e| †kªwY‡Z wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b evievi Abykxjb K‡i Rj i‡Oi e¨envi AvqË Ki‡Z n‡e|

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. Rj is n‡”QK. A¯^”Q is

L. ¯^”Q is

M. fvix is

N. ˆZjv³ is

2. †cv÷vi i‡O AvuK‡Z nqK. †Zj wgwk‡q

L. Zviwcb wgwk‡q

M. cvwb wgwk‡q

N. Mvg wgwk‡q

3. G¨v‡µwjK is msiw¶Z _v‡KK. Nb †c‡÷i AvKv‡i

L. Zij Kvwji AvKv‡i

M. iwOb KvwVi AvKv‡i

N. †KK AvKv‡i

4. G¨v‡µwjK is wkíx‡`i Kv‡Q wcÖqK. is Lye `ªyZ ïwK‡q hvq e‡j

L. is D¾¡j nq e‡j

M. is gy‡Q hvq bv e‡j

N. Aí is jv‡M e‡j

5. Rj i‡O Qwe AvuKv nq mvaviYZK. K¨vbfv‡m

L. KvM‡R

M. nvW©‡ev‡W

N. Kv‡Vi UzKiv‡Z

msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ 1. wb‡Pi is¸‡jv †_‡K ïay KvM‡R AvuKv hvq Ggb is¸‡jv Avjv`v Ki| G¨v‡µwjK is, c−vw÷K is, Rjis, A·vBW is, †cv÷vi is, UvBWvB, c¨v‡÷j is, †Zj is| 2. †cv÷vi is m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c †jL| 3. Rj is, e¨env‡ii wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki| 4. ÔG¨v‡µwjK is GLb wkíx‡`i wcÖq GKwU gva¨gÕ- K_vwUi e¨vL¨v †jL|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cÂg Aa¨vq

Qwe AuvKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK Abykxjb

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv• msL¨v w`‡q bvbviK‡gi gRvi gRvi Qwe AvuK‡Z cvie| • ˆ`bw›`b e¨envh© wRwb‡mi AvKvi AvK…wZ, MVb cwigvc ej‡Z cvie| • gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ w`‡q bKkv AvuK‡Z cvie| • wb‡R Kíbv K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi bKkv AvuK‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 1 †h mKj Qwe Gu‡K Avgiv Avb›` cve †mme gRvi gRvi Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z GLb Rvbe| 6ô †kªwY‡Z Avgiv mvaviY wbq‡gi Av‡jv‡K dzj, cvZv, bKkv BZ¨vw` wk‡LwQ| †Zvgiv wb‡RivB B‡”Qg‡Zv fv‡jvjvMv Qwe¸‡jv AuvK‡e| Avgiv †QvU‡ejv †_‡K MwYZ ev AsK Kl‡Z wM‡q 1 †_‡K 9 ch©š— msL¨v eënvi K‡i G‡mwQ| GLbI KiwQ Ges mviv RxebB G msL¨v¸‡jv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv GB msL¨v¸‡jv w`‡qI †h gRvi Qwe ˆZwi Kiv hvq Zv wK †f‡ewQ? Gevi Avgiv GB msL¨v¸‡jv w`‡q wKQz gRvi gRvi Qwe ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Riv †hgb Avb›` cve †Zgwb evev, gv, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb I eÜz‡ìI Gu‡K †`wL‡q AevK K‡i wè|

msL¨v w`‡q gRvi Abykxjb

KvR : mK‡j 1 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI|

Pvi“ I Aby Kvi“kKxjb jv Qwe AvuKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK

34 cvV : 2

msL¨v w`‡q gRvi Abykxjb

KvR : mK‡j 2,3 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI cvV : 3

msL¨v w`‡q gRvi Abykxjb

KvR : mK‡j 4 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvV : 4

msL¨v w`‡q gRvi Abykxjb

KvR : 5, 6, 7, 8 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI cvV : 5

msL¨v w`‡q gRvi Abykxjb KvR : mK‡j 9, 0 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI

Pvi“ IAby Kvi“kKxjb jv Qwe AvuKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK

Qwe AuvKvi cÖv_wgK wKQy K_v cÖwZw`b Avgiv Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k †hme wRwbm †`wL †mme wRwb‡mi ev¯—eagx© Qwe AuvKvi mgq Zvi AvKvi AvK…wZi cÖwZ LyeB m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e| KviY G welqwU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Avgiv c~e© cv‡V AvKvi AvK…wZ m¤c‡K© GKUv aviYv †c‡q G‡mwQ| c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q Zvi †ewki fvMB e„Ë, PZyf©yR wKsev wÎfy‡Ri gv‡S Ave×| we‡kl K‡i e„Ë I PZzfy©‡Ri gv‡S me we›`y‡K GKUv AvKv‡i cÖv_wgKfv‡e i~c`vb Kiv hvq| ev¯—eag©x wPÎvsK‡bi †¶‡Î GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡jv- AvKvi hZB eo wKsev †QvU †nvK bv †Kb, AvK…wZ wVK ivL‡ZB n‡e| †hgb-

mg AvKvi mg AvK…wZ

mg AvKvi c„_K AvK…wZ

mg AvK…wZ c„_K AvKvi

c„_K AvKvi c„_K AvK…wZ

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

c~‡e©B e‡jwQ †h †Kv‡bv wPÎ AsKb gv‡bB KZ¸‡jv †iLvi mgwó, †mUv mij, euvKv, e„ËvKvi wKsev †h †Kv‡bv fv‡eB n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB AsK‡bi †¶‡Î cÖwZwU †iLvB mgvb ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i| bvbv ai‡bi †iLvi mgš^‡q KZ¸‡jv Abykxjb †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-

†iLvi mgš^‡q Abykxjb

GB mKj welqmg~n AsK‡bi mgq †h welq¸‡jv Avgv‡`i g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv welqe¯‘ ev ˆ`N©¨, cÖ¯’, D”PZv, Zvi mylgZv †`Lvi AbycvZ Ges Zvi h_v_© ¯’vcbv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Mfxifv‡e `„wócvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G mKj welqmg~n wVK †i‡L Avgiv †h †Kv‡bv e¯‘ ev welq AsKb Kwi bv †Kb, Zvi GKUv my›`i cÖKvk Aek¨B dz‡U DV‡e|

