Bangla by Atiq Isamee

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mßeY©v

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kãv_© I UxKv gyw³hy×

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L. i I iii

M. ii I iii

N. i, ii I iii

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L. gyw³‡hv×v

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L. ii

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Qwei is

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mßeY©v

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Qwei is

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L. ii

M. i I ii

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n‡e †m-me kã‡K| wKQy wKQy kã Av‡Q, †h¸‡jvi Mv‡q njy`-meyR-jvj-bxj-ev`vwg-L‡qwi is Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡K wPb‡Z n‡e k‡ãi is| A‡bK kã Av‡Q, †h¸‡jvi kixi †_‡K myi †e‡ivq : †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv k‡ã euvwki myi †kvbv hvq, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv k‡ã †kvbv hvq nvwmi myi| †Kv‡bv k‡ã ev‡R ïK‡bv cvZvi LmL‡m AvIqvR, †Kv‡bvwU‡Z †envjvi myi| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv kã †Zvgvi cv‡qi b~cy‡ii g‡Zv ev‡R| †Zvgv‡K ïb‡Z n‡e k‡ãi myi I ¯î| A‡bK kã Av‡Q evOjv fvlvq †h¸‡jvi kixi †_‡K myMÜ †e‡ivq| †Kv‡bvwUi kixi †_‡K †f‡m Av‡m jvj †Mvjv‡ci MÜ, †Kv‡bvwUi Mv †_‡K Av‡m KuvVvjPuvcvi NÖvY, †Kv‡bvwU †_‡K Av‡m evZvwe‡jeyi myevm| Zzwg hw` †`L‡Z cvI k‡ãi kix‡ii is, ïb‡Z cvI k‡ãi myi, †Ui cvI k‡ãi myMÜ, Zvn‡jB cvi‡e Zzwg Kwe n‡Z| Kweiv kã w`‡q †j‡Lb bvbvb iK‡gi KweZv| KL‡bv Zuviv Lye nvwmi K_v e‡jb, KL‡bv e‡jb Kvbœvi K_v| KL‡bv Zuviv e‡jb ¯^‡cœi K_v, KL‡bv Zuviv Pvicv‡k hv †`‡Lb, Zvi K_v e‡jb| wKš‘ me mgqB Zuviv K_v e‡jb k‡ã| kã ewm‡q ewm‡q Zuviv evbvb KweZv| KweZv wjL‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡gB Rvb‡Z n‡e bvbvb iK‡gi kã| Zvici Av‡m kã w`‡q hv ej‡Z PvB, Zvi K_v| wKš‘ Kxfv‡e ejv hvq †mB K_v? KweZvq Avgiv A‡bK wKQy ej‡Z cvwi| KL‡bv ej‡Z cvwi Ni-dvUv‡bv nvwmi K_v| ej‡Z cvwi UMe‡M iv‡Mi K_v| ej‡Z cvwi Lye PgrKvi fv‡jv K_v| KL‡bv evRv‡Z cvwi bv‡Pi kã| Avevi KL‡bv AvuK‡Z cvwi iwOb Qwe| wKšÍy me mgqB g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, IB K_v bZzb n‡Z n‡e| hv GKevi †KD e‡j †M‡Q, †h-Qwe GKevi †KD Gu‡K †M‡uQ, Zv ejv hv‡e bv, †m-Qwe AvuKv hv‡e bv| Avi K_v ej‡Z n‡e, bvP‡Z n‡e, Qwe AvuK‡Z n‡e Q‡›`| ZvB KweZv wjL‡Z n‡j kã‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e, Rvb‡Z n‡e Q›`, Avi _vK‡Z n‡e ¯^cœ| hvi †Pv‡L ¯^cœ †bB, †m Kwe n‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯^cœ _vK‡j g‡b Av‡m bZzb fvebv, †b‡P †b‡P Av‡m Q›`, Avi kã| †h‡Kv‡bv welq wb‡qB Zzwg wjL‡Z cv‡iv KweZv| evwoi cv‡ki MwjUv, `~‡ii avb‡LZUv, †cvlv †eovjUv ev cyZzjUv‡K wb‡q KweZv †jLv hvq, hw` g‡b ¯^cœ _v‡K| iv¯Ívi †`vKvwb‡K wb‡q KweZv †jLv hvq, hw` ¯^cœ _v‡K| Avi hv †bB, Zv wb‡qI KweZv †jLv hvq, hw` ¯^cœ _v‡K| Gevi GKUv KweZv †jLv hvK| KweZvwUi bvg w`w”Q Ô†`vKvwbÕ| iv¯Ívi †gv‡oi †`vKvb`vi‡K Zzwg-Avwg wPwb| †m wewµ K‡i mv`v `ya, L‡qwi P‡jv‡jU, jvj cyZzj, meyR cvb| Gme wRwbm Avgiv wK‡b LvB, †`vKvwb‡K PKP‡K UvKv w`B| Zvi wRwbmcÎ wewµ †`‡L gv_vq Avgvi GKUv fve G‡jv| fveUv n‡jv : Avwg GKUv †`vKvb Ly‡jwQ `yw`b a‡i, wKš‘ †m-†`vKv‡b `ya, P‡Kv‡jU, cvb wewµ nq bv| wewµ nq Ggb me wRwbm, hv †KD †e‡P bv, hv †KD †K‡b bv| ïay ¯^‡cœB †m-me wRwbm †ePv‡Kbv P‡j| fveUv gv_vq G‡jv, m‡½ kã G‡jv, Avi Q›` G‡jv| cÖ_‡g wjLjvg : `yw`b a‡i wewµ KiwQ PKP‡K Lye Puv‡ì Av‡jv UzKUz‡K jvj cvwLi Mvb| K_vUvB PgK †`q mevi Av‡M : PKP‡K Puv‡ì Av‡jv, UzKUz‡K jvj cvwLi Mvb wewµi e¨vcviUv †ek bZzb| mviv c„w_ex‡Z Luy‡R Ggb †`vKvb cvIqv hv‡e bv| Q›ÙvI †ek, `y‡j `y‡j Avm‡Q| G-wZbwU cO&w³ covi mv‡_ mv‡_ kã, Q›`, K_v wg‡j GK iKg ¯^cœ ˆZwi nq †Pv‡L Avi g‡b| Gici AviI GwM‡q †h‡q wjLjvg : wewµ KiwQ Puvcvi MÜ ¯^‡cœ †`Lv bv‡Pi Q›` †Mvjvc dz‡ji gy‡Li i~c|

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GLv‡b Q›`-wgj AviI gayi| wewµi wRwbm¸‡jv Av‡Mi g‡ZvB PgKcÖ`| Z‡e GLv‡b ¯^cœ AviI †e‡o‡Q, QweI AviI iwOb| Puvcvi MÜ cvIqv †Mj Ges †e‡R DVj ¯^‡cœ †`Lv bv‡Pi Q‡›ì b~cyi| G-bvP ¯^cœ Qvov Avi †Kv_vI †`Lv hvq bv, Ggb bvP bvP‡Z cv‡i bv †KD| Ô†Mvjvc dz‡ji gy‡Li iƒcÕ ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †Mvjvc dzj GKwU wgwó †g‡qi g‡Zv dz‡U DV‡jv, †g‡qwUi gyL n‡q DVj †Mvjvc, Avi †Mvjvc n‡q DVj †g‡qwUi gyL| ¯^cœ R‡ov n‡jv †Pv‡L| KweZvwU‡K Avwg Avi wjL‡Z PvB bv| B‡”Q n‡j †Zvgiv wjL‡Z cv‡iv| KweZv wjL‡Z n‡jB bZzb K_v fve‡Z n‡e, Avi †m-K_v‡K cwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e kã I Q‡›ì iwOb mvR‡cvkvK| †Zvgiv GLb †QvU, G-†QvU _vKvi mgqUv †ek my›ì | evievi Avgvi †QvU mg‡qi K_v g‡b c‡o| Avwg †`L‡Z cvB, †QvU Avwg ùvwo‡q AvwQ cyKz‡ii cv‡o, GKUv kv`v gvQ jvd w`‡q Avevi Xy‡K †Mj cvwb‡Z| †`L‡Z cvB kvcjv dz‡U‡Q, cvwb jvj n‡q †M‡Q| GKUv Po–B D‡o †Mj, Zvi †Vuv‡U wPKb GKUv Kz‡Uv| Gme Avgv‡K KweZv wjL‡Z e‡j| †Zvgiv GLb †QvU, G eq‡m †Zvgiv Lye †ewk K‡i †`‡L †b‡e| hZ cv‡iv, †`L| †`L, †`L Ges †`L| ey‡Ki g‡a¨, g‡bi g‡a¨ Qwe RgvI, is RgvI, myi RgvI| eo n‡j G Qwe, myi, is †Zvgv‡ì Lye DcKvi Ki‡e| Lye †QvU eq‡m wK KweZv †jLv DwPZ? Zzwg wK AvRB e‡m hv‡e KweZv wjL‡Z? AvR e‡mv bv, A‡c¶v K‡iv| †QvU eq‡mB KweZv †jLv ïi“ Ki‡j g‡b Lye KuvPv K_v Av‡m, fve‡Z B”Qv K‡i bv, Ges eo n‡jI †Q‡jgvbywl Kv‡U bv| †QvU eq‡m DwPZ KweZv cov, cov Ges cov| Pviw`‡Ki Qwe †`Lv, †`Lv Ges †`Lv| †QvU eq‡m ey‡K Rgv‡bv DwPZ kã Avi Q›`| Zvici GKw`b, hLb eo n‡e, kã, Q›`, Qwe, myi, is me `j †eu‡a Avm‡e †Zvgvi Kv‡Q, ej‡e Avgv‡ì Zzwg KweZvq iƒc `vI| Zzwg nq‡Zv GKv GKv N‡i e‡m kã-Q›`-Qwe-myi-is wgwj‡q evbv‡e GK bZzb wRwbm, hvi bvg KweZv|