Pvi“ IAby Kvi“kKxjb jv Qwe AvuKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK

cÖK…wZ †_‡K Abykxjb

Avgv‡ì Pviw`‡K Avgiv hv wKQy †`LwQ Zvi meB cÖK…wZ| GB cÖK…wZi Av‡Q ewY©j i~c| m~‡hv©`q †_‡K m~h©v¯— ch©š— cÖwZ ¶‡Y ¶‡Y Gi i~c cvëvq| mKv‡ji big Av‡jvq cÖK…wZi †h i~c, `ycy‡ii cÖLi Av‡jvq Zv cv‡ë hvq| Avevi m~h©v‡¯— †m i~c nq wfbœ Abyf‡ei-Avi G me wKQyB N‡U Av‡jv-Qvqvi AveZ©‡b| Avevi FZzi êwPÎ¨ZvqI Gi cwieZ©b N‡U bvbvi~‡c| MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngš—, kxZ, em‡š— bvbv i~‡c cÖK…wZ mv‡R Aci~c †mŠ›`‡h©| cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ †`L‡Z Avgiv mevB fv‡jvevwm| MÖvg-evsjvi bvbvb `„k¨, w`Mš— we¯—…Z gvV| `~‡ii m~‡h©v`q wKsev m~h©v¯—, b`x-gvZ…K evsjvi Aci~c †mŠ›`h© Avgv‡ì cÖvY Quy‡q hvq| KL‡bvev cwicvwU kn‡ii iv¯—vNvU, bxj AvKvk, bvMwiK mf¨Zv GB mewKQy Avgv‡ì g‡b †iLvcvZ K‡i| GBme `„k¨ AsK‡bi c~‡e© †Zvgv‡K Mfxifv‡e welq¸‡jv‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| ai, Zzwg †Kv_vqI †eov‡Z †M‡j- †mLv‡b ïay gv‡Vi ci gvV, A‡bK `~‡i †QvU †QvU Kuz‡o Ni, Av‡iv A‡bK `~‡i b`x‡Z K‡qKwU cvj‡Zvjv †bŠKv, AvKv‡k K‡qKwU cvwL D‡o hv‡”Q, mvg‡bi w`‡K K‡qKwU ZvjMvQ| QwewU †Zvgvi g‡bi gv‡S aviY K‡i wb‡q G‡m hLb evmvq GKUv †QvU KvM‡R AvuK‡Z em‡e, ZLb c~‡e© †h Qwe AuvKvi mvaviY wbqg¸‡jv †R‡bQ, †hgb- AvKvi, AvK…wZ, `~iZ¡ AbzcvZ, Av‡jvQvqv BZ¨vwì ms‡hv‡M Gi mv‡_ †Zvgvi g‡bi gvayix w`‡q AuvK‡e, QwewU ZLb †Zvgvi Kv‡Q AviI †ewk Rxeš— n‡q DV‡e| ZvB †Kv‡bv wKQy AuvKvi c~‡e© †Zvgvi ch©‡e¶Y ¶gZv hZ †ewk evo‡e QweI ZZ †ewk cÖvYeš— n‡q DV‡e|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

Gme welq †Lqvj †i‡L wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b cÖK…wZ †_‡K wewfbœ wel‡qi Qwe AuvKvi Abykxjb Ki‡e|

bKkv

gvQ I cvwL w`‡q bKkv 6ô †kªwY‡Z Avgiv bvbv AvKvi †hgb wÎfyR, PZzf©yR, e„Ë BZ¨vw` w`‡q bKkv AsK‡bi †KŠkj †R‡bwQ| Avevi dzj, jZv-cvZv w`‡qI bvbv cÖKv‡ii bKkv AsK‡bi Abykxjb K‡iwQ| GLb Avgiv I ¸‡jvi mv‡_ AviI wKQz welq †hgb cvwL, gv‡Qi AvK…wZ wb‡q wb‡R‡ì m„Rbkxj wPš—v w`‡q AviI my›ì my›ì bKkv AvKue| †h †Kv‡bv bKkv AsK‡bi c~‡e©, bKkvq †h mKj welq eënvi Kie Zvi AvKvi I AvK…wZ¸‡jv Avjv`v K‡i Gu‡K c‡i Zv GKwU wbw`©ó gv‡ci gv‡S mvRv‡j my›ì bKkv ˆZwi n‡e|

gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ w`‡q bKkv bKkv n‡Z cv‡i wewfbœ Kv‡Ri cª‡qvR‡b| †hgbÑ kvwoi cvo, KvwgR ev cvÄvwei Mjvi bKkv, †Uwej K¬_ ev Kzk‡bi Rb¨, dzj`vwb, bKwk cvwZj ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv wRwbm‡K wkíi~c †`qvi Rb¨ bKkvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| KvR: gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ e¨envi K‡i 8"x 8" gv‡c †Zvgvi g‡bi g‡Zv GKUv bKkv Gu‡K †`LvI|

Pvi“ IAby Kvi“kKxjb jv Qwe AvuKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK

bgybv cÖkœ e¨venvwiK : 1. †Zvgvi cQ›`g‡Zv †Kv‡bv msL¨v w`‡q gRvi †Kv‡bv Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI| 2. AvKvi-AvK…wZi wfbœZv †`wL‡q †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU e¯—y AsKb K‡i †`LvI| 3. †Zvgvi wcÖq FZzi GKwU wPÎ †cv÷vi is A_ev Rj i‡O AuvK| 4. 2B Ges 4B †cwÝj e¨envi K‡i †Zvgvi g‡bi g‡Zv GKUv †cwÝj †¯‹P Ki| 5. 8"x10" cwigv‡c gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ e¨envi K‡i GKUv bKkv AuvK|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

lô Aa¨vq

G Aa¨vq †k‡l AvgivÑ • Zzjv w`‡q wewfbœ cÖKvi †mŠwLb †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| • wewfbœ i‡Oi Kzkb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| • Zzjv w`‡q wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ †MU ev e¨vbvi wjL‡Z cvie| m~wPwkí • myyuB-myZv w`‡q Kvc‡oi Dci wewfbœ †duvo Zzj‡Z cvie| • wewfbœ †duv‡oi bvg Rvbe I wewfbœ bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| • Kvco I Zzjv w`‡q wewfbœ iKg †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| †djbv wRwbm w`‡q wkíKg© • †djbv wRwbm w`‡q A‡bK wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| • GBme wRwbm w`‡q wb‡R‡`i Ni mvRv‡Z cvie| • wRwb‡mi AcPq Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi †PZbv evo‡e| • Avjy I †Xuok †K‡U bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

cvV : 1

Zzjv I Kvc‡oi ˆZwi Kviywkí Zzjv w`‡q my›`i GKwU nuv‡mi Qwe ˆZwi Kwi| GQvov wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj I cvZv w`‡q mvRv‡bv dzj`vwbi Qwe, cvwL, weovj Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwbm ˆZwi Kwi| Kfvimn GKwU Kzkb ˆZwi Kwi|

DcKiY Zzjv w`‡q KviyKg© Ki‡Z †M‡j g~j DcKiY n‡jv Zzjv Zv †Zv eyS‡ZB cviwQ| e¨v‡ÛR Kivi Zzjv, mvaviY †cuRv Zzjv, wewfbœ is, wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco, wcP‡evW©, †evW© KvMR, mv`v KvMR, Kve©b KvMR, gq`vi AvVv, AvBKv AvVv, KvuwP, myuP, myZv BZ¨vw`| Z‡e `yiKg Zzjv i‡q‡Q| †jLv I Kzk‡bi Rb¨, †jc ˆZwi Kivi †cuRv ev aybv Zzjv Avi Qwei Rb¨ ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i mvRv‡bv e¨v‡ÛR Kivi Zzjv | GQvov jvM‡e-wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco, mv`v KvMR, iwOb KvMR, wcP‡evW©, cvwb‡Z †Mvjv‡bv is, gq`vi Nb AvVv, aviv‡jv KvuwP, †cbwmj, Kve©b †ccvi, PK, wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco, †gvUv mv`v KvMR A_ev ev`vwg KvMR BZ¨vw`|

cvV: 2

Zzjv w`‡q †jLv Gevi Zzjv w`‡q †jLvi KvR Avi¤¢ Kwi| cÖ‡qvRbxq gv‡ci iwOb Kvco †bB| jvj, bxj, meyR wKsev †e¸wb †h is Avgv‡`i fv‡jv jv‡M ZvB| is Mvp n‡Z n‡e, nvjKv i‡O fv‡jv †`Lv‡e bv| cwi®‹vi cvKv †g‡S wKsev †Uwe‡ji Dci Kvco wewQ‡q hv †jLv n‡e Zv eo eo A¶‡i PK w`‡q wj‡L †bB| †cuRv Zzjv w`‡q †QvU †QvU e‡ji g‡Zv ¸wU ˆZwi Kwi| nv‡Zi Zvjyi Dci gvwU †i‡L Ab¨ nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q Nywi‡q Nywi‡q †hgb K‡i iywU †ejvi AvUvi ej ˆZwi Kiv nq, wVK †Zgwb Zzjvi ¸wU ˆZwi Kiv hvq| Gevi Kvc‡oi Ici P‡Ki †jLv eivei gq`vi Nb AvVvi †jB jvwM‡q Zzjvi ¸wU¸‡jv Pvc w`‡q GKwU GKwU K‡i ewm‡q hvB| ¸wU emvevi mgq GKwU AciwUi Mv †Nu‡l emv‡Z n‡e| AvVv jvMve Kvc‡oi g‡a¨ GKwU Avaywji g‡Zv †Mvj K‡i ¸wUi wVK wb‡P | ¸wU¸‡jv me mgvb K‡i ˆZwi Kie| GKB †jLvq †QvU-eo ¸wU e¨envi Ki‡j †jLv fv‡jv †`Lv‡e bv| ¸wUi e¨vm 2 ev 3 †mwg. ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| †gvUv †jLvi Rb¨ eo ¸wU Avi miy †jLvi Rb¨ †QvU ¸wU| Qwe †`‡L Avgiv mn‡RB Zzjv w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv †jLv wjL‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

Zzjv w`‡q †jLv

cvV : 3

Zzjv w`‡q Qwe †h QwewU ˆZwi Kie Zv‡Z mv`v, jvj, njy`, Kgjv, †e¸wb cÖf„wZ bvbv i‡Oi dzj _vK‡e, Avi _vK‡e meyR cvZv I WvUv| _vK‡e dzj`vwb, ZvB bvbv i‡Oi Zzjvi cÖ‡qvRb| cvwb‡Z †Mvjv‡bv hvq G iKg cvDWvi is evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| hw` cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi is bv cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j GK i‡Oi mv‡_ Aci is wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv is ˆZwi K‡i wbe| jvj I njy` wgwj‡q Kgjv is cve, jvj I bxj wgwj‡q cve †e¸wb is| evRv‡i †h meyR is cve Zv Mv‡Qi cvZvi meyR is bq| GB meyR i‡Oi mv‡_ mvgvb¨ GKUz jvj is wgwk‡q w`‡j Mv‡Qi cvZvi meyR is n‡e| Qwe‡Z hZ¸‡jv is e¨envi Kie Zvi me KqwU i‡Oi Zzjv Av‡MB is K‡i ïwK‡q ivLe| Zzjv w`‡q †h QwewU ˆZwi Kie, Gevi †cbwmj w`‡q KvM‡R Zvi Qwe AvuwK| Zzjvi Qwe hZ eo Kie KvM‡Ri Qwe wVK ZZ eo K‡i AvuKe| Qwe‡Z wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj _vK‡e, ZvB dzj¸‡jv n‡e wewfbœ Rv‡Zi I †QvU eo wewfbœ AvKv‡ii| wewfbœ Rv‡Zi dz‡ji cvZvI n‡e wewfbœ AvKvi AvK…wZi| Gme welq g‡b †i‡L QwewU AuvwK| Kve©b KvM‡Ri Kvwj wewQ‡q Zvi Ici †cwÝj w`‡q AvuKv QwewU emvB| wK¬c ev Avjwcb w`‡q KvMR¸‡jv GKmv‡_ AvUwK‡q †bB, hv‡Z bvovPvov Ki‡jI m‡i bv hvq| Gevi Qwei Ici w`‡q cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iLv a‡i †cbwmj Pvwj‡q QwewU Gu‡K wbe| Kve©b KvM‡Ri Ici weQv‡bv KvM‡R D‡ëv n‡q Qwei Qvc c‡o †M‡Q| G iKg AviI `y-wZbwU D‡ëv Qwei Qvc w`e| †cbwm‡j AvuKv QwewU‡Z is w`‡q wVK K‡i †be Zzjvi ˆZwi Qwe‡Z †Kvb dz‡ji Kx is n‡e? dzj`vwbi is Kx n‡e? cvZvi is †Kgb n‡e?