kãv_© I UxKv Dcgv

Zzjbv| GLv‡b GKwU †g‡qi bvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

b~cyi

cv‡q civi AjsKvi ev Mqbv|

PgKcÖ`

hv AevK K‡i †`q|

cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ wk¶v_x©‡`i m„wókxj n‡Z AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|

cvV-cwiwPwZ mvwn‡Zï bvbv i~‡ci g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q KweZv| Av‡jvP¨ iPbvq KweZvi wkíiƒc I Zvi êwkó¨ Aciƒc fvlvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Kv‡K ejv hvq KweZv? †jL‡Ki g‡Z, hv co‡j g‡bi wfZi ¯^cœ †R‡M I‡V, Qwe †f‡m I‡V, ZvB KweZv| k‡ãi m‡½ kã wgwj‡q †jLv nq KweZv| †Kej KweivB wjL‡Z cv‡ib KweZv| †Kbbv KweivB ¯^cœ †`L‡Z cv‡ib, ZvivB cv‡ib ¯^‡cœi Qwe AvuK‡Z| bZzb Qwe bZzb fve †Kej Kwe‡ì †PZbvq †Ljv K‡i e‡j Zviv wjL‡Z cv‡ib KweZv| KweZv wjL‡Z n‡j k‡ãi iƒcis-MÜ-eY©-myi I Q›` wPb‡Z nq, Rvb‡Z nq| Kweiv †P‡bb Ges Rv‡bb k‡ãi Gme gvqvex iƒc| ZvB Zuviv wjL‡Z cv‡ib KweZv|

kã †_‡K KweZv

A‡bK welq wb‡qB KweZv †jLv hvq| Z‡e KweZv †jLvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRb ¯^cœ| whwb ¯^cœ †`L‡Z Rv‡bb bv, wZwb wjL‡Z cv‡ib bv KweZv| ¯^cœ †`Lvi Rb¨ ˆkke-ˆK‡kv‡i co‡Z n‡e KweZvi ci KweZv, `y†PvL †g‡j †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e hv-wKQy †Pv‡L c‡o, Zvi meUv| A_v©r KweZv †jLvi Rb¨ PvB AwfÁZv| KweZvi iƒc I Zvi iPbv-†KŠkj eZ©gvb iPbvi DcRxe¨ welq|

†jLK-cwiwPwZ evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó M`¨wkíx, fvlvweÁvbx, Jcb¨vwmK I Kwe ûgvqyb AvRv` 1947 wLªóv‡ãi 28†k GwcÖj gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡ii AšÍM©Z ivwoLvj MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| AZ¨šÍ †gavex ûgvqyb AvRv` `xN©w`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ MÖš’ n‡jv : Kve¨ ÔA‡jŠwKK Bw÷gviÕ, ÔR¡‡jv wPZvevNÕ, Ôme wKQy bó‡`i AwaKv‡i hv‡eÕ, ÔKvd‡b †gvov AkÖ“we›`y; Dcb¨vmÑÑÔQvcvbœ nvRvi eM©gvBjÕ, Ôme wKQyÕ †f‡O c‡oÕ, MíÑÑÔhv`yK‡ii g„Zz¨Õ, cÖeÜÑÑÔwbweo bxwjgvÕ, ÔevOjv fvlvi kÎ“wgÎÕ, ÔevK¨ZË¡Õ, Ôjvj bxj `xcvewjÕ, ÔK‡Zv b`x m‡iveiÕ BZ¨vw`| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vimn Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Qb| ûgvqyb AvRv` 2004 wLªóv‡ãi 12B AvM÷ gyZz¨eiY K‡ib| Kg©-Abykxjb K. †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kv‡bv MÖš’/ †Kv‡bv KweZv/ †Kv‡bv Mí wb‡q GKwU mgv‡jvPbv †jL| †Zvgvi fv‡jv jvMv ev fv‡jv bv-jvMv hyw³mnKv‡i wjL‡e| L. †Uwjwfkb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wgwWqv‡Z †Zvgvi †`Lv †Kv‡bv wm‡bgv/ bvUK wb‡q GKwU mgv‡jvPbv †jL|

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. gykwKj k‡ãi A_© Kx? K. †ivMevjvB

L. †gjv‡gkv

M. Kó Kiv

N. mnRZi

2. evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó fvlvweÁvbx n‡jbÑÑ K. ûgvqyb AvRv`

L. ûgvqyb Avn‡g`

M. kvgmyi ivngvb

N. Avnmvb nvwee

3. Ôïay ¯^‡cœB †m me wRwbm †ePv‡Kbv P‡j|ÕÑÑGB ev‡K¨ Ô†ePv‡KbvÕ kãwU Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q? K. wewbgq cÖ_v

L. µq-weµq

M. e¨envi

N. Av`vb-cÖ`vb

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m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. gvndzRv PgrKvi KweZv †j‡Lb| ¯‹zj-Rxeb †_‡KB wZwb bvbv kã wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Zb| Rxe‡b wewfbœ As‡ki ¯§„wZ‡K k‡ãi †fZi mvRv‡Z cQ›` Zvi| gvndzRvi fvB‡cv Zv‡K Lye cQ›` K‡i| KviY wZwb Zvi fvB‡cv wbS©i‡K bvbv KweZv †kvbvb| wbS©i Zvi dzdz gvndzRv‡K †c‡jB KweZv, Qov ejvi evqbv a‡i| GKw`b wbS©i Zvi dzdz‡K e‡j ÔÔdzdz Zzwg G‡Zv my›ì my›ì KweZv Kxfv‡e †j‡Lv?ÕÕ gvndzRv DËi †`q, ÔÔZzwg †Zvgvi Pvicv‡ki my›ì my›ì ¯^cœgq kã¸‡jv‡K ey‡K aviY K‡i ivL‡e, †`L‡e ZzwgI GKw`b PgrKvi KweZv wjL‡Z cvi‡e|Ó K. kã †_‡K KweZv cÖe‡Üi †jLK †K? L. Q›` ej‡Z Kx eyS? M. Dc‡ii D×„wZi gvndzRv I Zvi fvB‡cv wbS©‡ii m‡½ Ôkã †_‡K KweZvÕ cÖe‡Üi wgj †Kv_vq? N. ÔZzwg †Zvgvi Rxe‡bi Pvicv‡ki my›ì my›ì ¯^cœgq kã¸‡jv‡K ey‡K aviY K‡i ivL‡e, †`L‡e ZzwgI GKw`b KweZv wjL‡Z cvi‡e|Õ ÑÑG Dw³i Av‡jv‡K Ôkã †_‡K KweZvÕ cÖe‡Üi g~j e³e¨ †jL|

†mB †Q‡jwU gvgybyi ikx`

Ñ Kx n‡jv Avevi?

AviRy

Ñ Avwg †h Avi nuvU‡Z cviwQ bv|

mvey

Ñ †ivR †ivR †Zvi Rb¨ Avwg m¨v‡ii eKzwb †L‡Z cvie bv|

AviRy

Ñ wVK Av‡Q †Zviv hv, Avwg GKvB G¶zwb hve|

mvey

Ñ _vK Zvn‡j| (P‡j hvq mvey| AviRy e‡m c‡o| G mgqB H c_ w`‡q hvw”Qj GK AvBmwµgIqvjv|)

AvBmwµgIqvjv

Ñ AvBmwµg, AvBmwµg PvB AvBmwµg| Kx n‡jv AviRy wgqv, Zzwg GLv‡b e‡m Kx Ki‡Qv?

AviRy

Ñ wKQy bv|

AvBmwµgIqvjv

Ñ ¯‹z‡j hv‡e bv?

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AviRy

Ñ bv|

AvBmwµgIqvjv

Ñ ¯‹z‡j duvwK †`Iqv wKš‘ Lye Lvivc, AvwgI Lye ¯‹zj duvwK w`Zvg| Avgvi Ae¯’v `¨v‡Lv| hw` †jLvcovUv KiZvg Zvn‡j wK Avi AvBmwµg †dwi Ki‡Z n‡Zv? hvI ¯‹z‡j hvI| PvB AvBmwµg, AvBmwµg|

AviRy

Ñ fvB †kv‡bvÑÑZzwg †Kvb w`‡K hv”Q?