Zzjv w`‡q Qwe

Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e †K‡U ivLv GK GK fvM KvMR wbB| Qwei Qv‡ci D‡ëv wc‡V gq`vi AvVv jvwM‡q wbw`©ó i‡Oi Zzjv cÖvq 1 †mwg. cyi“ K‡i ewm‡q Pvc †`B, hv‡Z fv‡jv K‡i †j‡M hvq| KvM‡Ri me KqwU UzK‡iv Gfv‡e Zzjv jvwM‡q GKUz ïwK‡q wbB| Qwei Pvicv‡k †ekwKQy RvqMv _vK‡e| Ggwb gv‡ci GK UzK‡iv k³ wcP‡evW© Ges wcP‡ev‡W©i PvB‡Z ˆ`‡N©¨ cÖ‡¯’ 5 †mwg. K‡i eo GK UzK‡iv Kv‡jv i‡Oi fv‡jv Kvco wbB| Kvco fv‡jv K‡i Bw¯¿ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, hv‡Z KzuPKv‡bv bv _v‡K| Kvc‡oi Ici wcP‡evW© ewm‡q Pvi wKbvivq fv‡jv K‡i AvVv jvwM‡q Pvicv‡ki evowZ KvMR fuvR K‡i †ev‡W©i mv‡_ †mu‡U †`B| †Lqvj ivLe †ev‡W©i Ici Kvco †hb Uvb n‡q _v‡K, †Kv_vqI †hb wXjv bv nq| Gevi Zzjv jvMv‡bv KvMR¸‡jv Kve©b KvM‡Ri Qvc eivei aviv‡jv KuvwP w`‡q †K‡U Zzjvi dzj, cvZv, WuvUv, dzj`vwb BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kie| KvM‡R AvuKv iwOb Qwe †`‡L Zzjvi dzj`vwb, dzj, cvZv, BZ¨vw` wcP‡evW© jvMv‡bv Kv‡jv Kvc‡oi Ici Qwei g‡Zv mvRvB| wVKfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡j GK GK Ask Zz‡j †cQ‡bi KvM‡R fv‡jv K‡i AvVv jvMvB Ges Avevi wVK RvqMvq ewm‡q Pvc w`‡q Kvc‡oi mv‡_ †mu‡U †`B| †Lqvj ivLe Qwei Ask¸‡jv Pviw`‡K †hb Kvc‡oi mv‡_ fv‡jv K‡i jv‡M, †Kv_vqI †hb D‡V bv _v‡K| Gevi †`wL, wewfbœ i‡Oi Zzjv w`‡q ˆZwi QwewU †ek my›ì jvM‡Q| dzj I cvZv¸‡jv Avmj dzj I cvZvi g‡Zv big big g‡b n‡”Q! Avgiv †Póv Ki‡j GB wbq‡g Avgv‡ì Lywkg‡Zv my›ì my›ì Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| dz‡ji†fZi †Kki w`‡Z PvB‡j cvcwo¸‡jv Avjv`vAvjv`vfv‡e †K‡U gvSLv‡b Ab¨ i‡Oi Zzjvi †Kki ewm‡q Pviw`‡K cvcwo¸‡jv ewm‡q w`‡Z n‡e| ïay dyj-

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

cvZvi Qwe bq, GB wbq‡g wewfbœ i‡Oi Rvgv-Kvco cwi‡q gvby‡li Qwe, cï, cvwL, MvQcvjv cÖf„wZi Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| Zzjv w`‡q Kiv Qwe KvuP w`‡q †d«g K‡i †`qv‡j UvwO‡q ivL‡j LyyeB my›`i †`Lv‡e|

cvV : 4

m~wPwkí Avgiv evwo‡Z gv‡K †mjvB Ki‡Z †`wL| Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Rvgv-Kvco, Rvgvi Ici my›ì bKkv BZ¨vw` A‡bK m~wPwkí Zvuiv K‡ib| myuB, myZvi bvbviKg KvR Avgiv wb‡RivI Kwi| †hgb-†evZvg jvMv‡bv, †Quov Kvco †Rvov †`qv, †QvULv‡Uv iygvj, †Uwe‡ji Kvco BZ¨vw`| MÖv‡g I kn‡i A‡bK evwo‡ZB Avgiv Kuv_v eënvi Kwi| wKQy Av‡Q mvaviY Kuv_v Avevi wKQy Av‡Q bKwkKuv_v| Kuv_vq A‡bK i‡Oi myZv w`‡q †mjvB I bKkv _v‡K| †`L‡ZI Lye PgrKvi | Kuv_vq cvwL, gvQ, dzj, jZvcvZv, nvwZ, †Nvov, gvbyl BZ¨vw` A‡bK wKQyB iwOb myZvq †mjvB K‡i Qwe I bKkv AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv nq| Avevi A‡b‡K †QvU †QvU bKwkKuv_v Qwei g‡Zv evuavB K‡i N‡i mvwR‡q iv‡L| GB †h wkí, G‡K Avgiv ewj m~wPwkí| GB wkí Pviywk‡íi GKwU D‡j−L‡hvM¨ welq| eûKvj a‡i bvwb-`vwìv bvbv iKg bKkv Kiv cvLv, †Zvqv‡j, RvqbvgvR, Kuv_v BZ¨vw` †mjvB Ki‡Zb| Aemi mgq Zuviv A‡bK w`b a‡i GK GKwU Kuv_v ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| myuB, myZv w`‡q wb‡R‡ì myL-`yt‡Li Kvwnbx bKkv K‡i dzwU‡q Zzj‡Zb| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡g-M‡Ä mvaviY cwiev‡ii gwnjviv GL‡bv bvbv iKg bKwkKuv_v ˆZwi Ki‡Qb| GB bKwkKuv_vi cwiwPwZ I L¨vwZ †jvKwkí wn‡m‡e c„w_exi me©Î| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ Rv`yN‡i I c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ msMÖnkvjvq evsjv‡`‡ki GB †jvKwk‡íi msMÖn i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k GB wk‡íi †ek cÖPjb n‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡ì cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡qI evRv‡i wewµ n‡”Q| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Gi Kì †e‡o‡Q| GB ai‡bi †jvKwkí ißvwb K‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡k A‡bK ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z n‡”Q| m~wPwkí mvaviYZ MÖv‡gi †g‡qivB †ewk K‡i _v‡K| GB wkí Avgv‡ì †mŠ›`h© †ev‡ai gvb Dbœqb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbI †gUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| myuB, myZvi KvR Kiv iygvj, †Uwe‡ji Kvco, kvwo, KvwgR, Iobv, c¨v›U, †QvU wkï‡ì d«K, c`v© BZ¨vw` †`L‡Z LyeB my›ì| Avgiv wb‡RivI G ai‡bi Rvgv Kvco ci‡Z Lye cQ›` Kwi| ZvB GB wkí wk‡L wbR wbR cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x n‡Z cvie| †mjvB †duv‡oi Kv‡Ri cÖavb welq n‡jv bvbv ai‡bi †duvo I bvbv i‡Oi myZvi h_vh_ eënvi|

DcKiY Gevi Kvc‡o ev P‡U myuB, myZv w`‡q †mjvB K‡i bKkv Ki‡Z n‡j, Avgv‡ì bvbv ai‡bi †duvo Rvbv ìKvi| m~wPwkí ev GgeªqWvwi Kv‡R A‡bK ai‡bi †duvo eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GLv‡b K‡qKwU †duvo I G¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq; †duvo¸‡jvi †Pnviv †Kgb Zv eyS‡Z cvie I †duvo¸‡jv Zzj‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

ivwbs †duvo ev ivb †mjvB wewfbœ †duv‡oi g‡a¨ ivwbs †duvo ev ivb †mjvB me‡P‡q mnR| †h Kvc‡oi Ic‡i †mjvB Kie †mwU‡K euv nvZ w`‡q GKUz DuPz K‡i a‡i Wvb nv‡Z myuB wb‡q †mjvB Kie| Kvco euv nv‡Zi Ic‡i †i‡L ey‡ov Av½yj w`‡q Aewkó PviwU Av½y‡ji Dci KvcoLvbv‡K †P‡c awi, Wvb nv‡Z myuB a‡i, GKev‡i 3 †_‡K 4wU †duvo Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e cÖwZeviB 34wU †duvo †èvi ci, myZv †U‡b †mjvBwU k³ K‡i †be| ivwbs †duvo †kLvi Rb¨ mv`v Kvco n‡j iwOb myZv, iwOb Kvco n‡j mv`v myZv eënvi Kie| KviY G‡Z †mjvB †mvRv I mgvb n‡”Q wKbv Zv mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvie| GB †duvo w`‡q †hgb †iLv †mjvB Kiv hvq, †Zgwb fivU †mjvBI Kiv hvq| bKwkKuv_vq ivwbs †duvo eûjfv‡e eënvi Kiv nq| ivb †duvo I bKkv

ivb †duvo, ivb †duv‡oi fivU I ivb †duv‡oi bKkv

ivb †duvo w`‡q bKwkKuv_vi RvqbvgvR

†ng †duvo ev gywo †mjvB †Uwe‡ji Kvco, iygvj, Rvgv BZ¨vw` Kvc‡o ˆZwi †h †Kv‡bvwUi wKbviv gy‡o †mjvB Kivi Rb¨ GB †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq| †Uwe‡ji Kvco, iygvj, Rvgv BZ¨vw` Kvc‡o ˆZwi †h †Kv‡bvwUi wKbviv gywo †mjvB Kievi Rb¨ †h †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †ng †dvuo ev gywo †mjvB e‡j| GB †mjvB Kivi mgq Kvc‡oi wKbviv Ggbfv‡e fuvR K‡i †be, hv‡Z wKbvivi myZv¸‡jv †ewi‡q bv c‡o| GB †dvuo w`‡q Kzkb, Rvgv, kvwo, †Uwe‡ji Kvco BZ¨vw`‡Z G¨vc−xK wbq‡g bKkv Kiv hvq| G¨vc−xK n‡jv iwOb Kvco †K‡U Ab¨ Kvc‡oi Ici ewm‡q bKkv Kiv| †ng ev gywo †mjvB wk‡L wb‡j Avgiv G¨vc−xK c×wZ‡Z bvbv iKg KvR Ki‡Z cvie|

†ng †duvo ev gywo †mjvB

†ng †duvo w`‡q G¨vc−xK KvR

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

e‡Lqv †dvuo e‡Lqv †duvo †mvRv w`‡K †gwk‡bi †mjvB-Gi g‡Zv †`L‡Z nq| GB †duvo Zzj‡Z n‡j, ivwbs †duv‡oi g‡Zv wbP †_‡K Ic‡i myuB Pvwj‡q †duvo Zzj‡Z nq| c‡i mvgvb¨ GKUz mvg‡b Avevi Ic‡i myuB w`‡q †duvo Zz‡j Avwb| myuB Gi gyLwU Avevi Av‡Mi †duv‡oi Kv‡Q wdwi‡q Avwb| cybivq Ici †_‡K wb‡P †duvo Zzwj| Gfv‡e evi evi †duvo w`‡q mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvB| †`Le †gwk‡bi †mjvB‡qi g‡Zv †mjvB n‡q‡Q| GB †dvuo mvaviYZ Rvgv-Kvc‡oi †Rvov jvMv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb nq| e‡Lqv †dvu‡oi †Rvov Lye k³ nq| ZvQvov GB †dvuo w`‡q bvbv iKg bKkvI Kiv hvq| †hgb-25 †mwg. PIov I 25 †mwg. j¤^v Kvc‡o cÖ_‡g †cwÝ‡j GKwU gv‡Qi Qwe Gu‡K †iLv Abyhvqx e‡Lqv †dvuo Zz‡j gv‡Qi QwewU dzwU‡q Zyj‡Z cvwi| Ab¨vb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv bKkvI e‡Lqv †dvuo w`‡q Ki‡Z cvie|