AvBmwµgIqvjv

Ñ Avwg †Zv hve H evRv‡ii w`‡K|

AviRy

Ñ AvR ¯‹z‡ji w`‡K hv‡e bv? AvBmwµg Lve, wUwdb wcwiq‡Wi mgqÑÑ

AvBmwµgIqvjv

AviRy

Ñ fvB †kv‡bv|

nvIqvB wgVvBIqvjv AviRy

Ñ ïay ïay WvK‡Qv †Kb? Gfv‡e mgq bó n‡j Avgvi nvIqvB wgVvB †h k~‡b¨ wgwj‡q hv‡e| Ñ †Zvgvi nvIqvB wgVvB wK †g‡Ni g‡Zv †h, †gN Rg‡Q Avi k~‡b¨ wgwj‡q hv‡”Q|

nvIqvB wgVvIqvjv

Ñ nu¨v, †g‡Ni PvB‡ZI A‡bK nvjKvÑÑZvB †Zv wgwj‡q hvq| hvBÑÑPvB nvIqvB wgVvB (P‡j hvq)|

AviRy

Ñ GLb Avwg Kx Ki‡ev? evwo †M‡j evev ej‡e ¯‹z‡j duvwK †`qvi gZjeÑÑ¯‹z‡j †M‡j m¨vi ej‡e `uvwo‡q _v‡Kv| Avwg †Zv `vuwo‡q _vK‡Z cvie bv| GLb Kx n‡e?

2q `„k¨ : (wUwd‡bi NÈv ev‡R| mcy, mvey I Av‡iv †Q‡j-†g‡qiv wUwdb wcwiq‡W †ewi‡q Avm‡Q| Zviv †Lj‡Q| G mg‡q Av‡mb wk¶K jwZd m¨vi| ) jwZd m¨vi

Ñ GB mvey, Gw`‡K †kv‡bvÑÑAv”Qv AviRy‡K †`LwQ bv †h?

mvey

Ñ AviRy, m¨vi gvSc‡_ G‡m ejj †Zviv hv, GiKg gv‡S gv‡SB K‡i AviRy|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ wKš‘ †Kb K‡i?

mvey

Ñ GgwbB|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ GgwbB gv‡b? B‡”Q K‡i bv wK †Kv‡bv mgm¨v Av‡Q Ii?

mvey

Ñ Rvwb bv m¨vi|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ Av”Qv| GB †h mcy, Gw`‡K †kv‡bv, †Zvgvi Kx g‡b nq, AviRy wK B‡”Q K‡iB ¯‹zj KvgvB Ki‡Q?

†mv‡gb

Ñ m¨vi, Ii †h Kx nq? nVvr K‡i e‡j Avwg Avi †h‡Z cviwQ bv| †Zviv `uvov, ZLb Iqvwb©s‡ej †e‡R †M‡Q| Avi wK `uvov‡Z cvwi? ZvB †Zv P‡j Avwm, †mUvB fv‡jv bv m¨vi?

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Kv_vq †hb GKUv mgm¨v g‡b n‡”Q|

†mB †Q‡jwU

wgVy

Ñ m¨vi H †Q‡jUvi mv‡_ AvgviI †`Lv n‡q‡Q|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Kv_vq?

wgVy

Ñ H †h cjvkZjxi AvgevMv‡bi ILv‡b e‡m Av‡Q| Avgvi mv‡_ bvbvb K_v|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ bvbv K_v? Zvn‡j ¯‹z‡j G‡jv bv †Kb?

wgVy

Ñ GKmgq ejj Zzwg wK ¯‹z‡ji w`‡K hv‡e? Avwg ejjvgÑÑbv GLb evRv‡i hve| Zvici wUwdb wcwiq‡Wi w`‡K ¯‹z‡ji w`‡K hve|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ Zvn‡j †Zv LyeB wPšÍvi K_v| Av”Qv H AvgevMv‡b wK GL‡bv Av‡Q?

†mv‡gb

Ñ g‡b nq GZ¶‡Y evwo P‡j †M‡Q|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Zvgiv P‡jv †ZvÑÑ

mvey

Ñ m¨viÑÑ(I‡`i †Pv‡L gy‡L Awb”Qv| nvIqvBwgVvBIqvjv †nu‡K Pj‡QÑÑ nvIqvB wgVvB| jwZd m¨vi I‡`i `yBRb‡K wb‡qB iIbv †`b|)

Ñ cvwL, GKUz wb‡P bv‡gv bv| †Zvgvi mv‡_ K_v KB| Avgv‡K ¯‹z‡j wb‡q hv‡e? mvey, mcy Iiv †KD wb‡q †Mj bv| Zzwg wb‡q hvI bv! †Zvgvi Wvbvq fi K‡i P‡j hve| Kx n‡jv? †b‡g †M‡j †Kb? †gN Avgvq wb‡q hvI bv| †Zvgvi †Kv‡j e‡m P‡j hve ¯‹z‡j| Kx ej‡Qv? wf‡R hve? wfRjvg| Avevi ïwK‡q hveÑÑZeyI †Zv m¨vi eyS‡eb, †QvU cvwL P›`bv, GB †h kvwjK Avgv‡K †`L‡Z cv”Q bv? Avwg GKjv e‡m AvwQ| Avgvi eyKUv †d‡U hv‡”Q| Avgvi mv‡_ K_v e‡jv bvÑÑP›`bv Avgvq wb‡jv bv, †gN Avgvq wbj bvÑÑ kvwjK Avgvi mv‡_ K_v e‡j bv|

(Kuv`‡Z _v‡K| nVvr Dcw¯’Z nq jwZd m¨vi|) jwZd m¨vi

Ñ AviRy, Zzwg Kvu`‡Qv †Kb? †Zvgvi Kx n‡q‡Q? Zzwg ¯‹z‡j hvI wb †Kb?

†mv‡gb

Ñ Kuvw`m †Kb? m¨vi‡K ej bv| (AviRy Kuv`‡QB)

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Kv‡bv fq †bB, e‡jvÑÑ

AviRy

Ñ m¨vi, Avwg †ewk `~i nuvU‡Z cvwi bv| cv `y‡Uv Aek n‡q Av‡m|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Zvgvi evev-gv‡K e‡jv wb †Kb?

AviRy

Ñ e‡jwQÑÑevev e‡jb nuvUv-nuvwU Ki‡jB wVK n‡q hv‡e|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Zvgvi cv `y‡Uv †`wLÑÑ G †Zv †ivM, †Zvgvi cv wPKb n‡q †M‡Q|

AviRy

Ñ gv Rv‡b, †mB †QvU‡ejvq Kx †hb AmyL n‡qwQj †mB †_‡KB cvUv wPKbÑÑgv †ev‡S wKš‘ Kuv‡` kyay|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Zvgiv †Lqvj K‡iv wb?

mßeY©v

†mv‡gb

Ñ bv m¨vi|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Zvgv‡`i eÜz bv?

†mv‡gb

Ñ R¡x m¨vi|

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ †Zvgvi hw` GiKg n‡Zv?

†mv‡gb

Ñ Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi wb m¨vi| GiKg eyS‡j Avgiv `yR‡b a‡i GBfv‡e wb‡q †hZvg| (`yR‡bB Kuv‡a nvZ w`‡q I‡K Zz‡j †d‡j|)

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ e‡jv ¯‹z‡j hv‡e? bv wK evwo hv‡e?

AviRy

Ñ ¯‹z‡j m¨vi| ( I‡`i Kuv‡a nvZ Zz‡j AviRy ¯‹z‡j hvq|)

jwZd m¨vi

Ñ P‡jv| †`wL †Zvgvi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ Avgiv Kx Ki‡Z cvwi|

kãv_© I UxKv †mB †Q‡jwU

`„k¨

gZje

Ñ D‡Ïk¨ ev dw›`|

cv‡Vi-D‡Ïk¨ kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva m„wó|

†mB †Q‡jwU

GKw`b we`¨vj‡q hvIqvi c‡_ cv Aek n‡q †M‡j, AviRy eÜz‡ì we`¨vj‡q P‡j †h‡Z e‡j| †m iv¯Ívi cv‡k e‡m _v‡K| AvBmwµgIqvjv Av‡m, nvIqvB-wgVvBIqvjv Av‡m| †m Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j| Zviv P‡j hvq| AviRy fv‡e cvwL wKsev †gN Zv‡K hw` Dwo‡q wb‡q we`¨vj‡q w`‡q †hZ| Gw`‡K wk¶K jwZd m¨vi AviRy‡K K¬v‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡Z bv †`‡L †mv‡gb‡ì KvQ †_‡K Z_¨ †R‡b †mv‡gb‡ì m‡½ wb‡q AviRyi †Luv‡R iIqvbv nb| AviRy‡K †`‡L wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h AviRyi cv Aek n‡q Avmv GKUv †ivM| ZLb jwZd m¨v‡ii K_vq †mv‡gb‡ì g‡b mnvbyf~wZ Rv‡M| Zv‡ì mnvqZvq AviRy we`¨vj‡q hvq|