e‡Lqv †duvo I e‡Lqv †duv‡oi bKkv

cvV : 6

†÷g †duvo ev Wvj †duvo Wvj †duvo mvaviYZ Mv‡Qi Wvj, dyj I cvZvi Wvj, jZv BZ¨vw` bKkv †mjvB Kievi R‡b¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| GB †dvuo w`‡q †iLvi AvKv‡i †mjvB K‡i †M‡j, †iLvwU `woi g‡Zv c¨vuPv‡bv cu¨vPv‡bv †`Lv hvq| Wvj †dvuo w`‡q †mjvB Kievi mgq †dvuo¸‡jv ci ci mvg‡b †_‡K †cQ‡bi w`‡K Avm‡e| m~u‡P myZv cwi‡q myZvi gv_vq wMuU †`B| m~u‡Pi gv_v Kvc‡oi wbP w`K w`‡q Ic‡i Zywj| m~u‡Pi gv_v †hLv‡b DVj Zvi †_‡K mvgvb¨ †cQ‡b evu w`‡K GKUz mwi‡q, myuB XywK‡q, †dvuo `ywUi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq, Wvb

†÷g †duvo ev Wvj †duvo

50 w`‡K GKUz mwi‡q m~u‡Pi gv_v DVvB| Gevi m~u‡Pi gv_v †hLv‡b DVj Zvi †cQ‡b euv w`‡K GKUz mwi‡q Avevi m~u‡Pi gv_v †XvKvB Ges †kl `yB †duv‡oi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq GKUz Wv‡b mwi‡q m~u‡Pi gv_v IVvB| Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK †dvuo w`‡q mvg‡b †_‡K †cQ‡bi w`‡K Avm‡Z _vwK| †`wL †mjvB †Kgb my›`i †`Lv‡”Q!

cvV : 7

†PBb †duvo GB †duvo †`L‡Z A‡bKUv †kK‡ji g‡Zv| †PBb †duv‡oi R‡b¨ A‡c¶vK…Z GKUz †gvUv myZv wbB| myZvi †kl gv_vq k³ K‡i wMuU bKkvwU Wvj †duvo w`‡q Kwi †`B| A_ev k³ K‡i GKwU †duvo Zzwj| myuB, myZv †U‡b Ic‡i Zzwj| Gevi mu~‡Pi gv_vq Wvb nvZ euv‡q myZv Nywi‡q GKwU †duvo Zzwj| †`Le †duvowU GKwU †ewoi g‡Zv n‡q‡Q (nvZ Nyivevi mgq myZv wKQyyUv wX‡j ivL‡e)| mu~PwU‡K Gevi Av‡Mi †dvu‡oi cvk w`‡q XywK‡q wbP †_‡K Ic‡i Zzwj| †duvo †Zvjvi mgq m~Pu , myZvi Ici memgq ivL‡Z n‡e| myZv Avevi Wvb †_‡K evu‡q Nywi‡q †duvo Zzwj| Gfv‡e †duv‡oi cvk w`‡q myuB XywK‡q wbP †_‡K Ic‡i myZv Avwb| †PBb †duvo w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv †cvkv‡K bKkv Kiv hvq| we‡kl K‡i Rvgv, kvwo, iygvj, †Uwe‡ji Kvco BZ¨vw`‡Z dzj, jZvcvZv Kiv hvq | fivU Kv‡RI GB †duvo eënvi Ki‡Z cvie| wPÎKjvq êwPÎ¨ Avb‡Z GB †mjvB eënvi Ki‡Z cvie|

†PBb †duvo

†jwR-†WBwR †duvo †jwR-†WBwR †duvo †PBb †duv‡oi g‡ZvB Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e †PBb †mjvB‡q †duvo¸‡jv jvBb a‡i mvg‡b GwM‡q hvq Ges G †duvo¸‡jvi Avjv`v Avjv`v GK-GKwU †PBb †duvo _v‡K| iygvj, †QvU‡`i Rvgv-Kvco ev †h‡Kv‡bv †cvkvK ciw”Q` †_vKv †_vKv dzj, bKkv, jZv, cvZv BZ¨vw` GB †duvo w`‡q Ki‡j PgrKvi †`Lvq|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

Gevi iygv‡j dzj jZv-cvZvi bKkv Gu‡K Zv‡Z †jwR-†WBwR †duvo Zz‡j bKkvwU dzwU‡q Zzwj| wewfbœ iK‡gi †duvo †kLv n‡jv| Gevi GKwU iygvj I †Uwe‡ji Kvco ˆZwi Kivi †Póv Kwi| iygvj cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖ‡qvRb| Avgiv ¯‹z‡j ev Ab¨ †Kv_vI †ei nevi mgq mv‡_ GKwU iygvj ivwL| Zvn‡j cÖ_‡gB GKwU iygvj ˆZwi Kiv wkwL| iygvj †mjvB wk‡L wb‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z cvie| Ab¨‡`iI Dcnvi w`‡Z cvie|

†jwR-†WBwR †duvo

†jwR-†WBwR †duv‡oi bKkv

cvV : 8

µm †dvuo GB †duvo A‡bKUv µm ev ¸Y wP‡ýi g‡Zv| µm †duv‡oi Rb¨ mvaviYZ †bU wKsev †mjyjv Kvco e¨envi Kiv nq| †mjyjv Kvc‡oi Rwg Ni Ni Kiv Q‡Ki g‡Zv| P‡Ui IciI GB †duvo my›`ifv‡e Kiv nq|