†jLK-cwiwPwZ gvgybyi ikx` evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó bvU¨Kvi, Awf‡bZv I wb‡`©kK| wZwb 1948 wLªóv‡ãi 29†k †deªyqvwi Uv½vBj †Rjvi KvwjnvwZ Dc‡Rjvi cvBKov MÖv‡g gvZzjvj‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi ˆcZ…K wbevm GKB †Rjvi NvUvBj Dc‡Rjvi fveb`Ë MÖv‡g| Zuvi iwPZ D‡jL‡hvM¨ bvUK n‡jv : ÔIiv K`g AvjxÕ, ÔIiv Av‡Q e‡jBÕ, ÔBewjkÕ, ÔwMwbwcMÕ, ÔAeevwnKvÕ, ÔmgZUÕ, Ôcv_iÕ, ÔivpvOÕ, Ô†j‡e‡`dÕ, Ô†Pi mvB‡KjÕ BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡ki gÂbvU‡Ki L¨vwZgvb bvUë¨w³Z¡ gvgybyi ikx` evsjv GKv‡Wgx mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi, AvjvIj mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vimn A‡bK cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Qb| Kg©-Abykxjb 1. we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkï‡ì cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva m„wói j‡¶¨ Rbm‡PZbZv m„wói Rb¨ †cv÷vi, c¨vKvW©, e¨vbvi ˆZwi K‡i i¨vwji Av‡qvRb Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_x©i KvR)| 2. bvwUKvwU Awfbq K‡i cÖ`k©‡bi eë¯’v Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_x©i KvR)|

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| AviRy Zvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z †h‡Z e‡m c‡o †Kb? K. †m ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z Pvq bv

L. m¨vi Zv‡K eKzwb w`‡Z cv‡i

M. Zvi ¯‹zj duvwK †`evi B‡”Q wQj

N. †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y †m nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv

2. AviRy cvwL‡K wb‡P bvg‡Z e‡jÑÑ i. K_v ejvi Rb¨ ii. Mvb ïbvi Rb¨ iii. Zvi Wvbvq fi w`‡q D‡o hvevi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i

L. ii

M. ii I ii

N. iii I i

mßeY©v

3. jwZd m¨vi mcy‡K ej‡jbÑÑ†Zvgv‡`i eÜz bv?ÑÑGi KviY? i. mcy I Zvi eÜz‡`i KZ…©K AviRy‡K †d‡j hvIqv ii. AviRyi cv wPKb n‡q †M‡Q Zv †Lqvj bv Kiv iii. AviRyi cv wPKb nIqvi Kvi‡Y nuvU‡Z bv cviv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK K. i

L. ii I iii

M. i I ii

N. i, ii I iii

4. gv †ev‡S wKš‘ Kuv‡`ÑÑAviRyi gv Kx †ev‡S? K. †Q‡ji cv wPKb n‡q hv‡”Q L. †Q‡ji cv GKw`b c½y n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i M. †Q‡ji cv‡qi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv n‡”Q bv N. AviRyi gv Amnvq wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : †i‡eKv Kv‡Qi wRwbm †`L‡Z cvq wKš‘ `~‡ii wRwbm Svcmv †`‡L| GKw`b †m j¶ Kij `~‡ii Svcmv wRwbm A‡a©K †`Lv hv‡”Q Avi A‡a©K cy‡iv AÜKvi| gv‡K Rvbv‡j wZwb ej‡jb †Pv‡L cvwb w`‡j wVK n‡q hv‡e| wKš‘ Zv nq wb| eis Ae¯’v AviI Lvivc n‡”Q| 5. †i‡eKv I Ô†mB †Q‡jwUÕi AviRy †Kvb ai‡bi wkï? K. ¯^vfvweK

L. cywónxb

M. myweavewÂZ

N. eyw×nxb

6. AviRy I †i‡eKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbÑÑ i. gvZvwcZvi mnvbyf~wZ ii. mgv‡Ri mnvbyf~wZ iii. ¯^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z weÁvbm¤§Z aviYv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i

L. ii

M. i I ii

N. i I iii

†mB †Q‡jwU

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. Avwe` nvmvb 7g †kªwYi QvÎ iIk‡bi Kv‡Q Zvi we`¨vj‡q Abycw¯’wZi KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †m wKQy bv e‡j Pzc _v‡K| †kªwYi Ab¨ wk¶v_x©‡`i wR‡Ám Ki‡j Zviv cÖvq GK‡hv‡M e‡jÑÑm¨vi, iIkb cÖvqB ¯‹zj KvgvB K‡i| wk¶K iIkb‡K e‡jbÑÑAvi KvgvB Ki‡e? †Kv‡bv DËi iIkb †`q bv| cv‡qi e„×v½ywj w`‡q †g‡S Lyuo‡Z _v‡K| DËi bv †c‡q wk¶K iIkb‡K A‡bK eKv †`b| K‡qKw`b ci iIk‡bi evev wk¶K Rbve Avwe` nvmvb‡K e‡jbÑÑm¨vi, iIk‡bi GKUv eo mgm¨v Av‡Q| wbqwgZ ¯‹zj Ki‡j nVvr GZ †ewk Amy¯’ nq †h Zvi mg¯Í ¯§„wZ nvwi‡q hvq| eKvSKv Ki‡j Ii ¯‹z‡j Avmv eÜ n‡q hv‡e| K. wgVy AviRy‡K †Kv_vq e‡m _vK‡Z †`‡L‡Q? L. AvBmwµgIqvjv AviRy‡K ¯‹zj duvwK w`‡Z wb‡la Kij †Kb? eywS‡q †jL| M. iIkb I AviRyi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Avwe` nvmv‡bi wePvi KvRwU jwZd m¨v‡ii Zzjbvq KZUzKz †hŠw³K n‡q‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb Ki|

evsjv‡`‡ki ¶z`ª RvwZmËv G †K †kivg Avgv‡ì wcÖq gvZ…f~wg GB evsjv‡`k eû RvwZ, eû fvlv I eû ms¯‹…wZi GKwU †`k| GLv‡b cÖavb Rb‡Mvôx ÔevOvwjÕ-i cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q cÖvq Aa©kZ ¶y`ª RvwZmËv| †Zgwb †`‡ki cÖavb I ivóªfvlv ÔevsjvÕ-i cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q A‡bK fvlv Ges Hme RvwZ‡Mvôxi bvbv e‡Y©i wewPÎ ms¯‹…wZI| ZviciI Avgiv mevB RvZxqZvi cwiP‡q GK Ges †`k‡K fv‡jvevmvi †¶‡ÎI HKë×| êwP‡Îï g‡aÏ GB †h GKZvi kw³ GwUB Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`k‡K my›ì I eY©gq K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k emevmiZ ¶z`ª RvwZmËvi msL¨v wb‡q wfbœ wfbœ gZ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e GB msL¨v 46wU e‡j AbywgZ| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvgmn wewfbœ cvnvwo Rbc` QvovI †`‡ki mgZjf~wg †hgb K·evRvi, cUzqvLvwj, ei¸bv, gqgbwmsn, Rvgvjcyi, Uv½vBj, e¸ov, ivRkvnx, cvebv, w`bvRcyi Ges wm‡jU AÂ‡j cÖavbZ G‡ì emwZ| GBme Rb‡Mvôx kZ kZ ermi a‡i GB f~L‡Ê emevm Ki‡Q| Zv‡ì cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q wbR¯^ fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ| cÖwZwU RvwZ‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ LyeB wcÖq| evsjv‡`‡k †hme msL¨v¯^í RvwZmËvi evm Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ n‡jvÑÑPvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, Mv‡iv, muvIZvj, gwYcywi, Lvwm, †gªv, ivLvBb, nvRs, ZÂ½¨v, eg, †KvP, cvnvwoqv, ivReskx, gv‡jv, IivuI BZ¨vw`| G‡ì g‡a¨ K‡qKwU Rb‡Mvôxi Rxeb I ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q wb‡P ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

PvKgv g‡½vjxq Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍM©Z PvKgv‡ì cÖavb emwZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo I ev›ìevb †Rjvq| wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Zviv ÔPvOgvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Zviv Avh© fvlv‡Mvôxi AšÍ©fy³| Zv‡ì wbR¯^ nidI Av‡Q| PvKgviv wcZ…Zvwš¿K| wcZvB cwiev‡ii cÖavb| PvKgv mgv‡Ri cÖavb n‡jb ivRv| MÖv‡gi cÖavb n‡jb Kvievwi| MÖv‡gi hveZxq mgm¨v wZwbB wb®úwË K‡ib| K‡qKwU MÖvg wb‡q MwVZ nq †gŠRv| †gŠRvi cÖavb n‡jb †nWg¨vb| wZwb RbM‡Yi Øviv wbe©vwPZ Ges ivRv KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ nb| †nWg¨vb ivRv I Kvievwii g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| GQvov PvKgv mgv‡R ÔMSvÕ ev Dc`j Ges Ô¸wLÕ ev †Mvôx Av‡Q| PvKgviv cÖavbZ †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x| Z‡e Zvi cvkvcvwk GLbI Zviv wKQy wKQy cÖK…wZc~RvI K‡i _v‡K| GiKg wKQy c~Rvi bvg n‡jvÑÑ_vbgvbv, ag©Kvg, fZ`¨v, cvsc~Rv, Ryggviv c~Rv BZ¨vw`| PvKgv cyi“‡liv ÔaywZÕ I gwnjviv ÔwcbbÕ cwiavb K‡i _v‡K| cyi“‡liv wb‡R‡ì Zuv‡Z ˆZwi ÔwmjygÕ (Rvgv) c‡i| †g‡qiv ÔLvw`Õ-†K Iobv wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i| PvKgv‡ì cÖavb Lv`¨ fvZ, gvQ, gvsm I kvK-mewR| HwZ‡nï Ask wn‡m‡e ¯’vbxqfv‡e ˆZwi cvbxq ÔPzqvwbÕ PvKgv mgv‡R cÖPwjZ| PvKgv Rxe‡bi bvbv ch©v‡q wewfbœ †jŠwKK AvPvi Abyôvb _v‡K| we‡qi mgq †Q‡ji AwffveK‡K NUKmn K‡bi evwo‡Z Kgc‡¶ wZbevi hvIqv-Avmv Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZevi Pzqvwb, cvb-mycvwi I wcVv wb‡q †h‡Z nq| P~ovšÍ w`bZvwiL w¯’i Kivi Abyôvb‡K Ôg`wcjvj MQv‡bvÕ e‡j| Hw`b wewfbœ wel‡qi mv‡_ Kb¨vc‡¶i `vwe`vIqv DÌvcb Kiv nq| Kb¨vcY‡K Zviv Ô`vfvÕ e‡j| Avi Kb¨vi Rb¨ `vweK…Z e¯¿ I Aj¼vi‡K e‡j Ô†evqvwjÕ| we‡qi w`b GKRb hyeZxi wc‡V euvk I †e‡Zi ˆZwi my›ì Suvwc Ôdzjev‡isÕ-G K‡i K‡bi †evqvwj enb K‡i wb‡q hvIqv nq| bvbv AvbyôvwbKZvi ci eiK‡bi mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi Abyôvb ÔR`b evbvnÕ ev †Rvovevjv cwiPvwjZ nq| we‡qi mgq ÔPzOjvsÕ c~Rv AbywôZ nq| we‡qi Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib ÔISvÕ| PvKgv‡ì we‡qi †èZv n‡jv wZbRbÑÑci‡gk¦ix, KvjvBqv ev m`vMi Ges †bBbv½v| weRy Drme PvKgv‡ì GKwU cÖavb Drme| ˆP‡Îi †kl `yBw`b ÔdzjweRyÕ I Ôg~jweRyÕ Ges c‡njv êkvL‡K ÔMh©¨vch©¨vÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _v‡K Zviv| †jvKb„Z¨MxZ wn‡m‡e ÔRygbvPÕ I ÔweRybvPÕ †ek RbwcÖq|

evsjv‡`‡ki ¶z`ª RvwZmËv

Mv‡iv Mv‡iv Rb‡Mvôxi cÖavb emwZ gqgbwmsn, Uv½vBj I wm‡jU AÂ‡j| g‡½vjxq Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍM©Z Mv‡iviv gvZ…m~Îxq| †g‡qiv cwiev‡ii m¤úwËi gvwjK nq| weev‡ni ci ei ¯¿xi evwo‡Z wM‡q emevm K‡i _v‡K| mšÍvbmšÍwZiv gv‡qi c`we aviY K‡i| Z‡e cwievi Ges mgvR cwiPvjbv I kvm‡b cyi“‡livB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K| GKB †Mv‡Î weevn Mv‡iv mgv‡R wbwl×| Mv‡iv‡ì wbR¯^ ag© Av‡Q| GwU GK ai‡bi cÖK…wZ c~Rv| ÔZvZviv iveyMvÕ Zv‡ì cÖavb †èZv| wZwb Ab¨vb¨ †èZv‡ì mnvqZvq c„w_ex, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘ cÖf„wZ m„wó K‡ib| c„w_ex m„wó‡Z Zv‡K mnvqZv K‡ib b¯Í bycvÊy I gvwP| Ab¨vb¨ †èZviv n‡jb mvjRs (m~h©), †QvQyg (P›`ª), †gb (c„w_ex), bevs (g„‡Zi i¶K) BZ¨vw`| Zviv cy‡ivwnZ‡K ÔKvgvjÕ e‡j| Z‡e GLb AwaKvsk Mv‡iv wLªó ag©vej¤^x| Av‡M Mv‡iv mgv‡R A‡bK AvwLs bKgv (ivRv) wQj| mswb bKgv (MÖvg-cÖkvmK) MÖv‡gi kvmb I wePvi cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| Mv‡iviv cÖavbZ K…wlRxex| cvnv‡o emevmKvixiv Ryg Pvl K‡i| Avi mgZjf~wgi Mv‡iviv mvaviY wbq‡g K…wlKvR K‡i| bvix I cyi“l GKmv‡_ gv‡V KvR K‡i| Rb¥ †_‡K g„Zz¨ Aewa Rxe‡bi bvbv ch©v‡q wewfbœ agx©q I mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyôvb cvjb Kiv nq| Mv‡iviv fvZ, gvQ, cï-cvwLi gvsm Ges bvbv kvK-mewR †L‡q _v‡K| wb‡R‡ì ˆZwi GKai‡bi cvbxqI cÖPwjZ| Zv‡ì cyi“l‡ì ci‡b _v‡K Mv‡›`v, cvš¿v, Rvgv, Kvw` ev KwUc BZ¨vw` †cvkvK| Avi †g‡qiv c‡i †iwKs, Rvib, Avbcvb, Kwcs BZ¨vw`| Zviv wewfbœ ai‡bi Aj¼viI eënvi K‡i _v‡K| Mv‡iv ms¯‹…wZ‡Z MxZev`¨ I b„Z¨ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Zv‡ì wbR¯^ wKQy ev`¨hš¿I Av‡Q| dmj †evbv, bevbœ, beel© BZ¨vw` Dcj‡¶ wewfbœ Drm‡ei Av‡qvRb nq| ÔIqvb MvjvÕ Mv‡iv‡ì GKwU RbwcÖq Drme|

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wPÎ : b„Z¨iZ gwYcywi

evsjv‡`‡ki ¶z`ª RvwZmËv

wÎcyiv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi LvMovQwo, ivgMo, ivOvgvwU, KvßvB Ges PÆMÖvg †Rjv, e„nËi Kzwgjv, †bvqvLvwj I wm‡jU AÂ‡j emevmKvix wÎcyiv Rb‡Mvôx g‡½vjxq gnvRvwZi Ask| Zv‡ì fvlvi bvg ÔKKeiKÕ| G‡ì wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv eY©gvjv †bB| wÎcyiv mgvReë¯’v wcZ…Zvwš¿K| †Q‡jivB m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix nq| wÎcyiviv eZ©gv‡b mvaviYfv‡e mbvZb wn›`y ag©vej¤^x| wKš‘ Zviv GLbI Zv‡ì cÖvPxb †jvKR a‡g©i bvbv †è-†èxi c~Rv AP©bv K‡i Ges wewfbœ Abyôvbvw` K‡i| wÎcyiv-we‡q‡Z wewfbœ ch©vq _v‡K| Gi GKwU n‡jv ÔPK KvbvBÕ| Hw`b eic¶ we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi cvbxq ÔKvevsÕ bv‡gi we‡kl cv‡Î K‡i wb‡q Av‡m Ges AvbyôvwbK cÖ¯Íve †`q| we‡qi w`b ZvwiL Ges Ô`vdvÕ A_v©r Kb¨vcYmn wewfbœ K_vevZ©v P~ovšÍ Kiv nq| we‡qi w`b bvbv AvbyôvwbKZv _v‡K| Gi GKwU n‡jv we‡qevwo‡Z †fv‡Ri R‡b¨ ea Kiv k~K‡ii KwjRv †`‡L `¤úwZi fwel¨r wba©viY Kiv| wÎcyiv †g‡qiv Kvco eq‡b LyeB `¶| Zviv wb‡R‡ì ci‡bi Kvco wb‡RivB Zuv‡Z ˆZwi K‡i| Zvi Ic‡ii AskUv‡K ejv nq ÔwimvBÕ Ges wb‡Pi Ask‡K ÔwibvBÕ| Avi cyi“‡liv cwiavb K‡i wb‡R‡ì ˆZwi MvgQv I aywZ| wÎcyiv RvwZi cÖavb Lv`¨ fvZ, ïuUwK gvQ I wewfbœ cï-cvwLi gvsm| wÎcyiviv K…wlRxex| Zviv cvnv‡o Ryg Pvl K‡i| Ryg Pvl‡K Zv‡ì fvlvq ejv nq Ô†nvMÕ| wÎcyiv‡ì m½xZ I b„Z¨ LyeB mg„×| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wewfbœ m½x‡Zi cÖPjb †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb Av‡Q bvbv cÖKv‡ii b„ZÏ| GiKg wKQy b„Z¨ n‡jvÑÑKv_viK b„Z¨ (gv½wjK b„Z¨), PgjvB b„Z¨ (dmj N‡i †Zvjvi ci Avb›`-b„Z¨), LygPvgvs b„Z¨ (em‡šÍi AvMg‡b b„Z¨), Mwoqv ev MovBqv b„Z¨ (Mwoqv †èZvi D‡Ï‡k wb‡ew`Z b„Z¨) BZ¨vw`| wÎcyiv‡ì cÖavb Drme beel© ev êmyL| wÎcyiv Rb‡Mvôxi ÔêmyLÕ, gvigv‡ì ÔmvsMÖvBÕ Ges PvKgv‡ì ÔweRyÕ Drm‡ei cÖ_g A¶i wb‡q ÔêmvweÕ Drme GLb beel© Dcj‡¶ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi RvZxq Drme|

mvuIZvj muvIZvj Rb‡Mvôxi †jvK cÖavbZ DËie½ Ges wm‡j‡Ui Pv evMv‡b emevm K‡i| Aw÷ªK Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍM©Z mvuIZvjiv g~jZ 12wU †Mv‡Î wef³| G¸‡jv n‡jvÑÑwK¯‹z, gygy©, †ngeªg, gvivwÛ, †mv‡ib, UzWy BZ¨vw`| Zv‡ì fvlvI AwóªK cwiev‡ii| mvuIZvj mgvR wcZ…Zvwš¿K| m¤úwËi gvwjKvbvq Ges mgvR I cwiev‡i cyi“lB cÖavb| muvIZvj‡ì wbR¯^ ag© Av‡Q| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv ag©MÖš’ †bB| GB a‡g©i cÖavb †èZv wb‡qI weZK© Av‡Q| †KD e‡jb Zv‡ì Avw` †èZv Ôwms †ev½vÕ, †KD e‡jb ÔVvKziÕ, Avevi Kv‡iv g‡Z ÔaigÕ| Ôwms †ev½vÕ A_© m~h©| wn›`y a‡g©i cÖfv‡e muvIZvj‡ì A‡b‡K GL‡bv gbmv, PÊx, wke GiKg †jŠwKK I †cŠivwYK †èZvi c~Rv K‡i _v‡Kb| A‡b‡K Avevi wLªó a‡g© ag©všÍwiZ n‡”Qb| †ckvi w`K †_‡K muvIZvj Rb‡Mvôx cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M wef³ÑÑK…lK I kªwgK| A‡b‡Ki R‡b¨ K…wl †hgb cÖavb RxweKv †Zgwb A‡b‡K Avevi kªwgK wn‡m‡e wewfbœ RvqMvq KvR K‡i _v‡K| weªwUk-we‡ivax ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b muvIZvj‡ì msMÖvgx f~wgKv we‡kl K‡i ÔmuvIZvj we‡`ªvnÕ I Ôbv‡Pvj K…lK we‡`ªvnÕ BwZnv‡m we‡klfv‡e ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q|

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wPÎ : muvIZvj b„Z¨

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kãv_© I UxKv b„ZË¡

- gvby‡li D™¢e I cwiPq m¤ú‡K© †h kv‡¯¿ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zv‡K b„ZË¡ ejv nq|

¶z`ª RvwZmËv

- evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi e„nËi Ask n‡”Q evOvwj| evOvwj Qvov AviI wKQy Rb‡Mvôx ev RvwZ Av‡Q, hviv fvlv, mvgvwRK ixwZ-bxwZ cÖf„wZi w`K †_‡K evOvwj‡`i g‡Zv bq| G mKj RvwZmËvi GK-GKwU‡K ejv n‡q‡Q ¶z`ª RvwZmËv| †hgb PvKgv, gvigv, muvIZvj, nvRs, wÎcyiv BZ¨vw`|

ms¯‹…wZ

Avh©fvlv

- BD‡iv‡c cÖ_g D™¢e N‡U‡Q Ggb GKwU cÖavb fvlv‡Mvôxi bvg B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv †Mvôx| Zvi GKwU kvLvi bvg Avh© fvlv| GB Avh© fvlv †_‡K evsjv, wnw›` Iwoqv, PvKgv cÖf„wZi fvlvi m„wó n‡q‡Q|

Lvw`

- nv‡Z KvUv (†gwk‡b bq) myZv w`‡q ˆZwi Kvco|

e¨w³, †Mvôx ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi AvZ¥cwiPq cvIqv hvq Ggb ˆewkó¨‡K ejv nq ms¯‹…wZ| evOvwji GKwU we‡kl ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q, Zvi Øviv evOvwj‡K Ab¨vb¨ RvwZ†Mvôx †_‡K Avjv`v Kiv hvq| †Zgwb ¶z`ª RvwZmg~‡ni ms¯‹…wZI Avjv`v Avjv`v| Z‡e bvMwiK‡Z¡i cwiP‡q evsjv‡`‡ki mK‡jB GK I Awfbœ|

evsjv‡`‡ki ¶z`ª RvwZmËv

wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwievi

gvbe mgv‡R `yÕiK‡gi cwievi cÖ_vi m„wó n‡q‡Q: (K) wcZ„Zvwš¿K, (L) gvZ…Zvwš¿K| cwiev‡ii cÖavb †bZ…Z¡, A_©‰bwZK ¶gZv I m¤úwË hw` cyiy‡li nv‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j †m-iK‡gi cwievi‡K ejv nq wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwievi| Avi †h cwievi cÖ_vq D³ †bZ…Z¡ I ¶gZv bvixi nv‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡K ejv nq gvZ…Zvwš¿K| evOvwj‡`i g‡Zv PvKgv‡`i cwievi wcZ…Zvwš¿K| Z‡e GKv‡j gvZ…Zvwš¿K cwiev‡iI wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwiev‡ii cÖfve c‡o‡Q|

gvZ…m~Îxq cwievi

Ñ wKQz mgvR Av‡Q †hLv‡b cyiylMY mgvR cwiPvjbv I kvm‡bi AwaKvix n‡jI bvix‡`i cwiP‡qB cwievi cwiwPZ nq| G ai‡bi cwievi‡K gvZ…m~Îxq cwievi e‡j| †hgb : Mv‡iv cwievi|

HwZn¨

- AZx‡Zi †h mKj cÖ_v, ixwZ-bxwZ hv eZ©gvb Kv‡jI AbymiY Kiv nq, Zv‡K HwZn¨ e‡j|

†jŠwKK AvPvi

- Abyôvb-¯’vb I RvwZ we‡k‡li HwZn¨MZ AvPvi-Abyôvb hvi g‡a¨ eZ©gvb bvMwiK i“wPi cÖfve c‡o wb, Zv‡K †jŠwKK AvPvi-Abyôvb ejv nq|

c`we

Dcvwa, hv bv‡gi †k‡l †hvM K‡i esk cwiPq †`qv nq| c`we ej‡Z Kg©‡¶‡Î ¯Íi ev gh©v`vI †evSvq|

Ryg

- cvnv‡o Pvlvev‡`i we‡kl c×wZ|

g‡½vjxq fvlv‡Mvôx

- GKwU fvlv‡MvôxÑÑGB fvlv‡Mvôxi AšÍM©Z cÖwZwU fvlvi Avjv`v i~c I ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q|

gÊc

- c~Rv ev mfv-mwgwZi Rb¨ Qv`hy³ PZ¡i|

cªexY

- eq¯‹|

eqb

- †evbv|

cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ evsjv‡`‡k emevmiZ wewfbœ ¶y`ª RvwZ‡Mvôx m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv|

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bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1.

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e½eÜz RmxgD`&`xb gywReyi ingvb IB bv‡g †hb wemywfqv‡mi AwMœ-DMvix evb| e½‡`‡ki G cÖvšÍ n‡Z mKj cÖvšÍ †Q‡q, R¡vjvq R¡wj‡Q gnvKvjvbj SÅv-Akwb †e‡q| gv‡qi ey‡Ki fv‡qi ey‡Ki †ev‡bi ey‡Ki R¡vjv, Ze m¤§yL c‡_ c‡_ AvR †`Lv‡q Pwj‡Q Avjv| Rxeb `v‡bi cÖwZÁv j‡q j¶ †mbvbx cv‡Q, †Zvgvi ûKzg Zvwg‡ji jvwM mv‡_ Ze Pwjqv‡Q| ivR fq Avi Kvivk„•Ljv †njvq K‡iQ Rq duvwmi g‡Â gnË¡ Ze KL‡bv nq wb ¶q| evsjv‡`‡ki gyKzUwenxb Zzwg cÖg~Z© ivR, cÖwZ evOvwji ü`‡q ü`‡q †Zvgvi Z³-ZvR| †Zvgvi GKwU AvOyj †nj‡b APj †h miKvi Awd‡m Awd‡m Zvjv †j‡M †M‡Q Ñ ¯Íä ûKzg`vi| GB evOjvq ï‡bwQ Avgiv mKj Kwiqv Z¨vM, mbœ¨vmx †e‡k †`k-eÜzi kvšÍ-gayi WvK| ï‡bwQ Avgiv MvÜxi evYx Rxeb Kwiqv `vb, wgjv‡Z cv‡iwb †cÖg-eÜ‡b wn›`y-gymyjgvb| Zviv hv cv‡iwb Zzwg Zv K‡iQ, a‡g© a‡g© Avi, RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z fywjqv‡Q †f` mšÍvb evOjvi| †Zvgvi ûKz‡g †ij-Rvnv‡Ri PvKv †h P‡jwb Avi nvB‡Kv‡U©i eÜ `iRv Lywj‡e mva¨ Kvi! †Zvgvi ûKz‡g Zz”Q Kwiqv kvmb-Îvmb-fq, Avgiv evOvwj g„Zz¨i c‡_ P‡jwQ Avwb‡Z Rq| c‡_ c‡_ Zviv wjwLj wjLb ey‡Ki i³ w`‡q, j¶ j¶ QywUj evOvwj †mB evYx dzKvwi‡q| gwievi †m Kx Db¥v`bv †h, fq cvjvBj f‡q, cvM‡ji g‡Zv †Qv‡U bi-bvix g„Zz¨‡i nv‡Z j‡q| Av‡iv GKw`b ab¨ nBe ab-avb¨‡Z fiv, Áv‡b-Mwigvq nvwm‡e G‡`k mxwgZ-emyÜiv| gv‡Vi c‡Î dm‡jiv Avwm FZzi em‡b †kvwf, ei‡Y myev‡m AvuwKqv hvB‡e bK&mx Kuv_vi Qwe| gvby‡l gvby‡l iwn‡e bv †f`, mK‡j mKjKvi, GKmv‡_ fvM Kwiqv LvB‡e m¤ú` hZ gvi|

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- BZvwji †bcj&m&-G Aew¯’Z Av‡MœqwMwi; Vesuvious|

AwMœ-DMvix evb

- Av¸b D`&wMiY K‡i Ggb Zxi|

gnvKvjvbj

- m„wó aesmKvix Av¸b; cÖjqvwMœ|

Zvwgj

- cvjb, gvb¨|

†njv

- AeÁv, N„Yv|

cÖg~Z©

- we‡klfv‡e cÖKvwkZ; ¯úófv‡e e¨³|

Z³

- ivRwmsnvmb|

ZvR

- gyKzU|

ûKzg`vi

mbœ¨vmx

†`keÜy

MvÜx

- fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi gnvb †bZv I RvwZi wcZv| cy‡iv bvgÑ†gvnb`vm KigPuv` MvÜx| wZwb 1869 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1948 mv‡j Zuvi g„Zz¨ nq|

dzKwiqv

- evYx; Avnevb|

cvV-cwiwPwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZi RbK| Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb, †kvlY I wbcxo‡bi nvZ †_‡K evOvwj RvwZ‡K i¶v Ki‡Z wZwb `xN©Kvj msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb| †Rj, Ryjyg, AZ¨vPvi, duvwmi Av‡`k w`‡qI ˆ¯^ivPvix cvwK¯Ívb miKvi Zuv‡K `gv‡Z cv‡i wb| †kL gywReyi ingvb bvgwU‡KB cÖPÊ fq †c‡Zv cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv| †`‡ki gvby‡li ü`‡q Zuvi ¯’vb wQj msMÖvg I ¯^vaxbZvi †cÖiYv wn‡m‡e| 1948 wLªóv‡ã ïi“ nIqv fvlv Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvc~‡e©i mKj Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY I †bZ…Z¡ †`b wZwb| wØZxq wek¦hy× PjvKv‡j 1942-44 wLªóv‡ã g¨vwUªK I AvB. G. cvk Kivi mgq †_‡KB wZwb weªwUkwe‡ivax ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib| 1947 wLªóv‡ã †`kfv‡Mi ci wZwb KjKvZvq cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i bZzb ivóª cvwK¯Ív‡b P‡j Av‡mb| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k ZLb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj| cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv ïi“ †_‡KB G‡`‡ki Rb‡Mvôxi Ici wbg©g AZ¨vPvi ïi“ K‡i| G‡`‡ki m¤ú` wb‡q Zv‡`i A_©‰bwZK fvM¨ e`jv‡Z _v‡K| †kL gywReyi ingvb

e½eÜz

Gi cÖwZev` Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi d‡j Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 1952-i GKz‡k †deªyqvwi‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb kvm‡Kiv evsjv fvlv i¶vq msMÖvgiZ‡ì ivRc‡_ ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| G mgq e½eÜz Kvivi“× wQ‡jb| 1948 wLªóv‡ã e½eÜzi mwµq eY©vX¨ ivR‰bwZK Rxeb ïi“ nq AvIqvgx jx‡M †hvM`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q| GK `k‡Ki g‡a¨ wZwb †`‡ki Awemsevw`Z †bZv I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi Pvj‡K cwiYZ nb| 1966 wLªóv‡ã wZwb evOvwji gyw³ mb` 6 `dv †NvlYv K‡ib| 1968 wLóv‡ã Zuvi wei“‡× cvwK¯Ívb miKvi ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÕ bv‡g wg_¨v gvgjv Rvwi K‡i| G‡`‡ki QvÎ-QvÎx I mvaviY gvby‡li `ye©vi Av‡›`vj‡b fxZ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv lohš¿g~jK gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| 1969 wLªóv‡ãi 23†k †deª“qvwi QvÎ-msMÖvg cwil` †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb) Zuv‡K msea©bv cÖ`vb K‡i I Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i| G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ †fvUvwaKvi cÖwZôvqI Zuvi Ae`vb Abb¨| 1970 mv‡j e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil` wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk weRq AR©b K‡i| wKš‘ ¶gZvÜ I ˆ¯îvPvix cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKiv ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi bv K‡i lohš¿ AvuU‡Z _v‡K| 1971 wLªóv‡ãi 7B gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib : ÒGev‡ii msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Ó 1971-Gi 26†k gvP© iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i cvwK¯Ívwb nv‡qbviv evOvwj‡ì Ici wbgg©fv‡e Suvwc‡q c‡o| cÖ_g iv‡ZB AmsL¨ gvbyl wbnZ nb| e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i wb‡¶c Kiv nq KvivMv‡i| G‡`‡ki mKj ¯Í‡ii gvbyl Zuv‡ì wcÖq Ôe½eÜzÕi Av`k© I Av‡`‡k DØy× n‡q i³¶qx hy‡× AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| 30 j¶ Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q 16B wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| Rb¥ †bq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k| 1971 mv‡ji 10B Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K e½eÜz gyw³ †c‡q Zuvi wcÖq gvZ…f~wg evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib Ges †`kMovi †¶‡Î †bZ…Z¡ nv‡Z †bb| Kwe RmxgD`&`xb Ôe½eÜzÕ kxl©K KweZvq e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gnvb GB msMÖvgx Rxe‡bi Zvrch©c~Y© cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|

†jLK-cwiwPwZ RmxgD`&`x‡bi KwecÖwZfvi D‡b¥l N‡UwQj QvÎRxe‡b| wZwb hLb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ, ZLbB Zuvi ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡ewkKv †kªwYi evsjv msKj‡b AšÍfy©³ n‡qwQj| Zuvi KweZvq mnRmij fvlvq, mvejxj Q‡›` i~c †c‡q‡Q MÖvgevsjvi cÖK…wZ I Rxe‡bi bvbvb Qwe| RmxgD`&`x‡bi weL¨vZ ÔbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÕ Kve¨wU wewfbœ we‡`wk fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Zuvi KweZv¸‡jv 15wU MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wZwb ¯§„wZK_v, ågYKvwnwb, bvUK I cÖeÜ wj‡L‡Qb| wkï‡ì Rb¨ †jLv ÔWvwjg KzgviÕ Zuvi Abe`¨ iPbv| G QvovI †QvU‡ì Rb¨ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb ÔnvmyÕ, ÔGK cqmvi euvkxÕ BZ¨vw` KweZvMÖš’| Kg©Rxe‡bi ïi“‡Z RmxgD`&`xb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv K‡ib, c‡i miKv‡ii cÖPvi wefv‡M `xN© w`b KvR K‡ib| wZwb MÖvgvÂ‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i A‡bK †jvKmsMxZ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| KweK…wZi ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e KjKvZvi iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K W±i Ae wjUv‡iPvi Dcvwa‡Z m¤§vwbZ K‡i| RmxgD`&`x‡bi Rb¥ 1903 wLªóv‡ãi 30†k A‡±vei dwi`cy‡ii Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g| 1976 wLªóv‡ãi 14B gvP© wZwb XvKvq g„ZzëiY K‡ib|

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Kg©-Abykxjb K. RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywRey‡ii Kg©RMr wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi KvR)| L. e½eÜzi Rxeb I Kg© Aej¤^‡b Qov, KweZv, Mí, cÖeÜ wj‡L †`qvj cwÎKv †ei Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi KvR)|

Rq Avb‡Z evOvwj †Kvb c‡_ P‡jwQj ? K. KuvUvfiv

L. g„Zz¨i

M. hy‡×i

N. Kj¨v‡Yi

†`keÜzi WvK †Kgb wQj ? K. kvšÍ-gayi

L. eRªKÉx

M. Kzmyg-†Kvgj

N. AwMœg‡š¿ fv¯^i

¯^vaxb †`‡ki Rb¨ givi Db¥v`bvq Ñ i. bvix-cyi“l g„Zz¨‡K nv‡Z wb‡q NyiZ ii. f‡q mK‡j g„Zz¨wPšÍv fy‡j wM‡qwQj iii. mK‡ji fq f‡q cvwj‡qwQj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii

L. i I iii

M. ii I iii

N. i, ii I iii

DÏxcKwU c‡o wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : wPb‡Z bvwK †mvbvi †Q‡j ¶zw`ivg‡K wPb‡Z iy×k¦v‡m cÖvY w`j †h gy³ evZvm wKb‡Z|

e½eÜz

DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨ Ôe½eÜzÕ KweZvi †h welq dz‡U I‡V‡Q Zv n‡jvÑÑ i . AvZ¥`v‡bi gvbwmKZv ii. wPivqZ Kj¨vY Kvgbv iii. ¯^RvwZi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i M . i I ii

L. ii N. ii I iii

DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv welqwU wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Yi mv‡_ AwaKZi mvgÄm¨c~Y© ? K. duvwmi g‡Â gnË¡ Ze KL‡bv nq wb ¶q| L. †Zvgvi ûKz‡g †ij-Rvnv‡Ri PvKv †h P‡jwb Avi M. cvM‡ji g‡Zv †Qv‡U bi-bvix g„Zz¨‡i nv‡Z j‡q N. gvby‡l gvby‡l iwn‡e bv †f`, mK‡j mKjKvi|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1.

Amnvq RvwZ gwiQ Wyweqv, Rv‡b bv mšÍiY, KvÊvwi AvR †`wLe †Zvgvi gvZ…gyw³cY| wn›`y bv Iiv gymwjg? IB wRÁv‡m †Kvb Rb? KvÊvwi! ej Wywe‡Q gvbyl, mšÍvb †gvi gvi| K. e½eÜz evsjvi mšÍvb‡`i Kx‡mi †f` fyjv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? L. ÔgywReyi ingvbÕ bvgwU‡K wemywfqv‡mi AMœyrcv‡Zi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †Kb? M. DÏxc‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ KweZvq e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †Kvb †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxcKwU Ôe½eÜzÕ KweZvi mgMÖ welqe¯‘ cÖKvk K‡i wK?Ñ†Zvgvi g‡Zi c‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

`w¶Y Avwd«Kvi Awemsev`x †bZv †bjmb †g‡Ûjv eY©ev‡ì wei“‡× msMÖvg Ki‡Z wM‡q `xN© 24 eQi Kviv‡fvM K‡i‡Qb| mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q AgvbweK wbh©vZb| wKš‘ gv_v bZ K‡ibwb| µgvš^‡q Zuvi Av`‡k© D¾xweZ gvby‡li msL¨v evo‡Z _v‡K| GKmgq Aemvb N‡U eY©ev‡ì| Rq nq gvbeZvi| K. ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi c~‡e© ZrKvjxb miKvi APj n‡q †hZ Kxfv‡e? L. e½eÜz‡K Ôevsjv‡`‡ki gyKzUwenxb cÖg~Z©ivRÕ ejv nq †Kb? M. e½eÜzi †Kvb êwkó¨wUi mv‡_ DÏxc‡K Dwj-wLZ Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q? eY©bv Ki| N. Ôe½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb I DÏxc‡Ki e¨w³Z¡ DfqB RvwZi †cÖiYvi Drm|ÕÑÑgšÍe¨wUi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki|

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†gjv Avnmvb nvexe dz‡ji †gjv cvwLi †gjv AvKvk Ry‡o Zvivi †gjv †ivR mKv‡j i‡Oi †gjv mvZ mvM‡i †XD‡qi †gjv| Avi GK †gjv RMr Ry‡o fvBiv wg‡j †evbiv wg‡j is Kzwo‡q †eovq Zviv bxj AvKv‡ki Acvi bx‡j dz‡ji ey‡K myevm hZ ey‡K gy‡L †bq †g‡L fvB cvwLi KjKÉ †_‡K myi Zz‡j †bq Zviv mevB| iv‡Zi c‡_ cvwo hLb, Zvivi AevK `xc †R¡‡j †bq †ivR mKv‡ji AvKvk c‡_ Av‡jvi cvwL †`q †Q‡o †`q| mvZ mvM‡ii eyK †_‡K †`q †XD Zz‡j †bq fv‡jvevmvi| RMr Ry‡o hvq Qwo‡q hvq Qwo‡q Av‡jv Avkvi| fv‡jvevmvi GB †h †gjv, GB †h †gjv fvB-Gi †ev‡bi, GB †h nvwm GB †h Lywk GB †h cÖxwZ j¶ g‡biÑ KwP meyR fvB-†evb‡`i Avcwb Mov GB †h †gjv, GB †gjv‡Z wbZ¨ P‡j Avcb g‡b GKwU †Ljv mviv‡ejvB †mB GK †Ljv Mo‡e bZzb GKwU evMvb, A‡bK dzj Avi A‡bK cvwL me cvwL‡`i Avjv`v MvbÑ Zvi gv‡SB GKwU myi meviB myi hvq wgwj‡q GK `ywbqv GK gvby‡li ¯^cœ Zviv hvq wgwj‡q|

†gjv

Av‡iK †gjv RMrRy‡o myevm wbZ¨ Zvi gv‡SB GKwU my‡i meviB myi hvq wgwj‡q

- wgjb ev GKÎ nIqv| Drme ev Abyôvb Dcj‡¶ RbM‡Yi mgv‡ek| †hgb, agx©q †Kv‡bv Abyôvb Dcj‡¶ †gjv| FZzwfwËK Abyôvb Dcj‡¶ †gjv, †hgb ˆekvwL †gjv; GiKg eB †gjv, K…wl †gjv, weÁvb †gjv BZ¨vw`| - †Q‡j-†g‡q wbwe©‡k‡l c„w_exi mKj wkï-wK‡kv‡ii wgj‡bi ev GKZvi Drme‡K Kwe Ab¨ GK iK‡gi †gjv e‡j‡Qb| - myMÜ| - †ivR - †fŠ‡MvwjK Kvi‡Y, mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK Kvi‡Y gvby‡liv Avjv`v Avjv`v m¤cÖ`v‡q wef³ n‡jI gbyl¨‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K mKj gvbyl GK| †mB GK wgj‡bi my‡i we‡f‡`i †iLv gy‡Q hvq|

cvV-cwiwPwZ c„w_exi Pviw`‡K hw` Avgiv `„wó w`B Z‡e †`L‡Z cvB evMv‡b dz‡ji †gjv, Mv‡Q Mv‡Q cvwLi †gjv Avi AvKv‡k Zvivi †gjv| G n‡jv cÖK…wZi RMr| Ab¨w`‡K c„w_exi wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì i‡q‡Q GKUv Avjv`v RMr, Av‡iKUv †gjv| AvKv‡ki bx‡ji g‡a¨ †h D`viZv i‡q‡Q, dz‡ji g‡a¨ †h cweÎ myevm i‡q‡Q, cvwLi Mv‡bi g‡a¨ †h myi i‡q‡QÑÑmeB †c‡q‡Q wkï-wK‡kviiv| cÖwZw`b AvKvk wbs‡o †h †iv` I‡V, †mLvb †_‡K Zviv †bq Rxe‡bi DËvc, mvZ-mvM‡ii eyK †_‡K Zviv †bq fv‡jvevmvi †XD| ZvB Zviv wek¦ Ry‡o Qwo‡q †`q bexb cÖv‡Yi Avkvi Av‡jv| KwP meyR fvB‡evb‡ì nvwm-Lywki g‡a¨ j¶ j¶ meyR g‡bi †mœn-cÖxwZi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q, †`k-Kv‡ji mxgvbv †f‡O Zviv AšÍ‡ii fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Mo‡Z Pv‡”Q GKwU my›ì RMr, mvRv‡bv evMv‡bi g‡Zv my›ì c„w_ex| G c„w_ex n‡e mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ GKUv Awfbœ c„w_ex| c„w_exi mKj wkï-wK‡kv‡ii fvlv GK bq| ZeyI me cvwLi Mv‡bi g‡a¨ †hgb GKUv my‡ii HK¨ Av‡Q, †Zgwb c„w_exi wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì g‡bi fvlvi g‡aÏ GKUv wgj Av‡Q| c„w_exi me gvbyl GKZve× n‡q †mœn-fv‡jvevmv c~Y© GKUv mgvR hw` M‡o †Zv‡j, Z‡e G c„w_exi g‡a¨ Avi †Kv‡bv weev` _vK‡e bv| ZLb c„w_ex n‡e GKUv †`k, gvbemgvR n‡e GKUv cwievi| ZLb KZ my›ì n‡e G c„w_ex|

†jLK-cwiwPwZ evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó Kwe Avnmvb nvexe| wZwb 1917 wLªóv‡ã wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi ksKicvkv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb †ckvq wQ‡jb mvsevw`K| `xN©Kvj wZwb Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕ cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ wefvM cwiPvjbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ Kve¨MÖš’ n‡”Q : ÔivwÎ‡klÕ, ÔQvqvnwiYÕ, Ômviv`ycyiÕ, ÔAvkvq emwZÕ, Ô†gN e‡j ˆP‡Î hv‡evÕ, Ô`yÕ nv‡Z `yB Avw`g cv_iÕ, Ôwe`xY© `c©‡Y gyLÕ BZ¨vw`| Avnmvb nvexe Abyev`K wn‡m‡eI cwiwPZ| Zuvi †jLv wkï‡Zvl MÖš’¸‡jv †ek RbwcÖq| wZwb ÔAviY¨ bxwjgvÕ bv‡g GKwU Dcb¨vmI iPbv K‡i‡Qb| 1985 wLªóv‡ã Kwe Avnmvb nvexe XvKvq g„ZzeiY K‡ib|

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iv‡Zi c‡_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡j wkï-wK‡kviiv Kvi Av‡jv †R¡‡j †bq? K. Puv‡`i L. Zvivi M. cÖ`x‡ci N. †RvbvwKi

Kwe wek¦ Ry‡o †Kvb †gjvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb? K. fv‡jvevmvi M. GKZvi

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