µm †duvo w`‡q R¨v‡K‡Ui bKkv MÖvd ev QK KvM‡R AvuKv bKkvwU Ni ¸‡b ¸‡b Kwi

Zviv †dvuo Zviv †dvuo n‡jv A‡bKUv µm †dv‡oi g‡Zv| Qwe †`‡L Abvqv‡m GB †duvo Zzj‡Z cvie| GB †dvuo mvaviYZ †PK Kvco ev P‡U Kiv mnR|

cvV : 9

Zviv †dvuo

†evZvg Ni †dvuo Rvgv Kvc‡o †evZvg Ni KvUvi ci KvUv Ask †_‡K hv‡Z myZv †ewi‡q bv Avm‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ †mjvB K‡i †evZvg-N‡ii gyL †eu‡a †`qv nq| we‡kl ai‡bi †h †duvo w`‡q GB †mjvB Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j †evZvg †dvuo| (Qwe †`‡L Kwi)

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

†evZvg Ni †duvo

cvV: 10

K¤^j †duvo Mv‡qi kvj, K¤^j BZ¨vw`i cÖvšÍ †mjvB Kievi Rb¨ GB †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq| K¤^j †duvo LyeB mnR| A‡bKUv †evZvg Ni †duv‡oi g‡Zv|

K¤^j †duvo

†nwis‡evb †duvo GB †duvo A‡bKUv µm †duv‡oi g‡Zv| µm †duvo †hfv‡e Ki‡Z nq, GB †duvoI A‡bKUv †mfv‡eB Kie| Qwe †`‡L Avkv Kwi mn‡RB †duvowU Avgiv eyS‡Z cvie|

†nwis †duvo I bKkv

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

bKkvwU †nwis‡evb †duvo w`‡q Abykxjb Kwi

†djbv wRwbm w`‡q wkíKg© †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvM‡e bv †f‡e wRwbm Avgiv †d‡j †`B, †m¸‡jv‡KB ewj †djbv wRwbm| GKUz wPšÍv K‡i wb‡Ri Kíbvkw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Gme †djbv wRwbm w`‡qI Avgiv A‡bK my›ì-my›ì wkíKg© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cvIqv hvq Ggb A‡bK wRwbmB Avgv‡ì Av‡kcv‡k Qwo‡q Av‡Q hv mvaviYfv‡e Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L †djbv| Avgiv Lye GKUv †Lqvj Kwi bv, †Zgb bR‡i c‡o bv Ggb me wRwbm w`‡qI A‡bK my›ìmy›ì wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv hvq| my›ì wKQy ˆZwi Kivi cÖej B”Qv I Kíbv kw³ G `ywU‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡jB Avgiv Mv‡Qi ïKv‡bv Wvjcvjv, cvUKvwV, Kv‡Vi UzKiv BZ¨vw` †djbv wRwbm‡K i~‡c-i‡m f‡i w`‡q cÖvYešÍ I AvKl©Yxq wkíK‡g© i~cvwqZ Ki‡Z cvwi| Ggwb `y-GKwU wkíK‡g©i K_v †R‡b †bB|

ïK‡bv Wv‡j KvM‡Ri dzj eiB Mv‡Qi †QvU GKUv KvuUvIqvjv Wvj bvI| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi Wvj wb‡jI Pj‡e, Z‡e Zv‡Z KvuUv _vK‡Z n‡e| mv`v wKsev nvjKv njy` i‡Oi Nywoi KvMR wb‡q 2.50 wmwg. PIov j¤^v dvwj Ki| KvM‡Ri dvwj wZb Pvi fuvR K‡i 2.54 †mwg. PIov I 15 †mwg. j¤^v Ki| Gevi KvuwP w`‡q KvM‡Ri dvwji GKcvk wPKb-wPKb K‡i KvU, Aci cv‡k †gvUvgywUfv‡e 6 †mwg. g‡Zv RvqMv AvMv‡Mvov †Rvov‡bv _vK‡e, †hb KvUv bv nq| Gfv‡e KvUv KvM‡Ri dvwjwU wKQyUv wPiywbi g‡Zv g‡b n‡e| KvM‡Ri dvwj KvUv n‡q †M‡j fvuR Ly‡j wbB| cvUKvwVi gv_vi miy Ask †e‡Q K‡qK UzK‡iv cvUKvwV wbB| aviv‡jv Qywi ev cyi‡bv †e−W w`‡q GK UzK‡iv cvUKvwVi GK gv_v mgvb K‡i KvwU| Gevi wPiywbi g‡Zv KvUv KvM‡Ri dvwji †Rvov‡bv cv‡k gq`vi AvVv jvwM‡q cvUKvwV mgvb K‡i KvUv gv_vi 635 †mwg. cwigvY RvqMvq KvM‡Ri †Rvov‡bv As‡ki gv_v ewm‡q

cu¨vwP‡q hvB| GK cu¨v‡Pi Ici Ab¨ cu¨vP co‡e| Gfv‡e cvuP-Qq cu¨vP †Ìqvi ci KvM‡Ri dvwj wQ‡o Avjv`v K‡i wbB| Gevi aviv‡jv Qywi ev †e−W w`‡q KvM‡Ri c¨vuP †Nu‡l KvMR m‡gZ cvUKvwVi gv_vwU †K‡U wbB| Gevi cvUKvwVi UzK‡ivq cu¨vPv‡bv KvUv KvM‡Ri miy gv_v¸‡jv Pviw`‡K mgvb K‡i Qwo‡q w`B| Kx my›ì dzj n‡q †Mj! Gfv‡e GKB cvUKvwVi gv_vq evi evi wPiywbi g‡Zv KvUv KvMR †cuwP‡q †K‡U wb‡q GKwUi ci GKwU dzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| GK UzK‡iv cvUKvwV †kl n‡q †M‡j Av‡iK UzK‡iv †be| cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y dyj ˆZwi n‡q †M‡j ïK‡bv Wv‡ji GK GKwU KvuUvq GK GKwU dzj †Mu‡_ ewm‡q †`B| Wv‡ji KvuUvi †P‡q dz‡ji wb‡Pi cvUKvwVi UzK‡iv A‡bK big, ZvB Mvu_‡Z Kó n‡e bv| mg¯Í WvjwU dz‡j dz‡j f‡i w`B| KZ my›ì jvM‡Q| †QvU GKUv dz‡ji U‡e gvwUi g‡a¨ dz‡ji WvjwU cuy‡Z GKUv gvbvbmB RvqMvq ivwL| `~i †_‡K †`wL mevB hLb Avmj dzj e‡j fyj Ki‡e ZLb Avgv‡ì †Kgb Avb›` n‡e|

†gvRvBK Qwe 8Ñ11 BwÂ Kvco I AvBKv AvVv wbB| Kvc‡oi Ici GKwU cvwL AuvwK| Gici wewfbœ i‡Oi KvMR jvwM‡q Kvc‡oi dz‡ji Ici GKUvi ci GKUv wVKfv‡e mveav‡b jvMvB| cvwLi evB‡i Ab¨ i‡Oi UzK‡iv jvMv‡Z n‡e| `yw`b Gfv‡e †i‡L w`B| c‡i †d«g K‡i N‡i Uvbv‡Z cvie| GwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z Lye Avb›` cve| Gfv‡e B‡”Q Ki‡j iwOb KvMR w`‡qI GKBfv‡e †h‡Kv‡bv dzj, nvwZ ev †h‡Kv‡bv †gvRvBK Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| †gvRvBK Qwe

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

Avjy I †Xuom †K‡U i‡O Wywe‡q QvcwPÎ Avjy, †Xuom A_ev Kijv †K‡U †h‡Kv‡bv is w`‡q Qvc †Ìqv hvq (e„‡Ëi bgybv Abymv‡i)| Avjy, †Xuom I Kijv A_ev Qvc †Ìqv hvq G ai‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv ZiKvwi †K‡U Ges †mwU w`‡q KvM‡R i‡Oi Qvc w`‡q my›ì bKkv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| GQvovI wewfbœ bZzb ai‡bi wRwbm w`‡q Qvc w`‡j my›ì-my›ì c¨vUvb© ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cvwb w`‡q ¸jv‡bv †h †Kv‡bv is G‡¶‡Î e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| GB Qwe‡Z Avjy RvZxq †Kv‡bv big e¯‘ cÖ_‡g gm„Y K‡i UzK‡iv †K‡U wb‡q ZviB GKvsk MZ© K‡i Ly‡` wb‡q Kxfv‡e Qvcv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx mvgwqK e−K K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| H †Lv`vBK…Z As‡k is jvwM‡q Zv w`‡q wbw`©ó KvM‡R ev Kvc‡o Qvc gvi‡jB PgrKvi bKkvi m„wó n‡e|

A‡bK¸‡jv ïK‡bv KvMR, `wo ev myZwj w`‡q †Mvj K‡i gvSvwi e‡ji AvKvi ˆZwi Kwi| Gevi e‡ji Dc‡ii w`‡K gvwUi g‡Zv KvM‡Ri gÛ w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv weovj ev gvby‡li gy‡Li AvK…wZ Kwi| `yB-wZb w`b ïKv‡Z w`B| ïwK‡q †M‡j wbP †_‡K KvM‡Ri ejwU †ei K‡i †dwj| gvbyl ev weov‡ji gy‡Lvk ˆZwi n‡q †Mj| Gevi is Kwi| (Qwe †`‡L Ki‡Z cvie)

†djbv KvM‡Ri g‡Ûi gy‡Lvk ˆZwi

gvwU w`‡q †hfv‡e KvR Kiv hvq †Zgwb gÛ w`‡qI †Ljbv I cyZzj ˆZwi Kiv hvq

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

(L) K‡qKwU †duvo (N) GK ai‡bi Kviywkí|

2. †PBb †duvo w`‡q Kiv hvq(K) †iLv †mjvB (M) ïay †gvUv †iLv †mjvB

(L) †iLv I fivU KvR (N) gywo †mjvB|

3. †evZvg Ni †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq(K) ïay †evZvg Ni †mjvB‡qi Rb¨ (L) †evZvg Ni I Ab¨vb¨ dzj jZv BZ¨vw` †mjvB‡qi Rb¨ (M) ïay jZv-cvZv †mjvB Kivi Rb¨ | 4. Zzjv w`‡q Qwe Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g(K) Qwei Kvc‡oi Ici †cbwmj w`‡q Qwe AvuK‡Z nq (M) Zzjvi Ici Qwe Gu‡K KvU‡Z nq 5. Qwe ˆZwii Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Zzjv(K) mvaviY †cuRv Zzjv (M) e¨v‡Û‡Ri Zzjv

(L) Zzjv †K‡U †K‡U ewm‡q w`‡Z nq (N) KvM‡Ri Ici Av‡M Qwe Gu‡K wb‡Z nq|

6. Zzjv w`‡q iwOb Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡j(K) Qwe ˆZwi Kivi ci is jvMv‡bv nq (L) GK GK As‡k †K‡U †K‡U i‡O Pzev‡Z nq (M) Av‡MB Zzjv is K‡i ïwK‡q ivL‡Z nq wj‡L Reve `vI 1. m~wPwkí m¤ú‡K© GKwU mvaviY Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2. myuB-myZvi Kv‡R Kx Kx DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb? 3. †Zvgvi Rvbv K‡qKwU †dvu‡oi bvg †jL| e¨envwiK (Activity) 1. GKwU iygvj ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡Z Wvj †duvo, †jwR-†WBwR †duvo I †evZvg Ni †duvo w`‡q GKwU bKkv †mjvB Ki|

DÏxcKwU co I cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vIixbv I Avcb GKw`b I‡ì eÜy KvR‡ji evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †Mj| evwo‡Z Iiv †`Lj Ii gv A‡bK gwnjv‡K wewfbœ †mjvB †kLv‡”Qb| †KD †KD Avevi `jMZfv‡e GKwU bKwkKuv_v †mjvB Ki‡Qb| bKwkKuv_vq gvQ, gvbyl, nvwZ, †Nvov, cvjwK, †bŠKv BZ¨vw` AuvKv| G¸‡jv †`‡L I‡ì bZzb AwfÁZv n‡jv| Iiv wVK Kij evwo‡Z G‡m IivI Gfv‡e †QvU GKwU bKwkKuv_vi †mjvB w`‡q Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡e| Ges wb‡R‡ì Ni mvRv‡e| K) ixbv I Avcb †Kv_vq †eov‡Z †Mj? L) KvR‡ji gv Kx Kx †kLvw”Q‡jb? M) bKwkKuv_vq Kx Kx wRwb‡mi Qwe AvuKv wQj? N) ixbv I Avcb Kx ˆZwi Ki‡e? O) Iiv QwewU Kx Ki‡e?

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv