business-policy-1st-paper-question-bank

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM (1g cÎ) (e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv) Aa¨vq m~wP Aa¨vq bs

Aa¨v‡qi bvg

c„ôv bs

cÖ_g

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv (Business Nature & Scope)

01  14

wØZxq

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq (Sole Proprietorship Business)

15  24

Z…Zxq

Askx`vwi msMVb (Partnership Business)

25  39

PZz_©

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb (Company Organization)

40  54

cÂg

mgevq msMVb (Co-operative Organization or Association) 55  64

lô

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb (Business Finance)

65  71

mßg

evRvi I evRviRvZKiY (Market & Marketing)

72  85

Aóg

Avg`vwb I ißvwb (Import & Export)

86  94

beg

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ (Nature of Management)

95  105

`kg

cwiKíbv (Planning)

106  117

GKv`k

msMVb (Organization)

118  130

Øv`k

Kg©xms¯’vb (Staffing)

131  140

·qv`k

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡ (Direction & Leadership)

141  148

PZz`©k

†cÖlYv (Motivation)

149  156

cÂ`k

wbqš¿Y (Controlling)

157  166

K‡jR wbe©vPbx cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx cÖk)œ

167  196

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

197  208

†evW© cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

209  212

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM -1g cÎ Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, D”PZi, `ÿZv cÖ_g Aa¨vq-e¨emvq cÖK…wZ I AvIZv Ávb I Abyaveb 1. e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. e¨emv‡qi g~L¨ KvR †KvbwU ?

3. wkí ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. cY¨ wewbgq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. Af¨šÍixb evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. cÖZ¨ÿ †mev ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. e¨emvq msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. c‡Y¨i eÈbKvix kvLvwU Kx ?

11. cÖwµqvRvZ wkí ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

13. A_©‣bwZK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K Kx e‡j ?

15. e¨emvq‡K GKwU ¯^Zš¿ †ckv ejv nq †Kb ?

16. PvKwii †P‡q e¨emvq DËg †Kb ?

17. wkí‡K Drcv`‡bi evnb ejv nq †Kb ?

18. e¨emvq cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. e¨emvq mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

20. e¨emvwqK g~j¨‡eva ewj‡Z Kx eyS ?

21. e¨emvq •bwZKZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq| 22. Kg©ms¯ v‡bi †ÿ‡Î e¨emvq †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ?

23. †Kb cyb:ißvwb Kiv nq ?

24. e¨emvq mdjZvq •bwZKZv †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 25. cÖv_wgK wkí ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

26. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 27. B=∑I+∑T+∑AT mgxKiYwU eywS‡q ej | 28. e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ wkí, evwb‡R¨i m¤ú©K Kx ?

29. ¸`vgRvZKiY ewj‡Z Kx eyS ?

30. Avg`vwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

31. ißvwb evwbR¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

32. HwZnvwmK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

33. SzuwK I AwbðqZv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

34. cÖRbb wkí ewj‡Z Kx eyS ?

35. cÖhyw³MZ cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

36. gybvdv‡K SzuwK MÖn‡Yi cyi¯‥vi ejv nq †Kb ? # †h cvV¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZv Rb¨ co‡Z n‡e: 1. e¨emv‡qi •ewkó¨ 2. e¨emv‡qi AvIZv/cÖKvi‡f` 3. e¨emv‡qi Kvh©vejx 4. e¨emv‡qi cwi‡ek/ mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ 5. e¨emvq msMV‡bi cÖKvi‡f` wØZxq Aa¨vq GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb cÖkœ: 1. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi AvqKi cwi‡kva K‡i †K ?

3. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi `vq KZUzKz ?

4. c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg e¨emvq msMVbwUi bvg Kx ?

5. †c․i GjvKvq GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kivi Rb¨ Kvi KvQ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡Z nq ?

6. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨ †KvbwU ?

7. ÿY¯ vqx I `ªæZ cPbkxj `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î †Kvb e¨emvq Dchy³ ?

8. K…wlRvZ c‡Y¨i †ÿ‡Î †Kvb e¨emvq Dc‡hvMx ?

9. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq †Kb GZ RbwcÖq ?

10. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg †Kb ?

11. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi gvwj‡Ki Drmvn †ewk _v‡K †Kb ?

12. GKK wbqš¿Y m¤¢e n‡j GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvqB DËg †Kb ?

13. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi Dchy³ †ÿÎ ejv nq †Kb ?

14. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi c„_K mËvnxbZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 15. ÿz`ª e¨emvq GK gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki| 16. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Amxg `v‡qi •ØZ myweav Kx ?

17. †UªW jvB‡mÝ Kx ? ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbvi welq (cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1.GKgvwjKvbvi ‣ewkó¨ 2.Dchy³‡ÿÎ

ii

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq Askx`vwi e¨emvq msMVb Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb cÖkœ: 1. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx ?

2. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Pzw³e× m¤úK© Kx ?

3. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx ?

4. mxgve× Askx`vi e¨emvq Kx ?

5. mwµq Askx`vi Kx ?

6. wbw¯…q ev NygvšÍ Askx`vi Kx? 7. Kgx© Askx`vi Kx ?

8. bvggvÎ Askx`vi Kx ?

9. AvcvZ `„wó‡Z Askx`vi Kx ?

10. mxwgZ ev mxgve× Askx`vi Kx ?

11. cÖwZe× Askx`vi Kx ?

12. bvevjK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i Kx ?

13. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab Kx ?

14. wbie Askx`vi Kx ?

15. evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ Askx`vwi AvBb KZ mvj ?

16. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q bvggvÎ Askx`v‡ii `vq KZUzK z?

17. e¨vswKs Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ ?

18. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZ ?

19. Askx`vwi Pzw³ KZ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i ?

20. †Mvcbxq Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

21. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Askx`vwi `vq Amxg †Kb ?

22. Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

23. ÓPzw³B Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi g~jwfwËÓ e¨vL¨v Ki | 24. AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

25. Kg©x Askx`vi mvaviYZ `ÿ nq †Kb ?

26. cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v I wek¦vm ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

27. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Pzw³cÎ cÖ‡qvRb †Kb ?

28. AwbewÜZ Askx`vi e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi •ewkó¨ 2. Pzw³cÎ, wbeÜbcÎ 3. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi cÖKvi‡f` 4. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab iii

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

5.

6.

7.

AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq Askx`vwi‡`i `vq-`vwqZ¡ Askx`v‡ii cÖKvi‡f` PZz_© Aa¨vq †Kv¤úvwbi msMVb

Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb 1. †Kv¤úvwb msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. †Kv¤úvwbi AvBbMZ mËv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. †Kv¤úvwbi mmxg `vq ej‡Z Kx eyS? 4. wewae× †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. wbewÜZ †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb ¯^vaxb mËvwewkó cÖwZôvb Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 9. ¯§viK wjwc ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. msNwewa Kx/cwi‡gj wbqgvejx Kx? / †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixb cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqg bxwZi `wjj †KvbwU ?

11. b~¨bZg Puv`v ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. cwiPvjK‡`i †hvM¨Zv myPK †kqvi ej‡Z Kx †evS ?

13. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z ÿgZvewnfyZ© KvR Kx ?

14. weeiY cÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

16. FY cÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

17. Ae‡jLK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

18. †Kv¤úvwbi we‡jvcmvab ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ ?

20. †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb wbeÜb cÎ cvIqvi ci ciB e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z cv‡i?

21. †kqvin¯ÍvšÍi †hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

22. †Kv¤úvwbi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †Kvb cÖK…wZi ?

23. †kqvi gvwjKvbvi g~L¨ cÖgvb¨ `wjj‡K Kx e‡j ?

24. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i cÖwZwbwa Kv‡`i ejv nq ?

25. wbeÜb cÎ msMÖ‡ni ci †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i ?

26. †Kv¤úvwb‡K AvBb m„ó cÖwZôvb ejv nq †Kb ?

27. †Kv¤úvwbi wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

28. †Kv¤úvwb msMVb Askx`vwi e¨emvq †_‡K †kÖq †Kb ?

29. †Kv¤úvwb‡K †Kb DËg wewb‡qvM †ÿÎ ejv nq ?

iv

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

†nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cwiPvjK cl©` ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †Kv¤úvwbi mmxg `vq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? msN ¯§viK‡K †Kv¤úvwbi MVbZš¿ ejv nq †Kb ? †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †Kv¤úvwb msMVb Qvov e„n`vqZb e¨emvq M‡o †Zvjv Am¤¢e- e¨vL¨v Ki | miKvix I †emiKvix †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mb`cÖvwß †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS †Kv¤úvwbi mvaviY †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? weeibc‡Îi weKí wee„wZ Kx ? ivBU †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †evbvm †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wejw¤^Z †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †kqvi Iqv‡i›U ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. †Kv¤úvwbi •ewkó¨ 2. †Kv¤úvwbi cÖKvi‡f` 3. †Kv¤úvwbi MVb cÖYvjx 4. †Kv¤úvwbi `wjj cÎ 5. †Kv¤úvwbi we‡jvcmvab 6. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM 7. †Kv¤úvwbi wbeÜb cÂg Aa¨vq mgevq mwgwZ Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb 1. mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. µq mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. weµq mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. mgevq e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. exgv mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. eûgyLx mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? v

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

cÖv_wgK mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †K›`ªxq mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wgkÖ mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

Dcwewa ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mgevq mwgwZi b~¨bZg KZ Ask mwÂwZ Znwe‡j Rgv ivL‡Z nq ?

2001 mv‡j AvBb †gvZv‡eK mgevq mwgwZi me©wbgœ m`m¨ msL¨v KZ ? evsjv‡`‡ki mgevq AvBb †gvZv‡eK †kqv‡ii me©wbgœ g~j¨ KZ ? mgevq‡K mvg¨ I mn‡hvwMZvi Ac~e© †ÿÎ ejv nq †Kb ? mgevq msMVb‡K mgevq Av‡›`vjb ejv nq †Kb ? mgevq‡K ¯^íweË m¤úbœ gvby‡li msMVb ejv nq †Kb ? mgevq‡K †kvwl‡Zi AvZ¥ iÿvi `yM© ejv nq †Kb ? mgev‡qi g~j gš¿ ÔGKZvB ejÕ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mgevq GKUv wfbœagx© cÖwZôvb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? Ôgybvdv AR©b bq, m`m¨‡`i Kj¨vb mvab mgev‡qi g~j jÿ¨Õ- e¨vL¨v Ki|

¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. mgevq mwgwZi •ewkó¨ 2. mgevq mwgwZi cÖKvi‡f` 3. mgevq mwgwZi g~jbxwZ lô Aa¨vq- A_©ms¯’vb Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb cÖkœ 1. e¨emvq A_©ms¯ vb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. e¨emvq A_©ms¯ v‡bi Drm Kx ?

3. `xN©‡gqvw` A_©ms¯ vb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. webv cyuwR‡Z e¨emvq nq bv-e¨vL¨v Ki | 5. BSB Kx ?

6. BKB Kx ?

7. BSRS Kx ?

8. ICB Kx ?

9. MÖvgxb e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. †kqvi ev ÷K G‡Kª‡PÄ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

11. †kqvievRvi me ai‡bi gvby‡li g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y †Kb ?

12. e¨emvq m¤úªmvi‡b A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb †Kb ?

13. WvK c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? / KjIfvi c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. Rwes c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. Ab jvBb c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? / A‡Uv‡g‡UW Ab jvBb c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

16. ¯^í‡gqvw` A_©ms¯ v‡bi cÖv_wgK DrmwUi bvg Kx ?

17. †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` g~jab e¨envi Kiv nq ? vi

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

36.

37.

38.

39.

A_© wKfv‡e g~jab msK&ªvšÍ cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i| Kg©ms¯ vb e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

RvZxq A_©bxwZi `c©b †KvbwU ? †UªwWs †cv÷ wm‡÷g ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

A‡Uv‡g‡UW Ab jvBb c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? ga¨‡gqvw` A_©ms¯ vb ej‡Z Kx eyS? †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi weµq A_©ms¯ v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm ?

DSE Kx ?

CSE Kx ?

SEC Kx ?

GbwRI¸‡jv A_©ms¯ v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm ? evsjv‡`‡k †kqvi evRvi wbqš¿K ms¯ vi bvg Kx ? †kqvievRvi †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi weµ‡qi evRvi ? †eªvKvi nvDR ej‡Z Kx eyS ? evsjv‡`‡k ÷K GKª‡P‡Äi msL¨v KZ ? †kqvi I ÷K wfbœ †Kb ? gybvdv me©vwaKxKib ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wewmK Kx ? wewWweGj Kx ? †kqvi †eP-†Kbv c×wZ KqwU ? jÛb ÷K G·‡P‡Ä †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †kqvi µq-weµq nq ?

G Aa¨v‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv n‡jv(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. e¨emvq A_©ms¯ vb 2. e¨emvq A_©ms¯ v‡bi Drm 3. we‡klvwqZ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb mg~n 4. †kqvi evRvi 5. †kqvi µq-weµq c×wZ mßg Aa¨vq- evRviRvZKiY Ávb I Abyaveb 1. evRviRvZKiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. cÖwgZKiY I ch©vwqZKiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. †µZv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. †fv³v ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. †fv³v mš‧wó weavb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

vii

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

c‡Y¨i RxebPµ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? evRviRvZKib Kxfv‡e RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ K‡i ? wecwb gvjv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wkí cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

AvavcÖ¯‧Z cY¨ ev cY¨vsk ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wewkó¨ cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

AZ¨vek¨K cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †m․wLb cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †mev cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cY¨ e›Ub cÖYvjxi msÁv `vI| ga¨¯ e¨emvqx ej‡Z Kx eyS ? gv‡P©›U/ewbK ga¨¯ e¨emvqx ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cvBKvix e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

LyPiv e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

G‡R›U ev cÖwZwbwa e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? `vjvj ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

Kwgkb G‡R›U ej‡Z Kx eyS ? dwoqv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

SuywK evnK cÖwZwbwa ej‡Z Kx eyS ? `vq MÖvnK ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wbjvg`vi ej‡Z Kx eyS? cY¨ cÖvcK/KbmvBb ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wefvMxq wecYx ej‡Z Kx eyS ? eûkvLv wecYx ej‡Z Kx eyS ? evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? weÁvcY ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cÖPvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? e¨w³K weµq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? weµq cÖmvi ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wm‡bgv ¯øvBW ej‡Z Kx eyS ? weÁvcbx djK ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †gjv cÖ`k©bx ej‡Z Kx eyS ? b‡fjwU ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cY¨ cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? weÁvcb †_‡K cÖPvi wfbœ †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki| wefvMxq wecYx, eûkvLv wecYx †_‡K Avjv`v †Kb ? c‡Y¨i ¯ vbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i †K ?

viii

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

evRvi mgxÿv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? k~b¨ e›Ub cÖYvjx Kx ? cvBKvi‡`i Drcv`‡Ki weµq cÖwZwbwa ejv nq †Kb ? cÖPvi I weÁvc‡bi g‡a¨ D‡Ïk¨MZ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Kx ?

Kv‡K AvaywbK evRviRvZKi‡bi RbK ejv nq ? ga¨¯ e¨emvqx Drcv`K Ges cÖK…Z †fv³vi g‡a¨ †mZze܇Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i - e¨vL¨v Ki| evRviRvZKi‡bi KvR evwbR¨ †_‡K wfbœ - eywS‡q ej |

G Aa¨v‡qi ¸iyZ¡c~b© welq(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. evRviRvZKi‡bi Kvh©vewj 2. †µZv I †fv³v 3. cY¨, c‡Y¨i RxebPµ,c‡Y¨i †kÖwYwefvM 4. e›Ub cªYvjx 5. ga¨¯ e¨emv‡qi cÖKvi‡f` 6. wewfbœ cÖKvi e„n`vqZb LyPiv e¨emvq 7. evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii nvwZqvi 8g Aa¨vq Avg`vwb ißvwb 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Avg`vwb e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? ißvwb e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cybtißvwb e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

PvjvbcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cÖZ¨qcÎ GK ai‡bi wbðqZv cÎ e¨vL¨v Ki | †b․-fvUKcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? evwYR¨ `y‡Zi Pvjvb Kx ?

AvMgb cÎ Kx ?

RvnvwR `wjj †Kb `iKvi ?

FOB Gi c~Y© iyc Kx ? d‡ivqvwW©s G‡R›U ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

Avg`vwb †_‡K ißvwb Avjv`v †Kb ? enbcÎ ev Pvjvwb iwm` ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wewbgq wej ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ?

•e‡`wkK evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †b․ exgvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS? •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ cÖfe‡jL Acwinvh© †Kb ? digv‡qk cÎ KZ cÖKvi ? e¨vL¨v Ki| ‡`bv wPVv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? ix

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

cvIbv wPVv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wb‡`©k wPVv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wK¬qvwis G‡R›U ej‡Z Kx eyS ? cÖfe †jL ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

KvuPv iwk` ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

RvnvwR `wjj Kx ? ewbK mfv Kx ? wK¬qvwis I d‡ivqvwWs G‡R›U ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

Pvjvwb iwk` †Kb cÖ‡qvRb nq ?e¨vL¨v Ki|

GB Aa¨v‡qi ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq (cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZv Rb¨ co‡e) 1. cY¨ Avg`vwb-ißvwb c×wZ| 2. •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ e¨eüZ `wjj| L-wefvM (e¨e¯’vcbv) Aa¨vq-9 : e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb 1. AvaywbK e¨e¯ vcbvi RbK ‡K ?

2. e¨e¯ vcbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. e¨e¯ vcbvi Pµ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. †K›`ªxq KiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. e¨e¯ vcbvi ¯Íi ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. `vk©wbK m‡µwU‡mi †Kvb evYx e¨e¯ vcbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖwYavb‡hvM¨ ?

7. •eÁvwbK e¨e¯ vcbvi RbK †K ?

8. e¨e¯ vcbv‡K Áv‡bi GKUv c„_K kvLv wn‡m‡e †K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb ?

9. e¨e¯ vcK †K ?

10. GKRb mycvifvBRvi e¨e¯ vcbvi †Kvb ch©v‡q c‡o ?

11. e¨e¯ vcbvi 6M ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. POSDCORB ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

13. cÖkvmb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. †Rvov gB wkKj bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. e¨e¯ vcbv mve©Rbxb-e¨vL¨v Ki| 16. e¨e¯ vcbv n‡jv jÿ¨ †K›`ªxK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 17. cÖkvmwbK Kv‡R †ewk gvbwmK kªg `iKvi nq-eywS‡q wjL| 18. we‡K›`ªxq KiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. e¨e¯ vcbvi bxwZgvjv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ?

20. e¨e¯ vcbvi Av‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

21. e¨e¯ vc‡Ki k„•Ljvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? x

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

22. e¨e¯ vcbv Kvh© m¤úv`‡b cwiKíbv †Kb me©v‡e‡cÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 23. Ôe¨e¯ vcbv n‡jv A‡Y¨i Øviv KvR Kwiqv †bIqv Õ-e¨vL¨v Ki | 24. †Kb ejv nq,e¨e¯ vcK hv K‡ib ZvB e¨e¯ vcbv | cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e  e¨e¯ vcbvi cÖK…wZ  e¨e¯ vcbv DrcwË  e¨e¯ vcbv Kvh©vejx  e¨e¯ vcbv bxwZgvjv  e¨e¯ vcbv ¯Íi

 

e¨e¯ vcbv I cÖkvm‡bi c‡ÿ cv_©K¨ e¨e¯ vcbvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cwiKíbv Aa¨vq: 10g

Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb: 1. Kg©m~Px †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o ?

2. GKv_©K cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. c×wZ †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o ?

6. cwiKíbv AvwObv ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

7. ev‡RU ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. cÖavb Kg©m~Px ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. Kvh©wfwËK cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. wefvMxq cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

11. AvÂwjK cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

13. ga¨g †gqvw` cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. cwiKíbv †Kvb ai‡bi KvR ?

16. ¯ vqx cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

17. jÿ¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

18. gv÷vi/mvgwMÖK cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. cwiKíbv •Zix Kiv nq †Kb?/cwiKíbv‡K fwel¨r Kvh©K‡gi b·kv ejv nq †Kb ?

20. cwiKíbv e¨e¯ vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri wfwË eywS‡q wjL| 21. cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi nvwZqviwU eywS‡q ej | xi

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

22. cwiKíbvnxb Rxeb jÿ¨nxb Zixi gZ e¨vL¨v Ki | 23. ÒcwiKíbv GKwU wbiwew”Qbœ cÖwµqvÕÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki | 24. we‡kl Kg©m~wP †Kb M„nxZ nq | cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e  cwiKíbvi •ewkó¨ mg~n  cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi c`‡ÿc  cwiKíbvi cÖKvi‡f`



GKv_©K I ¯ vqx cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ `vI| Aa¨vq -11Zg msMVb

Ávb I Abyaveb cªkœ 1. Organising kãwU †Kvb kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q ?

2. e¨e¯ vcbv msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. j‡ÿ¨i bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. `ÿZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. kÖgwefvR‡bi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. KZ…©Z¡ I `vwq‡Z¡ mgZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. fvimv‡g¨i bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. msMVb KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. msMVb PvU© ev wPÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. mij‣iwLK msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

11. mij‣iwLK I c`¯ Kgx© msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb Kv‡K e‡j ?

13. †gwUªKm msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. KwgwU msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. me‡P‡q mnR I mij cÖK…wZi msMVb KvVv‡gv †KvbwU ?

16. †Kvb msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z we‡klÁMY KZ…©Z¡ cvq ?

17. we‡klvq‡Yi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

18. e¨wZµ‡gi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. ZË¡veavb cwimi ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

20. msMVb ZvwjKv KZ cÖKvi ?

21. AbvbyôvwbK msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

22. msMVb ZvwjKv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb ?

23. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gvi cÖeZK© †K ?

24. msMVb KvVv‡gv,msMVb PvU© †_‡K wfbœ †Kb ?

25. mvgwiK msMV‡bi Aci bvg Kx ? xii

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

26. msMVb KvVv‡gv‡K wcivwg‡Wi mv‡_ †K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb ?

27. msMVb KvVv‡gv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb ?

28. ÕmsMVb KvVv‡gv msMV‡bi KvR I wefv‡Mi wb‡`©kK Õ-e¨vL¨v Ki | ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq (cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. e¨e¯ vcbv msMVb 2. msMVb cÖwµqvi c`‡ÿc 3. msMV‡bi bxwZgvjv 4. msMVb KvVv‡gv 5. msMVb PvU© 6. msMVb KvVv‡gvi cÖKvi‡f` Ges G‡`i myweav I Amyweav 7. msMVb ZvwjKvi cÖKvi‡f` Aa¨vq - 12 Kgx©ms¯’vb Ávb I Abyaveb : 1. ÷vwds ev Kgx©ms¯ vb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. Kgx© msMÖn ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

3. Kgx© msMÖ‡ni Drm KqwU ?

4. Kgx© wbe©vPb ej‡Z Kx eyS? 5. Kgx© wb‡qvM ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. c‡`vbœwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. c‡`vbœwZi wfwË KqwU ?

8. cÖwkÿY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. wkÿvbwek cÖwkÿb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. c` cwieZ©b cÖwkÿY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

11. cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

12. †mwgbvi c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

13. Awa‡ekb c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. weÁwß cÖ`vb Kg©x msMÖ‡ni †Kvb ai‡bi Drm ?

15. †R¨ôZv I †hvM¨Zvi wfwË c‡`vbœwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

16. Uv¯‥‡dvm© ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

17. Kg©x msMÖn I Kg©x wbe©vPb Kx Awfbœ ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 18. e¨e¯ vcbvq Kg©xms¯ vb †Kb AZ¨šZ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© ?

19. cÖwkÿY †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwµqv-e¨vL¨v Ki| 20. Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

21. Kg©x wbe©vP‡bi cÖ_g c`‡ÿc Kx ?

22. Kg©xms¯ v‡bi cÖavb KvR Kx ? xiii

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

23. D”P ch©v‡q e¨e¯ vcK‡`i Dbœq‡b †Kvb cÖwkÿY c×wZ †ewk Kvh©Ki ?

24. `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zv e„w×i Dcvq Kx ?

25. ÒKgx© ms‡MÖi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv m¤¢ve¨ Kgx©‡K Kv‡R AbycÖvwYZ K‡i †Zvjv Ó-e¨vL¨v Ki | ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq (cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) 1. Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Drm mg~n 2. Kg©x wbe©vP‡bi c`‡ÿc 3. Kg©x cÖwkÿ‡Yi c×wZ 4. Kg©x c‡`vbœwZi cÖKvi‡f` 5. Kg©x msMªn I Kg©x wbe©vP‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Aa¨vq - 13 wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡ Ávb I Abyaveb 1. wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. cÖkvm‡bi ürwcÛ n‡jv wb‡`©kbv Kvh© - e¨vL¨v Ki| 3. ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

4. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. †bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

6. •¯^ivPvix wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

7. wcZ…myjf wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

9. gy³ ev jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

10. †cÖlYv `v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

11. cÖZ¨q m„wói gva¨‡g wb‡`©kbv Kx ?

12. †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

13. Kg©x †K›`ªxK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

14. Kg©‡K›`ªxK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

15. •¯^iZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

16. wcZ…myjf †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

17. MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

18. jvMvgnxb †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

19. †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

20. ZË¡veavb ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

21. AbyôvwbK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

22. AbvbyôvwbK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? xiv

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

¯úóZv I mnR‡eva¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

BwZevPK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †bwZevPK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

KviY e¨vL¨vKiY bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? wb‡`©kbvq bgbxqZvi bxwZ †Kb cÖ‡qvRb ?

Av¯ v AR©b †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? e¨e¯ vcK‡K Kx †bZv ejv hvq ? †bZ…Z¡ Qvov †Kb msMVb Pj‡Z cv‡i bv ? wb‡`©kbv n‡jv msMV‡bi PvwjKv kw³ - e¨vL¨v Ki| wb‡`©kbv n‡jv ev¯Zevqbg~jK KvR - e¨vL¨v Ki| K‡j‡Ri Aa¨ÿ †Kvb ai‡bi †bZv ?

Kvh©Ki †bZ…‡Z¡ †hvMv‡hvM †Kb Acwinvh© ?

MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ DËg †Kb ? ‡Kvb gbxlx wb‡`©kbv‡K cÖkvm‡bi ürwc‡Ûi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb ?

•¯^iZvwš¿K m¤úwK©Z g~j avibv¸‡jv Zz‡j ai|

¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq (cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) wb‡`©kbv cÖKvi‡f`/c×wZ †bZ„‡Z¡i aib/cÖKvi‡f` Aa¨vq- 14 †cÖlYv Ávb I Abyaveb 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

†cÖlYv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? nvR©ev‡M©i †cÖlYv Z˦ KZ mv‡j cÖewZ©Z nq ?

AvZœZ…wßi cÖ‡qvRb‡K Pvwn`v Z‡Ë¡i m‡e©v”P ¯Z‡ii cÖ‡qvRb ejv nq †Kb ? gvm‡jv cÖ`Ë †cÖlYv Z‡Ë¡i bvg Kx ?

P=(A+k)M mgxKiY wU e¨vL¨v Ki ? †cÖlYv cÖwµqv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

Pvwn`v †mvcvb ZË¡ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ? †cÖlYvi g~j †K›`ªwe›`y Kx ? †cÖlYv Kxfv‡e g‡bvej evov‡Z mnvqZv K‡i ? e¨vL¨v Ki| †cÖlYv GKwU Aweivg cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki| wPwKrmv fvZv †Kvb ai‡bi †cÖlYv ? e¨vL¨v Ki| †cÖlYv wKfv‡e Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× K‡i ? xv

Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM-D”PZi `¶Zv g~jK cÖkœ

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

X I Y Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K ?

Afve†eva m„wó nq †Kv_v †_‡K ?

Kg©x cÖ‡Yv`bvi †ÿ‡Î Avw_©K Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx ?

Kg©x mš‧wó ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

DÏxcK Kx ?

Z- ZË¡ Kx ?

G Aa¨vq ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq mg~n(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) †cÖlbv`v‡bi c×wZ Aa¨vq - 15 wbqš¿Y Ávb I Abyaveb 1. wbqš¿Y ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2. wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvi c`‡ÿc KqwU ?

3. wbqš¿Y, ZË¡veavb †_‡K wfbœ †Kb ?

4. wbqš¿‡Yi ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯ v ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

5. wbqš¿Ynxb e¨e¯ vcbv A`ÿ I wek„sLjv n‡Z eva¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 6. wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvq Av`k© gvb cÖwZôv Kiv nq Kxfv‡e ?

7. ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

8. wbqš¿‡Yi wfwË Kx ?

9. wbqš¿Y‡K †Kb cieZ©x cwiKíbvi wfwË ejv nq ?

10. wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvq †Kb wePy¨wZ wbY©q Kiv nq ?

11. AwWU Kx ?

12. M¨v›U PvU© Kx ?

13. wbqš¿Y Aweivg cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki| 14. PERT Kx ?

15. wbqš¿b †K e¨e¯ vcbvi me©‡kl avc ejv nq †Kb ?

16. cwiKíbv I wbqš¿b g~`ªvi GwcU I IwcU -e¨vL¨v Ki | 17. BEP Kx ?

18. wbqš¿b †Kb KvjvwšZK KvR e¨vL¨v Ki | G Aa¨v‡qi ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv(cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZvi Rb¨ co‡e) wbqš¿‡bi c`‡ÿc wbqš¿‡bi †K․kj

xvi

1g Aa¨vq

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv Business Nature & Scope

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. AvivdvZ GKRb Avjy e¨emvqx| Drcv`b †g․my‡g cÖPzi Avjy µq K‡i †Kvì †÷v‡iR G msiÿY K‡ib Ges fvj g~j¨ cvIqvi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ mg‡q Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j mieivn K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wg. AvivdvZ wKiƒc e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 3 N. Pvwn`v Abymv‡i Avjy mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z Avivdv‡Zi KiYxq Kx? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ •ea Dcv‡q cY¨`ªe¨, †mev, civgk© cÖf„wZ Drcv`b, e›Ub I e›Ub mnvqK •ea Kvh©vejx‡K e¨emvq e‡j| L. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨wU gybvdv AR©b| †h me Kv‡R gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K bv †m¸‡jv e¨emvq wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq bv| e¨emvqx Zvi g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i wbR kªg I †gav w`‡q e¨emvq MVb I cwiPvjbv K‡ib ïaygvÎ AwaK A_© jv‡fi Avkvq| myZivs gybvdv AR©bB e¨emvqxi Ab¨Zg jÿ¨| M. wg. AvivdvZ Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨i mv‡_ RwoZ| †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i •eafv‡e †h µq weµq Kvh© m¤úvw`Z nq Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨ e‡j| evwYR¨ cÖavbZ cY¨ eȇbi mv‡_ RwoZ| GwU cY¨`ªe¨ msMÖn, msiÿY I †fv³vi wbKU mieivn K‡i| wg. AvivdvZ †g․my‡g Drcvw`Z Avjy µq K‡i †Kvì †÷v‡iR G msiÿY K‡ib Ges Pvwn`v we‡ePbv K‡i †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j wewµ K‡ib| myZivs wg. AvivdvZ A_©ms¯’vb, ¸`vgRvZKiY, cwienY cÖf„wZ eÈb msµvšÍ Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi gva¨‡g evwY‡R¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Qb| ZvB wg. AvivdvZ Gi e¨emvwqK Kvh©vejx evwY‡R¨i AšÍf©y³| N. Pvwn`v Abymv‡i Avjy mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z Avivdv‡Zi ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi Dci AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv DwPZ| KviY Avjy GKwU cPbkxj K…wlR dmj| GK †g․my‡g Drcvw`Z Avjy wewfbœ †g․my‡g wewµ Kiv nq e‡j ¸`vgRvZKiY Avek¨K| †Kvì †÷v‡iR G ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wg. AvivdvZ Avjyi mgqMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Qb| A_©vr wZwb †g․my‡g Drcvw`Z Avjy msiÿY K‡i mviveQi a‡i †fv³v‡`i mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g e¨env‡ii my‡hvM K‡i w`‡”Qb| ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g †fv³v‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Avjy mieivn m¤¢e nq| b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ mviveQi Avjy cÖvwßi †ÿ‡Î ¸`vgRvZKiY ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î ¸`vgRvZKiY Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ iÿv Ki‡Q| wg. AvivdvZ‡K †g․my‡g Drcvw`Z Avjy AwaK cwigv‡Y msiÿY K‡i mviv eQi Zvi †fv³v‡`i cÖvwßi welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi weµq e„w× I †fv³v mš‘wó weavb nq G‡Z Zvi e¨emv‡q gybvdvI e„w× cvq|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. cjvk mvfv‡i GKwU †cvwëª dvg© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| dv‡g© Drcvw`Z wWg wZwb wbR f¨v‡b K‡i XvKvi KviIqvb evRv‡i wewµ K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| wg. cjvk wb‡Ri Znwej Ges AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi wbKU n‡Z A_© msMÖn K‡i e¨emv‡q wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 10 Rb kªwgK wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb Ges SzuwK en‡bi gva¨‡g e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i jvfevb n‡q‡Qb| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. cY¨ wewbgq ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. cjv‡ki e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. cjv‡ki e¨emvq mdjZvi wcQ‡b †hme KviY we`¨gvb Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h cÖwµqvq cÖvK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡`i iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv nq Zv‡K wkí e‡j| L. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cY¨`ªe¨ µq-weµq Kvh©‡K cY¨ wewbgq e‡j| Giƒc wewbgq ev µq-weµq, eȇbi †ÿ‡Î gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi Kvh© m¤úbœ K‡i ¯^ZM¡ Z evav `~i K‡i| M. wg. cjv‡ki e¨emvqwU Af¨šÍixY e¨emvq| c‡Y¨i µq-weµq GKB †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i mxgve× _vK‡j Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY e¨emvq e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î c‡Y¨ †µZv I we‡µZv GKB †`‡ki nq| wg. cjvk Zvi wb‡Ri †cvwëª dvg© †_‡K Drcvw`Z wWg f¨v‡b K‡i KviIqvb evRv‡i weµq K‡ib| Zvi GB KvRwU Af¨šÍixY e¨emv‡qi g‡a¨ AšÍM©Z| N. wg. cjvk ¯^ZM¡ Z, A_©MZ, ¯’vbMZ I SzuwKMZ cÖwZeÜKZv `~i Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb weavq wZwb e¨emvq mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| wg. cjvk wbR D‡`¨v‡M mvfv‡i GKwU †cvwë dvg© ¯’vcb K‡i| Zvui Drcvw`Z cY¨ KviIqvb evRv‡i weµq Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vbMZ cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i‡Qb cwien‡bi gva¨‡g| A_©ms¯’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wZwb wbR¯^ g~jab Ges AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi wbKU †_‡K †hvMvb w`‡q‡Qb| e¨emvwqK †h SzuwK we`¨gvb Zv wZwb AwZ mn‡R enb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| wg. cjvk ïay wb‡Ri Kg©ms¯’vbB M‡o Zz‡jwb| wZwb AviI 10 Rb kªwgK‡`i Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c_ myMg K‡i‡Qb| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Zwbgv XvKv kn‡ii evwn‡i GKwU wbf„Z cjøxi evwm›`v| m¤cÖwZ wZwb we.G cvk K‡i e‡m bv †_‡K eøK, evwUK I †mjvB Gi Dci cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb| cÖwkÿY †k‡l evev I eo fvB‡qi KvQ †_‡K 50,000 UvKv, wb‡Ri mwÂZ 7000 UvKv wb‡q wbR evwo‡Z GKwU eywUK e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| Zvi cÖwZôv‡b `yRb Kg©Pvix Av‡Q| eywUK nvDR †_‡K G eQi 10,000 UvKv gybvdv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| Zwbgv eZ©gv‡b XvKvi avbgwÛ‡Z eywUK nvD‡Ri bZzb kvLv ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨wU eY©bv Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zwbgvi XvKvi avbgwÛ‡Z kvLv Lyj‡Z †Kvb AvBbMZ `wjj msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e wKbv| gZvgZ `vI| 4 2

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

DËi: K. •ea gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Drcv`b eÈb Ges Drcv`b I eȇbi mnvqK hveZxq Kvh©vejx‡K e¨emvq e‡j| L. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ nj gybvdv AR©b Kiv| gybvdv e¨emv‡qi Rxebxkw³| `xN© †gqv‡` wU‡K _vKvi Aby‡cÖiYv| GQvov e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY I mg„w×i Rb¨ gybvdv Acwinvh©| M. Zwbgvi wbR D‡`¨v‡M M‡o †Zvjv e¨emvqwU nj GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| †h e¨emv‡qi gvwjK GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ wZwb Zvui †gav kªg I eyw× LvwU‡q e¨emvq MVb, cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡ib ZvB GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| Dchy©³ me¸‡jv •ewkó¨ Zwbgvi MwVZ e¨emv‡q we`¨gvb wQj| Zwbgv wb‡Ri mwÂZ 7000 UvKv Ges evev I eo fvB‡qi wbKU †_‡K 50,000 UvKv GB ¯^í g~jab wb‡q wbR D‡`¨v‡M Kvievi ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zvi eo fvB‡K Askx`vi wn‡m‡e bv wb‡q mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e wb‡q 4 Rb †eZbfy³ Kg©Pvix w`‡q e¨emvqwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| G‡Z cÖwZqgvb nq †h, GwU GKwU GKgvwjgvbv e¨emvq| N. Zwbgv‡K XvKvi avbgwÛ‡Z kvLv Lyj‡Z †UªW jvB‡mÝ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨emvqwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| Avgiv Rvwb GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †Kvb AvBbMZ mË¡v †bB Ges G e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi AvBbMZ AvbyôvwbKZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| Zwbgv cÖ_g hLb wbf„Z cjøx‡Z e¨emvqwU MVb K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb AvBbMZ AvbyôvwbKZvi welqwU wb‡q Zv‡K fve‡Z nqwb| KviY Zvi RvbvwQj GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z †Kvb AvBbMZ `wjj msMÖn Ki‡Z nq bv| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq Zwbgvi e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU gvÎ 57,000 UvKv cyuwR wb‡q MwVZ n‡jI eZ©gv‡b Gi cyuwR I e¨emvwqK cwiwa A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| PjwZ erm‡i 10,000 UvKv AwR©Z gybvdv †mB Bw½ZwU enb K‡i| Gi d‡j bZzb kvLv ¯’vc‡bi c_ myMg n‡q‡Q| Zwbgv Zvi bZzb kvLvwU XvKvi AwfRvZ GjvKv avbgwÛ‡Z ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb| avbgwÛ GjvKvwU XvKv wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z nIqvq bZzb kvLv ¯’vc‡b †UªW jvB‡mÝ msMÖ‡ni Acwinvh©Zv i‡q‡Q| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: we¯ÍxY© GjvKvq †MvPviY f~wg _vKvq wmivRMÄ †Rjvi MÖvg A‡j A‡bK evwo‡Z †QvU †QvU `y» Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| wg. cÖZvc †Nvl GKRb `wi`ª A_P mr `ya we‡µZv| G Kvi‡Y mevB Zv‡K m¤§vb K‡i| wZwb wmivRM‡Äi MÖvg AÂj †_‡K `ya µq K‡i kn‡i evwo evwo †mB `ya wkï Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e weµq K‡ib| `y‡ai Pvwn`v †e‡o †M‡jI wZwb `y‡a †fRvj †gkvb bv| wZwb fv‡eb †fRvj wgwkªZ `ya cvb Ki‡j wkïiv Acywó‡Z fyM‡e| K. evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wg. cÖZvc e¨emv‡qi †Kvb `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÐ •bwZKZvi gvb`‡Ð g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. mnR A‡_© gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cY¨ `ªe¨ wewbgq I eÈb msµvšÍ KvR‡KB evwYR¨ e‡j| A_©vr wk‡í Drcvw`Z mvgMÖx cÖK…Z †fvMKvixi wbKU ev cieZ©x Drcv`‡bi wbKU †c․uQv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq Zvi mgwó‡KB evwYR¨ ejv n‡q _v‡K| 3

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

L. mgv‡Ri cÖwZ e¨emv‡qi †h `vwqZ¡ Zv‡KB mnR A‡_© e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ e‡j| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ c‡ÿi mv‡_ e¨emvq m¤úK©hy³| mevi cÖwZ G `vwqZ¡ cvjbB e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ wn‡m‡e MY¨| †Kvb e¨emvq cÖwZôvb AvBbMZfv‡e Ki‡Z eva¨ Ggb `vwqZ¡ ev‡` mgv‡Ri wewfbœ cÿ †hgb; †µZv ev †fv³v, mieivnKvix, wbR¯^ e¨emvqx m¤cÖ`vq, cÖwZ‡ekx, miKvi cÖf„wZ c‡ÿi cÖwZ †h `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Zv‡K e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ e‡j| Aek¨ Kg©x‡`i cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Abyf~wZ †_‡K wKQz KivI Giƒc `vwq‡Z¡i Aaxb| M. DÏxc‡K wg. cÖZvc e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| †Kvb e¨emvq cÖwZôvb AvBbMZfv‡e Ki‡Z eva¨ Ggb `vwqZ¡ ev‡` mgv‡Ri wewfbœ cÿ †hgb; †µZv ev †fv³v, mieivnKvix, wbR¯^ e¨emvqx m¤cÖ`vq, cÖwZ‡ekx, miKvi cÖf„wZ c‡ÿi cÖwZ †h `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Zv‡K e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ e‡j| Aek¨ Kg©x‡`i cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Abyf~wZ †_‡K wKQz KivI Giƒc `vwq‡Z¡i Aaxb| DÏxc‡Ki wg. cÖZvc †Nvl mr e¨emvqx Ges †m `y‡a †Kvb iKg †fRvj bv wgwk‡q wewµ K‡i| †fRvj †gkv‡j wkï‡`i AcywóRwbZ mgm¨v †`Lv †`‡e e‡j g‡b K‡ib| wg. cÖZvc †Nv‡li GB mZZvi welqwU e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ c‡o| N. gvby‡li ixwZ wek¦vm I AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi †KvbwU fv‡jv †KvbwU g›` Zv wb‡q †h kv¯¿ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K bxwZkv¯¿ e‡j| e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î GBkv¯¿ Abyhvqx fv‡jv‡K MÖnY I g›`‡K eR©b K‡i PjvB n‡jv e¨emvq •bwZKZv| e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î •ea Dcv‡q e¨emvq Pvjv‡bv, mKj †ÿ‡Î mZZv eRvq ivLv I wbf©iZvi ¸Y AR©b Kiv, cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡i wewfbœ c‡ÿi h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv, Ab¨w`‡K cÖZviYv, kVZv I †avKvevwRi Avkªq MÖnY bv Kiv, ÿwZKi I †eAvBwb cY¨ Drcv`b ev weµq bv Kiv e¨emvwqK •bwZKZvi AšÍf©y³| DÏxc‡Ki wg. cÖZvc †Nvl `wi`ª Ges mr `y» e¨emvwq| †m kn‡ii wewfbœ evwo‡Z evwo‡Z `ya wkï Lv`¨ wnmv‡e †Kvb iKg †fRvj bv wgwk‡q weµq K‡i| `y‡ai Pvwn`v †e‡o hvIqv m‡Ë¡I †m `y‡a †fRvj †gkvq bv| wkï‡`i ¯^v‡¯’¨i K_v we‡ePbv K‡i wg. cÖZvc †Nv‡li GB welqwU Zvi e¨emv‡qi •bwZKZvi AšÍf©y³| Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wg. cÖZvc †Nvl e¨emv‡qi •bwZKZvi welqwU h‡_ó ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡ib Ges Zv cvjbI K‡ib| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: MvRxcy‡ii wg. †nvmvBb we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`k n‡Z DbœZ gv‡bi Dj G‡b †mv‡qUvi •Zwi K‡ib Ges kx‡Zi †g․my‡gi Rb¨ ¸`v‡g †i‡L †`b| †`‡ki kxZvZ© gvby‡li K_v wPšÍv K‡i hZUv m¤¢e Kg jvf K‡i †mv‡qUvi evRv‡i weµq K‡ib| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. †nvmvBb ‡mv‡qUvi Drcv`‡bi ci Kx ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki wg. †nvmvBb †fv³v‡`i cÖwZ Zvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb? hyw³mn gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h cÖwµqv ev Kg© cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` AvniY Ges wewfbœ Dcv‡q I ch©v‡q Gi iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g gvby‡li e¨envi Dc‡hvMx cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv nq Zv‡K wkí e‡j| 4

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

L. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Drcv`bKvix n‡Z cY¨, †mev, gZv`k© cÖf„wZ †fv³vi wbKU eÈb I eÈbmnvqK Kvh©vewj‡K evwYR¨ e‡j| g~jZ cY¨ ev †mev Drcv`b Kivi ci †m¸‡jv †fv³vi wbKU †c․uQv‡bvi c‡_ ¯’vbMZ, KvjMZ, SzuwKMZ, A_©MZ, cÖPviMZ, ¯^ËMZ cÖfw„ Z cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb nq| evwYR¨ Gme cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i †fv³vi wbKU cY¨ ev †mev eÈb K‡i| M. wg. †nvmvBb †mv‡qUvi Drcv`‡bi ci ¸`vgRvZ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g KvjMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Drcv`bKvix †_‡K cY¨ †fvMKvixi wbKU †c․uQv‡bvi gv‡S GKUv mgqMZ cv_©K¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| GB cv_©‡K¨i d‡j Kvj ev mgqMZ evavi m„wó nq| e¨emvqxiv cY¨ msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ ¸`vgRvZKiY e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zv‡j| hv KvjMZ evav `~ixKi‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`Lv hvq †h wg. †nvmvBb c„w_exi wewfbœ †`k n‡Z DbœZ gv‡bi Dj msMÖn K‡ib hv kxZKv‡j †ekx cÖ‡qvRb| Gi Rb¨ D³ Dj †_‡K †mv‡qUvi Drcv`b K‡i Zv ¸`vgRvZ K‡i †i‡L †`q Ges kx‡Zi mgq cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Zv wewµ K‡ib| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, wg. †nvmvB‡bi Drcvw`Z GB †mv‡qUvi ¸`v‡g †i‡L †`qvi gva¨‡g KvjMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Qb| N. wg. †nvmvBb †fv³v‡`i cÖwZ Zvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ Aek¨B cvjb K‡i‡Qb| †fv³v ej‡Z †M‡j e¨emv‡qi cÖvY¯^iƒc| GB †fv³viv mgv‡Ri GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| Zv‡`i Av¯’v I mn‡hvwMZvi Ici e¨emv‡qi mdjZv we‡klfv‡e wbf©ikxj| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq wg. †nvmvBb kxZvZ© gvby‡li K_v wPšÍv K‡ib Ges hZUv m¤¢e Kg jvf K‡ib| A_©vr wZwb †fv³v‡`i Ae¯’v wPšÍv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K hZUv m¤¢e my‡hvM myweav w`‡”Qb| AZGe DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GK_v Aek¨B ejv hvq †h, wg. †nvmvBb †fv³v‡`i cÖwZ mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ Aek¨B cvjb K‡i‡Qb| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

iwb, Rwb I Acy wZb eÜz| mevB QvÎ| m‡Li e‡k covi duv‡K GKmv‡_ Mvb K‡i| gv‡S-g‡a¨ XvKvi evB‡iI Mvb Ki‡Z hvq| Avq n‡j fvM K‡i †bq| Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K e¨emvqx fve‡Q| Zv‡`i e¨emvqx eÜz wicb ej‡jv, e¨emvq Ki‡Z n‡j UvKvi `iKvi| Dcvq-DcKiY †RvMvo Ki‡Z n‡e| LvU‡Z n‡e| KLbI †`L‡e G‡Kev‡iB Avq †bB| ZeyI Zv a‡i †i‡L mvg‡bi w`‡K G¸‡Z n‡e| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wZb eÜzi e¨emvqx bv nIqvi wcQ‡b e¨emv‡qi †Kvb cÖavb •ewk‡ó¨i Afve i‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wicb e¨emvq Ki‡Z eÜz‡`i cÖ_‡gB †Kvb Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb? Gi Avek¨KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú` msMÖn I G‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wói cÖwµqv‡KB wkí e‡j| L. wk‡í Drcvw`Z mvgMÖx cÖK…Z †fvMKvixi wbKU e›Ub mswkøó KvR‡KB evwYR¨ e‡j| Drcv`bKvix Drcv`b K‡ib †fvMKvix‡`i Rb¨| ZvB GB †fvMKvix‡`i wbKU cY¨ †cuvQv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj evav †`Lv hvq Zv `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ †h mKj Kvh©µg M„nxZ nq ZvB evwYR¨| cY¨ wewbgq ev µq-weµq Ges Gi mnvqK e¨vsK exgv, cwienb, ¸`vgRvZKiY I evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi evwY‡R¨i AvIZvfz³| 5

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

M. DÏxc‡Ki wZb eÜzi e¨emvqx bv nIqvi wcQ‡b gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i Afve cÖavb KviY| e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î e¨emvqxi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K gybvdv AR©b| G D‡Ï‡k¨B †m g~jab I kÖg wewb‡qvM K‡i| †m Kg e¨q K‡i ‡ewk †c‡Z Pvq| GRb¨B †m wewfbœ SzwK I AwbðqZvi g‡a¨I c_ P‡j| GRb¨ gybvdv‡K SzuwK MÖn‡Yi cyi¯‥vi ejv nq| DÏxc‡K iwb, Rwb I Acy wZb eÜz mevB QvÎ| Zviv †jLv cov K‡i| covi duv‡K Aem‡i e‡m Zviv GK‡Î Mvb Mvq| Zviv fv‡jv Mvb Mvq Ges mgq †c‡j gv‡S-g‡a¨ Abyôvb Ki‡Z XvKvi evB‡i hvq| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i‡K GRb¨ †h A_© †`qv nq Zv Zviv fvM K‡i †bq| G ai‡bi Mv‡bi Abyôv‡b hvIqv Zv‡`i m‡Li e‡m Mvb MvIqviB m¤úªmvwiZ iƒc| evsjv‡`‡k `jQzU, evDj BZ¨vw` †h mKj e¨vÛ Uxg i‡q‡Q Zviv GUv‡KB †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Zviv wewb‡qvM Ki‡Q Ges Avq †_‡K LiP ev` w`‡q gybvdv wewb‡qvMKvixiv fvM K‡i wb‡”Q| †gvUK_v, eÜziv wb‡R‡`i‡K e¨emvqx fve‡jI †h‡nZz e¨emv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨ gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ G‡ÿ‡Î Abycw¯’Z ZvB m‡Li e‡m eÜz‡`i G KvR e¨evmq wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Z cv‡b bv| N. wicb e¨emvq Ki‡Z cÖ_‡gB eÜz‡`i A_©ms¯’vb Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q| A_©ms¯’vb ej‡Z e¨emv‡q Kx cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb n‡eZv wbiƒcb, Dchy³ Drm †_‡K Zv msMÖn, A_© msiÿY I Zv h_vh_fv‡e wewb‡qvM ev Kv‡R jvMv‡bv‡K eySvq| DÏxc‡K iwb, Rwb I Acy wZb eÜy mevB QvÎ| m‡Li e‡m covi duv‡K Zviv Mvb Mvq| fv‡jv Mvb MvIqvi myev‡` Zviv my‡hvM †c‡j nq‡Zv †Kv_vI AvMvg Pzw³ K‡i ev bv K‡i Mvb Ki‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b hv cvq Zv wZb eÜz fvM K‡i †bq| G‡ÿ‡Î Kvh©Z Zv‡`i †KvbB wewb‡qvM †bB| wKšÍy Zv‡`i e¨emvqx n‡Z n‡j A_© jvM‡e| Awdm jvM‡e| Kg©Pvix, hš¿cvwZmn bvbvb gvbexq I e¨w³MZ DcKiY †RvMvo Ki‡Z n‡e| KLbI jvf n‡e, KLbI ÿwZ n‡e| Gi me wgwj‡qB e¨emvq| wicb †mUvi cÖwZB GLv‡b Bw½Z K‡i‡Q| wicb Zvi wZb eÜzi fvebv †_‡K eyS‡Z cvi‡Q-Zv‡`i g‡a¨ e¨emvq Kivi AvMÖn m„wó n‡”Q| wewfbœ bvgKiv e¨vÛ `j †hfv‡e e¨emvq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q †mfv‡e ZvivI wKQz GKUv fwel¨‡Z Ki‡Z Pvq| wKšÍy G Kv‡R bvg‡Z n‡j Zv‡`i cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i †RvMvo Ki‡Z n‡e| Awdm wb‡Z, Kg©Pvix ivL‡Z, hš¿cvwZmn bvbv wKQz †RvMvo Ki‡Z, wewfbœ A¨vjevg •Zwi‡Z I cÖKvk Ki‡Z cÖPzi A_©ms¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e| GLb Zviv hv Ki‡Q Avi e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ `y¯Íi| e¨emv‡q A‡bK mgq Avq n‡e Avevi KLbI Avq †Zgb _vK‡e bv| KLbI ÿwZ †g‡b wb‡qB Pj‡Z n‡e| wKšÍy †m‡ÿ‡Î hw` Pjvi gZ A_© bv _v‡K Z‡e e¨emvq †f‡½ co‡e| eÜz‡`i ga¨Kvi wgj I †m․nv`©¨I bó n‡e| G welq¸‡jvB wicb ej‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvq, wicb Zvi e¨emv Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv we‡ePbvq eÜz‡`i‡K e¨emvq Ki‡Z PvB‡j cÖ_‡gB A_©ms¯’vb Kivi Avek¨KZv Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| eÜz‡`i fvebv †hfv‡e G¸‡”Q Zv‡Z wic‡bi G wel‡q ejv AZ¨šÍ †h․w³K| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

mygb K…l‡Ki †Q‡j| cwj we‡a․Z hgybv b`xi cv‡o Zv‡`i evwo| cÖPzi dmj djvq Zv‡`i cwievi Av‡M ¯^”Qj wQj| wKšÍy b`x fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y weMZ wZb eQ‡i mewKQzB b`xM‡f© wejxb n‡q‡Q| ZvB mygb e¨emvq Ki‡e fve‡jI cyuwRi ms¯’vb Ki‡Z bv cvivq GLb B‡Ui fvUvq KvR K‡i| K. cwi‡ek Kx? 1 L. mvgvwRK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mygb‡`i cwievi ¯^”Qj _vKvi wcQ‡b †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki Ae`vb †ewk wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mygb e¨emvq Ki‡Z bv cvivi wcQ‡b †Kvb cwi‡ek `vqx? mygb‡`i Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

DËi: K. †h cvwicvwk¦©KZvi g‡a¨ gvbyl Zvi RxebaviY K‡i Zv‡KB Zvi cwi‡ek e‡j| L. †Kv‡bv mgv‡Ri ev RvwZi gvby‡mi msL¨v, Zv‡`i ag©, a¨vb-aviYv, ixwZ-bxwZ, wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZi ga¨w`‡q †h cwi‡e‡ki Rb¥jvf N‡U Zv‡K mvgvwRK cwi‡ek e‡j| gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe| mgvRe× n‡q PjvB Zvi cÖK…wZ| GB Pj‡Z †h‡q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ a¨vb-aviYv, wek¦vm, HwZn¨, wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZi GKUv fveaviv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| hv †mB mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡`i RxebhvÎv, e¨emv-evwYR¨mn mKj †ÿ‡ÎB cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| M. mygb‡`i cwievi ¯^”Qj _vKvi wcQ‡b cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Ae`vb †ewk wQj| †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Rjevqy, f~-cÖK…wZ, g„wËKv, mvMi, b`-b`x, AvqZb, Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw` cÖK…wZcÖ`Ë Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q †h cwi‡ek M‡o I‡V Zv‡K cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, mygb K…l‡Ki †Q‡j| cwjwe‡a․Z hgybv b`xi cv‡o Zv‡`i evwo| Zv‡`i cÖP…i dmj n‡Zv| KviY G †`‡ki Rjevqy A_©vr DËvc, e„wócvZ BZ¨vw` me mgqB AbK~j nIqvq Zv mygb‡`i Rb¨ memgqB Avwke©v` wQj| ZvB Zviv m”Qj wQj| wKšÍy b`x fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i De©i Rwg b`x‡Z wewjb n‡q †M‡Q| Zv‡`i ¯^”Qj _vKv Ges b`x fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y Amnvq n‡q hvIqvi mKB cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki dj| ZvB ms‡ÿ‡c ejv hvq, mgb‡`i cwiev‡i cÖPyi dmj Rb¥v‡bvi Kvi‡Y †h ¯^”QjZv wQj Zv‡Z cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Ae`vbB †ewk wQj| N. mygb e¨emvq Ki‡Z bv cvivi wcQ‡b A_©‣bwZK cwi‡ek gyjZ `vqx| GKUv †`‡ki A_©bxwZi wewfbœ wbqvgK kw³; †hgb- mÂq, g~jab, wewb‡qvM, gvbe m¤ú`, A_© I FY e¨e¯’v, wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw` mgš^‡q †h cwi‡e‡ki Rb¥ nq Zv‡K A_©‣bwZK cwie‡k e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki mygb K…l‡Ki †Q‡j| K…wl dmj fv‡jv n‡Zv weavq Zviv †ek ¯^”Qj wQj| wKšÍy weMZ wZb eQ‡i mewKQz&B b`xM‡f© wejxb nIqvq Zv‡`i cwievi gvivZ¥K Avw_©K msK‡Ui m¤§yLxb nq| ZvB mygb †f‡ewQje¨emvq Ki‡e| wKšÍy cyuwRi ms¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY mygb‡`i cwievi gvivZ¥K Avw_©K msK‡U wbcwZZ nIqvq wbR¯^ A_©vqb m¤¢e nqwb| †`‡ki A_© I FY e¨e¯’v, Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi mnvqZv BZ¨vw`I Zvi A_©ms¯’v‡b †Kv‡bv mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| A_P cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y wech©¯Í cwievi hv‡Z m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ †eu‡P _vK‡K cv‡i †mRb¨ miKvwi Avw_©K mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| e¨emvq Kivi Rb¨ †h mvgvb¨ cuywRi `iKvi Zvi e¨e¯’vI †`‡ki A_©e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †Kv‡bv Avw_©K cÖwZôvbI FY w`‡Z GwM‡q Av‡mwb| ZvB Avw_©K †Kv‡bv mn‡hvwMZvi Afv‡eB †m GLb BUvfvUvi kÖwgK| †gvUK_v mygb e¨emvq K‡i m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ †eu‡P _vKvi †h wPšÍv K‡iwQj Zv ev¯Í‡e Kvh©Ki bv nIqvi wPc‡Q A_©‣bwZK cwi‡e‡ki `vq me‡P‡q †ewk|

7

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

cÖ_g Aa¨vq: e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wg. gvgyb PvKwi †k‡l †ek wKQz UvKv †c‡q‡Qb| GB UvKvi hv‡Z ÿwZ bv nq G wel‡q wZwb mZK©| Avevi G †_‡K wKQz Av‡qiI cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib| e¨vs‡K UvKv ivL‡j jvf Kg| ZvB wZwb Zvi cwiwPZRb, mr I fv‡jv e¨emvqx bvwRg mv‡ne‡K UvKvUv w`‡jb| ej‡jb jvf Kg †`b AvcwË †bB| Z‡e ÿwZi fvM wZwb †b‡eb bv| bvwRg mv‡ne e¨emvqUv evov‡eb weavq ZviI UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| GLb wg. gvgyb fvjB jvf cv‡”Qb| Avevi bvwRg mv‡n‡ei G‡Z myweav n‡q‡Q| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. †Kvb •ewk‡ó¨i Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y wg. gvgyb‡K e¨emvqx ejv hv‡e bv- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. bvwRg mv‡ne wg. gvgy‡bi cÖ¯Ív‡e ivRx n‡q e¨emv‡qi †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b K‡i‡Qb? Zvi Kv‡Ri h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki|4 2| Aby, AkÖæ I wbie wZb eÜz GK mv‡_ †`vKvb w`‡q‡Q| †`kx cY¨ †eP‡j jvf Kg ZvB Zviv A‣ea c‡_ Avmv we‡`wk gvjvgvj weµq K‡i| gv‡S-g‡a¨ Sv‡gjvq c‡o| e`bvg n‡”Q †f‡e wbie Zv‡`i mv‡_ _vK‡e bv wm×všÍ wb‡jv| †m GKvB GKUv gyw`i †`vKvb w`j| †jb‡`b cÖwZw`b hv nq G‡Z Zvi h‡_ó jvf _v‡K| gvjvgvj msMÖn Ki‡Z Zvi h‡_ó mgq hvq| ZeyI †m wb‡RB gvj msMÖn K‡i| †m fv‡e G‡ÿ‡Î fyj n‡j cieZ©x‡Z jvf Kiv KóKi| K. e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î cwienb †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?

1 L. wkí ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wZb eÜzi Kv‡R e¨emv‡qi †Kvb •ewkó¨wUi Afve wQj- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wbi‡ei fvebvi KvRwU cÖK…Zc‡ÿB e¨emv‡qi cÖ_g I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR- Dw³i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wg. gywnZ XvKvi ev`vgZjxi e‡ov dj e¨emvqx| Av‡cj I Av½yi mviv eQi we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vwb K‡ib| gImy‡g ivRkvnxi wewfbœ wewfbœ AvgevMvb †_‡K Avg msMÖn K‡ib| Gici Avg¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ mvB‡R fvM K‡i Zv Szwo‡Z f‡i Uªv‡K K‡i XvKvq wb‡q Av‡mb| wewfbœ dj msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Zv‡K c„_K c„_K e¨e¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z LyPiv dj e¨emvqxiv Zvi wbKU †_‡K dj wKb‡Z ¯^v”Q›` †eva K‡i| K. cY¨`ªe¨ eÈb Kiv e¨emv‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi KvR? 1 L. e¨emv‡q †jb‡`‡bi †c․btcywbKZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. gywnZ Szwo‡Z Avg fivi c~‡e© e¨emv‡qi †Kvb KvR K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. gywn‡Zi M‡o †Zvjv my›`i e¨e¯’v e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq- Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| wg. ZvjyK`vi e‡ov e¨emvqx| mvivRxeb jvf n‡j Lykx n‡q‡Qb| ÿwZ n‡j `ytL †c‡q‡Qb| Gi ga¨ w`‡qB G‡Ki ci GK e¨emvq M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| GLb Zvi g‡b nq ¯^v_©c‡ii gZB Zvi RxebUv †K‡U‡Q| eÜz mvgv` mv‡ne ej‡jb, gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb mvg‡b †i‡LB Zzwg e¨emvq M‡o Zz‡j‡Qv| MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© M‡o‡Qv| Zv‡`i myweav-Amyweav †`‡L‡Qv| hw`I Zzwg meB e¨emv‡qi ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq K‡i‡Qv, ZviciI Gi Øviv A‡b‡K DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| K. cY¨ wewbgq Kx? 1 L. evwY‡R¨ SzuwKMZ cÖwZeÜKZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ZvjyK`vi cÖavbZ †Kvb D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L e¨emvq K‡i‡Qb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvgv` mv‡ne Zvi e³‡e¨ e¨emv‡qi †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨i cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb? Zvi e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 8

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

5| eveyj B›UviwgwW‡qU cvm K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q `vuov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Q| wb‡R‡`i GKUv Abvev`x cyKzi ms¯‥vi K‡i gv‡Qi †iby †Q‡o‡Q| cv‡ki †QvÆ RvqMv‡Z wKQz Pviv w`‡q‡Q| •`wbK hv‡Z wKQz wbqwgZ Avq Av‡m GRb¨ GbwRI †_‡K FY wb‡q GKUv gyiMxi Lvgvi K‡i‡Q| `yÕRb Kg©PvixI wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Q| cÖwZw`b †m A‡bK wWg weµq K‡i| wKš‘ nVvr †iv‡M A‡bK gyiMx gviv hvIqvq †m kswKZ| cïcvjb Kg©KZ©v Zv‡K cÖwkÿY †bqvi Rb¨ e‡j‡Qb| K. e¨emv‡qi A_©MZ evav wK‡mi gva¨‡g `~ixf~Z nq?

1 L. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. eveyj †Kvb ai‡bi wkí M‡o Zz‡j‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evey‡ji ksKvi mv‡_ e¨emv‡qi †Kvb •ewk‡ó¨i mvgÄm¨ i‡q‡Q we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| gÄy I dinv` `yÕRb eÜz| B›UviwgwW‡qU cvm K‡i `yÕRbB e¨emvq †b‡g‡Q| gÄy M‡Ä I‡qwìs †gwk‡bi †`vKvb w`‡q‡Q| wg¯¿x †i‡L‡Q| †µZv‡`i digv‡qk Abyhvqx Rvbvjvi wMÖjmn bvbvb wKQz evbvq| Ab¨w`‡K dinv` gyw`i †`vKvb w`‡q‡Q| bvbvb Drm †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi gvj wK‡b G‡b MÖv‡gi evRv‡i weµq K‡i| cÖwZw`b cY¨ msMÖn Avi wewfbœ ai‡bi MÖvn‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`‡b Zvi e¨¯ÍZv A‡bK †ewk| K. exgv e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?

1 L. e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gÄy M‡Ä †h I‡qwìs †gwkb ewm‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi wk‡íi g‡a¨ c‡o e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. dinv‡`i e¨emv‡qi KvR gÄy A‡cÿv KóKi- Zzwg Kx G gZ mg_©b Ki? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 7| gby wgqv MÄ †_‡K cÖwZw`b 1/2 e¯Ív Pvj wK‡b G‡b evRv‡i weµq K‡i| †m M‡Äi †h †`vKvb †_‡K Pvj †K‡b †mUv A‡bK eo e¨emvq| Zviv wewfbœ PvjKj gvwjK‡`i wbKU †_‡K Pvj wK‡b G‡b eo N‡i Zv gyR` K‡i iv‡L| e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_I Zv‡`i Kvievi| gbywgqv fv‡e Zviv GZ wKQz Kivi Rb¨B Zvi c‡ÿ mn‡R Pvj wK‡b G‡b MÖvnK‡`i Kv‡Q weµq m¤¢e n‡”Q| K. cÖZ¨ÿ †mev Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi Drcv`bKvix kvLv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gby wgqvi cÖwZw`‡bi KvR‡K e¨emv‡qi cwifvlvq Kx e‡j e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eo e¨emvqxiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv bv ivL‡j gby wgqvi gZ e¨emvqx‡`i c‡ÿ e¨emvq KóKi wQj- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 8| ¯^cb Zvi eo‡jvK eÜzi Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvq Avmevec‡Îi †`vKvb w`‡q e¨emvq K‡i Avm‡Q| `yÕRb wgw¯¿ KvR K‡i| wKQz evwb‡q †`vKv‡b iv‡L I weµq K‡i| Avevi digv‡qk AbyhvqxI AvmevecÎ evwb‡q †`q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ mybvg AR©b Kivq kn‡i e¨emvqxivI Avmevec‡Îi digv‡qk AbyhvqxI AvmevecÎ evwb‡q †`q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ mybvg AR©b Kivq kn‡ii e¨emvqxivI Avmevec‡Îi digv‡qk w`‡”Q| ZvB e¨emvq evov‡Z Av‡iv A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq Gevi eÜzi mv‡_ mg‡SvZv K‡i GKmv‡_ e¨emv‡qi wm×všÍ wbj| eÜzI G‡Z ivwR| GLb eÜzI †`vKv‡b e‡m, civgk© †`q| G‡Z Zv‡`i e¨emvq fvjB Pj‡Q| K. cY¨ Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi eÈbKvix kvLv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. ¯^cb cÖ_‡g †h e¨emvq Ki‡Zv gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ¯^c‡bi cieZ©x‡Z M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 9| wkcb, iƒcb I Abyb wZb eÜz wg‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKUv †QvU Mv‡g©›Um wkí M‡o Zzj‡jv| wZbR‡bi `viæb wgj| wg‡j-wg‡k ivZw`b KvR K‡i| d‡j e¨emvq GwM‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zviv †`L‡Q A‡b‡KB Zv‡`i mv‡_ 9

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

†jb‡`‡b ¯^”Q›`‡eva K‡i bv| e¨emv evo‡Q| wKš‘ Gi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L e¨vsK FY w`‡Z GwM‡q Avm‡Q bv| ZvB Zviv mxwgZ MwÛ‡Z †_‡KB kw³kvjx AvBbMZ mËvm¤^wjZ cÖwZôvb Movi wm×všÍ wb‡jv| K. e¨emv‡qi Drcv`bKvix kvLv‡K Kx e‡j?

1 L.evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡Mi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N.eÜz‡`i bZzb e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z PvIqvi wm×v‡šÍi †h․w³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 10| mygb K…l‡Ki †Q‡j| cwj we‡a․Z hgybv b`xi cv‡o Zv‡`i evwo| cÖPzi dmj djvq Zv‡`i cwievi Av‡M ¯^”Qj wQj| wKš‘ b`x fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y weMZ wZb eQ‡i mewKQzB b`xM‡f© wejxb n‡q‡Q| ZvB mygb e¨emvq Ki‡e fve‡jI cyuwRi ms¯’vb Ki‡Z bv cvivq GLb B‡Ui fvUvq KvR K‡i| K. cwi‡ek Kx? 1 L. mvgvwRK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mygb‡`i cwievi ¯^”Qj _vKvi wcQ‡b †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki Ae`vb †ewk wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mygb e¨emvq Ki‡Z bv cvivi wcQ‡b †Kvb cwi‡ek `vq? mygb‡`i Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 11| wg. mygb nvexe we‡`k †_‡K wd‡i e¨emvq Ki‡e fve‡jv| cÖ_‡g fve‡jv Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© wm‡÷‡gi Ici wKQz GKUv Ki‡e| wKš‘ `ÿ Rbkw³, evRvi, g~jab BZ¨vw` wel‡q AwbðqZv †f‡e cieZ©x‡Z †`‡ki gvby‡li BwZnvm I HwZ‡n¨i mv‡_ wgwj‡q †Kv‡bv GKUv e¨emvq `vuo Kiv‡bvi wPšÍv Ki‡jv| †m GKUv d¨vkb nvDR M‡o Zzj‡jv| †hLv‡b cyi‡bv HwZ‡n¨i mv‡_ bZzb wPšÍvi mgš^q NwU‡q wbZ¨-bZzb wWRvB‡bi †cvlvK evRv‡i wb‡q Avm‡jv| mevB Zvi G Kv‡Ri mgv`i Ki‡Q| K. cwi‡ek Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi •bwZKZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. mygb †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki †bwZevPK cÖfve wPšÍv fvebv †_‡K wcwQ‡q G‡m‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. myg‡bi cieZ©x wPšÍvq †h cwi‡ek cÖfve †i‡L‡Q Zv h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 12| iwdK wewfbœ †g․mygx c‡Y¨i e¨emvq K‡i| av‡bi mgq avb wK‡b gRyZ K‡i iv‡L| c‡i wewµ K‡i| Gfv‡e iwek‡l¨i mgq iwekl¨, cv‡Ui mgq cvU| eb¨v, el©v, Liv, BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y Drcv`b n«vm-e„w× we‡ePbvq wb‡q †m GZw`b e¨emvq K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e B`vwbs K…wlc‡Y¨i evRvi wb‡q eoB mgm¨v| Pvwn`v, †hvMvb BZ¨vw`i MwZwewa ey‡S IVv gykwKj| e¨vsK¸‡jvI K…wlc‡Y¨i e¨emvqx‡`i FY w`‡”Q bv| ZvB iwd‡Ki LyeB mgm¨v| wZwb Ab¨ wKQz fve‡Qb| K. wkÿv I ms¯‥…wZ †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb?

1 L. e¨emvq cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. iwd‡Ki e¨emv‡q cÖ_gZ †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve †ewk wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. B`vwbs iwd‡Ki e¨emv‡q †bwZevPK cÖfv‡ei wcQ‡b †Kvb cwi‡ek cÖfve ivL‡Q? Zvi bZzb fvebvi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 13| wg. Avjx Mixe n‡jI mgvR wn‣Zlx gvbyl| evRv‡i Zvi gyw`i †`vKvb Av‡Q| wZwb †`‡Lb †h, eo eo †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv wewfbœ `y‡h©v‡M cÖavbgš¿xi Îvb Znwe‡j A‡bK A_© Rgv †`q| djvI K‡i Zv wgwWqv‡Z cÖPvi nq| Zviv ¯‥zj K‡i, K‡jR K‡i mevi evnev Kzovq| wg. Avjx MÖvnK‡`i VKvb bv| Ab¨vq jvf Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb| gv‡c Kg †`b bv| wg_¨v e‡jb bv| GUv‡KB wZwb mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb g‡b K‡i wb‡q‡Qb? K. g~j¨‡eva Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 10

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

M. DÏxc‡Ki eo eo †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv Kv‡`i cÖwZ mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Avjx †h welq‡K mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb g‡b Ki‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 14| †iRv jÛ‡b bZzb wM‡q‡Q| †mLvbKvi U‡g‡Uv Pvl †`‡L †m AevK| weivU GjvKv wN‡i eo eo ¯^”Q Kvu‡Pi ev †gvUv cøvw÷‡Ki †mW evwb‡q Zvi g‡a¨ U‡g‡Uv Pvl n‡”Q| ZvcgvÎv †mLv‡b Kg _v‡K ZvB G N‡ii g‡a¨ ZvcgvÎv evov‡bvi e¨e¯’v| †m fv‡e LiP †ewk n‡j mgm¨v Kx? †mLvbKvi †µZv‡`i mvg_©¨ i‡q‡Q ZvB `vg †ewk n‡jI Zv‡`i wKb‡Z mgm¨v †bB| K. GKUv †`‡ki Ae¯’vb †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb?

1 L. e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki U‡g‡Uv Pv‡li wcQ‡b †Kvb cwi‡ek f~wgKv †i‡L e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. G ai‡bi U‡g‡Uv Pvl m¤¢e nIqvi wcQ‡b †iRv †mLvbKvi †Kvb cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b Ki‡Q we‡kølY Ki| 4 15| we‡`k åg‡Y wM‡q‡Q dvwng| †Uªb `ycyi 12 Uvq| MZiv‡Z GK †`vKv‡b GKUv wRwbm cQ›` n‡qwQj wKš‘ †Kbv nqwb| ZvB 10Uvq †`vKvb †Lvjvi A‡MB †m †h‡q nvwRi| wKš‘ †`vKvwb †`vKvb Ly‡j bvbvb ai‡bi AvPvi cvjb Ki‡Q|†`wi nIqv‡Z †m wei³| †m fv‡e wb‡Ri wKQz wKQz †`vKv‡bi AwfÁZv wfbœ| mZ¨ K_v Kg e‡j| bvbvb Kvq`vq †µZv VKv‡Z †Póv K‡i| Zvi wPšÍv GB †`vKvbxiv G¸‡jv ev` w`‡q hw` mgq wb‡q AvPvi cvjb Ki‡Zv Z‡e ZvB fv‡jv wQj| K. mÂq I wewb‡qvM †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb?

1 L. e¨emv‡qi AvBbMZ cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki we‡`wk e¨emvqxi AvPvi cvjb Zv‡`i Kx‡mi Ask e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. dvwng †`‡ki e¨emvqx‡`i g‡a¨ Kx‡mi Afve jÿ¨ Ki‡Qb? Zvi wPšÍvi †h․w³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 16| wgt Aqb wmZvivgcyi MÖv‡g GKRb mybvgavix wcqvR e¨qemvqx| Drcv`b †g․my‡g cÖPzi wcqvR µq K‡i †Kvì †÷v‡iR G msiÿY K‡ib | fvj g~j¨ cvIqvi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ mg‡q Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK Zvi cY¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j mieivn K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| Z‡e †m cY¨ mieivn Ki‡Z A‡_©i mgm¨vq c‡o| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. evwbR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wgt Aq‡bi KvRwU e¨emv‡qi †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ? e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. Pvwn`v Abymv‡i wcqvR mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z A‡_©i mgm¨v Aqb Kx fv‡e `~i Ki‡Z cv‡i? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 17| wg. Rvwid MvRxcy‡i GKwU †cvwëª dvg© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| dv‡g© Drcvw`Z wWgI gyiwM wZwb f¨v‡b K‡i XvKvi KviIqvb evRv‡i wewµ K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| wg. Rvwid wb‡Ri Znwej Ges AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi wbKU n‡Z A_© msMÖn K‡i e¨emv‡q wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| gv‡S g‡a¨ wZwb cY¨ mieiv‡n ¯’vbMZ mgm¨vq c‡o G wb‡q †ek wPwšÍZ| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. ‡Kb cybtißvwb Kiv nq ?

2 M. wg. Rvwi‡di e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg.Rvwi‡di e¨emvq cY¨ mieiv‡ni mgm¨vwU `ix~Ki‡bi Dcvq Kx ? Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 18| gvbyl cwi‡e‡ki `vk| gvby‡li A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ cwi‡e‡ki Øviv wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K| bqb K…l‡Ki †Q‡j| cwj we‡a․Z cÙv b`xi cv‡o Zv‡`i evwo| cÖPzi dmj djvq Zv‡`i cwievi A‡bK ¯^”Qj wQj| wKš‘ b`x 11

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y weMZ wZb eQ‡i mewKQzB b`xM‡f© wejxb n‡q‡Q| ZvB bqb e¨emvq Ki‡e fve‡jI cyuwR bv _vKvq B‡Ui fvUvq KvR K‡i| K. cwi‡ek Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. bqb B‡Ui fvUvq kªwg‡K cwiYZ nIqvi wcQ‡bi KviY Kx ?e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. gvbyl cwie‡ki `vk Zzwg Kx GKgZ? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 19| dvwngv cjvkcyi MÖv‡gi evwm›`v| wZwb Gg G cvk K‡i e‡m bv †_‡K eywUK, evwUK I †mjvB Gi Dci cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb| cÖwkÿY †k‡l evev I eo fvB‡qi KvQ †_‡K 60,000 UvKv, wb‡Ri mwÂZ 7000 UvKv wb‡q wbR evwo‡Z GKwU eywUK e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| Zvi cÖwZôv‡b `yRb Kg©Pvix Av‡Q| eywUK nvDR †_‡K G eQi 10,000 UvKv gybvdv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| dvwngv eZ©gv‡b XvKvi ebvbx‡Z eywUK nvD‡Ri bZzb kvLv ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 1 L. cY¨ wewbgq ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. dvwngvi XvKvi ebvbx‡Z kvLv Lyj‡Z †Kvb AvBbMZ `wjj msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e wKbv| gZvgZ `vI| 4 20| we¯ÍxY© GjvKvq †MvPviY f~wg _vKvq wmivRMÄ †Rjvi MÖvg A‡j A‡bK evwo‡Z †QvU †QvU `y» Lvgvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| wg. cÖZvc †Nvl GKRb `wi`ª A_P mr `ya we‡µZv| G Kvi‡Y mevB Zv‡K m¤§vb K‡i| wZwb wmivRM‡Äi MÖvg AÂj †_‡K `ya µq K‡i kn‡i evwo evwo †mB `ya wkï Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e weµq K‡ib| `y‡ai Pvwn`v †e‡o †M‡jI wZwb `y‡a †fRvj †gkvb bv| wZwb fv‡eb †fRvj wgwkªZ `ya cvb Ki‡j wkïiv Acywó‡Z fyM‡e| (SESDP) K. •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. e¨emvwqK g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wg. cÖZvc e¨emv‡qi †Kvb `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨emvwqK Kg©Kv‡Û •bwZKZvi gvb`‡Û g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq Kx? gZvgZ `vI| 4 21| MvRxcy‡ii wg. †nvmvBb we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`k n‡Z DbœZ gv‡bi Dj G‡b †mv‡qUvi •Zwi K‡ib Ges kx‡Zi †g․my‡gi Rb¨ ¸`v‡g †i‡L †`b| †`‡ki kxZvZ© gvby‡li K_v wPšÍv K‡i hZUv m¤¢e Kg jvf K‡i †mv‡qUvi evRv‡i weµq K‡ib| (SESDP) K. Af¨šÍixb evwbR¨ Kx? 1 L. e¨emvq cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. †nvmvBb ¸`vgRvZ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g Kx ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki wg. †nvmvBb †fv³v‡`i cÖwZ Zvi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb? hyw³mn gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 22| Rbve †mv‡nj Kvcvwmqvq GKwU †cvwëª dvg© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| dv‡g© Drcvw`Z gyiMx I wWg XvKvi evRv‡i mieivn K‡i cÖPzi gybvdv jvf K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Znwej wb‡RB msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| cÖwZôvbwU m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb BwZg‡a¨ 10 Rb †jvK wb‡qv‡Mi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Qb| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. wkí ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. Rbve †mv‡n‡ji e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve †mv‡n‡ji †cvwëª e¨emv‡qi Rbkw³ e¨env‡ii Zvrch©wU Zzwg †Kvb `„wó‡Z †`LQ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 12

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

23| we.Kg cvm Kivi ci MÖv‡g wbR¯^ Rwg‡Z avb Pvl Kivi gva¨‡g cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq cvwievwiK Avq-DcvR©b Ki‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jI cieZ©x‡Z 2wU cyKz‡i grm¨ Pvl Avi¤¢ K‡i Kv‡kg| G‡Z Zvi Avq e„w× cvq| MÖv‡gi Aí wkwÿZ †eKvi hyeK‡`i mvgvb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvui Lvgv‡i Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| `ªæZ e¨emvq m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e Kv‡kg‡K AbymiY K‡i MÖv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ hyeKivI GwM‡q Av‡m| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡q wkóvPvi †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Kv‡k‡gi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ e¨emv‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡Ri mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. MÖv‡gi hyeKiv Kv‡kg‡K AbymiY Kivi †h․w³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 24| wUKvUzwj †P․iv¯Ívi †gv‡o nviæ‡bi GKwU †eKvwii †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| D³ GjvKvq Avi †Kv‡bv †`vKvb bv _vKvq ¯’vbxq †fv³vMY nviæ‡bi †`vKvb †_‡K wbqwgZ cY¨ µq K‡i| Z‡e KL‡bv KL‡bv c~‡e©i w`‡bi evwm cY¨ weµq Kivi Kvi‡Y †fv³viv Am‡šÍvl cÖKvk Ki‡jI nviæb welqwU Lye GKUv ¸iæZ¡¡ †`q bv| wKQzw`b Av‡M Tasty Bread bv‡gi GKwU †`vKvb H GjvKvq Pvjy nq| cÖwZw`b ZvRv Lvevi †fv³v‡`i nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q Lye Aí mg‡qB bZzb GB †`vKvbwU †ek myL¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| Gw`‡K nviæ‡bi wewµi cwigvY w`b w`bB Kg‡Z _vKvq †m wKQzUv wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o‡Q| K. e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ Kx? 1 L. gvby‡li mKj KvR Kx e¨emvq ejv nq?

2 M. Tasty Bread Gi Kvh©µ‡g e¨emvwqK •bwZKZv cÖwZdwjZ n‡”Q Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ nviæ‡bi KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn eywS‡q `vI| 4 25| wngvwqZ mvgyw`ªK gvQ e¨emvqx †gvt AvZvnvi wbqwgZ K·evRvi †_‡K gvQ msMÖn K‡i m¤ú~Y© wbR¯^ KviLvbvq cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i XvKvi wewfbœ mycvi k‡c mieivn K‡i _v‡K| we‡`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki wngvwqZ wPswoi †ek Pvwn`v _vKvq m¤cÖwZ AvZvnvi mv‡ne wPswo ißvwbiI wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| G j‡ÿ¨ wZwb Zvi GK eÜzi mv‡_ †h․_fv‡e PÆMÖv‡g Avi GKwU cÖwµqvRvZ KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib| K. e¨emvq cwi‡ek Kv‡K e‡j?

1 L. e¨emvq •bwZKZv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. e¨emvq cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb Dcv`vb Øviv AvZvnvi mv‡n‡ei e¨emvqwU me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfvweZ n‡”Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. we‡`‡k evRvi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ M„nxZ wm×všÍwU wK †h․w³K? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 26| nvwbd `xN©w`b GKwU Pv‡ji Avo‡Z KvP KiwQj| cieZ©x‡Z mÂqK…Z A_© w`‡q †m wb‡RB Pv‡ji e¨emvq Avi¤¢ Kij| Kv‡R mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ †QvU fvB nvwme‡K m‡½ †bq| g~jZt †m w`bvRcy‡ii Drcv`bKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K mivmwi AZ¨šÍ gvbm¤úbœ Pvj µq K‡i wb‡q G‡m c¨v‡KU K‡i XvKvi wgicy‡i wewµ K‡i| d‡j evRv‡i `ªæZ Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K Ges †ek wKQz msL¨K MÖvnK Av‡M †_‡KB digv‡qk w`‡q _v‡K| nvwbd G ch©v‡q †nvg †Wwjfvwi †`qvi cwiKíbv K‡i| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. e¨emvq Kvh© m¤úv`‡b SzuwKMZ evav wKfv‡e `~i Kiv hvq?

2 M. nvwbd e¨emv‡qi AvIZvi †Kvb ch©v‡q Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q? 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki PvKzwi †Q‡o e¨emvq Kivi wm×všÍwU nvwb‡di Rb¨ mwVK wQj? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 27| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K msM„nxZ HwZn¨evnx wgwó wewµ K‡i XvKvi evRv‡i B‡Zvg‡a¨ mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Q ÒcÖwm× evsjv‡`kÓ| cÖwZôvbwUi ¯^Zv¡ waKvix ivwnb mivmwi Drcv`bKvix‡`i wbKU †_‡K wgwó msMÖn K‡i m¤úyY© wbR¯^ e¨e¯’vcbvq XvKvi wewfbœ †µZv‡`i wbKU mieivn K‡i| d‡j LvuwU gv‡bi wgwó †hgb- Kzwgjøvi im 13

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emv‡qi cÖK…wZ I AvIZv

gvjvB, e¸ovi `B, bv‡Uv‡ii KvuPv‡Mvjøv, PvucvBbeveM‡Äi imK`g, Uv½vB‡ji PgPg cÖf„wZi Rb¨ evRv‡i e¨vcK Pvwn`v m„wó n‡q‡Q| e„w× †c‡q‡Q wg. ivwn‡bi Kv‡Ri cwiwa| ZvB c‡Y¨i wbqwgZ mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z wZwb B‡Zvg‡a¨ AvÂwjK cÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. cÖv_wgK wkí ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. e¨emvq cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb Dcv`vb Øviv ÒcÖwm× evsjv‡`kÓ- Gi Kvh©µg cÖfvweZ n‡”Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AvÂwjK cÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wg. ivwnb Kx ai‡bi e¨emvwqK myweav cv‡eb e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4 28| DbœZ gv‡bi cvURvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e ÒXvKv RyU nvDRÓ B‡Zvg‡a¨ †`‡ki MÖvnK‡`i Kv‡Q AZ¨šÍ MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †c‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k I RvZxq c‡Y¨i evRvi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZôvbwUi ¯^Zv¡ waKvix wZb †evb exbv, ixbv I gybv AbjvB‡bi mvnvh¨ †bq| G j‡ÿ¨ Zviv GKwU I‡qe mvBU Ly‡j Zv‡Z cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i gvb I •ewkó¨ m¤^wjZ K¨vUvjM mshy³ K‡i| cÖ_g gv‡mB B-evRvi Gi gva¨‡g cÖPzi †µZv Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡jI e¨emv‡qi mxwgZ AvqZ‡bi Kvi‡Y Zviv me AW©vi MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB Zviv e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZv wb‡q e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi wm×všÍ †bq| K. D‡`¨v³v †K? 1 L. e¨emvq msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ÒXvKv RyU nvDRÓ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ wZb †ev‡bi M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 29| Rbve Avey Avn‡g` ewikv‡ji GKRb e‡ov Avjy e¨emvqx| wZwb e¸ov AÂj n‡Z Lvgvix‡`i wbKU n‡Z Avjy msMÖn K‡i Zv †QvU eo gvSvix wewfbœ fv‡M fvM K‡i e¯Ív f‡i UªvK †hv‡M ewikv‡j wb‡q Av‡mb| Zvi N‡i eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 500 Ub Avjy i‡q‡Q| wKšÍy evRv‡i fvi‡Zi Avjy A‡cÿvK…Z m¯Ívq mieivn nIqvq wZwb ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nb| (K) cY¨ wewbgq Kx? 1 (L) e¨emv‡q †jb‡`‡bi †c․btcywbKZv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) wg. Avey Avn‡g` Avjy e¯Ív fivi c~‡e© e¨emv‡qi †Kvb KvR K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) g~j¨ n«vm RwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZi nvZ n‡Z euvPvi Rb¨ wg. Avey Avn‡g‡`i KiYxq Kx e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv| e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4 30|Rbve AvKivg Avn‡g` Av‡gwiKvi wewfbœ †`k †_‡K †Qvjv msMÖn K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j cvBKvwi nv‡i weµq K‡ib| wZwb cY¨ wVKg‡Zv msMÖn Ki‡j †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j †cu․Qv‡Z weo¤^bvi m¤§yLxb nIqvq Pvwn`vbyhvqx mgqg‡Zv mieivn w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| d‡j wZwb Avw_©K ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nb| (K) g~j¨‡eva Kx? 1 (L) e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) Rbve AvKivg Avn‡g‡`i KvRwU evwY‡R¨i †Kvb kvLvi AšÍM©Z? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) Rbve AvKivg Avn‡g‡`i Avw_©K ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvevi R‡b¨ †Kvb c`‡ÿc MÖnY djcÖm~ n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? gZvgZ `vI| 4

14

2q Aa¨vq

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Sole Proprietorship Business

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: †mv‡nj we‡`k †_‡K wd‡i G‡m 10 jvL UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i XvKvi mvfv‡i GKwU †cvwëª dvg© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| dv‡g© ev”Pv Drcv`b K‡i wZwb f¨v‡b K‡i mvfvi I MvRxcy‡i weµq K‡ib| AviI A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY Kivi B”Qv Av‡Q| K. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq ÒGKK gybvdv †fv‡Mi AwaKvixÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wg. †nv‡mb e¨emvq msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †mv‡n‡ji mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zv e¨emvq cwim‡i evav- †Zvgvi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. GKRb gvÎ e¨w³i gvwjKvbv I wbqš¿‡Y †h e¨emvq cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| L. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi gvwjK me©ve¯’vq GKRb gvÎ e¨w³| †h wbR `vwq‡Z¡ cyuwRi ms¯’vb K‡i e¨emvq MVb I cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges mKj SzuwK enb I gybvdv †fvM K‡i| ZvB GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq‡K GKK gybvdv †fvMx e¨emvq ejv nq| M. wg. †mv‡nj e¨emvq msMVb GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq msMVb| c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg I mnR cÖK…wZi e¨emvq msMVbB n‡jv GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| GKK gvwjKvbvq cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| †h e¨emv‡qi gvwjK GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ whwb cyuwRi †hvMvb `vZv, cwiPvjK I wbqš¿K GgbwK GKK gybvdv †fv‡Mi AwaKvix nb| DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡nj mvfv‡i GKKfv‡e wewb‡qvM K‡i †cvwëª dvg©wU ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb GKvB mg¯Í SuywK enb K‡ib Ges mg¯Í Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡ib| G mKj w`K we‡ePbvq ejv hvq †h, GwU GKwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| N. wg. †mv‡n‡ji e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î mvg‡_©i mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| GKK gvwj‡Ki mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zv I e¨emv‡qi cwimi mxwgZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Giƒc e¨emvq mvaviYZ ¯^í g~jab I mxwgZ AvqZb wewkó n‡q _v‡K| wg. †mv‡nj g~ja‡bi Afv‡e A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Aciw`‡K Zvi mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q hv Zv‡K e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î evav m„wó Ki‡Q| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi gvwj‡Ki B”Qv kw³ _vK‡jI g~ja‡bi Afv‡e e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ivRy, Aqb I gweb wZb eÜz GK‡Î mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq ïiæ Ki‡jv| Zv‡`i Av‡iK eÜz Zv‡iK wb‡R GKvB evRv‡i GKUv gyw`i †`vKvb w`j| wZb eÜz cyuwR †ewk _vKvq Zviv GK‡Î A‡bK cY¨ wK‡b Av‡b| bM`

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Qvov evwK‡ZI gvj weµq K‡i| Zv‡i‡Ki cyuwR Kg ZvB me wel‡qB †m AZ¨šÍ mZK©| 1g eQi e¨emvq fvj Pj‡jI GLb ivRy‡`i e¨emv‡q bvbvb mgm¨v, eÜzZ¡B hvq hvq Ae¯’v| wKš‘ Zv‡iK ax‡i ax‡i e¨emvwqK RM‡Z mvdj¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Q| K. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. GKK wbqš¿Y m¤¢e n‡j GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvqB DËg †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zv‡i‡Ki e¨emvq mdjZvi wcQ‡b †h me KviY we`¨gvb- Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ gybvdv AR©‡bi I eȇbi D‡Ï‡k¨ †¯^”Qvq Pzw³i gva¨‡g †h e¨emvq M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq gvwjK GK”QÎ KZ©„‡Z¡i AwaKvix Ges †Kv‡bv wel‡qB †m Ab¨ Kv‡iv mv‡_ civgk© Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K bv| e„n`vqZb e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †M‡j Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK mgq Pzw³ wel‡q RwUjZv m„wó nq GgbwK Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq w`‡Z nq| wKš‘ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q †Kv‡bv Askx`vi bv _vKvi d‡j gvwjK Pzw³ wb‡q †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq bv| GKK gvwjKvbv Qvov Ab¨vb¨ me e¨emvq AvBbMZ RwUjZv i‡q‡Q| d‡j GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi gZ Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvq GZ mn‡R wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vKiY m¤¢e nq bv| GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq †µZv, mieivnKvix, Kg©Pvix BZ¨vw` mKj c‡ÿi mv‡_ gvwjK‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ m¤úK© M‡o I‡V| d‡j gvwj‡Ki wbqš¿Y mnR nq| M. ivRy‡`i e¨emv‡qi cÖwZôv‡bi aiY n‡”Q Askx`vwi e¨emvq| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ Pzw³e× m¤ú‡K©i gva¨‡g †h e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| †h‡nZz ivRyiv GKvwaK m`m¨ wg‡j e¨emvq Ki‡Q GLv‡b ivRy, Aqb, gweb wZb eÜz GK‡Î mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq ïiæ Ki‡j| hw`I wjwLZ Pzw³ ev †g․wLK Pzw³i gva¨‡g Askx`vwi e¨emvq Ki‡Z nq| ZvQvov Zviv wZb eÜzi cyuwR †ewk _vKvq GK‡Î A‡bK cY¨ wK‡b Av‡b| bM` Qvov evwK‡ZI gvj weµq K‡i| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q Zv‡`i e¨emvq bvbvb mgm¨v †`Lv †`qvq eÜzZ¡B hvq hvq Ae¯’v| Zv‡`i wjwLZ Pzw³ wbeÜb _vKv `iKvi n‡Zv hw` wjwLZ Pzw³ I wbeÜb _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j G e¨emvq Av‡iv mdjZv AR©b Kiv †hZ| N. Zv‡iK g‡b K‡ib Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †P‡q ÿz`ªvqZb GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq DËg| Zv‡i‡Ki mdjZvi wcQ‡b wewfbœ KviY we`¨gvb _vK‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_gZ: Zv‡iK g‡b K‡ib †h, GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq †h †Kvb RvqMvq Aí cyuwR wb‡q GKvB ïiæ Kiv hvq| A‡bK D‡`¨v³v B”Qv Ki‡j G e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i Kg cyuwR wb‡q| wØZxqZ: †h‡Kvb mgq †µZvi cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`vi mv‡_ `ªæZ mvgÄm¨Zv iÿv Kiv hvq| d‡j G e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z mnR| GLv‡b Zv‡iK wb‡R ¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i e¨w³MZ `ÿZv cÖ`k©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| †m Zvi ¯^vaxb †ckv‡K ax‡i ax‡i mdjZvi w`‡K wb‡q hv‡”Q| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Zzlvi kvšÍv eyK nvD‡Ri ¯^Z¡vwaKvix, Zzlvi mv‡ne e¨emvwqK FY wb‡q cY¨ µq K‡ib Ges AwaK jv‡fi Avkvq evwK‡Z cY¨ weµq K‡ib| †`bv`v‡ii wbKU †_‡K h_vmg‡q UvKv Av`v‡q e¨_© n‡j cvIbv`vi‡KI †`bv cwi‡kv‡a e¨_© nb| d‡j e¨emv‡qi mKj `vq GKKfv‡e Zv‡K enb Ki‡Z nq| eQ‡ii †k‡l wZwb e¨w³MZ m¤úwË weµq K‡i FY I cvIbv`v‡ii †`bv cwi‡kva K‡ib| †m G Ae¯’v †_‡K cwiÎvY †c‡Z Pvq| 16

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq

K. †Kvb e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg?

L. ÔGKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi c„_K mËvnxbZvÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| M. wg. Zzlv‡ii e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wg. Zzlv‡ii G Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Rb¨ KiYxq Kx? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi: K. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg| L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi c„_K †Kv‡bv mËv †bB| gvwjK I e¨emvq GK I Awfbœ mËvi AwaKvix| GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq †Kvb AvBbm„ó cÖwZôvb bq e‡j Gi c„_K mËv _v‡K bv| c„_K mËv bv _vKvq Giƒc e¨emvq wbR bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| gvwj‡Ki cwiP‡qB e¨emvq cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| c„_K mËv bv _vKvq Pzw³ m¤úv`b, gvgjv cwiPvjbvmn wewfbœ Kv‡R gvwjK‡K e¨w³MZ AskMÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| †h‡nZz gvwjK I e¨emv‡qi mËv GKB ZvB e¨emv‡qi `v‡qi Rb¨ gvwj‡Ki mKj ¯’vei I A¯’vei m¤úwË `vqe× nq| M. wg. Zzlv‡ii e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| †h e¨emv‡qi gvwjK GKRb, whwb mKj `vq`vwqZ¡ I mKj SzuwK GKvB enb K‡i Zv‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| G e¨emvq wg. Zzlvi GKv gvwjK| †m e¨emvwqK FY wb‡q cY¨µq K‡i Ges AwaK jv‡fi Avkvq evwK‡Z cY¨ weµq K‡ib| evwK‡Z weµq Kivi Kvi‡Y Zvi cieZ©x e¨emvq Kvh©µg UvKvi Rb¨ mgm¨v m„wó n‡”Q| GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Kvi‡Y wg. Zzlvi AvBbMZ †Kvb c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cvi‡Qbv| G e¨emv‡qi mKj cyuwR †m wb‡R enb Ki‡Z n‡”Q| mKj `vq †m GKv enb Ki‡Z nq| e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Zvi Kv‡Q cvIbv UvKv cwi‡kv‡a †m e¨_© n‡”Q| G‡Z Zvi e¨emvq mgm¨v m„wó nq| Ab¨w`‡K G e¨emvq ¯^vaxbfv‡e Kiv hvq| †Kvb Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq bv| †h ‡Kvb ¯’v‡b MVb Kiv hvq| N. wg. Zzlvi G Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi e¨emvqwU Askx`vwi msMV‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ Pzw³i gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| wg. Zzlvi GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †h `vq m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv AšÍZ Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg n‡jI GLv‡b GKvwaK m`m¨ _vKvq GKgvwjKvbv A‡cÿv `vq e›U‡bi myweav cvq hv wg. Zzlvi‡K Avmbœ mgm¨v †_‡K cwiÎvY †c‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve ivwd `yBRb weµqKg©x w`‡q ÔeY©vjx wecbx weZvbÕ bv‡g GKwU e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wZwb e¨emvqwUi hveZxq `vq `vwqZ¡ wb‡RB enb K‡ib| AwMœKvÐ, g~j¨n«vm, cY¨`ªe¨ webó nIqv BZ¨vw` AwbðqZv wb‡q wZwb wPwšÍZ| ZvB wZwb G mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq wb‡q fve‡Qb| K. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K Kx e‡j?

L. Amxg `vq ej‡Z Kx eyS? M. ÔeY©vjx wecbx weZvbÕ gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb eY©bv Ki| N. Rbve ivwd Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv DËi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb Dcvq¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| DËi: K. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K ivóªxq e¨emvq e‡j| 17

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq

L. Amxg `vq ej‡Z `vq-`vwqZ¡ mxgvnxb eySvq| GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q gvwjK GKvB mKj `vq-`vwqZ¡ enb K‡i| ZvB GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q gvwj‡Ki `vq Amxg| A_©vr e¨emv‡qi `v‡qi Rb¨ gvwj‡Ki mKj ¯’vei I A¯’vei m¤úwË `vqe× nq| GgbwK GRb¨ gvwjK †`DwjqvI †NvwlZ n‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi `vq-we‡ePbv K‡iB A‡bK mgq A‡b‡Ki c‡ÿ AwaK Sz^wK MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| M. ÔeY©vjx wecbx weZvbÕ cÖwZôvbwU gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| Avgiv Rvwb gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb e¨w³ wbR `vwq‡Z¡ cyuwRi ms¯’vb K‡i †h e¨emvq MVb, cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges mKj SzuwK enb I mgy`q gybvdv GKvB †fvM K‡i Zv‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq ejv nq| DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx Rbve ivwd `yBRb weµqKg©x w`‡q e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb Ges cÖwZôvwbwUi hveZxq `vq-`vwqZ¡ GKB enb Ki‡Qb| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h D³ cÖwZôvbwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq| N. Rbve ivwd Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv DËi‡Yi Rb¨ †h Dcvq¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv n‡jvcY¨ eÈbKv‡j mswkøó e¨emvqx‡`i cY¨ webó nIqvmn bvbv ai‡bi SzuwK _v‡K| hv‡K SzuwKMZ evav e‡j| G mgm¨vwU wg. ivwd‡`i eY©vjx wecbx weZv‡b we`¨gvb| Rbve ivwd ÔeY©vjx wecbx weZvbÕ cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb gvwjK| wZwb cÖwZôvbwU cwiPvjbv K‡ib| GgbwK hveZxq `vq-`vwqZ¡ wb‡RB enb K‡ib| GgZve¯’vq cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨`ªe¨ webó nIqvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ Zv‡K exgv Kivi GKvšÍ `iKvi| Avwg g‡b Kwi, D³ cÖwZôv‡bi we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv DËi‡Yi Rb¨ exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡`i SzuwK eÈb Kiv DwPZ| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ¯^vaxb‡PZv †eKvi hyeK cÖbq 10 nvRvi UvKv avi K‡i †gvU 20 nvRvi UvKvi gvj wK‡b gyw`i †`vKvb mvwR‡q e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| ¯^í cyuwRi Kvi‡Y Zvi †`vKv‡b ch©vß gvj †bB| d‡j †m cÖvqB †µZvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y e¨_© nq| G‡Z †m fxlY wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o| GgZve¯’vq ¯’vbxq K‡qKRb †µZvi civg‡k© †m †h me cY¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv K‡i cieZ©x‡Z H me cY¨ †`vKv‡b †Zv‡j| wKQz w`‡bi g‡a¨B Zvi weµq e„w× cvq Ges ax‡i ax‡i †m cÖwZwôZ e¨emvqx n‡q I‡V| K. ÿY¯’vqx I `ªæZ cuPbkxj `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î †Kvb e¨emvq Dchy³?

1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi gvwj‡Ki Amxg `vq ej‡Z wK eySvq? 2 M. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †Kvb •ewkó¨wU DÏxc‡Ki e¨emvqx‡K cÖwZwôZ e¨emvqx n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qe¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq wbe©vPb Kivi wm×v‡šÍi †h․w³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. ÿY¯’vqx I `ªæZ cPbkxj `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Dchy³| L. G e¨emv‡q gvwj‡Ki `vq Amxg| †Kbbv e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ Zvi e¨w³MZ mKj m¤úwËI `vqe× nq, GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q †Kvb mgm¨v n‡j Zvi mgvavb gvwjK‡K wb‡R‡KB Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨ KvD‡K `vqe× Kiv nq bv| †Kvb cÖKvi SzuwK msµvšÍ `vq`vwqZ¡ wb‡R‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov †Kvb cÖKvi AvBbMZ Sv‡gjv n‡jI †m `vqe× _vK‡e| ZvB ejv hvq, GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q gvwj‡Ki `vq Amxg| 18

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq

M. cÖY‡qi cÖwZwôZ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvqwU cÖwZwôZ n‡Z wewfbœfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ †fv³vi mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿ m¤úK© me‡P‡q †ewk Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q| †QvU AvKv‡i e¨emvq cÖwZôvb e‡j gvwj‡Ki mv‡_ †µZv-‡fv³v I mieivnKvix‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ m¤úK© GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© •ewkó¨| cÖY‡qi ¯^í cyuwRi Kvi‡Y †`vKv‡b ch©vß gvj †bB| hw`I ¯^í cyuwRi gva¨‡g GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Kiv hvq| †m †hme cY¨ mvgMÖx wb‡q e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i †m me cY¨ mvgMÖx †µZvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y e¨_© nq| G‡ÿ‡Î †m †µZv‡`i civg‡k© †h me cY¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv K‡i cieZ©x‡Z Hme cY¨ †`vKv‡b †Zv‡j †m †µZv‡`i Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨ †m cÖwZwôZ e¨emvqx n‡q I‡V| N. DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq wbe©vPb Kivi wm×v‡šÍi †h․w³KZv i‡q‡Q| GKRb e¨w³i gvwjKvbvaxb e¨emvq‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| cÖYq GKRb †eKvi hyeK †m Zvi Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ wKQz UvKv avi wb‡q †m gyw`i †`vKvb mvwR‡q e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î Zvi †eKvi mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡q‡Q| ax‡i ax‡i †m wewfbœ evav `~i K‡i weµq e„w× Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| cÖYq Rv‡bb Lye mn‡R GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq MVb Kiv hvq| ZvQvov ¯^í cyuwR I AvBbvbyM AvbyôvwbKZv wenxb, ¯^í AvqZ‡bi e¨emvq Lye mn‡RB ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cviv hvq| ZvQvov cÖY‡qi g~ja‡bi cwigvY LyeB Kg| GB UvKv w`‡q gvSvwi ev e„n`vqZb e¨emvq MVb Kiv m¤¢e bq| cÖYq Zvi e¨emvqwU ¯^vaxbfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib GRb¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Revew`nxZv Ki‡Z n‡e bv| ZvB †m GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq wbe©vPb Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: iwgR ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q mewRi e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| †m ¯’vbxqfv‡e mewR msMÖn I evQvB K‡i mivmwi †fv³v‡`i wbKU mieivn K‡i| Aíw`‡bB mdjZvq AbycÖvwYZ n‡q †m e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y AvMÖnx n‡jv| e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ wg. AvKiv‡gi wbKU n‡Z cÖwZeQi GKwU wbw`©ó A_© cÖ`v‡bi k‡Z© 50,000 UvKv msMÖn Kij| K. K…wlRvZ c‡Y¨i †ÿ‡Î †Kvb e¨emvq Dc‡hvMx? 1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kxfv‡e m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb wbwðZ K‡i?

2 M. iwgR †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki e¨emvqwUi mvd‡j¨i KviY m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. K…wlRvZ c‡Y¨i †ÿ‡Î GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq me‡P‡q †ewk Dc‡hvMx| L. ÿz`ªvqZ‡bi GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq †`‡ki me©Î Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P, Awj-Mwj, MÖvg-M‡Ä e¨vcKfv‡e M‡o I‡V| A_©vr ÿz`ª D‡`¨v³vivI mvgvb¨ g~jab wb‡q mn‡RB Giƒc e¨emvq M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i e„ nr Rb‡Mvôxi Avq I m¤ú` e„w×i my‡hvM m„wó nq| d‡j e„n`vqZb e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î m¤ú` †hfv‡e KwZcq e¨w³i nv‡Z cyÄxfyZ nq, G‡ÿ‡Î Zvi †Kv‡bvB m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv| Gfv‡e GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb wbwðZ K‡i| M. iwgR GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq msMVb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| 19

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ Øviv cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| iwgR ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Avi ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q mvaviYZ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kiv hvq| e„n`vqZb e¨emvq Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B A‡bK cyuwR jvM‡e| ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i †m ¯’vbxqfv‡e mewR msMÖn I evQvB K‡i mivmwi †fv³v‡`i wbKU mieivn K‡i| Aíw`‡bB mdjZvq AbycÖvwYZ n‡q †m e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y AvMÖnx n‡jv| GgbwK e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ A‡b¨i wbKU n‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó A_© cÖ`v‡bi k‡Z© wKQz UvKv msMÖn Kij| ZvQvov GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq wb‡RB cwiPvjbv K‡i GKKfv‡e gybvdv †fvM Kiv hvq| Ab¨ e¨emv‡qi gZ Zv KvD‡K eȇbi cÖkœ Av‡m bv| d‡j iwgR Gi mKj Kv‡R AwaK Drmvn cÖ`k©b K‡i| N. DÏxc‡Ki GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvqwU mdjZvi A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| wb‡gœ mdjZvi KviY m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv nj: GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq MV‡b †Kvb AvBbMZ AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq bv| GKK gvwjK B‡”Q Ki‡jB mn‡RB Giƒc e¨emvq MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i weavq wkwÿZ, AwkwÿZ, abx Mixe mK‡ji wbKUB G e¨emvq AZ¨šÍ mgv`„Z| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q iwgR e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Avi G e¨emvq mvaviYZ ÿz`ª cÖK…wZi nq| d‡j Gi MV‡b ¯^í cyuwRi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| †mKvi‡Y †h †KD mÂq w`‡q ev cÖ‡qvR‡b FY K‡i mn‡RB Giƒc e¨emvq M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨B GB mdjZvi Rb¨ iwgR, wg. AvKiv‡gi KvQ †_‡K wKQz UvKv FY wb‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov iwgR g‡b K‡ib †h‡nZz G e¨emvq Kg UvKv w`‡q cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq †m‡nZz SzuwKi cwigvY ¯^fveZB Kg nq| GQvov iwgR wb‡RB G e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i weavq †m AZ¨šÍ hZœ I mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i| G‡Z ÿwZi m¤¢vebv Av‡iv n«vm cvq| Giƒc SzuwKi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB Giƒc e¨emvq MV‡b DrmvwnZ nq| Gfv‡e e¨emvq mdjZv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

kn‡ii ¯^YK © gj bv‡gi cÖwZwôZ I eo †mvbvi †`vKv‡bi gvwjK wg. Ag~j¨ ivq ¯^Y©Kvi wn‡m‡e AZ¨šÍ cwiwPwZ| wZwb hLb ¯^Y©Kvi wn‡m‡e KvR ïiæ K‡ib ZLb Zvi my² Kv‡Ri `ÿZv I bZzb byZb wWRvBb D™¢ve‡bi ÿgZv MÖvnK‡`i g‡a¨ e¨vcK AvMÖn m„wó‡Z mg_© nq| Gici Zv‡K wcQ‡b wd‡i ZvKv‡Z nqwb| wZwb MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ ms‡hvM a‡i †i‡L‡Qb| AvšÍwiKZv wb‡q mevi mv‡_ wgk‡Qb| G‡Z djI cv‡”Qb wZwb| wZwb MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ ms‡hvM a‡i †i‡L‡Qb| AvšÍwiKZv wb‡q mevi mv‡_ wgk‡Qb| G‡Z djI cv‡”Qb wZwb| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ivq GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †Kvb myweavi Kvi‡Y cÖ_‡g fv‡jv K‡i‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. ivq cieZ©x‡Z DbœwZ jv‡f GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †Kvb myweav Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Drcv`b, e›Ubmn mKj •ea A_©‣bwZK KvR‡K e¨emvq e‡j| L. †h e¨emv‡qi gvwjK GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ Zv‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| Gi gvwjK wbR `vwq‡Z¡ e¨emv‡qi g~jab †RvMvo K‡i I wb‡RB e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i| Gi mKj gybvdv GKvB †fvM K‡i Ges ÿwZ n‡j Zv GKB en‡b eva¨ _v‡K| GKK gvwj‡Ki mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y GB e¨emvq mvaviYZ mxwgZ g~jab I AvqZbwewkó nq| Gi MVb I cwiPvjbv DfqB mnR| 20

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq M. wg. ivq e¨w³MZ •ewkó¨ cÖ`k©‡bi my‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y e¨emv‡q fv‡jv K‡i‡Qb| e¨emv‡qi Ggb wKQz †ÿÎ _v‡K †hLv‡b e¨w³MZ •ewkó¨, `ÿZv, †hvM․Zv BZ¨vw` MÖvnK‡`i wbKU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ nq| MÖvnKiv hw` KviI g‡a¨ cÖZ¨vwkZ ¸Y I `ÿZv jÿ¨ K‡i Zv‡e †mLvb †_‡KB cY¨ I †mev cvIqvi cÖZ¨vkv K‡i| †h †Kv‡bv wkíK‡g©i †`vKvb, †givg‡Zi †`vKvb, `wR©i †`vKvb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î Avgiv mvaviYZ GUv jÿ¨ Kwi| DÏxc‡K wg. ivq hLb ¯^YK © vi wn‡m‡e e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib ZLb †`Lv hvq, Zvi my² Kv‡Ri `ÿZv I bZzb bZzb wWRvBb D™¢ve‡bi ÿgZv MÖvnK‡`i g‡a¨ e¨vcK AvMÖn m„wó K‡i| ¯^YK © v‡ii KvR †h‡nZz LyeB my², ZvB G KvR `ÿZvi mv‡_ Ki‡Z cviv wbtm‡›`‡n ¯^Y©Kv‡ii ¸Y wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| wg. ivq ¯^Y©Kvi wn‡m‡e Giƒc ¸Y, `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi cÖgvY w`‡Z cvivq e¨emv‡q mdjZv †c‡q‡Qb| †gvUK_v, wg. iv‡qi AvR‡Ki †h mybvg I myL¨vwZ Zv M‡o DVvi wcQ‡b GKgvwjKvbv e¨evmv‡q e¨emvqxi e¨w³MZ •ewkó¨ cÖ`k©‡bi my‡hvM Zv‡K me‡P‡q eo myweav cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| N. wg. ivq Zvi e¨emv‡qi mdjZv a‡i ivL‡Z GKgvwjKvbv e¨evm‡qi e¨w³MZ m¤ú‡K©i myweav‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb| e¨emv‡q e¨w³MZ m¤úK© ej‡Z MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ gvwjK ev e¨e¯’vcK‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ ev mivmwi m¤úK©‡K eySvq| Giƒc m¤úK© MÖvnK‡`i e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ Av¯’vkxj K‡i Ges Zv‡`i‡K ¯’vqx MÖvn‡K cwiYZ K‡i| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, wg. ivq kn‡ii bvgKiv cÖwZôvb ¯^YK © gj †`vKv‡bi gvwjK| e¨w³MZ •ewkó¨ cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvivqgvwj‡Ki PvB‡Z ¯^YK © vi wn‡m‡e Zvi cwiPqB gyL¨| mdjZvi avivq wZwb GLb kn‡ii bvgKiv e„n`vqZb ¯^YK © gjcÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| wZwb GLb wb‡R KvR bv Ki‡jI MÖvnK‡`i mv‡_ e¨w³MZ m¤úK© a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ wZwb mewKQz&B Ki‡Qb| AvšÍwiKZv wb‡q mevi mv‡_ wgk‡Qb| eo e¨emvqx G wb‡q Zvi †Kv‡bv Me© †bB| wg. ivq e¨w³MZ m¤úK© cÖwZôvq mdj nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi ¯’vqx MÖvn‡Ki m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB MÖvnKivB ZvZi eo m¤ú`| Zvi e¨emv‡qi cÖPviKvix| Zviv ¯^YK © gj †`vKvb‡K Zv‡`iB cÖwZôvb g‡b K‡i| hZw`b wg. ivq Kg©ÿg _vK‡eb I †`vKv‡b em‡eb ZZw`b GB Av¯’v Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| cieZx© cÖRb¥ hw` GUv‡K cuywR K‡i GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Z‡e ZvivI Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ZvB †`Lv hvq GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Ggb wKQz †ÿÎ i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b e¨w³MZ m¤úK© LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ nq| hv wg. iv‡qi †ÿ‡ÎI N‡U‡Q| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, wg. iv‡qi cieZx©‡Z DbœwZ jv‡f GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi e¨w³MZ m¤úK© cÖwZôvi mydj Kv‡R †j‡M‡Q|

21

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq

wØZxq Aa¨vq: GKgvwjKvbv msMVb ev e¨e¯’vcbv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| BgwZqvR XvKv kn‡i †jLv cov K‡i| e¨emvq wk¶v kvLvq c‡o Zvi g‡b GKUv †K․Zznj RvM‡jv| kn‡i Z_v we‡k¦ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq †ewk| †m †`‡L me©ÎB wewfbœ e¨emvq msMVb i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ GKK cwiPvjbvq e¨emvq msMVb ‡ewk| GB e¨emvq¸‡jvB GKw`‡K gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’vb Ki‡Q Avevi gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨ I †mevi †hvMvb w`‡q f~wgKv ivL‡Q| A_P GB e¨emvq¸‡jvi Dbœq‡b †`‡k †Kvb Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v †bB| K. †c․i GjvKvq GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kivi Rb¨ Kvi KvQ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡Z nq?

1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi RbwcÖqZvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. BgwZqv‡Ri AbymÜv‡b we‡k¦ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb me‡P‡q †ewk? Gi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kg©msm&nv‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvqB DËg Zzwg Kx GKgZ-eB‡qi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| wg. jvwKe bv‡Uvi †_‡K KvuPv‡Mvjøv (wgwó) cvBKvix `‡i G‡b XvKvi avbgwÛ ÔnvwR myBUmÕ G LyPiv wewµq K‡ib| wZwb e¨emv‡q A_©ms¯’vb K‡ib Ges SzuwK †gvKv‡ejv K‡ib| cywRi Afv‡e wZwb e„n`vKvi e¨emvq ïiæ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| K. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨ †KvbwU? 1 L. GKK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq GKK gybvdv †fvMx e¨emvq- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wg. jvwK‡ei e¨emvwU evwb‡R¨i AvIZvi w`K w`‡q †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. jvwKe e„n`vKvi e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi wcQ‡b †h mgm¨v we`¨gvb Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K - e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 3| wg. BdwZ gv‡jwkqv †_‡K wd‡i G‡m 5 jvL UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i MvRxcy‡i GKwU †cvwëª dvg© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| dv‡g© ev”Pv I wWg Drcv`b K‡i wZwb XvKv I Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i mieivn K‡ib| Avi I A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zvi e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY Kivi B”Qv Av‡Q| K. c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg e¨emvq msMV‡bi bvg Kx? 1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq ÒGKK gybvdv †fv‡Mi AwaKvixÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wg. BdwZi e¨emvq msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. BdwZi mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zv e¨emvq cwim‡i evav Zzwg Kx GKgZÑ †Zvgvi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 4| dviw`b we.G. cvm K‡i e¨emvq Ki‡e hLb fve‡Q ZLb Zvi cwiwPZ GK eo fvB Zv‡K Zvi e¨emv‡q Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z civgk© w`j| G wel‡q dviw`b civgk© Kivi Rb¨ Zvi GK e¨emvqx PvPvi Kv‡Q †Mj| PvPv ej‡jb, A‡b¨i e¨emv‡q wewb‡qvM Ki‡j cyuwR nviv‡bvi fq _v‡K| Avi †h‡nZz †m e¨emvq m¤ú‡K© wKQzB Rv‡bbv ZvB G wel‡q Zv‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡eB A‡b¨i Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB Zvi DwPZ wbR D‡`¨v‡MB e¨emvq ïiæ Kiv| G e¨emvq ew³MZfv‡e DÏgx n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| K. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq `vq KZUzKz ?

1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq GZ RbwcÖqZv †Kb ?

2 M. dviw`‡K Zvi PvPv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Askx`vwi e¨emvq †_‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Sv‡gjvgy³ e¨emvq Zzwg KxGKgZ- †Zvgvi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4

5| Rbve iv‡Qj Ô¯^Y©vjx wecbx weZvbÕ bv‡g GKwU e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wZwb Zvi e¨emv†q wb‡RB g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| AwMœKvÛ, g~j¨n«vm, cY¨`ªe¨ webó nIqv BZ¨vw` AwbðqZv wb‡q wZwb wPwšÍZ| ZvB wZwb G mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq wb‡q fve‡Qb| K. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K Kx e‡j?

L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg ‡Kb?

22

1 2

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq

M. Ô¯^Y©vjx wecbx weZvbÕ gvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb- e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Rbve iv‡Qj Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi AwMœ SzwK DËi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb Dcvq MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki|

3 4

6| gvmygv †eM‡gi •Zwi AvPvi ¯^v` I M‡Ü AZzjbxq nIqvq GLb kn‡ii cÖvq me †`vKv‡bB Zv‡K mieivn Ki‡Z nq| †g‡q kvšÍv Ges †Q‡j gvmdx Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| wewfbœ †`vKv‡b Ny‡i Ny‡i AW©vi msMÖn, g~j¨ Av`vq Kiv wb‡q cÖvqB Zv‡K Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq| GQvov LyPiv we‡µZvMY Zv‡`i weµxZ g~‡j¨i †P‡q A‡bK Kg g~j¨ Zv‡K cwi‡kva K‡i| GRb¨ Zvi Lvivc jvMv _vK‡jI A_©vfv‡e wKQzB Kivi wQj bv| eZ©gv‡b evÜex Rwgjvi A_©vq‡b gMevRv‡i †h․_fv‡e GKwU ‡kviæg Kivi cÖ¯w‘ Z Pj‡Q| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. e¨emvwqK •bwZKZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki gvmygv †eM‡gi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki gvmygv †eM‡gi ‡kviæg †Lvjvi wm×všÍ‡K Zzwg Kxfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7| A‡_©i Afv‡e D”P gva¨wgK cvk Kivi ci wkgy‡ji cov‡kvbv eÜ n‡q hvq| †m Aí wKQz Rgv‡bv UvKvq evRv‡i †g․mywg d‡ji e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i| MZ eQi igRvb gv‡m †m dj wewµ eÜ K‡i BdZvi mvgMÖx Ges C‡`i GK mßvn c~‡e© †m Avevi BdZvi mvgMÖx ev` w`‡q cvÄvwe, Uzwc BZ¨vw` wewµ K‡i| G‡Z †m AvkvZxZ mvdj¨ cvq| wkgyj wVK K‡i‡Q GLb †_‡K †m mg‡qvc‡hvMx c‡Y¨i †ePv‡Kbv Ki‡e| K. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kv‡K e‡j?

1 L. e¨emvwqK wkóvPvi ej‡Z Kx eySv‡bv nq?

2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi myweavi cÖavb †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji Dcjwä‡K Zzwg wK h_v_© g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI| 4 8| Avãyj AvDqvj GKRb ¯^í wkw¶Z hyeK| hye Dbœqb Awa`ßi Aax‡b grm¨ Lvgvi Ges mewR Pvl m¤ú‡K© cÖwk¶Y †k‡l MÖv‡g wb‡RB GKwU Lvgvi cÖwZôv K‡i| cvkvcvwk MÖv‡g GKwU cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª cwiPvjbv K‡i| G‡Z ¯^í cyuwR wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡jI gvmv‡šÍ †h gybvdv AwR©Z nq, Zv w`‡q Zvi msmv‡i m”QjZv wd‡i Av‡m| ¯^vaxbfv‡e m¤ú~Y© ¯^wbqwš¿Z GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i cÖPzi †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i MÖv‡g Avãyj AvDqvj `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. †K GKgvwjKvbv msMVb MVb K‡i?

2 M. AvDqvj †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói †¶‡Î Avãyj AvDqvj-Gi g‡Zv hyeK‡`i f~wgKv KZUv †h․w³K? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 9| nvwdR wbR¯^ KviLvbv †_‡K e„n`vqZb wkíKviLvbvq wbqwgZ myZv mieivn K‡i _v‡K| †`‡ki wewfbœ †cvkvK wkíKviLvbvq nvwdR Gi meivnK…Z DbœZgvbm¤úbœ myZv we‡klfv‡e mgv`„Z| m¤ú~Y© wbR¯^ ZË¡veav‡b AZ¨šÍ `¶Zvi mv‡_ AvšÍRv© wZK gvbm¤úbœ m~Zv Drcv`b K‡i †m †ek gybvdv AR©b K‡i‡Q| ZvQvov †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †gvKvwejvq `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY I evRv‡ii Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i mviv eQiB Zvi Drcv`b KvR cwiPvjbv K‡i nvwdR| e¨w³MZ I cÖvwZôvwbK mybvg eRvq _vKvi Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨vsK †_‡K FY myweav cvIqv Zvi Rb¨ Lye GKUv Kómva¨ bq| Zvi fwel¨‡Z AvšÍRv© wZK evRv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi AvKv•Lv i‡q‡Q| 23

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq

K. GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡b g~ja‡bi †hvMvb`vZv †K? 1 L. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q gvwj‡Ki `vq wKiƒc?

2 M. DÏxc‡Ki nvwd‡Ri msMVbwUi mv‡_ †Kvb msMV‡bi mv`„k¨ cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kvh©‡¶Î mxwgZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I e„n`vqZb Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î nvwd‡Ri f~wgKv KZUv ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y©? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 10| Gm. Gm. wm cvm K‡i bwmgb msmv‡ii Avq e„w×i Rb¨ mwÂZ mvgvb¨ A_© w`‡q 2wU †mjvB †gwkb µq K‡i| PvPv‡Zv †evb Ry‡jLv I Zvi evÜex nvwjgv‡K †mjvB Gi Kv‡R cÖwk¶Y †`q Ges †m wb‡R evRvi †_‡K Kvco msMÖn K‡i I gvc Abyhvqx Kv‡U| ZvQvov cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i Pvwn`vbyhvqx Rvgv-Kvco †mjvB K‡i fv‡jvfv‡eB msmvi Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| GKRb `¶ †UBjvi wn‡‡me Zvi mybvg †ek `ªæZ Qwo‡Z co‡Z _v‡K Ges cÖPzi Kv‡Ri AW©vi Avm‡Z _v‡K| fwel¨‡Z e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi ¯^cœ †`‡L bwmgb| Zvi B”Qv evRv‡i GKwU †`vKvb cÖwZôv Kiv| K. evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? 2 M. bwmgb †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ bwmg‡bi GLb KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 11| `xN©w`b Pvgov KviLvbvq mycvifvBRvi wn‡m‡e KvR KiwQj Rwmg| msmv‡ii evowZ Av‡qi Rb¨ cieZ©x‡Z wb‡RB wewfbœ RyZvi KviLvbvq Pvgov mieivn ïiæ K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Kg g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq †gvUvgy wU fv‡jfv‡eB PjwQj Rwm‡gi w`bKvj| m¤cÖwZ GKwU RyZv KviLvbv Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ AwZwi³ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b eÜz mgb‡K ms‡M †bqvi wm×všÍ †bq Rwmg| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. cÖZ¨¶ †mevK‡g©i †¶‡Î †Kvb GKgvwjKvbv msMVb AwaK Dc‡hvMx? 2 M. cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Rwm‡gi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz mygb‡K ms‡M †bqvi wm×vbwU Rwm‡gi Rb¨ †h․w³K n‡e wK? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 12| 2005 mv‡j C‡`i mgq k‡Li e‡k 5wU kvwoi wWRvBb K‡i †ek cÖkswmZ nq dvwinv| cieZ©x‡Z ¯^vgx Ryev‡qi-Gi Drmv‡n evwo‡ZB cÖwZwôZ nq Zvi †QvU eywUK kcwUi| Gici †_‡KB wewfbœ Drme‡K †K›`ª K‡i m¤ú~Y© ¯^Zš¿ bKkvq dvwinv •Zwi K‡i n‡iK iKg kvwo I KvwgR| wbR GjvKvi wKQz `yt¯’ I Amnvq gwnjv‡K †mjvB cÖwk¶Y w`‡q wb‡Ri KviLvbvq Kv‡R jvMvq dvwinv| cÖev‡m wKQz cwiwPZ MÖvn‡Ki wbqwgZ AW©vi cv‡m©j K‡iI †m †ek bw›`Z n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wbR¯^ I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g wek¦ evRv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi Rb¨ c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Q dvwinv| K. evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ wkí I evwY‡R¨i m¤úK© Av‡Q wK? 2 M. dvwinv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Òdvwinv GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³vÓ- Zywg wK Gi mv‡_ GKgZ? hyw³ `vI| 4

24

3q Aa¨vq

Askx`vwi e¨emvq Partnership Business

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Avwjg I ivRxe Puv`bx †UªWvm© bv‡g GKwU Askx`vix cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| Zv‡`i eÜz Zv‡iK cÖvqB H cÖwZôv‡b hvZvqvZ K‡i| Zv‡i‡Ki AvPi‡Y A‡b‡KB Zv‡K H cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb Askx`vi g‡b K‡i| Zv‡iK wb‡RI gv‡S gv‡S wb‡R‡K Askx`vi e‡j cwiPq †`q| eÜz‡Z¡i LvwZ‡i Avwjg I ivRxe GB welqwU wb‡q AvcwË K‡i bv| m¤úªwZ Zv‡iK Avevm¯ j cwieZ©b K‡i Ab¨Î †M‡j AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR bvgK GKwU cÖwZôvb Puv`bx †UªWv‡m©i wbKU 1 jÿ UvKv `vex K‡i| KviY AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR Zv‡iK‡K Askx`vi †f‡e GB UvKv avi w`‡qwQj| AbymÜv‡b av‡ii wel‡q mZ¨Zv †c‡jI Puv`bx †UªWvm© D³ UvKv cwi‡kv‡a A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| K. mxgve× Askx`vix e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. ÒwbewÜZ Askx`vix e¨emvq DËgÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. Zv‡iK †Kvb ai‡Yi Askx`vi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki AvBbMZfv‡e AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR Puv`bx †UªWvm©- Gi wbKU †_‡K D³ 1 jÿ UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi : K. Pzw³ Abyhvqx e¨emv‡qi †Kvb Askx`v‡ii `vq mxgve× n‡j ev AvBbMZfv‡e mKj Askx`v‡ii m¤§wZµ‡g †Kvb bvevjK‡K myweav cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Askx`vi wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡K mxwgZ ev mxgve× Askx`vi e‡j| L. 1932 mv‡ji Askx`vwi AvB‡b e¨emv‡qi wbeÜb eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv nqwb| Z‡e wbewÜZ Askx`vwi Kg© I Askx`vi‡K †ek wKQz myweav †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZvB AwbewÜZ e¨emv‡qi Zzjbvq wKQzUv AmyweavRbK cwiw¯ wZi m¤§yLxb nq| wbe܇bi d‡j cÖwZôvbwU cvIbv Av`v‡qi AwaKvi, we‡jvcmvab I wnmve msµvšÍ AwaKvi, Pzw³RwbZ AwaKvi †fvM K‡i _v‡K| hv AwbeÜwZ cÖwZôvbwU cvq bv| ZvB ejv hvq wbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq DËg| M. Zv‡iK AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi| †h e¨w³ cÖK…Z Askx`vi bv n‡qI Zvi K_vevZ©v, AvPiY Øviv wb‡R‡K Askx`viiƒ‡c cÖPvi K‡i wKsev Ab¨ e¨w³‡K Zuvi bvg Askx`viiƒ‡c cÖPvi Ki‡Z †`b Ges e¨w³MZfv‡e Askx`vi wnmv‡e `vqx _v‡Kb Zv‡K AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi e‡j|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Zv‡`i eÜz Zv‡iK cÖvqB H cÖwZôv‡b hvZvqvZ K‡i| Zv‡i‡Ki AvPi‡Y A‡bKB Zv‡K H cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb Askx`vi g‡b K‡i| Zv‡iK wb‡RI gv‡S gv‡S wb‡R‡K Askx`vi wnmv‡e cwiPq †`q| hv Askx`vix cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡Î AvPi‡Y Askx`vi ejv hvq| ZvB wg. Zv‡iK GKRb AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi| N. AvBbMZfv‡e AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR Puv`wb †UªWvm© Gi wbKU †_‡K 1 jÿ UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR Puv`bx †UªWvm© Gi mv‡_ K_v e‡j wg.Zv‡iK‡K 1 jÿ UvKv cÖ`vb K‡iwb| AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR wg.

Zv‡i‡Ki K_v wek¦vm K‡i 1 jÿ UvKv avi †`b| †hwUi `vq cÖwZôvb wb‡Z eva¨ bq| DÏxc‡K AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR Puv`bx ‡UªWvm©-Gi wbKU †h 1 jÿ UvKv `vwe K‡i Zv Puv`bx †UªWvm© w`‡Z eva¨ bq| AvBbMZfv‡e AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR Zv‡iK‡K A_© cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †h cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb Askx`vi bq Gi `vq cÖwZôvb enb Ki‡Z AvBbMZfv‡e eva¨ bq| AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi‡`i m„ó `vq Zvi wb‡R‡KB enb Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZôv‡bi `vq m„wó nq bv| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi Øviv cÖfvweZ Z…Zxq c‡ÿi `v‡qi Rb¨ AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi `vqe× nq| cÖwZôvb bq| ZvB AvBbMZfv‡e D³ 1 jÿ UvKv AvRv` G›UvicÖvBR‡K w`‡Z Puv`bx †UªWvm© eva¨ bq| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: •Zwi †cvlvK we‡µZv wg.Avjg ¯^í c~uwRi Kvi‡Y e¨emv‡q mvdj¨ jv‡f e¨_© n‡q wg. Rwjj‡K Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wb‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| wg.Rwjj e¨emv‡qi †Kej g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©‡bi k‡Z© Pzw³‡Z Ave× nb Ges kZ© †gvZv‡eK g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡ib| wKš‧ e¨emvq wKQzw`b Pjvi ci wg.Avjg †`Dwjqv n‡q c‡ob| K. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Pzw³cÎ cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? 2 M. Rbve Rwjj †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvqwUi we‡jvcmvab NU‡e wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. GKRb gvÎ e¨w³i gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| L. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m„wó nq Pzw³ †_‡K| G Pzw³ †g․wLK ev wjwLZ n‡Z cv‡i| Pzw³i wjwLZ iƒc‡K Pzw³cÎ e‡j| wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ fwel¨Z Ø›Ø wbim‡bi Rb¨ Ges AvBbMZ myweav cÖvwßi cÖ‡qvR‡b Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Pzw³cÎ •Zwi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| M. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q †h e¨w³ g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i gybvdv MÖnY I SzuwK enb K‡i wKš‧ e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY K‡i bv, Zv‡K wbw®…q Askx`vi e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. Rwjj wb®…xq ev NygšÍ Askx`vi| Askx`vwi 26

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Askx`vwi e¨emvq

e¨emv‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi Askx`vi _v‡K| Askx`vi‡`i e¨emv‡q AskMÖnY, gybvdvi †fvM, g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi `vq`vwqZ¡ enb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y wewfbœ ai‡bi Askx`vi n‡q _v‡K| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. Rwjj †h‡nZz Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q †Kej g~jab wewb‡qvM I jvf-†jvKmv‡bi SzuwKenb Ki‡e wKš‧ cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e bv ZvB Askx`vi‡`i cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †m wbw®…q ev NygšÍ Askx`vi| N. Askx`vwi AvBb Abyhvqx DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwUi we‡jvc mvab NU‡e| †h c×wZ‡Z cÖwZôvb‡K eÜ ev ¸wU‡q †djv nq Zv‡K we‡jvcmvab e‡j| Avgiv Rvwb, wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi we‡jvc N‡U| †hgb: †¯^”Qvq we‡jvcmvab, Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©‡ k we‡jvcmvab, eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvcmvab BZ¨vw`| Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU wØZxq ch©v‡q Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i Ges Gi m`m¨ msL¨v `vovq `yBRb| Askx`vwi AvBbvbymv‡i GKRb e¨wZZ Ab¨mKj Askx`vi †`Dwjqv n‡j D³ Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvcmvab N‡U| G‡ÿ‡Î `yBRb Askx`vi‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb †`Dwjqv nIqvq Avi GKRb Aewkó _v‡K| ZvB AvBbvbymv‡i G cÖwZôvbwUi we‡jvcmvab NU‡e| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: 2001 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Kvgvj, Rvgvj I Zgvj mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g~jab 10,000/- UvKv K‡i| 2002 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Zgv‡ji g„Zz¨i ci Zvi 16 eQ‡ii Kb¨v ZgvwjKv‡K e¨emvq m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z Rvgvj I Kvgvj m¤§Z nj| 2002 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L e¨emv‡qi gybvdv Lye mvgvb¨B nj| 2003 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L Kvgvj †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ nj| ZLb e¨emv‡qi `v‡qi cwigvb 50,000/- UvKv| K. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q ÓAskx`vi‡`i `vq AmxgÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. 2002 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L ZgvwjKv †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi nj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. 2003 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L Ómg¯Í `vq-`vwqZ¡ Rvgv‡ji Dci eZ©v‡eÓ e³e¨wU wekølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ gybvdv AR©b I e›U‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †¯^”Qvq Pzw³i gva¨‡g †h e¨emvq M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| L. wewb‡qvwRZ g~ja‡bi evwn‡i `vq m„wó nIqv‡K Amxg `vq e‡j| GKRb Askx`vi `vq cwi‡kv‡a e¨_© n‡j GB `vq Ab¨vb¨ Askx`vi‡K enb Ki‡Z nq ZLb Zv‡`i `vq wewb‡qvwRZ g~jab A‡cÿv †ekx nq| ZvB ejv nq Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Askx`vi‡`i `vq Amxg| 27

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvqwU GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ Pzw³e× m¤ú©‡Ki gva¨‡g †h e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| ZgvwjKv GKRb mxwgZ Askx`vi| evsjv‡`‡k emevmiZ 18 eQ‡ii Kg eq¯‥ bvix cyiæl‡K bvevjK e‡j| 2002 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L ZgvwjKvi eqm 17 eQi| myZivs †m bvevjK| bvevjK e¨emvq †_‡K ïay gybvdv †fvM Ki‡e Ges Zvi `vq wewb‡qvwRZ g~jab ch©šÍ mxwgZ, ZvB †m mxwgZ Askx`vi| N. 2003 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L e¨emvqwU wejywß NU‡e Ges 10,000 UvKv `vq ZgvwjKv cwi‡kva Ki‡e Ges 40,000 UvKv `vq Rvgvj cwi‡kva Ki‡e| 2001 mv‡j cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨ 3 Rb| 2002 mv‡j cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨ 2 Rb| 2003 mv‡j cÖwZôv‡bi c~Yv©½ m`m¨ msL¨v 1 Rb| GgZve¯ vq e¨emvqwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq wnmv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, Askx`vwi e¨emvqwUi wejywß NU‡e| wejywßi mgq e¨emv‡qi `vq 50,000 UvKv| mxwgZ Askx`vi ZgvwjKvi `vq 10,000 UvKv Ges Rvgv‡ji `vq 40,000 UvKv| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Acy I g›Uzmn Zvi 7Rb eÜz Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb MVb K‡i mdjfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| e¨emv‡qi gybvdv eÈb I Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Zviv cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ g›Uz e¨w³MZfv‡e e¨vsK n‡Z 5 jÿ UvKv FY MÖnY Ki‡Z e¨_© nIqvq e¨vsK Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq †bq| Av`vjZ Zvi mg¯Í m¤úwË †µvK K‡i Zvi g~j¨ cvb 2 jÿ UvKv Ges evKx †`bv cwi‡kv‡a Zv‡K Aÿg †NvlYv K‡ib| K. e¨emv‡qi K…wÎg e¨w³¯^Ëv Kx? 1 L. cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v I wek¦vm ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯ wZ‡Z cÖwZôvbwU‡Z eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvc mvab NU‡e| Zzwg wK GKgZ? hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. e¨emv‡qi K…wÎg e¨w³¯^Ëv ej‡Z e¨w³ bv n‡qI †Kvb wKQzi e¨w³i b¨vq gh©v`v I AwaKvi jvf‡K eySvq| A_©vr K…wÎg e¨w³¯^Ëv n‡jv K…wÎg e¨w³ hv‡K AvBbMZfv‡e e¨w³i b¨vq AwaKvi, `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZv †`qv n‡q _v‡K| L. cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v I wek¦vm ej‡Z Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †h mKj Askx`vi i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi wek¦vm I cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v‡K eySvq| Askx`vwi e¨emvq m¤ú‡K© Avgiv Rvwb, †h, 2 †_‡K m‡e©v”P 20 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q Askx`vwi e¨emvq M‡o D‡V| ZvB G e¨emvq MVb I mvdj¨ jv‡fi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb n‡jv Askx`vi‡`i cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v I wek¦vm| Gi Afve 28

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq _vK‡j G e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq bv| ZvB AvBbvbyhvqx Askx`vi‡`i ga¨Kvi Pzw³‡K ÔmwØk¦v‡mi Pzw³Õ Ges Zv‡`i m¤úK©‡K ÔP~ovšÍ mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK©Õ ejv nq| M. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ cÖwZôvbwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| Kgc‡ÿ `yÕRb Ges m‡e©v”P wekRb (e¨vswKs e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P `kRb) e¨w³ gybvdv AR©b I Zv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ eȇbi wbwg‡Ë Pzw³e× n‡q †¯^”Qvq †h e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq ejv n‡q _v‡K| DÏxcK Abyhvqx †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Acy I g›Uzmn Zviv 7Rb eÜz Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb †mB mv‡_ wewfbœ wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Zviv cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi Dci wbf©i K‡ib| G mKj Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ ejv hvq †h, GwU GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯ wZ‡Z cÖwZôvbwU‡Z eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvc mvab NU‡eÕ- Avwg GB e³‡e¨i mv‡_ GKgZ bB| Avgiv Rvwb †h, `yÕwU Ae¯ vq Askx`vwi cÖwZôv‡bi eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvc NU‡e: 1. GKRb e¨ZxZ mKj Askx`vi GK‡hv‡M †`Dwjqv e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡j Ges 2. Giƒc †Kvb NUbv NU‡j hv‡Z Askx`vwi cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿ e¨emvq Pvjv‡bv ev Askx`vi‡`i c‡ÿ Askx`vwi m¤úK© eRvq ivLv A‣ea e‡j MY¨ nq| †hgb- AvBb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j e¨emvq Kvh© A‣ea we‡ewPZ n‡j| DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯ wZ Abyhvqx ïaygvÎ g›Uz Zvi e¨w³MZ F‡Yi A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨_© nIqvq Zv‡K †`Dwjqv e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb †h, †Kvb Askx`vi †`Dwjqv e‡j †NvwlZ n‡j Zv n‡e ÔK‡qKwU NUbv mv‡c‡ÿ we‡jvc mvabÕ| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, cÖwZôvbwU Aek¨B we‡jvc mvab NU‡e| Z‡e Zv eva¨Zvg~jK bq eis ÔK‡qKwU we‡kl NUbv mv‡c‡ÿÕ we‡jvc mvab NU‡e| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: K, L I M GKwU AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| wZb R‡bi g~ja‡bi cwigvY mgvb Ges gybvdv †fv‡Mi nviI mgvbycvwZK| Z‡e K Zvi g~ja‡bi AwZwi³ `vq enb K‡i bv| cÖwZôvbwU eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †Póv K‡iI GKRb †`vKvb`v‡ii wbKU n‡Z 10,000 UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Zviv fve‡Q cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Zi AvkÖq wb‡e| K. evsjv‡`‡k Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ †Kvb AvBb ejer Av‡Q? 1 L. bvggvÎ Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vwi msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg Kx g‡b Ki Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. evsjv‡`‡k Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ ÒAskx`vwi AvBb-1932Ó ejer Av‡Q| 29

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq L. wewfbœ cÖKvi Askx`vwi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv bvggvÎ Askx`vi| bvggvÎ Askx`vi Ggb e¨w³ whwb g~jZ: Askx`vi bb Ges Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi gybvdvi mv‡_I RwoZ bb| A_P AvB‡bi †Pv‡L Askx`vwi `vq enb K‡ib| Giƒc Askx`vi e¨emvq g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡ib bv, gybvdv †fvM K‡ib bv wKš‧ cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i mybvg, hk e¨emv‡q e¨envi K‡ib| myZivs ejv hvq, Askx`vi bv n‡qI hviv Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Zv‡`i bvg, hk, L¨vwZ e¨env‡ii my‡hvM w`‡q _v‡Kb Zv‡`iB bvggvÎ Askx`vi ejv n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYZ mvgvwRK eÜb †_‡K wcZv, cyÎ ev †g‡q‡K e¨emv‡q wb‡Ri m„ó gybvdv ev L¨vwZ e¨env‡ii my‡hvM K‡i †`b| M. DÏxc‡K cÖwZôvbwU mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq| mxgve× Askx`vwi msMVb ej‡Z eywS †h Askx`vwi msMV‡b Kgc‡ÿ GKRb mvaviY Askx`vi GK ev GKvwaK mxgve× Askx`vi _v‡K Zv‡K mxgve× Askx`vi e¨emvq ejv nq| G ai‡bi msMV‡b `yÕcÖKvi m`m¨ _v‡K| h_v: mvaviY m`m¨ I mxwgZ Askx`vi| mxwgZ Askx`vi wewb‡qvM Ki‡jI e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq Ask wb‡Z cv‡i bv Z‡e wnmv‡ei Kwc wb‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K D‡jøL Av‡Q †h, K, L I M Gi cÖwZôvbwU Askx`vwi Ges Zv‡`i g~jabI gybvdvi fvM mgvb| wKš‧ K Zvi g~ja‡bi AwZwi³ `vq enb K‡i bv| GB •ewk󨸇jv mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq| myZivs e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU GKwU mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq| N. Avwg g‡b Kwi cÖwZôvbwU AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb nIqvq Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Askx`vi AvBb 1932 Gi 69(4) aviv Abymv‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq 100 UvKvi AwZwi³ †Kvb cvIbvi Rb¨ Z…Zxq c‡ÿi weiæ‡× gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr wbewÜZ n‡jB ïaygvÎ Giƒc cÖwZôvb †h‡Kvb cwigvY A_© Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K K, L, M AwbewÜZ cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i g~ja‡bi cwigvY mgvb I gybvdv †fv‡Mi nviI mgvbycvwZK| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ K Zvi g~ja‡bi AwZwi³ `vq enb K‡i bv| Zviv eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †Póv K‡iI GKRb †`bv`v‡ii wbKU n‡Z 10,000 UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| G Ae¯ vq †h‡nZz Zviv AwbewÜZ Ges cvIbvi cwigvY 100 UvKvi Dc‡i A_©vr 10,000 UvKv ZvB Zviv cvIbv Av`v‡q †Kvb gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Gi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq †bqvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB| DcwiD³ hyw³ Z‡K©i Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi, cÖwZôvbwU Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

30

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. gvgyb GKRb PvUvW© G¨vKvD‡›U›U| wZwb Zvi eÜz K‡jøvjmn Av‡iv 17 Rb eÜz wg‡j GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| Zviv 50 †KvwU UvKv g~jab mieivn K‡i| Z‡e wg. gvgyb e‡jb †h, wZwb e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq Ask wb‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Z‡e eQi †k‡l cÖwZôv‡bi wnmve wbixÿv K‡i w`‡eb| me©m¤§wZµ‡g K‡jøvj †K cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| 4 eQi ci wg. gvgy‡bi g„Zz¨ NU‡jI wg. K‡jøvj mdjZvi mv‡_ cÖwZôvbwU Pvjvw”Q‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z GKRb cÖfvekvjx †`bv`vi 50,000 UvKv bv †`qvq wg. K‡jøvj AvB‡bi Avkªq wb‡q Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z mg_© nb| K. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? 1 L. Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vwi e¨emvq msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wK Kvi‡Y wg. K‡jøv‡ji c‡ÿ AvB‡bi Avkªq †bqv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v 20 Rb| L. Pzw³ GKwU AvBbMZ m¤úK©| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ wKQz k‡Z© GKgZ n‡q mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ †h AvBbMZ m¤úK© †g․wLK ev wjwLZfv‡e M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K Pzw³ e‡j| Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wfwË n‡jv Pzw³| M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU wbewÜZ mxwgZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq msMVb| Avgiv Rvwb `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ KZ¸‡jv k‡Z© GKgZ n‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡j Zv‡K Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| Askx`vwi e¨emvq wbewÜZ wKsev AwbewÜZ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU wjwLZ ev †g․wLKI n‡Z cv‡i| Avi mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z eywS †h Askx`vwi msMV‡b Kgc‡ÿ GKRb Askx`v‡ii `vq mxwgZ _v‡K Zv‡K mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| G ai‡bi msMV‡b Kgc‡ÿ GKR‡bi `vq Amxg _v‡K| G‡`i g‡a¨ mvaviY Askx`vi e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i, mxwgZ Askx`vi cwiPvjbv bv Ki‡Z cvi‡jI wnmve wbixÿv Ki‡Z Kwc PvB‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †Kvb mxwgZ Askx`v‡ii g„Zz¨ n‡j Askx`vwi msMVb wejyß nq bv| DÏxc‡K wg. gvgyb I Zvi 17 Rb eÜz wg‡j 50 †KvwU UvKv gyjab mieivn K‡i e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU •Zwi K‡ib| G‡Z Askx`vi 20 R‡bi g‡a¨ mvaviY m`m¨, mwµq I wb¯…q Askx`vi, g„Zz¨i c‡ii Askx`v‡ii AwaKvi BZ¨vw` •ewk󨸇jv †`Lv hvq| Avevi cÖwZôvbwU 50,000 UvKv cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| GLv‡b wg. gvgyb wQ‡jb mxwgZ I wg. K‡jøvj mvaviY Askx`vi| GRb¨ wg. gvgyb wbixÿvi Rb¨ wnmv‡ei Kwc PvB‡Zb GgbwK Zvi g„Zz¨i ci cÖwZôvb mdjZvi mv‡_ PjwQj| myZivs ej‡Z cvwi wg. gvgyb‡`i MwVZ e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU wbewÜZ mxwgZ Askx`vwi msMVb| 31

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq N. cÖwZôvbwU wbewÜZ nIqvq wg. K‡jøvj‡`i c‡ÿ AvB‡bi Avkªq †bqv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| Askx`vwi msMVb hw` wbwÜZ nq Z‡e Askx`vwi AvBb 1932 Gi 69(4) aviv †gvZv‡eK 100 UvKvi AwZwi³ cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Z…Zxq c‡ÿi weiæ‡× gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K wg. K‡jøvj‡`i wbewÜZ Askx`vwi msMVbwU GKRb cÖfvekvjx †`bv`v‡ii Kv‡Q 50,000 UvKv †cZ| H A_© cvIqvi Rb¨ Zviv gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| Gfv‡e Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq wb‡q wg. K‡jøvjiv Zv‡`i cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi wg. K‡jøvj‡`i e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU wbewÜZ nIqvq Zviv cvIbv Av`v‡q AvB‡bi Avkªq wb‡Z †c‡iwQj| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: bvBg~j, AšÍy I AwbK wZbRb Askx`vi| Zv‡`i GKRb †`bv`vi A‡bKw`b a‡i 10,000 UvKvi cvIbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Q bv| †kl ch©šÍ Zviv wm×všÍ wbj †`bv`v‡ii weiæ‡× gvgjv Ki‡e| GW‡fv‡KU ej‡jv, Zviv H cwigvY UvKv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Zviv fve‡jv Zviv Ggb wKQz Ki‡e hv‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi c„_K AvBbMZ mfv _v‡K| d‡j ai‡bi mgm¨v bv nq| Kv‡RB Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq AvbyôvwbKZv †kl Ki‡jv| K. Askx`vwi Kx? 1 L. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Askx`vwi e¨emvqwU AvBbMZ Aby‡gv`b we‡ePbvq †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Askx`viiv bZzb Kx wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Askx`vi‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K Askx`vwi e‡j| L. †h Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q mKj Askx`v‡ii `vq mxgvnxb _v‡K Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq Ask MÖn‡Yi AwaKvix nq Zv‡K mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq‡K eySvq| Pzw³i wfwˇZ Gi~c e¨emvq MwVZ nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨B Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| Gi~c e¨emv‡qi †Kvb Askx`vi wb¯…xq n‡Z cv‡i Ges g~jab bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i wKšÍy mevi `vqB mgvb _v‡K| M. DÏxc‡Ki Askx`vwi e¨emvqwU AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq wQj| †h Askx`vwi e¨emvq cÖ‡qvRbxq AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb K‡i wbe܇Ki Awdm †_‡K wbeÜb MÖnY K‡iwb Zv‡K AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq e‡j| | Giƒc wbe܇bi Rb¨ AvB‡b ewY©Z AvbywôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq Ges Zv cvjb †k‡l wbeÜK mšÍyó n‡j Zv‡`i Pzw³c·K wbeÜb K‡i wbeÜb eB‡Z cªwZôv‡bi bvg ZvwjKvfz³ K‡ib| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, e¨emv‡qi GKRb †`bv`v`i A‡bKw`b a‡i cvIbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Q bv| GB cvIbv Av`v‡q AvBbMZ e¨e¯ v †bevi K_v hLb Zviv fve‡Q ZLb GW‡fv‡KU ej‡jb †h, Zviv 100 UvKv ch©šÍ cvIbvi Rb¨B ïaygvÎ †`bv`v‡ii weiæ‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 69 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †K‡bv Askx`vwi 32

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq e¨emvq wbewÜZ bv n‡j ev wbeÜb eB‡Z †Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii bv‡gi D‡jøL bv _vK‡j D³ Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb ev Askx`vi Z…Zxq c‡ÿi weiæ‡× 100 UvKvi AwZiw³ cvIbvi Rb¨ †gvKÏgv `v‡qi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| G †cÖwÿ‡ZB ejv hvq, †h‡nZz Askx`viiv mevB wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb †`bv`v‡ii weiæ‡× cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Kivi wKšÍy GW‡fv‡KU †h gZvgZ w`‡q‡Q Zv‡Z wbwðZfv‡eB †evSv hvq Zv‡`i e¨emvqwU AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq wQj| N. DÏxc‡Ki bvBgyj, AšÍy I AwbK wZbRb wg‡j cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| †h †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v me©wb¤œ `yB Ges m‡e©v”P cÂvk mxgve×, msNwewai weavb Abyhvqx †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi A‡hvM¨ Ges RbM‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ †kqvi weµ‡qi Avnevb Rvbv‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb A‡cÿv Gi MVb I cwiPvjbv mnR| DÏxc‡Ki e¨emvqwU AwbewÜZ Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb nIqvi Kvi‡Y †`bv`v‡ii weiæ‡× gvgjv `v‡q‡i Zviv evavi m¤§yLxb nq| Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, AvBbMZfv‡eB Zv‡`i e¨emv‡qi wKQz mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| Zviv wZbRb m`m¨ _vKvq bZzb m`m¨ MÖn‡Yi Avek¨KZv bv _vKvq cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi MVbI Zv‡`i Rb¨ mnR| ZvB Zviv AvBbMZ AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb K‡i Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wbeÜb bv wb‡q cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb, Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi †Kv‡bv c„_K AvBbMZ mËv _v‡K bv| ZvB †Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii g„Zz¨, gw¯Í¯‥ weK…wZ, †`Dwjqv BZ¨vw` †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB Gi we‡jvc N‡U| cvi¯úwiK fzj eySveywSmn cwiPvjbvMZ †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨vq G e¨emvq wejyß nq| †m Zzjbvq cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤úbœ nq| AvB‡bi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ nIqvq G‡ÿ‡Î k„sLjvI A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| RbAv¯ vI GwU †ewk AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB eÜziv wPšÍv K‡i‡Q Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wbe܇bi Rb¨ bv N‡i GKev‡i cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwbi wbeÜb †bqvB DËg| †gvUK_v Zviv Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wbeÜb bv wb‡q cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zv LyeB †h․w³K n‡q‡Q|

33

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Askx`vwi e¨emvq

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: Askx`vwi e¨emvq msMVb Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wcswK, kvwKjv I Lv‡j` wZb K¬vm‡gU wg‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ ÷z‡W›Um GwmmU¨vÝ mvwf©m bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb MVb K‡i| Zviv wkÿv_©x‡`i we‡`‡k co‡Z †h‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv †`q| G Kv‡R Zviv h‡_ó `ÿZv I myL¨vwZ AR©b Kivq e¨emvq DˇivËi fv‡jv Ki‡Q| wKš‧ GLb bvbvb wel‡q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wecwË n‡”Q| ZvB Zviv g‡b Ki‡Q ïaygvÎ K_vi Ic‡i bv P‡j cÖvgvY¨ wKQz K‡i wb‡j fvj n‡e| K. NygšÍ Askx`vi Kx? 1 L. mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki K¬vm‡gUiv wg‡j †h e¨emvq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki K¬vm‡gUiv cÖvgvY¨ wKQz Ki‡e e‡j †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zvi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| Bgb I mygb m‡e QvÎRxeb †kl K‡i‡Q| mgvb mgvb jvf-ÿwZ‡Z GKgZ n‡q mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKz‡k eB †gjvq GKwU ÷j †bq| †gjvq eB wewµi gva‡g fv‡jv gybvdv nIqvq Zviv wm×všÍ wbj †gjv †kl nevi ci bxj‡ÿ‡Z †`vKvb wb‡q Zv‡`i eB e¨emvqwU cvuP eQi Pvjv‡e| Zv‡`i g~jab e„w×i cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq GRvR †K Zviv mv‡_ wb‡Z Pvq| wKš‧ GRvR e¨emv‡qi Sv‡gjvq †h‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i Ges e‡j †h Askx`vi n‡jI wewb‡qv‡Mi AwaK `vq †m †b‡e bv| K. Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ Kx? 1 L. Kg©x Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Bgb I myg‡bi mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. GRv‡Ri wm×všÍ e¨emv‡qi Rb¨I g½jKi- G e³‡e¨i mv‡_ Zzwg Kx GKgZ? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 3| †mvnvM, mvËvi I †m․wgÎ wZb eÜz| mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ cÖ‡Z¨‡KB mgvb g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i XvKvi dwKivcy‡j GKUv AvaywbK wcÖw›Us †cÖm Pvjy Ki‡jv| wZbRb wg‡jwg‡k I KvR fvM K‡i g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Kivq GLb Zv‡`i Av‡iKUv †gwkb DVv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‧ nv‡Z bM` UvKv bv _vKvq Zviv Ggb Askx`vi †bqvi K_v fve‡Q Zvi `vq †hgbB †nvK bv †Kb cwiPvjbvq Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| K. bvggvÎ Askx`vi †K? 1 L. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wbeÜb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eÜz‡`i Askx`vwi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz‡`i bZzb ai‡bi Askx`vi †bqvi wm×v‡šÍi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 4| iƒcy, wbcy I Kexi GKUv †g․wLK Pzw³i wfwˇZ Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| wZbR‡bi g~ja‡bi cwigvY mgvb Ges gybvdv †fv‡Mi nviI mgvbycvwZK| Z‡e Kexi Zvi g~ja‡bi AwZwi³ `vq enb K‡i bv| cÖwZôvbwU eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †Póv K‡iI GKRb †`bv`v‡ii wbKU n‡Z 10,000/- UvKv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Zviv fve‡Q cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq wb‡e| K. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 34

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq L. bvggvÎ Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vwi msMVb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki cÖwZôvbwU Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g cvIbv Av`vq Ki‡Z cvi‡e? gZvgZ `vI| 4 5| wZb eÜz Avb›`, Drme I wbie Pzw³i wfwˇZ Ò†gNvjqÓ bv‡gi GKwU weÁvcbx cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j| Avb›` I Drme mgnv‡i g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i Ges wbie wewb‡qvM K‡i Zvi †gav I kªg| cwiPvjbvq RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y Avb›` e¨emvq we‡jv‡ci B”Qv wjwLZfv‡e mevB‡K AewnZ K‡i AZtci e¨emv wejyß nq| K. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. mxgve× Askx`vwi e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wbie †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖwZôvbwU mvaviY Askx`vix e¨emv‡qi †Kvb †kªYxi g‡a¨ c‡o? Gi Gfv‡e we‡jvc nIqvi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wgki, wgbnvR I gCb wZbRb D`¨gx m„Rbkxj I ch©vß g~ja‡bi AwaKvix | Zviv cvi¯úwiK mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ ÓwgjUb e¯¿weZvbÓ bv‡g GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| e¨emv‡qi h‡_ó mybvg I ch©vß gybvdv AwR©Z nIqvi c‡iI cvi¯úwiK Av¯ v I mwØk¦v‡mi Afv‡e Zv‡`i e¨emvqwU eÜ n‡q hvq| cieZx©‡Z Zviv wbR wbR †ÿ‡Î G‡KK Rb mycÖwZwôZ e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e myL¨vwZ AR©b K‡i| K. Askx`vix e¨emv‡q Pzw³e× m¤úK© Kx? 1 L. AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M.wgki , wgbnvR I gCb Gi e¨emv cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi - e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wgki,wgbnvR I gCb Gi wØZxq ch©v‡qi mdjZvi KviY Kx ? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 7| Dj we‡µZv wg.Rvgvj ¯^í c~uwRi Kvi‡Y e¨emv‡q mvdj¨ jv‡f e¨_© n‡q wg. Kvgvj‡K Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wb‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| wg.Kvgvj e¨emv‡qi †Kej g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©‡bi k‡Z© Pzw³‡Z Ave× nb Ges kZ© †gvZv‡eK g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡ib| wKš‧ e¨emvq wKQzw`b Pjvi ci wg.Rvgvj †`Dwjqv n‡q c‡ob| K. Askx`vix e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q Pzw³cÎ cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? 2 M. Rbve Kvgvj †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi - e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvqvwUi we‡jvcmvab NU‡e wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 8| 2010 mv‡ji 1jv Ryb Zvwi‡L Kvgvj, Rvgvj I Zgvj mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g~jab 20,000/- UvKv K‡i| 2011 mv‡ji 1jv Ryb Zvwi‡L Zgv‡ji g„Zz¨i ci Zvi 17 eQ‡ii Kb¨v ZgvwjKv‡K e¨emvq m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z Rvgvj I Kvgvj m¤§Z nj| 2011 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L e¨emv‡qi gybvdv Lye mvgvb¨B nj| 2012 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L Kvgvj †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ nj| ZLb e¨emv‡qi `v‡qi cwigvb 80,000/- UvKv| K.bvggvÎ Askx`vi Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q ÓAskx`vi‡`i `vq AmxgÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 35

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Askx`vwi e¨emvq

M.DÏxc‡K ZgvwjKv †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi - e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. 2012 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L Ómg¯Í `vq-`vwqZ¡ Rvgv‡ji Dci eZ©v‡eÓ Zzwg Kx GKgZ? e³e¨wU wekølY Ki| 4 9| K, L I M wZbRb mgvb Askx`vi Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wewb‡qvwRZ g~ja‡bi cwigvY 3 jÿ UvKv| K - Gi g„Zz¨i ci 2002 mv‡j Zvi 17 eQ‡ii iwng‡K me©m¤§wZ µ‡g Askx`vi Kiv nq| 2003 mv‡j e¨emvqwU 12 jÿ UvKv `vq †i‡L eÜ n‡q hvq| K. e¨vswKs Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? 1 L. Askx`vwi Pzw³cÎ ej‣Z Kx eyS? 2 M. 2002 mv‡j iwn‡gi `vq KZ wQj e‡j †Zvgvi aviYv? 3 N. 2003 mv‡j cÖwZôvbwU KvR n‡q hvevi ci iwn‡gi `vq KZ n‡e †Zvgvi Dˇi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 10| wikv`, widvZ I wbdvZ G wZbRb wg‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU †gvevBj †dv‡bi e¨emvq KiwQj| Zviv e¨emv‡qi jf¨vsk mgnv‡i eÈb K‡i Ges mve©ÿwYK e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ widvZ gvwmK 10,000/= UvKv m¤§vbx cvb| wbdvZ m¤cÖwZ †m․w` Avi‡e PvKzixi Rb¨ hvIqvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i bv Rvwb‡q Zvi Ask †QvU fvB wmdvZ‡K n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i| K. GK gvwjKvbv e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. †Kv¤úvwbi wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DcwiD³ cÖwZôvb †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb?

3 N. wbdv‡Zi wm×v‡šÍi d‡j cÖwZôvbwU‡Z wK ai‡bi mgm¨v cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4

11| mvjgvb, Avigvb I Bgivb wZb fvB evevi KvQ †_‡K cÖvß A_© w`‡q †g․wLK mg‡RvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU †cvwëdvg© M‡o †Zv‡j| Aímg‡qi g‡a¨B Zv‡`i dvg©wU wekvj AvKv‡i iƒc †bq| dv‡g©i KvR wbqwgZfv‡e wZbfvB wg‡j †`Lvïbv Ki‡jI eo fvB mvjgvb‡K GKUz †ewk cwikªg Ki‡Z nq| wKš‧ eQi †k‡l AwR©Z gybvdv wZbfvB mgvb nv‡iB fvM K‡i †bq| Gfv‡e fvjB hvw”Qj Zv‡`i w`bKvj| mv¤cÖwZK gybvdvi A_©fvM Kiv‡K †K›`ª K‡i eofvB mvjgv‡bi mv‡_ †QvU fvB‡`i g‡bvgvwjb¨ n‡q e¨emvq †f‡½ hvIqvi Dcµg nq| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. Amxg `vq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K mvjgvb‡`i M‡o †Zvjv e¨emvq msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cvi¯úwiK m¤cÖxwZ eRvq †i‡L DÏxc‡Ki e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU Pvjy ivL‡Z n‡j Zv‡`i KiYxq Kx? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 12| `yB evÜex bvwejv I jvebx †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk wcVv •Zwi K‡i wewµi Rb¨ XvKvi †eBjx †iv‡W mgAs‡Ki cyuwR w`‡q GKwU e¨emvq †K›`ª M‡o †Zv‡j| wKQzw`b ci wcVv •Zwi Kv‡R cvi`k©x Av‡iK evÜex eykiv webv cyuwR‡Z Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvM w`‡j e¨emvq `ªæZ cÖmvi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K, hv Zv‡`i‡K cÖPzi gybvdv AR©‡bi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| eQi †k‡l Zviv AwR©Z gybvdvi Ask mgvbfv‡e fvM K‡i †bq| eZ©gv‡b Zv‡`i •Zwi wcVvi Pvwn`v cy‡iv knie¨vcx _vKvq Zviv ebvbx‡Z GKwU kvLv †Lvjvi wm×všÍ †bq| K. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kv‡K e‡j?

1 36

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ L. Pzw³cÎ Qvov Askx`vwi e¨emvq MVb Kiv hvq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡K eykiv †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. bvwejv‡`i e¨emv‡q bZzb kvLv †Lvjvi wm×všÍ wK mwVK? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki|

Askx`vwi e¨emvq 2 3 4

13| wZb eÜz wkcy, wecy I wUcy wjwLZ mg‡SvZvi fwˇZ GKwU †cvkvK KviLvbv cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q| kZ© Abyhvqx wkcy I wecy mgcwigvY cyuwR w`‡jI wUcy‡K †Kv‡bv cyuwR w`‡Z nqwb| GQvov wkcy I wecy e¨emv‡qi KvR wbqwgZ †`Lvïbv K‡i, wKš‧ wUcy‡K Zv Ki‡Z nq bv| eQi †k‡l gybvdvi Ask wZbRbB mgcwigvY cvq| m¤cÖwZ wkcy •ea Awfevmb wb‡q mcwiev‡i KvbvWv hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bq Ges e¨emvq †_‡K wbR Ask Zz‡j †bqvi Rb¨ Ab¨‡`i‡K †bvwUk Ki‡j e¨emv‡qi fwel¨r wb‡q Zviv wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o| K. Askx`vi †K? 1 L. e¨emv‡qi c„_K mËvnxbZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wUcy wK cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †Kv‡bv Askx`vi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D™¢~Z cwiw¯ wZ‡Z Askx`vi‡`i KiYxq Kx nIqv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³mn †jL| 4 14| `yB fvB kixd I bvwdR wjwLZ Pzw³i gva¨‡g XvKvi KjvevMv‡b DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß GKLÐ Rwg‡Z eûZj feb wbg©vY K‡i jvfevb nIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j| D³ Kv‡R cÖPzi gybvdv nIqvq cieZ©x‡Z Zvivi Zv‡`i dv‡g©i gva¨‡g AviI feb •Zwii wm×všÍ wb‡q XvKvi Gwjd¨v›U †iv‡W 12Zjv wewkó GKwU feb wbg©vY Ki‡Z wM‡q wecyj As‡Ki Avw_©K ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq| G‡Z †QvUfvB wbiærmvwnZ n‡q dvg©wU †f‡½ w`‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø m„wó nq| K. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb AvBb Øviv Askx`vwi e¨emvq MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq?

1 L. Askx`vwiZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eySv‡bv nq?

2 M. DÏxc‡Ki kixd‡`i M‡o †Zvjv cÖwZôvb‡K wK Askx`vwi msMVb ejv hv‡e? †M‡j †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`‡k cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi AvIZvq kixd‡`i msMVbwUi we‡jvcmvab Kx Dcv‡q n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 15| Òkvgm& †¯úvU©mÓ Gi ¯^Zv¡ waKvix Lv‡j` kvgm& Zvi `yB eÜz mRxe I Zvwb‡gi mnvqZv wb‡q XvKvi Gwjd¨v›U †iv‡W GKwU †¯úvU©m mvgMÖxi †`vKvb cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Qb| kvgm& mv‡ne‡K e¨emv‡qi Kv‡R cÖvqB e¨vs‡K †h‡Z nq| e¨vs‡K _vKvKvjxb mg‡q mwRe I Zvwbg wb‡R‡`i‡K Askx`vi cwiP‡q e¨emvwqK †jb‡`b Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv mieivnKvix‡`i mv‡_ Pzw³I m¤úv`b K‡i| m¤cÖwZ Zvwb‡gi mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z G ai‡bi GKwU Pzw³ m„ó RwUjZvq Rvwm© mieivnKvix cÖwZôvb Ò†¯úvU©m Uz‡WÓ Gi cvIbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z kvgm& A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡j D³ cÖwZôvb AvB‡bi Avkªq †bq| K. wbw`©ó Askx`vi Kx? 1 L. bvevjK wK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i?

2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Ôkvgm& †¯úvU©mÓ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki kvgm& mv‡ne KZ©„K Ò†¯úvU©m Uz‡WÓ Gi cvIbv cwi‡kv‡a A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv‡K Zzwg wK †h․w³K g‡b Ki? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 37

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq 16| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cvV †kl K‡i mRxe, Iqvwmg, myeªZ, ivdmvb, Avwmd †h․_fv‡e mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g GKwU evwqs nvDm cÖwZôv K‡i| Zviv mK‡j mgvbfv‡e g~jab Avbqb K‡i| Z‡e †gv‡k©` bv‡g Zv‡`i GK eÜz QvÎRxeb †_‡K G ai‡bi e¨emv‡q cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e RwoZ _vKvq mRxe, †gv‡k©`‡K e¨emv‡q Askx`vi nIqvi cÖ¯Íve †`q| †gv‡k©` †Kv‡bv cÖKvi g~jab wewb‡qvM bv Kivi k‡Z© Pzw³e× nq| mK‡ji mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq e¨emvq cÖPzi jvf n‡Z _v‡K| nVvr moK `yN©Ubvq Avwm‡di g„Zz¨ N‡U| GgZve¯ vq eÜziv gvbwmKfv‡e gyl‡o c‡o| K. evsjv‡`‡k KZ mv‡ji AvBb Øviv Askx`vwi msMVb MwVZ nq?

1 L. Pzw³cÎ Qvov Askx`vwi e¨emvq MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki †gv‡k©` †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mRxe I Zvi eÜz‡`i dvg©wUi fwel¨r Kx nIqv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³mn eywS‡q `vI| 4 17| 2005 mv‡ji 5 Ryb Zvwi‡L nvbœvb I nviæb †gmvm© fvB fvB A¨vÛ †Kvs bv‡g †ewWs †÷vi †Lv‡j| Pzw³ Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨‡K 50,000 UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i e¨emvq Kvh© Avi¤¢ K‡i| Pzw³i kZ© _v‡K †h, 2010 mv‡ji Ryb ch©šÍ e¨emvqwU cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cieZ©x‡Z hw` Askx`viMY m¤§Z nb Z‡e e¨emv‡qi †gqv` evov‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| D‡jøL¨ †h, wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ e¨emvq Kivi wm×všÍ †bqvi Kvi‡Y Zviv e¨emvqwU wbeÜb K‡i bv| 2010 mv‡ji Ryb bvMv` e¨emv‡q cÖPzi gybvdv AwR©Z nIqvq cieZ©x‡Z e¨emvqwU Pvjy ivLvi Rb¨ 2010 mv‡ji 10 Ryb Zvwi‡L cybivq nvbœvb I nviæb Pzw³ bevqb K‡i| D³ mg‡q Aek¨ DwKj eÜz kvwKj Zv‡`i‡K dvg©wU wbeÜb Kivi Rb¨ civgk© †`b| K. mxwgZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. bvevjK wK Askx`vi n‡Z cv‡i?

2 M. †gmvm© fvB fvB GÛ †Kvs Kx ai‡bi Askx`vwi e¨emvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvq m¤úwK©Z kvwK‡ji civg‡k©i †h․w³KZv Av‡Q Kx? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 18| wg. iæevBqv I Zvi eÜz Rvdi mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g GKwU dvg© cwiPvjbv K‡i AvmwQj| XvKv †_‡K e¨emvwqK Kv‡R Lyjbv hvIqvi c‡_ moK `yN©Ubvq Rvdi gvivZ¥Kfv‡e AvnZ nb| cieZ©x‡Z iæevBqvi m¤§wZµ‡g wZwb e¨emvq †_‡K Aemi MÖnY Kivi wm×vb †bb| Aek¨ e¨emvq wUwK‡q ivLvi ¯^v‡_© Rvdi mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j widvZ (16) †K e¨emv‡q hy³ Kivi Rb¨ iæevBqv Aby‡iva K‡ib| K. Pzw³cÎ Kx? 1 L. cÖwZeÜ Askx`vi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. iæevBqv I Zvi eÜz †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. widvZ AvBbMZfv‡e D³ dvg©wUi m`m¨ n‡Z cvi‡e wK? cvV¨cy¯Í‡K AwR©Z Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K welqwU g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 19| mygv, iægv I Szgv 2006 mvj †_‡K mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g e¨emvq KiwQj| e¨emv‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡K 2,00,000 UvKv g~jab mieivn K‡i| †ek K‡qK eQi Zv‡`i e¨emvq fvjfv‡eB PjwQj| wKš‧ 2011 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m iægv nVvr we‡`‡k hvIqvi wm×všÍ †bq Ges Aci `yÕRb‡K bv Rvwb‡q Zvi AskUzKz †ebyi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i| G‡Z Zv‡`i gv‡S Pig gZwe‡iva m„wó nq| cieZ©x‡Z mygv cÖwZôvb †_‡K P‡j hvIqvi wm×všÍ wb‡j dvg©wUi fwel¨r AwbwðZ n‡q c‡o| 38

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Askx`vwi e¨emvq K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. Askx`vwi‡Z¡i m„wó nq Kxfv‡e?

2 M. mygv I Zvi `yB eÜz †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb MVb K‡iwQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D™¢yZ mgm¨v wbim‡b m`m¨MY †Kvb ai‡bi e¨e¯ v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 20| ivg I iwng GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi mgvb Askx`vi| cÖwZôv‡bi AvqZb evov‡bvi Rb¨ Zviv ingvb‡K e¨emv‡qi mgvb Askx`vi Ki‡Z PvB‡j ingvb e¨emv‡q 2 jÿ UvKv cyuwR wewb‡qvM Ki‡e Z‡e cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e bv Ges Zvi `vq H g~ja‡bi †ewk n‡e bv k‡Z© Askx`vi wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb Kij| 2 eQi ci ivg I ingvb DfqB Av`vjZ KZ©„K †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ nq| (K) Askx`vix e¨emv‡qi g~j wfwË Kx? 1 (L) Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wbeÜb Kx eva¨Zvg~jK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ingvb †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) Av`vj‡Zi iv‡qi c‡i e¨emvqwUi cwiYwZ Kx n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 21| 2007 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Kvgvj, Kvjvg I Rvwgj mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g~jab 20,000 UvKv K‡i| 2008 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Rvwg‡ji g„Zz¨i ci Zvi 15 eQ‡ii Kb¨v Rvwgjv‡K e¨emv‡q m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z Kvgvj I Kvjvg m¤§Z n‡jv| 2008 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L e¨emv‡qi gybvdv Lye mvgvb¨B n‡jv| 2009 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L Kvgvj †`Dwjqv †NvwlZ n‡jv| ZLb e¨emv‡qi `v‡qi cwigvY 90,000 UvKv| (K) mxwgZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 (L) GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq cÖwkÿ‡Yi Dchy³ †ÿÎeY©bv K‡iv| 2 (M) 2008 mv‡ji 31 †k wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L Rwgjv †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) 2009 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvwi Zvwi‡L mg¯Í `vq-`vwqZ¡ Kvjv‡gi Ici eZ©vq| e³e¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 22| Rbve BKevj Zvi wbR¯^ cyuwR w`‡q GKwU †QvU Mv‡g©›Um cÖwZôv K‡ib| wKšÍy ¯^í cyuwRi Kvi‡Y e¨emv‡q mvdj¨ jv‡f e¨_© n‡q eÜz Rbve Avwid‡K Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wb‡Z AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| Rbve Avwid †Kej g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©‡bi k‡Z© Pzw³‡Z Ave× nb Ges kZ© †gvZv‡eK g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡ib| wKšÍy e¨emv‡q wKQzw`b ci Rbve BKevj †`Dwjqv n‡q c‡ob| (K) e¨emvq Kx? 1 (L) GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Awmg`v‡qi •ØZ myweav ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) Rbve Avwid †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨emvqwUi we‡jvcmvab NU‡e Kx? †Zvgvi cwVZ wel‡qi Av‡jv‡K gZvgZ `vI| 4

39

4_© Aa¨vq

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb Company Organization

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: cÖvq GK `kK e¨emvq K‡i mdj e¨emvqx mygb Zvi `yÕeÜz ivRb I †gvnb‡K wb‡q wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤úbœ GKwU e¨emvq MV‡bi wm×všÍ †bb| Zviv G wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq civg‡k©i Rb¨ Zv‡`i c~e© cwiwPZ kn‡ii wewkó Mv‡g©›Um e¨emvq Rbve dRjyj Kwi‡gi kiYvcbœ nb| dRjyj Kwi‡gi civgk© †gvZv‡eK cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjcÎ •Zwi K‡i †Kv¤úvwb †iwR÷ªv‡ii Kv‡Q Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ hvb| †iwR÷ªv‡ii Aby‡gv`b cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i †`b| K. †Kv¤úvwb msMVb Kx? 1 L. †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi ÕK…wÎg mË¡vÕ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mygb, ivRb I †gvnb‡`i cÖwZwôZ e¨emvq msMVb †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ómygb, ivRb I †gvnb‡`i e¨emvqwUi MVb cÖwµqvwU A‡cÿvK…Z RwUjÓ- Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. KwZcq e¨w³ †¯^”Qvq gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi gva¨‡g wbewÜZ n‡q †h e¨emvq MVb K‡i Zv‡K †Kv¤úvwb msMVb ev †Kv¤úvwb ejv nq| L. ÔK…wÎg mË¡vÕ n‡jv †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| ÔK…wÎg mË¡vÕ ej‡Z e¨w³ bv n‡qI †Kv¤úvwb msMVb e¨w³i b¨vq gh©v`v I AwaKvi jvf‡K eySvq| K…wÎg mËvi Kvi‡Y †Kv¤úvwb wbR bv‡g cwiwPwZ n‡Z, †jb‡`b Ki‡Z, Pzw³ Ki‡Z ev e¨w³i b¨vq AwaKvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| M. mygb, ivRb I †gvn‡bi e¨emv cÖwZôvbwU nj cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| G ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡b me©wbgœ m`m¨ msL¨v 2 Rb, m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v 50 Rb n‡q _v‡K| Rbmvavi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi wewµi Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z cv‡i bv Ges wbeÜb cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨emvq ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨emv‡q m`m¨ msL¨v gvÎ 3 Rb| hviv wb‡RivB g~ja‡bi †hvMvb †`q Ges wbeÜb cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨emvq ïiæ nq| ZvB ejv hvq mygb, ivRb I †gvn‡bi e¨emv cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| N. GKgvwjKvbv I Askx`vwi msMV‡bi Zzjbvq †Kv¤úvwb msMV‡bi MVb cÖYvwj RwUj| KviY ¯^xK…Z I AvBbm„ó G msMVbwU AvB‡bi wba©vwiZ cš’vq MwVZ nq| 1994 mv‡ji AvBb Abyhvqx msMVb MVb Ki‡Z n‡j K‡qKwU ch©vq AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| †hgb- (1) D‡`¨vM MÖnY ch©vq (2) `wjjcÎ cÖYqb ch©vq (3) wbeÜb ch©vq I (4) Kvh©vi¤¢ ch©vq| Avi G ch©vq¸‡jv AwZµg K‡i †Kv¤úvwb msMVb MVb Kiv A‡cÿvK…Z RwUj I KwVb| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mygb, ivRb I †gvnb‡K †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| wewkó e¨emvqx dRjyj Kwi‡gi civgk©

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

†gvZv‡eK `wjjcÎ cÖ¯Z ‘ K‡i wbe܇Ki Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges me©‡k‡l wbeÜb cvIqvi ci e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| Avi G †_‡KB eySv hvq †h, mygb, ivRb I †gvn‡bi e¨emvqwUi MVb cÖwµqv A‡cÿvK…Z RwUj| ‡h `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi bvg, wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, g~jab, `vq BZ¨vw` D‡jøL _v‡K Zv‡K ¯§viK wjwc e‡j| G‡K †Kv¤úvwbi MVbZš¿I ejv nq| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: PQR †Kv¤úvbxi cwiPvjK cl©` `yBwU mgm¨v wb‡q wPwšÍZ| cÖ_gZ: GKRb cwiPvjK wPwKrmvi Rb¨ 4 gvm hver we‡`‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb| wØZxqZ: mvaviY †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i jf¨vs‡ki cÖZ¨vkv, hv msiwÿZ Znwe‡ji eZ©gvb ch©vß w¯’wZ 20 †KvwU UvKv ‡_‡K c~iY Kiv hvq| mgm¨v n‡”Q, GB UvKv cÖwZôvb m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ `iKvi| mvaviY †kqvi msL¨v evov‡bv m¤¢e n‡jI bZzb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i Kv‡Q †kqvi wewµ cÖvwZôvwbK ¯^v‡_© GB gyn~‡Z© Kvg¨ bq| K. b~¨bZg Puv`v Kx? 1 L. cwiPvjK‡`i †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. cwiPvjK cl©` KZ©„K wb‡qvMK…Z Rbve X †Kvb ai‡Yi cwiPvjK? 3 N. eZ©gvb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ †evbvm †kqvi Bmy¨i †hŠw³KZv wbiƒcY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi weavb Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwb MVbKvjxb cÖv_wgK LiP, †Kv‡bv m¤úwË µ‡qi g~j¨, PjwZ g~jab Ges Ab¨vb¨ Avbylvw½K Li‡Pi Rb¨ cÖeZ©KMY †kqvi wewµ K‡i †h wbw`©ó cwigvY g~jab msMÖ‡ni cÖwZkÖæwZ ¯§viKwjwc I weeiYxc‡Î w`‡q _v‡K Zv‡K b~¨bZg Puv`v ev g~jab e‡j| L. †Kv¤úvwbi msNwewa‡Z ev cwi‡gj wbqgvejx‡Z cwiPvjK nIqvi Rb¨ hw` b~¨bZg wbw`©ó cwigvY †kqvi _vKv Avek¨K K‡i †`qv nq Z‡e D³ cwigvY †kqvi‡K cwiPvjK‡`i †hvM¨Zv m~PK †kqvi e‡j| Giƒc cwigvY †kqvi KviI bv _vK‡j Ges wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ †m Zv wKb‡Z e¨_© n‡j D³ cwiPvjK c` Avcbv Avcwb k~b¨ n‡q hvq Ges byZb cwiPvjK wb‡qv‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| M. cwiPvjK cl©` KZ©„K wb‡qvMK…Z Rbve X GKRb weKí cwiPvjK| cwiPvjKMY msNwewa ev †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i mfvi wm×všÍµ‡g †Kv‡bv cwiPvj‡Ki Abycw¯’wZKvjxb mg‡q †h‡Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K weKí cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, PQR †Kv¤úvbxi GKRb cwiPvjK wPwKrmvi Rb¨ 4 gvm hver we‡`‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb| mgm¨v mgvav‡b cwiPvjK cl©` msNwewa Abyhvqx Rbve X †K mvgwqKfv‡e cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`b| †Kv‡bv cwiPvjK‡`i Abycw¯’wZKvjxb mg‡q †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i mfvi wm×všÍµ‡g hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K mvgwqKfv‡e cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`qv nq Z‡e Zv‡K weKí cwiPvjK ejv nq| myZivs Rbve X GKRb weKí cwiPvjK| N. eZ©gvb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ †evbvm †kqvi Bmy¨ †hŠw³K| 41

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb †Kv¤úvwbi AwR©Z gybvdvi meUzKz †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ jf¨vsk wn‡m‡e eÈb bv K‡i msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Zv Rgv ivLv nq| mwÂwZ Znwe‡ji cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j Ges PjwZ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j cwiPvjbv cwil‡`i wm×všÍ †gvZv‡eK D³ Znwe‡ji A_© g~ja‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges Zvi wecix‡Z †kqvi gvwjK‡`i cÖ`Ë †kqvi n‡jv †evbvm †kqvi| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q PQR cÖwZôvb m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ UvKv `iKvi| mvaviY †kqvi msL¨v evov‡bv m¤¢e n‡jI bZzb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i Kv‡Q †kqvi wewµ GB gyn~‡Z© Kvg¨ bq| G‡ÿ‡Î PQR †Kv¤úvwb †evbvm †kqvi Bmy¨i gva¨‡g jf¨vsk cÖ`vb I e¨emvq m¤úªmviY GKB mv‡_ Ki‡Z cv‡i| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq eZ©gvb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ PQR †Kv¤úvbxi †evbvm †kqvi Bmy¨ ‡hŠw³K| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. wKewiqv 17 Rb D‡`¨v³v Ges 10 †KvwU cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab wb‡q Gwe G›UvicÖvBR bvgK GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zy‡jb hvi Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab 50 †KvwU UvKv| e¨emvq ïiæi cÖvq 2 eQi c‡i wg. gvnZve bvgK GKRb m`m¨ Zvi †kqvi mšÍv‡bi bv‡g n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z †P‡qI cv‡ibwb| Ab¨w`‡K wg. Beªvwng 7 Rb D‡`¨v³v GKwÎZ n‡q GKwU msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z †kqvi g~jab e„w× K‡ib| PZz_© eQ‡i e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab 100 †KvwU UvKv †_‡K 200 †KvwU UvKvq e„w×i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j evwl©K mvaviYmfv ch©šÍ Zv‡`i A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq| K. cwi‡gj wbqgvejx Kx? 1 L. †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. wKewiqv‡`i e¨emvq msMVbwUi mv‡_ †Kvb e¨emvq msMV‡bi mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z DÏxcK‡K DwjøwLZ msMVb `ywUi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi f~wgKv AZ¨vwaK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj n‡jv †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqg-bxwZi `wjj| L. †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv ej‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi D‡`¨v³v ev cwiPvjK‡`i †kqvi Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb ev cwiPvj‡Ki wbKU †kqvi weµq ev ¯’vbvšÍi‡K eySvq| cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq wKš‘ cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq bv| M. wg. wKewiqv‡`i e¨emvq msMVbwUi mv‡_ cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi mv`„k¨ cvIqv hvq| KviY cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb g~jab Aí n‡q _v‡K| G ai‡bi cÖwZôvb m`m¨ Qvov Ab¨ KvD‡K †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| fwel¨Z g~jab e„w× Ki‡Z n‡j evB‡ii Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb n‡Z g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GB e¨emvq MV‡b AvBbMZ †Zgb Sv‡gjv †bB I AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZv Kg| GB e¨emv‡q †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿ m¤úK© M‡o I‡V| DÏxc‡K wg. wKewiqvi msMVbwU‡Z 17 Rb m`‡m¨i D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| `yB eQi ci wg. gvnZve bvgK GKRb m`m¨ Zvi †kqvi mšÍv‡bi bv‡g n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z †P‡qI cv‡i wb| G †_‡K eySv hvq †h, GwU GKwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| 42

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

N. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ msMVb `ywUi g‡a¨ cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi f~wgKv AZ¨vwaK| KviY cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb GKwU e„n`vqZb e¨emv cÖwZôvb| GB cÖwZôv‡b wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY †ewk| cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb DbœZ cÖhyw³ I Kjv‡KŠkj e¨envi K‡i †`‡k Drcv`b e„wׇZ f~wgKv iv‡L| Giƒc cÖwZôv‡bi Avw_©K m½wZ †ewk nIqvq Zv wewfbœ M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡ cvjb K‡i cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb| †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv bZzb bZzb mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb MVb Kivq bZzb Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM N‡U| G‡Z †eKvi mgm¨vi ïay mgvavb nq bv gv_vwcQz AvqI e„w× cvq| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: iwng cvuPjÿ UvKv wb‡q XvKvi avbgwÛ‡Z GKwU †i÷z‡i›U e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| †µZvi Pvwn`vi K_v we‡ePbv K‡i †m ebvbx‡Z e¨emv‡qi Av‡iKwU kvLv †Lvjvi wm×všÍ †bq, wKš‘ cyuwRi Afv‡e wcwQ‡q Av‡m| nVvr GK AwMœKv‡Û Zvi e¨emv‡qi e¨vcK ÿwZ nq Ges †`bv cwi‡kv‡ai ci wZwb ch©vß cyuwR e¨emv‡q mieivn Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| †m mgq iwn‡gi GK eÜz wjwLZ mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g cyuwR mieivn K‡i| cieZ©x K‡qK eQ‡i XvKvi K‡qKwU cÖwm× GjvKvq Zviv kvLv †Lv‡jb| GK ch©v‡q Zv‡`i e¨emv‡q †jvKmvb nq| iwng I Zvi eÜz Zv‡`i e¨emvwqK †`bv cwi‡kva Kivi ci iwng †`‡Lb †h wZwb ¯^qsm¤úbœfv‡e wb‡R Av‡iKwU e¨emvq ïiæ Ki‡Z mÿg| K. †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb wbeÜb cÎ cvIqvi ci ciB e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z cv‡i?

1 L. ¯’vqx g~jab ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. iwn‡gi cÖ_g ch©v‡q e¨emv‡qi mvsMVwbK aiYwU Kx e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜzi mv‡_ Rbve iwn‡gi e¨emvq Kivi wm×všÍwU wK mwVK wQj? DÏxc‡ci Av‡jv‡K Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wbeÜb cÎ cvIqvi ci ciB e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z cv‡i| L. cÖwZôvb e¨emvwqK Kg©Kv‡Ði Rb¨ `vjvb, KjKâv BZ¨vw` DcKiY ¯’vqxfv‡e µq Ki‡Z †h g~jab e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K ¯’vqx g~jab e‡j| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, iwng †i÷z‡i‡›Ui Rb¨ AvmevecÎ µq K‡i‡Qb I Lvevi •Zwii Rb¨ gq`v, gyiMx µq K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b AvmevecÎ µq Ki‡Z ¯’vqxg~jab e¨envi n‡q‡Q| M. iwn‡gi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi e¨emv‡qi aiYwU GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi| iwng cvuP jÿ UvKv w`‡q GKjv GKwU †i÷z‡i›U e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| GKRb gvÎ gvwj‡Ki Øviv MwVZ, cwiPvwjZ e¨emvq‡K GKgvwjKvbv msMVb e‡j| myZivs iwn‡gi e¨emvqI GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi Gai‡bi GKRb gvÎ gvwjK _v‡K| wZwb GKvB e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ g~jab Av‡bb, e¨emvq MVb K‡i cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G RvZxq e¨emv‡qi jvf †jvKmvb, `vq-`vwqZ¡ meB gvwj‡Ki GKvi c‡ÿ enb Ki‡Z nq| gvwjK ¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i Gi m¤cÖmvi‡Y wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib| iwng cieZ©x‡Z Zvi e¨emv‡qi aiY cvwë‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖ_g ch©v‡qi e¨emvqwU wZwb GKgvwjKvbvi ai‡bi MVb K‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡K G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| 43

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

N. eÜzi mv‡_ Rbve iwn‡gi e¨emvq Kivi wm×všÍwU mwVK wQ‡jv e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| iwng cÖ_g ch©v‡q GKgvwjKvbvi wfwˇZ Zvi e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| †fv³vi Pvwn`v _vKv m‡Ë¡I g~jab bv _vKvq wZwb Av‡iKwU kvLv Lyj‡Z cv‡ib wb| wKš‘ g~jab †hvMv‡bi gva¨‡g AwMœKv‡Ði wech©q KvwU‡qI K‡qKwU ¯’v‡b e¨emv‡qi kvLv Ly‡j g~ja‡bi msKU n‡Z DËiY jvf K‡ib| iwn‡gi e¨emv‡q Pvwn`v _vKv m‡Ë¡I g~ja‡bi Afv‡e m¤cÖmviY nw”Qj bv| Avevi AwMœKv‡Ði wech©‡q †m wbt¯^ n‡q hvq| GKgvwjKvbvq gvwjK Qvov Ab¨ †KD cyuwR w`‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB wZwb Zvi eÜzi mv‡_ wjwLZ mg‡SvZvi gva¨‡g Zvi KvQ †_‡K cyuwR msMÖn K‡ib| d‡j wZwb K‡qKwU ¯’v‡b e¨emv‡qi kvLv ¯’vcb K‡ib| G‡ZI Zviv †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb nb| wZwb I Zvi eÜy Zv‡`i †`bv cwi‡kv‡ai ciI iwng wb‡R e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi mÿgZv AR©b K‡ib| cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi iwng Zvi eÜzi mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i cyuwR mieivn bv Ki‡j Zvi cÖv_wgK wech©q KvUv‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| e¨emv‡q Zvi Aw¯ÍZ¡I _vKZ bv| cieZ©x‡Z †jvKmvb n‡q‡Q, GUv wVK| wKš‘ †`bv cwi‡kv‡ai ciI bZzb e¨emvq Kivi †h cyuwR Zv wZwb AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb eÜzi mv‡_ e¨emv‡qi Kvi‡YB A_©vr Zvi GB wm×všÍwU mwVK wQ‡jv| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: A Zvi wZb eÜzmn 4 Rb wg‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Zv‡`i e¨emvq mdjZvq DØy× n‡q Y Zvi 2 mn‡hvwM‡K wb‡q ïay gvÎ wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤úbœ cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzj‡jb| 2 Rb cwiPvjK‡K wb‡q AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi d‡j e¨emv‡q AvkvZxZ jvf nq| (SESDP) K. †kqvi Kx? 1 L. FYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K 2q ch©v‡q ewY©Z e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb msMVb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. 1g I 2q ch©v‡qi e¨emv‡qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU A_©bxwZ‡Z AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †Kv¤úvwbi †gvU g~jab‡K wbw`©ó mgcwigvY g~‡j¨i †h ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K wef³ Kiv nq Zvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU GKK‡K †kqvi e‡j| L. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †h FY ¯^xK…wZcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i RbMY ev cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU n‡Z FY msMÖn K‡i Zv‡K FYcÎ e‡j| GB c‡Î FY MÖn‡Yi ¯^xK…wZi mv‡_ mv‡_ my‡`i nvi, F‡Yi †gqv` BZ¨vw` wewfbœ ai‡bi k‡Z©i D‡jøL _v‡K| Z‡e miKvwi I †emiKvwi cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb FYcÎ wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb cv‡i bv| M. DÏxc‡K 2q ch©v‡q ewY©Z e¨emvqwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi me©wbgœ m`m¨ msL¨v 2 Rb Ges m‡e©v”P 50 Rb| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb m`m¨ Qvov Ab¨‡`i wbKU †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| m`m¨ msL¨v mxwgZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Giƒc †Kv¤úvwb Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ÿz`ªvqZb cÖK…wZ‡Z M‡o I‡V| †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx MVb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cwiPvjbvi wewfbœ 44

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb ¯Í‡i G‡K AvBbMZ KovKwo n‡Z A‡bKUvB †invB †`qv nq| AvBb Abyhvqx GUv ¯^vaxb K…wÎg e¨w³¯^Ëvi gh©v`v †fvM K‡i Ges †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i `vq mxgve× _v‡K| DÏxcK Abyhvqx †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Y †gvU wZb Rb m`m¨ wb‡q `yB Rb cwiPvj‡Ki cwiPvjbvq ïaygvÎ wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡m¤úbœ cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| hv cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi w`‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| N. DÏxc‡K 1g ch©v‡q MwVZ cÖwZôvbwU Aswk`vix Ges 2q ch©v‡q MwVZ cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| Y Gi MwVZ cÖwZôvbwU e„n`vqbZb Ges wPišÍb Aw¯Í¡Z¡ m¤úbœ nIqvq cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi •ewkó¨ nIqvq A_©bxwZ‡Z AwaK Ae`vb ivLv m¤¢e| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Askx`vwi msMV‡bi Zzjbvq e„nr n‡q _v‡K| GB †Kv¤úvwbi g~jab †ewk n‡q _v‡K| AwaK m`m¨ I g~jab †ekx nIqvq e„nr Drcv`‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K| AvB‡bi gva¨‡g MwVZ nq e‡j GwU wPi¯’vqx Aw¯Í‡Z¡i AwaKvi cvq| †Kvb m`‡m¨i g„Zz¨, †`Dwjqv ev †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍ‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i we‡jvc N‡U bv| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e„n`vqZb e¨emvq cÖwZôvb nIqvq e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y bZzb bZzb cÖwZôvb m„wói gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i| G‡Z †eKvi mgm¨vi mgvavb nq| GKUv †`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi AwaKvskB Av‡m e¨emvq cÖwZôvb n‡Z| Avi e¨emv‡qi wmsnfvMB ivR¯^ Av‡m †Kv¤úvwbi gva¨‡g| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv µgvMZ M‡elYv Pvwj‡q bZzb bZzb cY¨, †mev I c×wZi D™¢e NUvq| G‡Z RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ nq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wewfbœfv‡e †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Zvrch©c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. dvwng I Zvi eÜz Ô¯^cœ wejvmÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| Zv‡`i g~jab 8 †KvwU UvKv hv 100 UvKv g~‡j¨i 8 jÿ mvaviY †kqv‡i wef³| Zv‡`i e¨emv‡qi MVbZvwš¿K ¯^xK…wZ `vbKvix cÖwZôvbwU XvKvi 31, w`jKzkv GjvKvq Aew¯’Z| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b AviI 10 †KvwU UvKv cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ MVbMZ mxgve×Zvi Rb¨ Zviv ÷K gv‡K©‡U †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB Zviv fve‡Q cÖwZôv‡bi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b Ki‡e| K. mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb Kx? 1 L. †Kv¤úvwbi mmxg `vq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Ô¯^cœ wejvmÕ e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU ¯§viKwjwc cÖ¯Z ‘ Ki| 3 N. wKiƒc KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZôvbwU †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡e? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †h mKj †Kv¤úvwbi 50% Gi AwaK †kqv‡ii gvwjK Ab¨ †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡K mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| L. †h †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i `vq mxgve× _v‡K Zv‡K mmxg `vq m¤úbœ †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| †Kv¤úvwbi ¯§viKwjwci eY©bvbyhvqx †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i `vq Zv‡`i µqK…Z †kqv‡ii cwigvY Abyhvqx mxgve×| Z‡e Zv cÖwZkÖæwZe× g~‡j¨i ØvivI mxgve× n‡Z cv‡i| M. ¯^cœ wejvm e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi ¯§viKwjwc wb‡gœ cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nBj: 45

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

¯^cœ wejvm cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb ¯§viKwjwc [1994 mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abymv‡i cÖYxZ] 1. †Kv¤úvwbi bvg 2. †Kv¤úvwbi wVKvbv 3. D‡Ïk¨ 4. g~jab 5. `vq

: ¯^cœ wejvm cÖvB‡f&U wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb : 31, w`jKykv, XvKv-1000 : G‡R›U wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z ev Avg`vwbK…Z `ªe¨ weµ‡qi e¨e¯’v : 8 †KvwU UvKv hv 100 UvKv g~‡j¨i 8 j¶ †kqv‡i wef³ : †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨‡`i `vq †kqvi g~j¨ Øviv mxgve× _vK‡e

mv¶xM‡Yi bvg, wVKvbv, I ¯^v¶i 1. ...........................................

2. ...........................................

3. ...........................................

N. †Kv¤úvwbwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| †Kv¤úvwbwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ¯^cœ wejvm †Kv¤úvwb‡K cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii †ÿ‡Î AvBbMZ wKQz weavb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi 20 aviv Abyhvqx we‡kl cÖ¯Íve cv‡ki gva¨‡g cwi‡gj wbqgvewji cwieZ©b K‡i G‡Z bZzb wbqg ms‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cwi‡gj wbqgvewj cwieZ©‡bi wÎk w`‡bi g‡a¨ wbe܇Ki wbKU GKwU weeiYcÎ `vwLj Ki‡Z n‡e| †h‡nZz ¯^cœ wejvm †Kv¤úvwb‡Z 2 Rb cwiPvjK Av‡Q ZvB G‡K b~¨bZg 3 Rb cwiPvj‡K DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e| bv‡gi †ÿ‡Î cÖvB‡fU K_vwUi cwie‡Z© cvewjK wjL‡Z n‡e| myZivs DcwiD³fv‡e KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b K‡i ¯^cœwejvm †Kv¤úvwb‡K cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i †kqvi weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. wKewiqvmn 17 Rb D‡`¨v³v 10 †KvwU UvKv cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab wb‡q Gwe G›UvicÖvBR bvgK GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jb hvi Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab 50 †KvwU UvKv| e¨emvq ïiæi cÖvq 2 eQi c‡i wg. gvnZve bvgK GKRb m`m¨ Zvi mšÍv‡bi bv‡g n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z †P‡qI cv‡ibwb| Ab¨w`‡K wg. Beªvwngmn mvZRb D‡`¨v³ GKÎ n‡q GKwU msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z †kqvi †Q‡o g~jab e„w× K‡ib| PZz_© eQ‡i e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab 100 †KvwU UvKv †_‡K 200 †KvwU UvKvq e„w× cÖ‡qvRb n‡j evwl©K mvaviY mfv ch©š Í Zv‡`i A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq| K. ‡Kv¤úvbxi ÿgZvi ewnf~Z KvR Kx? 1 L. Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbywgZ cÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. wKewiqv‡`i e¨emvq msMVbwUi mv‡_ †Kvb e¨emvq msMV‡bi mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? eY©bv Ki| 3 46

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb N. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ msMVb `ywUi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi f~wgKv AZ¨waK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi K. †Kv¤úvwb ¯§viKwjwci evwn‡i †Kvb KvR bv Ki‡Z cvivB n‡jv ÿgZviewn©f~Z KvR| L.cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi †ejvq wbeÜbcÎ msMÖ‡ni ci cÖeZ©K‡`i †h MyiyZ¡c~Y© `wjj msMÖn Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbywgZ cÎ e‡j | G `wjj msM„nxZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ AÎ ‡Kv¤úvwb KvR ïiy Ki‡Z cv‡i bv | ‡Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi 50 aviv Abyhvqx wKQz `wjj cÎ wbe܇Ki wbKU Rgv w`‡q Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbywgZcÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq | M. wg. wKewiqv‡`i e¨emvq msMVbwUi mv‡_ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi mv`„k¨ Luy‡R cvIqv hvq| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv Ggb †Kv¤úvwb hvi m`m¨msL¨v me©wb¤œ `yB Ges m‡e©v”P 50 R‡b mxgve×, hvi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq Ges hv RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi I FYcÎ µ‡qi Avnevb Rvbv‡Z cv‡i bv| wg. wKewiqv 17 Rb D‡`¨v³v ev m`m¨ wb‡q e¨emvq ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| hv cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi •ewk‡ó¨ ewY©Z m`m¨ msL¨vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| bv‡gi mv‡_ Ôwjwg‡UWÕ kã †hvM bv Kivq Ges m`m¨ msL¨v wePv‡i G‡K †KD Askx`vwi e¨emvq g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab 10 †KvwU UvKv I Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab 50 †KvwU UvKv ejvq Zv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©| DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx GB e¨emv‡qi GKRb m`m¨ wg. gvnZve Zvi †kqvi mšÍv‡bi bv‡g n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z PvB‡jI cv‡iwb-GUv e‡j Zv †h cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †mwU wbwðZ n‡q‡Q| Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, DÏxc‡K bv‡gi mv‡_ wjwg‡UW kã e¨envi Kiv bv n‡jI mKj •ewkó¨ wePv‡i GwU cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. Beªvwng mvZRb D‡`¨v³v wb‡q †hB e¨emvq msMVbwU M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb Zv cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| wg. wKewiqv‡`i cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb A‡cÿv wg. Beªvwng‡`i cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z AwaK f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv Ggb †Kv¤úvwb hvi m`m¨ msL¨v b~b¨Zg 7 Ges m‡e©v”P msL¨v †Kv¤úvwbi ¯§viKwjwc‡Z ewY©Z †kqvi msL¨v Øviv mxgve×, hvi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍvi‡hvM¨ Ges RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi I FYcÎ µ‡qi Avnevb Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| wg. Beªvwngmn 7 Rb D‡`¨v³v e¨emvq ïiæ Kivq cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi b~b¨Zg m`m¨ msL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb c~iY n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L g~jab evwo‡q‡Qb Ges GK ch©v‡q Zv `yÕkZ †KvwU UvKvq DbœxZ K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b DÏxc‡Ki gva¨‡g `yÕk †KvwU UvKvq DbœxZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB †mLv‡b wb:m‡›`‡n AwaK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb N‡U‡Q| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨vi mxgve×Zv I bvbvb Kvi‡Y Zv Zzjbvg~jK wePv‡i ÿz`ªvqZb cÖK…wZ‡Z M‡o I‡V| hLb cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq| ZvB cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’v‡b AwaK f~wgKv ivL‡Z mÿg| 47

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

PZy_© Aa¨vq: †Kv¤úvwb msMVb Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| †mvbv wgqv I gby †Nvlvj `xN©w`b a‡i KwZcq kZ© †g‡b mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ e¨emvq Pvwj‡q G‡m‡Qb| MÛ‡Mvj nqwb| GLb wb‡Riv ey‡ov n‡q‡Qb| †Q‡jiv eo n‡q‡Q| ZvB fwel¨‡Z e¨emv‡qi Ae¯’v Kx n‡e GUv †f‡e Zviv DwØMœ| GRb¨ Zviv eÜz eKzj miKv‡ii Kv‡Q †Mj| wg. miKvi ej‡jb, †Zvgiv †h e¨emvq Ki‡Qv Zvi AvBbMZ wfwË LyeB `ye©j| ZvB Ggb cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jv hv wPišÍb cÖK…wZi n‡e Ges KviI Abycw¯’wZ‡ZI Zv wbR bv‡g Pj‡Z cvi‡e| K. †Kvb †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v 2 †_‡K 50 R‡b mxgve×?

1 L. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eÜziv `xN©w`b †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Pvwj‡q G‡m‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz eKzj miKv‡ii civgk© mKj we‡ePbvq hyw³hy³- e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| Rbve kvwKj, iæ‡ej I gÄyi wZb eÜz mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKUv Ilya †Kv¤úvwb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb AvR †_‡K `k eQi Av‡M| cÖwZôvbwU GLb A‡bK e‡ov n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`iB GKUv cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i gZB M‡o D‡VwQj| m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ mvgvb¨ welq †_‡K fyj †evSveywSi Kvi‡Y wKQzw`b n‡jv ïaygvÎ we‡jvcB bq eÜB n‡q †Mj| ZvB wZb eÜz Ggb e¨emvq M‡o †Zvjvi wm×všÍ wb‡jb †hLv‡b ZvivB m`m¨ _vK‡eb Ges cÖwZôvbwU wbR bv‡g cwiwPZ I cwiPvwjZ n‡e| K. †Kv¤úvwbi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †Kvb cÖK…wZi? 1 L. ¯§viKwjwc ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve kvwKj‡`i †`Lv cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wZb eÜz wg‡j bZzb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb Movi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wg. ivqnvb 7 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q ¯^vaxb e¨w³mËvm¤úbœ GKUv Mv‡g©›Um wkí M‡o Zz‡j A‡bKw`b a‡i mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ e¨emvq Pvjv‡”Qb| Zviv bZzb RvqMv wb‡q e‡ov K‡i †Kv¤úvwb m¤cÖmvi‡Yi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| Zviv Avkv Ki‡Qb evsjv‡`‡k Zviv Ab¨Zg e„n`vqZb Mv‡g©›Um wkí cÖwZôv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GRb¨ Zviv mvaviY mfvq cÖwZôv‡bi aib cwieZ©‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| GUv m¤úbœ n‡j Zviv RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kqvi weµ‡qi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z cvi‡eb| K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx? 1 L. b~¨bZg g~jab ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ivqnvb †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb cÖ_‡g MVb K‡iwQ‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`‡ki Ab¨Zg e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb Movi wPšÍvi mv‡_ wg. ivqnv‡bi byZb wm×všÍ MÖnY KZUv mvgÄm¨c~Y© g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 4| Rbve meyi `xN©w`b †QvU e¨emvq K‡i‡Qb| GLb eo cÖwZôvb Mo‡Z AvMÖnx| g‡bi gZ mvZRb D‡`¨v³vI †hvMvo K‡i‡Qb| bvgI wVK K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ †mRb¨ KZ©„c‡ÿi AbygwZ wb‡Z n‡e| h_vixwZ Av‡e`b K‡i Zv 48

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb cvIqvi ci GLb wdmn KvMRcÎ Rgv w`‡q Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq mb` cvIqvi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i‡Qb| GUv †c‡jB Zviv KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| K. †kqvi Kx? 1 L. wewae× †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve meyi‡K cÖ_‡g †Kvb cÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. G ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z n‡j AwaK AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡ZB n‡e- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 5| wg. miKvi 50 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi †Póv-Z`wei Ki‡Qb A‡bKw`b n‡jv| GKUv `wjj •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Av‡iKUv `wjj •Zwi bv Ki‡jI Pj‡e| †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi Zdwmj 1 G ewY©Z `wjjwU‡KB Zviv wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Rb¥ mb` †c‡jI Zviv KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| K. †kqvi gvwjKvbvi gyL¨ cÖvgvb¨ `wjj‡K Kx e‡j?

1 L. †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg I ¯^vaxb mËv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb `wjjwU c„_Kfv‡e •Zwii cÖ‡qvRb c‡owb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rb¥ mb` cvIqvi ciI DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z bv cvivi KviY g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 6| Rbve wKewiqv Avnvgwi eo‡jvK nIqvi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb bv| XvKvi gwZwS‡j gvSvwi †eZ‡bi PvKwi K‡ib| wKQz mgq n‡j †Kv¤úvwbi cÖv_wgK †kqvi µ‡qi Av‡e`b K‡ib| KLbI †kqvi evRvi †_‡K †m‡KÛvwi †kqvi †K‡bb| eQi †k‡l †Kv¤úvwbi mfvq `vIqvZ cvb| †mLv‡b †h‡q g‡b nq hZ †QvUB †nvK wZwbI e‡ov †Kv¤úvwbi GKRb gvwjK| †fvU †c‡j wZwb cwiPvjKI n‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib| K. †kqvi Kx? 1 L. weeiY cÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve wKewiqv †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi µq K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve wKewiqv aib wePv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi µq K‡ib? Zvi Rb¨ Giƒc †kqvi †Kvbvi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7| wg. Rvgvb GKRb m`¨ cvm Kiv AvwK©‡U±| fv‡jv PvKwi‡Z bv †h‡q GKjv dvg© w`‡q myweav Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| c‡i PvKwi‡Z †M‡jb| wKQz UvKv RyU‡jv| KÕRb eÜz GK‡Î e¨emvq Kivi civgk© w`j| cyuwR w`‡jb| wKš‘ GK mgq cyuwR‡Zv †MjB A‡b¨i `vqI wb‡Z n‡jv| ZvB GLb wZwb mZK©| e¨emvq Ki‡eb wVKB, Z‡e Zvi AvBbMZ wfwË _vK‡Z n‡e gReyZ| Avi A‡b¨i `vqI wb‡Z n‡e bv| PvKwiUv wVK _vK‡e| wZwb `vgx-`vgx †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi †K‡bb| evwl©K mvaviY mfvq hvb| LyeB fv‡jv jv‡M| K. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i cÖwZwbwa Kv‡`i ejv nq?

1 L. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Rvgvb‡K e¨emv‡qi †Kvb •ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y A‡b¨i `vq wb‡Z n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rvgv‡bi Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Zvi bZzb wewb‡qvM wPšÍv gvbvbmB n‡q‡Q- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 9| wg. †PŠayix 7 Rb eÜz‡K mv‡_ wb‡q K…wÎg e¨w³mËv wewkó †QvÆ GKUv Jla †Kv¤úvwb M‡owQ‡jb AvR †_‡K 15 eQi Av‡M| e¨emvq fv‡jv Kivq Gi m¤cÖmviY †hgwb N‡U‡Q †Zgwb †ek KÕRb wewb‡qvMKvixI Zv‡`i mv‡_ 49

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb G‡m †hvM w`‡q‡Qb| weMZ 5 eQi Av‡M Zviv evRv‡i †kqvi Qvovi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…wZ‡Z cwieZ©b G‡b‡Qb| GLb †h Kv‡R nvZ w`‡”Qb Zv‡ZB wewb‡qvMKvixiv ûgwo †L‡q co‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ GKUv nvmcvZvj I †gwWK¨vj K‡jR Pvjyi cÖwµqvq i‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi i‡q‡Q 51% †kqvi| K. Ae‡jLK †K? 1 L. ¯§viKwjwc ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. †PŠayix †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡i e¨emvq ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †h ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi wPšÍv wb‡q eÜziv G¸‡”Q Zv‡Z †`k‡K Zviv A‡bK wKQz w`‡Z cvi‡e- G e³‡e¨i †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 10| jÛ‡bi GKUv bvgKiv e„n`vqZb †Kv¤úvwb †ijMvwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ MwVZ nq| †Kv¤úvwbi mKj cwiPvjK me©m¤§wZµ‡g †ejwRqvg †_‡K †ijc_ µ‡qi Pzw³ K‡i| Giƒc Pzw³ Kivi mvg_©¨ †Kv¤úvwbi Av‡Q Kxbv- G wb‡q cÖkœ DV‡j Av`vjZ Pzw³wU ÿgZv ewnf©~Z e‡j evwZj K‡i| weÁ wePviK ivq e‡jb, †Kv¤úvwbi †h nvRv‡iv †kqvi‡nvìvi i‡q‡Q Zviv mevB wg‡j Giƒc wm×všÍ wb‡jI Zv AvBbvbyM n‡e bv, hZÿY bv h_vwbq‡g `wj‡j cwieZ©b Avbv n‡e| K. †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqg-bxwZi `wjj †KvbwU? 1 L. †Kv¤úvwb msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb `wj‡j cwieZ©b Avbvi wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q? Giƒc ejvi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 11| m`¨ weweG cvk Kiv mvZ eÜz †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Dc‡`óvi wbKU †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi AvMÖn Rvbv‡jb I KiYxq wb‡`©k Ki‡Z ej‡jb| Dc‡`óv ej‡jb, Zviv †h †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z Pv‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Z‡e `yÕwU `wjj •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wKQzUv mgq jvM‡e| eÜziv meï‡b mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ AvB‡bi AvbyôvwbKZvi evB‡iB GKUv cÖwZôvb Mo‡jb| K. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z mxgve× `vq Kx? 1 L. ¯§viKwjwc‡K †Kv¤úvwbi mb` ev msweavb ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mvZ eÜz wg‡j †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z ‡P‡qwQ‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eÜz‡`i bZzb cÖwZôvb Movi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 12| wg. mygb `xN©w`b GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq Pvjv‡jI c‡i e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi ¯^v‡_© `yÕRb eÜz‡K kwiKvbvi wfwˇZ e¨emv‡q †bqvi wPšÍv-fvebv K‡ib| G ch©v‡q Kx Kiv DwPZ n‡e- GRb¨ Zviv Zv‡`i cwiwPZ wg. iv‡qi ¯§iYvcbœ nb| wg. ivq e‡jb, †Zvgiv †hUv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qv Zv ¯^í mg‡qB Kiv hv‡e, wKš‘ Kó n‡jI wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡m¤úbœ e¨emvq MVb Kiv DËg| Zvi civgk© g‡Zv Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjj •Zwi K‡i †iwR÷ªv‡ii Kv‡Q hvb| †iwR÷ªvi Aby‡gv`b †`qvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Zviv e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib| K. †Kv¤úvwb msMVb Kx? 1 L. †Kv¤úvwbi wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. eÜz‡`i mv‡_ wg. mygb †h msMVb Mo‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zv‡`i cÖwZwôZ e¨emvq msMVbwUi cÖwZôv †ek RwUj- Zzwg Kx Gi mv‡_ GKgZ? Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 50

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

13| wg. gwjøK Zvi 3 Rb eÜz‡K wb‡q mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKUv e¨emvq M‡o †Zv‡jb| e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi myweav _vK‡jI AwaK cyuwR cÖ`v‡b mevi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi ksKv weivR Kivq Zv m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb| d‡j 10 Rb Kg©Pvixi cÖwZôvbwU‡K we`¨gvb Ae¯’v wb‡qB mš‘ó _vK‡Z nq| Zv‡`iB GKRb g¨v‡bRvi PvKwi †Q‡o 7 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i e¨emvq Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| e¨emvqwU fv‡jv Kivq wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨B bZzb †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i Zviv g~jab msMÖn K‡i| GLb †mLv‡b 50 Rb Kg©x KvR Ki‡Q| K. †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb‡K KvR ïiæi Rb¨ Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq?

1 L. FYcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eÜz‡`i m„ó e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki `yÕwU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvbwU Kg©ms¯’v‡b AwaK f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q? Gi KviY g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 14| 2009 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i PQR d¨vkb wjt Gi cwiPvjKMY †Kv¤úvwbi MVbZš¿ ms‡kvabK‡í mKj †kqvi‡nvìvi‡K wb‡q GKwU mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| D³ mfvi wm×všÍµ‡g †mv‡qUv‡ii cvkvcvwk bxUIq¨vi Drcv`b I ißvwbi K_v MVbZ‡š¿ mwbœ‡ewkZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z G wem‡q Av`vjZ wKsev mswkøó KZ©„c‡ÿi †Kv‡bv Aby‡gv`b †bqv nqwb| 2010 mv‡j †Kv¤úvwb †mv‡qUvi I bxUIq¨vi ißvwb K‡i cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b RKivq †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i‡K 30% wWwf‡WÛ Ges 5t1 †evbvm †kqvi †NvlYv K‡i| hv evRv‡i PQR d¨vkb wjt Gi †kqvi‡K g~j¨e„w×i ZvwjKvq kxl© cvuP-G ¯’vb K‡i †`q| nVvr, 2011 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m D³ †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh© cwieZ©‡bi welqwU †Kv¤úvwb wbe܇Ki bR‡i G‡j wbeÜK mywbw`©ó AvBbMZ c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| K. †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjK †K? 1 L. †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv¤úvwb weeiYxcÎ cÖPvi K‡i?

2 M. DÏxc‡K PQR d¨vkb wjt Gi MVbZš¿ cwieZ©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AbywôZ mfvwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D™¢yZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kv¤úvwb wbe›`K wn‡m‡e Zzwg PQR d¨vkb wjt Gi weiæ‡× Kx ai‡bi AvBbMZ e¨e¯’vi mycvwik Ki‡e?

4 15| wek¦we`¨vjq cvV †k‡l iÄb I Zvi 15 Rb eÜz GKwÎZ n‡q †hŠ_fv‡e g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i GKwU mxgve× `vq †Kv¤úvwb MVb Kivi cwiKíbv K‡i| Zviv wm×všÍ †bq †h, †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi evRv‡i wewµ bv K‡i wb‡RivB wK‡b †b‡e| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wbe܇Ki Awd‡m cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjcÎvw` Rgv w`‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ †Kv¤úvwbi bvg wbeÜb Kwi‡q †bq| AZtci e¨emvq Kvh© cwiKíbv ïiæ K‡i| Aí mg‡qi e¨eav‡b iÄb‡`i †Kv¤úvwbwU jvfRbK n‡q IVvi cvkvcvwk †ek mybvg AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg nq| GLb Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©µg AviI e„nr cwim‡i wb‡q hvIqvi j‡ÿ¨ evRv‡i †kqvi †Q‡o cyuwR e„w×i wm×všÍ †bq| Zviv Rv‡b †h, GRb¨ Zv‡`i‡K AviI wKQz AvBbMZ AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| K. D‡`¨v³v †K? 1 L. K…wÎg e¨w³mËv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K iÄb‡`i MwVZ †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. iÄb‡`i bZzb wm×všÍ e¨emvq †ÿ‡Î Zv‡`i‡K Kx ai‡bi evowZ myweav w`‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 51

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †Kv¤úvwb msMVb 16| 2011 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Ômy›`ieb wjtÕ GKwU mxwgZ `vq †Kv¤úvwb wn‡m‡e wbewÜZ nq Ges AvBbMZ mKj wewa weavb †g‡b 7 gvP© 2011 Zvwi‡L AvbyôvwbKfv‡e hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| Gici `xN©w`b AwZevwnZ n‡jI †Kv¤úwb m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv Z_¨ †kqvi †nvìvi‡`‡K bv †`qvq A‡bK †kqvi‡nvìvi †Kv¤úvwbi K‡c©v‡iU Awd‡m †hvMv‡hvM K‡i| wKš‘ †mLv‡bI †Kv‡bv m`yËi bv †c‡q ÿz× GKRb †kqvi‡nvìvi MZ 25 †g 2012 Zvwi‡L Av`vj‡Zi kiYvcbœ nq| mKj wKQz we‡ePbvq G‡b Av`vjZ D³ †Kv¤úvwbi we‡jvcmva‡bi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i| K. weeiYx cÎ Kx? 1 L. ¯§viKwjwc I cwi‡gj wbqgvewji g‡a¨ †KvbwU AwaK ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© Ges †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki my›`ieb wjt Gi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Av`vjZ KZ©„K my›`ieb wjt Gi we‡jvcmvab Gi wb‡`©k wK h_v_©? hyw³ `vI| 4 17| kvnxb Zvi KwZcq Wv³vi eÜz wb‡q †`‡k DbœZ wPwKrmv †mev wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU nvmcvZvj cÖwZôvi wm×všÍ †bq Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq AvbyôvwbKZv m¤ú‡bœi gva¨‡g wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq Zviv mxwgZfv‡e Kvh©i‡¤¢i cwiKíbv K‡i| Gÿ‡Î, AvBbMZ †Kv‡bv evav bv _vKvq Zviv †Kvb †kqvi evRv‡i wewµ bv K‡i AvZ¥xq¯^Rb I eÜzev܇ei wbKU wewµi wm×všÍ †bq| Avkv Kiv hvq, wb‡R‡`i AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póvq fwel¨‡Z nvmcvZvjwU wPwKrmv †mevi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡e| K. cvewjK wjt †Kv¤úvwbi b~¨bZg m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? 1 L. wbewÜZ †hŠ_g~jabx msMVb KZ cÖKvi? 2 M. cÖ¯vÍ weZ msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. fwel¨‡Z W. kvnxb I Zvi eÜziv wK msMVbwUi aib cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e? hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI| 4 18| RvnvR Drcv`bKvix wn‡m‡e 2006 mvj †_‡K Rvwei cÖvB‡fU wjt Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq| 2009-G AviI `ywU mgRvZxq †Kv¤úvwb evRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| wb‡gœ Rvwei cÖvt wjt Gi weMZ ermi¸‡jvi weµq m~PK †`qv n‡jv-

wewµ(wgwjqb UvKv)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

ermi

K. b~¨bZg g~jab Kx? L. †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. Rvwei cÖvB‡fU wjt Gi weµqm~PK m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi gZvgZ Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. †Kv¤úvwbi GKRb cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e †Zvgvi Kx KiYxq? hyw³mn eywS‡q `vI| 52

1 2 3 4

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

19| KBC wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh© cwiPvjbvi Ask wn‡m‡e wbqwgZ wewfbœ mfv Abyôvb K‡i _v‡K| m¤cÖwZ †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i‡K wb‡q GKwU mfv K·evRv‡i AbywôZ nq| G mfvq cwiPvjbv cl©` MVbmn 30% jf¨vsk cÖ`v‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| mfv Abyôvb †k‡l XvKv †divi c‡_ †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i envbKvix evmwU `yN©Ubvi K‡j c‡o Ges hvÎx‡`i KvD‡K RxweZ D×vi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| G‡Z KBC wjt Gi e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbv wb‡q mswkøó mK‡ji DwØMœ n‡q c‡o| K. †hŠ_g~jabx msMVb Kx? 1 L. wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i wbKU †hŠag~jabx msMVb AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ †Kb? 2 M. K·evRv‡i KBC wjt Gi †Kvb ai‡bi mfv AbywôZ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. KBC wjt Gi fwel¨r Kx n‡Z cv‡i? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 20| wg. ingvb we.G cvm K‡i 7 eÜz wg‡j GKwU wjt †Kvs MVb K‡i| `ªæZ mvdj¨ I gybvdv e„w×i Kvi‡Y e¨emv‡qi AvqZb e„w×i K_v fve‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡`i g~ja‡bi ¯^íZv evav n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| Aci w`‡K GKRb †kqvi †nvìvi Zvi †kqvi Z…Zxq c‡ÿi wbKU †ekx g~‡j¨ weµ‡qi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q wKš‘ AvBwb evavi Kvi‡Y cvi‡Q bv| K. cÖvt wjt †Kvs m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? 1 L. msN ¯§viK‡K †Kv¤úvbxi MVbZš¿ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DcwiD³ †Kv¤úvbxwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DcwiD³ †Kv¤úvbxi †h `ywU mgm¨v n‡q‡Q Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv hvq- e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 21| AvBwWqvj †Kv¤úvbx wjt GKwU cÖ_g †kªYxi e¨emv cÖwZôvb| `ÿZv I mybv‡gi mwnZ e¨emvq cwiPvjbv K‡i we‡`‡kI Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i evRvi m„wó Ki‡Z mvg_© nq| †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi A‡hvM¨ GB cÖwZôvbwU A_© msK‡U covi Kvi‡Y MVbZ‡š¿i aviv cwieZ©b K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡ib| K. †Kv¤úvbx msMVb Kx? 1 L. weeiY cÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †Kv¤úvbx †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb?

3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †Kv¤úvbxi ¯§viK wjwci aviv cwieZ©‡bi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 22| Rbve Lv‡j` I Zvi Qq eÜz GKwÎZ n‡q 60 †KvwU UvKv Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab wb‡q ingvwbqv †UªWvm© bv‡g GKwU e¨emvq msMVb MVb K‡ib| wKQzw`b ci e¨emvqwUi m¤cÖmvi‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡qI A_©ms¯’v‡bi mxwgZ my‡hv‡Mi Kvi‡Y e¨_© n‡q e¨emv‡qi aib cwieZ©‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡jb| evwl©K mvaviY mfvq wm×všÍ wb‡q Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab 120 †KvwU UvKvq DbœxZ Ki‡jb| AZtci †kqvi I FYcÎ Bmy¨i gva¨‡g g~jab e„w×i D‡`¨vM wb‡jb| K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx? 1 L. †Kv¤úvbxi we‡jvcmvab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. Rbve Lv‡j` I Zvi eÜz‡`i e¨emvq msMVbwU cÖ_g ch©v‡q †Kvb ai‡bi wQj- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨emvq msMVb `ywUi †KvbwU AwaKZi DËg- we‡kølY Ki| 4 53

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†Kv¤úvwb msMVb

23| Rbve ingvb I Zvi 10 Rb eÜz †`‡k I we‡`‡k e¨vcK Pvwn`v I ch©vß kªg myweavi †cÖwÿ‡Z PÆMÖvg kn‡ii AvMÖvev` G 11 jÿ UvKv e¨v‡q 1wU RyZvi d¨v±ix w`‡q 1g eQi †k‡l †Kvb gybvdv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI cieZ©x eQi †ek gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| c‡i D³ RyZvi KviLvbvwU‡K Õ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwbÕ bvg w`‡q wbeÜb Kwi‡q †bq Ges evRv‡i †kqvi weµq K‡ib| ZLb Zviv bZzb GKwU Drcv`b BDwbU Ly‡j we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwb Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| K. ¯§viKwjwc Kx? 1 L. weeiYcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. ÷vi myR †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D³ †Kv¤úvwbi we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwbi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 24. ÔAÕ Zvi wZb eÜzmn 4 Rb wg‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq ïiæ Kij| Zv‡`i e¨emvq mdjZvq DØy× n‡q ÔYÕ Zvi 2 mn‡hvwM‡K wb‡q ïay gvÎ wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤úbœ cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzj‡jb| 2 Rb cwiPvjK‡K wb‡q AK¬všÍ cwikª‡gi d‡j e¨emv‡q AvkvZxZ jvf nq| K. †kqvi Kx? 1 L. FYcÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K 2q ch©v‡q ewY©Z e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb msMVb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. 1g I 2q ch©v‡qi e¨emv‡qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU A_©bxwZ‡Z AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i? gZvgZ `vI| 4 25| A‡bK w`b a‡i wg. wc‡K ZvjyK`vi 60 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q GKwU †Kv¤úvbx MV‡bi †Póv K‡i hv‡”Qb| GKUv gyL¨ `wjj •Zwi K‡i‡Qb| wKšÍy Av‡iKwU `wj‡ji cwie‡Z© †Kv¤úvbx AvB‡bi Zdwmj 1 †K Zviv wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Rb¥ mb` †c‡jI Zviv evwYwR¨K Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| (K) ¯§viKwjwc Kx? 1 (L) †Kv¤úvbxi K…wÎg e¨w³mËv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K †Kvb `wjjwU c„_Kfv‡e •Zwii cÖ‡qvRb c‡owb e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU Rb¥mb` cvIqv m‡Ë¡I evwYwR¨K Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ Ki‡Z bv cvivi KviY Kx n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv| Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

54

5g Aa¨vq

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ Co-operative Organization or Association

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: mvfv‡ii AvKZvi wgqvmn 50 Rb wg‡j GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzj‡jb| 2 eQ‡i Zv‡`i g~jab `vuovq 20 jÿ UvKv| Z…Zxq eQ‡i †gvU jv‡fi 2,20,000.00 UvKv n‡Z 33,000.00 UvKv Zv‡`i msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Ges 11,000.00 UvKv Dbœqb Znwe‡j Rgv K‡ib| Aewkó UvKv m`m¨iv cÖ‡Z¨‡K mgvbfv‡M fvM K‡i wb‡jb Ges wb‡R‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq Av‡iv m‡Pó n‡jb| wKQz w`b ci msMV‡bi wbev©nx cwil` wbev©P‡b m`m¨iv wbi‡cÿfv‡e Zv‡`i †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM K‡i| GB wbev©P‡bi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i g‡a¨ mgvb¨ fyj †evSveywS m„wó n‡jI HK¨ AUzU wQ‡jv| K. †h․_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb Kx? 1 L. Ô†Kv¤úvwbi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wPišÍbÕ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. AvKZvi wgqv I Zvi mn‡hvMxMY †Kvb RvZxq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb?- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ `„p eÜb m„wó‡Z DÏxc‡K ewY©Z msMV‡bi †Kvb bxwZwU AwaK Kvh©Ki?-e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. K‡qKRb e¨w³ gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q †¯^”Qvq †h․_fv‡e g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i AvB‡bi AvIZvq †h e¨emvq msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K †h․_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| L. †Kv¤úvwbi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wPišÍb ej‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi AvBbMZ wfwˇK eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GwU AvBb Øviv m„ó K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡vi AwaKvix| †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g„Zy¨ ev †`Dwjqv‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y GwU wejyß nq bv| GgbwK mKj †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍ‡iI Gi wejywß N‡U bv| M. mgZvi wfwˇZ A_©‣bwZK ¯^v_©iÿvi Rb¨ mg‡kªwY ev †ckvfy³ K‡qKRb e¨w³ †¯^”Qvq GKwÎZ n‡q †h msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K mgevq msMVb e‡j| AvKZvi wgqv I Zvi mn‡hvMxMY mgevq msMVb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb| mgevq msMV‡bi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv m`m¨‡`i cvi¯úwiK Kj¨vY I Avw_©K mg„w× wbwðZ Kiv| G Rb¨ mgevq msMV‡bi AvB‡b i‡q‡Q e¨emv‡q AwR©Z jv‡fi meUzKz m`m¨‡`i gv‡S ew›UZ n‡e bv, eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Gi b~¨bZg 15% msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Ges 5% mgevq Dbœqb Znwe‡j Puv`v wn‡m‡e msiÿb K‡i evwK Ask mvaviY mfvi wm×všÍµ‡g Dcwewa Abyhvqx †kqvi MÖwnZv‡`i g‡a¨ ew›UZ n‡e| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, mvfv‡ii AvKZvi wgqv‡`i msMVbwU‡Z jv‡fi 2,20,000.00 UvKv n‡Z 15% (33,000.00 UvKv) msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Ges 5% (11,000.00 UvKv) Dbœqb Znwe‡j Rgv K‡i, ZvQvovI AvKZvi wgqv‡`i msMVbwUi m`m¨ msL¨v 50 Rb hv GB msMV‡bi me©wbgœ m`m¨msL¨v 20 R‡bi kZ© c~iY K‡i| AvKZvi wgqv‡`i msMVbwU mgevq mwgwZ MVb Kivi mg¯Í kZ© c~iY K‡i| ZvB GwU mgevq msMVb| N. m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ `„peÜb m„wó‡Z DÏxc‡K ewY©Z msMVbwUi GKZvi bxwZwU AwaK Kvh©Ki n‡e|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ

Avgiv Rvwb, `wi`ª I mggbv e¨w³MY fwel¨‡Zi Avkvq wb‡R‡`i mxwgZ mvg_©¨‡K GKwÎZ K‡i †hgwb mgevq MVb K‡i †Zgwb mdjZv jv‡f mKj Ae¯’vqB Gi m`m¨‡`i HK¨e× _vK‡Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki msMVbwU mgevq msMVb, mvfv‡ii AvKZvi wgqv 50 Rb‡K m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wb‡q †h e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib, Zv‡Z wZwb m`m¨‡`i Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ jv‡fi m¤úyY© Ask e›Ub bv K‡i 15% msiwÿZ Znwe‡j A_©vr 33,000.00 UvKv 5% Dbœqb Znwe‡j msiÿY K‡ib| G‡Z fwel¨‡Z Kj¨v‡Yi wPšÍvwU dz‡U D‡V| G †_‡KB eySv hvq GB msMVbwU ïaygvÎ g~bvdv AR©‡b e¨¯Í bv †_‡K fwel¨‡Z hw` m`m¨‡`i †Kvb mgm¨v nq Zvi Rb¨ A_© mÂq K‡i iv‡L| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, mgev‡qi m`m¨iv wbi‡cÿfv‡e Zv‡`i msMV‡bi wbe©vP‡b †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| wbe©vPb‡K wN‡i m`m¨‡`i gv‡S wKQzUv fyj †evSveywSi m„wó n‡jI cvi®úwiK Kj¨v‡Yi welqwU gv_vq †i‡L ÕGKZvB ejÕ G g~jg‡š¿ DØy× n‡q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ HK¨ AUzU iv‡L| G‡Z cÖZxqgvb nq †h, mgev‡qi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ `„peÜb m„wó‡Z GKZvi bxwZwU AwaK Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: mggbv 15 Rb wbiÿi K…lK GKwÎZ n‡q AvBb Abyhvqx ÔwbS©iÕ bv‡g GKwU msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb| wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’vi DbœwZi j‡ÿ¨ Zviv gybvdvq GKwU wbw`©ó Ask Rgv K‡i iv‡L, hv cieZ©x‡Z e¨emv‡qi g~jab wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| wKš‘ m`m¨‡`i AvšÍwiK †Póv _vKv m‡Ë¡I ÔwbS©iÕ msMVbwU mdjZv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K. 2001 mv‡ji AvBb †gvZv‡eK mgevq mwgwZi me©wbgœ m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? 1 L. mgevq mwgwZi Dcwewa e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ÔwbS©iÕ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔwbS©iÕ msMVbwUi mdjZv jv‡fi cÖavb AšÍivq we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. 2001 mv‡ji mgevq mwgwZ AvBb †gvZv‡eK me©wbgœ m`m¨ msL¨v 20 Rb| L. mgevq mwgwZ GKwU AvBb m„ó e¨emvq cÖwZôvb nIqvq GwU‡K mgevq Dcwewa •Zwi Ki‡Z nq| mgevq mwZwgZi bvg, wVKvbv, D‡Ïk¨, Kvh©vejx, g~ja‡bi cwigvY, †kqv‡ii msL¨v BZ¨vw` mKj wbqgKvbyb D‡jøL K‡i †h `jxj cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq Zv‡K mgevq Dcwewa •Zwi K‡i| mvsMVwbK KwgwU GB DcwewawU •Zwi K‡i _v‡K| M. ÔwbS©iÕ e¨emvq msMVbwU GKwU mgevq msMVb| ÔwbS©iÕ e¨emvq msMVbwU †K mggbv 15 Rb wbiÿi K…lK m`m¨ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©~³ n‡q‡Q| Zviv Av`k© Abyhvqx msMVbwU M‡o †Zv‡j| wb‡Ri Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ gybvdvi GKwU wbw`©ó Ask Rgv K‡i iv‡L, hv cieZ©x‡Z mydj wn‡m‡e Kv‡R jv‡M| DcwiD³ •ewkó¨ ¸‡jv Avgiv DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ÔwbS©iÕ msMVbwU‡Z †`L‡Z cvB| Gmg¯Í •ewk󨸇jv wg‡jB nq mgevq msMVb| mgevq Kgc‡ÿ 20 Rb m`m¨ mgev‡qi AvBb Abyhvq x cvi¯úwiK Kj¨vY mva‡bi wbwg‡Ë MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi ÔwbS©iÕ e¨emvq msMVbwU mgevq msMVb| N. ÔwbS©iÕ msMVbwUi mdjZv jv‡fi cÖavb AšÍivq wQ‡jv ch©vß g~ja‡bi Afve| 56

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ

wbS©i msMVbwU‡Z 15 Rb K…lK hviv wbiÿi I fvM¨ ewÂZ| mgevq m¤ú‡K© wKsev wb‡R‡`i mdjZv AR©‡b Zv‡`i AvšÍwiKZv _vK‡jI mwVK Ávb wQ‡jv bv| Zv‡`i g~ja‡bi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y gybvdvi Ask †fvM bv K‡i cÖwZôv‡b g~jab wn‡m‡e †i‡L w`‡Zv| wKš‘ Zvi c‡iI g~ja‡bi NvUwZ `~i n‡Zv bv| d‡j Zv‡`i Ae¯’v i †Kv‡bv DbœwZ nw”Qj bv| Avi Ggb msKUgq Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ Dcvq _vK‡jI wbiÿZvi Rb¨ †m DcvqI Zviv †ei Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| A_©vr ch©vß g~ja‡bi Afv‡ei Rb¨ Zviv mdj n‡Z cv‡i wb| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i nvZ †_‡K iÿv cvIqvi Rb¨ 2008 mv‡j Avjg bM‡ii ZvuZwkíxiv GKwU mgevq mwgwZ MVb Kij| 2010 mvj ch©šÍ Zv‡`i AwR©Z gybvdvi cwigvY wQj wbgœiƒc: 2009 2010 eQi  2008 gybvdv  20,000 25,000 30,000 Zviv wewae× b~¨bZg nv‡i mwÂZ Znwej msiÿY K‡i| 15,000 UvKvi GKwU bZzb ZvuZKj µ‡qi Rb¨ Zviv msiwÿZ Znwej e¨env‡ii wPšÍv Ki‡Q| K. Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZi msÁv `vI| 1 L. ÒGKZvB ejÓ Dw³wUi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki mwÂwZ Znwej n‡Z ZvuZKj µ‡qi mgy`q A‡_©i ms¯’vb n‡e? hyw³mn DËi `vI| 4 DËi: K. ÿz`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi KvwiMi, kªwgK ev ¯^íweËm¤úbœ Drcv`KMY e„n`vqZb Drcv`b myweav †fv‡Mi Rb¨ msNe× n‡q †m mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ e‡j| Giƒc mwgwZ e„n`vqZb µq, weµq I Drcv`b myweav †fvM K‡i weavq G‡ÿ‡Î ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i †`․ivZ¥ mn‡RB n«vm cvq| L. ÔGKZvB ejÕ bxwZwU mgevq mwgwZi g~j gš¿| mgevq GKwU wfbœ ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb nIqvqi Kvi‡Y mgv‡Ri ¯^íweËm¤úbœ gvby‡li wb‡R‡`i wkÿv, mvg_©¨ I `ÿZvi Afve _vKvi ciI A_©‣bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv I mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ AvB‡bi AvIZvq Giƒc e¨emvq MVb I cwiPvjbv K‡i| gvbyl‡K HK¨e× nIqvi †cÖiYv RvMÖZ K‡i Zv‡`i‡K msMwUZ Kivi Rb¨ mgevq mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq| †h‡nZz Gi m`m¨iv `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi GKwU Ask| myZivs Zv‡`i ÿgZvI mxwgZ I †QvU| wb‡R‡`i fvM¨ cwieZ©b I †QvU kw³‡K e„nr kw³‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z GKZve× n‡q KvR Kivi †Kvb weKí †bB| D‡jøL¨ mgev‡qi †ÿ‡Î welqUv we‡klfv‡e ejv n‡jI †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡ZI welqwU cÖ‡hvR¨| M. DÏxc‡Ki mgevq mwgwZwU Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ| 57

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ

Avgiv Rvwb, ÿz`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi KvwiMi, kªwgK ev ¯^íweËm¤úbœ Drcv`KMY e„n`vqZb Drcv`K myweav †fv‡Mi Rb¨ msNe× n‡q †h mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ e‡j| Giƒc mwgwZ e„n`vqZb µq, weµq I Drcv`b myweav †fvM K‡i weavq G‡ÿ‡Î ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i †`․ivZ¡¨ mn‡RB n«vm cvq| DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K `„wó w`‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i †`․iv‡Z¥¨i nvZ n‡Z iÿv cvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ KwZcq ZvuZwkíxiv mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, GwU GKwU Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ| N. mwÂwZ Znwej n‡Z ZvuZKj µ‡qi mgy`q A‡_©i ms¯’vb n‡e bv e‡j Avwg g‡b KiwQ| Avgiv Rvwb †h, mgev‡qi AwR©Z gybvdvi meUzKz m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ ewÈZ nq bv| eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e Gi b~¨bZg 15% msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Ges 5% mgevq Dbœqb Znwe‡ji Pvu`v wn‡m‡e msiÿY K‡i evKx Ask mvaviY mfvi wm×všÍµ‡g †kqvi MÖnxZv‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv nq| DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, 2008, 2009, 2010 mv‡j gybvdv n‡qwQj h_vµ‡g 20,000, 25,000 Ges 30,000 UvKv| Zviv wewae× b~b¨Zg nv‡i mwÂZ Znwe‡j Zv‡`i Rgv nq (20,000 + 25,000+30,000) Gi 15% = 75,000 Gi 15% = 11,250 UvKv| wKš‘ GKwU bZzb ZvuZKj µ‡qi Rb¨ Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb 15, 000 UvKv| myZivs DcwiD³ wnmve wbKv‡ki ci Avgiv GB wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ n‡Z cvwi †h, GKwU bZzb ZvuZKj µq Ki‡Z n‡j mwÂZ Znwej n‡Z mgy`q A_© e¨envi Kivi ciI Zv‡`i AviI AwZwi³ (15,000-11250) UvKv = 3,750 UvKv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

58

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ

5g Aa¨vq: mgevq msMV ev mwgwZ Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| e„‡U‡bi iP‡Wj bvgK GKUv MÖvg| ZvuZx‡`i evm| GKw`b mKv‡j ZvuZxiv †`L‡jv MÖv‡gi cv‡kB ZvuZKj e‡m‡Q| †mLv‡b †gwk‡b `ªæZ Kvco •Zwi nq| †gwk‡b •Zwi Kvco Kg`v‡g weµq nIqvq ZvuZx‡`i `yive¯’v| 28 Rb ZvuZx 1 cvDÛ K‡i Rgv w`‡q wb‡R‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Zviv M‡o Zzj‡jv bZzb e¨emvq msMVb| wb‡Riv †gwkb ewm‡q‡Q| wb‡RivB gvwjK I wb‡RivB cwiPvjK Ges wb‡RivB kªwgK| GKwÎZ n‡j `ye©‡jivI `uvov‡Z cv‡i- †mB wk¶v c„w_exi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i BwZnvm m„wó Ki‡jv ZvuZxiv| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. evwYR¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki ZvuZxiv †h bZzb e¨emvq msMV‡bi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ZvuZxiv †h BwZnvm m„wó Ki‡jv Zvi g~‡j †Kvb Av`k© KvR K‡i‡Q? Gi Kvh©KvwiZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 2| Zcy †U¤úy Pvjvq| Zvi g‡Zv 20 Rb m`m¨ †RvMvo K‡i †m GKUv e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| Gi D‡Ïk¨ Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvq †_‡K Avjv`v| Zviv AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb K‡i wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Q| miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv G‡m gv‡S-g‡a¨B Zv‡`i wnmve I LvZvcÎ †`‡L| bvbvb civgk© †`q| G‡Z Zv‡`i DcKvi nq| Kg©KZ©v‡`i civg‡k©i g~j e³e¨B n‡jv mevB wg‡j HK¨e× _vK‡j A‡bK wKQz Kiv m¤¢e| ev¯Í‡eI Zviv Gi bgybv †`L‡Q| GLb Zv‡`i 10Uv †U¤úy| Ab¨iv Zv‡`i †`‡L AbycÖvwYZ| K. e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 1 L. mgev‡qi mvg¨Zvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Zcyiv mvsMVwbK wePv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq mwgwZ M‡o Zz‡j‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kg©KZ©v‡`i civgk© mgev‡qi DbœwZ‡Z LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q- Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| mMxi GKUv ZvuZx mgevq mwgwZi m`m¨| Ab¨‡`i Zzjbvq †m weËevb| mwgwZ GK‡Î DcKiY wK‡b G‡b Zv mgevqx‡`i g‡a¨ weµq K‡i| mgev‡qi 10 j¶ UvKv †kqvi g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mMx‡ii GKvi g~jabB 2 j¶ UvKv| mMxi Pvq g~jab evwo‡q mgev‡qi KZ©„Z¡ wb‡Z| wKš‘ wbe©vP‡bi mgq meviB GK †fvU nIqvq Zvi wPšÍv †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Av‡mwb| Zv‡`i evwl©K gybvdv n‡qwQj 2 j¶ UvKv| Zv‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q 32 nvRvi UvKv| †m †ewk cv‡e †f‡ewQj| ZvB †m ¶z×| K. Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ Kx? 1 L. mgev‡qi g~jgš¿ †KvbwU Ges †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mgevqx‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GK‡fvU nIqvq mgev‡qi †Kvb bxwZi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mMx‡ii Kg gybvdv cvIqv Kx hyw³hy³? g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 4| Kexi MÖv‡gi evRv‡i gyw`i †`vKvb`vi| evRv‡i A‡bK †`vKvb`vi _vK‡jI Zv‡`i g‡a¨ bvbvb we‡iva I fyj †evSveywS| gnvRb‡`i wbKU †_‡K my‡` UvKv wb‡q A‡b‡KB wech©¯Í| Kexi fv‡e, mevB wg‡j Pj‡j A‡bK fv‡jv wKQz Kiv m¤¢e| nVvr evRv‡i Acivax‡`I Øviv `yÕRb †`vKvwb wbM„nxZ nIqvi NUbvq evRv‡ii mevB HK¨e× nq| Kexi GB my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mgevq mwgwZ M‡o †Zv‡j| Zviv GLb mÂq Rgv K‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡RivB GLb †_‡K FY †bq| AvcvZZ Gi g‡a¨B Zv‡`i KvR mxwgZ| 59

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ

K. cÖv_wgK mgevq mwgwZ‡Z b~¨bZg KZRb m`m¨ _vK‡Z nq?

L. eûgyLx mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. Kex‡ii mgevq MV‡bi c~e©eZ©x fvebv mgev‡qi †Kvb bxwZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki mgevqxiv †h mgevq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Zv Zv‡`i Rb¨ LyeB Dc‡hvMx n‡q‡Q- e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki|

1 2 3 4

5| wg. †kvfb GKRb ¯^í wkw¶Z K…lK| wZwb GjvKvi K…lK‡`i msMwVZ K‡i mgevq mwgwZ M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| GLv‡b K…lKiv mÂq Rgv K‡i, wb‡Riv FY †bq, RgvK…Z A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i Ges GK‡Î DcKiY msMÖn K‡i I mg‡q mg‡q Drcvw`Z mvgMÖx GK‡Î weµq K‡i| Zv‡`i mwgwZwU _vbv mgevq mwgwZi m`m¨| cÖwZ wZbeQi ci e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi wbe©vPb nq| G wb‡q fyj eySveywS hv‡Z bv nq G wb‡q wg. †kvfb ksKvq _v‡Kb| wZwb fv‡eb †Kv‡bv fv‡eB Zv‡`i kw³ †h‡bv `ye©j bv nq| K. mgev‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 1 L. mgevq mwgwZi Dcwewa ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mvsMVwbK ¯Íi wePv‡i DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq mwgwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. kw³ hv‡Z `ye©j bv nq- GUv ej‡Z wg. †kvfb †Kvb kw³‡K eywS‡q‡Qb? Zvi fvebvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| miKv‡ii Lvm Rwg‡Z M‡o †Zvjv nKvm© gv‡K©‡Ui e¨emvqx nvmy wgqv Ab¨ e¨emvqx‡`i wb‡q GKUv mgevq mwgwZ M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| G‡Z Zviv mÂq Rgv K‡i, FY †bq Ges RgvK…Z A_© wewfbœ Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM K‡i| gvwmK mfvq ïay mgevqB bq evRv‡ii bvbvb mgm¨vI Av‡jvPbvq D‡V Av‡m| bvbvb So SvcUv Zviv GK‡Î †gvKv‡ejv K‡i| wbe©vPb Nwb‡q G‡m‡Q| G wb‡q wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ bvbvb fyj eySveywSi m„wó n‡”Q| mgevq Kg©KZ©v G‡m ej‡jb, mgevq‡K hw` Avcbviv wbQK e¨emvq cÖwZôvb fv‡eb Z‡e fyj Ki‡eb| Gi g‡a¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q Avcbv‡`i kw³, mvnm I gh©v`v| K. mgevq mwgwZ Kx? 1 L. cÖv_wgK mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki e¨emvqxiv D‡Ïk¨ wePv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq mwgwZ M‡o Zz‡j‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mgevq Kg©KZ©v e‡j‡Qb, ÔGi g‡a¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q Avcbv‡`i kw³, mvnm I gh©v`vÕ- Zzwg Kx GB e³‡e¨i mv‡_ GKgZ? g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 7 | nvwZqvi P‡ii †R‡jiv gnvRb‡`i R¡vjvq AwZô| †h gvQ a‡i Zv Kg`v‡g gnvR‡bi Kv‡Q w`‡q †`q| †kl ch©šÍ evuPvi ZvwM‡` Zviv wb‡Riv wg‡j GKUv mgevq mwgwZ MVb Ki‡jv| GLv‡b Zviv Kó K‡i wKQz n‡jI Rgv K‡i| Gici wb‡R‡`i mwgwZ †_‡K wb‡RivB FY †bq| Zviv GK‡Î gvQ kn‡ii Avo‡Z cvVvq| G‡Z `vg †ewk cvq| Zv‡`i H‡K¨i kw³ GLb cv‡ki †R‡j cvov¸‡jv‡ZI `viæY Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i‡Q| K. mgev‡qi Dcwewa Kx? 1 L. µq mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki †R‡jiv m`m¨ wePv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cv‡ki †R‡o cvov¸‡jv‡Z mgev‡qi †Kvb Av`k© Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i‡Q? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 8| Kzwgjøvi wbgmv‡ii meRx we‡µZviv cv‡ki evRv‡i meRx weµq K‡i| G‡Z Zviv †Zgb `vg cvq bv| †ewk meRx evRv‡i G‡j weµq Kivq `y¯‥i n‡q c‡o| ZvB Zviv GKUv mgevq mwgwZ Movi wm×všÍ wbj| GB 60

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ mwgwZ‡Z UvKv Rwg‡q Zviv GKUv wgwb UªvK wKb‡jv| Uªv‡K mgevqx‡`i gvj GK‡Î wb‡q e‡ov evRv‡i weµq K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ mgevq Kg©KZ©v civgk© w`‡jb, Zviv XvKvq wb‡Riv GKUv †`vKvb Ly‡j †mLv‡b meRx weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i| GK mg‡q Zviv ZvB Ki‡jv| K. mgev‡qi g~jgš¿ Kx? 1 L. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki meRx we‡µZviv D‡Ïk¨ wePv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. XvKvq meRxi †`vKvb †Lvjvq mgevqx‡`i Avq †e‡o‡Q- Gi e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 9| †KivbxM‡Ä‡i 20 Rb ¶z`ª cv`yKv wkíx GKwÎZ n‡q GKUv mgevq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzj‡Z m¤§Z n‡jv| Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv, G‡¶‡Î cÖ‡Z¨‡K hvi hvi e¨emvq Ki‡e wVKB wKš‘ Zviv †h mevB GKg‡bi, GKg‡Zi- GB cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g ZviB cÖwZdjb NU‡e| gybvdv AR©‡bi PvB‡ZI Zviv mevi Av_©-mvgvwRK Kj¨vY Pvq| Zviv KiYxq wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Rbve gZz©Rvi civgk© PvB‡jv| Rbve gZ©yRv ej‡jb, G ai‡bi cÖwZôvb wbeÜb Ki‡Z nq Ges †m j‡¶¨ GKUv `wjj •Zwii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| GUv mwVKfv‡e †g‡b Pj‡jB GKg‡b I GKg‡Z _vKv mnR nq| K. mgev‡q AwR©Z gybvdvi m‡e©v”P KZ Ask mgevqx‡`i g‡a¨ e›Ub Kiv hvq?

1 L. GKZvB ej †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi g~jgš¿ eywS‡q e‡jv| 2 M. m`m¨ wePv‡i ¶z`ª cv`yKv wkíxiv †h mgevq M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve gZ©yRv Zv‡`i‡K †h `wjj •Zwi Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q Zvi bvg Kx? mgevqx‡`i c‡¶ Gi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki| 4 10| gyb †U·UvBj wg‡ji †M‡U Gi kªwgKiv wb‡R‡`i A‡_© m`m¨‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Kj¨v‡Yi K_v †f‡e GKUv wecwY M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| GLv‡b ZvivB gvwjK ZvivB †µZv| wb‡R‡`i ga¨ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU GwU Pvjvq| cÖwZ wZb eQi ci ci GB KwgwUi wbe©vPb nq| †kqvi g~jab hvi hv-B _vKzK bv †Kb mevB mgvbfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i| Zviv mevB G cÖwZôv‡bi Kvi‡Y bvbvfv‡e DcK…Z n‡”Q| K. mgevq cwiPvjbvi gyL¨ `wjj‡K Kx e‡j?

1 L. †K›`ªxq mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki kªwgKiv wbe©vP‡b mevB mgvbfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i- GUv mgev‡qi †Kvb bxwZi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mgevq M‡o kªwgKiv mevB DcK…Z n‡q‡Q- e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 11| †fvjvi gbcyivi †R‡jiv Zv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ GKUv mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i‡Q? 2011 mvj ch©šÍ Zv‡`i AwR©Z gybvdvi cwigvY wQj wbgœiƒc: eQi 2008 2009 2010 2011 gybvdv(UvKv) 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Zviv wewae× b~¨bZg nv‡i mwÂwZ Znwej msi¶Y K‡i| gvQ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ Zviv 20,000 UvKv e¨‡q AvBm e· •Zwii wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Ges G‡¶‡Î Zviv mwÂwZ Znwej Kv‡R jvMv‡Z Pv‡”Q| K. mgev‡qi Dcwewa Kx? 1 L. mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. m`m¨ wePv‡i DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg Kx g‡b Ki mwÂwZ Znwej n‡Z AvBm e· µ‡qi mg`yq A‡_©i ms¯’vb n‡e? hyw³mn DËi `vI| 4 61

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ

12| gvwbKM‡Äi iwgR wgqvmn 50 Rb wg‡j GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| 4_© eQ‡i Zv‡`i gybvdv AwR©Z nq 1,00,000 UvKv| AvBb Abyhvqx hvi 15,000 UvKv mwÂwZ Znwe‡j Ges 5,000 UvKv Dbœqb Znwe‡j Rgv K‡i evKxUv m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ g~jab Abycv‡Z fvM Kiv n‡”Q| 3q eQi †k‡l Zv‡`i g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 5,00,000 UvKv| GKRb m`‡m¨i g~jab wQj 10,000 UvKv| †m cy‡iv gybvdvi Ici fvM `vwe Ki‡jI G `vwe‡Z †KD KY©cvZ K‡iwb| K. wkí Kx? 1 L. e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki m`m¨ gybvdv wn‡m‡e KZ UvKv PvB‡Q? Zv‡K Kg †`qvi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 13| 2011 mv‡j Rbve wknve Zvi mggbv 15 Rb K…lK‡K wb‡q wbR¯^ g~jab e¨ZxZ 2,00,000 UvKv e¨vsK FY wb‡q Avjy Pvl K‡ib| AbyK~j AvenvIqv I cwiwgwZ mvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j Avjyi ev¤úvi djb nq| d‡j Zv‡`i gy‡L nvwm dzU‡jI A¯^vfvweK g~j¨ n«v‡mi d‡j Zviv nZvkvq wbgw¾Z nq| wKš‘ Zviv wbivk bv n‡q Zviv ¯’vbxq wngvMv‡i Dnv msi¶‡Yi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| K. Askx`vwi e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. mgev‡qi g~jgš¿ ÔGKZvB ejÕ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. †Kb wknve Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z Avjy wngvMv‡i msi¶‡Yi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i?

3 N. fwel¨r msKU wbim‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Kx ai‡bi c`‡¶c †bIqv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| hyw³ `vI| 4 14| †mvbvi Mvu‡qi iwng Ges Zvi 20 Rb eÜz wg‡j GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzj‡jv| e¨emv‡qi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Zviv wb‡R‡`i ga¨ †_‡K 9 Rb m`‡m¨i GKwU cwiPvjbv cwil` MVb Ki‡jv hvi †gqv` GK eQi| †h gybvdv Zviv jvf Ki‡e Zvi meUzKz eÈb bv K‡i wKQz Ask Rgv iv‡L Ges †jvKmvb n‡j †kqvi Abycv‡Z fvM 1

K‡i †bq& hvi hZwU B”Qv †kqvi wKb‡Z cvi‡e Z‡e Zv KLbB 5 As‡ki †ekx n‡e bv| K. Askx`vix msMVb Kx? L. †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³mËv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. iwng I Zvi eÜziv †h cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q Zv †Kvb ai‡bi eY©bv Ki| N. m`m¨‡`i †kqvi µ‡qi †¶‡Î †Kvb bxwZwU AwaK Kvh©Ki- e¨vL¨v Ki|

1 2 3 4

15| wmivRMÄ †Rjvi hgybv b`xi ZxieZ©x MÖv‡g †R‡jiv evmy‡`e nvj`v‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| AvniwZ grm¨ wbR †Rjvmn †`‡ki wewfbœ kn‡i b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ wewµq K‡i gybvdv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g Rxeb hvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡b HK¨gZ n‡jb| wKš‘ cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©vM (NywY©So I U‡Y©‡Wv) Zv‡`i grm¨ Avni‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx nj| K. Dcwewa Kx? 1 L. mgevq mwgwZ GKwU wfbœag©x cÖwZôvb- eywS‡q wjL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K evmy‡`e nvj`vi †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjvi D‡`¨vM wb‡jb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖwZK~j cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z DÏxc‡Ki msMV‡b †Kvb bxwZwU AwaK hyw³hy³ e‡j g‡b Ki| 4 16| eveyi nv‡Ui 50 Rb e¨emvqx bvbvgyLx D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Kj¨vYg~jK msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb| hv‡Z GKwÎZ n‡q AwaK Drcv`b I evRviRvZKiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| evRviRvZKiY Ki‡Z wM‡q ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i Kvi‡Y mgm¨vq 62

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ co‡jI cieZ©x‡Z `¶Zv m¤úbœ cwiPvjbv cl©` MVb K‡i evRvi `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g nb| hvi d‡j mKj m`m¨ A_©‣bwZK gyw³ I DbœZ Rxeb hvc‡b m¶g n‡q‡Q| K. 2001 mv‡ji AvB‡b MwVZ msMV‡bi bvg Kx? 1 L. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z msMVwb †Kvb cÖKv‡ii msMVb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki msMVbwU mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq¸‡jvi †h․w³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 17| A_© msKU, DbœZgv‡bi myZv I is Gi `y®cÖvc¨Zv, AW©vi msMÖ‡ni RwUjZv, g~j¨cÖvwßi AwbðqZv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y Rvg`vbx wk‡íi KvwiMi‡`i A‡b‡KB hLb †ckv cwieZ©‡b AvMÖnx- †m mgq iƒcM‡Äi mvgv` wgqv Zvi GjvKvi Rvg`vbx KvwiMi‡`i wb‡q GKwU msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j| m`m¨MY ¯^ ¯^ mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx †kqvi wK‡b 20 j¶ UvKv †hvMvb †`q| hv Zv‡`i‡Ki XvKvi †eBjx †iv‡W †kviæg Lyj‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov Zviv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ eybb, cwienY I weµq KvR fvM K‡i †bqvq mviv eQie¨vcx Zv‡`i msMV‡b Drcv`‡bi avivevwnKZv eRvq _v‡K| m`m¨‡`i ¯^vejw¤^Zv †`‡L †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ A‡jI GLb G ai‡bi AviI wKQz msMVb M‡o D‡V‡Q| K. mgevq Kx? 1 L. †K›`ªxq mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mvgv` wgqv‡`i msMV‡bi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq msMV‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ¯^ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K A_©‣bwZK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq DÏxc‡K ewY©Z msMVbmg~‡ni †Kv‡bv f~wgKv Av‡Q wK? gZvgZ `vI| 4 18| mybvgM‡Äi Zv‡ni wgqv wbR¯^ evwoi Avw½bvq GKwU evMvb M‡o †Zv‡j| ¯’vbxq evRv‡i Drcvw`Z mewR wewµ K‡i b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvq bv| Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv wKQz mewR AwewµZ †_‡K hvq| cieZ©x‡Z MÖv‡g Ab¨vb¨ mewR Pvlx‡`i mnvqZvq GKwU msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j| mK‡j GKwÎZ nIqvi d‡j mvgwMÖK Drcv`b e„w× cvq Ges msMV‡bi wbR¯^ cwien‡Y G¸‡jv †Rjv m`i evRv‡i wb‡q wewµi e¨e¯’v K‡i Zviv h‡_ó jvfevb nq| GQvov †µZvivI A‡c¶vK…Z Kg g~‡j¨ ZvRv mewR µq Ki‡Z †c‡i Lywk| K. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb AvBb Øviv mgevq mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq?

1 L. Dcwewa ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Zv‡ni wgqv †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb MVb K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. K…wl cY¨ evRviRvZKi‡Y DÏxc‡Ki Zv‡ni wgqv‡`i g‡Zv AviI msMVb M‡o †Zvjv †h․w³K wKbv? gZvgZ `vI| 4 19| Rxe‡b Avw_©K m”QjZv Avbq‡bi j‡¶¨ PvKzwii cvkvcvwk ZvIwmd I Zvi wKQz eÜy wg‡j GKwU msMVb MVb K‡i| mK‡j wbw`©ó msL¨K †kqvi µ‡qi gva¨‡g g~jab mieivn K‡i| D³ msMVbwU XvKvi nvwZicy‡j GKwU mycvi kc cÖwZôv K‡i Ges wewfbœ Drcv`‡Ki †_‡K mivmwi msM„nxZ cY¨ b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ wewµ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Lye Aí w`‡bB wb‡R‡`i HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póvq cÖwZôvbwU Av‡jvi gyL †`L‡Z cvq| ZvIwmd‡`i AbymiY K‡i eZ©gv‡b G ai‡bi AviI K‡qKwU msMVb M‡o I‡V‡Q| K. Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ Kx? 1 L. mgevq mwgwZi gybvdv wKfv‡e ewÈZ nq?

2 M. ZvIwmd‡`i msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq mwgwZi AšÍfy³ © ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki `ªe¨g~j¨ wbqš¿‡Y DÏxc‡Ki msMV‡bi msMVb¸‡jvi †Kvb f~wgKv Av‡Q? 4 63

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ mgevq msMVb ev mwgwZ 20| PvKzwiRxex ¯^vgxi wbw`©ó Av‡q 6 R‡bi msmvi Pvjv‡Z AvwZqv‡K †ek wngwkg †L‡Z nw”Qj| n¯Íwkí I m~wPK‡g©i KvR Rvbv _vKvq GK mgq †m evwo‡Z e‡mB M„nm¾vi wRwbmcÎ •Zwi K‡i wewµ Ki‡Z _v‡K| hw`I G‡Z Zvi evowZ Av‡qi e¨e¯’v nq, ZeyI Zv‡K wRwbmcÎ weµq Kiv wb‡q wKQzUv DwØMœI _vK‡Z n‡Zv| cieZ©x‡Z †m ¯’vbxq GKwU msMV‡bi m`m¨ n‡j G msMVb Zvi cY¨ wewµi e¨e¯’v K‡i †`q| ZvQvov cÖ‡qvR‡b †m D³ msMVb †_‡K FYI wb‡Z cv‡i| ivZw`b cwikª‡g AvwZqv M„nm¾v mvgMÖxi cvkvcvwk ev”Pv‡`i †cvkvKI •Zwi Ki‡Q| msmv‡i m”QjZv wd‡i Avmvq †m GLb ¯^cœ †`L‡Q wbR¯^ GKwU eywUK nvDR cÖwZôvi| K. mgevq Dcwewa Kx? 1 L. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. AvwZqv †h msMV‡bi m`m¨ n‡q‡Q Zvi mv‡_ †Kvb a‡bi mgevq msMV‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AvwZqvi Rxeb wPÎ cv‡ë †`qvi †cQ‡b DÏxc‡Ki msMV‡bi †Kv‡bv f~wgKv Av‡Q wK? gZvgZ `vI| 4 21| cÖwZeQi Avjyi ev¤úvi djb nIqv m‡Ë¡I gywÝM‡Äi †gw`bx MÖv‡gi AvjyPvlx‡`i fv‡M¨i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b N‡U bv| Drcvw`Z cY¨ mwVK mg‡q evRv‡i wb‡q hvIqv, •eÁvwbK c×wZ‡Z †m¸‡jv msi¶Ymn BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K GK‡kªwYi gnvRb‡`i Øvi¯’ n‡Z nq| d‡j, b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvIqv †_‡K ewÂZ nq Avjy Pvlxiv| G mKj mgm¨v †gvKvwejvq m¤cÖwZ D³ MÖv‡gi iwdK wgqvmn AviI wKQz AvjyPvlx GKwÎZ n‡q GKwU mwgwZ MV‡bi D‡`¨vM †bq| Zv‡`i wek¦vm mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq Zviv wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶Y Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡e Ges c‡Y¨i mwVK g~j¨ cv‡e?

K. mgevq k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1 L. mgevq msMVb wK Ab¨ e¨emvq msMVb¸‡jvi g‡Zv Awfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ M‡o I‡V? 2 M. iwdK I Zvi eÜziv wg‡j †Kvb ai‡bi mwgwZ MV‡bi D‡`¨vM †`q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K mgev‡qi †Kvb bxwZi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 22| h‡kvi wkgyjZjxi 15 Rb Pvlx wb‡R‡`i Drcvw`Z dm‡ji b¨vh¨g~j¨ cvIqvi wbwg‡Ë msNe× n‡q GKwU mwgwZ M‡o †Zv‡j| G cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw` msMÖn, Drcv`b, evRviRvZKiY I ¸`vgRvZKiY Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡`i gybvdvi cwigvY evov‡Z mvg_© n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i wek¦vm mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq Zviv wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶Y Ki‡Z m‡Pó n‡e Ges c‡Y¨i mwVK g~j¨ cv‡e| (K) mgev‡qi g~jgš¿ Kx? 1 (L) e¨emv‡q A_©ms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K wkgyjZjxi Pvlxiv †Kvb ai‡bi mwgwZ MVb K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K mgev‡qi †Kvb bxwZi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q? †Zvgvi cwVZ wel‡qi Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q? †Zvgvi cwVZ wel‡qi Av‡jv‡K eY©bv K‡iv| 4

64

6ô Aa¨vq

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Business Finance

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve iv‡mj mv‡ne GKRb ÿz`ª e¨emvqx| wZwb Zvi e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÐ m¤cÖmviY Kivi Rb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K wKQz UvKv FY †bb| e¨vsK †_‡K cÖvß UvKv w`‡q `ªæZ Zvi e¨emv‡qi Kg©KvÐ cwiKíbv Abyhvqx ïiæ K‡ib| A‡_©i h_vh_ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g wZwb e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÐ `ªæZ m¤cÖmviY K‡ib Ges e¨emv‡q mdjZv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| K. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Kx? 1 L. e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? 2 M. Rbve iv‡mj †Kvb ai‡bi Drm †_‡K A_© msMÖn K‡ib-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve iv‡m‡ji e¨emvq mvdj¨ AR©‡b A_© Kx f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki-we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ A_©msMÖn, wewb‡qvM, jf¨vsk eÈb I A‡_©i cÖevn wbqš¿Y Kvh©vw`i mgwó‡K e‡j e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb| L. A_© n‡jv †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi Rxebxkw³| A_© e¨ZxZ e¨emvwqK Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢e bq| cÖw Zôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨vR©‡bi Rb¨ KuvPvgvj msMÖn, cY¨`ªe¨ Drcv`b I Zv cÖK…Z †fv³vi wbKU †cu․‡Q †`qv ch©š Í hveZxq Kvh©vewj m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| Avi ZvB Kx cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb, †Kv_v †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e, cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Zv wbw`©óKiY I m¤úv`b jÿ¨ AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ZvB A_© Qvov e¨emvq cwiPvjbv I m¤cÖmviY Am¤¢e| M. Rbve iv‡mj e¨vsK †_‡K A_©msMÖn K‡ib| f~wg, `vjvb‡KvVv I hš¿cvwZi Rb¨ †hgb ¯’vqx g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb KuvPvgvj µq I kÖwgK Kg©x‡`i †eZb cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Rbve iv‡mj ¯^í †gqvw` A_©ms¯’v‡bi Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb K‡ib| ¯^í †gqvw` A_©ms¯’v‡bi Drm¸‡jv (i) wbR¯^ Znwej (ii) wiRvf© dvÐ (iii) MÖvnK AwMÖg (iv) e¨vsK (v) e¨emvq FY (vi) ÿz`ª I KzwUi wkí e¨vsK (vii) FY`vbKvix mgevq (viii) GbwRI| N. Finance is compared with blood circulation system of human body A_©vr AvaywbK e¨emv‡qi RM‡Z A_©ms¯’vb‡K Rxebxkw³ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_© Qvov †h †Kvb e¨emvqB APj †hgb i³ Qvov gvby‡li kixi| A_© Qvov e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY Am¤¢e| Rbve iv‡m‡ji e¨emvq mvdj¨ AR©‡b A_© wewfbœ fv‡e f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb

m¤ú` msMÖn I wbqš¿Y, M‡elYv I D™¢veb, g~jab MVb, Avw_©K k„•Ljv cÖwZôv, wk‡íi AvaywbKxKiY BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î A_© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, Rbve iv‡mj A_© e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Zvi e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÐ `ªæZ m¤cÖmviY K‡ib Ges Zvi mdjZv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: †kqvi evRvi n‡jv RvZxq A_©bxwZ fvj g‡›`i m~PK| ïay eo wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i R‡b¨ bq ÿz`ª I gvSvwi wewb‡qvMKvix hviv bvbvb †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ Zv‡`i wewb‡qv‡Mi Drm †ÿÎ n‡jv †kqvi evRvi| mÂq m„wó, g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡M mgMÖ we‡k¦B †kqvi evRvi gvby‡li g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y| GB evRv‡i wewb‡qvM K‡i A‡b‡KB jvfevb n‡q‡Q| Avevi †KD †KD †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k `ywU †kqvi evRvi M‡o D‡V‡Q| wmwKDwiwUR GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb †kqvi evRv‡ii wbqš¿K ms¯’v| K. †kqvi evRvi Kx? 1 L. wmwKDwiwUR GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. †kqvi evRv‡i wewb‡qvM K‡i †Kb A‡b‡K †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †kqvi evRv‡ii eZ©gvb mgm¨vmg~n DËiY K‡i GUv‡K c~‡e©i jvfRbK Ae¯’v‡b wdwi‡q †bqvi †ÿ‡Î †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †h msMwVZ evRv‡i ZvwjKvfy³ miKvwi I †emiKvix cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi, eÛ, FYcÎ BZ¨vw` wbqwgZfv‡e I wba©vwiZ wewa Abyhvqx µq weµq nq Zv‡K †kqvi evRvi e‡j| L. †h ms¯’v †`‡ki †kqvi evRvi wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv‡K wmwKDwiwUR GÛ GK‡PÄ Kwgkb e‡j| †`‡ki ÷K G·‡Pĸ‡jv wbqš¿Y Kivi j‡ÿ¨ 1993 mv‡j wmwKDwiwUR GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb MwVZ nq| bZzb †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb‡K †kqvi evRv‡i †jb‡`b Ki‡Z n‡j G cÖwZôv‡bi Aby‡gv`b wb‡Z nq| ms¯’vwU AwffveK wn‡m‡e †kqvi evRv‡ii †Kvb ai‡bi wbqg ewnf©~Z †jb‡`b I RvwjqvwZ e‡Ü bvbv kvw¯Íg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| M. †kqvi evRvi n‡”Q GKUv Z_¨ wbf©i gv‡K©U| GB evRv‡i/ gv‡K©‡U µq weµq Ki‡Z n‡j A‡bK ai‡bi Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRb| †ckvMZ Ávb, Technical Analysis ÿgZv, †Kv¤úvwb m¤ú‡K© aviYv BZ¨vw` Ávb bv _vK‡j †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k A‡bK wewb‡qvMKvix Av‡Q hv‡`i evRvi m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv †bB| Zviv A‡b¨i K_vq wewb‡qvM K‡i| ¸Re‡K †ekx cÖvavb¨ †`q| GB Kvi‡Y Zviv gybvdv AR©‡bi cwie‡Z© †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| GQvov †`‡ki ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯’wZ, A_©bxwZi MwZ cÖK…wZ, gy`ªvbxwZ BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv bv _vK‡j †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| N. †kqvi evRv‡ii eZ©gvb mgm¨vmg~n mgvavb K‡i G‡K c~‡e©i jvfRbK Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avb‡Z wKQz c`‡ÿc wb‡Z n‡e| gy`ªvbxwZ cÖYq‡bi mgq cyuwRevRvi‡K ÿwZMÖ¯Í K‡i Ggb †Kvb welq AšÍf©~³ Kiv hv‡e bv| 66

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb

wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i evRvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kivi Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb, Kg©kvjv, cÖPviYvg~jK Kv‡Ri Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z n‡e| †kqvi evRv‡i bvbv iKg ¸Re Qwo‡q c‡o| GB ¸Re¸‡jv Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e| †kqvi evRvi GKwU Sensitive RvqMv| GB evRvi m¤ú‡K© †Kvb gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z †f‡e wP‡šÍ Ki‡Z n‡e| gšÍe¨ Kivi Av‡M Gi cÖfve Market Gi Dci wKiƒc Zv c~‡e©B we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡e| wbqš¿K ms¯’v †h wm×všÍ¸‡jv †bq Zv †hb evRvi evÜe nq| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg‡mm Rvnv½xi GKRb eywUK wkíx| wZwb Zvi wkí‡K e¨emvq iƒc †`qvi Rb¨ GKwU †`vKvb fvov K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvi nv‡Z ch©vß UvKv bv _vKvq wZwb wewfbœ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi kiYvcbœ nb| wKš‘ Gme cÖwZôvb †_‡K A_©ms¯’v‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| †kl ch©šÍ wZwb 7 eQi †gqv‡` 2 jÿ UvKv FY †bb| K. Ae¨w³K A_©ms¯’vb Kx? L. A_© Kxfv‡e g~jab msµvšÍ cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i?

M. wg‡mm Rvnv½xi A_©ms¯’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wg‡mm Rvnv½xi ¯^í‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb bv Kivi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. D‡`¨v³v ev e¨emvqx e¨w³MZfv‡e msM„nxZ A‡_©i evB‡i †h mKj Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K Ae¨w³K A_©ms¯’vb e‡j| L. A_© g~ja‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i| A_© e¨ZxZ †Kvb e¨emvwqK KvR m¤¢e bq| cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ m¤úvw`Z cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| KvuPvgvj msMÖn, cY¨`ªe¨ Drcv`b I Zv cÖK…Z †fv³vi wbKU †c․u‡Q †`qvi Rb¨ hveZxq Kvh©vewj m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| cwienY mvgMÖx, `vjvb‡KvVv, Rwg BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| Gme cÖwZeÜKZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ A_© Acwinvh©| myZivs A_© e¨emv‡qi g~ja‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv `~i K‡i| M. wg‡mm Rvnv½xi A_©ms¯’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| D”P my‡`i nvi GKwU cÖavb mgm¨v| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ev †Kvb e¨w³i KvQ †_‡K FY wb‡j D”P nv‡i my` w`‡Z nq| FY cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi KvQ †_‡K FY MÖnY Ki‡Z bvbvwea AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq hv AZ¨šÍ RwUj I Sv‡gjvc~Y©| †`‡ki e¨emvq evwY‡R¨ miKvi KZ©„K Dchy³ c„ô‡cvlKZvi Afve wg‡mm Rvnv½x‡ii A_©ms¯’vb‡K evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q| ivR‣bwZK wek„•Ljv I Aw¯’iZv, Nb Nb niZvj, mš¿vm, Pvu`vevwR BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y wg‡mm Rvnv½xi e¨emvq cwi‡ek I A_©ms¯’vb‡K evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q| wewfbœ ivR‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k we‡`kx wewb‡qvM evo‡Q bv| d‡j we‡`kx Avw_©K cÖwZôvb †_‡K A_© msMÖn Ki‡Z bv cviv wg‡mm Rvnv½x‡ii A_©ms¯’vb‡K evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q| N. wg‡mm Rvnv½xi 7 eQ‡ii Rb¨ 2 jÿ UvKv FY †bb| myZivs wZwb `xN©‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb K‡ib| wg‡mm Rvnv½x‡ii ¯^í‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb bv Kivi †h․w³K KviY i‡q‡Q| ¯^í‡igqvw` Drm †_‡K 67

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb

msM„nxZ A_© w`‡q ¯’vqx m¤úwË AR©b Kiv hvq bv| wg‡mm Rvnv½xi ¯’vqx m¤úwËi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib| ¯^í‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K M„nxZ A‡_©i Rb¨ †Kvb iƒc ivLv nq bv| ZvB G ai‡bi A_©ms¯’vb Kiv Zzjbvg~jK KwVb| `xN©‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î miKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi Dcw¯’wZ Zzjbvg~jK †ewk| ZvB wg‡mm Rvnv½xi `xN©‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb K‡ib| ¯^í‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K msM„nxZ A_© Rwg, hš¿cvwZ, `vjvb BZ¨vw` µ‡q e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ G¸‡jv Qvov Drcv`‡b MwZkxjZv Av‡m bv I Drcv`b e„w× cvq bv| ZvB wg‡mm Rvnv½xi cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`‡b MwZkxjZv e„w×i Rb¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb K‡ib wb| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: AwgZ, gwb I ¯^cb-wZb eÜzi cÖ‡Z¨KB mgvb msL¨K †kqv‡ii gvwjK| wbR¯^ g~jab w`‡q KviLvbv wewìs •Zwi I hš¿cvwZ emv‡jI Zv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i PjwZ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Zviv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Q| bZzb GKUv wkí BDwbU emv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i AwaK g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi cÖK…wZ cwieZ©b K‡i evRv‡i bZzb †kqvi weµ‡qi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| K. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK A_©ms¯’vc‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm? 1 L. †kqvi evRvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. PjwZ g~ja‡bi Rb¨ DÏxc‡Ki eÜz‡`i †Kvb ai‡bi A_©ms¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emv‡qi A_©ms¯’v‡b Zv‡`i wm×všÍ Kx †h․w³K? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK GKwU `xN©‡gqv`x A_©ms¯’v‡bi Drm| L. ZvwjKvfz³ cvewjK wjt †Kv¤úvwbi gva¨wgK †kqvi µq-weµ‡qi R‡b¨ msMwVZ evRvi‡KB †kqvi evRvi e‡j| GLv‡b ZvwjKvfz³ miKvwi I †emiKvwi †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi wmwKDwiwUm wbqwgZfv‡e I wba©vwiZ wewa Abyvqx µq-weµq Kiv nq| M. PjwZ g~ja‡bi Rb¨ ¯^í †gqv`x A_©ms¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| GK eQi ev Zvi Kg mg‡qi Rb¨ †h g~jab msMÖn Kiv nq Zv‡K ¯^í †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb e‡j| wZb eÜz wbR¯^ g~jab w`‡q KviLvbv wewìs I hš¿cvwZ emv‡bvi gva¨‡g ¯’vqx g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c~iY Ki‡jI •`bw›`b LiP; †hgb- KuvPvgvj µq, gRywi, hvZvqvZmn Ab¨vb¨ Li‡Pi Rb¨ ¯^í‡gqv`x A_©ms¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| N. wZb eÜz wbR¯^ g~jab w`‡q KviLvbv wewìs •Zwi I hš¿cvwZ emvq Ges Zv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb K‡i| cieZx©‡Z GKwU bZzb BDwbU emv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i AwaK g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Zviv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †_‡K Av‡MB A_©ms¯’vb K‡i‡Q Ges bZzb wkí BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †_‡K bZzb K‡i `xN©‡gqv`x g~jab msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e bq| ZvB Zviv †Kv¤úvwb‡K cvewjK wjt †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍvi K‡i evRv‡i bZzb †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×všÍ †bq| ZvB ejv hvq †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g e¨emv‡qi A_©ms¯’v‡bi wm×všÍ †h․w³K|

68

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb

lô Aa¨vq: e¨emv‡q A_©ms¯’vb Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| AwgZ, gwb I ¯^cb- wZb eÜzi cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †Kv¤úvwbi mgvb msL¨K †kqv‡ii gvwjK| wbR¯^ g~jab wb‡q KviLvbv wewìs •Zwi I hš¿cvwZ emv‡jI Zv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i PjwZ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Zviv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Q| bZzb GKUv wkí BDwbU emv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i AwaK g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi cÖK…wZ cwieZ©b K‡i evRv‡i bZzb †kqvi weµ‡qi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| K. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK A_©ms¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm? L. A_©ms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. PjwZ g~ja‡bi Rb¨ DÏxc‡Ki eÜz‡`i †Kvb ai‡bi A_©ms¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| N. e¨emv‡qi A_©ms¯’vb Zv‡`i wm×všÍ Kx †h․w³K? g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

1 2 3 4

2| wg. mvBdzj Mv‡g©›Um wkí gvwjK I ißvwbKviK| wZwb evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q KviLvbv wewìs K‡i‡Qb| hš¿cvwZ ewm‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ F‡Yi wKw¯Í cwi‡kva K‡ib| we‡`k †_‡K Kvco I DcKiYvw` msMÖn Ki‡Z †h‡q Zvi cÖPzi A‡_©i cª‡qvRb nIqvq wZwb Avg`vwbKviK †cÖwiZ cÖZ¨qc‡Îi wec‡¶ e¨vsK FY †bb| Avg`vwbKviK eivei wZwb RvnvRx `wj‡ji mv‡_ †h wej cvVvb Zv ¯^xK…Z n‡q Avm‡j Zv wZwb e¨vsK †_‡K AvMvg fvw½‡q e¨vs‡Ki FY cwi‡kva K‡ib| K. GbwRI¸‡jv A_©ms¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm? 1 L. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’v‡b Drm mbv³KiY eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. wg. mvBdzj cÖ_‡g e¨vsK †_‡K †h FY wb‡q‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi A_©ms¯’vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. mvBdzj cieZ©x‡Z FY wb‡q Zv cwi‡kv‡ai †h Drm e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wg. †P․ayix bZzb e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ h‡_ó bZzb g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ †m e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡jv| eÜz‡`i wbKU †_‡KI FY K‡i‡Q| Zvi wbKU cb¨ meivnKvix wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi cvIbvI †m AvUwK‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e e‡ov wewb‡qvM K‡i GLb bZzb KviLvbvwU Pvjy Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| A_P Zv‡K FY †di‡Zi Rb¨ mevB Pvc w`‡”Q| G Ae¯’vq wZwb Zvi eÜz wg. †nv‡m‡bi Kv‡Q civgk© PvB‡jb| eÜz ej‡jb, h‡_ó wPšÍv-fvebv bv K‡i A_©ms¯’vb Ki‡j wec‡` co‡ZB n‡e| K. †kqvi evRvi Kx? 1 L. wmwKDwiwU GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. †P․ayix e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K †h FY wb‡q‡Qb Zv A_©ms¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Drm e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. h‡_ó wPšÍv-fvebv bv K‡i A_©ms¯’vb Ki‡j wec‡` co‡ZB n‡e- eÜzi G e³‡e¨i †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| wg. ivqnvb mr I `¶ e¨emvqx| †`‡k-we‡`‡k e¨emvq| Zvi e¨emv‡qi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask Ry‡oB i‡q‡Q †UªwWs| †K‡bb Avi †e‡Pb| wbR¯^ A_©vqb QvovI e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Zvi eo Kvievi| wZwb GKUv eo wkí Mo‡eb| GRb¨ A_©vq‡b wZwb Kx Ki‡j myweav Ki‡Z cvi‡eb- G welqUv eÜz mvg`vbx‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| eÜz ej‡jb, Ggb †Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡iv hvi †kqvi gva¨wgK evRv‡i †Kbv †ePv Kiv hvq| †`L‡e A_©vq‡b mgm¨v n‡e bv| 69

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb K. evsjv‡`‡k †kqvi evRvi wbqš¿K ms¯’vi bvg Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡q `xN©‡gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ivqnvb †Kvb ai‡bi A_©ms¯’vb K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. gva¨wgK evRv‡i †kqvi µq-weµq Kiv hvq Ggb †Kv¤úvwbi †kqv‡i wewb‡qv‡M wewb‡qvMKvixiv AwaK AvMÖnx _v‡K- e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 5| wg. myeªZ eo PvKwiRxex| Zvi fvebv gRyZ A_© e¨vs‡Ki ivL‡j jvf Avi KZB cv‡eb| eis Zv e¨emv‡q LvUv‡bv myweav| wKš‘ wZwb †`L‡Qb, Zvi g‡Zv A‡b‡KB eÜz-ev܇ei e¨emv‡q A_© wewb‡qvM K‡i myweav Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| A‡b‡K cyuwR nvwi‡q‡Qb| ZvB wZwb e¨vs‡K we.I GKvD›U Ly‡j fv‡jv †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi †K‡bb| Zvi cÖwZwbwa cÖwZôvbB e‡j †`q †Kvb †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi †Kbv Zvi Rb¨ jvfRbK n‡e| wZwb eQi †k‡l jf¨vsk cvb Ges wewb‡qv‡Mi wel‡q A‡bKUv ksKvgy³ _v‡Kb| K. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Kx? 1 L. e¨emv‡q ¯^í‡gqv`x A_©ms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K cÖwZwbwa cÖwZôvb ej‡Z Kv‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. myeªZ †Kv_v †_‡K †kqvi µq K‡ib? Zvi GLv‡b wewb‡qvM Kivi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 6| Av‡bvqvi wmwKDwiwUR wg. kwd‡Ki †eªvKvi nvDR| GLv‡b Kxfv‡e †kqvi †Kbv-‡ePv nq GUv †`Lvi Rb¨ wZwb GKw`b nvD‡R †M‡jb| A™¢yZ Ae¯’v| mevB Kw¤úDUvi Uvwg©bv‡ji mvg‡b e‡m Av‡Qb| ¯Œx‡b †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi bvg I †kqv‡ii g~j¨ DV‡Q| GLv‡b e‡mB †µZv-we‡µZviv †Kbv-‡ePvi digv‡qk w`‡”Q| wZwb Rvb‡jb GLv‡b wKQz wewb‡qvMKvix Av‡Q hviv cÖwZw`b †jb‡`b Ki‡Z Av‡m| w`b †k‡l jvf ¶wZi wnmve K‡l| wg. kwd‡Ki fvebv †kqvi †K‡b gvbyl jf¨vsk cvIqvi Rb¨| wKš‘ G‡`i D‡Ïk¨ wfbœZi| m¤¢eZ GLv‡bB cÖZvwiZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv jywK‡q _v‡K| K. †kqvi evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi weµ‡qi evRvi? 1 L. XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ (DSE) m¤ú‡K© eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. wg. kwdK †kqvi evRv‡i †kqvi µq-weµ‡qi †h c×wZ †`‡L‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. kwd‡Ki fvebv g‡Z cÖwZw`b †jb‡`b Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i wewb‡qvMKvixiv µqK…Z †kqv‡ii †Kvb Ae¯’v cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib? Zv‡`i GB cÖZ¨vkvi hZv_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7| 2010 mv‡j Avwmd I Zvi wZb fvB wg‡j Ôw` evsjv †U· wjtÕ bv‡g GKwU msMVb K‡i‡Q| cÖv_wgKfv‡e evRv‡i †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn K‡i e¨emvq Kvh©-cwiPvjbv K‡i AvmwQj G cÖwZôvbwU| e¨emv‡qi Kvh©cwiwa e„w× cvIqvq MvRxcy‡i wbR¯^ d¨v±wii cv‡k AviI wKQz Rwg µq K‡i †mLv‡b bZzb wKQz †gwkb emv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Ki‡Qb Zviv| G wel‡q A_©ms¯’vbKvix wewfbœ cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ †Kv¤úwbi A_©mweP‡K `vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| K. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Kx? 1 L. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. Ôw` evsjv †U· wjtÕ †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb Drm †_‡K A_©ms¯’vb Kiv myweavRbK? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v `vI| 4 70

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb

8| cwÎKvi cÖ_g c„ôvq eo eo wk‡ivbv‡g †jLv ÒAe‡k‡l SEC-i c‡¶ ivq w`j nvB‡KvU©Ó| welqwU Mfxi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co‡Z _v‡Kb Rvgvb| SEC ZvwjKvfy³ †Kv¤úvwbmg~‡ni cwiPvjK‡`i Dci e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q 2% Ges mw¤§wjZfv‡e 30% †kqvi µ‡qi Rb¨ Av‡`k cÖ`vb K‡i| hw`I G wel‡q AbymÜvb K‡i Rvbv hvq †h, cÖvq 80% †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK c~‡e© G wbw`©ó †kqvi µq bv K‡i D‡ëv Av`vj‡Zi kiYvcbœ nq| Av`vj‡Zi iv‡qi ci MZ K‡qKw`‡bi †kqvi evRvi Rwic K‡i †`Lv hvq †h MZw`b †_‡K †kqv‡ii g~j¨ m~PK DaŸ©MwZ m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Rvgvb †kqvi evRv‡ii GKRb wewb‡qvMKvix welq LeiwU c‡o †m ¯^w¯Í‡eva K‡i| [m~Î: •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv- †g, 2012] K. XvKv †kqvi evRvi Kx? 1 L. †kqvi evRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi †jb‡`b nq?

2 M. DÏxc‡K cwiPvjK‡`i †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi µ‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z wel‡qi Rb¨ †kqv‡ii g~j¨ n«vm-e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 9| Rbve wknveywÏb I Zvi K‡qKRb eÜz wg‡j ivRevox‡Z cvUKj ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| cv‡Ui mnRjf¨Zvi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b wkíwU •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¨emvq MVb e¨q I Ab¨vb¨ LiP †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ I eÜz‡`i KvQ †_‡K A_© ms¯’vb †Ki| cieZ©x‡Z cyuwR ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y e¨vs‡Ki Øvi¯’ nq| Av‡iv g~jab evov‡bvi Rb¨ `ywU FY`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i| K. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Kx? 1 L. †kqvi evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. Rbve wknveyÏx‡bi cÖwZôv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi Drm †_‡K A_© msMÖn K‡i‡Qb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Av‡iv †Kvb Drm †_‡K AwaK g~jab ms¯’vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡ie¨vL¨v Ki| 4

71

7g Aa¨vq

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY Market & Marketing

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wWD Wªcm I A‡iÄ wWD bvgK `ywU mvevb GKB mv‡_ evRv‡i Av‡m| ¸YMZ gvb I †gvoKxKiY †µZv‡`i wbKU AvKl©Yxq _vKv m‡Ë¡I cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡`i weµ‡qi wfbœZv cwijwÿZ nq, hv wb‡gœi mviwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv: eQi mvevb 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) wWD Wªcm 05 10 15 11 08 A‡iÄ wWD 06 11 20 25 25 K. evRviRvZKi‡Yi msÁv `vI| 1 L. cÖwgZKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. A‡iÄ wWD mvev‡bi †ÿ‡Î c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi †Kvb avcwU Abycw¯’Z? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evRv‡ii A‡iÄ wWD mvev‡bi b¨vq wWD Wªcm mvev‡bi weµq cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡j KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 DËi: K. evRviRvZKiY ej‡Z H mKj Kv‡Ri mgwó‡K eySvq hv Drcv`bKvixi KvQ †_‡K cY¨ I †mevmvgMÖx †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q †c․u‡Q †`q| L. cÖwgZKiY ej‡Z c‡Y¨i gvb wba©viY‡K eySvq| Ab¨K_vq cÖwgZKiY ej‡Z wewfbœ `ª‡e¨i †g․wjK gv‡bi mxgv wba©viY‡K eySvq| mvaviYZ c‡Y¨i IRb, AvKvi, ¸Yv¸Y BZ¨vw` welq G‡ÿ‡Î we‡ePbv Kiv nq| evRviRvZKiY Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ cÖwgZKiY LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| M. A‡iÄ wWD mvev‡bi †ÿ‡Î c‡Y¨i RxeP‡µi cZb ¯ÍiwU Abycw¯’Z| Avgiv Rvwb cZb ch©v‡q G‡m weµ‡qi cwigvY Kg‡Z _v‡K| cY¨ AweµxZ _v‡K Ges g~j¨ Kgv‡bvi cÖeYZv ïiæ nq| gybvdv †_‡K ÿwZi w`‡K cÖwZôvb †b‡g hvq| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K jÿ¨ Ki‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw”Q 2000 mv‡j A‡iÄ wWD mvevb 25 nvRvi WRb weµq n‡q‡Q Ges 2005 mv‡jI a‡i †i‡L‡Q, K‡g hvqwb| †mB †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi GLv‡b cZb ¯ÍiwU Abycw¯’Z| N. evRv‡i A‡iÄ wWD mvev‡bi b¨vq wWD Wªcm mvev‡bi weµq cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡j weµq cÖmvi ev weµq e„w×i e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv Rvwb weµq cÖmvi n‡”Q cY¨ ev †mev µq A_ev weµq DrmvwnZ Kivi ¯^íKvjxb DÏxcbv| DÏxcK Abyhvqx wWD Wªcm mvev‡bi gvb I †gvoKxKiY †µZv‡`i wbKU AvKl©Yxq _vKv m‡Ë¡I 2000 mv‡ji

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

Zzjbvq 2005 mv‡j weµq K‡g †M‡Q| ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î weµq e„w×i Rb¨ cÖPwjZ g~j¨ A‡cÿv wKQzUv g~j¨ Qvo w`‡q wbw`©ó †gqv‡`i Rb¨ Kzcb cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Kzcb bv w`‡q c‡Y¨i †gvo‡K g~j¨ Qvo Gi cwigvY D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i A_ev weµ‡qvËi †mev ev cÖ`k©Y Ges †gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ga¨¯’ e¨emvqxiv hv‡Z AwaK cwigv‡Y cY¨ µq K‡i †mRb¨ AwZwi³ cY¨ µ‡qi Ici wKQz cY¨ Zv‡`i‡K webvg~‡j¨ cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| weµq e„w×i D‡Ï‡k¨ ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i we‡kl cyi¯‥vi, Kwgkb †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Ô¯^cœÕ I ÔevUv my †Kv¤úvwbi XvKvmn mviv evsjv‡`‡k Zv‡`i e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| evRviRvZKi‡Yi wewfbœ †K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡i Giv weµq evov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Q| Z‡e Df‡qi aiY wfbœ nIqvq Zv‡`i weµq evov‡bvi †K․kj GKB bq| K. evRviRvZKiY Kx? 1 L. wefvMxq wecYx eûkvLv wecYx n‡Z Avjv`v †Kb? 2 M. weµq evov‡bvi Rb¨ Ô¯^cœÕ I ÔevUv my †Kv¤úvbxÕ wK ai‡Yi †K․kj MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. weµq evov‡bvi Rb¨ Ô¯^cœÕ I ÔevUv my †Kv¤úvbxÕi weµq evov‡bv †K․kj GKB bvI n‡Z cv‡i| G cÖm‡½ †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 DËi: K. †fv³vi cÖ‡qvRb I Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi wbwg‡Ë cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q cY¨ mvgMÖx I †mev K‡g©i m„wóKiY, g~j¨ wba©viY, eÈb I cÖmvi Kv‡h©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ mgy`q Kvh©vewj‡K evRviRvZKiY e‡j| L. GKwU cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi cY¨ LyPiv weµq Ki‡j Zv‡K wefvMxq wecYx e‡j| †hgb: gxbv evRvi| Ab¨w`‡K †Kv‡bv GKwU c‡Y¨i Drcv`K kvLv we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡gB cY¨ weµq Ki‡j Zv‡K eûkvLv wecYx e‡j| †hgb evUv my| DcwiD³ we‡køl‡Yi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq| wefvMxq wecYx n‡Z eûkvLv wecYx wfbœ| M. weµq evov‡bvi Rb¨ ¯^cœ I evUv my †Kv¤úvwb wewfbœ ai‡Yi †K․kj MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: weÁvcb, cÖPvi, e¨w³K weµq I weµq cÖmvi| ¯^cœ wewfbœ ai‡Yi cY¨ weµq K‡i| ZvB wewfbœ Drm ¯’j n‡Z wewfbœ ai‡Yi cY¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| Gme cY¨ weµ‡qi †K․kj G‡KK iK‡gi nq| D‡jøwLZ welq¸‡jv A_©vr weÁvcb, cÖPvi e¨w³K weµq I cÖmvi, cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e wKš‘ wfbœ wfbœ c‡Y¨i Rb¨ †K․k‡ji cÖ‡qvMI n‡e wfbœ| wKš‘ evUv my †Kv¤úvwbi cY¨ GKwU Ges Drcv`K wb‡RB| ZvB weµ‡qi †K․kjI n‡e wfbœ| GKwU gvÎ c‡Y¨i weµ‡qi †K․k‡j wfbœZv Kg _v‡K| ZvB PviwU †K․k‡ji g‡a¨ †hwU ev¯Íem¤§Z †mwU MÖnY Ki‡jB Pj‡e| N. Ô¯^cœÕ I ÔevUv my †Kv¤úvwbÕi weµq evov‡bvi †K․kj GKB bvI n‡Z cv‡i| KviY ¯^cœ n‡jv wefvMxq wecbx I evUv n‡jv eûkvLv wecYx| cÖwZôv‡bi wfbœZv _vKvq Zv‡`i weµ‡qi aiY, c‡Y¨i ai‡Y wfbœZv Avm‡e| ¯^cœ wefvMxq wecYx nIqvq wewfbœ ai‡Yi cY¨ GKB cÖwZôv‡b G‡b LyPiv weµq K‡i| wewfbœ ai‡Yi c‡Y¨i weµ‡qi †K․kjI wewfbœ ai‡Yi nIqvB ¯^vfvweK| Avi Gi wecixZ Ae¯’v †`Lv hv‡e evUv my †Kv¤úvwb‡Z| KviY 73

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

evUv my †Kv¤úvwb n‡jv eûkvLv wecYx| hv‡`i gvÎ GKwU cY¨ Ges eû RvqMvq kvLv we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡g GB c‡Y¨i Drcv`K †fv³vi `vicÖv‡šÍ P‡j hvq| ZvB Zvi evRviRvZKiY †K․kjI n‡e wfbœ| myZivs cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…wZ wfbœ nIqvq, c‡Y¨i cÖK…wZ, msL¨v I kvLvMZ wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y ¯^cœ I evUv my †Kv¤úvwbi weµq evov‡bvi †K․kj GKB bvI n‡Z cv‡i| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. ûgvqy‡bi GKwU RyZvi KviLvbv Av‡Q| wZwb wb‡RB KviLvbvq Drcbœ nIqv cY¨ wecY‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î wZwb ¯’vbxq cvBKvi I LyPiv e¨emvqx‡`i mnvqZvq XvKv, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv, PÆMÖvg, wm‡jU A‡j evRviRvZKib K‡ib| wKš‘ †`‡k cÖPwjZ eÈb cÖwµqvq wZwb mš‘ó bb| c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wZwb miKvix mn‡hvwMZv Riæwi e‡j g‡b K‡ib| K. cvBKvi †K? 1 L. evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. ûgvqyb †h wel‡q Amš‘wó cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zvi Dbœq‡b †Zvgvi mycvwik e¨³ Ki| 3 N. wg. ûgvqyb †h KvRwU wb‡RB m¤úv`b K‡ib Zvi ¸iæZ¡ wbiƒcY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Drcv`‡Ki KvQ †_‡K cY¨ †ewk cwigv‡Y Aí `v‡g wK‡b Aí cwigvY LyPiv e¨emvqxi wbKU weµq Kiv‡K cvBKvix e¨emvq e‡j| whwb G e¨emvq K‡ib Zv‡K cvBKvi e‡j| L. evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi n‡jv †Kv‡bv c‡Y¨i weµq e„w×i †K․kj, hvi gva¨‡g †fv³v‡K cY¨ µ‡q DØy× Kiv nq| evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i evRvi ¯’vqx I wbwðZ iƒc jvf K‡i| c‡Y¨i m¤¢ve¨ I eZ©gvb †µZvi g‡a¨ c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v m„wó I Pvwn`v Ae¨vnZ ivLvi e¨e¯’v Z_v evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| d‡j cY¨ m¤ú‡K© †µZv‡K AewnZ Kivi cvkvcvwk µ‡q cÖ‡ivwPZ Kiv nq| evRviRvZKi‡Yi cÖmv‡ii Dcv`vb n‡jv weÁvcb, e¨w³K weµq, cÖPvi, weµq I cÖmvi Ges MY‡hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw`| M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. ûgvqyb Drcvw`Z cY¨ †fv³v‡`i wbKU †c․uQv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î †`‡k cÖPwjZ eÈb cÖwµqv wb‡q Amš‘ó| cY¨ Drcv`b KivB ïaygvÎ Drcv`bKvixi D‡Ïk¨ bq| eis Drcvw`Z cY¨ myôzfv‡e eÈb KivI cÖ‡qvRb| Drcv`bKvix‡K wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e †Kvb cÖYvjx‡Z cY¨ eÈb Ki‡j Zv †µZv, †fv³v I e¨enviKvixi wbKU jvfRbKfv‡e weµq Kiv m¤¢e| eZ©gvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK we‡k¦ h_vh_ cÖwµqvq eÈb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©b Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB †`‡k cÖPwjZ eÈb cÖwµqvi Dbœqb LyeB Riæix| G‡ÿ‡Î KiYxq n‡Z cv‡imsMV‡bi Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ myôz mgš^q mvab Kiv, gybvdvR©‡bi cvkvcvwk DËg †mev wbwðZ Kiv, †hvMv‡hvM I cwienb e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb NUv‡bv, mylg †hvMvb wbwðZ Kiv| fv‡jvfv‡e cY¨ cÖ`k©Yxi e¨e¯’v Kiv| DcwiD³ mycvwikmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g eÈb cÖwµqvq Dbœqb mvab K‡i wg. ûgvqy‡bi Amš‘wó `~i Kiv m¤¢e| N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, wg. ûgvqyb wb‡RB evRviRvZKi‡Yi KvRwU m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| evRviRvZKiY n‡”Q Drcv`b cÖwµqv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cY¨ ev †mev P~ovšÍ †fv³vi wbKU mieiv‡ni GKwU cÖwµqv| 74

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

wg. ûgvqy‡bi g‡Zv Drcv`‡Ki Rb¨ evRviRvZKiY A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wg. ûgvqyb cY¨ I †mev mvgMÖx Drcv`b Kivi ci, evRviRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i bZzb bZzb Dc‡hvM •Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e c‡Y¨i Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i cY¨ myôzfv‡e eÈb Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| Gi d‡j A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb N‡U I myôz evwYwR¨K cwi‡ek m„wó nq| AviI e¨vcK fv‡e ejv hvq, Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi fvimvg¨ wbwð‡Zi gva¨‡g SzuwK n«vm I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs ejv hvq, †h‡Kvb wkí I e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Drcvw`Z cY¨ I †mev †µZv Ges †fv³vi wbKU †c․uQv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î evRviRvZKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ebdzj I nvBI‡q PÆMÖv‡gi cÖvY‡K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z `ywU weL¨vZ wgwói †`vKvb, nvBI‡q wgwó wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K LyPiv wn‡m‡e †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡RB cY¨ weµq K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K ebdzj wgwó wbR¯^ cwien‡Yi gva¨‡g LyPiv e¨emvqxi Kv‡Q cY¨ †c․‡Q w`‡q evRviRvZKiY K‡i| Zv‡`i weµ‡qi wPÎ wbgœiƒc:

K. cY¨ Kx? 1 L. c‡Y¨i ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i †K? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ebdzj wgwói weµq e„w×i †K․kjwU eY©bv Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ evRviRvZ Ki‡Yi †Kvb †K․kj †ewk Dc‡hvMx? we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †Kvb e¯‘i g‡a¨ hw` `„k¨gvb ev A`„k¨gvb Dcjwä‡hvM¨ ¸Y _v‡K I Zv gvby‡li Afve c~iY ev mš‘wó weav‡b mg_© nq Ges we‡µZv KZ©„K weµ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv †µZv mvavi‡Yi wbKU weµ‡qi wbwg‡Ë Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq ZLb D³ e¯‘‡K cY¨ e‡j| L. cwienb c‡Y¨i ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i| c‡Y¨i ¯’vbMZ evav n‡jv `~iZ¡| A_©vr Drcv`‡Ki ¯’vb n‡Z †fv³v hw` `~‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i Z‡e cY¨ wK‡b †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ cwien‡Yi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i `~iZ¡ msµvšÍ evav `~i n‡q ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i, d‡j †µZv cY¨ mn‡RB †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| 75

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY M. ebdzj wgwó I nvBI‡q wgwó weµ‡qi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK MÖvd DÏxc‡K wPwÎZ Av‡Q| DÏxcK Abyhvqx Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi, ebdzj wgwó wbR¯^ cwien‡bi gva¨‡g LyPiv e¨vemvqx‡`i Kv‡Q cY¨ weµq K‡i| Gi d‡j cwienb msµvšÍ LiP K‡g hvIqvq c‡Y¨i Drcv`b LiP Kg nq I gybvdv e„w× cvq| c‡Y¨i ¯’vbMZ evav wbR¯^ cwien‡bi gva¨‡g `~i Kivq Zzjbvg~jK LiP Kg nq Ges gybvdvR©‡bi jÿ¨ wbwðZ nq| nvBI‡q wgwó †_‡K ebdzj wgwói wbR¯^ cwien‡bi gva¨‡g evRviRvZKi‡Yi cÖwµqvwU wfbœ wQ‡jv| GB †K․k‡ji gva¨‡gB MZ wZb eQ‡i Zv‡`i weµq Avkvbyiƒcfv‡e †e‡o hvq I mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i| N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ evRviRvZKi‡Yi †K․kj wn‡m‡e wbR¯^ cwien‡Yi gva¨‡g cY¨ weµq Kiv †ewk Dc‡hvMx| A_©vr ¯’vbMZ evav `~i Kivi †K․kj‡K we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| nvBI‡q wgwó cY¨ evRviRvZKi‡Y wbR cÖwZôvb †_‡K mivmwi †fv³vi Kv‡Q weµq K‡i| A_©vr ¯’vbxq †fv³vivB ïay cY¨ µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs †fv³vi msL¨v Kg, Ab¨w`‡K ebdzj wbR¯^ cwien‡Y LyPiv e¨emvqxi Kv‡Q wewfbœ GjvKvq wewµ K‡i| G‡Z cwienY LiP Kg nq| Ab¨w`‡K †fv³vi cwigvY †ekx nq| d‡j weµqI †ekx Ges gybvdvi cwigvYI †ekx| ZvB nvBI‡qi †P‡q ebdzj MZ wZbeQ‡i weµ‡qi cwigvY A‡bK ¸Y evov‡Z †c‡i‡Q| A_©vr mdjZv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi ebdz‡ji wbR¯^ cwien‡bi gva¨‡g weµ‡qi †K․kj †ewk Dc‡hvMx| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg‡mm †g․mygx Lyjbvi wbDgv‡K©‡Ui bvgKiv †cvlvK mvgMÖx weµqKvix cÖwZôvb †g․mygx d¨vkb nvD‡Ri gvwjK| wZwb †`vKv‡b wewfbœ d¨vkb I iKgvwi wWRvB‡bi †cvlvK mvgMÖx gRyZ iv‡Lb| †µZviv hv‡Z cY¨¸‡jv fv‡jv K‡i †`‡Lï‡b wKb‡Z cv‡i GRb¨ wZwb mZK©| †`vKv‡b Gwm jvwM‡q‡Qb| MÖvnKiv †h‡bv cÖZ¨vwkZ g~‡j¨ fv‡jv cY¨ wKb‡Z cv‡i G wel‡q wZwb m‡PZb| weµq Kg©xiv †µZv‡`i mv‡_ †Kgb e¨envi Ki‡Q GUvI wZwb bR‡i iv‡Lb| gv‡K©‡Ui Ab¨ e¨emvqxiv Zvi mdjZvi KviY AbymÜvb Ki‡Q| K. cY¨ Kx? 1 L. c‡Y¨i Rxeb Pµ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg‡mm †g․mygx †Kvb ai‡bi †fvM¨ c‡Y¨i e¨emvq K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg‡mm †g․mygx gybvdv AR©‡b †h welqwUi cÖwZ AwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Y mg_©, `„k¨gvb I A`„k¨gvb Ges Dcjwä‡hvM¨ ¸Ym¤úbœ weµq‡hvM¨ †Kvb wKQz‡K cY¨ e‡j| 76

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY L. GKUv cY¨ m~Pbv ev Dbœqb ch©vq †_‡K GwM‡q GK mg‡q cZb ch©v‡qi ga¨ w`‡q Gi Rxe‡bi †h mgvwß N‡U Zv‡K c‡Y¨i RxebPµ e‡j| GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Zvi bZzb †Kvb cY¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv Dbœqb K‡i GK ch©v‡q cY¨wU‡K evRv‡i Qv‡o| Gici cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †gvKv‡ejv K‡i GwM‡q hvq Ges GKch©v‡q cY¨wUi weµq m‡e©v”P ¯Í‡i †h‡q †cu․‡Q| Avevi GK ch©v‡q G‡m cY¨wU Zvi Ae¯’vb nvivq Ges GK ch©v‡q nvwi‡q hvq| c‡Y¨i Rxe‡bi GB aviv‡KB c‡Y¨i Rxeb Pµ e‡j| M. wg‡mm †g․mywg kwcs cY¨ ev wecYb c‡Y¨i e¨emvq K‡ib| †h cY¨ †µZv c~e© cwiKíbv wb‡q Ny‡i wd‡i I †`‡Lï‡b µq K‡i Zv‡K wecYb cY¨ e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm †g․mgxj cÖwZôvbwU GKwU †cvkvK mvgMªx weµhKvix cÖwZôvb| Zvi wewµZ d¨vkb I iKgvwi wWRvB‡bi †cvlvK mvaviYZ †µZviv mPivPi µq K‡i bv| G‡ÿ‡Î †µZviv Av‡M †_‡K cwiKíbv wb‡q Ges kw³ I mgq e¨q K‡i wewfbœ d¨vkb nvDR Ny‡i †`‡L c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸Y I g~j¨ hvPvB K‡i| Gici µq wm×všÍ †bq| †h‡nZz mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ d¨vkb cwiewZ©Z nq ZvB GwU †fvM¨cY¨ Ges wecYb cY¨| N. wg‡mm †g․mygx gybvdv AR©‡b †fv³v mšÍywói welqwUi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| GKRb †µZv ev †fv³v cY¨ ev †mev µq K‡i †h mšÍywó cÖZ¨vkv K‡i Zvi cÖvw߇KB †fv³v mšÍywó e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm †g․mygx †µZvi cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y m‡Pó| GRb¨ wZwb ïay weµq e„w×i †K․kjB Aej¤^b K‡ibwb eis †µZviv †hb †`‡Lky‡b cÖZ¨vwkZ g~‡j fvj cY¨ µq Ki‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡i wZwb m‡Pó| †µZv‡K µ‡q DrmvwnZ I AvK…ó Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb †`vKv‡b Gwm jvwM‡q‡Qb Ges cvkvcvwk DËg MÖvnK †mevi j‡ÿ¨ weµq Kgx©‡`i fv‡jv e¨env‡ii Dc‡iI ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| Zvi G mKj KvR †fv³v mš‘wó AR©‡biB GKwU †K․kj hv Zv‡K AwaK gybvdv AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| ïay ZvB bq; gv‡K©‡Ui Ab¨ e¨emvqxivI Zvi mvd‡j¨i KviY LuyR‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb, cÖZ¨vkvi Zzjbvq cÖvwß Kg n‡j †fv³v AmšÍyó nq| d‡j cieZx©‡Z †m G cY¨ Avi µq K‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K cY¨ †_‡K cÖZ¨vkvgvwdK Dc‡hvM jvf Ki‡j †µZv ev †fv³v H cY¨ evi evi µ‡q DrmvwnZ nq| ZvB †fv³v mšÍywó AR©‡bi gva¨‡gB AwaK weµq K‡i gybvdvi cwigvY m‡e©v”P AR©b m¤¢e| Kv‡RB gybvdv AR©‡b wg‡mm †g․mygxi †fv³v mšÍywó AR©‡bi D‡`¨vMwU h_v_©| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: gyw³ †UªwWs †gvbv dzW‡mi ¯’vbxq cwi‡ekK| Zviv †gvbv dzW‡mi wewfbœ c‡Y¨i Qwe m¤^wjZ ÷xKvi jvMv‡bv †QvU KvfvW© f¨v‡b K‡i we¯‥zU, wPcm, PvbvPzimn wewfbœ cY¨ †QvU †`vKv‡b wb‡q weµq K‡i| gyw³ †UªwWs Avi KviI 77

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY cY¨ weµq bv Kivq Zv‡`i G‡ÿ‡Î kZfvM AvšÍwiKZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| gyw³ Zv‡`i weµq Uv‡M©U c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡j wewfbœ mg‡q we‡kl Kwgkb, cyi¯‥vimn bvbvb myweav †gvbv dzWm †_‡K †c‡q _v‡K| K. eÈb cÖYvjx Kx? 1 L. eûkvLv wecwY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gyw³ †UªwWs †Kvb ai‡bi ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †gvbv dzWm wewfbœ mg‡q gyw³ †UªwWs‡K mvgwqK †h mKj myweav †`q Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Drcv`K †_‡K cY¨ †h c_ a‡i ev ga¨¯’ e¨emvqxi nvZ Ny‡i †fv³v ev e¨enviKvixi wbKU †cu․‡Q Zv‡K cY¨ eÈb cÖYvjx e‡j| L. Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wecwY cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g †fv³v ev e¨enviKvix‡`i wbKU mivmwi cY¨ weµq Ki‡j Zv‡K eûkvLv wecwY e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZUv †`Kv‡bi bvg, mvBb‡evW©, mvRm¾v, weµqbxwZ I cY¨g~j¨ GKB n‡q _v‡K| GQvovI wecwYi mKj kvLv †K›`ªxq e¨e¯’vax‡b cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq| †hgb- evUv my, wm½vi †Kv¤úvwb BZ¨vw`| M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ gyw³ †UªwWs GK ai‡bi wWjvi ev cY¨ eÈbKvix| mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq cY¨`ªe¨ weµ‡qi †ÿ‡Î cvBKvwi e¨emvqx‡`i Zzjbvq wWw÷ªweDUiMY AwaK hZœevb I AvšÍwiK n‡q _v‡K| gyw³ †UªwWs †gvbv dzW‡mi ÷xKvi jvMv‡bv KvfvW© f¨v‡b K‡i Zv‡`i cY¨ Ny‡i Ny‡i †QvU †QvU †`vKv‡b wb‡q weµq K‡i| gyw³ †UªwWs Ab¨ KviI cY¨ weµq K‡i bv Ges †gvbv dzW‡mi cY¨ weµ‡q †m h‡_ó hZœevb I AvšÍwiK _v‡K| hvi d‡j gyw³ †UªwWs †gvbv dzWm Gi KvQ †_‡K wewfbœ mgq Kwgkb I cyi¯‥vimn bvbv ai‡bi myweav cvq| †gvUK_v gyw³ †UªwWs Gi Kvh©µg cÖgvb K‡i, †m †gvbv dzW‡mi GKRb ¯’vbxq cwi‡ekK ev wWjvi| N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †gvbv dzWm wewfbœ mg‡q mvgwqK †m mKj myweav †`q Zv weµq cÖmvi †K․k‡ji AšÍfy³ © | weµq cÖmvi n‡”Q cY¨ ev †mevi weµq e„w×i Rb¨ M„nxZ ¯^íKvjxb DÏxcbvg~jK Kg©m~wP| DÏxc‡K gyw³ †UªwWs †gvbv dzW‡mi cY¨ eȇb wWjvi ev cwi‡ekK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †gvbv dzWm weµq e„w×i Rb¨ mg‡q we‡kl Kwgkb I cyi¯‥vi BZ¨vw` myweav †`q hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z gyw³ †UªwWs †gvbv dzW‡mi cY¨ weµ‡qi wel‡q AvšÍwiK _v‡K| Avgiv Rvwb, weµq cÖmvi Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j †µZv ev †fv³v I ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx mevB DrmvwnZ nq| Gi gva¨‡g cÖPvi myweav jvf Kiv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î Drcv`K cÖwZôvb Zvi cY¨ cwi‡ekK gyw³ †UªwWs‡K we‡kl cyi¯‥vi, Kwgkb, Qvo, webvg~‡j¨ cY¨ cÖ`vbmn hv wKQz Ki‡Q Zv gyw³ †UªwWs‡K `viæYfv‡e Kv‡R DØy× K‡i‡Q| G‡Z wbw`©ó GjvKvq Drcv`K cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨ evRviRvZKi‡Y wbtm‡›`‡n cÖfve c‡o‡Q| hv weÁvcb ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvB †gvbv dzWm KZ©„K weµq cÖmvi Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ h_v_©| 78

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

mßg Aa¨vq: evRviRvZKiY Gi cÖK…wZ I cY¨ Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. gwZb wgqv RyU e¨emvqx| wgicy‡ii wewfbœ Mv‡g©›U †_‡K wZwb SzU msMÖn K‡ib| Gici GUv‡K mvBR Abyhvqx wewfbœ fv‡M fvM K‡i Zv cyi‡bv XvKvi cUzqvLvjx‡Z meivn K‡ib| hviv ev”Pv‡`i Kvco-‡Pvco cÖ¯Z ‘ K‡i Zviv GLb †_‡K myweavgZ G¸‡jv µq K‡i wb‡q hvq| bZzb cY¨ cÖ¯Z ‘ n‡q Zv evRv‡i Av‡m| gwZb wgqv fv‡eb, SzU mvgvb¨ cY¨ bq eis Zv A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q| K. †fv³v †K? 1 L. evRviRvZKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gwZb wgqv SzU msMÖn K‡i evRviRvZKi‡Yi †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cUzqvUzjxi e¨emvqxiv GUv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi cY¨ wn‡m‡e weµq K‡ib? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2. †Møvevj †UªwWs wek¦L¨vZ eªvÛ eªvBU †nqvi Kvjv‡ii evsjv‡`‡k GKK mieivnKvix| evRv‡i G ai‡bi AviI KZK¸‡jv cY¨ _vK‡jI Zv‡`i cY¨wU evsjv‡`‡ki evRv‡i `ªæZ ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z P‡j‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi gyL¨ Kg©KZ©v Rbve Zvbfxi ïiæ‡ZB cY¨wUi weµq e„w×i Rb¨ evRvi‡K Zvi cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM K‡i †mLv‡b GKRb K‡i gv‡K©wUs Awdmvi wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Uv‡M©U gv‡m gv‡m wVK K‡i †`qv nq| K. cieZ©x Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq Ggb cY¨‡K Kx e‡j?

1 L. myweavRbK cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cY¨wU Zvi Rxeb P‡µi †Kvb ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †Møvevj †UªwWs Gi gyL¨ Kg©KZ©v weµq e„w×i Rb¨ †h KvRwU K‡i‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3. Rbve Avng` Pxbv B‡jKUªwbK c‡Y¨i eªvÛ P¨vswPs Gi mieivnKvix| wUwf, wd«R BZ¨vw` cY¨ myweavRbK g~‡j¨ Zviv mieivn K‡ib| c‡Y¨i is I wWRvBb my›`i nIqvq M„wnbx‡`i wbKU cY¨¸‡jv LyeB cQ‡›`i| wKw¯Í‡Z g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai e¨e¯’v _vKvq MÖvnK‡`i G cY¨ wKb‡Z h‡_ó AvMÖn| wKš‘ KLbI KLbI †Kv‡bv cY¨ bó ev ÎæwUc~Y© n‡j †givg‡Zi e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq Rbve Avng`‡K bvbvb K_v ïb‡Z nq| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU GKUv mvwf©wms †m›Uvi †Lvjvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i‡Qb| K. cÖwgZKiY Kx? 1 L. wecYb cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve Avng` †h cY¨ weµq K‡ib Zv g~jZ †Kvb ai‡bi cY¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki MÖvnKiv P¨vswPs eªv‡Ûi cY¨ †_‡K †h ai‡bi †mev cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Q Zv c~iY n‡j Gi weµq A‡bK evo‡e- e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 4. wg. Rv‡f` kvwšÍ Rym Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi gv‡K©wUs g¨v‡bRvi wn‡m‡e †hvM w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb †`L‡Qb Zvi cÖwZôvbwU cÖ_g w`‡K †hfv‡e `ªæZ evRvi †c‡qwQj Zvi MwZ K‡g G‡m‡Q| wZwb evRv‡i Ab¨ cÖPwjZ Rym¸‡jvi gvb I Zv‡`i evRvi m¤ú„³Zv we‡ePbvq wb‡jb| G‡Z wZwb †`L‡jb MÖvnKiv Ry‡mi is, ¯^v`, NÖvY BZ¨vw`‡Z •ewPΨZv cÖZ¨vkv K‡i| cÖwZ‡hvMx g~‡j¨ Zviv cY¨wU †c‡Z Pvq| wZwb GB cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y m‡Pó nIqvq GLb Avevi weµq e„w× †c‡Z ïiæ Ki‡Q| K. ch©vwqZKiY Kx? 1 L. wkí cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki RymwU c‡Y¨i Rxeb P‡µi †Kvb ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rv‡f‡`i cÖ‡Póvi g~‡j †h welqwU AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q‡Q Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 5. evsjv‡`‡k we‡`wk ¸‡ov `ya Ô†iWKvDÕ Gi Avg`vwbi gva¨‡g mv‡bvqvi GÛ †Kv¤úvwb G †`‡k Kvh©Z e¨vcK nv‡i wUbRvZ ¸‡ov `ya weµq ïiæ K‡i| Gici Zviv A¨vjywgwbqvg d‡qj c¨v‡K‡U G ai‡bi `ya evRviRvZKiY 79

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

Kivq Zv e¨vcK RbwcªqZv cvq| wKš‘ GLb Ô†iWKvDÕ eªv‡Ûi ¸‡ov `ya cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i fx‡o †KvbVvmv| ZvB †Kv¤úvwbwU B‡Zvg‡a¨ we‡`wk wewfbœ eªv‡Ûi Km‡gwU· mvgMÖx evRv‡i wb‡q G‡m‡Q| K. wkí cY¨ Kx? L. †fv³v mš‘wó ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. DÏxc‡Ki ¸‡ov`y‡ai weµq e„wׇZ evRviRvZKi‡Yi †Kvb Kv‡Ri f~wgKv †ewk wQj e¨vL¨v Ki|

1 2 3

N. DÏxc‡Ki eªvÛwU c‡Y¨i Rxeb P‡µi †h ch©v‡q †c․u‡Q‡Q Zv‡Z Zv‡`i bZzb Kvh©e¨e¯’vi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 7. nvwbwWD I myBUej `yÕwU Mv‡qgvLv mvevb| 5 eQi Av‡M GKB gv‡bi I `v‡gi G `yÕwU mvevb cÖwZ‡hvMx c„_K `yÕwU †Kv¤úvwb evRv‡i wb‡q Av‡m| nvwbwWD mvevb †K›`ªxq cvBKvi, ¯’vbxq cvBKvi I LyPiv e¨emvqx n‡q †µZv mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †c․u‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K myBUej mvevb mivmwi ¯’vbxq cwi‡ekK‡`i gva¨‡g evRviRvZ Kiv nq| weMZ 5 eQ‡i Zv‡`i weµq GK‡Ki cwigvY wbgœiƒc wQj: mvev‡bi bvg 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 nvwbwWD 3 †KvwU 4 †KvwU 5 †KvwU 5 †KvwU 4 †KvwU myBUej 2 †KvwU 2 †KvwU 4 †KvwU 5 †KvwU 6 †KvwU K. wecYb cY¨ Kx? 1 L. ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. 2010 mv‡j nvwbwWD mvevbwU c‡Y¨i Rxeb P‡µi †Kvb ch©v‡q wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb †Kv¤úvwbwU eÈb cÖYvjx msµvšÍ wel‡q myweavRbK Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 8. DU gvK©v I nwiY gvK©v `ywU Kvco KvPvi mvevb GKB ¸YMZ gv‡b I †gvo‡K GKB mg‡q evRv‡i Av‡m| DU gvK©v mvev‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g w`‡K h‡_ó weÁvcb †`qv nq| Ab¨w`‡K nwiY gvK©v mvevb weµ‡q ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx‡`i mv‡_ mym¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv nq| GRb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨emvwqK Qvomn †µZv mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ ¯^íKvjxb Aby‡cÖiYv m„wói e¨e¯’v †bqv nq| weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡`i weµ‡qi cwigvY mviYx‡Z Zz‡j aiv n‡j: mvevb/eQi 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi (nvRvi WRb) WRb) WRb) DU gvK©v 10 15 20 15 12 nwiY gvK©v 8 10 12 15 20 K. evRviRvZKiY Kx? 1 L. eÈb cÖYvjx ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. nwiY gvK©v mvev‡bi †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i Rxeb P‡µi †Kvb avcwU Abycw¯’Z e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DU gvK©v mvev‡bi weµq e„w× cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡j evRviRvZKiY cÖmviY Kvh©µ‡gi †Kvb †K․kj MÖnY Kiv myweavRbK n‡e g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 9. cÖgv, BwZ I we›`y wg‡j GKUv d¨vkb nvDR Pvjvq| Zviv Rv‡b †µZv‡`i Pvwn`v ey‡S cY¨ evRv‡i Avb‡j evRviRvZKi‡Y mvdj¨ jvf m¤¢e| wKQz cY¨ Av‡Q hvi Pvwn`v eo †ewk cwieZ©b nq bv| wKš‘ Zviv †h cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i Zvi Pvwn`v, d¨vkb, wWRvBb, is BZ¨vw` mZZ cwieZ©bkxj| †Kvb d¨vkb I wWRvBb mvg‡b evRvi cv‡e Zv AvMvg †f‡e wba©viY Ges †m Abyhvqx cY¨ Drcv`b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| K. eÈb cÖYvjx Kx? 1 L. ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. cÖgv‡`i evRviRvZKiYK…Z cY¨ †fvM¨c‡Y¨i AvIZvq †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 80

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

N. †Kvb cY¨ evRvi cv‡e Zv AvMvg wVK ivi Ici evRviRvZKi‡Yi mvdj¨ wbf©ikxj- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 10. gayi evev †emiKvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi µq e¨e¯’vcK| evRvi-NvU Ki‡Z mgq cvb bv †gv‡UB| gayi gv me ai‡bi cY¨ †K‡bb| Pvj, Wvj I Zwi ZiKvwi gv Kv‡Qi †`vKvb †_‡KB µq †Kib| wKš‘ Rvgv-Kvco wKb‡Z †M‡j gv KZ †`vKvb †Nv‡ib| gay gv‡qi mv‡_ Nyi‡Z K¬všÍ n‡q hvq| gayi evev KvuPvgvj I bvbvb DcKiY memgqB wKb‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡K †mRb¨ Gfv‡e evRv‡i †h‡Z ev Nyi‡Z nq bv| mn‡RB gvjvgvj †c․u‡Q hvq| K. cY¨ Kx? 1 L. †fv³v mš‘wó ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gayi gv †h mKj wRwbm µq K‡ib Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. gayi evev †Kvb ai‡bi cY¨ µq K‡ib? G‡¶‡Î µ‡q mgq Kg jvMvi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 11| mygb fv‡e, gvbyl †hgwb c_ a‡i †n‡U ev Mvwo‡Z MšÍ‡e¨ hvq †Zgwb c‡Y¨iI GKUv MšÍe¨ _v‡K| cY¨ †h ai‡biB ewj e¨emv‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡Z iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i GKRb Avi wewfbœ evav †cwi‡q bvbvb Dc‡hvM m„wói ga¨ w`‡q GK mgq Zv †c․u‡Q Zvi MšÍ‡e¨| GKUv evm `xN© c_cwiµgvq †hgwb hvÎv weiwZ K‡i †Zgwb cY¨I GKRvqMv †_‡K G‡m Ab¨ RvqMvq _v‡g| Avevi P‡j| GB _vgvi cwigvY †ewk n‡j hvÎv‡Z †hgwb AwaK mgq e¨q nq †Zgwb cY¨I †ewkevi hvÎvweiwZ Ki‡j e¨q †e‡o hvq| K. cY¨ Kx? 1 L. evRviRvZKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx cY¨ Zvi MšÍ‡e¨ Kx‡mi ga¨ w`‡q †c․u‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. c‡Y¨i hvÎv weiwZ‡Z cÖwZUv ¯Í‡i Kviv Ae¯’vb K‡i? †ewkevi hvÎv weiwZ‡Z e¨q ev‡o ejvi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 12| wg. nvmvb wkí gvwjK| wZwb †h cY¨ Drcv`b K‡ib GUv XvKvi PKevRv‡i KZK¸‡jv cvBKvwi †`vKv‡b P‡j hvq| †mLvb †_‡K †Rjv ch©v‡qi ¯’vbxq cvBKviiv wK‡b LyPiv e¨emvqx‡`i wbKU weµq K‡i| AZtci Zv †µZv ev †fv³vi Kv‡Q †c․u‡Q| wg. nvmvb GLb †`L‡Qb Zvi cÖwZ‡hvMxiv ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q wWjvi wb‡qvM w`‡q Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cY¨ cvVv‡”Q| G‡Z Zv‡`i weµq evo‡Q| ZvB wg. nvmvb e›Ub cÖYvjx wb‡q bZzb wKQz fve‡Qb hv‡Z cÖK…Z †µZv‡`i myweav nq| K. †fv³v †K? 1 L. wkí cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. nvmvb †µZv ev †fv³v‡`i wbKU cY¨ †c․uQv‡Z Kv‡`i Ici wbf©i K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. nvmvb eÈb cÖYvjx wb‡q †h bZzb wKQz fve‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 13| byiæ wgqv MÖv‡gi nvU †_‡K meRx wK‡b †Rjv m`‡i wb‡q f¨vbMvwo‡Z weµq K‡i| †m †hgwb Kg`v‡g †K‡b †Zgwb †m Kg jv‡f †e‡P| †m GLb †`L‡Q eo e¨emvqxiv eo iv¯Ívi cv‡ki evRv‡i e‡m _v‡K| byiæ wgqvi gZ e¨emvqxiv cY¨ wK‡b G‡`i wbKU weµq K‡i| c‡i eo Uªv‡K gvj f‡i H e¨emvqxiv XvKvi Avo‡Z cvVvq| †m ï‡b‡Q, †mLvb †_‡K Avevi Zvi g‡Zv †QvU e¨emvqxiv wK‡b †µZv‡`i wbKU weµq K‡i| Z‡e †m †hgb `v‡g weµq K‡i Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk `v‡g †mLv‡b meRx weµq nq| K. †fv³v mš‘wó Kx? 1 L. c‡Y¨i RxebPµ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. byiæ wgqv †Kvb ai‡bi we‡µZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. XvKvq meRxi g~j¨ †ewk nIqvi wcQ‡b KviI bv KviI †`․ivZ¥¨ weivRgvb- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 81

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY 14| kvgxg K…l‡Ki †Q‡j| ivRkvnx‡Z evox| †m GLb XvKvq _v‡K| XvKvq kvK-meRxi GZ `vg| †m †`L‡Q Zvi evwo‡Z hvi `vg 10 UvKv †ewk Zv XvKvi evRv‡i LyPiv we‡µZviv 25/30 UvKvq weµq K‡i| †m fv‡e hw` Ggb n‡Zv †h K…lKiv GK‡Î Zv‡`i cY¨ wbR¯^ ZË¡veav‡b XvKvq gv‡K©U¸‡jv‡Z G‡b †µZv ev †fv³v‡`i wbKU weµq Ki‡Zv| Z‡e G‡Z meviB jvf n‡Zv| K. wecYb cY¨ Kx? 1 L. cvBKvwi e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. kvgxg 10 UvKvi meRx XvKvq †ewk `v‡g weµ‡qi wcQ‡b Kv‡`i‡K `vqx Ki‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evRviRvZKiY wel‡q kvgx‡gi bZzb fvebvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 15| iÄb XvKvi kniZjx‡Z evm K‡i| cÖwZw`b bvbvb wRwbm wKb‡Z nq| Zvi fvebv GB gvj¸‡jv †Kv‡Ì‡K Av‡m| †m Zvi cwiwPZ cv‡ki †`vKvb`vi mÄy KvKv‡K G wel‡q wRÁvmv Ki‡jv| KvKv ej‡jb, XvKvi PK evRvi, †gvMjUzjx BZ¨vw` RvqMvq A‡bK eo eo e¨emvqx‡`i †`vKvb| eo ¸`v‡g gvj fwZ©| †mLv‡b †_‡K ¯’vbxq eo I †QvU e¨emvqxiv gvj wK‡b G‡b weµq K‡i| mÄy KvKvi AwfgZ, GB e¨emvqxiv bv _vK‡j Avgv‡`i gZ e¨emvqx‡`i c‡¶ Drcv`K †_‡K gvj wK‡b G‡b weµq m¤¢e wQj bv| K. mivmwi evRviRvZKiY Kx? 1 L. evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mÄy KvKv ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eo ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx bv _vK‡j †QvU e¨emvqx‡`i c‡¶ gvj wK‡b weµq m¤¢e wQj bv- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Gi mg_©b‡hvM¨Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 16| mvfv‡i †m․wLb eywUK‡mi KviLvbv| †mLv‡b wkï-wK‡kvi, bvix-cyiæl me‡kªYxi bvbvb cQ‡›`i I wWRvB‡bi †cvlvK •Zwi n‡”Q| wWRvBbKvixiv wWRvBb Ki‡Q, KvwUs Pj‡Q, †mjvB Pj‡Q, wewfbœ nv‡Zi KvR, Qvcvi KvR mevB LyeB e¨¯Í| cÖ_‡g cÖwZôvbwU XvKvi wbDgv‡K©‡U GKUv †kv-iæg Ki‡jI GLb XvKvi wewfbœ AwfRvZ gv‡K©‡U Zv‡`i †kv-iæg| B‡Zvg‡a¨ h‡_ó cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Q| Zviv Avkv Ki‡Q AvMvgx cvuP eQ‡i †`‡ki eo eo kni¸‡jv‡Z Kvh©µg we¯Ívi Ki‡e| C` mvg‡b †i‡L Zviv g~j¨n«v‡mi e¨vcK Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| K. ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx †K? 1 L. †fvM¨ cY¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. †m․wLb eywUKm †Kvb ai‡bi LzPiv e¨emvq cÖwZôvb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. C` mvg‡b †i‡L †m․wLb eywUKm& Gi g~j¨ n«v‡mi e¨vcK Kg©m~Px evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi f~wgKv ivL‡e g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 17| wg. ZvbwRj XvKvi w`jKzkvq PvKwi K‡ib| cv‡kB AUwei weivU †kv-iæg| B`vwbs Zviv cÖPzi A_© LiP K‡i RvZxq wewfbœ m¤cÖPvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i cY¨‡K cwiwPZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| wg. ZvbwRj fv‡e gwZwS‡ji †kv-iæ‡g †ePvi Rb¨ cÖPvi K‡i mviv‡`‡ki †jvK‡`i Rvbv‡bvi `iKvi Kx? wm‡jU †h‡Z wZwb †Lqvj Ki‡jb iv¯Ívi cv‡k Kgc‡¶ cvuPk RvqMvq AUwei †kv-iæg| wZwb eyR‡Qb G¸‡jv Zv‡`i gvwjKvbvq cÖwZwôZ bq eis Pzw³ K‡i Zv‡i` cY¨ †KvD weµq Ki‡Q|

K. evRviRvZKiY Kx? 1 L. †fv³v mš‘wó ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ZvbwR‡ji †`Lv †kviæ‡gi gvwjKMY †Kvb ai‡bi ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AUwe Zv‡`i cY¨‡K cwiwPZ Kivi Rb¨ evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii †h †K․kj e¨envi Ki‡Q Zvi hZv_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 18| AvwKR MÖæc evsjv‡`‡ki AZ¨šÍ ¯^bvgab¨ cÖwZôvb| Zv‡`i PvbvPzi, PvUwb, Rymmn cÖwZUv cY¨ wb‡q wUwf weÁvc‡bi QovQwo| A_P evsjv‡`‡k †U·UvBj, Mv‡g©›Um, e¨vsK, exgvmn KZ e¨emvqx-hv‡`i †Zgb wUwf weÁvcb †bB| cvU, Zzjv, Pvgov BZ¨vw` KvuPvgv‡ji weÁvcb †`qv nq bv| Mvwoi hš¿vsk, fvix hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vw`i weÁvcb †`qv n‡jI Zv †Zgb

82

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

`„k¨gvb bq| wg. Avjg bvbvb c‡Y¨ weÁvc‡bi bvbvb Ae¯’v †f‡e PgrK…Z nb| wZwb fv‡eb, Zvn‡j weÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©i K‡i|

K. cY¨ Kx? L. weµwqKZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. DÏxc‡Ki bgybv Abyhvqx MÖæc †Kvb ai‡bi c‡Y¨i †¶‡Î wUwf weÁvcb w`‡q _v‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| N. weÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©i K‡i- wg. Avj‡gi G fvebv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|

1 2 3 4

19| iwngv dzWm cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i fx‡o me©Î fv‡jv e¨emvq Kiv hv‡e bv †f‡e KZK¸‡jv _vbv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i †mLv‡b me©kw³ wb‡qvM K‡i‡Q| cÖwZUv _vbvq hviv Zv‡`i cY¨ LyPiv e¨emvqx‡`i wbKU †c․uQv‡bvi mvgwMÖK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Zv‡`i‡K G GjvKvq weµq e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB cÖwk¶Y w`‡q‡Q| G‡Z Zviv LyPiv we‡µZv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡Z mg_© nq| Zviv wewfbœ †gv‡o †gv‡o I †`vKv‡b wb‡R‡`i mvBb‡evW© Uvwb‡q‡Q| •ekvLx Qvo, 5 c¨v‡K‡U 1 c¨v‡KU wd« - Gfv‡e bvbvb Kg©m~wP wb‡q G¸‡”Q| d‡j G gv‡K©‡U Ab¨‡`i Zzjbvq Zviv GwM‡q|

K. cvU †Kvb ai‡bi cY¨?

1 L. c‡Y¨i Rxeb Pµ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki iwngv dzWm Gi c‡¶ cÖwZUv _vbvq hviv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Zviv †Kvb ai‡bi ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx e¨vL¨v Ki|3 N. Uv‡M©U _vbvmg~‡n weµq e„w×i Rb¨ iwngv dzWm †h ai‡bi Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 20| ¯^cœv XvKvi avgbwÛ GjvKvi cyivZb †MÖvmvwi kc| Zviv Pvj-Wvjmn gyw`i wewfbœ wRwmcÎ weµq K‡i| GjvKvq bZzb bZzb d¬vUevwo M‡o DVvq bZzb MÖvn‡Ki msL¨v w`b w`b e¨vcKfv‡e evo‡Q| ZvB GB MÖvnK‡`i AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ ¯^cvœ KZ©„c¶ evRviRvZKiY cÖmvi Kvh©µg nv‡Z wb‡Z Pv‡”Q| GRb¨ Zviv cÖ_‡g wUwf‡Z cÖPvi Kvh©µg Pvjv‡e fve‡jI bvbvb we‡ePbvq GLb Zviv my›`iI AvKl©Yxq wjd‡jU •Zwi K‡i evwo evwo †c․u‡Q w`‡”Q|

K. †fv³v †K? 1 L. wkí cY¨ e‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. ¯^cœv ewYK ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx wn‡m‡e †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ¯^cœv KZ©„c¶ cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ †h Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡i‡Q Zv evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii †K․kj wn‡m‡e KZUv h_v_© we‡kølY Ki| 4 21| cÖvY †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡`i PvbvPzi, PvUwb, Rymmn bvbvb c‡Y¨i cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ cÖPzi A_© e¨q K‡i e¨vcK weÁvcb †`q| ¯‥qviI Zv‡`i Km‡gwU·, gmjv, mvevbmn bvbvb cY¨ wewfbœ RvZxq m¤cÖPvi gva¨‡g weÁvcb w`‡q cÖPzi A_© e¨q K‡i| wKš‘ Zviv †h Jla Drcv`b K‡i Zvi Rb¨ G ai‡bi weÁvcb †`q bv, †mLv‡b Wv³vi‡`i‡K webvg~‡j¨ bgybv weZiY, we‡µZv‡`i we‡kl Kwgkb cÖ`vb, Wv³vi‡`i wewfbœ Kg©m~wP‡Z Avw_©K mnvqZv `vb BZ¨vw` †K․kj MÖnY K‡i|

K. †fvM¨ cY¨ Kx? L. cvBKvix e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. ¯‥qvi Zv‡`i Jl‡ai weµq e„w×i Rb¨ evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii †Kvb †K․kj e¨envi K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki `yÕwU †Kv¤úvwb e¨vcK A_© LiP K‡i †hB gva¨‡g weÁvcb †`q Zvi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki|

1 2 3 4

22| cÖPv‡iB cÖmvi GUv `viæbfv‡e Dcjwä K‡ib wg. DwÏb| wZwb hLb gv‡K©‡U bZzb kvox Kvc‡oi †`vKvb †`b ZLb mevB‡K Zv Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ AvKl©Yxq wjd‡jU •Zwi K‡i GjvKvq weZiY K‡iwQ‡jb| Ôevnvwi kvwoi Ac~e© mgvnviÕ D‡jøL K‡i †cv÷vi I e¨vbvi Uvwb‡qwQ‡jb| GLbI bvbvb mg‡q wZwb GUv K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi †`vKvb m¤ú‡K© mevB Rv‡b| wZwb c‡i we‡klfv‡e †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb weµq Kg©x‡`i `¶Zv e„w× I Zv‡`i AvPi‡Yi Dbœqb mva‡b| G‡ZI wZwb mdj| evRv‡ii Ab¨iv Zvi mdjZvq nZevK|

K. ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx †K? L. LyPiv e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

1 2

M. wg. DwÏb cÖ_g cÖPv‡ii †h †K․kj wb‡q‡Qb Zv evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii †Kvb †K․k‡ji Aaxb e¨vL¨v Ki|

3

N. wg. DwÏb cieZ©x‡Z †hB ai‡bi †K․k‡ji cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 83

4

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

23| nxivjvj avb Drcv`b K‡i msmvi Pvjvq| †m Ges Zvi GjvKvi Ab¨vb¨ Pvlxiv cÖwZ †g․my‡g Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z avb ¯’vbxq dwoqv gwdR e¨vcvwii Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`q| `~‡i M‡Ä wb‡q wewµ Ki‡j Zv‡`i evowZ gybvdv cvIqvi my‡hvM _vK‡jI cwienY RwUjZvq Zv m¤¢e nq bv| gwdR e¨vcvwi msM„wnZ avb M‡Äi wewfbœ cvBKvi ev ivBmwg‡j mieivn K‡i Avw_K©fv‡e jvfevb nq| cieZ©x‡Z cvBKvi ev wgj gvwjKMY Pvj Drcv`b K‡i gvb Abyhvqx Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e Zv Pv‡ji cvBKvwi evRv‡i mieivn K‡i| hv Zv‡`i cÖPzi gybvdv Kivi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| †mLvb †_‡K G mKj Pvj LyPiv we‡µZv‡`i nvZ a‡i †fv³v‡`i Kv‡Q †c․uQvq| K. evRviRvZKiY Kx? 1 L. †K c‡Y¨i g~j¨ wba©viY K‡i?

2 M. DÏxc‡K nxivjvj‡`i Drcvw`Z cY¨ wKfv‡e evRviRvZ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cY¨ eÈb cÖYvwj‡Z gwdR e¨vcvwi‡`i g‡Zv c¶mg~n hy³ n‡j c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKi‡Y Kx ai‡bi cÖfve co‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? gZvgZ `vI| 4 24| mvLvIqv‡Zi XvKvi AvwRR gv‡K©‡U Ô‡U· evRviÕ bv‡g GKwU †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| †m wewfbœ Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wii ÷K j‡Ui wU-kvU© wK‡b Av‡b| Zvi µqK…Z wU-kv‡U©i ga¨ †_‡K ÎæwUc~Y©¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i †m µqg~‡j¨i †P‡qI Kg g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K ÎæwUnxb wU-kvU©¸‡jv‡K gvb I mvBR Abyhvqx Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e c¨v‡KU K‡i A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i| eZ©vg‡b mvLvIqvZ GKRb mdj e¨emvqx| †m AvMvgx gv‡m DËivq Ô‡U· evRvi-2Õ †Lvjvi Rb¨ wZb nvRvi eM©dzU AvqZ‡bi GKwU †d¬vi fvov wb‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b wRvbm& c¨v›U, †KWm& Ges cviwdDgI wewµ Kivi cwiKíbv i‡q‡Q Zvi| K. cY¨ Kx? 1 L. c‡Y¨i RxebPµ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K mvLvIqv‡Zi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ evRviRvZKi‡Y †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wm×v‡šÍi d‡j e¨emvwqK mvd‡j¨i avivevwnKZv a‡i ivL‡Z mvLvIqvZ KZUv mdj n‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³ †`LvI| 4 25| mvbmvBb Km‡gwUKm wjt m¤ú~Y© †`kxq KvuPvgvj Øviv MZ GKhyM a‡i AvšÍRv© wZK gvbm¤úbœ Km‡gwUKm mvgMÖx Drcv`b K‡i Avm‡Q| †`‡ki mvaviY RbMYmn m‡PZb mKj bvMwiK mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G cÖwZôv‡bi Drcvw`Z cY¨mvgMÖx| bZzb Drcvw`Z cY¨ evRv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi c~‡e© cÖwZôvbwU wewfbœ gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi wbKU c‡Y¨i •ewkó¨, gvb, ¸Yv¸Y, e¨envi wewa BZ¨vw` Zz‡j a‡i| GgbwK cÖv_wgKfv‡e gvV ch©v‡q webvg~‡j¨ cY¨ weZi‡Yi ci MÖvnK‡`i wbKU †_‡K cY¨ e¨envi cieZ©x mš‘w÷ /Amš‘wó welqK wewfbœ Z_¨ GKwU wba©vwiZ gZvgZ di‡gi gva¨‡g msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| G‡Z †fv³vi Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K©I Rvbv m¤¢e Ges cY¨wU h‡_ó Pvwn`v wb‡q evRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| K. wkí cY¨ Kx? 1 L. LyPiv e¨emvqx wK g~j¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡i?

2 M. mvbmvBb Km‡gwUKm wj. †Kvb RvZxq †fvM¨cY¨ Drcv`b K‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. “Customer is the King”- mvbmvBb Km‡gwUKm& wjt Gi Kvh©µ‡g GB w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q e‡j wK Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI? 4 26| XvKvi wUKvUzwj‡Z nvgx‡gi GKwU †eKvwi Av‡Q| ¯’vbxq †fv³v‡`i wbKU Zvi †eKvwii cY¨ mybvg AR©b Ki‡Q| wKQzw`b c~‡e© XvKvi wewfbœ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cY¨ mieiv‡ni Rb¨ nvgxg †ekwKQz digv‡qk cvq| wKš‘ wbR¯^ cwienY bv _vKvq †m GKUz `~‡ii cÖwZôv‡b cY¨ mieivn Ki‡Z mgm¨vq cowQj| G mgq cwienY myweavi Rb¨ mvwK‡ei mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv n‡j BwZevPK mvov cvIqv hvq| Z‡e cÖ_g Ae¯’vq mvwKe wbR¯^ e¨e¯’vcbvq nvgxg‡K mwVKfv‡e cY¨ †c․u‡Q w`‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡jI B`vwbs †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b cY¨ mgqgZ †c․uQv‡Z e¨_© n‡”Q| d‡j †ek wKQz cY¨ bó n‡”Q Ges nvgx‡gi e¨emvq weiƒc cÖfve co‡Q| K. cÖwgZKiY Kx? 1 L. cÖPvi I weÁvc‡bi g‡a¨ D‡Ïk¨MZ cv_©K¨ wK? 2 84

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

evRvi Ges evRviRvZKiY

M. mvwKe eÈbcÖYvjxi †Kvb ch©v‡q Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. e¨emv‡qi mybvg i¶v‡_© nvgx‡gi GLb KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki|

3 4

L. cÖwgZKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. A‡iÄ wWD mvev‡bi †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi †Kvb avcwU Abycw¯’Z? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evRv‡ii A‡iÄ wWD mvev‡bi b¨vq wWD Wªcm mvev‡bi weµq cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡j KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4

27| †Kqv nvievj I wkevwY nvievj bvgK `ywU k¨v¤úy GKB mv‡_ evRv‡i Av‡m| ¸YMZ gvb I †gvoKxKiY †µZv‡`i wbKU AvKl©Yxq _vKv m‡Ë¡I cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡`i weµ‡qi wfbœZv cwijw¶Z nq, hv wb‡gœi mviwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| eQi 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 k¨v¤úy (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) (nvRvi WRb) †Kqv nvievj 6 12 18 13 10 wkevwY nvievj 6 13 24 29 29 (K) wefvMxq wecwY Kx? 1 (L) †kqvi evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) wkevwY nvievj k¨v¤úyi †¶‡Î c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi †Kvb avcwU Abycw¯’Z? hyw³mn we‡k­lY K‡iv| 3 (N) evRv‡i wkevwb nvievj k¨v¤úyi b¨vq †Kqv nvievj k¨v¤úyi weµq cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡j KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn we‡k­lY Ki| 4 28| Rbve AvgRv` GKRb MÖvg¨ Wv³vi| wZwb wbqwgZ †ivMx †`‡Lb Ges MÖv‡gi evRv‡i Zvi Jl‡ai †`vKvbwU Pvjvb| w`‡b iv‡Z MÖv‡gi gvbyl Jl‡ai cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi †`vKv‡b Av‡m| Av‡M wZwb wewfbœ †`vKvb †_‡K Jla wK‡b Avb‡jI GLb K‡qKwU Jla †Kv¤úvwbi †jvK mivmwi Zv‡K Jla w`‡q hvq| GZ wZwb Kg`v‡g Jla cvb| †ewkifvM Jla wK‡b Avbvi Sv‡gjv †_‡K wZwb GLb gy³| Mixe †µZv‡`i Kg `v‡b Jla mieivn Ki‡Z cvivq wZwb Z…ß| (K) †fv³v †K? 1 (L) eûkvLv wecwY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) Rbve AvgRv` †h †fv³vcY¨ weµq K‡i Zv c‡Y¨i cÖK…wZ we‡ePbvq †Kvb ai‡bi cY¨? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki Rbve AvgRv` mivmwi Jla cvIqvq Kv‡`i †`․ivZ¥ n«vm †c‡q‡Q? †Zvgvi cwVZ wel‡qi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4

85

8g Aa¨vq

Avg`vwb I ißvwb Import & Export

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| cÖvY G‡MÖv wj: GKwU K…wl wfwËK cY¨ Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb| evsjv‡`k †_‡K KuvPv kvKmewR, djg~j, wewfbœ c¨v‡KURvZ Lv`¨`ªe¨ wewfbœ †`‡k ißvwb K‡i Ges we‡`kx djg~j I ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw` Avg`vwb K‡i| Avg`vwb I ißvwb Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖvY me ai‡bi wbqgbxwZ AbymiY I h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i| wbR¯^ I‡qe mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖvY we‡`wk †µZv cvq Ges Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K digv‡qkcÎ cvIqvi ci †µZv mš‘wói wfwˇZ ißvwbi Kvh©µg K‡i _v‡K| K. ißvwb Kx? 1 L. digv‡qkcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt ißvwbi †ÿ‡Î †h me wbqg Kvbyb AbymiY K‡i- †m¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b cÖvY G‡MÖv Kx ai‡bi Ae`vb ivL‡Z †c‡i‡Q? g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. GK †`k †_‡K cY¨ G‡b Ab¨ †`‡k cY¨ weµq Kiv‡K ißvwb e‡j| A_©vr weµ‡qi Rb¨ we‡`‡k cY¨ †cÖiY‡KB ißvwb e‡j| L. †h c‡Îi gva¨‡g Avg`vwbKviK‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY cY¨ µ‡qi cÖ¯Íve †`q Zv‡K digv‡qkcÎ e‡j| digv‡qkc‡Î c‡Y¨i cwigvY, c‡Y¨i g~j¨, gvb, mieiv‡ni ZvwiL, mgq BZ¨vw` D‡jøL _v‡K| M. †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK DbœwZi Rb¨ e¨emv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ißvwbi gva¨‡g GKwU †`‡ki •e‡`wkK gy`ªv †hgb AwR©Z nq †Zgwb GwU RvZxq ivR¯^ e„w× I Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó QvovI wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| cY¨ ißvwbi †ÿ‡Î wKQz c`‡ÿc AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt cY¨ ißvwbi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_‡g evB‡ii †`k †_‡K AW©vi Avm‡Z n‡e| AW©vi hyw³m½Z n‡j cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡e| AW©vi MÖnY Kivi ci cÖvY G‡MÖv Avg`vwbKvi‡K Gj wm †Lvjvi wb‡`©k w`‡e Gici wewbgq nvi wba©viY, ißvwb jvB‡mÝ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| GBKvR¸‡jv m¤úv`‡bi ci RvnvRfvov, exgvcÎ MÖnY I ïé wefv‡Mi AbygwZ wb‡Z nq| me©‡k‡l Rvnv‡R cY¨ †evSvB, cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi msev` cÖ`vb, `wjj •Zix, g~j¨cÖvwß Ges †jb‡`‡bi cwimgvwß nq| N. ißvwb n‡jv wb‡Ri †`k n‡Z DØ„Ë cY¨ Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡k weµq Kiv| Aci w`‡K Avg`vwb n‡jv Ab¨ †`k †_‡K cY¨ mvgMÖx weµ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡Ri †`‡k Avbv| GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b Avg`vwb I ißvwb DfqB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt GKw`‡K KuvPv mewR I djg~j ißvwb K‡i Aci w`‡K we‡`kx djg~j I ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw` Avg`vwb K‡i| cÖwZôvbwUi Avg`vwb ißvwbi †ÿ‡Î †`‡ki DbœwZ‡Z Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt Avg`vwb ißvwb evwY‡R¨ wewfbœfv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Q| cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt †`‡ki gvby‡li Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ evwn‡ii †`k n‡Z djg~j Avg`vwb Ki‡Q| G‡Z gvby‡li cywói Pvwn`v wgU‡Q| cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt cÖavbZ K…wlRvZ cY¨ mvgMÖx we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i| G‡Z †`‡ki K…wlRvZ wk‡íi Dbœqb NU‡Q| cÖv‡Yi Avg`vwb ißvwb Kvh©µg myô yfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK Rbe‡ji cÖ‡qvRb| G‡Z A‡bK gvby‡li Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM n‡q‡Q| cÖvY G‡MÖv wjt

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Avg`vwb I ißvwb Zv‡`i cY¨ mvgMÖx we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i RvZxq Avq e„wׇZ Ae`vb ivL‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq •e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g †`k‡K AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv AR©‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Nitol Motors evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU weL¨vZ Mvwoi hš¿vsk Avg`vwbKviK cÖwZôvb| GwU Mvwoi hš¿vsk Avg`vwb Kivi Rb¨ e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖZ¨qcÎ Ly‡j †jb‡`b wb®úwË K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ hš¿vsk Avg`vwb Kivi †ÿ‡Î GwU wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb nq| ZvB Nitol Motors cY¨ Avg`vwbi mv‡_ mswkøó mgm¨v Kxfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hvq Zvi Dcvq LyuR‡Z jvMj| K. cÖfe †jL Kx? 1 L. cÖZ¨qcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Nitol Motors cY¨ Avg`vwbi †ÿ‡Î Kx Kx mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i?

3 N. Nitol Motors cY¨ Avg`vwbi mv‡_ RwoZ mgm¨v Kxfv‡e mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. ißvwb KviK c‡Y¨i Drcw˯’j m¤ú‡K© †h †NvlYvcÎ ev `wjj cÖ¯Z ‘ K‡i Zv‡K cÖfe †jL e‡j| L. cÖZ¨qcÎ n‡jv e¨vsK KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z Ggb GK ai‡bi wbðqZvcÎ hvi gva¨‡g e¨vsK Avg`vwbKviK ev †µZvi c‡ÿ ißvwbKviK ev we‡µZvi AbyK~‡j Avg`vwbK…Z c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai wel‡q wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ Dfqc‡ÿi cvi¯úwiK cwiP‡qi Afve Ges g~j¨ cwi‡kvamn Ab¨vb¨ Amyweav `~i Kivi Rb¨B mgMÖ we‡k¦ cÖZ¨qc‡Îi cÖPjb N‡U‡Q| M. we‡`k n‡Z cY¨`ªe¨ µq K‡i ¯^‡`‡k Avbvi cÖwµqv‡K Avg`vwb e‡j| †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Pvwn`v c~iY Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYZ we‡`k n‡Z cY¨ ev †mev mvgMÖx µq Kiv nq| Nitol Motors †K cY¨ Avg`vwbi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| Nitol Motors Mvwoi hš¿vsk Avg`vwb K‡i _v‡K| †h †`k †_‡K hš¿vsk Avg`vwb K‡i †m †`‡ki gy`ªvi gv‡bi mv‡_ G‡`‡ki gy`ªvi gv‡bi cv_©K¨ n‡q _v‡K| ißvwbKviK †`‡ki bxwZgvjv Avi Avgv‡`i †`‡ki bxwZgvjvi †ÿ‡Î wfbœZv _vKvq Nitol Motors †K G‡ÿ‡Î A‡bK mgm¨vq co‡Z nq| Nitol Motors Avg`vwb cÖwµqv m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨ †`‡ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Nitol Motors AbybœZ †hvMv‡hvM, AeKvVv‡gvMZ mgm¨vq c‡o| Avgv‡`i †`‡k AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZv Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zzjbvq A‡bK †ekx| G‡ÿ‡Î cY¨ Avg`vwbi †ÿ‡Î Nitol Motors †K bvbvb AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZvq co‡Z nq| N. Ab¨‡`k n‡Z cY¨ ev †mev •e‡`wkK gy`ªvi wewbg‡q µq Kiv‡K Avg`vwb e‡j| Avg`vwbi gva¨‡g GKwU †`k Zv‡`i wbR †`‡ki cY¨ ev †mevi Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i _v‡K| cY¨ Avg`vwbi mgq AvgjvZvwš¿K †h me RwUjZv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv wbim‡b Nitol Motors †K `ªæZ D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e| ißvwbKviK †`‡ki gy`ªvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i gy`ªvi gvb Aek¨B wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| Avg`vwbK…Z cY¨ hv‡Z `ªæZ Lvjvm Kiv hvq †mRb¨ AvaywbK hš¿cvwZi mgvnvi NUv‡e| Nitol Motors †K Aek¨B ißvwbKviK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ mym¤úK© ivL‡Z n‡e| Avg`vwb m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ ZvovZvwo †c‡Z Nitol Motors †K cÖwZôv‡b AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| evsjv‡`k AeKvVv‡gvMZfv‡e A‡bK `ye©j| ZvB Avg`vwb evov‡bvi Rb¨ AeKvVv‡gvMZfv‡e DbœZ n‡Z n‡e| 87

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Avg`vwb I ißvwb

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| cvwK¯Ívb fviZ Avg`vwb

cyb:ißvwb

evsjv‡`k cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i/ mivmwi K. Avg`vwb Kx? L. cyb:ißvwb e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. fviZ Kx Kvi‡Y cyb:ißvwb c×wZi Avkªq wb‡e?

N. evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb Pvj e¨emvqxi c‡ÿ Pv‡ji cyb:ißvwb KZUzKz hyw³hy³ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? DËi: K. weµ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ cY¨, †mev ev aviYv µq K‡i Avbv‡K Avg`vwb e‡j|

1 2 3 4

L. GK †`k n‡Z cY¨ wK‡b Ab¨ †`‡k weµq Kivi GKUv wbqg wek¦e¨vcx cÖPwjZ| A_©vr GK †`‡ki Avg`vwbK…Z cY¨ Ab¨ †`‡k ißvwb Kiv n‡j Zv‡K cyb:ißvwb e¨emvq ejv nq| cY¨ ißvwbKviK Zvi ißvvwbK…Z cY¨ †hgb wbR †`k n‡Z msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi we‡`k n‡ZI msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Giƒc ißvwbi †ÿ‡Î cY¨ msMÖ‡ni Drm we‡`k n‡j Zv nq cybtißvwb| M. fvi‡Zi mv‡_ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‣bwZK I A_©‣bwZK m¤úK© fvj †bB| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y GB `y&B †`‡ki m¤ú‡K© msNvZ †j‡MB _v‡K| fvi‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi wewfbœ c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| evwYwR¨K wb‡lavÁvi Kvi‡Y fviZ cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wewfbœ cY¨, †mev BZ¨vw` Avg`vwb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv| fviZ cyb:ißvwb e¨emv‡qi gva¨‡g wewfbœ cY¨ cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Z cv‡i| N. †Kvb †`k ev Gi †Kvb e¨emvqx we‡`k †_‡K cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i Zv Avevi Z…Zxq Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡k ißvwb Ki‡j Zv‡K cyb:ißvwb e‡j| cyb:ißvwb e¨emvq jvfRbK e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb Pvj e¨emvqxi c‡ÿ cyb:ißvwb evwYR¨ AwaK hyw³hy³ nIqvi wewfbœ KviY i‡q‡Q| cyb:ißvwb evwYR¨ GKwU jvfRbK e¨emvq| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki Pvj e¨emvqx cvwK¯Ívb wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb †`k †_‡K Pvj Avg`vwb K‡i Zv Avevi Z…Zxq †Kvb †`‡k ißvwb Ki‡Z cv‡i| AvšÍRv© wZK evRv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Pv‡ji e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki Pvwn`v wgwU‡q Pvj ißvwb Kiv m¤¢e bq| ZvB e¨emvqx‡`i c‡ÿ Pvj Avg`vwb K‡i Z…Zxq †Kvb †`‡k Pvj ißvwb Kiv m¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡ki mgy`ª c_ w`‡q cY¨ Avg`vwb ißvwb †ek mnR| ZvB we‡`k †_‡K Pvj Avg`vwb K‡i cyb:ißvwb Ki‡j †Zgb LiP †ewk n‡e bv| eis AwaK g~‡j¨ we‡`‡k ißvwb Kiv hv‡e| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| eveyj †nv‡mb fviZ †_‡K myZv I Kvco Avg`vwb K‡i gvbm¤§Z †iwW‡gU †cvkvK •Zwi K‡i hy³iv‡óª ißvwb K‡ib| Avg`vwb‡Z eZ©gv‡b Zv‡K 100% UvKv cwi‡kva K‡i L.C Lyj‡Z nq, hv e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Ki‡Q| e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y wZwb cÖvBg e¨vsK wj. †_‡K A_©msMÖ‡ni †Póv Ki‡Qb| 88

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Avg`vwb I ißvwb K. cyb:ißvwb Kx? 1 L. cY¨ Avg`vwb cÖwµqvwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`LvI| 2 M. hy³iv‡óª •Zwi †cvkvK ißvwb‡Z eveyj †nv‡mb Kx Kx mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Y †Kvb `wj‡ji f~wgKv Acwimxg e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. GKwU ¯^vaxb †`k n‡Z cY¨ `ªe¨ µq K‡i Ab¨ GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡k weµq Kiv‡K cyb:ißvwb e‡j| L. e¨emv‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ab¨ †`k n‡Z cY¨`ªe¨ µq Kiv‡K Avg`vwb e‡j| cY¨ Avg`vwb cÖwµqvwU wbgœiƒc: jvB‡mÝ msMÖn ↓

Z_¨ AbymÜvb ↓

AW©vi cÖ`vb ↓

•e‡`wkK gy`ªv msMÖn ↓

Gj. wm. †Lvjv ↓

wewbgq nvi wba©viY ↓

cY¨ †cÖiY msev` cÖvwß ↓

wej cwi‡kva ↓

ïé welqK AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb ↓

cY¨ LvjvmKiY ↓

AvbyôvwbKZvi mgvwß

M. cY¨ ißvwb‡Z eveyj †nv‡mb‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| hy³iv‡óª •Zwi †cvlvK ißvwb‡Z cÖPzi A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq| A‡bK mgq eveyj †nv‡mb mgq g‡Zv A‡_©i †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| d‡j ißvwb Kvh© e¨nZ nq| ißvwb evwY‡R¨ A‡bK AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb Ki‡Z nq, hv cY¨ ißvwb‡Z mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| ißvwb evwYR¨ Dbœq‡b miKv‡ii me©vZ¥K mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq miKv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cvIqv hvq bv| •Zwi †cvlvK ißvwb‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K fviZ I Px‡bi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z n‡”Q hv ißvwb KvR‡K e¨vnZ K‡i| N. •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Y cÖZ¨qc‡Îi f~wgKv Acwimxg| cÖZ¨qc‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vsK Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki e¨_©Zvq ißvwbKviK g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai wbðqZv †`q| d‡j ißvwbKviK wbwe©‡Nœ cY¨ ißvwb Ki‡Z cv‡i| `y‡Uv †`‡ki †µZv we‡µZvi g‡a¨ c~e© cwiwPwZ _v‡K bv| d‡j Zv‡`i †`bv cvIbv SzuwKc~Y© n‡q I‡V| cÖ Z¨qc‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vsK `yyÕ‡Uv cÿ‡K Avw_©K wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| cÖZ¨qc‡Îi cÖPj‡bi d‡j †`‡ki ißvwb Ges RvZxq Avq e„w× cvq| e¨vsK AwaK cwigv‡Y cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ Ki‡j †`‡ki †µZviv cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i Ges bZzb bZzb evRvi m„wó nq| e¨vsK cÖZ¨qc‡Îi Bmy¨i gva¨‡g ißvwb e„w× K‡i| d‡j gv_vwcQz I RvZxq Avq e„w× cvq Ges RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb N‡U| 89

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Avg`vwb I ißvwb

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI| Avwmd BKevj we‡`‡k cvU I cvURvZ `ªe¨vw` ißvwb K‡ib| wek¦evRv‡i G c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v K‡g †M‡jI GL‡bv hv Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡qB wZwb mšÍyó| wKš‘ mgm¨v n‡jv evsjv‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwb‡Z GZ AvbyôvwbKZv| GUv Kgv‡bv †M‡j A‡b‡KB ißvwb evwY‡R¨ DrmvwnZ n‡Zv| gsjv e›`i Kvh©Z eÜ n‡q hvIqvq PÆMÖvg e›`i w`‡q gvjvgvj cvVv‡Z mgm¨v nq| K. †b․fvUK Kx? 1 L. enbcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Avwmd BKevj cY¨ ißvwb‡Z AwaK AvbyôvwbKZv i‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b Ki‡Qb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. PÆMÖvg e›`i w`‡q cY¨ cvVv‡Z †h mKj mgm¨v i‡q‡Q Zv wKfv‡e `~i Kiv hvq- we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h wjwLZ Pzw³i gva¨‡g RvnvR †Kv¤úvwb cY¨ en‡bi Rb¨ Rvnv‡Ri m¤ú~Y© Ask A_ev Gi Ask we‡kl GKwU wbw`©ó mgy`ª hvÎvi Rb¨ ev wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ ißvwbKviK‡K fvov †`q Zv‡K †b․fvUK e‡j| L. Rvnv‡R cY¨ †evSvB‡qi ci cY¨ cÖvwß ¯^xKvi K‡i RvnvR KZ©„cÿ ißvwbKviK‡K †h iwm` ev cÖgvYcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i Zv‡K Pvjvwb iwm` ev enbcÎ ejv nq| Rvnv‡R cY¨ †evSvB‡qi ci Rvnv‡Ri K¨v‡Þb cY¨ ey‡S wb‡q ißvwbKviK‡K Zvi ¯^vÿwiZ KvuPv iwm` cÖ`vb K‡i, hv‡Z c‡Y¨i bvgmn weeiY, ißvwbKviK I Avg`vwb Kvi‡Ki cwiwPZ, Rvnv‡Ri weeiY cÖf„wZ D‡jøL _v‡K| M. Avwmd BKevj cY¨ ißvwb‡Z AwaK AvbyôvwbKZv i‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡i‡Qb| cY¨ ißvwb‡Z jvj wdZvi †`․ivZ¡ GKUv Amyweav| ißvwb c×wZ‡Z KvR A‡nZzK `xN©vwqZ Kiv nq| G‡Z ißvwbKviK wbw`©ó mg‡q cY¨ †c․uQv‡Z cv‡i bv| evsjv‡`‡ki †h mKj cÖwZôvb cY¨ ißvwb‡Z RwoZ Zviv †Zgb `ÿ bq| Zviv ißvwb cÖwµqv `xN© K‡i †d‡j| cY¨ ißvwb •e‡`wkK gy`ªvq n‡q _v‡K| wewbgq nvi cÖvq mgq n«vm e„w× †c‡q _v‡K| cY¨ ißvwb‡Z miKvwi AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb nq| ißvwbKviK‡K cY¨ ißvwbi Av‡`k †c‡Z A‡bK nqivwbi ¯^xKvi n‡Z nq| G‡Z ißvwbKviKMY wbiærmvwnZ nq| evsjv‡`‡k ivR‣bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv eoB cÖKU| niZvj, Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j A‡bK mgq e›`‡i †bvOi K‡i _v‡K wKš‘ cY¨ Lvjvm Kiv nq bv| d‡j Avg`vwbKviK‡K mgqg‡Zv cY¨ †cu․Qv‡bv hvq bv| N. PÆMÖvg e›`‡i wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i †Kvb cÖwkwÿZ Ávb †bB| hw` Zv‡`i‡K wVKfv‡e cÖwkwÿZ Kiv hvq Z‡e e›`‡ii Kv‡R MwZkxjZv Avm‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki `ywU mgy`ª e›`i Av‡Q wKš‘ gsjv e›`i Kvh©Z eÜ n‡q hvIqvq PÆMÖvg e›`i w`‡qB me RvnvR Avmv hvIqv K‡i| d‡j me mgq RU _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î gsjv e›`i‡K hw` MwZkxj Kiv hvq Z‡e PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii Ici Pvc Kg co‡e| e›`‡i bve¨Zvi Afve i‡q‡Q| †WªRv‡ii gva¨‡g bve¨Zv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| kªg Am‡šÍvl GKUv eo mgm¨v| cÖvqB kªwgKiv ag©NU I Av‡›`vjb K‡i| kªg Am‡šÍvl `~i Kivi Rb¨ kªwgK‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq em‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k ivR‣bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv eoB cÖKU AvKvi aviY K‡i| niZvj, Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j A‡bK mgq RvnvR e›`‡i †bvOi Kiv _v‡K wKš‘ cY¨ †Zvjv ev Lvjvm Kiv nq bv| G‡Z Avg`vwb, ißvwb e¨vnZ nq| ZvB ivR‣bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv wdwi‡q Avb‡Z n‡e| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: DbœZgv‡bi Pv ißvwb‡Z wg. ewY‡Ki h‡_ó mybvg i‡q‡Q| hy³ivR¨mn BD‡ivc I ga¨cÖv‡P¨i wewfbœ †`‡k wZwb Pv ißvwb K‡ib| Avg`vwbKviKMY digv‡qk w`‡j Ges wZwb Zv MÖn‡Y gb¯’ Ki‡j Zv‡`i GK ai‡bi cÎ cvVv‡Z 90

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Avg`vwb I ißvwb

e‡jb| G cÎ †c‡jB wZwb evKx AbyôvwbKZv m¤úv`‡b Zrci nb| wewfbœ AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úv`b K‡i Rvnv‡R gvj †evSvB‡qi ci Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb †_‡K GKUv cÎ msMÖn K‡i Zv Avg`vwbKviK eivei †cÖiY K‡ib| K. wbw`©ó digv‡qk cÎ Kx? 1 L. cÖfe †jL ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. ewYK digv‡qk MÖn‡Y gb¯’ Ki‡j †Kvb ai‡bi cÎ Lyj‡Z e‡jb e¨vL¨v Ki? 3 N. wg. ewYK Rvnv‡R gvj †evSvB‡qi ci Kvßvb †_‡K †hB cÎ msMÖn K‡ib Zvi Avek¨KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 K. †h digv‡qk c‡Î c‡Y¨i bvg, gvb, cwigvY, †cÖi‡Yi ZvwiLmn cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj kZ© Avg`vwbKviK wbw`©ó K‡i †`q Zv‡K wbw`©ó digv‡qk cÎ e‡j| L. ißvwbKvix KZ…K cÖ¯yZ Í K…Z Ges ¯’vbxq ewbK mfv KZ©„K mZ¨vwqZ c‡Y¨i Drcw˯’j m¤úK©xZ †Nvlbvc·KB cÖfve †jL e‡j| wbwl× †`‡ki cY¨ hv‡Z †`‡k XzK‡Z bv cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv Ges wfbœ wfbœ ïé nv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Dchy³ ïé wba©viY KivB Giƒc `wj‡ji cÖavb D‡Ïk¨| M. wgt ewbK digv‡qk cÎ MÖn‡Y gb¯’ Ki‡j ißvwbKviK‡K cÖZ¨qcÎ †Lvjvi wb‡`©k †`b| Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki c‡ÿ Ges ißvwbKvi‡Ki AbyK~‡j g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡ai cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q e¨vsK †h cÎ Bmy¨ K‡i Zv‡K cÖZ¨qcÎ e‡j| ißvwbKviK cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi c~‡e© †cÖwiZ c‡Y¨i g~j¨ †h Avg`vwbKviK cwi‡kva Ki‡e G wel‡q wbwðZ n‡Z Pvq| GRb¨B †m e¨vsK KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z G ai‡bi c‡Îi cÖZ¨vkv K‡i| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, wgt ewbK wewfbœ †`‡k Pv ißvwb K‡ib| Avg`vwbKviK digv‡qk w`‡j wZwb digv‡q‡ki kZ© MÖnY‡hvM¨ wKbv Zv †`‡L MÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡b n‡j digv‡qk ¯^xKw…Z cÎ cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mB mv‡_ wZwb digv‡qkK…Z c‡Y¨i g~j¨ eve` D³ A‡_©i wec‡ÿ cÖZ¨qcÎ Ly‡j Zv Zvi eivei †cÖi‡Yi wb‡`©k †`b| wZwb cÖZ¨qcÎ †c‡jB wbwðZ nb †h, cY¨ †cÖiY Ki‡j wZwb wbwðZfv‡eB Gi g~j¨ cÖvß n‡eb| d‡j wZwb cieZx© Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡ib| N. wgt ewbK Rvnv‡R gvj †evSvB‡qi ci Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb †_‡K Pvjvwb iwm` ev enb cÎ msMÖn K‡ib| Rvnv‡R cY¨ †evSvB‡qi ci Rvnv‡Ri Aa¨ÿ ev Kvßvb †cÖwiZ gvjvgvj msµvšÍ wel‡q Z_¨ m¤^wjZ †h cÖgvb cÎ cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K enb cÎ ev Pvjvwb iwm` e‡j| •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ cY¨ Lvjvm I g~j¨ cwi‡kv‡a Giƒc cÎ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, wgt ewbK cÖZ¨q cÎ cvIqvi ci cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbKZv cvj‡b Zrci n‡q D‡Vb| AvbyôvwbKZv cvjb †k‡l Rvnv‡R gvj †evSvB K‡ib| AZtci Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb †_‡K cÖZ¨q cÎ msMÖn K‡i Zv Avg`vwbKviK eivei cvVvb| GB cvVv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Avg`vwbKviK eivei †h cÎ cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q Avg`vwbKviK †h‡bv c~‡e©B AeMZ n‡Z cv‡i Ges e›`i †_‡K gvjvgvj msMÖ‡n Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB `wjj ïaygvÎ e›`i KZ…c‡ÿi wbKU gvjvgvj Lvjv‡mi Kv‡RB e¨eüZ nq bv digv‡qk Abyhvqx cY¨ †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Q Kxbv GUv ZviI cÖgvb enb K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv e¨Z¨q n‡j †jb‡`b wggvsmvi †ÿ‡Î GUv cÖvgvb¨ `wjj wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GQvov Avgv`vwb ïé wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡ÎI GwU e¨eüZ nq| Rvnv‡R cY¨ webó n‡j ZvI Gi Øviv wbY©q I ÿwZc~iY Av`vq mnR nq| ZvB Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvq wgt ewbK Rvnv‡R gvj †evSvB‡qi ci Pvjvbx iwm` msMÖn K‡ib I Zv Avg`vwbKviK eivei †cÖiY K‡ib| hv cY¨ Lvjvm I †jb‡`b wggvsmvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| 91

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Avg`vwb I ißvwb

Aóg Aa¨vq: Avg`vwb I ißvwb Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wg. Avbmvwi fviZ, gvj‡qwkqvmn wewfbœ †`‡ki mv‡_ e¨emvq K‡ib| wZwb cY¨ Avg`vwb Ki‡Z cY¨ µq Av‡`k cÖ`v‡b LyeB mZK© _v‡Kb| cÖZ¨qcÎ Ly‡j Zv ißvwbKviK‡K cvVv‡bvi ci ißvwbKviK KZ©„K cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi msev` bv cvVv‡bv ch©šÍ Zvi †Zgb KvR _v‡K bv| ißvwbKviK Giƒc msev` Rvbv‡bvi mv‡_ KZK¸‡jv `wjj cvVvb| †h¸‡jv cieZ©x Kvh© m¤úv`‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡ewPZ nq| K. Avg`vwb Kx? 1 L. ißvwb e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Avbmvwi cY¨µq Av‡`k cÖ`vb K‡ib ej‡Z Kx eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Avbmvwi ißvwbKviK †_‡K †h ai‡bi `wjj cvb Zvi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| Rv‡b Avjg †P․ayix PÆMÖv‡gi LvZzbM‡Äi eo Avg`vwbKviK| GB Avg`vwb Ki‡Z †h‡q wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Zvi GKUv m¤úK© M‡o D‡V‡Q| Avg`vwb Ki‡Z PvB‡j cÖ_‡gB Zv‡K e¨vsK †_‡K GK ai‡bi cÎ Bmy¨ K‡i cvVv‡Z nq| hv bv cvVv‡bv ch©šÍ ißvwbKviK cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi D‡`¨vM †bq bv| ißvwbKviK KZ©„K cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi msev` I `wjjcÎ cÖvwßi ci Rbve †P․ayixi ZrciZv †e‡o hvq| AZtci wZwb Zvi cÖwZwbwa‡K evKx KvR m¤úv`‡bi wb‡`©k †`b| K. e¨emvq Kx? 1 L. cybtißvwb e¨emvq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K †h c‡Îi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. msev` I `wjj cvIqvi ci Rbve †P․ayix †h ai‡bi cÖwZwbwai mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib Zvi Avek¨KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 3| Rbve midivR XvKvi †gvMjUzjxi GKRb eo Avg`vwbKviK| wm½vcyi, Pxb I fvi‡Zi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb †_‡K wZwb gvjvgvj Avg`vwb K‡ib| D³ †`kmg~‡ni wewfbœ cÖwZôvb cÖwZ‡hvMx g~‡j¨ gvj mieivn K‡i| gvjvgv‡ji ¸Yv¸‡YI wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| ZvB digv‡qk cvIqvi c~‡e© wZwb h‡_ó mZK© _v‡Kb| digv‡qk M„nxZ nIqvi msev` cvIqvi ci wZwb GKUv cÖwZôv‡bi ¯§iYvcbœ nb| †hLvb †_‡K cÎ bv cvVv‡bv ch©šÍ ißvwbKviK cY¨ †cÖi‡Yi †Kvb D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i bv| K. cybtißvwb Kx? 1 L. Pvjvwb iwm` ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve midivR digv‡qk †`Iqvi c~‡e© Kx KvR K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. digv‡qk M„nxZ nIqvi ci Rbve midivR †h cÖwZôv‡bi ¯§iYvcbœ nb Zvi Avek¨KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| BDbvB‡UW Mv‡g©›Um bvivqbM‡Äi bvgKiv Mv‡g©›Um mvgMÖx ißvwbKviK cÖwZôvb| Av‡gwiKv I BD‡iv‡ci †µZv‡`i mv‡_ Zvi h‡_ó m¤úK©| gv‡ji AW©vi wb‡q Zvi mgm¨v †bB| Z‡e Zvi `ytwðšÍv mwVKfv‡e wkc‡g›U Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Kx Kbv? KviY Gi c~‡e© †h KvR Zv Zvi c‡ÿ m¤úv`b Kómva¨| GRb¨ wZwb G‡R›U wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| wkc‡g›U n‡jB Zvi KvR nq wewfbœ `wjj •Zwi K‡i Avg`vwbKvi‡K cvVv‡bv| K. cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx? 1 L. †b․ fvUKcÎ e‡jZ Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU cY¨ wkc‡g›U Gi c~‡e© †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wkc‡g›U Gi ci BDbvB‡UW Mv‡g©›Um †h mKj `wjj cvVvb Zvi Avek¨KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 5| wg. AvRg we‡`‡k cvU I cvURvZ `ªe¨vw` ißvwb K‡ib| wek¦evRv‡i G c‡Y¨i Pvwn`v K‡g †M‡jI GLbI hZUv Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡qB wZwb mš‘ó| we‡`k †_‡K µq Av‡`k Avm‡j wZwb `ªæZ cÖZ¨qcÎ Ly‡j cvVv‡Z e‡jb| gvj †hvMv‡oi ci Rvnv‡R gvj DVv‡Z Zv‡K h‡_ó Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq| GRb¨ wZwb wei³| K. †b․ AvUK cÎ Kx? 1 L. Pvjvbx iwm` ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2

92

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Avg`vwb I ißvwb

M. wg. AvRg µq Av‡`k ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Rvnv‡R gvj DVv‡Z wg. AvRg‡K Kx Ki‡Z nq? GUv Sv‡gjvc~Y© g‡b Kvivi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki|

3 4

6| wg. emvK gvqvbgvi †_‡K Bwjk gvQ wK‡b G‡b Zv mg‡q mg‡q Bsj¨v‡Û weµq K‡ib| Bsj¨v‡Ûi e¨emvqxiv Gjwm Ly‡j cvVv‡j wg. emvK Bwjk cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î wewfbœ RvnvRx `wj‡ji mv‡_ GKUv wej •Zwi K‡i cvVvb| hv‡Z Avg`vwbKviK ev Zvi c‡ÿ e¨vs‡K ¯^vÿi w`‡q wg. emvK eivei †cÖiY K‡i| AZtci wg. emvK Zv Zvi e¨vsK †_‡K AvMvg fvw½‡q †bb| K. evwYR¨ `~‡Zi Pvjvb Kx? 1 L. cÖZ¨qcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. emv‡Ki Bsj¨v‡Û Bwjk gvQ weµq †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxcK RvnvRx `wj‡ji mv‡_ †h wej •Zwi K‡i cvVv‡bv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? Gi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 7| wg. gwjøK Mv‡g©›Um mvgMÖx ißvbxKviK| wZwb we‡`k †_‡K Kvcomn wewfbœ mvgMÖx Avg`vwb K‡ib| GRb¨ Zv‡K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z nq| wZwb we‡`k †_‡K GK ai‡bi cÖZ cvIqvi ci GKw`‡K cY¨ Drcv`b I wkc‡g‡›Ui e¨e¯’v †bb Ges Ab¨w`‡K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Giƒc c‡Î D‡jøL gy`ªvi wec‡ÿ Kx cwigvY A_© cÖvß n‡eb Zv wVK K‡ib| Kvco Avg`vwbi †ÿ‡ÎI GKUv KvR Zv‡K Ki‡Z nq| K. AvMgb cÎ Kx? 1 L. †b․ fvUK cÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. gwjøK we‡`k †_‡K †Kvb cÎ cvIqvi ci cY¨ Drcv`b K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †h welq wVK Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi Avek¨KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 8| wg. Lvb byZb n¯ÍRvZ mvgMÖxi ißvwbKviK| we‡`‡k cY¨ ißvwbi Rb¨ digv‡qk cvIqvi ci h_vixwZ cÖZ¨qcÎI †c‡q‡Qb| GLb wZwb cY¨ †RvMvo K‡i cvVv‡bvi D‡`¨vM wb‡”Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡K Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki †`‡ki `yZvevm †_‡K GKUv cÎ msMÖn Avevi ¯’vbxq e¨emvqx‡`i mw¤§wjZ cÖwZôvb †_‡KI GK ai‡bi cÎ wb‡Z n‡e| wZwb G ai‡bi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi f~wgKv eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| wZwb Zvi eÜz Rbve Rvdi‡K G wel‡q wRÁvmv K‡j eÜz ej‡jb, hw` KLbI †jb‡`b wb‡q mgm¨v nq Zvn‡jI †Zvgvi G cÖwZôv‡bi mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e| K. d‡ivqvwW©s G‡R›U †K? 1 L. Pvjvwb iwm` ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøL Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki †`‡ki `yZvevm †_‡K wg. Lvb‡K Kx msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. •e‡`wkK e¨emv‡q e¨emvqx‡`i mw¤§wjZ cÖwZôv‡bi h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 9| DD GKwU ißvbxgyLx wkí cÖwZôvb| Av‡gwiKv I BD‡iv‡ci †µZv‡`i mv‡_ Gi h‡_ó fvj m¤úK©| gv‡bi AW©vi wb‡q Gi †Kvb mgm¨v bv _vK‡jI wkc‡g›U wb‡q Gi A‡bK `ytwðšÍv| †Kbbv ivR‣bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv, niZvjmn bvbvwea cÖwZeÜKZvi ga¨ w`‡q cY¨ wkc‡g›U Ki‡Z nq| K. Avg`vwb evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. cÖZ¨qcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q gv‡ji AW©vi wb‡q †Kvb mgm¨v †bB, Z‡e mgm¨v †Kv_vq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wkc‡g›U msµvšÍ mgm¨v¸‡jv Kxfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10| Mvwo e¨emvqx gywbg nvmvb Rvcvb †_‡K wewfbœ eª¨v‡Ûi Mvwo µq K‡i G‡b †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q †c․u‡Q †`q| XvKvq Zvi wbR¯^ ‡kviæg bv _vKvq AbjvB‡b †m MÖvnK‡`i KvQ †_‡K AW©vi †c‡q wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Mvwo mieivn K‡i| d‡j, AZ¨šÍ ¯^í mg‡q †µZv myš‘wó AR©b K‡i‡Q wg. gywbg| AwaKZi MÖvnK †mev wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b †m Zvi GK eÜzi mnvqZvq GKwU mvwf©m †m›Uvi †Lvjvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| K. •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. wewbgq nvi wba©viY Pzw³ †Kb m¤úv`b Kiv nq?

2

93

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Avg`vwb I ißvwb

M. wg. gywbg e¨emv‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. gywb‡gi M„nxZ bZzb wm×všÍ Zvi e¨emv‡q †Kv‡bv mydj Avb‡Z cvi‡e Kx? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki|

3 4

11| wg. ivnvZ evsjv‡`k †_‡K hy³iv‡óªi •Zwi †cvkvK wewµ K‡i _v‡Kb| `xN©w`‡bi †Póvi ci MZeQi wZwb BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡kI Zvi c‡Y¨i evRvi m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| †`‡k cÖPwjZ AvBb-Kvbyb I wbqgbxwZ †g‡b e¨emvq mybvg‡K cyuwR K‡i PjwZ eQ‡i •Zwi †cvkv‡Ki cvkvcvwk †mv‡qUvi ißvwbi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZv wb‡q MvRxcy‡i GKwU KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib| K. Avg`vwb evwYR¨ Kx? 1 L. †b․-fvUK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. ivnv‡Zi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvq m¤cÖmvi‡Y wg. ivnvZ KZ©„K bZzb KviLvbv ¯’vc‡bi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 12| mv‡bvqvi GKRb dj e¨emvqx| Avmbœ igRvb Dcj‡ÿ †m †m․w` Avie †_‡K 50 Ub †LRyi wK‡b Av‡b| Zvi µqK…Z †LRyi wb‡q RvnvRwU `yB mßvn Av‡M PÆMÖvg e›`‡i †c․u‡Q‡Q| wKš‘ we‡µZvi cvVv‡bv cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjcÎvw` mv‡bvqv‡ii e¨vs‡K †c․uQv‡Z †`wi n‡”Q| ZvB †m cY¨ †Wwjfvwi wb‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Ab¨w`‡K igRvb gv‡mi c~‡e©B cY¨ nv‡Z bv †c‡j Zv‡K eo As‡Ki ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e| K. ißvwb Kx? 1 L. cÖfe †jL †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. mv‡bvqvi e¨emv‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvwqK ÿwZ Gov‡bvi Rb¨ mv‡bvqv‡ii Kx Kiv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4 13| DÏgx I m„Rbkxj e¨emvqx iweb wm½vcyi †_‡K hš¿vsk G‡b Kw¤úDUvi •Zwi K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z kªxjsKv, †bcvjmn Gwkqvi wewfbœ †`‡k †m¸‡jvi wewµq K‡i _v‡K| iweb •ekvLx e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZvq †`‡k Kw¤úDUvi gwbUi •Zwii KviLvbv ¯’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pvqbv †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ Avbq‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i| Zvi µqK…Z GmKj hš¿cvwZ wb‡q MZ mßv‡n GKwU RvnvR PÆMÖvg e›`‡i G‡m †c․uQvq| K. cÖZ¨q cÎ Kx? 1 L. wbw`©ó digv‡qk AwaK myweavRbK †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K iwe‡bi e¨emv‡qi †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi •e‡`wkK e¨emv‡qi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Pxb †_‡K AvbxZ hš¿cvwZ †Wwjfvwi †bqvi Rb¨ iweb‡K GLb Kx c`‡ÿc wb‡Z nq? cvV¨eB G AwR©Z Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K DËi `vI| 4 14| Ô†Rvev‡qi d¨vkbÕ MvRxcy‡ii ¯^bvgab¨ •Zwi †cvkvK cÖ¯ÍyZKviK cÖwZôvb| m¤úªwZ cÖwZôvbwU Rvg©vwbi GKRb †µZvi wbKU †_‡K 10 nvRvi Wjvi g~j¨gv‡bi GKwU ißvwb AW©vi †c‡q‡Qb| cÖwZôvbwU cY¨ ißvwbi D‡Ï‡k¨ wkc‡g›U msµvšÍ Sv‡gjv Gov‡bvi R‡b¨ GKRb diqvwWs G‡R›U wb‡qvM K‡ib| cY¨ wkc‡g‡›Ui hveZxq KvR m¤úbœ Kivi ci cÖwZôvbwU wewfbœ `wjj •Zwi K‡i Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki wbKU cvVvb| (K) PvU©vi cvwU© Kx? 1 (L) `vjvj †Kvb ai‡bi ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU cY¨ wkc‡g›U Gi c~‡e© †Kvb KvRwU m¤úv`b K‡ib? eY©bv K‡iv| 3 (N) wkc‡g›U Gi ci †Rvev‡qi d¨vkb †h mKj `wjj cvVvb Zvi Avek¨KZv we‡kølY K‡iv| 4

94

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ Nature of Management

9g Aa¨vq

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ABC GKwU e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb hv eZ©gv‡b †jvKmvbgyLx cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q GLb †h msMVb KvVv‡gv Av‡Q Zv‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xiv GKB mg‡q GKvwaK Kg©KZ©vi †`qv Kvh©m¤úv`‡b mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| GQvov DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v‡`i Kvh©fvi †ekx _vKvq wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mgq‡ÿcY K‡i| GgZve¯’vq cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK cl©` eZ©gvb msMVb KvVv‡gv I †jvKej wVK †i‡L cÖwZôv‡bi mgm¨v DËi‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Qb| K. AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? 1 L. †RvovgB wkKj bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. cÖwZôvbwUi cÖ_g mgm¨v e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZi cwicwš’ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 3 N. cÖwZôvbwUi Kg©KZ©v‡`i Kvh©fvi jvN‡e cwiPvjK cl©‡`i Kx c`‡ÿc †bqv hyw³hy³- †Zvgvi Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †nbwi †dIj| L. †RvovgB-wkKj bxwZ n‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi m‡e©v”P ¯Íi n‡Z me© wbgœ¯Íi ch©šÍ e¨e¯’vcbvi mKj wefvM I Dcwefv‡Mi †jvK‡`i Ggbfv‡e cvi¯úwiK fv‡e m¤úK©hy³ Kiv hv‡Z K‡i †KD KZ©„Z¡ †iLvi evB‡i bv _v‡K| †hgbe¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK

Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcK

weµq e¨e¯’vcK

mycvifvBRvi

AvÂwjK weµq e¨e¯’vcK

†dvig¨vb

weµq mycvifvBRvi

kªwgKe„›`

weµq Kg©xe„›`

Dc‡ii wP‡Î cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii KZ©„‡Z¡i †iLv ev wb‡`©kbvi †iLv Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K Ges Revew`wnZv Dc‡ii w`‡K cÖevwnZ hv wkK‡ji iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q| †Kvb Kg©xB Gi evB‡i †bB| M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ABC cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ_g mgm¨v e¨e¯’vcbvq hv Av‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZi cwicwš’| cÖwZôv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K Kg©Pvix cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e GKRbgvÎ DaŸ©Zb Gi Aax‡b _vK‡e| A_©vr GKRb Kg©xi Av‡`k`vZv GKRb n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq e¨e¯’vcbvi ÔAv‡`‡ki HK¨Õ bxwZ| GKRb e¨w³ hw` GKvwaK e‡mi Aax‡b KvR K‡i Zv‡Z •ØZ AaxbZvi m„wó nq|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ Av‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZ †g‡b bv Pjvq ABC cÖwZôv‡b mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| ABC cÖwZôv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, GwU GKwU Kvh©wfwËK msMVb| d‡j GKB mg‡q Kg©xiv GKvwaK DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K Av‡`k cÖvß n‡”Q| d‡j Zviv Zv‡`i Kvh© h_vmg‡q myôzfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| GUv ¯úóZB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cÖwZôvbwU‡Z ÔAv‡`‡ki HK¨Õ bxwZ ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q bv| N. msMVb KvVv‡gv Ges †jvKej wVK †i‡L DaŸ©Zb‡`i Kg©fvi jvN‡e cÖwZôvbwUi cwiPvjK cl©` e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK bxwZ †K›`ªxqKiY I we‡K›`ªxqKiY bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡eb e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| †K›`ªxKiY I we‡K›`ªxKiY bxwZ ej‡Z eySvq- cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ¸‡jv D”P¯Í‡i M„nxZ n‡e| A‡cÿvK…Z Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I •`bw›`b wm×všÍmg~n ga¨ I wbgœ¯Í‡i we‡K›`ªxKiY Kiv n‡e| ABC cÖwZôvbwUi DaŸ©Zb‡`i Kvh©fvi †`‡L GUv eySv hvq †h, cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, `xN© †gqv`x, •`bw›`b mKj wm×všÍB DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©viv wb‡q _v‡Kb| mKj wm×všÍB DaŸ©Zb w`‡q _v‡Kb e‡j Zv‡`i AwaK mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wKš‘ GKRb DaŸ©Zb e¨e¯’vcK‡K Af¨šÍixY wm×všÍ MÖnY QvovI cÖwZôv‡bi wfZ‡i I evB‡i A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZôv‡b Ggb A‡bK •`bw›`b I Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ¸‡jv ga¨ I wbgœ¯Í‡i we‡K›`ªxKiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB eZ©gvb †jvKej I msMVb KvVv‡gv wVK †i‡L cÖwZôvbwU Zvi DaŸ©Zb‡`i Kg©fvi jvNe Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI:

K. e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ Kx? L. e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv jÿ¨‡K›`ªxK- e¨vL¨v Ki| M. wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z 2q avcwU‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb KvRwUi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wP‡Î e¨e¯’vcbv P‡µi 7g avc Ges 1g av‡ci mv‡_ m¤úK© Kx? we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ ej‡Z e¨e¯’vcbv Kv‡h©i PµvKv‡i AvewZ©Z nIqv‡K eySvq|

1 2 3 4

L. wba©vwiZ dj jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h cwiKíbv cÖYxZ nq Zv‡K jÿ¨ e‡j| msNe× cÖ‡Póvi g~‡j †h jÿ¨ _v‡K Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Dcvq DcKi‡Yi myôz e¨envi ev cwiPvjbv Kvh©‡KB e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j| A_©vr e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv m¤ú`mg~‡ni myôz e¨env‡ii j‡ÿ¨ wba©viY I Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv, msMVb I wbqš¿Y Kv‡h©i mgwó| ZvB ejv hvq e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv jÿ¨‡Kw›`ªK| M. wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z 2q avcwU‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvi 2q KvR wn‡m‡e msMV‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 96

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ

cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b mKj gvbexq I Agvbexq DcKiY mgwš^ZKiY I Kgx©‡`i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZv e›Ub‡K msMVb e‡j| wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z 2q avcwU e¨e¯’vcbvi 2q KvR hv msMVb| GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g| cwiKíbv †h jÿ wba©viY K‡i †`q Zv ev¯Íevqb K‡i msMVb| msMVb cÖwZôv‡bi gvbexq I Agvbexq Dcv`vb¸‡jv GKÎ K‡i g~j jÿ‡K ev¯Íevqb K‡i| ZvB e¨e¯’vcbvi 2q KvR wn‡m‡e Gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| N. e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ_g KvR n‡jv cwiKíbv I †kl KvR nj wbqš¿Y| e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ_g KvR cwiKíbv w`‡q e¨e¯’vcbv P‡µi AveZ©b ïiæ nq I †kl nq wbqš¿Y w`‡q| cwiKíbv mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q P‡j I wbqš¿Y w`‡q †kl nq| hw` †Kvb wePz¨wZ _v‡K Z‡e Avevi cðvr gyLx n‡q cwiKíbv w`‡q ïiæ K‡i| cwiKíbv Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡gB e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh© ïiæ nq| cwiKíbv n‡jv fwel¨r Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© AvMvg wPšÍvfvebv Kiv| Giƒc av‡c av‡c msMVb, Kg©x ms¯’vb, wb‡`©kbv, †cÖlYvi KvR msMwVZ nq| me¸‡jv Kv‡Ri mgš^‡qi ci me©‡k‡l wbqš¿‡Yi KvR ïiæ nq| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cieZx© Kvh© m¤úvw`Z n‡”Q wKbv ev †Kv_vI ÎæwU _vK‡j Zv ms‡kva‡bi e¨e¯’v KivB n‡jv wbqš¿Y| wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vcbvi me©‡kl KvR n‡jI ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ Ges Aweivg Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cybivq Ki‡Z nq| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi, cÖ_g KvR cwiKíbv, wØZxq KvR msMVb Gfv‡e me©‡kl KvR wbqš¿Y ch©šÍ Pj‡Z _v‡K| cwiKíbv mvg‡bi KvR¸‡jvi w`‡K GwM‡q Pj‡jI wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ms‡kvab _vK‡j me©‡kl KvR †_‡K Avevi cÖ_g Kv‡R wd‡i Av‡m| A_©vr cwiKíbv ¸‡jv fwel¨rgyLx Ges wbqš¿Y n‡jv cðvrgyLx ejv hyw³hy³| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: evUv GKwU RyZv Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb| G cÖwZôv‡b mgMÖ e¨e¯’vcbv‡K wb‡gœv³fv‡e †`Lv‡bv hvq| j¶¨/D‡Ïk¨

DcKiYvw` msnZKiY

cÖ‡qvRb

avivevwnK KvR ev Kg© cÖwµqv/kÖgkw³

Kv‡Ri h_v_©Zv

K. cÖkvmb Kx? L. cÖkvmwbK Kv‡R †ewk gvbwmK kªg `iKvi nq- eywS‡q †jL| M. evUv my Gi e¨ve¯’vcbv cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡b Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. jÿ¨B evUv-my Gi wbqš¿‡Yi c~e©kZ©- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. cÖvwZôvwbK D‡Ïk¨, bxwZ I cwiKíbv cÖYqb cÖwµqv‡K cÖkvmb ejv nq| L. cÖkvmb n‡”Q †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi kxl© ch©v‡qi wPšÍvkxj KvR| Gi Rb¨ gvbwmK kªgI `iKvi nq| 97

j¶¨ AR©b 1 2 3 4

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ

GwU g~jZ bxwZ I cwiKíbv •Zwi, cwiPvjbv, wbqš¿Y, wm×všÍ MÖnY Ges D”P ch©v‡qi ZË¡veavb msµvšÍ Kvh©vewji mv‡_ RwoZ GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmb Zv cÖwZôv‡bi mvsMVwbK Kv‡Ri hveZxq KvVv‡gv cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K| ZvB cÖkvmb‡K gvby‡li gw¯Í‡®‹i mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| M. evUv my e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡b †h me c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv gvbexq I Agvbexq DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki e¨envi Kiv| msNe× cÖ‡Pôvi g~‡j ‡h, jÿ¨ _v‡K Ges j‡ÿ¨ †cŠuQv‡bvi Rb¨ †h gvbexq I Agvbexq Dcvq DcKiY; †hgbRbkw³, hš¿cvwZ, gvjvgvj A_©, evRvi I c×wZ, _v‡K Zvi Kvh©Ki e¨env‡ii j‡ÿ¨ Zv‡`i myôz cwiPvjbv Kvh©‡KB e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j| evUv-my G welq¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| evUv my cÖ_‡g GB DcKiY¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i jÿ¨ AR©‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b †h KqwU avc cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| GB KvR¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e m¤úbœ n‡j Kvw•LZ jÿ¨ AR©b m¤¢e nq| N. jÿ¨B n‡”Q evUv my Gi wbqš¿‡Yi c~e©kZ©| cwiKíbvi Awf‡cÖZ dj‡K jÿ¨ e‡j| j‡ÿ¨i Av‡jv‡K †Kvb cÖwZôvb wewfbœ DcKiY msMÖn K‡i jÿ¨ Abyhvqx KvR K‡i| evUv-my mywbw`©ó djvdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i| Zviv Zv‡`i jÿ¨ AR©‡bi R‡b¨ cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ avc ev Kvh©µg m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| G avc¸‡jv g~jZ cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq DcKiYvw` †hgb: KvuPgvj, hš¿cvwZ, cyuwR evRvi, Kvh©c×wZ BZ¨vw` mshy³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ Kiv nq| GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©b wbf©i K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ KvR¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e cvj‡bi Ici| evUv-my cÖwZôv‡bi mKj wefvM DcwefvM Zv‡`i jÿ¨ AR©‡bi cÖqvm Pvjvq| jÿ¨ Abyhvqx djvdj KZUzKy AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Zv Rvbv hvq wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g| wbqš¿‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi c~e©wba©vwiZ gv‡bi mv‡_ Kvh©d‡ji Zzjbv K‡i| G‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi wePz¨wZ NU‡j ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| evUv-my cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zviv wba©vwiZ jÿ¨ AR©‡b mdjZv †c‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨B n‡”Q wbqš¿‡Yi c~e©kZ| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Aqb AvwKR MÖæ‡ci GKRb g¨v‡bRvi| wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ¸‡jv a‡i †i‡L evKx `vq-`vwqZ¡ cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefv‡M fvM K‡i †`b| wKš‘ cÖwZôvbwU Kvh©vejx m¤úvv`b Ki‡Z wM‡q mwVK wb‡`©kbvi Afv‡e wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq| GgZve¯’vq wZwb wm×všÍ wb‡jb †h, mevB HK¨e× †_‡K Kvh© cwiKíbv K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb mvab Ki‡eb| K. †K›`ªxqKiY Kx? 1 98

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ L. we‡K›`ªxqKiY ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. cÖwZôvbwU e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZwU AbymiY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Aqb †Kvb bxwZwU AbymiY K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb mvab K‡i‡Qb- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ÿgZv cÖwZôv‡bi D”P¯Íi †K›`ªxf~Z _vK‡j Zv‡K †K›`ªxqKiY e‡j| L. KZ©„Z¡ avivevwnKfv‡e msMV‡bi Dci n‡Z wb‡Pi ¯Í‡i †b‡g Avmvi cÖwµqv‡K we‡K›`ªxKiY e‡j| we‡K›`ªxKiY e¨e¯’vq †K‡›`ªi Rb¨ Acwinvh© mvaviY welq¸‡jv †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z †i‡L w`‡q evKx mgy`q welq msMV‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii Kg©x‡`i Dci avivevwnKfv‡e eÈb Kiv nq| M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖwZôvbwU e¨e¯’vcbvi wb‡`©kbvi bxwZwU †g‡b Pj‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| wb‡`©kbvi bxwZ n‡jv mK‡ji mg‡eZ cÖ‡Póv‡K GKwU g~j D‡Ïk¨gyLx Ki‡Z avivevwnK I mgwš^Z wb‡`©kbv Kvh©µg †K eySvq| AvwKR MÖæ‡ci g¨v‡bRvi wg. Aqb cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K mwVKfv‡e fvM Ki‡jI mwVK wb‡`©kbv †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î `ye©jZv i‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î wg. Aqb‡K mKj †kªYx I wefv‡Mi Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ GKB iKg w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z n‡e| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi Kvh©vejx GKwU D‡Ïk¨ GKB gv_v †_‡K Ges cwiKíbvq nIqv DwPZ| N. wg. Aqb cÖwZôv‡bi AMÖMwZi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi †h bxwZwU AbymiY Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb Zv n‡jv GKZvB ej| Giƒc bxwZi g~j K_v n‡jv cÖvwZôvwbK D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mKj ch©v‡qi e¨e¯’vcbv I Aa¯Íb‡`i me©`v HK¨e× _vKv DwPZ Ges GRb¨ mevB‡K DØy× Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wg. Aqb cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZ¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Kivi Kvi‡Y cÖvwZôvwbK Kvh©vewj m¤úv`‡b wKQz evavMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q| GB mgm¨v †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ mevB wg‡j HK¨e×fv‡e Ggb GKwU Kvh© cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e hv cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb mvab K‡i| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, hw` cÖwZôv‡bi Ici †_‡K wbP ch©šÍ mevB HK¨e× †_‡K KvR cwiPvjbv K‡i Z‡eB cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœqb m¤¢e| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Awdm wcqb kvgxg Aa¨‡ÿi wPwV¸‡jv wb‡q †cvó Awdm hvw”Qj| hvIqvi mgq AveviI Aa¨ÿ Zv‡K KZ¸‡jv KvMR w`‡q d‡UvKwc K‡i Avb‡Z ej‡jb| d‡UvKwc Kiv †k‡l kvgxg †cvó Awdm wM‡q †`‡L ZZÿ‡Y cÖ_g WvK P‡j wM‡q‡Q| K. e¨e¯’vcbv ¯Íi Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbvi bxwZgvjv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZ jswNZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 99

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ

N. fwel¨‡Z cÖwZôvbwU Kxfv‡e Giƒc AbvKvswLZ cwiw¯’wZ Gov‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| DËi: K. e¨e¯’vcKxq c`¸‡jvi web¨vm Kiv‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi ¯Íi e‡j|

4

L. †h †gŠwjK wee„wZ ev mZ¨ NUbv †Kvb KvR ev wPšÍvi wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K bxwZ e‡j| bxwZ n‡jv cÖwZwôZ mZ¨ ev wb‡`©kK hv mevB †g‡b P‡j| cÖvwZôvwbK mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i myk„•Lj cwi‡e‡ki Ici| M. DÏxc‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi wb‡`©kbvi bxwZwU jswNZ n‡q‡Q| GB bxwZi A_© n‡jv mK‡ji mg‡eZ cÖ‡Póv‡K GKwU g~j D‡Ïk¨gyLx Ki‡Z avivevwnK I mgwš^Z wb‡`©kbv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GB Rb¨ c~e© cwiKíbv I cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cieZ©x wb‡`©kbvi welqe¯‘ wbw`©ó Kiv Avek¨K| wbev©nx KZ©„K Zvi Aaxb‡¯’i Dci RvixK…Z wb‡`©kbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ _vK‡Z n‡e| hv‡K Avgiv e¨e¯’vcbvi wb‡`©kbvi bxwZ ewj| DÏxc‡K wcqb kvgxg‡K Aa¨ÿ cÖ_g †h KvRwU w`‡qwQj Zvi mv‡_ wØZxq KvRwUi mgqMZ mvgÄm¨ wQj bv| N. fwel¨‡Z cÖwZôvbwU Giƒc AbvKvswLZ cwiw¯’wZ Gov‡bvi Rb¨ Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨Zv weavb Ki‡Z n‡e| c~e© cwiKíbv I cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L cieZ©x wb‡`©kbvi welqe¯‘wU wba©viY Kiv DwPZ| wg. kvgx‡K cÖ_g †h wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zvi ci wØZxq Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Kg©x †Kvb KvRwU Av‡M Ki‡e G e¨vcv‡i mwVK wm×všÍ wb‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y †m cÖ_g KvRwU bv K‡i wØZxq KvRwU K‡i P‡j Avm‡Q| fwel¨‡Z Gai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ Gov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZôvb‡K Aek¨B e¨e¯’vcbvi wb‡`©kbvi HK¨wU mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: GKwU cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbv cl©` cÖwZôvbwUi cwi‡kvwaZ g~ja‡bi m¤ú~Y© Ask Zzjbvg~jK Kg SzuwKc~Y© wKš‘ jvfRbK cÖK‡í wewb‡qvM K‡ib Ges wewb‡qvM n‡Z m‡šÍvlRbK gybvdv AwR©Z nq| cwiPvjbv cl©` wPšÍv K‡i †h, †`‡k †jvK msL¨v µgvMZ e„w× cvIqvq e¨emvq evwY‡R¨i †ÿÎ m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB fwel¨‡Z AviI jvfRbK cÖK‡í wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM Avm‡Z cv‡i| GB j‡ÿ¨ cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i wm×všÍ µ‡g jv‡fi 20% fwel¨Z wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Rgv †i‡L evKx Ask †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb K‡ib| K. GKv_©K cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. mgš^q mvab ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb ai‡bi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kxl© e¨e¯’vcbvi M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 100

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ DËi: K. †h cwiKíbv GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ev wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ GKeviB e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv‡K GKv_©K cwiKíbv e‡j| L. mgš^q mvab Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv Øviv cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x, Kvh©vejx, wefvM, Dc-wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv nq| G‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb, Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi j‡ÿ mKj DcKiY, wefvM I Dcwefv‡Mi HK¨ ¯’vcb K‡i| M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e¨e¯’vcbv wewb‡qvMKvixi cÖwZ mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| e¨emv‡q †h ev hviv g~jab mieivn K‡i Zv‡`i wewb‡qvMvKvix ejv nq| D³ cÖwZôv‡b cwiPvjK cl©` fwel¨‡Z wewb‡qvM cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡eb e‡j wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨e¯’vcbv †h me `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i1. g~ja‡bi cwic~Y© e¨envi wbwðZKiY; 2. b¨vh¨ gybvdv AR©b I mieivnKiY; 3. mybvg iÿv I e„w× Kiv| N. DÏxc‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kxl© e¨e¯’vcbvi M„nxZ wm×všÍ h_vh_| GLv‡b kxl© e¨e¯’vcK `~i`wk©Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| whwb eZ©gv‡b †_‡K fwel¨Z‡K cwi¯‹vifv‡e †`L‡Z cvb, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Zvi mvaviYZ fyj nq bv| ZvB fwel¨‡Z AviI jvfRbK cÖK‡í wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j G j‡ÿ¨ cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i wm×všÍµ‡g jv‡fi 20% fwel¨Z wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ msiwÿZ Znwe‡j Rgv †i‡L evwK Ask †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb K‡ib| AZGe, kxl© e¨e¯’vcbvi M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv i‡q‡Q| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: AšÍy GKUv cÖwZôv‡bi Rywbqi e¨e¯’vcK| Zv‡`i Gg.wW. GKw`b Rywbqi e¨e¯’vcK‡`i GK mfvq e‡jwQ‡jb, cÖwZôv‡b gvbyl‡K Avgiv eo m¤ú` fvwe wKšÍy GB gvbyl‡K Pvjvq †h kw³ Zvi cÖwZ Avgiv bRi w`B bv| GKRb e¨w³i mybv‡gi g~‡j _v‡K Zvi myKxwZ©| †hB cwiPvjK Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î Zvi myKxwZ©i ¯^vÿi ivL‡Z cv‡i †mB `ÿ| cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡q Rbkw³ Kg©iZ _v‡K| mevB hvi hvi KvR K‡i wVKB wKšÍy H Kv‡Ri g~j wb‡`©kbv †K›`ª †_‡K DrmvwiZ nq| mKj Rbkw³B KZ…Z © ¡ I ÿgZvi cÖZ¨vkv K‡i| wKšÍy ZviI GKUv g~j †K›`ª _v‡K| GB †K›`ª `ÿ bv n‡j cÖwZôvb G¸‡Z cv‡i bv| K. `vk©wbK m‡µwU‡mi †Kvb evYx e¨e¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwYavb‡hvM¨?

1 L. cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 101

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ M. DÏxc‡Ki Gg.wW mv‡ne gvbyl Pvjv‡bvi wcQ‡bi kw³ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. KZ…Z © ¡ I ÿgZvi g~j †K›`ª kw³kvjx bv n‡j cÖwZôvb G¸‡Z cvi‡e bv- G e³e¨ Kx Zzwg mg_©b Ki| 4 DËi: K. `vk©wbK m‡µwUm Gi Òe¨e¯’vcbv mve©RbxbÓ evYxwU e¨e¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| L. fwel¨‡Z Kx Kiv n‡e Zv AvMvg wVK K‡i †djvB n‡jv cwiKíbv| KLb, †K, †Kv_vq, †Kvb KvR, Kxfv‡e Ki‡e Zv wVK Kiv‡K cwiKíbv e‡j| cwiKíbv ¯^í‡gqvw` I `xN©‡gqvw` wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i Ges Gi e¨vwß cÖwZôv‡bi me©¯iÍ ch©šÍ e¨vc„Z _v‡K| GwU e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖ_g KvR- hv Ab¨vb¨ e¨e¯’vcbv Kv‡Ri wfwË wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K| M. DÏxc‡Ki Gg.wW mv‡ne gvbyl Pvjv‡bvi wcQ‡bi KvR ej‡Z e¨e¯’vcbv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb| cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ DcKiYvw`i Kvh©Ki e¨env‡ii j‡ÿ¨ cwiKíbv, msMVb, Kg©xms¯’vb wb‡`©kbv, †cÖlYv, mgš^q I wbqš¿Y KvR‡K e¨e¯’vcbv e‡j| cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ DcKiYvw` ej‡Z gvbyl, hš¿cvwZ, KuvPvgvj, A_©, evRvi I c×wZ‡K eySvq| DÏxc‡Ki Gg. wW Rywbqi e¨e¯’vcK‡`i mfvq e‡j‡Qb, cÖwZôv‡b gvbyl‡K Avgiv eo m¤ú` fvwe wKšÍy gvbyl‡K Pvjvq †h kw³ Zvi cÖwZ Avgiv bRi †`B bv| cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ DcKiYvw`i g‡a¨ gvbyl gyL¨ G wel‡q †KvbB m‡›`n †bB| wKšÍy GB gvbyl‡K Pvjv‡Z nq| Avi GB Pvjbvi Rb¨B mwVK cwiKíbv, msMVb, Kg©xms¯’vb, wb‡`©kbv, †cÖlYv, wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Ab¨_vq gvbyl wVKfv‡e P‡j bv, Ab¨vb¨ DcKiYI Kv‡R jvM‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ DcKiYvw`i Kvh©Ki e¨env‡i Gi mKj KvRB e¨e¯’vcbv bv‡g AwfwnZ| ZvB ms‡ÿ‡c ejv hvq, Gg. wW mv‡ne gvbyl Pvjv‡bvi kw³ ej‡Z e¨e¯’vcbv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb| N. Gg.wW mv‡ne g~j wb‡`©kbvi †ÿÎ ej‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P¯Í‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb| e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P¯Íi ej‡Z mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi Dcwi¯Í‡i Ae¯’vbKvix e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K eySvq hviv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZgvjv wb‡`©k K‡i, `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv ev ÷ªvwUwR wba©viY K‡i Ges AwaK KZ©„Z¡-ÿgZv †fvM K‡i| DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ch©v‡q Rbkw³ Kg©iZ _v‡K| mevB hvi hvi KvR K‡i wVKB wKšÍy H Kv‡Ri wcQ‡b g~j wb‡`©kbv †K›`ª †_‡K Av‡m| mKj Rbkw³B KZ©„Z¡ I ÿgZv †c‡Z Pvq wKšÍy †mB ÿgZv I KZ©„Z¡I GKUv †K›`ª †_‡K DrmvwiZ nq|cÖvwZôvwbK mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv‡Z ÿgZvi g~j‡K›`ª ej‡Z kxh© ch©vq A_©vr gvwjK ev cwiPvjKgÛjx‡K eySvq| †mLvb †_‡K KZ…Z © ¡ I ÿgZv wb‡Pi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq| hviv hZ wb‡Pi w`‡K _v‡K Zviv ZZ Kg KZ…©Z¡ I ÿgZv †fvM K‡i| GKB fv‡e †K›`ª †_‡K cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv wewfbœ ¯Íi AwZµg K‡i wb‡Pi ¯Í‡i †cuŠ‡Q| GKUv cÖwZôv‡bi kxl©¯‡Í i hw` KZ©„Z¡ I ÿgZv AwaK bv _v‡K Z‡e bx‡Pi Rbkw³i wbKU †_‡K Kvg¨gv‡bi AvbyMZ¨ cÖZ¨vkv Kiv hvq bv| G‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi k„•Ljv †f‡½ c‡o| AvbyôvwbK KZ©„Z¡ e‡jB cÖwZôv‡bi DaŸ©Zb Aa¯Íb‡`i Av‡`k †`q, Revew`wn K‡i Ges wb‡`©k gvb‡Z eva¨ K‡i| ZvB †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q g~j wm×všÍ I wb‡`©kbv Dcwi¯Íi †_‡K cÖ`Ë n‡j cÖwZôv‡bi mKj cÖ‡Póv H wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jv‡KB cÖwZUv ch©v‡q ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| ZvB cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Gg. wW mv‡ne wb‡`©kbvi †ÿÎ ej‡Z wbtm‡›`‡n cÖwZôv‡bi kxl© ch©vq eywS‡q‡Qb| KZ©„Z¡ I ÿgZvi GB †K›`ª `ye©j n‡j KLbB cÖwZôvb myôzfv‡e GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv|

102

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ

wØZxq fvM: e¨e¯’vcbv beg Aa¨vq: e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| bvBgyj `ªæZ m¤cÖmviYkxj GKUv eo cÖwZôv‡bi ga¨g mvwii e¨e¯’vcK| QvÎ Rxe‡b e¨e¯’vcbv welqwU co‡Z †h‡q †m ey‡SwQj gvbe BwZnv‡mi †h †Kv‡bv Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœqb A½vw½fv‡e RwoZ| cÖvPxbKv‡j wewfbœ RvwZi Dbœq‡bi †h Z_¨ cvIqv hvq Zvi KviY LyuR‡Z †M‡jB †`Lv hv‡e †mLv‡b e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡qwQj| bvBgyj †`L‡Q Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi mKj ch©v‡q hviv Kg©iZ Zv‡`i gvb Dbœq‡b cÖwZôvb LyeB hZœevb| Avi Gi d‡jB cwiPvjbvi gvb †hgwb evo‡Q †Zgwb Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki e¨envi m¤¢e n‡”Q| K. AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. bvBgyj e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœq‡bi BwZnvm LyuR‡Z †h‡q †Kvb †Kw›`ªK e¨e¯’vcbvi Dbœq‡bi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. bvBgy‡ji cÖwZôvb g‡b K‡i Kg©iZ‡`i gvb Dbœqb NU‡j cÖwZôv‡biB Dbœqb NU‡e- G fvebvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| gvbyl hLb GK‡Î P‡j ZLb †mLv‡b †KD bv †KD cwiPvjK _v‡K| c_ Pjv gvby‡li msL¨v hZ †ewk nq, c_ Pjv hZ `xN© nq- ZZB cwiPvjbvq RwUjZv ev‡o| cwievi †_‡K ivóª ch©šÍ me©ÎB gvbyl bvbvb cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ j¶vR©‡b GK‡Î c_ P‡j| cÖwZUv †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki Pvjbvi welqwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| A‡bK fv‡jv ZË¡ ev gZv`k© gvbyl‡K c_ Pj‡Z Avkv RvMvq| wKš‘ H Av`‡k©i mwVK ev¯Íevq‡b Kvh©Ki cwiPvjbvi Afve NU‡j Zvi h_vh_ Kj¨vY gvbyl †c‡Z cv‡i bv| GB cwiPvjbvi KvR hw` GKvwaK, avivevwnK I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj Kv‡Ri mgwó nq Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î ïiæ †_‡KB h‡_ó mZK© nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| KviY GKevi fyj n‡j Ab¨ Kv‡RI Zvi cÖfve c‡o| K. •eÁvwbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbvi Av‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. me©ÎB mwVK cwiPvjbvi Avek¨KZv e‡j DÏxc‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K e¨e¯’vcbv‡K GKvwaK I avivevwnK Kv‡Ri mgwó e‡j e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv Kiv n‡q‡Q? j¶vR©‡b Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wg. wgjb gvV ch©v‡qi weµq Kg©KZ©v| Zvi Ic‡i AvÂwjK Kg©KZ©v Ges Zvi Ic‡i weµq e¨e¯’vcK Kg©iZ i‡q‡Qb| wg. wgjb †_‡K mvßvwnK weµ‡qi cwigvY m¤ú‡K© AvÂwjK Kg©KZ©v I weµq e¨e¯’vcK `yÕRbB Rvb‡Z Pvb| Rvbv‡Z †Zgb mgm¨v †bB| wKš‘ `yÕRb `yÕai‡bi civgk© w`‡j wZwb wec‡` c‡ob| G welqwU cÖwZôv‡bi mvaviY e¨e¯’vc‡Ki bR‡i Avm‡j wZwb G wel‡q weµq e¨e¯’vcK‡K wZi¯‹vi K‡ib| K. e¨e¯’vcbv‡K Áv‡bi GKUv c„_K kvLv wn‡m‡e †K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv me©Rbxb eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. DÏxc‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZi e¨Z¨q N‡U‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvaviY e¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K G ai‡bi wZi¯‹vi Kivi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 103

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ

4| wg. mvw`K GKUv eo cÖwZôv‡bi weµq e¨e¯’vcK| 2010 mv‡ji Rb¨ wZwb 10 j¶ GKK weµq Uv‡M©U wba©viY K‡ib| †m Abyhvqx e¨e¯’vcbvi KvR¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi ci eQi †k‡l †`L‡Z cvb †h, wKQz mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y Uv‡M©U cyiY nqwb| mgm¨v¸‡jv gv_vq †i‡L wZwb 2011 mv‡jI GKB cwigvY weµq Uv‡M©U wba©viY K‡ib Ges GKBfv‡e meKvR m¤úv`b K‡i eQi †k‡l Avkvbyiƒc dj cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib| 2012 mv‡j 15 j¶ GKK weµ‡qi cwigvY Uv‡M©U Kiv n‡q‡Q| K. e¨e¯’vcbv Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbvq wb‡`©kbvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K †mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb KvRwU Kiv n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K GKB ai‡bi KvR¸‡jv ev‡i ev‡i m¤úvw`Z nIqvq e¨e¯’vcbvi †h •ewkó¨wU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 5| Rbve Lv‡qi GKUv eo dv‡g©i gyL¨ wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v| cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Dcvq-DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki e¨env‡ii wel‡q wZwb LyeB hZœkxj| GRb¨ wZwb hvi †h †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q Zv‡K †mB `vwqZ¡ †`qvi wel‡q m‡Pó _v‡Kb| e¯‘MZ DcKiYvw`I †hLv‡b †hUv e¨eüZ nIqv DwPZ †mfv‡eB e¨envi K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©„Z¡ mwVKfv‡e wbiæcb I eywS‡q †`Iqvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôv‡b Revew`wnZvi cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi mKj ch©v‡q Kg©iZ e¨w³ I wefv‡Mi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©I wZwb wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| G‡ZI wZwb fv‡jv dj cv‡”Qb| K. e¨e¯’vcK †K? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve Lv‡qi Dcvq-Dcv`v‡bi Kvh©Ki e¨env‡i e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZi Ici †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx Rbve Lv‡qi †h KvR K‡i‡Qb e¨e¯’vcbvi mdjZv AR©‡b Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wg. mvBdzj GKRb †U·UvBj BwÄwbqvi| wZwb fv‡jv PvKwi †Q‡o eÜz‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq GKUv AvaywbK gv‡bi †U·UvBj wgj emv‡jb| eÜziv cwiPvjK n‡jI wZwbB Gi wbe©vnx cwiPvjK| Zvi aviYv DbœZ cÖhyw³i hš¿cvwZ emv‡bv †M‡j G Lv‡Z m¤¢vebv A‡bK| wKš‘ GLb †`L‡Qb, DbœZ hš¿cvwZi PvB‡ZI Av‡iKwU welq AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| hv GB hš¿cvwZ‡K Pvjbv K‡i| ZvB wZwb GLb Gi `¶Zv e„wׇZ cÖwk¶‡Yi Ici †Rvi w`‡”Qb| K. e¨e¯’vcbvq Av‡`‡ki HK¨ bxwZ Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. mvBdzj e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb ch©v‡q `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. mvBdzj †f‡ewQ‡jb e¯‘i DcKiYvw`‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i Ggb DcKiY AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©- Giƒc fvevi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 7| wg. kwdK e¨e¯’vcbv wel‡qi wk¶K Avi Zvi ¯¿x `k©‡bi| ¯¿xi K_v e¨e¯’vcbv †Kv‡bv welq n‡jv| Gi DrcwË ev K‡e? wg. kwdK ej‡jb, a‡iv cÖwZôv‡b gvbyl Av‡Q, hš¿cvwZmn meB Av‡Q, †bB †mUvi mwVK cwiPvjbv- Z‡e DcKiY †_‡K Kx jvf n‡e| K‡jR Av‡Q, cwiPvjbv cl©` †bB, Aa¨¶ †bB- ejZ Zv Kxfv‡e Pj‡e| AvovB nvRvi eQi Av‡M `vk©wbK m‡µwUm wek¦vm Ki‡Zb e¨e¯’vcbv me©Rbxb| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb, cwimi Avjv`v n‡jI cwievi †_‡K ivóª ch©šÍ mKj ch©v‡qB e¨e¯’vcbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ we`¨gvb| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, mvevb KviLvbvi `¶ g¨v‡bRvi †mbvevwnbx cÖavbI n‡Z cv‡i| K. GKRb mycvifvBRvi e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb ch©v‡q c‡o?

1 104

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖK…wZ L. e¨e¯’vcbvq k„•Ljvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. mwd‡Ki cÖ_g ev‡K¨ †Kvb wel‡qi Acwinvh©Zv dz‡U D‡V‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvevb KviLvbvi `¶ g¨v‡bRvi †mbvevwnbx cÖavbI n‡Z cv‡i- `vk©wbK m‡µwU‡mi G e³e¨ Kx mg_©b‡hvM¨? g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 8| Avmgvbx †UwjKg BÛvw÷ªR AZ¨šÍ AvaywbK gvbm¤úbœ †Uwj‡dvb †mU •Zwi K‡i †ek mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcK nvwjg mv‡ne cÖwZôv‡bi j¶¨gvÎv wb‡`©wkZ avivq Drcv`b Kvh©µg‡K cwiPvjZ K‡ib| Zvi weP¶YZv I `yi`wk©Zvi Kvi‡Y 2005 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ G cÖwZôvbwU eZ…gv‡b gv‡K©U wjWv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Drcv`b Kvh©µg hv‡Z wbwe©‡Nœ cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq †mRb¨ wZwb kªgN›Uv wb‡`©k K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| GQvov kªwgK‡`i †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zvi i‡q‡Q GKwU kªg Kj¨vY KwgwU| m¤cÖwZ Drcv`‡bi gvb hvPvB Gi Rb¨ wZwb GKwU gvb wbqš¿Y `j cÖwZôv K‡ib| Giv wbqwgZfv‡e Drcv`‡bi ïiæ †_‡K cY¨ gRy‡Zi c~e© ch©šÍ cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i gvb wbwðZKiY I cÖ‡qvR‡b †h †Kv‡bv ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| K. e¨e¯’vcbv Kx? 1 L. †nbwj †dqj‡K †Kb e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK ejv nq?

2 M. nvwjg mv‡ne e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb ¯Í‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. m¤cÖwZ ms‡hvwRZ bZzb Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j D³ cÖwZô‡bi Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× cv‡e wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 9| †`‡k DbœZgv‡bi UvBjm& I †ewmb •Zwii D‡Ï‡k¨ Rbve AvjgMxi GKwU d¨v±wi M‡o †Zv‡jb| Zvi wbR¯^ wWRvBb I Z`viwK‡Z cÖ¯Z ‘ Gme mvgMÖx B‡Zvg‡a¨B †µZvmvaviY‡K AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| Rbve AvjgMxi cÖwZôv‡b †h †Kv‡bv KvR Kivi Av‡M Zv wb‡q MVbg~jK A‡bK wPšÍvfvebv K‡ib Ges mswkøó‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ †bb| GQvov wZwb KvD‡K †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ †`qvi †ejvq †Lqvj iv‡Lb hv‡Z Zv c~‡e©i †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri mv‡_ AmsMwZc~Y© bv nq| Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Drmvn DÏxcbvgyLi cwi‡e‡ki Kvi‡YB Kg©xiv G‡K Zv‡`i wbR¯^ A½b e‡jB g‡b K‡i| G‡Z c‡Y¨i gvb eRvq †i‡L Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †hgb `ªæZ †e‡o‡Q †Zgwb Rbve AvjgMxiI cwiYZ n‡q‡Q GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³vq| K. e¨e¯’vcK †K? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Rbve AvjgMxi Gi Kv‡R cÖavbZ e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki Rbve AvjgMxi h_v_©B GKRb `¶ e¨e¯’vcK? hyw³ †`LvI| 4 10. PQR GKwU e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb hv eZ©gv‡b †jvKmvbgyLx cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q GLb †h msMVb KvVv‡gv Av‡Q Zv‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xiv GKB mg‡q em KZ©…K Z‡_¨i wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y Kvh©m¤úv`‡b mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| GQvov DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v‡`i Kvh©fvi †ekx _vKvq wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mgq‡¶cY K‡i| GgZve¯’vq cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK cl©` eZ©gvb msMVb KvVv‡gv I †jvKej wVK †i‡L cÖwZôv‡bi mgm¨v DËi‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Qb| K. AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? 1 L. †RvovgB wkKj bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M.cÖwZôvbwUi cÖ_g mgm¨v e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZwU jw•NZ n‡q‡Q?Ñe¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖwZôvbwUi Kg©KZ©v‡`i Kvh©fvi jvN‡e cwiPvjK cl©‡`i Kx c`‡¶c †bqv hyw³hy³- †Zvgvi Dˇii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 105

10g Aa¨vq

cwiKíbv Planning

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: we‡`k †diZ Rbve nv‡mg wmK`vi GKwU †nv‡Uj e¨emvq Pvjy Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| Zuvi eÜz Zuv‡K †f‡e wP‡šÍ †nv‡Uj e¨emv ïiæ Kivi civgk© †`b| wKš‘ wZwb eÜzi civgk© D‡cÿv K‡i ZwoNwo K‡i ¯’vbxq ÷xgvi Nv‡U cÖvq 10 jÿ UvKv LiP K‡i GKwU DbœZgv‡bi Lvevi †nv‡Uj Pvjy K‡ib| ÷xgvi Nv‡U Zvi †nv‡Uj QvovI Av‡iv `ywU Lvevi †nv‡Uj Av‡Q| Zvi †nv‡U‡j 10 Rb Kg©Pvix KvR Ki‡Q| wKš‘ Kv÷gvi Kg _vKvq Zviv cÖvqkB Ajm mgq KvUvq| eQi †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB Zvui 2 jÿ UvKv †jvKmvb nq| G Ae¯’vq wZwb 5 Rb Kg©Pvix QuvUvB‡qi wm×všÍ †bb| K. cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbvi Avw½bv ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. nv‡mg wmK`v‡ii e¨qeûj †nv‡Uj Pvjyi cwiKíbvq Kx ÎæwU wQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Óe¨emv‡qi †jvKmvb KvwU‡q DVvi †ÿ‡Î nv‡mg wmK`v‡ii wm×všÍwU h_v_©Ó-e³‡e¨i mv‡_ Zzwg wK GKgZ? Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. fwel¨Z Kvh©µ‡gi c~e© wba©vwiZ bKkv ev wP·K cwiKíbv e‡j| L. cwiKíbvi Avw½bv n‡jv cwiKíbvi Kvh©‡ÿÎ ev cwiwa| cwiKíbvi Avw½bv ej‡Z †mB Ae¯’v‡K eySvq, †h Ae¯’vi ga¨w`‡q M„wnZ cwiKíbv ev¯ÍevwqZ nq Ges cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AwR©Z nq| M. ÔcUf~wg wba©viY mgm¨vwU wQj nv‡mg wmK`v‡ii e¨qeûj †nv‡Uj Pvjyi cwiKíbvi ÎæwU| cwiKíbv fwel¨Z welqK| wKš‘ fwel¨Z AwbwðZ| G AwbwðZ fwel¨Z Kg©m~Px‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb me Z_¨, DcvË msMÖn I we‡kølY K‡i cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| nv‡mg wmK`vi fwel¨Z m¤¢ve¨ cwiYwZ wK n‡e Zv wPšÍv bv K‡i ZwoNwo K‡i †nv‡Uj e¨emv Pvjy K‡ib Ges †jvKmv‡bi m¤§yLxb nb| Avi G‡ZB eySv hvq †h, nv‡mg wmK`v‡ii cwiKíbvi cUf~wg wbav©i‡Y ÎæwU wQj| N. cwiKíbv n‡jv fwel¨Z Kvh©µ‡gi iƒc‡iLv| GKwU fvj cwiKíbv cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ¨‡K A‡bKvs‡k GwM‡q †`q Ges cwiKíbv gvwcK KvR Ki‡j e¨emv‡q mdjZv Avm‡eB| DÏxc‡K nv‡mg wmK`vi e¨emv‡qi †jvKmvb KvwU‡q IVvi Rb¨ Zvui e¨emv cÖwZôvb n‡Z 5 Rb kªwgK QvuUvB‡qi gva¨‡g mdj n‡Z cv‡ib| nv‡mg wmK`v‡ii 10 Rb kªwg‡Ki g‡a¨ hw` 5 Rb kªwgK‡K QvUvB Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i †eZb-fvZv, Avevmb I Lvevi LiP eve` A‡bK A_© mvkªq n‡e hv Zvui †jvKmvb KvwU‡q IVvi †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv ivL‡e| ZvB G `„wó‡KvY †_‡K we‡ePbv K‡i Avwg ej‡Z cvwi †h e¨emv‡qi †jvKmvb KvwU‡q IVvi †ÿ‡Î nv‡mg wmK`v‡ii wm×všÍwU h_v_©| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve Avw`Z¨ PµeZx© `wi`ª wcZvi wek¦we`¨vjq co–qv GKRb QvÎ| wewfbœ cvwicvwk¦©KZv we‡ePbv K‡i †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk cwievi‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ †m PÆMÖvg kn‡ii e¨¯ÍZg GjvKv Av›`iwKjøvi †gv‡o GKwU Jl‡ai

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ cwiKíbv †`vKvb w`‡jb| †`vKvbwU wewkó Pÿzwe‡klÁ Wvt b~iæj Bmjv‡gi †P¤^v‡ii cv‡k nIqvq wewµi cwigvY LyeB fvj| GgZve¯’vq Rbve Avw`Z¨ Dchy³ ¯’v‡b Av‡iv `ywU kvLv †Lvjvi Rb¨ wm×všÍ wb‡jb| K. ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. GKv_©K cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. Rbve Avw`Z¨ Wv: b~iæj Bmjv‡gi †P¤^v‡ii cv‡k¦© Jl‡ai †`vKvb w`‡jb †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Ó†`vKvb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î Rbve Avw`Z¨- Gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc mwVKÓ- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †h cwiKíbv m‡e©v”P GK eQi mg‡qi Rb¨ MÖnY Kiv nq, Zv‡K ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv e‡j| L. †h cwiKíbv cÖwZôv‡b cyb:cyb: e¨eüZ bv n‡q GKevi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ ev GKwU D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖYqb Kiv nq Zv‡K GKv_©K cwiKíbv e‡j| †Kvb we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GKv_©K cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevqb ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ G cwiKíbv evwZj n‡q hvq| M. GKwU e¨emv‡qi mdjZvi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q ¯’vb wbe©vPb| mnR †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v weµq Z_v e¨emv‡qi cÖmvi NUvq| Rbve Avw`Z¨ †`vKvb Pvjy Kivi c~‡e© cÖPzi †jvK mgvMg ev hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi myweavi K_vwU we‡klfv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| †µZviv me mgq Kg mg‡q Ges mwVK g~‡j¨ cY¨ µ‡q Drmvnx nq| †ivMxiv Wv³vi †`Lv‡bvi ci hv‡Z mn‡R Jla wKb‡Z cv‡i †mB D‡Ïk¨wU gv_vq †i‡L Rbve Avw`Z¨ ¯^bvgab¨ Wv: byiæj Bmjv‡gi †P¤^v‡ii cv‡kB Jl‡ai †`vKvb ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv K‡ib| g~j mo‡Ki †gv‡o †`vKvb _vK‡j mo‡K PjvPjKvix mKj hvÎx‡`i †`vKv‡bi cÖwZ bRi c‡o Ges Zviv Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq JlacÎ Lye mn‡RB iv¯Ívi †gv‡oi †`vKvb †_‡K µq K‡i| Rbve Avw`Z¨ Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wQj †ewk gybvdv AR©b Kiv| †ekx wewµi d‡j Zvi gybvdvI me©vwaK n‡q‡Q| D‡Ïk¨I AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y Avw`Z¨ wewkó Pÿz we‡klÁ Wv: byiæj Bmjv‡gi †P¤^v‡ii cv‡k †`vKvb w`‡q w`‡jb| N. GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q Av`k© cwiKíbv| †mB cwiKíbv‡K djcÖmy Ki‡Z †M‡j wKQz c`‡ÿ‡ci cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Kiv †M‡j cwiKíbv Aek¨B ev¯Íem¤§Z I djcÖm~ n‡e| †Kbbv cÖYxZ cwiKíbvi h_v_©Zvi Dci cÖwZôv‡bi mvdj¨ A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki Rbve Avw`Z¨ Jl‡ai †`vKvb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î wb‡gœv³ c`‡ÿc AbymiY K‡ib- cwiKíbv fwel¨‡Z ev¯Íevqb †hvM¨ wKš‘ Bnv AMÖxg cÖYxZ nq| Rbve Avw`Z¨ Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ fvj gv‡bi Jla wewµ Kiv| †m h_v_©B GwU cvjb K‡i‡Qb| hvi d‡j †µZviv Zvi KvQ †_‡K AwaK cwigv‡b Jla µq K‡i| e¨emvq wbe© vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î Rbve Avw`Z¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn K‡ib Ges Zv wePvi we‡kølY K‡i wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| cÖvq me GjvKvqB Jl‡ai †`vKvb Av‡Q| wKš‘ e¨¯ÍZg moK I Wvt byiæj Bmjv‡gi †P¤^vi cv‡k nIqvq weµq †ekx nq Ges jvfI †ekx nq| GRb¨ Rbve Avw`Z¨ wewfbœ RvqMvq Jl‡ai †`vKvb †`qvi my‡hvM _vK‡jI Av›`iwKjøvi †gv‡o Jl‡ai †`vKvb w`‡q‡Qb| †`vKvb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î Rbve Avw`‡Z¨i M„nxZ c`‡ÿc¸wj mwVK e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| 107

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cwiKíbv

3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve mvwKe GKwU †cvkvK KviLvbvi gvwjK| wZwb 2012 mv‡ji Rb¨ weMZ eQ‡ii †P‡q 10% †ewk Drcv`b jÿ¨gvÎv avh© K‡ib| 2012 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z †ek wKQz `ÿ kªwgK PvKwi †P‡o P‡j hvb Ges Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| ZLb evRv‡i KvuPvgv‡ji `y®cÖvc¨ZvI wQj| eQi †k‡l †`Lv †Mj †h, Drcv`b Kvw•LZ jÿ¨gvÎv AwR©Z bv nIqvq e¨emvq †jvKmvb n‡q‡Q| K. jÿ¨ Kx? 1 L. ¯’vqx cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi †Kvb welqwU‡K D‡cÿv K‡i‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eZ©gvb Ae¯’v DËi‡Y cÖwZôvbwUi KiYxq Kx Zv hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 DËi: K. cwiKíbvi Awf‡cÖZ dj‡K jÿ¨ e‡j| L. ¯’vqx cwiKíbv ej‡Z †h cwiKíbv cÖwZôv‡b GKevi M„nxZ nIqvi ci bZzb †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv MÖnY ev bZzb †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v m„wó bv nIqv ch©šÍ Zv evievi e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K †evSvq| mvaviYZ cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xwb‡qvM bxwZgvjv GKwU ¯’vqx cwiKíbv| M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU eZ©gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K fwel¨Z my‡hvM myweav g~j¨vq‡bi welqwU D‡cÿv K‡i‡Q| cwiKíbv GKwU wPšÍbxq I eyw×`xß KvR| Rbve mvwK‡ei cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi mgq Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi we`¨gvb myweav Amyweav, mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv, fwel¨r Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© c~‡e©B cwi¯‹vi aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb wQj| wKš‘ Rbve mvwKe 2012 mv‡ji Drcvw`Z cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi mgq cÖwZôv‡bi †ek wKQz `ÿ kªwg‡Ki Aem‡i hvIqv Ges evRv‡i KvuPvgv‡ji `y®cÖvc¨Zvi welqwU we‡ePbvq †bbwb| N. cwiKíbv GKwU wPšÍb gbbkxj cÖwµqv hv cÖYqbKv‡j fwel¨r bvbv welq we‡ePbv I g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| ev¯Íem¤§Z cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi cÖ_g c`‡ÿc nj eZ©gv‡bi Av‡jv‡K fwel¨r my‡hvM-myweav g~j¨vqb Kiv| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU 2012 mv‡ji Rb¨ c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii †P‡q 10% †ekx Drcv`b jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY Kivi mgq †ek wKQz `ÿ kªwg‡Ki Aemi I PvKzix †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j hvIqv Ges KvuPvgv‡ji `y®cÖvc¨Zvi welqvw` we‡ePbvq †bb wb| d‡j Drcv`b jÿ¨gvÎv AwR©Z bv n‡q †jvKmvb n‡q‡Q| Kvw•LZ Drcv`b jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq kªwgK-Kg©xi msL¨v wba©viY I wb‡qvM`vb, KvuPvgv‡ji weKí Drm wba©viY Ges cÖwZôv‡bi eZ©gvb my‡hvM myweav mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv wPwýZ K‡i cwiKíbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabx Avb‡Z n‡e| AZGe Rbve mvwKe‡K Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi we`¨gvb my‡hvM myweav, mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv wPwýZ K‡i ev¯Íem¤§Z cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| 108

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ cwiKíbv 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve iwgR cwjw_b Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| cwjw_b wbwl× nIqvi AvMvg msev` Rvb‡Z †c‡i wZwb 2010 †_‡K cwjw_‡bi cwie‡Z© cvURvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`b Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib Ges mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡b GKRb wWRvBbvi wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi gybvdvi wPÎ wbgœiƒc:

K. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv Kx? 1 L. GKv_©K cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. cwiKíbvi †Kvb •ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y DÏxc‡K iwg‡Ri c‡ÿ c~‡e©i e¨emvqwU cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Qe¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve iwg‡Ri cwiewZ©Z wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ¨vR©‡b cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Dcvq Drcv`v‡bi h_vh_ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g KZ¸‡jv avivevwnK I ci¯úi wbf©ikxj Kg©cÖ‡Pôvi mgwô‡K e‡j e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv| L. GKevi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †h cwiKíbv •Zix ev e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K GKv_©K cwiKíbv e‡j| †Kvb we‡kl mg‡q we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GKv_©K cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq| D‡Ïk¨ AR©b ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ G cwiKíbv evwZj Kiv nq| M. DÏxc‡K cwiKíbvi •ewkó¨ bgbxqZvi Kvi‡Y Rbve iwgR e¨emvq cwieZ©b Ki‡Z mÿg nb| wek¦ evwYR¨ cwi‡ek, cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi cÖK…wZ †fv³v iæwP I e¨envi µgvMZ cwieZ©bkxj| Giƒc cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Zvj wgjv‡bvi mÿgZv n‡jv bgbxqZv| DÏxc‡K Rbve iwgR cwjw_b wbwl× nIqvi msev‡`i wfwˇZ e¨emvq cwieZ©‡bi cwiKKíbv K‡ib Ges `ªæZ Zv ev¯Íevqb K‡ib| cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y cwjw_b e¨emv †_‡K m‡i G‡m bZzb e¨emv cvURvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡ib hv cwiKíbvi bgbxqZvi •ewkó¨ mg_©b K‡i| N. cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Rbve iwg‡Ri bgbxqZvi wm×všÍwU †hŠw³K wQj| miKvwi bxwZgvjv AvBb, wek¦ evwYR¨, †fv³vi iæwP, cwi‡ek µgvMZ cwieZ©bkxj| GB me cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjvi ÿgZv‡K bgbxqZv e‡j| Rbve iwgR cwjw_b e¨emvi cwie‡Z© cvURvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡ib Ges mnvqZvi Rb¨ `ÿ wWRvBbvi wb‡qvM †`b hvi d‡j cwiKíbvi bgbxqZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ we‡klÁ msMV‡bi myweavI †fvM K‡ib| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wP‡Î †`Lv hvq cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Rbve iwg‡Ri gybvdv mvgvwRKfv‡e n«vm †c‡j `ª æZ Zv mgnv‡i DaŸ©Mvgx nq hv Zvi wm×všÍ †hŠw³KZv‡K cÖgvY K‡i| 109

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cwiKíbv

5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: hgybv †mZz evsjv‡`‡ki `xN©Zg †mZz| †mZzwU wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ we‡kl Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| d‡j Kvh©mg~‡ni wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ avivevwnKZv I k„•Ljv iÿv Kiv n‡qwQj| weï× cwiKíbv MÖnY Kivi d‡j wbg©vbKvix ms¯’v `ªæZ Gi wbg©vY KvR †kl Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ZwoNwo K‡i Kvh© †kl Kivi Kvi‡Y wbg©vY KvR †Zgb fv‡jv nqwb| d‡j K‡qK eQi †h‡Z bv †h‡Z †mZzwU dvUj a‡i‡Q| K. Kvh©wfwËK cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv Avw½bv ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. hgybv †mZz wbg©vY Kv‡R †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbv e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. hgybv †mZzwU dvUj aivi †ÿ‡Î mgqMZ cÖwZeÜKZv †ewk- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †h cwiKíbv Kiv nq Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK cwiKíbv e‡j| L. fwel¨‡Zi †h mg¯Í cvwicvwk¦K © Ae¯’vi ga¨ w`‡q cwiKíbv iwPZ n‡e †m¸‡jvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv MVb Kiv‡K cwiKíbv Avw½bv e‡j| cwiKíbvi Avw½bv n‡jv cwiKíbvi Kvh©‡ÿÎ ev cwiwa| M. hgybv †mZzwU wbg©vY Kv‡R GKv_©K cwiKíbv e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| wbw`©ó †Kvb GKwU A‡_© ev D‡Ï‡k¨ †h cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq Zv‡K GKv_©K cwiKíbv e‡j| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ hgybv †mZz evsjv‡`‡k GKwU `xN©Zg †mZz| GwU wbg©vb Gi Rb¨ we‡kl Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| †mLv‡b mgqmxgv‡K wbw`©ó bv K‡i Kv‡hi© cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡qwQj| Z`ycwi Kvh©mg~n‡K Zwor ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wek` cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| N. hgybv †mZzwU dvUj aivi †ÿ‡Î mgqMZ cÖwZeÜKZv †ewk wQj| mvaviYZ e„nr Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨vcK Z_¨ msMÖn, Z_¨ we‡kølY, weKí wba©viY I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mgq †ewk jv‡M| G‡ÿ‡Î ¯’vqx cwiKíbvq mgq n«vm cvq| KviY GKevi M„nxZ cwiKíbv evi evi e¨envi Kiv hvq| wKš‘ GKv_©K cwiKíbvq evi evi cwieZ©b Av‡m e‡j †ewk mgq cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB mgqMZ RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y ZwoNwo K‡i hgybv †mZzwUi wbg©vY Kvh© †kl K‡i †`Iqvi d‡j wbg©vY KvR ZZUv fvj nqwb| Gi d‡j K‡qK eQi †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB hgybv †mZzwU dvUj a‡i| Avm‡j cwiKíbv fwel¨r welqK| wKš‘ fwel¨r AwbwðZ| ZvB AwbwðZ fwel¨‡Zi Ici cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kómva¨ GRb¨ Kg©m~Px‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb me Z_¨ I DcvË msMÖn Ges Z`vbyhvqx cÖ‡ qvRbxq c~e© e¨e¯’v †bqv nq| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq åvšÍ Z_¨vw` wbf©yj I wbf©i‡hvM¨ nq bv| †mwU Avgiv hgybv †mZz wbg©vY Kv‡R cÖfvweZ n‡Z †`‡LwQ| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Hwk †Kv¤úvwb wUwf Drcv`b K‡i wewµ wZwb K‡i eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z 2011 mv‡ji Rb¨ 50,000 BDwbU wUwf •Zwi I wewµq Uv‡M©U wVK K‡i A_©, KvuPvgvj msMÖn Ges wewfbœ wefv‡Mi Rb¨ wbe©vnx‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© eivÏ w`‡jb| Kg©‡ÿ‡Î †`Lv †Mj wewfbœ wefv‡Mi cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi Afve A_© wefv‡Mi Kg©x‡`i msL¨v A‡bK †ewk, Zviv Mí, ¸Re K‡i mgq KvUvb, Ab¨w`‡K Drcv`b wefv‡Mi Ach©vß Kg©x w`bivZ KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb| weµq 110

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cwiKíbv

wefv‡Mi Kv‡Ri †Zgb ZrciZv eySv hvq bv| eQi †k‡l †`Lv †Mj Drcv`b wefvM 40,000 BDwbU wUwf •Zwi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K weµq n‡q‡Q gvÎ 30,000 BDwbU wUwf| K. ev‡RU Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv •Zwi Kiv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K cÖwZôv‡b M„nxZ cwiKíbvwU †gqv`wfwËK †Kvb cwiKíbvi AšÍf©~³- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b myôz mgš^q mva‡bi AfveB we`¨gvb mgm¨vmg~‡ni g~j KviY- †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. ev‡UR n‡jv cwiKíbvi msL¨vZ¥K cÖKvk| L. e¨e¯’vcbvi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ KvR¸‡jv wKfv‡e, KLb, †Kv_vq m¤úv`b Ki‡e cwiKíbv Zvi AvMvg w`K wb‡`©kbv K‡i| ZvB cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv •Zwi Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| M. DÏxc‡K cÖwZôv‡b M„nxZ cwiKíbvwU †gqv` wfwËK ¯^í †gqvw` cwiKíbvi AšÍf©y³| †h cwiKíbv m‡e©v”P GK eQi mg‡qi Rb¨ MÖnY Kiv nq, Zv‡K ¯^í †gqvw` cwiKíbv e‡j| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wUwf †Kv¤úvwb 2011 mv‡ji Drcv`b cwiKíbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ 50,000 BDwbU wUwf •Zwi I wewµ Ki‡eb e‡j Uv‡M©U wba©viY K‡ib| N. Hwk †Kv¤úvwbi we`¨gvb mgm¨vi g~j KviY n‡jv myôz mgš^q mvab| mgš^q mvab Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hv Øviv cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x, Kvh©vewj, wefvM, Dcwefv‡Mi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv nq| Hwk †Kv¤úvwb 2011 mv‡j †h jÿ¨ wba©viY K‡i‡Q Zvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z A_©, KvuPvgvj msMÖn Ges wewfbœ wefv‡M wbe©vnx‡`i Kvh© fvM K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi Afv‡e Zv‡`i g~j jÿ¨ e¨vnZ n‡”Q| D³ cÖwZôv‡b †h mgm¨v we`¨gvb Zv †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ myôz mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î (1) cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb| (2) Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mKj DcKiY, wefvM I Dcwefv‡M HK¨ ¯’vcb| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ABC K‡jR KZ©„cÿ eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi wm×všÍ wbj| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ eb‡fvRb KwgwUi AvenŸvqK KvR¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb K‡i w`‡jb| mKj DcKiY msMÖn K‡i cÖ¯w‘ Z †bqv nj wKš‘ MšÍe¨ ¯’‡j †`wi‡Z †cŠuQv‡bv, Lvev‡ii NvUwZ, ev‡m Avmb mgm¨v ebfvRb‡K wek„•Ljvq f‡i Zzjj| Aa¨‡ÿi wbKU Awf‡hv‡Mi †cÖwÿ‡Z `vwqZ¡cÖvß cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨ hvi hvi hyw³ Zz‡j ai‡jb wKš‘ Aa¨ÿ g‡nv`q mš‘ó n‡Z cvi‡jb bv| K. cÖavb Kg©m~Px Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri wfwË- eywS‡q wjL| 2 M. eb‡fvR‡bi Kvh©µgwU †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K cwiKíbvi †Kvb¸‡jvi Afv‡e ev¯Íevqb †ÿ‡Î mgm¨vi D™¢e n‡qwQj e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| gZvgZ `vI| 4 111

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ cwiKíbv DËi: K. jÿ¨ AR©‡b M„nxZ g~L¨ Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †h cwiKíbvi MÖnY Kiv nq, Zv‡K cÖavb Kg©m~Px e‡j| L. cwiKíbv e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ KvR Kxfv‡e m¤úvw`Z n‡e Zvi AvMvg iƒc‡iLv cÖavb K‡i| e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR n‡jv cwiKíbv| GwU e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri (cwiKíbv I msMVb, cwiKíbv I Kg©xms¯’vb, cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv, cwiKíbv I wbqš¿Y) wfwË ¯^iƒc| M. eb‡fvR‡bi Kvh©µgwU GKv_©K cwiKíbvi AšÍf³ ©y | †h cwiKíbv ïaygvÎ GKUv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ ev wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri e¨env‡ii Rb¨ A_ev wbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ cÖYxZ nq Zv‡K GKv_©K cwiKíbv e‡j| ABC K‡jR KZ©„K eb‡fvRb hvIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h KwgwU MVb K‡i Zv n‡jv GKv_©K cwiKíbv| KviY GKwU wbw`©ó mgq I wbw`©ó D‡Ï‡k¨i Rb¨ G KwgwU MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| N. DÏxc‡K cwiKíbvi mgš^q I †hvMm~Î ¸‡Yi Afve cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi mKj ¯Í‡iB †h‡nZz cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z nq ZvB GKwU Av`k© cwiKíbvi mKj ¯Íi ev wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ mgš^q I †hvMm~Î iÿv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZôv‡bi g~j cwiKíbv c~e© mg‡q M„nxZ cwiKíbvi mv‡_ Ges wewfbœ ¯Í‡i M„nxZ ÿz`ª cwiKíbv g~j cwiKíbvi mv‡_ mgwš^Z nIqv Avek¨K| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ABC K‡jR KZ©„K eb‡fvRb KwgwU h_v ¯’v‡b h_v KvR Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| hvi `iæb cÖwZôv‡bi eb‡fvRbwU mvwe©Kfv‡e wek„•Ljvq f‡i I‡V| hv cÖwZôv‡bi Aa¨ÿ †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb|

8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: GKUv eo K‡j‡Ri KZ…c © ÿ Zv‡`i Af¨šÍixY cixÿv c×wZ‡Z cwieZ©b Avb‡Z Pv‡”Q| Zviv GLb cÖwZ e‡l© 4Uv †kªwY cixÿv I eQi †k‡l 100 b¤^‡ii mgvcYx cixÿv MÖnY K‡i| wewfbœ K‡jR †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Rvb‡Z cv‡i †h, †QvU A‡bK K‡j‡R †ewk cixÿv †bqv nq| KZ…©cÿ K‡j‡Ri mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq wb‡q wm×všÍ †bq †h, cÖ_g A‡a© `yÕwU †kªwY cixÿv †k‡l GKUv †mwg÷vi cixÿv Ges wØZxq A‡a© Avevi `yÕwU †kªwY cixÿv †k‡l mgvcbx †mwg÷vi cixÿv n‡e| 1g †mwg÷vi †KD Lvivc Ki‡j Zv‡K mZK©xKiY weÁwß †`qv n‡e Ges mgvcbx †mwg÷vi Avevi Lvivc Ki‡j K‡jR †_‡K ev` †`qv n‡e| K. Kg©m~wP †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o?

1 L. msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. K‡jR KZ…©c‡ÿi bZzb cwiKíbv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. K‡jR KZ…©cÿ M„nxZ cwiKíbvq DËg cwiKíbvi †Kvb ¸Y iwÿZ nIqvq Kvh©Ki dj cvIqv hv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Kg©m~wP GKv_©K cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o| L. cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vw` wPwýZKiY I wefvRb, `vwqZ¡ KZ©„Z¡ wbiƒcY I eÈb Ges cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wba©vi‡Yi KvR‡K msMVb e‡j| msMVb e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi wØZxq ¸iæZ¡cY~ © KvR| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K 112

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cwiKíbv

mwVKfv‡e wPwýZ K‡i wewfbœ wefv‡M I Dcwefv‡M fvM Kiv nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ…©Z¡ wbiæwcZ nq| AZtci cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© e‡j †`qv nq| G‡Z cÖwZôv‡b Revew`wnZv I k„sLjv wbwðZ nq| M. K‡jR KZ…©cÿ KZ„©K M„nxZ bZzb cwiKíbv ¯’vqx cwiKíbv| †h cwiKíbv cÖwZôv‡b GKevi M„nxZ nIqvi ci bZ…b †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv MÖnY ev bZzb †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v m„wó bv nIqv ch©šÍ Zv cÖwZôv‡b ev‡iev‡i e¨eüZ nq weavq Rbkw³ G‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡q c‡o| d‡j wbZ¨ bZzb wb‡`©kbv †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, K‡jR KZ©„cÿ Zv‡`i Af¨šÍixY cixÿv c×wZ‡Z cwieZ©b Avb‡Z Pv‡”Q| c×wZ memgq ¯’vqx cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o| GKUv cÖwµqvi Aax‡b †h wewfbœ KvR _v‡K Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KUv KvR‡K c×wZ K‡i‡Q A_©vr eQ‡ii cixÿv MÖnY KvR `yÕwU †mwg÷v‡i wef³ n‡e Ges cÖwZ †mwg÷v‡i `yÕwU K‡i †kÖYx cixÿv †bqv n‡e-Gi mewKQzB cÖwZôv‡b `xN©w`b e¨eüZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| ZvB K‡jR KZ©„cÿ M„nxZ cwiKíbv wbtm‡›`‡n ¯’vqx cwiKíbvi AšÍfy³ © | N. K‡jR KZ©„cÿ M„nxZ cwiKíbvq ev¯ÍegyLxZv ev Dchy³Zvi My‡Yi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| ev¯ÍegyLxZv ej‡Z M„nxZ cwiKíbv ev¯Í‡e ev Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î KZUv cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ I dj`vqK n‡e Zv‡K eySvq| A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq Ab¨‡`i †`Lv‡`wL eo K‡i ev †ewk Avkvev`x n‡q cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq; hv Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nq bv| G‡Z cÖwZôvb ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, K‡jR KZ…c © ÿ c~‡e© †h cixÿv c×wZ MÖnY K‡i G‡m‡Q Zv‡Z eQi †k‡l GKUv 100 b¤^‡ii mgvcbx cixÿv MÖnY Kiv n‡Zv| PviwU †kÖYx cixÿv n‡jI D³ †kÖwY cixÿvi djvd‡ji wfwˇZ wkÿv_x©‡`i fvj-g›` cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wbiƒcY m¤¢e wQj bv| d‡j Zviv cixÿv c×wZi AvaywbKvq‡bi welqwU wPšÍv K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv wewfbœ K‡jR †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Ges wbR¯^ ev¯ÍeZv we‡ePbvq †mk‡bi gvSLv‡b GKUv †mwg÷vi cixÿvi cÖeZ©b K‡i‡Q| cwiKíbv MÖn‡Y ev¯ÍegyLxZv ev Dchy³Zv Ggb ¸Y hv iwÿZ bv n‡j Zv Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î wek„sLjv I nZvkvi Rb¥ †`q| Avkvev`x nIqv fv‡jv wKšÍy AwZwi³ Avkvev‡`i Ici wbf©i K‡i M„nxZ cwiKíbv wedj n‡Z eva¨| Ab¨vb¨ †QvU †QvU K‡j‡R A‡bK †ewk cixÿv †bqv nq| Zv‡`i ïiæUvB nq‡Zvev Gfv‡e n‡q‡Q| wKšÍy eo K‡j‡R †ewk cixÿv wb‡Z †M‡j cixÿv Abyôvb, LvZv g~j¨vqb, djvdj cÖ`vb, BZ¨vw` Kv‡R A‡bK †ekx mgq hvq| hv K¬v‡k cvV`vb Kvh©µg‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i| ZvB K‡jR KZ©©„cÿ bvbvb we‡ePbvq †h ev¯ÍegyLx cwiKíbv wb‡q‡Q Zvi ev¯Íevqb †hgwb mnR n‡e †Zgwb wkÿv_x©‡`i gvb Dbœqb I cª‡qvR‡b kvw¯Í Av‡iv‡ci KvR‡KI mnRZi Ki‡e| ZvB K‡jR KZ©„cÿ M„nxZ cwiKíbv ev¯ÍeZvi ¸Ymg„× n‡q‡Q I Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î Zv †hŠw³K dj cÖ`v‡b mg_© n‡e| 9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wWªg K‡UR wj. †W‡fjcvi †Kv¤úvwb wn‡m‡e XvKv kn‡i wewfbœ wewìs wbg©vY K‡i| G‡KKwU wewìs wbg©v‡Yi R‡b¨ G‡KKwU cwiKíbv Kiv nq| Avi wbg©v‡Yi ci IB cwiKíbvi mgvwß nq| GB cÖwZôv‡bi wcÖwgqvg cÖ‡R± G †h wewìswU •Zwii cwiKíbv Kiv nq, Zv n‡jv GwU n‡e 35 Zjvwewkó wKš‘ ivRDK bKkv we‡kølY K‡i 12 Zjvi †ewk wbgv©Y Kiv AevšÍi n‡e ejvq Zviv 10 Zjv wewìs wbg©v‡Yi cybtcwiKíbv K‡i mdj n‡q‡Q| K. jÿ¨ Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv A½ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 113

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cwiKíbv

M. wWªg K‡UR wj. cÖK…wZwfwËK †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvq RwoZ? eY©bv K‡iv| 3 N. wWªg K‡UR wj. KZ©„K M„nxZ wcÖwgqvg cÖ‡R± cwiKíbvq DËg cwiKíbvi †Kvb ¸Y iwÿZ nIqvq Kvh©Ki dj cvIqv hv‡e? we‡kølY K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. jÿ¨: cwiKíbvi Awf‡cÖZ djvdj‡K jÿ¨ e‡j| L. cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î fwel¨r Ae¯’v ev NUbv m¤ú‡K© aviYv •Zwi Kiv‡KB cwiKíbv A½b e‡j| GwU cwiKíbv cÖY‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| mwVKfv‡e cwiKíbv Avw½bv ¯’vc‡bi IciB cwiKíbvi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i| M. wWªg K‡UR wj. cÖK…wZwfwËK GKv_©K cwiKíbvi m‡½ RwoZ| we‡kl †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevqb ev we‡kl mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †h cwiKíbv •Zwi Kiv nq Ges D³ D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi m‡½ m‡½B hvi cwimgvwß N‡U, Zv‡K GKv_©K cwiKíbv e‡j| cÖKí, Kg©m~wP cÖf…wZ G ai‡bi cwiKíbvi AšÍfy©³| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvb wWªg K‡UR wj. GKwU †W‡fjcvi †Kv¤úvwb, hviv wewìs wbg©vY K‡i| cÖwZwU wewìs wbg©v‡i mgq c„_K cwiKíbv K‡i| wewìs wbg©v‡bi ci IB cwiKíbvwUi Kvh©KvwiZv †kl n‡q hvq| bZzb wewìs ev bZzb cÖ‡R‡±i Rb¨ Avevi bZzb cwiKíbv Ki‡Z nq| myZivs ej‡Z cvwi, wWªg K‡UR wj. †h ai‡bi cwiKíbvi m‡½ RwoZ, Zv n‡jv cÖK…wZwfwËK cwiKíbvi AšÍM©Z GKv_©K cwiKíbv| N. wWªg K‡UR wj. KZ©„K M„nxZ cwiKíbvq DËg cwiKíbvi bgbxqZvv ¸YwU iwÿZ nIqvq Kvh©Ki dj cvIqvi †M‡Q| GKvwU Av`k© cwiKíbvi Ab¨Zg ¸Yvewj n‡jv bgbxqZv| cwiKíbv‡Z Aek¨B bgbxqZv _vK‡Z nq| bgbxqZv ej‡Z fwel¨‡Z cwiKíbv‡K cwieZ©b‡K †evSvq| e„nËi D‡Ïk¨ Ges Zvi Av‡jv‡K GKwU eo ai‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡j Zv mydj w`‡Z cv‡i cwiKíbvq bgbxqZv _vK‡j| DÏxc‡K wWªg K‡UR wj. Gi wcÖwgqvg cÖ‡R± Gi Rb¨ 35 Zjvwewkó wewìs wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ †h cwiKíbv wb‡qwQj, Zv ivRDK evwZj K‡i †`q| KviY, Zv Am¤¢e I ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY n‡e| wWªg K‡UR wj. ivRD‡Ki civgk©‡Zv Zv‡`i cwiKíbv‡K cwieZ©b K‡i | GLb Zviv 10 Zjv wewìs wbg©vY Ki‡e,bZzb cwiKíbvi wfwˇZ| DcwiDwjøwLZ we‡køl‡Yi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ej‡Z cvwi, wWªg K‡UR wj. cwiKíbvi bgbxqZv ¸YwU we‡ePbvq ivLvq Zv‡`i Am¤¢e cwiKíbvwU cwieZ©b K‡i K‡URwU wbg©v‡Yi gva¨‡g mdj n‡q‡Q|

114

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cwiKíbv

`kg Aa¨vq: cwiKíbv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wg. Bmjvg 2012 mv‡j c~‡e©i eQi A‡c¶v 20% weµq e„w×i Uv‡M©U wba©viY K‡i Ges Zvi Av‡jv‡K weµq wefv‡Mi cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡gœv³ c`‡¶c †bq: 1. eZ©gvb I fwel¨r 2. cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn 3. weKí Kvh©c×wZ 4. DËg weKí MÖnY my‡hvM-myweav g~j¨vqb I we‡kølY w¯’ixKiY K. GKv_©K cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv A½b ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K M„nxZ Uv‡M©U †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b Gi †hB c`‡¶‡ci Afve i‡q‡Q Zvi Acwinvh©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| ARK K‡jR KZ©„c¶ eb‡fvR‡b hvIqvi wm×všÍ wbj| Aa¨¶ m¨vi GKUv KwgwU K‡i w`‡jb| A_© msMÖn, Lvevi, Mvwo I k„•Ljv wel‡q 4Uv mveKwgwU Kiv n‡jv| †h cwigvY wk¶v_©x eb‡fvR‡b hv‡e a‡i ev‡RU Kiv n‡qwQj †kl w`‡K G‡m Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk wk¶v_©x UvKv Rgv †`q| wKš‘ G welqwU Ab¨ KwgwUi cÖavb‡`i †mfv‡e bR‡i †`qv nqwb| d‡j cÖ_‡gB ev‡m emv wb‡q mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| c‡i Lvevi Kg covq hvici‡bB wek„•Ljvi ga¨ w`‡q eb‡fvRb †kl nq| `vwqZ¡cÖvß wk¶KMY `vq Gov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡jI Aa¨¶ g‡nv`q LyeB bv‡Lvk nb| K. bxwZ Kx? 1 L. ¯’vqx cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. K‡jR KZ©„c‡¶i †bqv eb‡fvR‡bi cwiKíbv cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki M„nxZ cwiKíbvq DËg cwiKíbvi †Kvb ¸‡Yi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y mgm¨v n‡q‡Q we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| GKRb gyw`i †`vKvb`vi kvnRv`v wgqv M‡Ä fv‡jv e¨emvq K‡ib| Zvi M‡Äi cvk w`‡q †gNbv b`x| eo eo j P‡j| Zvi gv_vq G‡jv wZwb Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ j‡Âi e¨emvq bvg‡eb| GRb¨ GKUv gvSvwi mvB‡Ri j wKb‡Z KZ jvM‡e, hvÎx †Kgb hvIqv hv‡e- G ai‡bi †gvUvgywU GKUv wnmve Kl‡jb| AZtci ¯’vei I A¯’vei wKQz m¤úwË weµq K‡i cyiv‡bv GKUv j wK‡b wZwb bZzb e¨emv‡q †b‡g co‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb GLb †`L‡Qb Zvi wPšÍv Avi cÖK…Z Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we¯Íi| Zvi cÖwZwbqZ mgm¨vi †kl †bB| gyw`i †`vKv‡b bRi w`‡Z bv cvivq †mUvI e‡Üi Dcµg| K. GKv_©K cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. j¶¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. kvnRv`v wgTv †h j e¨emv‡qi cwiKíbv wb‡qwQ‡jb mgq we‡ePbvq Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. kvnRv`v wgTvi j e¨emv‡qi cwiKíbv wQj AevšÍi-Zzwg Kx G e³e¨ mg_©b Ki| g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 4| gy³v †U·UvBj wgjm KZ©„c¶ Zv‡`i Drcv`b, weµq I A_© wefvM‡K AvMvgx 6 gv‡mi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wbR wbR cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k †`q| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hvi hvi cwiKíbv wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i| Kvh©‡¶‡Î †`Lv hvq, Drcv`b I weµq wefvM Zv‡`i cwiKíbv Abyhvqx G¸‡jI cÖ_g wZb gv‡mB h‡_ó cY¨ ¸`v‡g R‡g hvq| G mg‡q KvuPvgvj µ‡qi Rb¨ †h dvÛ ‡`qv nq ZvI ch©vß bq| Ab¨w`‡K evRv‡i †`Lv †Mj G mg‡q cÖwZ‡hvwM e¨emvqxiv 115

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ cwiKíbv bZzb bZzb Kg©‡KŠkj wb‡q G¸‡”Q| hv weµq wefvM we‡ePbvq †bqwb| d‡j cieZ©x wZb gv‡mi weµq wefvM Zvi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b e¨_© nq| KZ©„c¶ G Ae¯’vq fxlYfv‡e wPwšÍZ| K. cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. ¯’vqx cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wewfbœ wefv‡Mi cwiKíbvq †Kvb wel‡qi Afve wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cwiKíbv MÖn‡Y †h mxgve×Zv ev Afve cÖwZôvbwU‡K mgm¨vq †d‡j‡Q Zvi Kvh©KvwiZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 5| †mbvevwnbxi GKUv `j mš¿vmx Dc`ªæZ GjvKvq GKUv we‡kl Acv‡ik‡b hv‡”Q| Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbvmn G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx Kx jvM‡e, Zv w`‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ ¸wj Kivmn cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj wel‡qI wb‡`©kbv †`qv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ wb‡`©kbvq ¯’vbxq KZ©„c¶ I cywjk cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e mgš^q Kiv n‡e G wel‡q wKQzi D‡jøL bv Kivq `jwU Kvh©µg Pvjv‡Z evavi m¤§yLxb n‡”Q| A‡Pbv RvqMvq cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’vbxq mn‡hvwMZv bv cvIqvq `j cÖavb Zvi wgk‡bi mvdj¨ wb‡q kswKZ| K. c×wZ †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o?

1 L. gv÷vi ev mvgwMÖK cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K †mbvevwnbxi M„nxZ cwiKíbv cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cwiKíbvq m¤ú~Y©Zvi ¸Y bv _vKvq `jwUi mgm¨vi KviY n‡q‡Q- Zzwg Kx G e³‡e¨i mv‡_ GKgZ? g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 6| widvZ GKwU wkïLv`¨ Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi| ¯’vbxq evRv‡i G RvZxq cY¨wewµ K‡i cÖwZôvbwU †ek L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki evB‡i D³ cÖwZôv‡bi c‡Y¨i evRvi m„wói j‡¶¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨ widvZ I Zvi wefv‡Mi 2 Rb Kg©x fvi‡Zi evRvi Rwic I cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i‡Q| fvi‡Z cY¨ ißvwb Ges G m¤úwK©Z GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cieZ©x †evW© wgwUs G Dc¯’vcb K‡i| mfvq AvMvgx A_© eQ‡i fvi‡Z cY¨ ißvwbi wm×všÍ Ges cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq| G wel‡q Kvh©Kwi c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ widvZ‡K mvwe©K `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y K‡i| K. cwiKíb Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi cwiKíbv †Kb me©v‡c¶v ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y©?

2 M. widv‡Zi cÖwZôvb KZ©„K fvi‡Z c‡Y¨i ißvwb cwiKívwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡bi cwiKíbvwU wK mg‡qvc‡hvMx? hyw³ `vI| 4 7| †`‡ki ch©Ub wk‡íi weKv‡k mvD`vb© †nvwìsm wjt we‡k¦i `xN©Zg mx-weP K·evRv‡i GKwU cvuP ZviKv †nv‡Uj wbg©v‡Yi cwiKíbv wb‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv weP msjMœ 6 weNv Rwg µq m¤úbœ K‡i Ges †`‡ki weL¨vZ AvwK©‡U±i‡`i cÖ¯vÍ weZ wWRvBb †_‡K wg‡mm dvinv Rvgv‡bi wWRvBb‡K g‡bvqb †`q| Gw`‡K weMZ †ek wKQz w`b †_‡K †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vi Rb¨ cwi‡ekev`x m‡PZb gn‡ji cvkvcvwk miKv‡ii bvbvb D‡`¨vM i‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ miKvi G m¤úwK©Z †ek KwQz bZzb AvBb •Zwi I cy‡iv‡bv AvB‡bi ms¯‹vi Ges bZzb bxwZgvjv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| GiB avivevwnKZvq K·evRvi mx-we‡P †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ¯’vqx ¯’vcbv wbg©vY eÜ †NvlYv K‡i miKvi cÖÁvcb Rvwi Ki‡j mvD`vb© †nvwìsm wjt †ek eo As‡Ki Avw_©K ¶wZi g‡a¨ c‡o hvq| K. cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv‡K e¨e¯’vcbv Kv‡Ri wfwË ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki mvD`vb© †nvwìsm wjt Gi †nv‡Uj wbg©vY †Kvb cÖK…wZi cwiKíbv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvD`vb© †nvwìsm wjt Gi †nv‡Uj wbg©vY cwiKíbv cÖYq‡b M„nxZ c`‡¶c KZUv h_v_© wQj e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 116

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ cwiKíbv 8| iycg †U· cÖvt wjt mywZ Kvco Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e 2008 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| AZ¨vaywbK hš¿cvwZ mw¾Z G cÖwZôv‡bi Drcvw`Z Kvc‡oi gvb †ek DbœZ| cÖ_g eQ‡i †Kv¤úvwb gybvdv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jI Pxb †_‡K Avg`vbK…Z Kvco evRv‡i Avmvq cieZ©x‡Z Zv Avi m¤¢e nqwb| MZ eQi evRvi ch©‡e¶Y K‡i cÖwZôvbwU Drcv`b eÜ †i‡L †Kej Avg`vwb Kiv †kªq g‡b Ki‡jI wekvj As‡Ki wewb‡qvMK…Z g~jab I wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i K_v we‡ePbv K‡i wcwQ‡q G‡m‡Q| cÖavb wbe©vnx Kvgiæj mv‡ne wek¦vm K‡ib wbiew”Qbœ Drcv`b I e¨q mvkªq m¤¢e n‡j †Kv¤úvwb Aek¨B Kvw•LZ gybvdv AR©b Ki‡e| wKš‘ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB e¨q mvkªq m¤¢e n‡q DV‡Q bv| K. GKv_©K cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv‡K †Kb cÖwZôv‡bi `c©Y ejv nq?

2 M. iƒcg †U·- Gi Aw¯’wZkxj Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ myôz cwiKíbvi AfveB wK `vqx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq D³ cÖwZôvbwUi KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI| 4 9| Rbve iweb `wi`ª wcZvi wek¦e`¨vjq co–qv GKRb QvÎ| wewfbœ cvwicvwk¦©KZv we‡ePbv K‡i †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk cwievi‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ †m XvKv kn‡ii e¨¯ÍZg GjvKv gvwjevM †gvo cixÿvg~jK fv‡e ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ GKwU Jl‡ai †`vKvb w`‡jb| †`vKvbwU wewkó P¶zwe‡klÁ Wvt b~iæj Bmjv‡gi †P¤^v‡ii cv‡k nIqvq wewµi cwigvY LyeB fvj| GgZve¯’vq Rbve iweb wm×všÍ wb‡jb Zvi e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg w¯’wZkxj ivL‡eb| K. ¯^í‡gqvw` cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L.cwiKíbv •Zix Kiv nq †Kb ?

2 M. Rbve iwe‡bi Jl‡ai †`vKvb †`Iqv wm×všÍwU †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvi g‡a¨ c‡o ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`vKv‡bi Kvh©µg w¯’wZkxj ivL‡eb G †¶‡Î Rbve iweb cwiKíbvi †Kvb w`‡Ki cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gZvgZ `vI| 4 10| GKv`k †kªYxi QvÎ QvÎxiv wk¶v md‡i hvIqvi K_v fve‡jb| †kªYx wk¶K KKb, †Kv_vq, wKfv‡e hvIqv n‡e, KZ LiP n‡e, KZ Zvwi‡L hvIqv n‡e Zv wVK Ki‡jb| hvÎvc‡_ kªwgK Ng©N‡Ui Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i hvÎvi weNœ NUj| K. cwiKíbv Kx? 1 L. bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbv Ges †Kb? 3 N. D‡jøwLZ DÏxc‡K cwiKíbvi †Kvb welqwU we‡ePbv Kiv nq bvB| 4 11| Ò†mvbvi evsjv †Kv¤úvwb wjtÓ Gi e¨e¯’vcbv KZ©„c¶ Zv‡`i wba©vwiZ gvb Abyhvqx cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i wewfbœ Dcvq DcKiY msMÖn I Dchy³ Kg©x wb‡qvM K‡ib| Kg©x‡`i Kvh©m¤úv`‡b DrmvwnZ Ki‡Yi wewfbœ Kg©m~wP MÖnY I DbœZ cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i cY¨ Drcv`‡bi e¨e¯’v †bb| wKš‘ wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i ÎæwU _vKvq Drcv`‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Y ÎæwU D`NvU‡bi ci ms‡kva‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i, d‡j Zv‡`i cY¨ nq DbœZ gv‡bi| K. j¶¨ Kx? 1 L. msMVb KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Ò†mvbvi evsjv †Kv¤úvwb wjtÓ Drcv`b Kv‡h© e¨e¯’vcbv P‡µi †Kvb Kvh© h_vh_fv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡iwb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÓDrcv`‡bi †¶‡Î mywbw`©ó gvb wbwðZ Ki‡Y ÎæwU DrNvU‡bi ci cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kv`‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Avek¨KÓDw³wU wK hyw³hy³? e¨vL¨v `vI| 4

117

11Zg Aa¨vq

msMVb Organization

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve Avey mv‡jn I Rbve †gvRv°vi †nv‡mb `ywU wfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| Rbve mv‡jn wb‡RB e¨emv‡qi hveZxq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib| hvi d‡j Zvi ÓAv‡jvwKZ AvMvgxÓ bvgK gvwëcvicvm †Kv¤úvbx‡Z cwiPvjbvMZ mgm¨v nq Ges eQi †k‡l †Kv¤úvbx †jvKmv‡bi gy‡LvgywL nq| Ab¨w`‡K Rbve †nv‡mb Zvi Ó¯^cœÓ bvgK Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡b Dchy³ e¨w³‡`i nv‡Z `vwqZ¡ Ac©b K‡i eQi †k‡l Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| K. mij •iwLK msMVb Kx? 1 L. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve mv‡jn †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡ib- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve †gvRv°vi †nv‡m‡bi mdjZvi wcQ‡b †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvR K‡i‡Q? Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h msMV‡bi KZ©„Z¡ ev ÿgZv cÖwZôv‡bi m‡e©v”P ¯Íi †_‡K ch©vqµ‡g wbgœ¯Í‡i †b‡g Av‡m Zv‡K mij‣iwLK msMVb e‡j| L. cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ fv‡M fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ GKRb we‡klÁ Kg©xi nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kivi gva¨‡g †h msMVb •Zwi Kiv nq Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e‡j| g~jZ: Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b e„n`vqZb Kvievi cÖwZôv‡b GK R‡bi Øviv mKj †kªYxi Kvh©m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢eci nq bv| ZvB cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©¸‡jv‡K cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †kªYxwefvM K‡i KvR¸‡jv GK GK Rb we‡klÁ Kg©xi Dci Ac©Y Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| M. Rbve mv‡jn mij‣iwLK msMVb KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡ib| †h mKj mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq cÖvwZôvwbK Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b Kiv nq Zvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q cyivZb Ges mnR msMVb n‡”Q mij‣iwLK msMVb| Rbve mv‡jn mij‣iwLK msMVb e¨envi K‡i Zvi ÿgZv ev KZ©„Z¡ wbgœ¯Íi ch©šÍ cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| wZwb wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi P~ovšÍ ÿgZvi AwaKvix _vKvi d‡j KviI mv‡_ kjv civgk© Qvov ZvrÿwYK wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mij‣iwLK msMVb e¨envi Kivi d‡j Rbve mv‡jn Gme myweav¸‡jv †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

N. Rbve †nv‡m‡bi Ô¯^cœÕ bvgK Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvbwUi mdjZvi g~j Kvi‡Y i‡q‡Q Kvh©wfwËK msMVb‡K AbymiY Kiv| cÖwZôv‡b KvR¸‡jv‡K mgRvZxqZvi wfwˇZ fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K Kvh©m¤úv`‡bi `vwqZ¡fvi GKRb we‡klÁ Kg©xi Dci Ac©Y Kiv n‡j Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e‡j| Rbve †gv¾vKvi †nv‡mb Zvi Ô¯^cœÕ bvgK Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡b Dchy³ ¯’v‡b Dchy³ e¨w³‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| hvi mdjZvi d‡j eQi †k‡l Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©‡b mÿg n‡q‡Qb| cwi‡k‡l DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq †h, Drcv`bkxj cÖwZôv‡b Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e¨envi Ki‡j fvj dj cvIqv hvq| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve ivqnvb †P․ayix xyz w¯úwbs wgj wjwg‡UW Gi GKRb wbe©vnx cwiPvjK| wZwb Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv‡Z mij •iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMVb KvVv‡gv e¨envi K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| Gi d‡j cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi mgm¨vi D™¢e nq| ZvB wZwb myôyfv‡e Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ wefv‡M fvM K‡i w`‡jb| G‡Z Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi `ÿZv e„w× cvq Ges cÖwZôvb `ªæZ DbœwZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| K. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMVb Kx? 1 L. ÔmsMVb KvVv‡gvÕ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. x y z w¯úwbs wgj wjwg‡UW Gi mvd‡j¨i †ÿ‡Î †Kvb msMV‡bi f~wgKv wQj? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMV‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Amyweavi Rb¨ Rbve ivqnvb Zvi wm×všÍ cwieZ©bKi‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb- we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z mij‣iwLK wbe©vnx‡K mn‡hvwMZv I cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †`qvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i cvkvcvwk we‡klÁ Kg©x ev c`¯’ Kg©x Kg©iZ _v‡K Zv‡K mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMVb e‡j| L. msMVb KvVv‡gv n‡jv cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ wefvM, DcwefvM I Kg©xe„‡›`i cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i GKwU KvVv‡gv wPÎ| msMVb KvVv‡gv‡K hLb GKwU wP‡Î Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq ZLb H wP·K msMVb PvU© bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ ¯Íi, wefvM, DcwefvM Ges ÿgZv cÖev‡ni wPÎ cÖ`wk©Z nq| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, msMVb n‡jv D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwZôv‡bi Dcvq-DcKiY Ges `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZv myweb¨¯Í Kivi †K․kj| msMVb KvVv‡gv ev msMVb PvU© msMV‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i Ici n‡Z wbP ch©šÍ myweb¨¯Í wewfbœ wefvM I e¨w³e‡M©i cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©, KvR I ÿgZv wb‡`©kK GKwU wPÎ we‡kl| M. x y z w¯úwbs wgj wjwg‡UW Gi mvd‡j¨i †ÿ‡Î Kvh©wfwËK msMV‡bi f~wgKv wQj| 119

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ msMVb Avgiv Rvwb Kvh©wfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Ggb GK ai‡bi msMVb eySvq, hv‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvq Kvh©vejx‡K Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM K‡i G‡`i GK‡KwU‡K G‡KKRb we‡kl‡Ái nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kiv nq| G ai‡bi msMV‡bi G‡Kev‡i Dcwi¯Í‡i GK ev GKvwaK mij‣iwLK wbe©vnx Kg©iZ _v‡K| g~jZ wefvRb I we‡klvq‡Yi myweav jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨B Giƒc msMVb KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, x y z w¯úwbs wgj wjwg‡UW Gi wbe©vnx cwiPvjK cÖwZôvbwUi KvR myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ wefv‡M fvM K‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB ejv hvq GwU GKwU Kvh©wfwËK msMVb| N. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©xi msMV‡bi †h mKj Amyweavi Kvi‡Y Rbve ivqnvb Zvi wm×všÍ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jb Zv wb‡gœ we‡kølY Kiv nj: cÖ_gZ: we‡klÁ Kg©x‡`i Dcw¯’wZiKi‡Y Zv‡`i gZvgZ wb‡q wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^ n‡q †hZ| KviY GKv wm×všÍ †bqvi PvB‡Z Kv‡iv Dc‡`k ev civgk© wb‡q wm×všÍ wb‡Z PvB‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB mgq †ekx jv‡M wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î| wØZxqZ: A‡bK mgq cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡ªZ A_ev wm×všÍ †bqvi †ÿ‡Î we‡klÁ Kg©x‡`i civgk© wb‡q mgq †ÿcb bv K‡i `ªæZ wm×všÍ †bqvi Kvi‡Y we‡klÁ Kg©xiv wb‡R‡`i‡K D‡cwÿZ g‡b K‡i| Z…ZxqZ: wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v Ges we‡klÁ Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZvi e¨envi mxgv wb‡q cÖvqB g‡bvgvwjb¨ †`Lv †`q| hvi d‡j Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨vi D™¢e nq| GmKj Kvi‡Y Rbve ivqnvb Zvi wm×všÍ cwieZ©b K‡i Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kvh©wfwËK msMVb c×wZ Pvjy Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve kwdK Zvi ¯^í jvfRbK cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vewj myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Kvh©‡ ÿ‡Î Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx `ÿ e¨e¯’vcK wb‡qvM K‡ib| wKš‘ mgq‡ÿc‡bi Kvi‡Y cwiKíbv Abyhvqx cÖZ¨vwkZ jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| K. msMVb Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbvi bgbxqZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb †g․wjK bxwZwU Abym„Z n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡bi we`¨gvb msMVb KvVv‡gvwU-B cÖZ¨vwkZ jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡bi cÖavb AšÍivq|- gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 DËi: K. Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvVv‡gv I DcKiY wba©vwiZ nq †h cÖwµqvq Zv‡K msMVb e‡j| L. wek¦ evwYR¨ cwi‡ek, cÖwZ‡hvMxZvi cÖK…wZ, †fv³v, iæwP I e¨envi µgvMZ cwieZ©bkxj| Giƒc cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Zvj wgjv‡bvi mÿgZv nj bgbxqZv| cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L cwiKíbvi cwieZ©bB nj cwiKíbvi bgbxqZv| 120

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôv‡b Kvh© wefvR‡bi bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ wefv‡M ev BDwb‡U fvM K‡i †bqv eySvq| Kg©x‡`i m‡e©v”P `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K fvM K‡i †bqvB Kvh©wefvRb| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vewj myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri aiY Abymv‡i wewfbœ wefv‡M wef³ K‡i D³ wefv‡Mi Rb¨ `ÿ Kg©x wb‡qvM w`‡q Zv‡`i Dci `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gv Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wefvM Avjv`v K‡i cÖwZwU wefv‡M we‡klÁ wb‡qvM †`qv n‡q‡Q| hv Kvh©wfwËK msMVb‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i| cÖwZôvbwUi gvwjKvbvi aiY Abyhvqx GKgvwjKvbv n‡jI †mLv‡b Avjv`v wefvM K‡i cÖwZwU wefv‡M we‡klÁ wb‡qvM w`‡q Kvh©wfwËK msMV‡b cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZôvbwU cÖZ¨vwkZ mvdj¨ bv cvIqvi wcQ‡b cÖavb AšÍivq nj Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ wefvR‡bi Kvi‡Y †QvU cªwZôv‡b AwaK `ÿ e¨e¯’vcK wb‡qvM`v‡bi cwiPvjbv Li‡P weiƒc cÖfve †d‡j‡Q Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wm×všÍnxbZvi Kvi‡Y AwaK mgq‡ÿcY nq| d‡j cÖwZôvbwU cÖZ¨vwkZ mvdj¨ †c‡Z e¨_© n‡”Q| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. myRb GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| wZwb Ges AviI K‡qKRb m`m¨ jÿ¨ Ki‡jb Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi †h jÿ¨ Zv AR©‡b e¨_© n‡”Qb| KviY AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ Zviv GKwU Z`šÍ KwgwU MVb Ki‡jb| †`Lv †Mj Zv‡`i msMVb e¨e¯’vcbv wQj ÎæwUc~Y© Ges Kg©xiv wVKg‡Zv `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q bv| cieZ©x‡Z Zviv cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ cyb:wba©viY K‡i KvR¸‡jv wewfbœ wefvM Dcwefv‡M fvM K‡i w`‡jb Ges Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ ÿgZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| K. e¨e¯’vcbv msMVb Kx? 1 L. KwgwU ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖwZôvbwUi jÿ¨ AR©‡b e¨_© nIqvi g~j KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wg. myR‡bi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc msMV‡bi †Kvb bxwZgvjv Abymib n‡q‡Q? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. msMVb nj Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi Øviv cÖwZôv‡bi Afxó jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcvq-DcKiYvw` mymsMwVZ Kiv nq| L. KwgwU ev cl©` n‡”Q GKvwaK e¨w³ wb‡q MwVZ GKwU msMVb hvi Ici †Kv‡bv we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Rb¨ cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ ev †Kv‡bv Kvh©fvi Awc©Z nq| eo AvKv‡ii cÖwZôv‡b wbe©vnx‡`i Kg©fvi jvN‡ei Rb¨, we‡klvwqZ Kv‡Ri myôz mgš^q Ges wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Kg©x‡`i AvMÖn e„w×i †ÿ‡Î KwgwU msMVb we‡klfv‡e dj`vqK| 121

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

M. g~j KviY n‡jv msMVb KvVv‡gv mwVKfv‡e cÖYqb bv Kiv| †h cÖwµqv‡Z msMVb cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K msMVb KvVv‡gv e‡j| †K, †Kvb KvR Ki‡e, Kx KvR Kiv n‡e, Kxfv‡e Kiv n‡e, Kvi Kv‡Q, Revew`wn Ki‡e BZ¨vw`i myôz mgš^q KivB nj msMVb KvVv‡gv| cÖwZôvbwU‡Z msMVb KvVv‡gv wQj ÎæwUc~Y©| msMVb KvVv‡gv `ye©j _vKvi Kvi‡Y Kg©xiv wVKgZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Q bv| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefvM, DcwefvM I cÖkvmwbK BDwbU m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| N. cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wg. myR‡bi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc h_v_© n‡q‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| g~jZ Zviv †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv msMV‡bi g‡a¨ KZ©„Z¡ I `vwq‡Z¡i mgZv weavb| †Kvb Kg©xi Dci `vwqZ¡ Ac©‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ ch©vß KZ©„Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ab¨_vq †m myôziƒ‡c ev `ÿZvi mv‡_ Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q wg. myRb msMVb e¨e¯’vcbv‡K mwVK Kivi Rb¨ KvR¸‡jv wewfbœ fv‡M wef³ K‡ib Ges `vwqZ¡ eÈb K‡i w`‡jb| jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Yi ci wZwb Kx KvR Ki‡eb Zv wba©viY K‡ib Ges KvVv‡gv wbe©vPb Ki‡jb| KvR wef³ K‡i †`qvi d‡j wewfbœ wefvM, DcwefvM I e¨w³i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© e„w× cvq G‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©b mnR nq| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ivwKe Ges kwdK `ywU wfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| ivwK‡ei cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xiv wbe©vnxi cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veavb I wbqš¿Yvax‡b †_‡K Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Zvi eÜz kwd‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b wbe©vnx‡K mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ K‡qKRb we‡klÁ e¨w³ Av‡Qb| ivwK‡ei cÖwZôv‡b kªwgK Am‡šÍvl †`Lv †`Iqvq †m eÜz kwd‡Ki Kv‡Q civgk© PvB‡j kwdK GKwU KwgwU MVb K‡i welqwU Z`‡šÍi civgk© †`b| K. AbvbyôvwbK msMVb Kx? 1 L. msMVb ZvwjKv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wg. ivwK‡ei msMVb KvVv‡gv †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z `ywU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi msMVb KvVv‡gv DËg e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. cÖwZôv‡bi ixwZ-bxwZ, ev AvbyôvwbKZvi evB‡i Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ †h AbvbyôvwbK m¤ú‡K©i KvVv‡gv m„wó nq Zv‡K AbvbyôvwbK msMVb e‡j| L. msMVb KvVv‡gv‡K hLb GKwU wP‡Î Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq ZLb H wP·K msMVb ZvwjKv e‡j| msMVb ZvwjKvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ ¯Íi, wefvM, DcwefvM Ges ÿgZv cÖev‡ni wPÎ cÖ`wk©Z nq| M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wg. ivwK‡ei msMVb KvVv‡gvi aiY n‡jv mij‣iwLK msMVb| †h msMV‡b GKRb DaŸ©Zb Zvi Aa¯Í‡bi em wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Aa¯Íb Zvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ DaŸ©Z‡bi wbKU Revew`wn K‡i Zv‡K mij‣iwLK msMVb e‡j| 122

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ msMVb DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, ivwK‡ei cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xiv wbe©vnxi cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veavb I wbqš¿bvax‡b †_‡K KvR m¤úv`vb K‡i †mUv GKgvÎ mij‣iwLK msMV‡b n‡q _v‡K| myZivs ejv hvq ivwK‡ei msMVb KvVv‡gvi aib n‡jv mij‣iwLK msMVb| N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z `ywU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ Rbve kwd‡Ki cÖwZôv‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gvwU DËg e‡j Avgvi g‡b nq| †h msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z mij‣iwLK wbe©vnx‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ Dc‡`óv ev we‡klÁ Kg©xi e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMVb e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q Rbve kwd‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b wbe©vnxi Kvh©fvi jvN‡e Dc‡`óv ev mn‡hvMx Kg©x wb‡qvM †`qv n‡q‡Q| mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMV‡b cwiKíbvi gvb DbœxZ nq| mgm¨vi `ªæZ mgvavb Kiv hvq, AcPq n«vm cvq Ges GKRb wbe©vnx Zvi KvR mn‡hvMxi mv‡_ fvM K‡i †m †h Kv‡Ri †hvM¨ †mB KvR †m m¤úv`b K‡i| d‡j kªwgK Am‡šÍvl †`Lv †`q bv| Dc‡i ewY©Z Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ Rbve kwd‡Ki cÖwZôv‡bi mij •iwLK Dc‡`óv Kg©x msMVbB DËg e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: †Mv‡ìb BÛvw÷ª‡Z 2010 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2011 mv‡j bxU gybvdvi cwigvY 15% n«vm cvq| welqwU Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ cÖavb wbe©vnx cÖwZôv‡bi DaŸ©Zb GKRb Kg©KZ©v wg. †ivnvb‡K `vwqZ¡ †`b| wg. †ivnvb Z`šÍ ïiæ K‡ib| Z`‡šÍi GK ch©v‡q wZwb wnmve iÿ‡Ki wbKU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© dvBj Zje Ki‡j wZwb Zv cÖavb wbe©vnx e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv wbKU dvBj n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖavb wbe©vnx‡K AeMZ Ki‡j wZwb †Kvb m`yËi †`bwb| GB welqwU wb‡q cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ †Nvjv‡U cwi‡e‡ki m„wó nq Ges cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wek„•Ljv m„wó nq| dj¯^iƒc cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ð ¯’weiZv †`Lv †`q| GB RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wg. iZb wPwšÍZ n‡q co‡jb| K. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb Kx? 1 L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Z`šÍ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© msMV‡bi †Kvb bxwZ mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡j we‡iva m„wó n‡Zv bv- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K m„wó mgm¨v mgvav‡b †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv AbymiY hyw³hy³ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| †Zvgvi Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ wefv‡M fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ GKRb we‡klÁ Kg©xi nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kivi gva¨‡g †h msMVb •Zwi Kiv nq Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e‡j| A_ev, Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i †h wefvM •Zwi Kiv nq Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e‡j| 123

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

L. msMV‡bi wb‡`©kbvi bxwZgvjv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ| †Kvb we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vnx Zvi Aaxb¯’‡`i †h mKj wb‡`©k ev Av‡`k †`‡eb †m¸‡jv GKwUi mv‡_ Ab¨wU mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqv DwPZ| Zvn‡j Kg©x‡`i c‡ÿ KvR Kiv mnR n‡e Ges cÖwZôv‡bi g~j jÿ¨ AwR©Z n‡e| M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Z`šÍ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© msMV‡bi KZ©„Z¡ I `vwq‡Z¡i mgZv bxwZ mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡j we‡iva m„wó nZ bv| GKwU kw³kvjx e¨e¯’vcbv msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î e¨e¯’vcK‡`i KZ©„Z¡ I `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ mgZv weavb Acwinvh©| GKRb wbixÿK‡K wnmv‡e wbixÿvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡j Aek¨B Zv‡K LvZvcÎ †`Lv ev Zje Kivi KZ©„Z¡ †`qv DwPZ| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Z`šÍ KwgwUi cÖavb †ivnvb‡K `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_ KZ©„Z¡ Ac©Y Kiv nqwb| hvi d‡j G ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| N. DÏxc‡K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZôvbwU‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ wefv‡M fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ GKRb we‡kl Kg©xi nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kivi gva¨‡g †h msMVb •Zwi Kiv nq Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e‡j| ‡Mv‡ìb BÛvw÷ª‡Z 2010 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2011 mv‡j bxU gybvdvi cwigvY 15% n«vm cvq| welqwU mwVKfv‡e Rvbvi Rb¨ †h Z`šÍ KwgwU MVb Kiv nq, †mwUI wVK gZ Z_¨ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb KZ©„Z¡ ev ÿgZvi Afv‡e| G Ae¯’v †_‡K cwiÎvY cvevi Rb¨ cÖwZôvbwU‡Z Kvh©wfwËK msMVb M‡o Zzj‡j mwVK Revew`wnZv cv‡e| †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡M Kg©iZ e¨w³eM© Zvi wbR wbR Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vq-`vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡e| AZGe cÖwZôvbwUi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©wfwËK msMVb •Zix Kivi c‡ÿ| 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wgZv Mv‡g©›Um G AwMœKvÐ msMwVZ n‡j KZ©e¨iZ mycvifvBRvi KviLvbvi e¨e¯’vcK‡K Ges KviLvbv e¨e¯’vcK gnve¨e¯’vcK‡K AewnZ K‡ib| gnve¨e¯’vcK NUbv¯’j cwi`k©b K‡ib Ges Aci 2 Rb Kg©KZ©v‡K AwMœKv‡Ði KviY I ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©q K‡i 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b †`qvi wjwLZ wb‡`©k †`b| K. mwVK ZË¡veavb cwimi Kx? 1 L. msMVb cÖwµqvi c`‡ÿcmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K m„ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gnve¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K M„nxZ wm×všÍwU Kx mwVK? Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. GKRb Kg©KZ©v ev Kg©Pvix fvjfv‡e hZRb Kg©x I Zv‡`i KvR Z`viK Ki‡Z mÿg Zv‡K †m cwigvY `vwqZ¡ †`qvB n‡jv mwVK ZË¡veavb cwimi| 124

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

L. KwZcq mvaviY jÿ¨ AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë Drcv`‡bi we‡klvwqZ DcKiYmg~‡ni myôz mgš^q n‡jv msMVb| msMVb cÖwµqvi c`‡ÿcmg~n n‡jv: 1. Kvh© wefvMxqKiY 2. `vwqZ¡ I KZ©„Z¡ msÁvwqZKiY 3. `vwqZ¡ I KZ…©Z¡ Ac©Y 4. cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wba©viY| M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU‡Z KwgwU msMVb we`¨gvb| KwgwU n‡jv †Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨w³e‡M©i mgwó hv‡`i Ici †Kv‡bv we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi wbwg‡Ë cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ ev †Kv‡bv Kvh©fvi Awc©Z nq| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, wgZv Mv‡g©›Um G AwMœKvÐ msMwVZ n‡j gnve¨e¯’vcK wb‡R NUbv¯’j cwi`k©b K‡i e¨e¯’vcK (cÖkvmb) †K cÖavb K‡i Ges Aci 2 Rb Kg©KZ©v‡K AwMœKv‡Ði KviY I ÿwZ wbiƒcY K‡i wi‡cvU© Rgv †`qvi K_v e‡jb| gnve¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb welq KwgwU msMV‡bi mv‡_ wg‡j hv‡”Q| KviY KwgwU mvaviYZ mvsMVwbK wbq‡g wbe©vwPZ ev EaŸ©Zb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ n‡q _v‡K| N. DÏxc‡Ki m„ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z KwgwU MV‡bi wm×všÍwU mwVK| KwgwU n‡jv we‡klfv‡e wbe©vwPZ ev EaŸ©Zb KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ Ggb †Kv‡bv e¨w³e‡M©i mgwó hv‡`i Dci we‡kl †Kv‡bv cÖkvmwbK Kvh© ev `vwqZ¡ fvi b¨¯Í Kiv nq Ges hviv mymsMwVZfv‡e wgwjZ n‡q Avjvc Av‡jvPbv ev mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| A‡bK mgq cÖwZôv‡b Ggb AbvKvw•LZ Ae¯’vi D™¢e nq hv ZvrÿwYK wbim‡b KwgwU MVb Kivi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| †m‡ÿ‡Î KviY AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ e¨vcK I wewPÎ Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRb c‡o †mLv‡b KwgwU jvfRbK| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ wgZv Mv‡g©›Um G AwMœKvÐ N‡U‡Q| AwMœKv‡Ði KviY I ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©‡qi Rb¨ wewPÎ Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRb| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, DÏxc‡Ki m„ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z KwgwU MV‡bi wm×všÍwU G‡Kev‡iB mwVK|

8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Rwni GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK I gyL¨ wbe©vnx| Zvi cÖwZôv‡b cÖwZUv eo wefv‡M cÖavb wbe©vnx‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ we‡kò Kg©x Kg©iZ i‡q‡Q| wZwb jÿ¨ Ki‡jb †h, cÖvqkB we‡klÁMY cÖavb wbe©vnx KZ…©K D‡cwÿZ nq Ges Zv‡`i‡K †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq bv| A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ZvB wZwb Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡Mi KvR¸‡jv‡K †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM K‡i we‡klÁ‡`i wbe©vnx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| K. msMVb wPÎ Kx? 1 L. KwgwU ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Rwn‡ii cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_gZ †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖPwjZ wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rwni Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡M †h ai‡bi KvVv‡gvi cÖPjb NwU‡q‡Qb Zvi Kvh©KvwiZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 125

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ msMVb DËi: K. msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z wewfbœ e¨w³, wefvM I Dcwefv‡Mi Ae¯’vb I Zv‡`i m¤úK© hLb †iLvwP‡Î Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K msMVb wPÎ e‡j| L. KwgwU n‡jv †Kv‡bv we‡kl e¨w³e‡M©i mgwó hv‡`i Ici †Kv‡bv we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi wbwg‡Ë †Kv‡bv cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ ev Kvh©fvi Ac©Y Kiv hvq| KwgwUi AšÍfy©³ e¨w³eM© mvgwóKfv‡e Zv‡`i Ici Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| KwgwUi GKRb mfvcwZ ev AvnevqK _v‡Kb Ges Gi KvR‡K mgš^‡qi Rb¨ m`m¨‡`i ga¨ †_‡K GKRb m`m¨‡K mwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡Z cv‡i| KwgwU ¯’vqx ev A¯’vqx Dfq ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| M. wgt Rwn‡ii cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_gZ mij‣iwLK I c`¯’Kgx© msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖPwjZ wQj| hLb †Kvb msMV‡b mij‣iwLK KZ©„Z¡ I mn‡hvMx KZ©„Z¡ GK‡Î Kg©iZ _v‡K Zv‡K mij‣iwLK I c`¯’Kg©x msMVb e‡j| wgt Rwn‡ii cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_g Ae¯’vq cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi wbe©vnxMY mKj‣iwLK Kgx© Ges Zv‡`i‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ we‡klÁ Kgx©MY c`¯’ Kg©x wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQj| G ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z †h‡nZz mij‣iwLK Kg©KZ©vMYB e¨e¯’vcbvi g~j KZ©„Z¡ †fvM K‡i d‡j A‡bK mgq Zv‡`i †¯^”QvPvix AvPi‡Y we‡klÁ Kgx©iv D‡cwÿZ nq| DÏxc‡Ki wgt Rwn‡ii cÖwZôv‡bI GKB ai‡bi Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q| N. wgt Rwni Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡M Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gvi cÖPjb NwU‡q‡Qb| Kvh©wfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Ggb GK ai‡bi msMVb‡K eySvq, hv‡Z e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh©vewj‡K Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM K‡i G‡`i G‡KKwU‡K G‡KKRb we‡kl‡Ái nv‡Z b¨¯Í Kiv nq| G ai‡bi msMV‡bi G‡Kev‡i Dcwi¯Í‡i GK ev GKvwaK mij‣iwLK wbe©vnx Kg©iZ _v‡K| e¨e¯’vcbvi ga¨g I wb‡Pi ch©v‡q c`¯’ Kgx©MYB D”P wbe©vnxi wb‡`©kgZ mxwgZ KZ©„Z¡ mn‡hv‡M Kvh©Z wbe©vnx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| msMV‡bi Ø›Ø wbim‡bi †ÿ‡Î wgt Rwn‡ii c`‡ÿcwU Avwg h_v_© e‡j g‡b Kwi| KviY G‡ÿ‡Î DØ©Zb wbe©vnxMY we‡klÁ‡Mi Dci wbf©ikxj nIqvi Kvi‡Y †¯^”QvPvix n‡Z cv‡i bv Avevi we‡klÁMYI ïaygvÎ Dc‡`k `vb ev mn‡hvwMZv bv K‡i Kg©‡ÿ‡Î ¯^vaxbfv‡e Zv‡`i Ávb I `ÿZv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i| d‡j mij‣iwLK ev c`¯’ Kg©x msMV‡bi b¨vq G‡ÿ‡Î Ø›Ø m„wói my‡hvM _v‡K bv|

126

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

GKv`k Aa¨vq: msMVb Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wg. Rnxi GKUv cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK I gyL¨ wbe©vnx| Zvi cÖwZôv‡b cÖwZUv eo wefv‡M cÖavb wbe©vnx‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ we‡klÁ Kg©x Kg©iZ i‡q‡Q| wZwb j¶¨ Ki‡jb †h, cÖvqkB we‡klÁMY cÖavb wbe©vnx KZ©„K D‡cw¶Z nq Ges Zv‡`i‡K †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq bv| A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø j¶¨ Kiv hvq| ZvB wZwb Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡Mi KvR¸‡jv‡K †QvU †QvU fv‡M fvM K‡i we‡klÁ‡`i wbe©vnx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| K. msMVb wPÎ Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. Rnx‡ii cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_gZ †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖPwjZ wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rnxi Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡M †h ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖPjb NwU‡q‡Qb Zvi Kvh©vKvwiZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| ggZv dzW †cÖvWv±m wm‡jU A‡j Zv‡`i weµq Kvh©µg m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ Rbve gybZvmx‡ii Ici `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb| Rbve gybZvmxi †Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq cÖ_‡g KvR ïiæ Ki‡eb wbw`©ó K‡i D³ GjvKvq Kx Kx KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡Z¨KUv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©„Z¡ wbw`©ó Ki‡jb| `vwqZ¡ I KZ©„Z¡ wbw`©ó Kivi †¶‡Î Zvi wPšÍv n‡jv- †jvK‡`i AwaK KZ©„Z¡ w`‡j Zviv †¯^”QvPvix nq| ZvB Zv‡`i KZ©„Z¡ Kg w`‡eb Ges Revew`wnZvi gvÎv †ewk n‡e| wb‡qvMcÖvßiv KvR Ki‡Z †h‡q mgm¨v †eva Ki‡Qb| K. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gvi cÖeZ©K †K? 1 L. j†¶¨i bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

2 M. DÏxc‡K Rbve gybZvmxi e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb KvR K‡i‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †h bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y wb‡qvMcÖvßiv `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b mgm¨vq c‡o‡Qb Zvi DËi‡Y KiYxq we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| wg. ingvb GKUv wkí cÖwZôv‡bi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi| Zvi Aax‡b Drcv`b, weµq Ges A_© I wnmve wefvM KvR K‡i| cÖwZUv wefv‡MB e¨e¯’vcKMY wbR wbR wefv‡M mKj KZ©„‡Z¡i AwaKvix| cÖwZôv‡bi A_© I wnmve wefv‡Mi Rbkw³i KvR Kg n‡jI weµq wefv‡M Kv‡Ri gvÎv †ewk| GLvbKvi mevB †gvUvgywU Kg©fviMÖ¯’| d‡j Kv‡R mgm¨v n‡”Q| wg. ingvb weµq wefv‡Mi e¨e¯’vcK‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ GKRb we‡klÁ Kg©x wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb| AvÂwjK weµq e¨e¯’vcK‡`i KviI KviI †¶‡Î G ai‡bi Kg©x wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| K. me‡P‡q mnR I mij cÖK…wZi msMVb KvVv‡gv †KvbwU? 1 L. msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki msMVb cÖwZôvq e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZi e¨Z¨q N‡U‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. ingv‡bi bZzb wm×v‡šÍ †h ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv M‡o DV‡e Zvi Kvh©KvwiZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| wg‡mm AvRv` XvKvi AwfRvZ GjvKvq GKUv AvevwmK †nv‡Uj I †i÷z‡i›U Ki‡jb| Kg †jvK w`‡q †ewk KvR Kiv‡bvi welqwU Zvi gv_vq| GKRb‡K GKUv `vwqZ¡ bv w`‡q GKvwaK `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| GKB Kg©x †i÷z‡i‡›U I iæg mvwf©‡m `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivq A‡bK †Póvi ciI Zv‡`i `¶Zv evo‡Q bv| wg‡mm AvRv` LyeB wPšÍvq c‡o‡Qb| wZwb mgm¨v¸‡jv mbv³ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© †`qvi Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi wZbRb D³ c`¯’ wbe©vnxi Ici `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Ki‡jb| K. mij‣iwLK msMVb Kx? 1 127

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

L. mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. wg‡mm AvRv` msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖYq‡b †Kvb welqwU D‡c¶v Kivq wPšÍvq c‡o‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| N. wg‡mm AvRv` cieZ©x‡Z mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Dcvq LyuR‡Z hv K‡i‡Qb Zvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki|

2 3 4

5| wg. kvnxb GKUv wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Rywbqi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †c‡q‡Qb| cÖwZôvbwUi cY¨gvb m¤ú‡K© me©ÎB mybvg i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g w`b cÖwZôv‡bi Gg.wW. Zv‡K GKUv mvwf©m iæ‡ji Kwci mv‡_ GKUv †iLvwPÎ m¤^wjZ KvMR cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| KvMRLÛwU †`‡L wg. kvnxb cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ wefvM, DcwefvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb Drcv`b wefvM e‡j wKQz †bB| †QvU †QvU KZK¸‡jv wefv‡Mi Ici G msµvšÍ `vwqZ¡ fvM Kiv| †Kv‡bv mn‡hvMx †bB| wZwb fve‡jb Av‡Mi Awd‡m wbe©vnx I mn‡hvMxi g‡a¨ †h Ø›Ø †`‡L‡Qb GLv‡b m¤¢eZ Zvi my‡hvM †bB| K. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMVb Kx? 1 L. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’Kg©x msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K wg. kvnxb‡K †h KvMRLÛ †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv Kx e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Drcv`b wefv‡Mi msMVb KvVv‡gv †`‡L GLv‡b Ø›Ø n‡e bv e‡j wg. kvnx‡bi g‡b Kivi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wg. Zid`vi GKUv eo cÖwZôv‡bi mvavib e¨e¯’vcK| Zvi Aax‡b cvuPUv Avjv`v Avjv`v wefvM KvR K‡i| Drcv`b wefvM Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQz mvgMÖx gv‡S-g‡a¨ wb‡Riv µq K‡i| G wb‡q µq wefvM LyeB bv‡Lvm| Ab¨ wefv‡Mi mv‡_I gv‡S-g‡a¨ Giƒc mgm¨v nq| wg. Zid`vi ‡`‡L‡Qb Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡Mi wbe©vnx Kg©fviMÖ¯Í| D³ wefvM `yÕwUi †Kv‡bv cÖ`vb wbe©vnx Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j wefv‡Mi KvR h‡_ó ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq| ZvB wg. Zid`vi `yÕwU eo wefv‡Mi gyL¨ wbe©vnxi Rb¨ `yÕRb mn‡hvMx wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb| K. †Kvb msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z we‡klÁMY wbe©vnx KZ©„Z¡ cvq?

1 L. KwgwU msMV‡b wef³ `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖYq‡b †Kvb welq we‡ePbv bv Kivq mgm¨v n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Zid`vi `yÕRb mn‡hvMx wb‡qvM †`qvq msMVb KvVv‡gvi cÖK…wZ‡Z †h cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q Zvi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7| wg. †gvnšÍ GKUv e„n`vqZb †U·UvBj wg‡ji gyL¨ wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v| Zvi Drcv`b wefv‡Mi e¨e¯’vcK wg. bvRgy‡ji mv‡_ Zvi mn‡hvMxZi Ø›Ø wb‡q wZwb weeªZ| G‡Z cÖwZôvbI ¶wZMÖ¯Í n‡”Q| Gi g‡a¨ nVvr K‡i `yÕwU Drcv`b BDwb‡Ui kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ gvivgvwii GKUv NUbvq cÖwZôv‡b D‡ËRbv weivR Ki‡Q| ZvB wg. †gvnšÍ Zvi mn‡hvMxmn AviI `yÕRb Kg©KZ©vi Ici †`vlx e¨w³‡`i kbv³ K‡i wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ civgk© cÖwZ‡e`b `vwL‡ji wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| K. †gwUª· msMVb Kx? 1 L. mij‣iwLK msMVb ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. †gvnšÍi cÖwZôv‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki gvivgvwii NUbvq wg. †gvnšÍ †h c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Qb Zv mgm¨v mgvav‡b f~wgKv ivL‡e- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 128

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

msMVb

8| ÔDËiv †efv‡iR cÖvt wjtÕ G Kg©iZ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K A‡c¶vK…Z Dc‡ii c‡` whwb Av‡Qb †Kej Zvi Av‡`k †g‡b KvR Ki‡Z nq| GLvbKvi wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y, mwVK wb‡`©kbv, Kg©x‡`i Revew`wnZv Ges m‡e©vcwi cÖvwZôvwbK k„•Ljvi Kvi‡Y w`‡b w`‡b Gi Kv‡Ri e¨vwß †eo‡Q K‡qK¸Y| ZvB †Kv¤úvwbi cÖavb wbe©vnx wg. Gjvnxi civgk©K wn‡m‡e wewkwó AvBbÁ Rbve iv‡k`yj Kwei‡K wb‡qvM †`qv nq| wg. Gjvnx cÖ_g w`‡K Rbve Kwe‡ii civg‡k© †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡jI wKQzw`b †h‡ZB `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ wKQzUv gvbwmK `~iZ¡ •Zwi nq| AwZm¤cÖwZ GKwU AvBwb RwUjZvq mg‡qvc‡hvMx wm×všÍ wb‡Z bv cvivq †Kv¤úvwb‡K eo As‡Ki gvïjI w`‡Z nq| G‡Z cwiPvjbv cl©` wKQzUv DwØMœ n‡q c‡o| K. msMVb PvU© Kx? 1 L. †h․_ wm×v‡šÍi †¶‡Î KwgwU myweavRbK †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki DËiv †efv‡iR cÖvt wjt Gi msMVb KvVv‡gv †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i KiYxq m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 9| mvgvivZ B›Uvib¨vkbvj wjt GKwU e„n`vqZb Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb| wb‡gœ Gi msMVb KvVv‡gv †`Lv‡bv n‡jvcwiPvjbv cl©` e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK

µq e¨e¯’vcK

Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcK

weµq e¨e¯’vcK

A_© e¨e¯’vcK

K. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gvi cÖeZ©K †K ?

L. msMVb PvU© †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? M. wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z KvVv‡gvwU †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. mvgvivZ B›Uvib¨vkbvj wjt †Kb G ai‡bi KvVv‡gv e¨envi Ki‡Q? hyw³ `vI|

gvbem¤ú` e¨e¯’vcK 1 2 3 4

10| ÔjvBd dvg©vwmDwUK¨vjm&Õ Gi weµq w`b w`b K‡g hv‡”Q| gvb wVK †i‡L AwaK Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨ †Kv¤úvwb MZ eQi cÖvq 5 †KvwU UvKv LiP K‡i myBRvij¨vÛ †_‡K AZ¨vaywbK cÖhyw³m¤úbœ hš¿cvwZ G‡b ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| GQvov Ilya cwien‡Y myweavi K_v wPšÍv K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi cwienY jvB‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨ AviI cvuPwU kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z f¨vb hy³ K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ cvuP eQ‡ii g‡a¨ MZ eQ‡ii weµ‡qi cwigvY me©wbgœ ch©v‡q †b‡g hvIqvq cÖavb wbe©vnx AvRnvi mv‡ne wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡ob| wZwb µq, Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡Mi cÖavb‡`i‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e KviY D`NvUbc~e©K mgvavbg~jK wi‡cvU© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z wi‡cv‡U©i Av‡jv‡K AvRnvi mv‡ne weµq †K․k‡j cwieZ©bmn AviI wKQz e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib| Gw`‡K PjwZ eQ‡ii cÖ_g wZbgv‡m evRv‡ii Ae¯’v †`‡L wZwb Avkvev`x n‡q I‡Vb| K. mvgwiK msMV‡bi Aci bvg Kx? 1 L. •ØZ AaxbZv ej‡Z Kx eySv‡bv nq?

2 M. DÏxc‡K AvRnvi mv‡ne †Kv¤úvwbi µq, Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡Mi cÖavb‡`i‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e †h `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb Zv e¨e¯’vcbv msMV‡bi †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ wg‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 129

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ msMVb N. AvRnvi mv‡n‡ei RvqMvq Zzwg _vK‡j †Kv¤úvwbi weµq K‡g hvIqvi †cÖw¶‡Z Kx Ki‡Z- Zv hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 11| Rbve Avey mv‡jn I Rbve †gvRv°vi †nv‡mb `ywU wfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| Rbve mv‡jn wb‡RB e¨emv‡qi hveZxq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib| hvi d‡j Zvi ÓAv‡jvwKZ AvMvgxÓ bvgK gvwëcvicvm †Kv¤úvbx‡Z cwiPvjbvMZ mgm¨v nq Ges eQi †k‡l †Kv¤úvbx †jvKmv‡bi gy‡LvgywL nq| Ab¨w`‡K Rbve †nv‡mb Zvi Ó¯^cœÓ bvgK Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡b Dchy³ e¨w³‡`i nv‡Z `vwqZ¡ Ac©b K‡i eQi †k‡l Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| K. mij •iwLK msMVb Kx? 1 L. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve mv‡jn †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡ib- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve †gvRv°vi †nv‡m‡bi mdjZvi wcQ‡b †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvR K‡i‡Q? Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 12| †Mv‡ìb BÛvw÷ª‡Z 2010 mv‡ji Zzjbvq 2011 mv‡j bxU gybvdvi cwigvY 15% n«vm cvq| welqwU Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ cÖavb wbe©vnx cÖwZôv‡bi DaŸ©Zb GKRb Kg©KZ©v wg. †ivnvb‡K `vwqZ¡ †`b| wg. †ivnvb Z`šÍ ïiæ K‡ib| Z`‡šÍi GK ch©v‡q wZwb wnmve i¶‡Ki wbKU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© dvBj Zje Ki‡j wZwb Zv cÖavb wbe©vnx e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Kv‡iv wbKU dvBj n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| G‡¶‡Î cÖavb wbe©vnx‡K AeMZ Ki‡j wZwb †Kvb m`yËi †`bwb| GB welqwU wb‡q cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ †Nvjv‡U cwi‡e‡ki m„wó nq Ges cÖwZôv‡b wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wek„•Ljv m„wó nq| dj¯^iƒc cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Kv‡Û ¯’weiZv †`Lv †`q| GB RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wg. iZb wPwšÍZ n‡q co‡jb| (SESDP) K. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb Kx? 1 L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Z`šÍ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© msMV‡bi †Kvb bxwZ mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡j we‡iva m„wó n‡Zv bv- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K m„wó mgm¨v mgvav‡b †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv AbymiY hyw³hy³ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| †Zvgvi Dˇii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 13| AB cÖvt wjt Gi msMV‡bi cÖK…wZ mij‣iwLK| wKš‘ e¨emvq m¤cÖmvwiZ nIqvq wewfbœ wefvMxq cÖavb‡`b c‡¶ ¯^ ¯^ wefv‡Mi KvR myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| †Kv¤úvwbi wbe©vnxi cwiPvjK Drcv`b, weµqmn ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KZ¸‡jv wefv‡Mi `¶ e¨w³ mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡jb| G‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi KvR Avkvbyiƒc AMÖMwZ I `¶Zv AwR©Z nj| mij cÖwµqvi Drcv`b e¨e¯’vq wZwb Kvh©wfwËK msMV‡bi K_vI †f‡ewQ‡jb| K. msMVb Kx? 1 L. msMVb KvVv‡gv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wbe©vnx cwil‡`i `¶ mn‡hvMx wb‡qv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb †_‡K wcwQ‡q Avmvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

130

12Zg Aa¨vq

Kg©xms¯’vb Staffing

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg Ô†dqvi A¨vÛ jvfwj wjtÕ Gi GKRb e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi hveZxq Kvh©vewj myôz I myPviæfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K `ÿ Kg©xi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib| †Kbbv cÖwZôv‡bi hš¿cvwZ, KvuPvgvj, cyuwR I Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi h_vh_ e¨envi GKgvÎ `ÿ Kg©xevwnbxi ØvivB m¤¢e| ZvQvov cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb we‡ePbvq gvbe m¤ú` wb‡qvM`vb I GZØmsµvšÍ e¨e¯’vcKxq Kvh© `ÿ Kg©x Øviv m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| GQvovI wZwb g‡b K‡ib, cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hme Dcvq DcKiY e¨envi Kiv nq †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Rbkw³ ev kªwgK Kg©x GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb| K. Kg©xms¯’vb Kx? 1 L. Kg©x wbe©vPb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. `ÿ Kg©xms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv K‡ib? D‡jøL Ki| 3 N. ÒcÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨vewj mdjZvi mv‡_ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K `ÿ I †hvM¨ Kg©xms¯’vb AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ó- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wePvi Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ †h cÖwµqvq cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Kg©Pvix msMÖn I wbe©vPb K‡i wb‡qvM †`Iqv nq Zv‡K Kg©xms¯’vb e‡j| L. Kg©x wbe©vPb ej‡Z †hvM¨, `ÿ I AwfÁZvm¤úbœ Kg©x evwnbx‡K eySvq A_©vr †h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb Av‡e`bKvix‡`i ga¨ n‡Z wbw`©ó c‡`i Rb¨ me‡P‡q †hvM¨ e¨w³‡K evQvB K‡i| cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©b Z_¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µg `ÿZvi mv‡_ m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †hvM¨ I AwfÁ Kg©x evwnbx _vKv Avek¨K| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq A‡bK †jv‡Ki ga¨ n‡Z AwaK †hvM¨ I `ÿ †jvK evQvB I wbe©vPb| Kg©xms¯’vb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g G KvRwU wbLyuZfv‡e Kiv hvq| G‡Z gvbm¤§Z Kg©x wb‡qvM cvq hv cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b BwZevPK f~wgKv iv‡L| M. Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg Ô†dqvi A¨vÛ jvfwj wjtÕ Gi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| ZvB cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b I `ÿ Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ Zv‡K KZK¸‡jv welq we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z nq| G¸‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv nj1. cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Kg©x wba©viY; 2. `ÿ I †hvM¨ Kg©xi Drm evQvBKiY;

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Kg©xms¯’vb 3. cÖvße¨ Kg©x‡`i ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z ‘ KiY; 4. cÖYxZ ZvwjKv n‡Z Kg©x evQvBKiY cÖwµqv AbymiY; 5. Kg©x wbe©vP‡b h_vh_ c×wZ ev cÖwµqv AbymiY; 6. Kg©x wbe©vP‡bi ci Zv‡`i h_vh_ c‡` wb‡qvM `vb; 7. Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ †eZb/ gRywi, fvZv wba©vi‡Yi e¨e¯’v; 8. Kg©x‡`i djcÖ` cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v; 9. cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i c‡`vbœwZ, e`wj Ges †Kv‡bv ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡j Zvi ÿwZc~i‡Yi e¨e¯’v; 10. m‡e©vcwi, Kg©x‡`i m¤úvw`Z Kv‡h©i h_vh_ g~j¨vqb| Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb we‡ePbvq mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q Kx cwigvY Kg©x cÖ‡qvRb Zv wbiƒcY I wba©viY Ki‡eb| ZvQvov cÖwkÿY I c‡`vbœwZi gva¨‡g Kg©x‡`i DbœwZ weavb I Kg©x msµvšÍ Avbylw½K Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b Kivi Ici ¸iæZ¡ †`b| N. Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨vewj mdjZvi mv‡_ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K `ÿ I †hvM¨ Kg©xms¯’vb AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g‡b K‡ib| G j‡ÿ¨ wZwb wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| wb‡P G m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv njKg©x‡`i `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi Ici cÖwZôv‡bi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i| Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb we‡ePbvq wewfbœ Drm †_‡K †hvM¨ Kg©x wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g `ÿ Kg©xevwnbx MVb K‡ib| `ÿ Kg©xms¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb `ÿ Kg©xevwnbx MVb K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb wewfbœ e¨e¯’vcKxq Kvh©vewj; †hgb- cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv, mgš^qmvab I wbqš¿Y Kvh© m¤úv`‡b e¨vcKfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i| wZwb Kg©xms¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K Drm †_‡K `ÿ Rbkw³ msMÖn K‡ib I Gi Kvh©Ki e¨envi wbwðZ K‡ib| wZwb `ÿ Kg©xevwnbxi Øviv e¨e¯’vcKxq Kvh©vewj myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Ab¨vb¨ m¤ú`; †hgb- KvuPvgvj, hš¿cvwZ I Ab¨vb¨ Dcvq DcKi‡Yi ¯^v_©K e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g Drcvb`kxjZv e„w× Kivi †Póv K‡ib| Kg©x‡`i Kvh© we‡kølY, Rbkw³ cwiKíbv, Kg©x‡`i `ÿZvi Dbœqb, Dchy³ cvwikªwgK cÖ`vb, c‡`vbœwZi e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Kg©x‡`i DØy× K‡ib| myZivs Rbve mv‡q`yj Bmjvg Kg©xms¯’vb cÖwµqvi ch©vqµwgK c`‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡g Kg©x msµvšÍ hveZxq Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡Kb| ZvB ejv hvq, cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨vewj mdjZvi mv‡_ ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K `ÿ I †hvM¨ Kg©ms¯’vb AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j we‡ewPZ| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Bmjvgx e¨vsK cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ wnmv‡e Kg©x wb‡qvM †`q| wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x‡`i 1-2 eQi ch©šÍ Kv‡Ri `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ GK Rb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©vi Dci †Q‡o †`Iqv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Kg©xiv Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe Ávb AR©b K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡`i `ÿZvi wfwˇZ c` cwieZ©b Kiv nq| 132

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Kg©xms¯’vb K. Kg©x wb‡qvM Kx? 1 L. cÖwkÿY ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. Bmjvgx e¨vs‡Ki wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x‡`i †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwkÿY †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Bmjvgx e¨vsK Kg©x‡`i c` cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î `ÿZv †K g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| welqwU GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi †ÿ‡Î KZUzKz ¸iæZ¡ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki- we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. wbe©vwPZ Kg©x‡K h‡_vchy³ c‡` wb‡qvM`vb cÖwµqv‡K Kg©x wb‡qvM e‡j| L. †h cÖwµqvq Kg©xi †hvM¨Zv I `ÿZvi Dbœqb NUv‡bv nq, Zv‡K cÖwkÿY e‡j| Kg©xi †gav weKv‡k ev eZ©gvb Kv‡R AwaKZi `ÿZv AR©‡bi Dcvq wn‡m‡e cÖwkÿY Ab¨Zg| GwU Kg©x‡K nv‡ZKj‡g wewfbœ wel‡q ev¯Íem¤§Z wkÿv`vb K‡i Zv Qvov cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©x‡K Kvh©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ev¯Íem¤§Z wkÿv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| M. Bmjvgx e¨vsK wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x‡`i‡K cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿY †`q| wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x‡`i wbe©vnx GKRb we‡kl‡Ái Aax‡b †_‡K nv‡Z Kj‡g †h wkÿv †`Iqv nq Zv‡K cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ Bmjvgx e¨vsK Zv‡`i wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x‡`i‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ e¨envi cÖ‡qvRb| G c×wZ‡Z ZvwË¡K wkÿv‡K e¨envwiK Rxe‡b djcÖm~ KivB jÿ¨| mvaviYZ wkÿv Rxeb †k‡l Kg©xiv Giƒc cÖwkÿ‡Y AskMÖnY K‡i| N. Bmjvgx e¨vs‡K Kg©KZ©v‡`i c‡`vbœwZi †ÿ‡Î `ÿZv‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avm‡j G D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`v‡b bvbviƒc c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq| c‡`vbœwZi wZbwU avc i‡q‡Q| 1. †R¨ô‡Z¡i wfwˇZ c‡`vbœwZ; 2. †hvM¨Zv ev †gav wfwËK c‡`vbœwZ; 3. †R¨ôZ¡ I †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ c‡`vbœwZ| Bmjvgx e¨vs‡K Kg©x‡`i c‡`vbœwZi Rb¨ †hvM¨Zv ev †gav wfwËK c‡`vbœwZ‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GKwU cÖwZôv‡b Kg©x‡`i c‡`vbœwZi †ÿ‡Î †R¨ôZ¡ I †hvM¨ZvwfwËK c‡`vbœwZ me‡P‡q fvj ev DËg| KviY G c×wZ‡Z †R¨ôZ¡ Ges †hvM¨Zv Dfq‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i Zvi djvd‡ji wfwˇZ Kg©x‡K wbe©vPb Kiv nq| G‡Z cyivZb Kg©x‡`i †hgb a‡i ivLv hvq Acic‡ÿ †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ Kg©xivI mš‘ó _v‡K| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: †mvgv cÖvB‡fU wjt †Kv¤úvwb weMZ K‡qK eQi a‡i e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| `ÿ Kg©xi Afv‡e cÖwZôvbwU bZzb m„ó c‡` weÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g 50 Rb Kg©x‡K wbe©vPb K‡i| Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i Pvi gv‡mi cÖwkÿY 133

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Kg©xms¯’vb

m¤úbœ Kivi ci ¯’vqxfv‡e wb‡qvM †`qv nq| G‡Z Zv‡`i `ÿZv e„w× cvIqvq cÖwZôvbwU µgvš^‡q mdjZvi c‡_ GwM‡q P‡j‡Q| K. Kg©x wbe©vPb Kx? 1 L. Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Drm ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. D‡jøwLZ DÏxc‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kvb c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÒcÖwkÿYB D³ cÖwZôv‡bi mvd‡j¨i g~j KviYÓ- G e³‡e¨i mv‡_ Zzwg wK GKgZ? hyw³ †`LvI| 4 DËi: K. msM„nxZ Kg©x‡`i ga¨ n‡Z m‡e©vËg Kg©x evQvB cÖwµqv‡K Kg©x wbe©vPb e‡j| L. †h mKj ¯’vb †_‡K Kg©x msMÖn Kiv nq Zv‡K Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Drm e‡j| cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii wbe©vnx I Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ Giƒc e¨e¯’vcbv wewfbœ Drm n‡Z kªwgK Kg©x msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K Drm i‡q‡Q| M. DÏxc‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi Af¨šÍixY c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Kg©xi †gavi weKvk N‡U| Kv‡Ri Af¨šÍ‡i †h c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿY †`qv nq Zv n‡jv Af¨šÍixY cÖwkÿY| Af¨šÍixY cÖwkÿ‡Yi d‡j kªwgK-Kg©xiv cÖwkÿ‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cv‡i| wkÿvbwek, c×wZ, c` cwieZ©b, †KvwPs civgk© `vb I cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ Af¨šÍixY cÖwkÿ‡Yi Drm wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| DwjøwLZ DÏxc‡K †mvgv cÖvB‡fU wjt †Kv¤úvwb wb‡qvMK…Z Kg©x‡K cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i Pvi gv‡mi cÖwkÿY m¤úbœ Kivi ci ¯’vqxfv‡e wb‡qvM †`qv nq| A_©vr GwU cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍixY c×wZ wnmv‡e Aek¨B e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| N. cÖwkÿYB D³ cÖwZôv‡bi mvd‡j¨i g~j KviY G e³e¨ Aek¨B mwVK| cÖwkÿY n‡jv Kvh© †ÿ‡Î AwaK `ÿZv ev djcÖ`Zv AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë bZzb wb‡qvMK…Z ev Kg©iZ Kg©xi mswkøó wel‡q Ávb I `ÿZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ ZË¡MZ Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk nv‡Z-Kj‡g wkÿv cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡Póv| cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i `ÿZv e„w×, c‡ivÿ e¨q n«vm, kªg N~Y©vqgvbZv I kªg Amš‘óZv n«vm Kiv m¤¢e nq| DwjøwLZ DÏxc‡K Kg©x‡`i cÖwkÿY †`qvi d‡j Zv‡`i `ÿZv e„w× cvq Ges cÖwZôvbwU µgvš^‡q mdjZvi c‡_ GwM‡q P‡j‡Q| cwi‡k‡l DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq †h, ÒcÖwkÿYB D³ cÖwZôv‡bi mvd‡j¨i g~j KviY|Ó 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. mvw`K MvRxcy‡i GKUv eo Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbvi wR, Gg| Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b wefv‡M 10 Rb mycvifvBRv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_‡g wZwb cwÎKvq weÁvcb †`‡eb fve‡jI c‡i LiP we‡ePbvq wKQz †cv÷vi K‡i Mv‡g©›Um KviLvb¸‡jvi iv¯Ívi †gv‡o jvwM‡q‡Qb| G‡Z h‡_ó mvov †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb fve‡jb, Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ wKQz `ÿ I cyiv‡bv kªwgK i‡q‡Q| hv‡`i †_‡K wKQz e¨w³‡K mycvifvBRvi c‡` wb‡qvM w`‡j Lvivc nq 134

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Kg©xms¯’vb bv| wZwb bZzb AvMZ‡`i ga¨ †_‡K 5 Rb Ges cyivZb‡`i ga¨ †_‡K †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ 5 Rb‡K mycvifvBRvi K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_‡g kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ wKQz gZ‡f` n‡jI c‡i mevB Lykx| K. cÖwkÿY Kx? 1 L. Kg©xms¯’vb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †cv÷vi jvMv‡bv Kg©xms¯’vb cÖwµqvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri AšÍf©y³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wfZ‡ii 5 Rb kªwgK‡K mycvifvBRvi wb‡qvM †`qvi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Rbkw³i `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ ZË¡MZ I e¨envwiK wkÿv`v‡bi cÖ‡Póv‡KB cÖwkÿY e‡j| L. Kg©x msMÖn, wbe©vPb, wb‡qvM Ges cÖwkÿY I Dbœq‡bi cÖwµqv‡KB Kg©xms¯’vb e‡j| cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ `ÿ I Kvh©Ki Rbej MVbB G Kv‡Ri jÿ¨| cÖwZôv‡bi e¯ÍyMZ DcKiYvw`i Kvh©Ki e¨envi h_vh_ Kg©xms¯’v‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i| M. wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †cv÷vi jvMv‡bv Kg©xms¯’vb cÖwµqvi Kg©x msMÖn Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ| Kg©x msMÖn ej‡Z m¤¢vebv PvKwi cÖv_©x‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi wbe©vPb cÖwµqvq wb‡q Avmvi KvR‡K eySvq| GRb¨ cÖ_‡gB Drm wba©viY Ki‡Z nq Ges evwn¨K Drm †_‡K Kg©x wb‡qvM Ki‡Z PvB‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq weÁwß w`‡Z nq| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, wgt mvw`K Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b wefv‡M 10 Rb mycvifvBRvi wb‡qvM w`‡eb| GRb¨ wZwb cÖ_‡g wVK K‡ib †h, evB‡ii DÕm †_‡K Kg©x msMÖn Ki‡eb| ZvB m¤¢ve¨ PvKwi cÖv_x©‡`i Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ wZwb cÖ_‡g wPšÍv Ki‡jb cwÎKvq weÁvcb †`‡eb| c‡i Li‡Pi welq †f‡e wZwb wcwQ‡q Av‡mb Ges wKQz †cv÷v‡i weÁwß wj‡L iv¯Ívi †gv‡o †gv‡o jvMv‡bvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| †h‡nZz Mv‡g©›Um wkí GjvKvq G ai‡bi Kgx©iv Kg©iZ _v‡K ZvB Zviv weÁwß †R‡b wbe©vPb cÖwµqvq Ask †b‡e GUvB g‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr wgÓ mvw`‡Ki †cv÷v‡i weÁwß wj‡L jvMv‡bv wbtm‡›`‡n Kg©x msMÖn cÖwµqvi KvR| N. cÖwZôv‡bi wfZ‡i 5 Rb kÖwgK‡K mycvifvBRvi wnmv‡e wb‡qvM †`qvUv Avwg h_vh_ g‡b KiwQ| Kg©x wb‡qv‡Mi Drm cÖavbZ 2wU| h_vt Af¨šÍixY Drm I evwn¨K Drm| Af¨šÍixY Drm Qvov cÖwZôvb Ab¨ †Kvb Drm n‡Z Kg©x msMÖn Ki‡j Zv‡K Kg©x msMÖ‡ni evwn¨K Drm e‡j| evwn¨K Drm n‡Z GKwU cÖwZôvb `ÿ, Avav`ÿ, A`ÿ bvbvb ai‡bi Kg©x msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡Ki Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbvq Drcv`b wefv‡M 10 Rb mycvifvBRvi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq wZwb †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍi †_‡K 5 Rb‡K mycvifvBRvi c‡` wb‡qvM †`qv nq| evKx 5 Rb evwn¨K Drm n‡Z wb‡qvM †`qv nq| G‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡I hviv KvR K‡i‡Q Zviv †hgb `ÿZv evov‡bvi wel‡q Drmvnx n‡e †Zgwb `ÿZv bv evov‡j cÖwZôvb cÖavb Zv‡`i c‡`vbœwZi e¨e¯’v bv K‡i evwn¨K Drm n‡ZI cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Kg©x wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib e‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKUv fq KvR Ki‡e| ZvB Avwg Af¨šÍixY Dr‡mi cvkvcvwk evwn¨K Drm n‡Z Kg©x wb‡qvM cÖwµqv‡K cy‡ivcywi mg_©b KiwQ| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Bd Young BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡k RMG cY¨ ißvwb K‡i| cÖvq wZb nvRvi †mjvBKg©x Kg©iZ| cÖwZôv‡bi AvqZb evovq Zv‡`i AviI 200 Rb †mjvBKg©x cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB Ae¯’vq Kg©iZ †mjvBKg©x wgm Av‡jqvi †QvU †evb wgm gÄy A`ÿ Kg©x wn‡m‡e PvKwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i| cÖ_‡g †mjvB †gwk‡b e‡m KvR Kivi mgq AZ¨vaywbK †gwkbwU Pvjv‡Z bv cvivq Zv‡K 15 w`b ci †evZvg jvMv‡bvi †mKk‡b e`j Kiv nq| †mLv‡bI 135

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Kg©xms¯’vb

m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z bv cvivq Zv‡K †gvoKxKiY †mKk‡b wb‡q Avmv nq| wgm gÄy KvR bv cvivq AvZ¥wek¦vm nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges cÖwZôvbI wgm gÄy‡K ïay `ÿKg©x wn‡m‡eB PvKwi‡Z envj ivL‡Z Pvq| K. Kg©x ms¯’vb Kv‡K e‡j?

1 L. c‡`vbœwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wgm gÄy‡K Af¨šÍixY †Kvb Drm ‡_‡K msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q? eY©bv K‡iv| 3 N. DÏxc‡K m„ó cwiw¯’wZ wgm gÄy‡K PvKwi‡Z envj ivL‡Z Bd Young Kx c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cv‡i? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. Kg©x ms¯’vb: Kg©x ms¯’vb n‡jv Kg©x msMÖn, wbe©vPb, cÖwkÿY Ges cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i DbœZ Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv| L. c‡`vbœwZ: eZ©gvb c` †_‡K DbœZi c‡` Kg©x‡K Avmxb Kiv‡K c‡`vbœwZ ejv nq| c‡`vbœwZi gva¨‡g Kg©xi Avw_©K I Abvw_©K Dbœqb nq| wZbwU wfwˇZ c‡`vbœwZ †`Lv nq| h_v: (1) †R¨ô‡Z¡i wfwˇZ (2) †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ (3) †R¨ôZ¡ I †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ| M. wgm gÄy‡K Af¨šÍixY Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Ab¨Zg Drm wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i mycvwik GB c×wZ‡Z msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kg©x msMÖn n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv, †mLv‡b m¤¢vebvgq Kg©x‡`i Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZôv‡b PvKwii Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ Kiv nq| Kg©x msMÖ‡ni `ywU Dr‡mi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv Af¨šÍixY Drm| wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i mycvwi‡ki gva¨‡g Kg©x msMÖn Af¨šÍixY Drm Kg©iZ‡`i AvZ¥xq¯^Rb ev mycvwikK…Z e¨w³‡`i wb‡qvMc×wZi m‡½ wgj Av‡Q| myZivs wgm gÄy‡K wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i mycvwi‡k wb‡qvM †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| N. DÏxc‡K m„ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wgm gÄy‡K PvKwi‡Z envj ivL‡Z Bd Young cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cv‡i e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| Kg©x ms¯’v‡bi Ab¨Zg Ask n‡jv cÖwkÿY| Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î AwaK `ÿZv ev djcÖ`Zv AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë bZzb wb‡qvMK…Z ev Kg©iZ Kg©xi Kg©mswkøó wel‡q Ávb I `ÿZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ ZË¡MZ Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk nv‡Z-Kj‡g wkÿv cÖ`v‡bi †h cÖ‡Póv ev cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv nq, Zv‡K cÖwkÿY e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, wgm gÄy †ev‡bi mycvwi‡k A`ÿ Kg©x wn‡m‡e PvKwi cvq| wKš‘ KvR m¤ú‡K© wKQz bv Rvwb‡q I bv wkwL‡q Zv‡K AvaywbK †gwk‡b KvR Kivi Rb¨ ejv nq, hv Am¤¢e| d‡j KvR bv cvivq †m kÖg N~Y©vqgvbZvi m¤§yLxb nq| G‡Z mevi m‡½ †mI wb‡Ri Ici Amš‘ó nq| d‡j wewfbœ wefv‡M cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Zvi AvZ¥wek¦vm bó nq| G cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ Bd Young wgm gÄy‡K cÖwkÿY w`‡Z cv‡i G‡Z KvR Ki‡Z †c‡i wgm gÄy AvZ¥wek¦vm wd‡i cv‡e I Bd Young GKRb `ÿ Kg©x cv‡e, G‡Z Zv‡`i Kg©KvÐ AviI cÖmvwiZ n‡e| A`ÿ Kg©x‡K envj †i‡L cÖwZôv‡bi KvR Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡K cÖwkÿYB w`‡Z n‡e| GUvB Avgvi gZvgZ|

136

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Kg©xms¯’vb

Øv`k Aa¨vq: Kg©xms¯’vb Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| 1. Kg©x msMÖn

2. Kg©x wb‡qvM

3. Kg©x wbe©vPb

Kg©x cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

K. AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? L. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. Dc‡ii †iLvwPÎwU e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. †iLvwP‡Î Kv‡Ri avivevwnKµ‡g †Kv‡bv Am½wZ _vK‡j Zvi ï×Zvi Acwinvh©Zv we‡kølY Ki|

1 2 3 4

2| wg. miKvi eo cÖwZôv‡bi gvbe m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcK| 2011 mv‡ji Rb¨ Rbkw³ wb‡qvM I Dbœq‡bi GKUv cwiKíbv wZwb msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| weµq wefv‡Mi gvV ch©v‡q wKQz †jvK wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wZwb cwÎKvq weÁwß w`‡q‡Qb| A‡bK Av‡e`b covq wZwb wPšÍv Ki‡jb GKUv ¯^ímg‡qi wjwLZ cixÿv †b‡eb| G‡Z hviv fv‡jv Ki‡e Zv‡`i mvÿvrKvi wb‡q Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K †hvM¨ †jvK evQvB Ki‡eb| cixÿv †bqv I KvZv g~j¨vq‡b Kó n‡jI †hvM¨ †jvK cvIqvq wZwb mš‘ó| K. cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ Kx? 1 L. cÖwkÿY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. miKvi †jvK wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g hv K‡i‡Qb Zv Kg©xms¯’vb cÖwµqvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ c‡o e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kg©x wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î wg. miKv‡ii M„nxZ e¨e¯’v mwVK-Zzwg Kx G e³e¨ mg_©b K‡iv? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 3| wg. Bmjvg ÷vi e¨vs‡Ki Gg.wW| wZwb Pvb Zvi e¨vs‡Ki mKj Awdmvi‡K me KvR Rvb‡Z n‡e| GKB †Pqv‡i GKRb `xN©Kvj KvR Ki‡e- GUv Zvi g‡bvcyZ bq| wg. Kvqmvi e¨vs‡Ki wmwbqi Awdmvi| wZb eQ‡i Zv‡K FY`vb wefvM I •e‡`wkK wewbg‡qi gZ `yÕwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wefv‡M KvR Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| wg. Bmjvg Zvi cÖwZôv‡b c‡`vbœwZi GKUv ZvwjKv cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z †ekwKQz RywbqiI wmwbqi‡`i mv‡_ GKB ZvwjKvq i‡q‡Qb| wKQz mgm¨v n‡e †R‡bI wZwb G wel‡q `„p cÖwZÁ| K.Awa‡ekb Kx? 1 L. ‡R¨ôZv wfwËK c‡`vbœwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. Kvqmvi wZb eQ‡ii g‡a¨ `yÕwU wefv‡M KvR K‡i‡Qb- GUv Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwkÿY c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. c‡`vbœwZi †ÿ‡Î wg. Bmjv‡gi M„nxZ c×wZ h_v_©- Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 5| Mixe GÛ †Kv¤úvwb `ªæZ m¤cÖmviYkxj GKUv e¨emvq cÖwZôvb| mviv †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j †Rvbvj weµq Kg©KZ©viv cÖwZôv‡bi weµq e„wׇZ Zrci| cÖwZôv‡bi gyL¨ Kg©KZ©v G wel‡q LyeB mZK©| wg. iwdK I wg. †mvenvb `yÕRbB †Kv¤úvwbi `yÕwU †Rv‡bi weµq e¨e¯’vcK| wg. iwdK 1.1.2005 Zvwi‡L Ges wg. †mvenvb 1.8.

2005 Zvwi‡L cÖwZôv‡b †hvM`vb Ki‡jI weµq Uv‡M©U c~i‡Y mÿgZvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôvb wefvMxq weµq e¨e¯’vcK c‡` wg. †mvenvb‡K wbe©vPb K‡i| G wb‡q wKQzUv cÖkœ DV‡j gyL¨ Kg©KZ©v †Rvbvj weµq e¨e¯’vcK‡`i mfvq ej‡jb, hviv Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi cwiPq †`‡e ZvivB cyi¯‹vi cvIqvi †hvM¨| 137

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Kg©xms¯’vb K.weÁwß cÖ`vb Kg©xmsMÖ‡ni †Kvb ai‡bi Drm ?

1 L. Kg©x msMÖn ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. †mvenv‡bi wefvMxq weµq e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kg©xms¯’v‡bi Af¨šÍixY Dr†mi †KvbwUi g‡a¨ co‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. gyL¨ wbe©vnx e‡j‡Qb, hviv Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi cwiPq †`‡e ZvivB cyi®‹vi cvIqvi †hvM¨- Zvi GB gZ Kx mg_©b‡hvM¨? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| Gb.wR.I cÖwZôvb eª¨vK Zv‡`i 50 Rb gvV Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM †`‡e| weÁwß †`qvi ci wjwLZ cixÿv wb‡q 100 Rb‡K evQvB Kiv n‡jv| hviv DËxY© n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i wZbw`‡bi GKUv K¨v‡¤ú †i‡L wewfbœ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv I cixÿv †bqv nq| Gi Av‡jv‡K 50 Rb‡K wb‡qvMcÎ Bmy¨ Kiv nq| AZtci Kv‡R †hvM`v‡bi c~‡e© GKw`‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| G‡Z DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vMY cÖwZôv‡bi BwZnvm, HwZn¨, KiYxq BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Ici e³…Zv K‡ib| G‡Z bZzb Kg©xiv DrmvwnZ n‡q‡Q| K. weÁwß cÖ`vb Kg©x msMÖ‡ni †Kvb ai‡bi Drm? 1 L. Kg©x msMÖn ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K weÁwß †`qvi ci †h mKj KvR Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv Kg©©ms¯’vb cÖwµqvi †Kvb ch©v‡qi AšÍf©y³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki wZbw`‡bi †cÖvMÖv‡gi PvB‡Z cieZ©x‡Z GKw`‡bi †cÖvMÖvg cÖwkÿ‡Yi mv‡_ AwaK m½wZc~Y©Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 7| cÖwZôvi 7 eQ‡iB iƒcvšÍi eywUKm ivRavbxi †miv d¨vkb nvD‡Ri L¨vwZ †c‡q‡Q| wbqwgZ D”P c‡` hvIqvi my‡hvM _vKvq GLv‡b Kg©xiv mš‘ó _v‡K Ges AwaK KvR K‡i| wKš‘ NbNb d¨vkb I cÖhyw³i cwieZ©b Ges ev¯Íe wkÿvi Afv‡e m¤cÖwZ Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi †P‡q GB cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xiv wcwQ‡q covq Kv‡R AvMÖn I Drcv`b µ‡gB n«vm cv‡”Q| K. c‡`vbœwZ Kx? 1 L.Kg©x msMÖn I Kg©x wbev©Pb Kx Awfbœ ?

2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡bi mvd‡j¨ †cÖlYvi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AvMÖn I Drcv`b e„wׇZ iƒcvšÍi eywUKm Gi KiYxq m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 8| †`‡ki Ab¨Zg †gvevBj †dvb Acv‡iUi †Kv¤úvwb Ôiweb †dvbÕ MZ 8 eQi hveZ RbmvaviY‡K †dvb †mev w`‡q Avm‡Q| G cÖwZôv‡b KvR Abyhvqx Avjv`v Avjv`v wefvM _vKvq MÖvnKMY †hgb DbœZ †mev cvq, †Zgwb cÖvwZôvwbK Kv‡Ri k„•Ljv eRvq ivLvI mnR nq| GQov GLv‡b wbqwgZ c‡`vbœwZi my‡hvM _vKvq Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwZôvb Zv‡Mi nviI Kg| m¤cÖwZ Ôiweb †dvbÕ KZ©„©cÿ Zv‡`i Customer care Dept Gi g¨v‡bRvi c‡` Ôevsjv‡`k †UjÕ Gi AZ¨šÍ `ÿ GKRb Kg©KZ©v Rbve BKivg‡K wb‡qvM w`‡j mswkøó wefv‡Mi Kg©iZ wZbRb GwmmU¨v›U g¨v‡bRviB wKQzUv Amš‘ó nb| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v‡`i g‡a¨I GwU wgkª cÖwZwµqv m„wó †Ki| Z‡e G wb‡q cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡R ZvrÿwYK †Kv‡bv weNœ m„wó nqwb| K. cÖwk¶Y †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwµqv ?

1 L. c‡`vbœwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K Ôiweb †dvbÕ KZ©„cÿ GwmmU¨v›U g¨v‡bRvi‡`i ga¨ †_‡K KvD‡K g¨v‡bRvi c‡` wb‡qvM w`‡j Zv Kg©xmsMÖ‡ni †Kvb Drm e‡j MY¨ n‡e| e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 138

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Kg©xms¯’vb N. Rbve BKivg‡K g¨v‡bRvi c‡` wb‡qvM †`qvq Ôiweb †dvbÕ Gi e¨emvwqK Kvh©µ‡g Kx ai‡bi cÖfve co‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³ `vI| 4 9| •PZvwj e¨vs‡K Rywbqi Awdmvi c‡` 50wU k~b¨ c` c~i‡Yi Rb¨ ÔKg©x Avek¨KÕ- G g‡g© •`wbK cwÎKvq weÁvcb †`qv n‡j 600 Rb cÖv_©x Av‡e`b K‡i| e¨vs‡Ki wb‡qvM KwgwU D³ Av‡e`bcÎ †_‡K 450 Rb‡K wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L wjwLZ cixÿvq Ask wb‡Z Avnevb Rvbvq| wbw`©ó Zvwi‡L 400 Rb cÖv_©x AskMÖnY K‡i Ges mwVK we‡ePbvq 150 Rb‡K †gŠwLK cixÿvi Rb¨ wPwV †`qv nq| mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËi c‡e© AskMÖn‡Yi †cÖwÿ‡Z D³ KwgwU KZ©„K P~ovšÍfv‡e 50 Rb‡K wbw`©ó w`‡b e¨vs‡K †hvM w`‡Z ejv nq Ges Aewkó cÖv_©x‡`i ga¨ †_‡K †gavbymv‡i 10 R‡bi GKwU ZvwjKv fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ msiÿY K‡i| bZzb †hvM`vbK…Z Kg©x‡`i‡K Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡e‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_B e¨vs‡Ki wbqgvbymv‡i GK mßv‡ni GKwU cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡g Ask wb‡Z ejv nq| K. Kg©x wbev©P‡bi cÖ_g c`‡¶c Kx? 1 L. Kg©x msMÖ‡ni †Kvb DrmwU DËg?

2 M. k~b¨ c` c~i‡Yi Rb¨ •PZvwj e¨vsK KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡ÿ‡ci mv‡_ Kg©xms¯’v‡bi †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. •PZvwj e¨vs‡K bZzb Kg©x‡`i PvKzwi‡Z †hvM`v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_B cÖwkÿY Kvh©µ‡gi Av‡qvRb KZUv †hŠw³K n‡q‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 10| Rbve Avãyj nK Gi XvKvi kvnvRv`cy‡i ÔnKÕm A‡Uv mwjDkbÕ bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q| `xN© 25 eQi a‡i wZwb G cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g Mvwo †givgZ, is Kiv Ges mvwf©wms Gi KvR K‡i †ek mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b Zvi cÖwZôv‡b bZzb cyivZb wg‡j 100 Rb †jvK KvR K‡i| Rbve nK bZzb KvD‡K wb‡qvM w`‡jB cÖ_g wKQzw`b wZwb wb‡R wKfv‡e KvR K‡ib Zv‡K Zv †`L‡Z e‡jb| Gici ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡K †QvU †QvU KvR Ki‡Z †`b Ges †Kv‡bv fyj Ki‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ †kvaiv‡bvi Dcvq †`wL‡q †`b| Gfv‡e Aí wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B KvR bv Rvbv †jvKwU n‡q I‡V cvKv †UKwbwkqvb| AvR Rbve n‡Ki M‡e© eyK f‡i I‡V hLb wZwb †`‡Lb †h, Zvi Kv‡Q KvR wk‡L A‡b‡K †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j ¯^vaxbfv‡e †m KvR K‡i cwievi cwiRb wb‡q my‡LB Rxebhvcb Ki‡Q| K. Kg©xms¯’v‡bi cÖavb KvR Kx? 1 L. Kg©x msMÖn I Kg©x wbe©vPb wK Awfbœ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. Rbve nK Gi KvR †kLv‡bvi Dcv‡qi mv‡_ cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kvb c×wZi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`‡k `ÿ Rbkw³ M‡o †Zvjvi †cQ‡b DÏxc‡Ki Rbve Avãyj nK Gi f~wgKv KZUv †hŠw³K? gZvgZ `vI| 4 11| ‘Shoes Forever’ gvbm¤§Z AvaywbK I iæwPkxj RyZv Drcv`b I wewµ K‡i †ek mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Q& 250wU kvLvi gva¨‡g †`ke¨vwc G cÖwZôvbwUi Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| cÖwZeQi G cÖwZôv‡bi mKj kvLv e¨e¯’vcK‡K wb‡q †Kv¤úvwbi bxwZ, eZ©gvb Ae¯’v, fwel¨r cwiKíbv BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q cÖavb Kvh©vj‡q 2w`b e¨vcx GK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| †hLv‡b kvLv e¨e¯’vcKMY cÖ‡Z¨‡K Kvh© cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ my‡hvM-myweav I mgm¨v Zz‡j a‡ib Ges Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g m¤¢ve¨ mgvav‡bi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡ib| m¤cÖwZ Av‡qvwRZ G ai‡bi GK Abyôv‡b †Kv¤úvwbi cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v AvMvgx A_© eQ‡i AviI 10wU bZzb kvLv †Lvjvi †NvlYv †`b| K. Kgx© msMÖn Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbvi Kg©ms¯’vb †Kb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c ¡ ~Y©?

2 139

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ Kg©xms¯’vb M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU kvLv e¨e¯’vcK‡`i wb‡q Av‡qvwRZ Abyôv‡bi mv‡_ cÖwkÿ‡Yi †Kvb c×wZi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ‘Shoes Forever’ Gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc e¨e¯’vcK‡`i `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ wK h‡_ó e‡j g‡b nq? gZvgZ `vI| 4 12| wgZv Mv‡g©›Um-G AwMœKvÛ msMwVZ n‡j KZ©e¨iZ mycvifvBRvi KviLvbvi e¨e¯’vcK‡K Ges KviLvbv e¨e¯’vcK gnve¨e¯’vcK‡K AewnZ K‡ib| gnve¨e¯’vcK NUbv¯’j cwi`k©b K‡ib Ges Aci 2 Rb Kg©KZ©v‡K AwMœKv‡Ûi KviY I ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©q K‡i 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡e`b †`qvi wjwLZ wb‡`©k †`b| (SESDP) K. mwVK ZË¡veavb cwimi Kx? 1 L. msMVb cÖwµqvi c`‡ÿcmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K m„ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gnve¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K M„nxZ wm×všÍwU Kx mwVK? Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 13| †Møvevj G›UvicÖvBR Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b wefv‡M GKRb mnKvix e¨e¯’vcK I wKQz msL¨K `ÿ kªwgK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvq| KZ©„cÿ cÖ_g c‡` Ggb GKRb‡K wb‡qvM w`‡Z Pvq whwb GB cÖwZôvb m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ I AwfÁ| wKšÍy kªwgK wb‡qv‡M †hvM¨Zv‡KB cÖavb¨ w`‡Z Pvq| (K)D”P ch©v‡q e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Dbœq‡b †Kvb cÖwk¶Y c×wZ †ekx Kvh©Ki ?

1 (L) wkÿvYexk cÖwkÿY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b kªwgK wb‡qv‡M KZ©„c‡ÿi KiYxq Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mnKvix e¨e¯’vcK c‡` †Kvb Drm n‡Z †jvK wb‡qvM †`qv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv| e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4

140

13Zg Aa¨vq

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡ Direction & Leadership

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: gwZb mv‡ne GKwU mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| wZwb Kg©x‡`i mš‘wó‡K AZ¨šÍ cÖvavb¨ †`b| wZwb †`L‡jb Zv‡`i‡K hw` wb‡Ri B”Qvq KvR Kivi my‡hvM †`qv nq Z‡e Zviv mš‘ó n‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ MZ cvuP eQ‡i Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi weµq `k nvRvi GKK †_‡K K‡g Pvi nvRvi GK‡K G‡m `vuwo‡q‡Q| wZwb cÖwZôvbwU‡K c~‡e©i Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡Z Pvb| K. †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 L. wb‡`©kbv‡K cÖkvm‡bi nrwcÐ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. gwZb mv‡n‡ei mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb‡Z weµq K‡g †Mj †Kb? 3 N. gwZb mv‡ne Zvi cÖwZôvbwU c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡Z wK Ki‡Z cv‡ib e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 DËi: K. †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kvh©m¤úv`‡b Kg©x‡`i DrmvwnZ Kivi †KŠkj‡K eySv‡bv nq| L. cÖwZôv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv Kv‡h©i cÖvYkw³B n‡jv wb‡`©kbv| wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©x‡`i wb‡`©k cÖ`vb‡K eySvq| wb‡`©kbv‡K Bwćbi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU cÖkvm‡bi g~j DcRxe¨| Gi mvnv‡h¨ Av‡`k ev¯ÍevwqZ nq I MwZkxj †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖkvm‡bi g~L¨ welq¸‡jv wb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ| ZvB ejv hvq cÖkvm‡bi nrwcÐ n‡jv wb‡`©kbv| M. gwZb mv‡n‡ei mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb‡Z weµq K‡g hvIqvi †cQ‡b †h welqwU KvR KiwQj Zv n‡jv jvMvgnxb †bZ…Z¡| gy³ ev jvMvgnxb †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖK…wZ n‡jv G‡Z Aa¯Íbiv Aeva ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î †µZv Kg©wegyL nq Ges Aa¯Íb‡`i KvQ †_‡K wb‡R‡K `~‡i iv‡L| Giƒc †bZ…‡Z¡i †ÿ‡Î †bZv ïaygvÎ jÿ¨ wba©viY K‡i †`q wKš‘ jÿ¨ ev¯Íevq‡b Zvi †Kvb f~wgKv _v‡K bv| AašÍbivB Kvh©vKvh© wba©viY K‡i Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi †Póv Pvjvq| Giƒc †bZ…‡Z¡i Kvh©Z †Kvb myweav †bB| cÖwZôv‡b AwaKvsk mgqB wek„•Ljv weivR K‡i Ges Abymvixiv †¯^”QvPvix n‡q I‡V| DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, gwZb mv‡ne Kg©x‡`i AwaK cÖvavb¨ †`q Ges wb‡Ri B”Qvq KvR Kivi my‡hvM †`b| d‡j cÖwZôv‡b GKwU wek„•Lj cwi‡e‡ki m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Drcv`b K‡g †M‡Q|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡ N. gwZb mv‡ne Zvi cÖwZôvbwU c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡Z cÖwZôv‡b MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ e¨e¯’v Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| †h †bZ…Z¡ e¨e¯’vq †bZv MYZvwš¿K gvbwmKZvm¤úbœ nq Ges wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Aa¯Íb‡`i gZvgZ I civgk© MnY K‡i Zv‡K MYZvwš¿K ev AskMÖnYg~jK †bZ…Z¡ e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î †bZv mKj ÿgZv wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †K›`ªxf~Z bv †i‡L cÖ‡qvRbxq KZ©„Z¡ Aa¯Íb‡`i Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i| Abymvix‡`i B”Qv-Awb”Qv, Avkv-AvKv•Lv‡K G‡ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| DÏxc‡K Ae¯’vi eY©bvq †h, gwZb mv‡ne Zvi cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôvbwU‡Z jvMvgnxb †bZ…Z¡ e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Kivq Kg©xiv ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri B”Qvq KvR K‡i †M‡Q| d‡j Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ GKUv wek„•Lj Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv Kg©wegyL n‡q †M‡Q| hvi d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`bkxjZv A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q| GgZve¯’vq gwZb mv‡ne hw` cÖwZôvbwU‡Z MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ Pvjy K‡ib Zvn‡j Kg©xiv Zv‡`i gZvgZ, B”QvAwb”Qv cÖKvk Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K Kg©x‡`i civgk© wb‡q Dchy³ wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡j Kg©xivI mš‘ó _vK‡e Ges cÖwZôv‡b GKUv myk„•Lj Ae¯’v wd‡i Avm‡e| †mB mv‡_ Drcv`bI e„w× cv‡e Ges cÖwZôvb c~e©ve¯’vq wd‡i Avm‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve gvmyg I Rbve wiRfx `ywU wfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| Rbve gvmyg g‡b K‡ib, Kg©xiv Ajm Ges Zviv KvR‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z Pvq| kvw¯Í w`‡qB Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K KvR Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| eQi †k‡l †Kv¤úvwb †jvKmv‡bi gy‡LvgywL nq| Ab¨w`‡K Rbve wiRfx wewfbœ wel‡q Aat¯Íb Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i KvR Av`vq K‡ib Ges eQi †k‡l Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| K. †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 L. civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve gvmyg †Kvb ai‡bi wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡ib- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve wiRfxi mdjZvi KviY DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K eY©bv Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Z`viwK, c_wb‡`©k I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wewfbœ e¨w³i Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi ÿgZvB nj †bZ…Z¡| L. e¨e¯’vcbvq MYZ‡š¿i m‡e©vËg Dcvq n‡jv civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv n‡”Q Ggb GKwU aviYv hv Aat¯Íb‡`i †Kb G wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡”Q Zvi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î wb‡`©kbv Rvwii c~‡e© hviv wb‡`©kbv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e Zv‡`i mv‡_ wb‡`©kbvi Kvh©vewj I Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi fv‡jv Dcv`vb¸‡jv wb‡q civgk© Kiv nq| M. Rbve gvmyg •¯^ivPvix wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡ib| 142

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡

†h wb‡`©kbvi †ÿ‡Î DaŸ©Zb wbR¯^ KZ©„©Z¡ I ÿgZvi e‡j Aat¯Íb‡`i Ici Pvc m„wó ev fq-fxwZ cÖ`k©b K‡i Zv‡K •¯^ivPvix wb‡`©kbv e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Rbve gvmyg g‡b K‡ib †h, Kg©xiv Ajm Ges KvR‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z Pvq| Zv‡`i‡K kvw¯Í w`‡qB KvR Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| •¯^ivPvix wb‡`©kbv‡Z DaŸ©Zb wb‡`©k cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Aat¯Íb‡`i gZvgZ ev wPšÍvfvebv‡K †Kv‡bv we‡ePbvq Av‡bb bv eis Aa¯Íb‡`i KvQ †_‡K kZ©nxb AvbyMZ¨ cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib| Aa¯Íbiv DaŸ©Zb‡K fq cvq Ges B”Qvq ev Awb”Qvq †nvK KvR m¤úv`‡b m‡Pó nq| N. Rbve wiRfxi cÖwZôvbwUi mdjZvi KviY nj civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| †h wb‡`©kbv cÖwµqvq wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© ev wb‡`©k `v‡bi c~‡e© mswkøó Aa¯Íb hviv G wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e ev wb‡`©k Øviv PvwjZ n‡e Zv‡`i mv‡_ D³ wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© ev Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zv‡K civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv e‡j| Rbve wiRfx Aa¯Íb‡`i mv‡_ wewfbœ wel‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i KvR Av`vq K‡ib| †Kvb wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© Zvi Kg©x ev Aa¯Íb‡`i welqwU †ck K‡i Ges Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvbv‡bvi my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i| eY©bv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, wiRfxi cÖwZôv‡b Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©‡bi g~j KviY nj civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve X, ABC †Kv¤úvwb wjt Gi GKRb e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib †h, Rbkw³ I Awab¯Í‡`i Av¯’v AR©b Qvov jÿ¨ AR©b m¤¢e bq| G‡Z k„•LjvI e¨nZ nq| Rbve X D³ mgm¨v hv‡Z ABC cÖwZôv‡b †`Lv †`Lv bv †`q, †mRb¨ Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvMmn cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wb‡jb| K. KviY e¨vL¨vKiY wb‡`©kbv Kx? 1 L. wb‡`©kbvi bgbxqZvi bxwZ †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. Kg©x‡`i Av¯’v AR©b bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j cÖwZôv‡b Kx ai‡bi mgm¨v m„wó n‡Z cv‡i?

3 N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b Rbve X Gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc Kx hyw³hy³? gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. hLb Kg©xiv cÖvß wb‡`©kbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wb‡`©kbvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v †c‡q _v‡K Zv‡K KviY e¨vL¨vKiY wb‡`©kbv e‡j| L. bgbxqZv ej‡Z †evSvq mgq, cÖhyw³, †KŠkj cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wb‡`©kbvq cwieZ©b Avbv| cÖ‡qvRbxq mvdj¨ jv‡fi Rb¨ mgq I Ae¯’v‡f‡` cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbvi cwieZ©b KivB n‡jv wb‡`©kbvi bgbxqZv cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq wb‡`©kbv hw` cwieZ©b bv Kiv hvq Z‡e cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©b m¤¢e bq| 143

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡

M. wb‡`©kbvi cwic~Y© eY©bv I e¨vL¨v Avek¨K| KviY Am¤ú~Y© wb‡`©kbv Aa¯Íb‡`i eyS‡Z mgm¨v nq Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ nZvkvi m„wó nq| †bZvi GKUv MiæZ¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv Rbkw³ I mevi wbKU wbR †bZ…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Av¯’ m„wó Kiv| Av¯’v AR©‡b mK‡ji mv‡_ mve©ÿwYK †hvMv‡hvM iÿvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| Kg©x‡`i Av¯’v AR©b bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j cÖwZôv‡b wb‡gœv³ mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| 1. cÖvwZôvwbK D‡Ïk¨ AR©b e¨nZ nq| 2. cÖvwZôvwbK k„•Ljv e¨nZ nq| 3. Drcv`b Kv‡h© MwZkxjZv n«vm cvq| 4. kªg-e¨e¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© Dbœqb nq bv| N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mgm¨v mgvav‡b Rbve X Gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc hyw³hy³| †hvMv‡hvM n‡jv aviYv, Z_¨, Av‡`k ev wb‡`©kbv A‡b¨i wbKU GKKfv‡e Zz‡j aiv hv‡Z †m Gi A_© mwVKfv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Rbve X Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©x‡`i Av¯’v AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dci ¸iæZ¡ w`‡”Qb| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi d‡j Kg©xi AvbyMZ¨ k„•Ljv I `ÿZv ev‡o| Kg©xi g‡bvej DbœZ nq| †hvMv‡hv‡Mi d‡j wefvMxqKiY, ÿgZv I KZ©„Z¡ wbw`©óKiY I Ac©Y Ges e¨w³ I wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© cÖwZôv Ki‡Z nq| †hvMv‡hvM wfbœ msMVb cÖwZôv I cwiPvjbv m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB ejv hvq †h, Rbve X Gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc hyw³hy³| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Kzwgjøvi wewmK wkíbMixi Rbve †Lvi‡k` Avj‡gi gvwjKvbvaxb wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbv B`vwbs Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q| d‡j e¨emv‡q †jvKmv‡b w`‡K hv‡”Q| m‡iRwg‡b †`Lvi Rb¨ wZwb XvKv †_‡K KviLvbvq hvb| wZwb †`L‡j Ng©v³ kªwg‡Kiv ¯^í Av‡jv‡Z KvR KiQ| †dvig¨v‡bi AvPiY wb‡qI Zviv K_v Zzjj| G †cÖw ÿ‡Z Rbve †Lvi‡k` Avjg mßv‡n wZbw`b KviLvbv cwi`k©‡bi wm×všÍ †bb Ges Gi g‡a¨ GKw`b Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq Ki‡eb e‡j w¯’i K‡ib| K. wb‡`©kbv Kx? 1 L. Kg©x‡`i‡K gybvdvi Ask cÖ`vb †Kvb †cÖlYvi AšÍfy©³ eywS‡q †jL| 2 M. †Kvb Abw_©K †cÖlYvi Afv‡e wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve Avj‡gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿcB cÖwZôvbwU‡K Drcv`‡bi c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡e gšÍe¨ Ki| 4 DËi: K. Kgx©‡`i mvg‡_©¨i m‡e©v”P e¨env‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q Zv‡`i Av‡`k I civgk© `vb, ZË¡veavb I AbymiY Kvh©‡K wb‡`©kbv e‡j| L. e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Kg©x‡`i gybvdvi Ask cÖ`vb Avw_©K Dcv‡q †cÖlYv`v‡bi AšÍf³ z© | mvaviYfv‡e e¨emv‡qi gybvdv Gi gvwjK‡`i cÖvc¨| wKšÍy Kgx©‡`i gybvdvi Ask cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j G‡Z Zviv Avw_©Kfv‡e DcK…Z 144

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡ nq Ges cÖwZôvb‡K wb‡Ri K‡i fv‡e| †h Kvi‡Y AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvq Kgx©‡`i gybvdvi Ask cÖ`vb Avw_©K †cÖlYvi Ab¨Zg Dcvq we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| M. wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq Drcv`b K‡g hvIqvi wcQ‡b myôz Kg©cwi‡e‡ki cÖfve gyL¨ f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| myôz Kg© cwi‡ek Abvw_©K †cÖlYv`v‡bi Ab¨Zg Dcvq| Kg©x †hLv‡b KvR K‡i Zvi cwi‡ek hw` Drcv`bevÜe bv nq Z‡e Drcv`b n«vm cvIqv LyeB ¯^vfvweK| wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq †h myôz Kg©cwi‡ek †bB †m‡ÿ‡Î DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx wb‡¤œv³ wZbwU Bw½Z we‡eP¨: 1. kÖwg‡Kiv ¯^í Av‡jv‡Z KvR Ki‡Q; 2. kÖwgKiv Ng©v³ A_©vr evqy PjvPj ev VvÛvKiY e¨e¯’v AcÖZyj Ges 3. †dvig¨vb‡`i AvPiY Kvw•LZ bq| Dc‡iv³ Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, KviLvbvq myôz Kg©cwi‡ek bv _vKvi Kvi‡YB Drcv`b n«vm cv‡”Q| N. wg. Avjg miRwg‡b KviLvbv cwi`k©b K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb †h, mßv‡n wZbw`b wZwb KviLvbv cwi`k©b Ki‡eb Ges Gi g‡a¨ GKw`b wZwb Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq Ki‡eb| Avkv Kiv hvq Zvi G c`‡ÿc cÖwZôvb‡K Zvi Drcv`‡bi c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q †b‡e| wg. Avjg wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb wZwb KviLvbvq Zvi wbR¯^ ZË¡eavb evov‡eb Ges Kgx©‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgq K‡i Zv‡`i myweav-Amyweav ey‡S †m Abyhvqx cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq w`Kwb‡`©kbv †`‡eb| wbtm‡›`‡n Zvi wPšÍv AwaK Kvh©Ki| KviY B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖwZôvbwUi Kg© cwi‡ek ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q| hv GKw`‡b N‡Uwb| hviv cÖwZôvbwU Pvjv‡”Qb Zv‡`i MvdjwZi Kvi‡Y GwU n‡q‡Q weavq Zv‡`i Ici cy‡iv wbf©i K‡i G Ae¯’vi DËiY m¤¢e n‡e bv| DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv †_‡K †evSv hvq wg. Avj‡gi KviLvbv‡Z GKmgq h‡_ó Drcv`b n‡Zv| wKšÍy gvSLv‡b nq‡Zvev wbR¯^ e¨¯ÍZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb Ab¨‡`i Ici AwaK wbei K‡iwQ‡jb| KviLvbv cwiPvjbvi `vwq‡Z¡ hviv wQ‡jb Zv‡`i Ae‡njv I A`ÿZvq cÖwZôvbwUi Drcv`bkxjZv n«vm †c‡q‡Q| GgZve¯’vq wbR¯^ ZË¡veavb evov‡bv Qvov wg. Avj‡gi c‡ÿ KviLvbvi Drcv`b e„w× m¤¢e n‡e bv|

145

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡

·qv`k Aa¨vq: wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡ Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wg. mvnv GKUv Kb÷ªvKkvb dvg© M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb 25 eQi Av‡M| GKmv‡_ Zvi A‡bK¸‡jv KvR Pj‡Zv| wZwb BwÄwbqvi mv‡_ wb‡q cÖ‡R‡±i KvR Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡Zb| wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx KvR n‡”Q Kxbv †mUv ciL Ki‡Zb| cÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡q BwÄwbqvi‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡Zb| bZzb wb‡`©kbv w`‡Zb| fyj n‡j Kg©x‡`i Dc‡`kcivgk© w`‡Zb| cÖ‡qvR‡b fqI †`Lv‡Zb Avevi DrmvnI w`‡Zb| wKš‘ Zvi kixi GLb fv‡jv bq| BwÄwbqvwis cvm Kiv †Q‡j iZ‡bi Ici e¨emv‡qi fvi †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| iZb cÖ‡R‡± †h‡Z Pvq bv| K¬ve Avi eÜz-evÜe wb‡q Zvi mgq Kv‡U| meKvR †m g~jZ BwÄwbqvi I Ab¨‡`i Ici †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| wg. mvnv fv‡eb, Gfv‡e Pj‡j cÖwZôvb Wye‡e| K.DËg wb‡`©kbv Kx? 1 L. †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. mvnv Kg©x‡`i †hfv‡e wb‡`©kbv w`‡Zb Zv wb‡`©kbv `v‡bi †Kvb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© e¨L¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq iZ‡bi †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôvb‡K Wyev‡e wg. mvnvi Giƒc fvebvi mv‡_ Zvi †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi c×wZi mvgÄm¨Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| Rbve Kex‡ii wkí cÖwZôvb GLb eo n‡q‡Q A_P Zvi kixi-¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv hv‡”Q bv| ZvB A‡b¨i Ici Zv‡K wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡”Q| wZwb †`L‡Qb Zvi cÖwZôv‡b DaŸ©Zb I Aa¯Íb‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤úK© w`bw`b Lvivc n‡”Q| DaŸ©Zbiv Aa¯Íb‡`i Av‡`k †`q Avi †Kv‡bv fyj n‡j eKvSKv K‡i, fq †`Lvq| Zv‡`i mgm¨v¸‡jv eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i bv| bZzb m¤cÖmvwiZ GKUv BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ wZwb GKRb m`¨ Gg.we G cvm Kiv Rbve kixd‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| Rbve kixd cÖwZ gv‡m Zvi BDwb‡Ui Aa¯Íb Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡q e‡mb| Kv‡Ri mgm¨v-m¤¢vebv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| KiYxq wba©viY K‡ib| Zvi Av‡jv‡K c‡ii gv‡mi KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| Zvi BDwb‡Ui mevi g‡a¨ ü`¨Zv I Kvh©dj †`‡L mevB nZevK| K. †bZv †K ?

1 L. wb‡`©kbvq c~Yv©½Zv †KY cÖ‡qvRb ?

2 M. Rbve Kex‡ii cÖwZôv‡b DaŸ©Zb‡`i M„nxZ †bZ…Z¡ †Kvb ai‡bi c`‡¶c e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve kixd bZzb BDwb‡U †h wb‡`©kbv c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Qb mvgwMÖK cÖwZôvb we‡ePbvq Zvi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 3| Rbve Av‡e`xb e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b GKRb BwÄwbqvi| `xN©w`b we‡`‡k †_‡K G‡m wZwb †`‡ki GKUv eo wbg©vY †Kv¤úvwbi gyL¨ wbe©vnxi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ cÖ‡R±¸‡jv‡Z †h wb‡`©k cvVvb Zv cÖ‡R± BwÄwbqviiv a‡i DV‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv eyS‡Z PvB‡j wZwb eySvb| wKš‘ †ewk wKQz wRÁvmv Ki‡j gvivZ¥K P‡U hvb| Zv‡`i †jLvcov wb‡q cÖkœ †Zv‡jb| eKvSKv K‡ib| G‡Z cÖ‡R± BwÄwbqviiv `viæbfv‡e weeªZ I nZvk| wb‡Pi w`‡Ki KvRI evavMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| K. K‡j‡Ri GKRb Aa¨¶ †Kvb ai‡bi †bZv? 1 L. Kg©‡Kw›`ªK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rbve Av‡e`xb cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbvq DËg wb‡`©kbvi †Kvb •ewkó¨ jw•NZ n‡”Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve Av‡e`xb‡K fv‡jv Ki‡Z n‡j †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi eZ©gvb †KŠkj †_‡K m‡i Avm‡Z n‡e- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 146

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡

4| wg. Avkivd eo cÖwZôv‡bi g¨v‡bRvi| wZwb wefvMxq cÖavb‡`i wb‡q gv‡S-g‡a¨B mfv K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡Mi myweav-Amyweav †kv‡bb Ges KiYxq wb‡`©k K‡ib| Zvi weµq e¨e¯’vcK g‡b K‡ib, cÖwZôv‡bi Dcwi¯Í‡i †hvM¨ †jvK _vKvq G ai‡bi Av‡jvPbv fv‡jv| wKš‘ Zvi Aaxb¯Í‡`i wb‡q Gfv‡e mfv Ki‡j Zviv gv_vq P‡o em‡e| ZvB wZwb mevi mv‡_ iƒp e¨envi K‡ib| G wel‡q wg. Avkiv‡di Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM Avm‡j wZwb weµq e¨e¯’vcK‡K ej‡jb, gvwmK mfv K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K †Rv‡bi weµq e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Uv‡M©U wba©viY K‡i w`b| cieZ©x gvwmK mevq ch©v‡jvPbv •eV‡K †`L‡eb hviv Uv‡M©U c~iY K‡i‡Q ZvivB Ab¨‡`i KiYxq wb‡`©k Ki‡e| K. †hvMv‡hvM Kx? 1 L. AvbyôvwbK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Avkivd cÖ`Ë †bZ…Z¡ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. weµq e¨e¯’vc‡K fv‡jv Ki‡Z n‡j Zvi eZ©gvb fvebv †_‡K m‡i G‡m bZzb wb‡`©kbv c×wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e- Zzwg Kx G e³e¨ mg_©b K‡iv? g‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 5| Rbve Kv‡`i GKwU Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK| wZwb Pv‡”Qb Drcv`b AvMvgx 6 gv‡m 15% e„w× Ki‡Z| GB j‡¶¨ wZwb GKKfv‡e Zvi cÖwZôv‡b wefvMxq ch©v‡q Kg©iZ wbe©vnx‡`i wb‡`©kbv w`‡jb| wKš‘ wbw`©ó mgq ci †`Lv †Mj Drcv`b e„w×i j¶¨ gvÎv AwR©Z nqwb| cieZ©x‡Z Pvc m„wó K‡iI †Kvb KvR bv nIqvq Rbve Kv‡`i Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ wbe©vnx‡`i wb‡q em‡jb Ges Zv‡`i civgk© Abyhvqx Drcv`b e„w×i j¶¨gvÎv 10% wba©viY Ki‡jb Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KiYxq wVK Ki‡jb| GLb mewKQz wVKgZ Pj‡Q| K. wb‡`©kbv Kx? 1 L. MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K cÖ_g Ae¯’vq Rbve Kv‡`i †h wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve Kv‡`i cieZ©x M„nxZ wb‡`©kbv c×wZ Drcv`b e„w×i mnvqK n‡e- e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| Rbve kvKzi eo cÖwZôv‡bi weµq e¨e¯’vcK| cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i fx‡o mevB hLb KiYxq wba©vi‡Y wngwmg Lv‡”Q ZLb wVKB Rbve kvKzi Ggb †Kv‡bv KiYxq wba©viY K‡ib hv cÖwZôv‡bi weµq GwM‡q wb‡Z LyeB mnvqK nq| Zvi Aax‡b KvR K‡i weµq wefv‡Mi mKj Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix mš‘ó| wKš‘ Rbve kvKzi Zvi KZ©„Z¡ wb‡q LyeB m‡PZb| wZwb Zvi wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i wel‡q mngg©x, Zv‡`i mv‡_ cÖ‡qvR‡b gv‡S-g‡a¨ Avjvc I mfv K‡ib| wKš‘ memgqB civgk© Ki‡Z n‡e GUv wZwb cQ›` K‡ib bv| Zvi wefv‡Mi mevB Zv‡K mgxn K‡i| K. gy³ ev jvMvgnxb †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 L. AvbyôvwbK †bZ…Z¡ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. Rbve kvKz‡ii weµq wefvM fv‡jv Kivi wcQ‡b †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi †Kvb ¸Y †ewk mnvqK n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve kvKz‡ii †bZ…Z¡`vb c×wZ mevi mgxn Av`v‡qi mnvqK n‡q‡Q- G g‡Zi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 7| wg. nvmv‡bi evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK eo Z_¨ cÖhyw³ ev AvBwU e¨emvq| wZwb †`‡ki evB‡i wm½vcy‡i cÖ_g Awdm †Lv‡jb| GLb Zvi 10Uv †`‡k kvLv Awdm i‡q‡Q| wm½vcy‡i e‡m wZwb XvKvmn me RvqMvi e¨emv‡qi †LvuR Lei iv‡Lb| cÖwZw`b †dvb, B›Uvi‡bU G¸‡jvB Zvi cÖavb Aej¤^b| G¸‡jvi gva¨‡gB wZwb wb‡`©kbv †`b| XvKvi Awd‡m DaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡R‡`i ga¨Kvi wKQz wel‡q fyj eySveywSi m„wó nIqvq KvR ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q| wZwb bvbvbfv‡e †hvMv‡hvM K‡i Zv wb®úwËi †Póv Ki‡jI mdj n‡Z cv‡ibwb| KÕw`‡bi Rb¨ XvKvq G‡m me ï‡b wZwb AvcvZZ Kv‡Ri ¶wZ n‡e †g‡b wb‡qI mswkøó‡`i ewn¯‹v‡ii wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K. •¯^ivPvix †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 147

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wb‡`©kbv I †bZ…Z¡

L. civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. nvmvb wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Awdm Pvjv‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi wb‡`©kbv c×wZ e¨envi K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. nvmv‡bi M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi ga¨ w`‡q †bZ…‡Z¡i GKUv eo ¸‡Yi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q- Giƒc g‡Zi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 8| Rbve wKewiqv GKwU wi‡qj †÷U †Kv¤úvwbi weµq wefv‡Mi cÖavb| XvKvi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zv‡`i cÖ‡R± i‡q‡Q| wg. wKewiqv Aaxb¯’‡`i‡K cÖ‡R± wfwËK `vwqZ¡ w`‡q Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki weµq j¶¨gvÎvI wbw`©ó K‡i †`b| j¶¨ AR©‡b e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ QvuUvB‡qi e¨e¯’v wb‡q Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ wgkª cÖwZwµqv i‡q‡Q| Gw`‡K wefv‡Mi †h †Kv‡bv Kv‡R wZwb GKvB mewKQz wVK K‡i Aaxb¯’‡`i †Kej Zv‡`i KiYxq Kx n‡e- Zv Rvwb‡q †`b| wZwb †`k we‡`‡ki †µZv‡`i‡K AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi I‡qemvBU G wbqwgZfv‡e Z_¨ Avc‡jvW (Upload) Kwi‡q _v‡Kb| B`vwbs †Kv¤úvwbi I‡qemvB‡U cÖvqB wb‡qvM weÁwß j¶ Kiv hvq| K. wb‡`©kbv Kx? 1 L. wb‡`©kbv‡K ÔcÖkvm‡bi ü`wcÐÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. Rbve wKewiqv †Kvb c×wZ‡Z Aaxb¯’‡`i‡K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b c`k~b¨ nIqvi †cQ‡b Rbve wKewiqvÕi †bZ…Z¡ †KŠk‡ji †Kv‡bv f~wgKv A‡Q wK? gZvg‡Zi ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ †`LvI| 4 9| Rbve iweDj Bmjvg weL¨vZ Awdm dvwb©Pvi Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb D‡Wb wjt Gi cÖavb wbe©vnx| G cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ cÖvq cÖwZwU Kg©xi wcÖq e¨w³Z¡ n‡”Qb wg. Bmjvg| wZwb Zvui Aaxb¯’ mKj‡K mšÍvbZzj¨ g‡b K‡i Zv‡`i fvjg‡›` mevi Av‡M GwM‡q Av‡mb| wZwb Kg©x‡`i g‡b GZUvB ¯’vb †Ki wb‡q‡Qb †h, Zviv wek¦vm K‡i wg.

Bmjvg †Kej Zv‡`i g½jB Pvb| G Rb¨ Kg©x‡`i wZwb †h KvR Ki‡Z e‡jb Zviv `¶Zvi mv‡_ Zv m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ m`v Zrci _v‡K| mwVK mg‡q mwVK KvR `¶Zvi mv‡_ mym¤úbœ Kiv G cÖwZôv‡bi ixwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| MZ eQi †miv ißvwbKviK wn‡‡me Ôißvwb UªwdÕ cÖvwß ÔD‡Wb wjtÕ Gi D¾jZv‡K AviI LvwbKUv evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| K. BwZevPK †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbv‡K wK †bZv ejv hvq?

2 M. DÏxc‡K Rbve iweDj Bmjv‡gi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ wb‡`©kbv `v‡bi †Kvb Dcv‡qi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki Rbve iweDj Bmjvg GKRb mdj †bZv? Dˇii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4 10| mvMi G¨vcv‡ijm& wjt Zv‡`i Drcvw`Z †cvkv‡Ki wWRvB‡b bZzbZ¡, DbœZgvb I mgqgZ mieivnKvix wn‡m‡e wek¦e¨vcx mgv`„Z| `xN©w`b hveZ G cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b wefv‡Mi cÖavb wbe©vnx wQ‡jb wg. k¨vgm&| wZwb wbw`©ó AW©vi Abyhvqx Drcv`b ïiæi c~‡e©B †mKkb cÖavb I †d¬vi BbPvR©‡`i wb‡q wgwUs K‡i Zv‡`i gZvgZ MÖnY Ki‡Zb| MZ eQi Ryb gv‡m wZwb cÖwZôvb †Q‡o P‡j hvIqvq AwfÁZv I `¶Zvi wbwi‡L wg. Av‡bvqvi‡K D³ c‡` wb‡qvM †`qv nq| Kv‡R †hvM`v‡bi ci †_‡KB bZzb G wbe©vnx mKj wel‡q †MvcbxqZv i¶vi bxwZ Aej¤^b K‡ib Ges wbR¯^ wm×všÍ Abyhvqx Drcv`b Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡ib| d‡j, Drcv`b wefv‡Mi mswkøó mK‡ji Kv‡R MwZkxjZv wKQzU n«vm cvq| MZ gvP© gv‡m eo ai‡bi GKwU AW©vi ÷K jU (Stock lot) n‡q hvIqvq gvwjK c¶ wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o‡Qb| K. †hvMv‡hvM Kx? 1 L.Kvh©Ki †bZ‡…Z¡ †hvMv‡hvM †KY Acwinvh© ?

2 M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. kvgm& †Kvb ai‡bi wb‡`©kbv c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Zb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨emvwqK mybvg A¶zYœ ivL‡Z mvMi A¨vc‡ijm& wjt Gi eZ©gv‡b Kx KiYxq? hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 148

14Zg Aa¨vq

†cÖlYv Motivation

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wewmK wkíbMix Kzwgjøvq Rbve †Lvi‡k` Avj‡gi gvwjKvbvaxb wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq B`vbxs Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q| d‡j e¨emvq †jvKmv‡bi w`‡K hv‡”Q| m‡iRwg‡b †`Lvi Rb¨ wZwb XvKv †_‡K KviLvbvq hvb| wZwb †`L‡jb Ng©v³ kªwg‡Kiv ¯^í Av‡jv‡Z KvR Ki‡Q| †dvig¨v‡bi AvPiY wb‡qI Zviv K_v Zzjj| G †cÖw ÿ‡Z Rbve †Lvi‡k` Avjg mßv‡n wZbw`b KviLvbv cwi`k©‡bi wm×všÍ †bb Ges Gi g‡a¨ GKw`b Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq Ki‡eb e‡j w¯’i K‡ib| K. †cÖlYv Kx? 1 L. Kg©x‡`i gybvdvi Ask cÖ`vb †Kvb †cÖlYvi Aš‘fy³ © ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. †Kvb Abvw_©K †cÖlYvi Afv‡e wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q? eY©bv Ki| 3 N. Rbve Avj‡gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿcB cÖwZôvbwU‡K Drcv`‡bi c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡e G e¨vcv‡I †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †cÖlYv nj e¨vc¯’vcK KZ©„K M„nxZ Ggb c`‡ÿc hv kªwgK Kgx©‡`i wbw`©ó KvR myôyfv‡e mgvav Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ I cÖ‡Yvw`Z K‡i| L. Kg©x‡`i gybvdvi Ask cÖ`vb Kiv Avw_©K †cÖlYvi AšÍf©~³| e¨emvwqK Kg©Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b Kiv e¨emv‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨| GwU AR©‡b kªwgKKg©x‡`i Ae`vbB gyL¨| ZvB Gi GKwU Ask hw` kªwgK Kg©x‡`i gRyixi evB‡iI cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zviv Avw_©Kfv‡e DrmvwnZ n‡q mš‘ó wP‡Ë cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡e| M. DËg Kg© cwi‡ek Abvw_©K †cÖlYvi GKwU Dcv`vb| Gi Afv‡e wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q| Av‡jv evZv‡mi PjvPj, fv‡jv e¨envi cvIqv, KviLvbvq VvÐv Mi‡gi fvimvg¨ cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g Kg© cwi‡e‡ki kZ©| wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvq DËg Kg©cwi‡e‡ki GB mKj •ewkó¨ Abycw¯’Z| ZvB Zv‡`i Drcv`b K‡g hv‡”Q| DÏxc‡K jÿ¨ Kiv hvq, wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvi kªwgKiv ¯^í Av‡jv‡Z KvR Ki‡Q| kªwg‡Kiv Mi‡g †N‡g Aw¯’i n‡q KvR Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z wM‡q Rvbv‡jb †dvig¨vbI Zv‡`i mv‡_ fv‡jv AvPiY K‡i bv| d‡j Kg©xiv Amš‘ó I g‡bvej nvwi‡q KvR Ki‡Q| d‡j Drcv`b K‡g cÖwZôvbwU †jvKmv‡bi w`‡K hv‡”Q| N. Rbve Avj‡gi M„wnZ c`‡ÿcB wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvwU‡K Drcv`b‡K c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡e e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| wgZv wdwks †bU KviLvbvwUi gvwjK Rbve Avjg cÖwZôvbwU‡Z wZb w`b cwi`k©b I Gi g‡a¨ GKw`b Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq Ki‡eb e‡j wm×všÍ wb‡jb|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†cÖlYv

Rbve Avj‡gi GB c`‡ÿ‡c Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Zvi †hvMv‡hvM evo‡e| cwi`k©b I gZ wewbgq Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g †dvig¨v‡bi e`‡j Zvi ZË¡veavb m¤cÖmviY n‡e| G‡Z Kg©xiv gvwj‡Ki mivmwi ZË¡veavb jv‡fi gva¨‡g mš‘ó n‡e| Zv‡`i Ae¯’v gvwjK Rvb‡e Ges mgvavb w`‡e| G‡Z †dvig¨v‡bi `ye¨envi †_‡KI iÿv cv‡e| d‡j Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Zv‡`i AvMÖn evo‡e, Drcv`b e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| d‡j cÖwZôvbwU †jvKmv‡bi nvZ †_‡K iÿv cv‡e| myZivs Rbve Avj‡gi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc mwVK I h_vh_ Ges GB c`‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡g cÖwZôvbwU‡K Drcv`‡bi c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q wb‡e| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: mv‡jnv wb‡Uvj Mv‡g©›Um G GKRb bZzb Kg©x wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡i‡Q| Gi Av‡M Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b †m KvR K‡iwb| †mjvB †gwk‡b †mjv‡qi `vwqZ¡ †c‡q‡Q wKš‘ Ki‡Z bv cvivq †evZvg jvMv‡bvi wefv‡M wb‡q hvq wKš‘ †mLv‡bI KvR bv cvivi Kvi‡Y c¨v‡KwRs †mKk‡b e`wj Kiv nq| mv‡jnv KvR bv cvivq wb‡Ri Dci Av¯’v nvwi‡q †d‡j| †dvig¨v‡bi c`‡ÿ‡c Zvi Kv‡Ri cÖwZ g‡bvej wd‡i G‡jv| K. Pvwn`v †mvcvb Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? 1 L. †cÖlYv K‡g©i g~j †K›`ªwe›`y- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. mv‡jnv Mv‡g©‡›Um Gi Kv‡R Drmvn nvwi‡q †djj †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mv‡jnvi Kv‡Ri cÖwZ g‡bvej wdwi‡q Avb‡Z †dvig¨vb wK c`‡ÿc wb‡jv G wel‡q †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 DËi: K. Pvwn`v †mvcvb Z‡Ë¡i RbK n‡jv- A. H. Maslow.

L. †cÖlYv K‡g©i g~j †K›`ªwe›`y n‡jv gvbekw³| †cÖlYv K‡g©i g~j‡K›`ª n‡jv cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ mKj ch©v‡qi gvbekw³| Ab¨vb¨ e¨e¯’vcKxq Kv‡R Gi mKj Dcvq DcKiY Kg‡ekx we‡eP¨ n‡jI G‡ÿ‡Î Rbkw³ †K wKfv‡e DrmvwnZ I AYycÖvwYZ K‡i KvR Av`vq Kiv m¤¢e ZvB we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K| M. mv‡jnvi Mv‡g©›Um G Kv‡R Drmvn nvwi‡q †djvi KviY n‡jv Mv‡g©›Um Gi KvR bv Rvbv| †Kvb KvR †KD hw` bv Rv‡b, AcwiwPZ KvR †m Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| bv Ki‡Z cvivq wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© Zvi †bwZevPK aviYv M‡o DV‡e| d‡j GK mgq †m Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡e| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mv‡jnvi Mv‡g©›Um Gi gvÎ bZzb KvR wb‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| Mv‡g©›Um G †mjvB †mKk‡b Kv‡Ri `vwhZ¡ †c‡q KvR bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Avevi wefvM cvwë‡q †evZvg jvMv‡bvi †mKk‡b, †mLv‡bI KvR bv cvivi Rb¨ c¨v‡KwRs †mKk‡b e`wj Kiv nq| mv‡jnv KvR Kivi B”Qvq cÖwZôv‡b PvKzix †bq| wKš‘ KvR bv Rvbvi Rb¨ evi evi Zvi Kv‡Ri †ÿÎ cvëv‡bv nq| G‡Z †m Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Drmvn nvwi‡q †djj| N. mv‡jnvi Kv‡Ri cÖwZ g‡bvej wdwi‡q Avb‡Z †dvig¨vb cÖwkÿ‡Yi c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cv‡ib e‡j Avvwg g‡b Kwi| cÖwkÿY n‡”Q †cÖlYv cÖ`v‡bi Dcvq hvi gva¨‡g †Kvb Kg©x‡K †Kvb KvR nv‡Z Kj‡g wkLv‡bv nq| Gi gva¨‡‡g †Kvb bZzb ev wkÿvbexk Kg©x‡K KvR wkLv‡bvi gva¨‡g Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖnx K‡i †Zvjv hvq| 150

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †cÖlYv DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ mv‡jnv GKRb bZzb Kg©x wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv‡b †hvM`vb K‡i| Zv‡K †`q `vwqZ¡ †m cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY †m KvR †m cviZ bv Ges bZzb cwi‡e‡k, bZzb †gwk‡b, bZzb c×wZ †KvbwUB m¤ú‡K© †m RvbZ bv| Zv‡K KvR m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡Z n‡e, wkLv‡Z n‡e, Avi wkLv‡bvi GB gva¨gB n‡jv cÖwkÿY| mv‡jnv Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †dj‡j †dvig¨vb Zv‡K cÖwkÿY †`qvi c`‡ÿc wb‡jb| G‡Z mv‡jnv KvRwU nv‡Z Kj‡g ‡dj‡e Ki‡e| KvR bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ wefv‡M nZvk n‡q Nyi‡e bv, AvZ¥wek¦vm evo‡e, g‡bvej •Zwi n‡e Ges g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Kv‡R Drmvnx n‡e| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: kwdK mv‡ne GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b wnmveiÿK wn‡m‡e A¯’vqx wfwˇZ PvKzix †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb cÖwZgv‡m †eZb wn‡m‡e 25000 UvKv K‡i cvb| wKš‘ wZwb PvKix‡Z wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe Ki‡Qb| e¨e¯’vcK kwdK mv‡ne‡K GKeQi `ÿZvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡j PvKzix ¯’vqx Kivi Avk¦vm w`‡jb| G K_vq kwdK mv‡ne AbycÖvwYZ n‡q fv‡jvfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb| K. Movere †Kvb fvlvi kã?

1 L. †bwZevPKfv‡e Kg©x‡`i Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq †Kvb Z‡Ë¡? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. kwdK mv‡n‡ei Kx ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †cÖlYv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K kwdK mv‡ne‡K cÖ`Ë †cÖlYv wK mwVK? †Zvgvi hyw³ we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Movere j¨vwUb fvlvi kã| L. †bwZevPKfv‡e Kg©x‡`i Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq X- Z‡Ë¡| Gouglas Mcgragor Gi †cÖlYvi †ÿ‡Î GKwU Z‡Ë¡i D™¢veb K‡ib| X I Y ZË¡| X Z‡Ë¡i g~jK_v G Z‡Ë¡i AšÍM©Z Kg©xiv †bwZevPK, KvR‡K fq cvq, Pv‡c bv co‡j `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU Y Z‡Ë¡i wecixZ| M. kwdK mv‡n‡ei PvKzixi wbðqZvi cÖ‡qvRbwU †cÖlYv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| †cÖlYv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Avgiv AeMZ n‡Z cvwi †h, †cÖlYv cÖ`v‡bi cÖ_g ch©v‡q Kg©xi Afve AbymÜvb Kiv nq, Zvici †mB Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †cÖlYv w`‡j Kg©x Drmvn I DÏxcbv wb‡q KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi gvR‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb Z‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g Avgiv AeMZ n‡Z cvwi †h, †Kvb Kg©x 5 ai‡bi Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ avivevwnKfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ nq| †hgb- 1g ch©v‡q Abœe‡¯¿i g‡Zv •RweK Afve¸‡jv c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡j gvbyl wbivcËvi Afve †eva K‡i, Gici mvgvwRK gh©v`v BZ¨vw`| DÏxc‡K wg. kwdK GKRb wnmveiÿK wn‡m‡e A¯’vqx wfwˇZ 25000 UvKv †eZ‡b PvKix jvf K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z Zvi 1g ch©v‡qi Afve Abœ, e¯¿ A_©vr •RweK cÖ‡qvRbwU wg‡U| wKš‘ A¯’vqx PvKixi †h AwbðqZv †mUvi `ywðšÍv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cv‡ib wb| e¨e¯’vcK †cÖlYvi cÖwµqvwU kwdK mv‡n‡ei Dci cÖ‡qvM K‡i eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h, wg. kwd‡Ki PvKixi wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB wZwb Zv‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡jb †h, GKeQi `ÿZvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡K ¯’vqx Ki‡eb| A_©vr Pvwn`v Z‡Ë¡i wØZxq ¯Íi wbivcËvi Afve wPwýZ K‡i e¨e¯’vcK kwdK mv‡ne‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib| 151

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†cÖlYv

N. e¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K kwdK mv‡ne‡K PvKzix ¯’vqxKiY K‡i PvKixi wbivcËv w`‡eb e‡j †cÖlYv w`‡jb| Avgvi g‡Z cÖ`Ë †cÖlYvwU mwVK| Kg©x‡`i Afve AbymÜvb K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Afve c~i‡Yi Avk¦vm w`‡q Aby‡cÖiYv ev †cÖlYv w`‡Z nq| †cÖlYv cÖwµqvi cÖ_g avcwUB n‡jv Afve AbymÜvb| Avevi gvR‡jvi †cÖlYvi Pvwn`v Z‡Ë¡ 5 iK‡gi Pvwn`vi avivevwnKfv‡e c~i‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K kwdK mv‡n‡ei PvKwiwU A¯’vqx I †eZb 25000 UvKv, GB A_© Øviv wZwb †cªlYv Z‡Ë¡i 1g avc •RweK Pvwn`vwU c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwU c~i‡Yi ci 2q avc wbivcËvi Pvwn`vwU Zvi c~iY nqwb| A_©vr PvKwiwU A¯’vqx| e¨e¯’vcK kwdK mv‡n‡ei GB ¯Í‡ii Afv‡ei K_v Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| ZvB wZwb Zv‡K wbivcËvi AfvewU c~iY Kivi c`‡ÿc wb‡q‡Qb| GB c`‡ÿ‡ci avc wn‡m‡e wZwb kwdK mv‡ne‡K GKeQi `ÿZvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡j PvKzwi ¯’vqx Ki‡Yi Avk¦vm †`b hv w`‡q PvKwii AwbðqZv `~i n‡q PvKwii wbivcËv Avm‡e| A_©vr 2q avcwUi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡e| GB Rb¨ Avwg g‡b Kwi e¨e¯’vcK KZ©„K †bqv c`‡ÿcwU mwVK| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wZZjx Mv‡g©›Um Zvi Kg©x‡`i †cÖlYv evwo‡q Drcv`b ÿgZv evov‡Z Pvq| G Mv‡g©›U‡mi e¨e¯’vcbv wPšÍv K‡i‡Q †h, mevB‡K GKB gva¨‡g †cÖlYv w`‡j Zv Kvw•ÿZ dj wb‡q Avm‡e bv, eis Kvi Kx ai‡bi Pvwn`v Av‡Q Zv Abyaveb K‡i †m †gvZv‡eK †cÖlYvi gva¨‡g wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY mevi Pvwn`v GK iKg bq| Zvi Kgx©‡`i †cÖlYv I Kvh© mš‘wói Ae¯’vwU wbgœiƒcK. †cÖlYv Kx? 1 L. †cÖlYv I g‡bve‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI| 2 M. wZZjx Mv‡g©›Um Gi e¨e¯’vcK †cÖlYv `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡e- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wZZjx Mv‡g©›Um wKfv‡e Drcv`b ÿgZv evov‡Z cv‡i DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ¨vR©‡bi R‡b¨ cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ Kgx©e„›`‡K Kvh© ÿgZvi c~Y© e¨env‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ AbycÖvwYZ, DrmvwnZ I cÖ‡ivwPZ Kivi cÖwµqv‡K †cÖlYv ejv nq| L. †cÖlYv I g‡bvej DfqB e¨w³i g‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³| †h cÖwµqvq gvbyl‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh© m¤úv`‡b AbycÖvwYZ I DrmvwnZ Kiv nq ZvB †cÖlYv| Avi Kgx©i Afve I cwiZ…wßi Kg©mš‘wói mgwóB n‡jv g‡bvej| g‡bvej n‡jv gvby‡li Af¨šÍixY gvbwmK Ae¯’v| Kgx©iv †hLv‡b KvR K‡i †mB Kv‡Ri g~j welq ev D‡Ï‡k¨i cÖwZ Zv‡`i `„wófw½ ev mvgwóK AvPiYMZ KvVv‡gvB n‡jv g‡bvej| †cÖlYv n‡jv Kgx©‡`i Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AbycÖvwYZ I DrmvwnZ Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv| ‡cÖlYvi gva¨‡g Kgx©‡`i‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi d‡j Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Zv‡`i ¯^Z:ù~Z© AvMÖ‡ni m„wó Ges Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Drmvn evo‡j ax‡i ax‡i Kgx©‡`i g‡bvej e„w× cvq| M. wZZjx Mv‡g©Ý Gi e¨e¯’vcK Kg©x‡`i †cÖlYv `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Avw_©K I Abvw_©K c×wZ e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| 152

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †cÖlYv Avw_©K †cÖlYv ej‡Z A‡_©i mv‡_ RwoZ †cÖlYv‡K eySvq| Acic‡ÿ A_© Qvov †h †cÖlYv cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Abvw_©K †cÖlYv e‡j| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wZZjx Mv‡g©›Um Gi e¨e¯’vcK wm×všÍ †bb †h, †h mg¯Í Kg©xiv Avw_©K w`K we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K †eZb, gRywi I †evbvm BZ¨vw` myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Ab¨c‡ÿ hviv Abvw_©K my‡hvM myweav Pvq Zv‡`i‡K DËg Kvh©cwi‡ek, cÖwkÿ‡Yi my‡hvM, Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ I cÖksmv BZ¨vw` cÖ`vb Ki‡e| N. wZZjx Mv‡g©›Um †cÖlYv `v‡bi gva¨‡g Drcv`b evov‡Z cvi‡e| †cÖlYv n‡jv Kgx©‡`i Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi B”Qv‡K ev¯Í‡e cwiYZ Kivi GKwU we‡kl cÖ‡Póv| †cÖlYv Kgx©‡`i Drcv`b kw³ e„w× K‡i| wb‡gœ wZZjx Mv‡g©›Um †cÖlYv evwo‡q †hfv‡e Drcv`b ÿgZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv: †cÖlYv Kgx©‡`i g‡b Kg© m¤úv`‡bi Drmvn m„wó K‡i| G‡Z Kgx©MY AwaK AvMÖn mnKv‡i KvR K‡i| ingvb Mv‡g©›Um-Gi Kgx©‡`i †cÖlYv cÖ`vb Ki‡j Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Drmvn m„wó n‡e Ges cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b mnR n‡e| Kg©xi g‡b Avb›` I DÏxcbv _vK‡j Zviv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i| d‡j Kg©xi `ÿZv e„w× cvq| ingvb Mv‡g©›Um-Gi Kg©x‡`i †cÖlYv cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zv‡`i Kg© `ÿZv e„w× cv‡e Avi Kvh©`ÿZv e„w× †c‡j Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e| g~jZ kªwgK‡`i †cÖlYv evwo‡q w`‡j Zv‡`i g‡bvej e„w× cvq Kv‡Ri cÖwZ GKwbô nq Ges Drcv`b e„w× cvq|

153

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†cÖlYv

PZz`©k Aa¨vq: †cÖlYv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| wg. †ebwRi MvRxcy‡i Mv‡g©›Um M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb 10 eQi Av‡M| KviLvbv wewìs Kivi mgq †f‡e‡Qb Kÿ¸‡jv‡Z †h‡bv ch©vß Av‡jv-evZvm Ges Uq‡jU, Kgbiægmn †fŠZ myweavw` h‡_ó cwigv‡Y Zv‡K| Lvevi cvwb, wUwdb BZ¨vw`i e¨e¯’v †i‡L‡Qb| †eZb-fvZvI fv‡jv †`b| gvSLv‡b wZwb Zvi Awdm XvKvq ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib| iæwUb K‡i wZwb mßv‡n GKw`b d¨v±wi‡Z †h‡Zb| wKš‘ gvSLv‡b `yÕgvm †`‡ki evB‡i _vKvq ZLb wd‡i KviLvbvq †h‡q jÿ¨ Ki‡Qb, wewfbœ ch©v‡qi kªwgK-Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ e¨e¯’vcK‡`i †K‡bv †h‡bv `~iZ¡ •Zwi n‡”Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ wKQz Ggb NUbvi welqI wZwb ï‡b‡Qb| wZwb wewfbœ ch©v‡qi e¨e¯’vcK‡`i mfv †W‡K ej‡jb, Avcbviv Avcbv‡`i Aaxb¯Í‡`i AwffveK| ZvB evev-gv `vwqZ¡ wb‡q †hfv‡e mevB‡K wb‡q P‡j †mfv‡eB Avgv‡`i Pj‡Z n‡e| K. g¨vm‡jv cÖ`Ë †cÖlYv Z‡Ë¡i bvg Kx? 1 L. †cÖlYv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. KviLvbv wewìs •Zwii mgq wg. †ebwRi kªwgK-Kg©x‡`i †cÖlYv`v‡bi †Kvb c×wZi welqwU †f‡e‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. kªwgK-Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Awffve‡Ki b¨vq AvPiYB D™¢yZ Ae¯’vq c~e© cwi‡ek wdwi‡q Avb‡Z cv‡iDÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| Rbve Kvqmvi GKUv †U·UvBj wg‡ji Drcv`b BDwb‡Ui GKRb mycvifvBRvi| wZwb †`‡L‡Qb, Zvi cÖwZôvb kªwgK Kg©x‡`i mva¨vbyhvqx †eZb-fvZvmn G ai‡bi my‡hvM-myweav †`qvi †Póv Ki‡Q| wKš‘ AwaKvsk ZË¡veavq‡Ki AvPi‡Y kªwgK-Kg©xiv mš‘ó bq| ¯^í cwim‡i A‡bK Kg©x GK‡Î KvR K‡i d‡j Pjv †divq Amyweav nq| kªwgK-Kg©x‡`i PvKwi ¯’vqxKiY wb‡qI mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| cv‡ki cÖwZôv‡b kªwgK‡`i Av‡iv wKQy Avw_©K myweav evovq kªwgK-Kg©x‡`i Am‡šÍvl evo‡Q| KZ©„cÿ kªwgK Kg©x‡`i 5% gybvdvi Ask †`qvi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ kªwgKiv G‡Z mš‘ó n‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K. wb‡`©kbv Kx? 1 L. †cÖlYv cÖwµqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi †cÖlYv`v‡bi welq hZœevb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. kªwgK‡`i †ÿvf `~i Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j cÖwZôvb mvg‡b wec‡` co‡e- G gZ Kx mg_©b‡hvM¨? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 3| mMxi GKRb †dvig¨vb| Zvi Aax‡b 10 Rb kªwgK KvR K‡i| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Ab¨ †dvig¨vb‡`i †P‡q †m KvR fv‡jv †ev‡S| †m kªwgK‡`i mv‡_ †_‡K Zv‡`i KiYxq wb‡`©k K‡i I fyj n‡j fyj ïa‡i †`q| kªwgKiv †h‡bv fv‡jv KvR wk‡L `ÿ n‡Z cv‡i- G wel‡q †m AvšÍwiK| G‡Z Zvi BDwb‡U Drcv`b Ab¨‡`i †P‡q †ewk| kªg m¤ú‡K©I fv‡jv| wKš‘ cÖwZôv‡bi Ab¨ †dvig¨vbiv kªwgK‡`i wb‡`©k w`‡qB †kl| c‡i fyj n‡j Lvivc e¨envi K‡i- G wb‡q gv‡S-g‡a¨ AcÖxwZKi wKQz NUbv N‡U| welqwU KZ©„c‡ÿi bR‡i Avm‡j KZ©„cÿ †dvig¨vb‡`i wb‡q cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q| GQvov DËg Kvh©d‡ji Av‡jv‡K eQ‡i Drcv`b BDwbU I †dvig¨vb‡`i cyi¯‹…Z Kivi †NvlYv †`qv n‡q‡Q| K. †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 L. †cÖlYv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mMxi †cÖlYv`v‡bi †Kvb c×wZ e¨envi K‡i fv‡jv dj †c‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. KZ©„c‡ÿi M„nxZ e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv‡bi Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡e- Zzwg Kx GB gZ mg_©b Ki? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 154

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †cÖlYv 4| wg. Bmjvg GKUv †j` †gwkb ewm‡q KvR ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| GLb XvKvq wZwb eo LyPiv hš¿vsk cÖ¯Z ‘ Kvix| wbR nv‡Z ïiæ‡Z KvR K‡i‡Qb| A‡bK‡KB KvR wkwL‡q‡Qb| GLb A‡b‡KB `ÿ KvwiMi| cÖwZôv‡bi ZvivB g~jkw³| wZwb mevi mv‡_ AvbšÍwiKfv‡e †g‡kb| Kg©xiv hv‡Z fv‡jv cwi‡e‡k KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡qI wZwb mZK© _v‡Kb| cÖwZ eQi mevB‡K mv‡_ wb‡q KÕw`‡bi Rb¨ XvKvi evB‡i †eov‡Z hvb| wKš‘ wZwb B`vwbs jÿ¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zvi `xN©w`‡bi wek¦¯Í wKQz KvwiMi cÖwZôvb †Q‡o P‡j hv‡”Q| G‡Z wZwb `viæbfv‡e ÿz×| me ï‡b eÜz g›Uz nvRx ej‡jb| Rxeb hvÎvi e¨q †hfv‡e †e‡o‡Q Zvi cÖwZ bRi w`‡Z g‡b nq Zzwg fyj K‡iQv| K. †cÖlYv Kx? 1 L. Pvwn`v †mvcvb ZË¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Bmjvg Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©x‡`i †cÖlYv`v‡b †Kvb c×wZi wel‡q hZœevb-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Kg©x‡`i a‡i ivL‡Z wg. Bmjvg‡K †cÖlYv`v‡bi Ab¨ c×wZi cÖwZ bRi w`‡Z n‡e- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 5| wg. AwgZ PviæKjv †_‡K cvk K‡i wbR D‡`¨v‡M wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K Kzgvi msMÖn K‡i GKwU g„r KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib| wg. AwgZ wbR e¨e¯’vcbvq Zv‡`i _vKvi Ges Lvevi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| wZwb Kzgvi‡`i AvPi‡Y mš‘ó| Zviv ïiæ †_‡K cÖwZôv‡b KvR Ki‡Q| AW©v‡ii wfwˇZ Kzgvi‡`i gRywi cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Drcv`b e„w× m¤¢e bv nIqvq mgm¨v n‡”Q| Kg©x‡`i cÖwZôv‡b a‡i ivLv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv weavq wg. AwgZ DwØMœ| wZwb weµq e„w×i cwiKíbv wb‡”Qb| K. †cÖlYvi g~j †K›`ªwe›`y Kx? 1 L.Afve n‡jv †cÖlbv`v‡bi wfwË e¨vL¨v Ki | 2 M. gvm‡jv Pvwn`v ZË¡ Abyhvqx wg. AwgZ Kg©x‡`i †Kvb Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. weµq e„w×i cwiKíbv Kzgvi‡`i cÖwZôv‡b a‡i ivLvi †ÿ‡Î mnvqK n‡e- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| †`‡ki ¯^bvgab¨ cÖwZôvb Triangle Electronics Ltd. G weµq Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e 2000 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †hvM †`b wg. gyqvR| cÖ_g †_‡KB wZwb Kv‡R mZZv, wbôv I `ÿZvi cwiPq w`‡q Avm‡Qb| GQvov m`vjvcx I AvšÍwiKZvc~Y© e¨env‡ii Rb¨ mnKg©x‡`i wbKU gyqvR mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ wcÖq| m¤cÖwZ, gnv e¨e¯’vcK c‡` DbœxZ nIqvq m¤§vbRbK †eZ‡bi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K mve©ÿwYK e¨env‡ii Rb¨ GKwU AZ¨vaywbK g‡W‡ji MvwoI †`qv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ‡hvMx †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b D”P †eZ‡bi nvZQvwb _vK‡jI wZwb Triangle †Q‡o †h‡Z cv‡ib wb| GLvbKvi bxwZ, Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek, EaŸ©Z‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Ges m‡e©vcwi †`‡k we‡`‡k cwiwPwZ Zv‡K me mgq AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| K. DÏxcK Kx? 1 L. †cÖlYvi mv‡_ Kg©xi g‡bve‡ji m¤úK© Kx? 2 M. eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z Rbve gyqvR Pvwn`vi †Kvb ¯Í‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i‡Qb? Ôgvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb ZË¡Õ Øviv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg Kx g‡b Ki gyqvR mv‡n‡ei PvKzwi cwieZ©b bv Kivi wm×všÍwU fyj? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 7| wg. gywKZ GKwU eûRvwZK K‡c©v‡ik‡bi gvbem¤ú` e¨e¯’vcK| cÖwZôv‡bi gvbem¤ú‡`i DrKl©Zv e„w× I jÿ¨‡Kw›`ªK Kvh© cwiPvjbvq B‡Zvg‡a¨ h‡_ó mybvg AR©b K‡‡Qb gywKZ mv‡ne| m¤cÖwZ Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î wZwb wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨, mywbw`©ó †eZb KvVv‡gv wba©viY, evwl©K †eZb e„w×, c‡`vbœwZ, DbœZ Kvh© cwi‡ek, evrmwiK QzwU BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| d‡j †e‡o‡Q Kg©x‡`i AvšÍwiKZv| gywKZ mv‡ne me©`v Kg©x‡`i cÖwZ m‡PZb| wZwb AvMvgx A_©eQ‡i Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ MÖæc exgv e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Kivi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Qb| K. †cÖlYv Kx? 1 L. WMjvm g¨v‡MÖMi Theory-X-G gvby‡li ¯^fve m¤ú‡K© Kx aviYv †cvlY K‡i‡Qb? 2 155

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†cÖlYv

M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b Kg©x‡`i †cÖlYv`v‡bi Rb¨ g~jZ †Kvb Dcvq‡K ¸iæZ¡¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. gywKZ mv‡n‡ei M„nxZ bZzb cwiKíbvwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Ri Dci †Kv‡bv cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i Kx? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 8| †gavex QvÎ jvwee wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖfvlK c‡` †hvM †`qvi gva¨‡g K…lK evev †gvt nvwee Gi ¯^cœ c~iY nq| Lye Aí w`‡bB jvwee Qv·`i wbKU LyeB MÖnY‡hvM¨ wkÿ‡K cwiYZ nq| †m ¯‹jvikxc wb‡q A‡÷ªwjqvq wc.GBP.wW Ki‡Z hvq Ges wbw`©ó mg‡q †jLvcov †kl K‡i cybivq Kg©¯‡’ j wd‡i Av‡m| d‡j c‡`vbœwZ †c‡Z Lye †ewk mgq Zv‡K A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq bv| mg‡qi cwiµgvq GLb †m AZ¨šÍ `vwg GKwU MvwoI wK‡b‡Qb| MÖvg †_‡K evev-gv‡K wb‡q avbgwÛi wbR¯^ wejvmeûj ÔG¨vcvU©‡g‡›U †ek fvjfv‡eB †K‡U hv‡”Q Zvi Rxeb| m¤cÖwZ †d‡jvwkc Gi Rb¨ hy³iv‡óªi GKwU wek¦we`¨vj‡q Advi cvq jvwee| ¯¿x jxgv‡K welqwU Rvbv‡j †m AZ¨šÍ Avbw›`Z n‡q I‡V| K. BwZevPK †cÖlYv Kx? 1 L. Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î mš‘wó Avbq‡bi Rb¨ nvR©ev‡M©i Z‡Ë¡ †Kvb Dcv`vb‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki jvwe‡Ki Rxeb wP‡Îi mv‡_ †cÖlYvi †Kvb Z‡Ë¡ wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. jvwe‡ei wK †d‡jvwkc-G †hvM`vb Kiv DwPZ? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 9| †`‡ki ¯^bvgab¨ cÖwZôvb Triangle Electronics Ltd. G weµq Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e 2000 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m †hvM †`b wg. gyqvR| cÖ_g †_‡KB wZwb Kv‡R mZZv, wbôv I `ÿZvi cwiPq w`‡q Avm‡Qb| GQvov m`vjvcx I AvšÍwiKZvc~Y© e¨env‡ii Rb¨ mnKg©x‡`i wbKU gyqvR mv‡ne AZ¨šÍ wcÖq| m¤cÖwZ, gnv e¨e¯’vcK c‡` DbœxZ nIqvq m¤§vbRbK †eZ‡bi cvkvcvwk Zv‡K mve©ÿwYK e¨env‡ii Rb¨ GKwU AZ¨vaywbK g‡W‡ji MvwoI †`qv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ‡hvMx †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b D”P †eZ‡bi nvZQvwb _vK‡jI wZwb Triangle †Q‡o †h‡Z cv‡ib wb| GLvbKvi bxwZ, Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek, EaŸ©Z‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Ges m‡e©vcwi †`‡k we‡`‡k cwiwPwZ Zv‡K me mgq AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| K. †cÖlYv Kx? 1 L. †cÖlYvi mv‡_ Kg©xi g‡bve‡ji m¤úK© Kx? 2 M. eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi †cÖwÿ‡Z Rbve gyqvR Pvwn`vi †Kvb ¯Í‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i‡Qb? Ôgvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb ZË¡Õ Øviv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg Kx g‡b Ki gyqvR mv‡n‡ei PvKzwi cwieZ©b bv Kivi wm×všÍwU fyj? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 10| Rbve mwdK GKwU mvevb d¨v±ixi gvwjK †hLv‡b 50 Rb kªwgK KvR K‡i| kªwgK‡`i wZwb wbR nv‡ZB KvR wkwL‡q‡Qb| ZvivB cÖwZôv‡bi g~j kw³| wZwb mevi mv‡_ AvšÍwiKfv‡e wg‡kb| Kg©xiv hv‡Z mK‡j fvj cwi‡e‡k KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q wZwb mZK© _v‡Kb| wZwb Zv‡`i mv‡_ fvj e¨envi K‡ib| wKšÍy wZwb B`vbxs jÿ¨ Ki‡Qb Zuvi `xN©w`‡bi wek¦¯Í wKQz KvwiMi cÖwZôvb †Q‡o P‡j hv‡”Q| wZwb welqwU Zvi eÜz iwdK‡K ej‡j iwdK ej‡jb, Rxeb hvÎvi e¨q †hfv‡e †e‡o‡Q Zvi cÖwZ bRi w`‡Z gb nq Zzwg fyj Ki‡Qv| (K) †cÖlYv Kx? 1 (L) Ò†cÖlYv wKfv‡e Drcv`bkxjZv e„w× K‡i?

2 (M) DÏxc‡K Rbve mwdK †cÖlYv`v‡bi †Kvb c×wZ AbymiY K‡ib e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K iwdK †cÖlYv `v‡bi †Kvb c×wZ Abymi‡Yi civgk© w`‡q‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4 156

15Zg Aa¨vq

wbqš¿Y Controlling

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: DËiv b_© UvIqv‡i †gvt †njv‡ji GKwU cÖKvkwb Av‡Q| wZwb cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Kvh©m¤úv`b Kivi d‡j e¨vcK mvdj¨ †c‡q‡Qb| Zvi cÖwZôv‡b 10 Rb Kg©Pvix i‡q‡Q| wg. Rvnv½x‡ii mwVK ZË¡veav‡b wbqwgZ cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j jÿ¨ AwR©Z n‡”Q| K. wbqš¿Y Kx? 1 L. ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wg. †njv‡ji e¨emv‡qi mdjZvi KviY- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mwVK ZË¡veavbB cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©- gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KvR mwVKfv‡e m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`Lv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnYKvh©B n‡jv wbqš¿Y| L. ev‡R‡Ui Av‡jv‡K †h wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v Av‡ivc Kiv nq Zv‡K ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y e‡j| ev‡RU ej‡Z †Kv‡bv fwel¨Z cwiKíbvi msL¨vZ¥K cÖKvk‡K eySvq| Acic‡ÿ wbqš¿Y n‡jv M„nxZ cwiKíbv, RvwiK…Z wb‡`©kbv Ges cÖwZwôZ bxwZ †gvZv‡eK mewKQz NU‡Q wKbv Zv cixÿv I cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| ZvB cÖK…Z A‡_©, msL¨vZ¥K cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vKvh© we‡kølY Ges Zvi Av‡jv‡K †Kv‡bv wePz¨wZ NU‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv‡K ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y e‡j| M. †gvt †njvj mv‡n‡ei e¨emvq mdjZvi wcQ‡b mwVK cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KvR Kivi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡cyY© f~wgKv ivL‡Q| cwiKíbv e¨e¯’vcbv Z_v e¨emvq‡K mwVK c‡_ PvwjZ K‡i| †mRb¨ G‡K e¨emv‡qi c_ wb‡`©kK ejv nq| cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ jÿ¨ I KvR c~‡e©B ¯úófv‡e wba©vwiZ nq| Rbve †njvj Rv‡bb myôz cwiKíbv e¨emvq‡K AwbðqZv I SzuwKi nvZ n‡Z iÿv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvQvov cwiKíbv cÖwZôvb‡K wgZe¨wqZv AR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i| Gi d‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY myweavRbK e¨‡q h_vmg‡q msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nq| Rbve †njvj wZwb Rv‡bb e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi Ab¨vb¨ KvR †hgb msMVb, wb‡`©kbv, †cÖlYv I mgš^q Kvh©‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i cwiKíbv| cwiKíbv Qvov e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ KvR myPviæfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| Rbve †njvj mwVK cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g KvR K‡i Kg©`ÿZv e„w× K‡i mdjZv AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| N. cwiKíbv mwVK ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡gB †gvt †njvj e¨emvq mdjZv †c‡q‡Qb| Avi mwVK ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡q‡Q mwVK ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wbqš¿Y

Rbve †njvj wg. Rvnv½x‡ii gva¨‡g mwVK ZË¡veav‡b wb‡qvwRZ cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j jÿ¨ AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| Rbve †njvj g‡b K‡i e¨emvq mwVK ZË¡veavb Ki‡Z n‡j mwVK †hvMv‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †hvMv‡hvM ej‡Z Z‡_¨i fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb‡K eySvq| GB Av`vb-cÖ`vb hLb cvi¯úwiK †evSvcovi m„wó K‡i Zv e¨w³K jÿ¨ AwR©Z nq ZLbB †hvMv‡hvM mdj n‡q‡Q ejv n‡q _v‡K| ZvQvov cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbvi ¸iæZ¡I A‡bK| mwVK wb‡`©kbv Qvov cwiKíbvi mdjZv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^vfvweK Kvh©cÖevn m„wó‡ZI wb‡`©kbv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvKv‡h©i g~j cÖvYkw³ n‡jv DËg wb‡`©kbv| mwVK wb‡`©kbvi cvkvcvwk Rbve †njv‡ji mwVK ZË¡veavbB cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: iwng DwÏb GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| wZwb g‡b K‡ib wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vcbvi †kl avc bq eis Aweivg cÖwµqv| KviY cÖwZôv‡bi †h †Kv‡bv Kvh©vewji ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ mKj ch©v‡q wbqš¿‡Yi cª‡qvRb| wbqš¿Y Qvov †Kv‡bv Kvh©vewj myôyfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢e bq| GRb¨ wZwb Av`k© wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ mKj ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡q mfv Wv‡Kb| Av`k© wbqš¿‡Yi Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Dchy³Zv, †evaMg¨Zv BZ¨vw` QvovI cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQz| K. e¨e¯’vcbvi me©‡kl KvR Kx? 1 L. cvU© ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Av`k© wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvq Rbve iwng DÏx‡bi KiYxq Kx?- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †h †Kvb Kv‡Ri ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ mKj ch©v‡q wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q- gZvgZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. e¨e¯’vcbvi me©‡kl KvR n‡”Q wbqš¿Y| L. PERT k‡ãi c~Y© iƒc n‡jv Program Evaluation and Review Technique” A_©vr Kg©m~wP g~j¨vqb ms‡kvab †KŠkj| G‡ÿ‡Î KvR¸‡jv‡K wKQz Øviv wPwýZ Kiv nq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kv‡Ri ïiæ I †kl mgq wba©viY Ges †iLvi gva¨‡g mshy³ Kiv nq| RwUj KvR¸‡jv‡K †gvUv †iLv Øviv mshy³ K‡i we‡kl ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Kiv nq| d‡j wbqš¿Y Kvh© mnR n‡q hvq|

wPÎ: cvU© 158

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ wbqš¿Y M. Av`k© wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvq Rbve iwng Dwχbi KiYxq nj Av`k© gvb cÖwZôv Kiv| wbqš¿Y n‡jv e¨e¯’vcbvi GKwU cÖavb I me©‡kl cÖwµqv| Gi Øviv g~jZ Kv‡Ri cwigvc Kiv hvq| G‡Z c~e© wba©vwiZ gv‡bi mv‡_ AwR©Z Kv‡Ri Zzjbv Kiv nq Ges G‡Z ÎæwU wePz¨wZ _vK‡j Zv wbY©q Kiv hvq| me‡k‡l wbqš¿‡Yi ms‡kvabx MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g KvR Pvjy ivLv nq| Av`k© wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvbwUi Rb¨ Aek¨B wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vwU h_vh_ Dchy³ n‡Z n‡e| Dchy³ wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v Qvov iwng Dwχbi cÖwZôv‡b Av`k© wbqš¿Y m¤¢e bq| wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vwU Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb Zv †h‡Kv‡bv mgq cwieZ©b Kiv hvq| wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cwieZ©b Kiv bv †M‡j Zv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK bq| N. iwng Dwχbi Av`k© wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vwU Aek¨B me Kg©x ev wefvM‡K eySv‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î GwU h_vh_ mvdj¨ cv‡e| ZvB iwng DwÏb Zvi cÖwZôv‡b Av`k© wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wbqš¿Y g~jZ cÖYxZ nq cwiKíbv, cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv Ges wba©vwiZ bxwZ Abyhvqx Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q wKbv Zv hvPvB-evQvB I m¤úvw`Z Kv‡h©i g~j¨vqb I ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ wbiƒcY Ges ms‡kva‡bi e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z| wbqš¿Y e¨ZxZ e¨e¯’vcbvi hveZxq Kvh© A_©nxb I wek„•Ljv n‡Z eva¨& Kv‡RB h_vh_ wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †h‡Kvb KvR ïiæ nIqvi c~‡e© cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi cwiKíbv‡K ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡j wbqš¿Y Aek¨B `iKvi| †h‡Kvb †ÿ‡ÎB wbqš¿Y cÖ‡qvRb| k„•Ljv cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î wbqš¿Y Aek¨B `iKvi n‡Z n‡e| wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi †KD †¯^”QvPvwiZvg~jK g‡bvfve †cvlY Ki‡Q wKbv Zv mn‡RB wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| †h‡Kvbv Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv ÎæwU Av‡Q wKbv Zv mn‡RB aiv hvq wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g| wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g iwng DwÏb Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi wefvM, DcwefvM I Kg©xi g‡a¨ h_vh_fv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j G‡`i g‡a¨ mgš^q mnR nq| †h‡Kv‡bv wePz¨wZ wbY©q Ges Gi d‡j ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡b wbqš¿Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| myZivs ejv hvq †h, †h‡Kvb Kv‡Ri ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ mKj ch©v‡q wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: wbqš¿Y cwifvlvwU GKUz fvix fvix g‡b nq mvjgvi| †m g‡b K‡i wbqš¿Y A_© n‡jv KvR wVKgZ n‡q‡Q Kxbv Zv †`‡L †Kv‡bv wePz¨wZ n‡j `vqx cÿ‡K mbv³ K‡i Zv‡`i weiæ‡× kvw¯Íg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| wKš‘ eB c‡o GLb †m eyS‡Q wbqš¿Y GKUv cÖwµqv| Gi D‡Ïk¨ KvD‡K kvw¯Í †`qv bq| Kvh©Z bvbv Kvi‡YB †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv ev¯ÍevwqZ bvI n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †Kb nqwb| mgm¨v Kx wQj Zv mbv³ K‡i hv‡Z fwel¨‡Z ÎæwU `~i Kiv hvq- GUv wbwðZ KivB wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨| ZvB mvjgv fve‡Q, Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv‡b bv _vK‡j fyj ÎæwU ms‡kvab K‡i †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿB mvg‡b GwM‡q hvIqv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| K. M¨v›U PvU© Kx? 1 L. wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vcbvi KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 159

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ wbqš¿Y M. cwiKíbv‡K ev¯Íevqb Kivi Rb¨ wK ai‡bi e¨e¯’v †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvjgv g‡b K‡ib cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. Henry L.Gantt bvgK GKRb e¨e¯’vcbvwe` Kg©x‡`i Kvh©vewj wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ Kvh©mgq I m¤úvw`Z Kvh©dj we‡køl‡Yi GKwU PvU© •Zwi K‡ib| Zvui bvgvbymv‡i GwU M¨v›U PvU© bv‡g cwiwPZ| L. wbqš¿Y nj e¨e¯’vcbvi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb I Z`viwK cÖwµqv| cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó j‡ÿ¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvq †h Kvh©µg ïiæ nq wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvi cwimgvwß N‡U| wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vcbvi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi KvRwU m¤úv`b K‡i| e¨e¯’vcbv g~jZ KZ¸‡jv Kv‡Ri mgwó| GKRb e¨e¯’vcK‡K cwiKíbv, msMVb, Kg©xms¯’vb, wb‡`©kbv, †cÖlYv, †hvMv‡hvM, †bZ…Z¡`vb, M‡elYv, mgš^q mvab, wbqš¿Y cÖf„wZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq| M. cwiKíbv‡K ev¯Íevqb Kivi Rb¨ mwVK wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v †bIqv DwPZ| cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| wbqš¿Y n‡jv m¤úvw`Z Kvh©dj cwigvc, Kvh©vKv‡h©i wePz¨wZ wbiƒcY I ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi GK Aweivg cÖwµqv| Giƒc cÖwµqv we‡kølY Ki‡j Gi KZ¸‡jv avc ev c`‡ÿc jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| wbqš¿Y djcÖ` Kivi j‡ÿ¨ me©cÖ_g cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Av`k©gvb wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb Kv‡h©i cwigvY, e¨‡qi cwigvY, Av‡qi cwigvb, g~ja‡bi cwigvY| cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©xiv Kx cwigvY Kvh©m¤úv`b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv wba©viY Kiv nq| hw` wba©viY Kivi mgq †Kvb wePz¨wZ cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j Zv g~j¨vqb K‡i ms‡kvab g~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| N. mvjgv GKUv cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZvi wcQ‡b Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡i| wb‡gœ Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj: ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y Kvh©Ki Kiv‡K ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y e‡j| AvaywbKKv‡j e¨emvq cÖwZôvbmg~‡n ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †KŠkj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g Av`k©gvb wba©viY K‡i wbqš¿Y Kvh©Ki Kivi d‡j jÿ¨ AR©b mnR I wbwðZ nq| myôy wbqš¿Y Qvov cÖvwZôvwbK jÿ¨vR©b m¤¢e bq| ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y Kvh©Ki _vK‡j m¤úvw`Z Kv‡h©i mv‡_ cÖwZwôZ gv‡bi mgš^q mvab mnRZi nq| ev‡RUxq wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖvwZôvwbK Kvh©µg Ges wefvMmg~‡ni g‡a¨ me©vwaK mgš^q AR©b Kiv m¤¢e nq| ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡j Kg©x‡`i `ÿZv evovq| `ÿKg©x Øviv Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi d‡j DcKiYmg~‡ni cwic~Y© e¨envi Kiv Ges AcPq n«vm cvq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y AvaywbK wbqš¿‡Yi Ab¨Zg †KŠkj| Gi mwVK cÖ‡qvM I ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡j cÖvwZôvwbK mvdj¨ AR©b wbwðZ| 160

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ wbqš¿Y 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: †njvj ÔcvIqvi †UK wjtÕ Gi GKRb e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©vewj `ÿ I myôfv‡e m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ mgMÖ KvR‡K 6wU Kvh©wefv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡M GKRb K‡i e¨e¯’vcK wbhy³ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ e¨e¯’vcKMY Zv‡`i ¯^¯^ wefvM wbqš¿‡Y e¨_© n‡jb| ZvB wZwb e¨e¯’vc‡`i †K `ÿ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡jb| wZwb e¨e¯’vcK‡`i‡K wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb I `ÿ wbqš¿Y †KŠkj cÖwµqvwU †evSv‡Z mg_© n‡eb e‡j Avkvev` e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| K. wbqš¿Y †KŠkj Kx? 1 L. wbqš¿Y n‡jv cwiKíbvi wfwË- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. cvIqvi †UK wjt Gi mdjZvi Rb¨ †njvj wbqš¿Y †KŠkj mg~‡ni †Kvb †Kvb c×wZ AbymiY Kiv DwPZ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. `ÿ wbqš¿K nIqvi Rb¨ wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb I `ÿ wbqš¿Y †KŠkj †kLv Acwinvh©- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h †KŠkj ev c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i e¨e¯’vcK wbqš¿Y cÖwµqv Kvh©Ki K‡ib Zv‡K wbqš¿Y †KŠkj e‡j| L. †Kvb KvR ïiæ Kivi c~‡e© cwiKíbv Ki‡Z nq| Avi GB cwiKíbvi wfwË nj wbqš¿Y| wbqš¿Y Qvov cwiKíbv‡K ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq bv| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KZUzKz Kvh© m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q †m Z_¨ wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq| hw` †Kvb wePz¨wZ cvIqv hvq Z‡e wePz¨wZ ms‡kvab K‡i bZzb cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq| ZvQvov Kvh©Ki wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi d‡j fwel¨r my‡hvM-myweav m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| G my‡hvM-myweav we‡kølY K‡i cieZ©x cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| GRb¨ wbqš¿Y‡K cwiKíbvi wfwË ejv nq| M. cvIqvi †UK wjt Gi mdjZvi †ÿ‡Î wbqš¿Y †KŠk‡ji †h mKj c×wZ AbymiY Kiv DwPZ Zv nj Kvwh©K wbixÿv, ev‡RU Ges cvU©| cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i m¤úvw`Z Kvh©vewj wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU eûj e¨eüZ †KŠkj nj Kvwh©K wbixÿv| G c×wZ‡Z e¨e¯’vcK †Kv¤úvwbi wbqwgZ Kv‡h©i cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡ib| ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ hvPvB K‡ib Ges ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib| Avevi ev‡RUxq wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g GB cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv AR©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| ev‡RU n‡”Q cwiKíbvi msL¨vZ¥K iƒc| cwiKíbv‡K ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡j ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v _vKv `iKvi| ZvQvov cv‡U©i gva¨‡gI wbqš¿‡Yi mdjZv AR©b Kiv hvq| cvU© nj Kg©m~wP g~j¨vqb ms‡kvab †KŠkj| G c×wZ‡Z KvR¸‡jv‡K we›`y Øviv wPwýZ K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡Ri ïiæ I †kl mgq wba©viY I †iLvi gva¨‡g mshy³ Kiv nq| RwUj KvR¸‡jv‡K †gvUv‡iLv Øviv mshy³ K‡i we‡klfv‡e †`Lv nq| DcwiD³ wbqš¿Y †KŠk‡ji c×wZmg~n ev¯Íevqb n‡j cvIqvi †UK wjt Gi mdjZv AR©b m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| 161

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wbqš¿Y

N. `ÿ wbqš¿K nIqvi Rb¨ wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb I my`ÿ wbqš¿Y †KŠkj †kLv Acwinvh©| e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvq Ges ev¯ÍeZvi wbix‡L Dw³wU mZ¨ I h_v_©| DÏxc‡Ki ÔcvIqvi †UK wjtÕ Gi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK †njvj Zvi †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©wefvMmg~‡ni wbqš¿‡Y e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| Zvi G e¨_©Zvi cÖavb KviY nj cÖ‡Z¨K wefv‡M wb‡qvwRZ e¨e¯’vcK‡`i AÁZv I A`ÿZv| ZvB wZwb e¨e¯’vcK‡`i `ÿ K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Qb Ges G cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb I my`ÿ wbqš¿Y †KŠkj †kLv‡bvi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| A_©vr †Kv¤úvwbi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK G ¸iæZ¡ Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb †h, †Kvb Kv‡R mdjZv I `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡gB Zv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e †h Kv‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ Kx Ges Kxfv‡e mn‡RB †m KvR Kiv hv‡e| Avi G Rb¨B wZwb e¨e¯’vcK‡`i‡K wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ I †KŠkj wkwL‡q‡Qb| `ÿ wbqš¿Y †KŠkj wk‡L GKRb e¨e¯’vcK Zvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ me©vwaK djcÖ` wbqš¿Y †KŠkj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wbqš¿‡Yi e¨e¯’v myôz I Kvh©Kifv‡e ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, `ÿ wbqš¿K nIqvi Rb¨ wbqš¿‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb I my`ÿ wbqš¿Y †KŠkj †kLv Ab¯^xKvh©| Gi d‡j wbqš¿‡Yi mdj ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nq| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: ABC †Kv¤úvwbi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK bxjv †PŠayix cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x wbqš¿Y I jÿ¨ AR©‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU AvaywbK wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v cÖYqb Ki‡jb| KviY c~‡e© cÖwZôv‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvi wbqš¿Y cÖwµqv K‡Vvi bv nIqvq †`Lv †Mj †h Kg©xiv my‡hvM †c‡jB Kv‡R dvuwK †`q| d‡j cÖwZôv‡b bvbv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| ZvB AvaywbK G wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi d‡j Z¡wiZ wePz¨wZi cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡jb| (SESDP) K. †eªK-B‡f›U c‡q›U Kx? 1 L. wePz¨wZ wbY©q †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. ABC ‡Kv¤úvwbi Kg©x‡`i K‡Vvifv‡e wbqš¿Y Kivi d‡j cÖwZôv‡b Kx ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY `vI| 3 N. ABC †Kv¤úvwb‡Z AvaywbK wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vq Z¡wiZ wePz¨wZ cÖKv‡ki d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi Kx cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. †h cwigvY cY¨ weµq K‡ij †gvU weµq g~j¨ †gvU e¨‡qi mgvb nq Ges Gi d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi jvfI nq bv ÿwZI nq bv Giƒc Ae¯’v‡K †eªK-B‡fb c‡q›U e‡j| L. AwR©Z Kv‡Ri mv‡_ Av`k© gv‡bi Zzjbv K‡i †Kvb fyj ÎæwU _vK‡j wbY©q Kiv nq| 162

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wbqš¿Y

ÎæwU Lye mvgvb¨ n‡j †Zgb cwieZ©b bv K‡i KvR Ae¨vnZ ivLvi †Póv Kiv nq| e¨vcK wePz¨wZ †`Lv †M‡j ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| GRb¨ G ch©v‡q wePz¨wZi KviY wbY©q Kiv nq| M. wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vcbvi Kvh© cÖwµqvi me©‡kl avc| wbqš¿‡Yi g~j KvR n‡jv cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Kvh© m¤úvw`Z n‡”Q wKbv Zv cixÿv Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b ÎæwU ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g Kvh© m¤úv`‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv| GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q ABC †Kv¤úvwb Kg©x‡`i K‡Vvifv‡e wbqš¿Y bv Kiv †M‡j bvbviKg mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_gZ: Zviv my‡hvM †c‡j Kv‡R dvuwK w`‡e, c~e©-wba©vwiZ cwiKíbv, jÿ¨gvÎv, ixwZ-bxwZ BZ¨vw` ev¯Í‡e KZUzKz Kvh©Ki n‡e Zv wba©vi‡Y mgm¨v n‡e| wØZxqZ: myôy wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j bxjv †PŠayix e¨e¯’vcbvi wewfbœ Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| d‡j Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ mgZv AvbvI m¤¢e n‡e bv| hv jÿ¨ AR©b‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e| cwi‡k‡l †`Lv hvq †h, myôz wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j Kv‡Ri h_vh_ g~j¨vqb n‡e bv| Gi d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv AR©b Kiv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| N. Z¡wiZ wePz¨wZi d‡j me©cÖ_g ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| g~jZ: wePz¨wZ ej‡Z eySvq AwR©Z Kv‡Ri mv‡_ Av`k© gv‡bi Zzjbv K‡i †Kvb fyj ÎæwU _vK‡j wbY©q Kiv| wePz¨wZ wbY©q Kivi ci †m¸‡jv ms‡kva‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbvq †Kv‡bv ÎæwU _vK‡j Zv ms‡kvab, Aaxb¯’‡`i gv‡bvbœqb, Dcvq-DcKiYvw`i gv‡bvbœqb Ges cwiKíbvi ms‡kvab ev i`e`j BZ¨vw`i e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Kg©x‡`i ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ ev Ae‡njv `~ixKiY Kiv hvq| Kg©x‡`i gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwkÿY e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Kiv nq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, cwiKíbvi mwVK ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ `ÿ wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v Riæix| Z¡wiZ wePz¨wZi d‡j ms‡kvab g~jK e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: WªvMb d¨vkb wj. Pxbv †dweª‡·i RMG cY¨ •Zwi K‡i USA †Z weµq K‡i| 1995 mv‡ji Pxbv g‡W‡ji myBs †gwk‡b Zv‡`i Drcv`b Kg© P‡j| 2010 g‡W‡ji myBs †gwk‡b Gi Drcv`b wظY n‡e †R‡bI Zviv G ai‡bi †gwkb GL‡bv mshy³ K‡iwb| 2012 mv‡j Rvbyqvwi gv‡m WªvMb d¨vkb wj. 10 jvL GKK cY¨ weµq Kivi Uv‡M©U wb‡qwQj, wW‡m¤^i 2012 mv‡j weµ‡qi cwigvY wQj 4 jvL 30 nvRvi GKK| AvMvgx eQ‡i GB jÿ¨gvÎvi wePz¨wZ wbim‡b Zviv cÖwZôvbwUi `ye©j w`K¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Q| K. ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y Kx? L. e¨e¯’vcbvi me©‡kl KvR †KvbwU e¨vL¨v Ki| M. WªvMb d¨vkb wj. Gi 2012 mv‡j weµ‡qi wePz¨wZi nvi KZ? wbY©q Ki| N. DÏxc‡K D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Kxfv‡e wePz¨wZ `~i Kiv hv‡e? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 163

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wbqš¿Y

DËi: K. ev‡RUvix wbqš¿Y: ev‡R‡Ui Av‡jv‡K cÖK…Z Kvh©d‡ji Zzjbv K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi KvR‡KB ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y e‡j| L. e¨e¯’vcbvi me©‡kl KvR n‡jv wbqš¿Y| wbqš¿Y n‡jv Kx KvR m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Zv wba©vib Kiv, KZUzKz KvR m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges hw` cÖ‡qvRb c‡o Z‡e ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv, hv‡Z KvR cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK m¤úvw`Z nq| M. WªvMb d¨vkb wj. Gi cÖK…Z Drcv`‡bi wePz¨wZi cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡j cÖK…Z Kvh©dj cwigvc K‡i Av`k© gv‡bi m‡½ IB cÖK…Z dj Zzjbv K‡i wePz¨wZ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wb‡¤œ GB cwigvY wbY©q Kiv n‡jv: DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z_¨: 2012 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z Av`k© Uv‡M©U Kiv weµ‡qi cwigvY = 10 jvL GKK ev 10,00,000 GKK| 2012 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i cÖK…Z weµ‡qi cwigvY = 7 jvL 30 nvRvi GKK| 2012 G weµ‡qi wePz¨wZi cwigvY = (10,00,000-7,30,000) GKK = 2,70,000 GKK 10,00,000 GK‡K weµ‡qi wePz¨wZi cwigvY = 2,70,000 GKK Ó

 100

Ó

Ó

Ó

Ó

=

27000 GKK 1000000

Ó

Ó

Ó

Ó

=

270000100 1000000 GKK

= 27 GKK ev 27% myZivs WªvMb d¨vkb wj. Gi 2012 mv‡j weµ‡qi wePy¨wZi nvi 27%| N. DÏxc‡K D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Dcvq DcKi‡Yi gv‡bvbœqb Øviv ms‡kvab e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i wePz¨wZ wbimb Kiv hv‡e| wbqš¿‡Yi c`‡ÿ‡ci me©‡kl avc n‡jv ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY|KviY wePz¨wZi Kivi ci G ch©v‡q G‡m ms‡kvabg~jK c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z G j‡ÿ¨ Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i wb‡`©wkZ ÎæwZ wbimb, cÖwkÿY, Dcvq DcKiY gv‡bvbœqb cÖf„wZ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| DÏxc‡K WªvMb d¨vkb wj. 1995 mv‡ji g‡W‡ji myBs †gwkb e¨envi K‡i 2010 mv‡j bZzb g‡W‡ji †gwkb D™¢veb nIqvi ciI Zviv Zv ms‡hvRb K‡iwb, A_P G‡Z Zv‡`i Drcv`b wظY n‡Zv| bZzb Dcvq DcKiY ms‡hvRb bv Kivq Zv‡`i 27% weµq Uv‡M©U e¨vnZ nq| DcwiDwjøwLZ Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i G K_v ejv hvq †h, bZzb Dcvq DcKiY ms‡hvRb A_©vr 2010 mv‡ji g‡W‡ji myBs †gwkb ms‡hvRb ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡j WªvMb d¨vkb wj. wePz¨wZ `~i Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 164

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

wbqš¿Y

cÂ`k Aa¨vq: wbqš¿Y Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1| iƒcb Zvi Drcv`b BDwb‡Ui •ÎgvwmK Uv‡M©U 1000 GKK wba©viY K‡i cÖZ¨nB kªwgK Kg©x‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| fyj n‡j Zv ïaiv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l †`Lv †Mj, 800 GKK Drcv`b n‡q‡Q| ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv †Mj, mewKQz AbyK~j _vKvi ciI wKQz hš¿cvwZ G mg‡q weKj nIqvq h‡_ó kªg N›Uvi AcPq n‡q‡Q| ZvB cieZ©x 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ †gwkb †givg‡Zi GKUv we‡kl Kg©m~Px †bqv n‡jv| cieZ©x •ÎgvwmK Drcv`b Uv‡M©U wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q 1200 GKK| K. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi me©‡kl avc Kx? 1 L. ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wZb gvm c‡i Kvh©dj wcwigvc wbqš¿Y Kv‡Ri †Kvb •ewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. iƒc‡bi M„nxZ Kg©m~wP 1200 GKK Drcv`‡bi j¶¨gvÎv AR©‡bi mnvqK n‡e- G e³‡e¨i h_v_©Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4 2| 1. Kvh©dj cwigvc

2. wePz¨wZ wbiƒcb

3. wePz¨wZ g~j¨vqb

4. ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY

K. ev‡RU Kx? L. e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? M. Dc‡ii †iLvwPÎwU e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© e‡j g‡b Ki e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Dc‡ii †iLvwPÎwU Am¤ú~Y© Ges †m Kvi‡YB AKvh©Ki- G Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki|

1 2 3 4

3| wg. mvjgvb GKRb ¸Qv‡bv gvbyl| †f‡e-wP‡šÍ KvR K‡ib| cwiKíbv hv †bb †f‡e-wP‡šÍ †bb| cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Dcvq-DcKiY msnZ K‡ib| wb‡`©kbv †`b| Kg©x‡`i DrmvwnZ K‡ib| G‡Z wKQz Kivi ciI †k‡l G‡m †`‡Lb †h, †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv RvqMvq mgm¨v n‡q‡Q| d‡j cwiKíbv cy‡ivUv AwR©Z nqwb| wZwb mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ cieZ©x cwiKíbvq †mfv‡e Kvh©µg †bb| K. †Kvb KvR‡K cieZ©x cwiKíbvi wfwË ejv nq?

1 L. ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. mvjgvb †k‡l G‡m hv K‡i‡Qb Zv e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi †Kvb avc mswkøó e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D™¢yZ mgm¨v `~i Kivi Rb¨ cieZ©x cwiKíbvq Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 4| Rbve bv‡f` GKRb †QvU wkí gvwjK| wZwb wnmve K‡i Pj‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| ZvB eQ‡ii ïiæ‡ZB wZwb mevi mv‡_ civgk© K‡i mviv eQ‡i m¤¢ve¨ weµq KZ GKK n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi weµqg~j¨ KZ n‡e, LiP Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i- Gfv‡e m¤¢ve¨ Avq-e¨‡qi GKUv wnmve `vo Kivb| Qq gvm c‡i wZwb GKevi Zvi Avq I e¨q wnmve Abyhvqx n‡”Q Kxbv g~j¨vqb K‡i Kvh©‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvR‡b ms‡kvabx Av‡bb| eQi †k‡l †h‡q wZwb ev¯Í‡ei mv‡_ wnmve cwiKíbv wgjvb| c~e© †_‡K wnmve cwiKíbv _vKvq †KD AwaK LiP Ki‡Z fq cvq| wZwbI me mgqB Gi Dci bRi †i‡L Pj‡Z cv‡ib| K. wbqš¿‡Yi wfwË Kx? 1 L. wbqš¿Y ‡K †KY KvjvwšÍK KvR ejv nq ?

2 M. Rbve bv‡f` cÖwZôv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v AbymiY K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Rbve bv‡f‡`i M„nxZ e¨e¯’v Kvh©‡¶‡Î Avw_©K k„•Ljv cÖwZôvq f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q- Zzwg Kx G gZ mg_©b Ki hyw³ `vI| 4 165

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ wbqš¿Y 5| Rbve Av`bv‡bi Mv‡g©›Um-G 2011 mv‡j 1 j¶ GKK Drcv`‡bi j¶¨gvÎv wQj| wKš‘ we`y¨r mieivn ch©vß bv nIqvq 10% GKK Drcv`b j¶¨gvÎv AwR©Z nqwb| Kg©x‡`i AvšÍwiKZv Ges KvuPvgv‡ji ch©vß †hvMvb ZvKv m‡Ë¡I wZwb †µZv‡K mgqgZ gvj mieivn Ki‡Z e¨_© nb| ZvB wZwb e¨emv‡qi †jvKmv‡bi Avk¼vq wPwšÍZ| GgZve¯’vq wZwb Drcv`b e„w×i weKí wPšÍv Ki‡Qb| K. ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y Kx? 1 L. wbqš¿Y‡K †Kb cieZ©x cwiKíbvi wfwË ejv nq?

2 M. Av`bv‡bi Mv‡g©›Um G cÖK…Z Drcv`b KZ GKK n‡qwQj Zv †ei Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K †h wePz¨wZi cwigvc D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv `~ixKi‡Y Rbve Av`bv‡bi KiYxq we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| Rbve dR‡j iveŸx GKwU †Kvgj cvbxq Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi weµq wefv‡Mi cÖavb| cÖvwZôvwbK Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© MZ Avw_©K eQ‡i wZwb Zvi Aaxb¯’ 50 Rb weµq Kg©KZ©v‡K GKwU K‡i †mjyjvi †dvb Ges wej eve` cÖwZ gv‡m cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ 2,000 (`yB nvRvi) UvKv eivÏ K‡ib| G‡Z cÖwZôv‡bi Avw_©K k„•Ljv i¶v n‡jI gv‡S gv‡S eivÏK…Z A‡_© †dvb e¨q msKzjvb nq bv Ggb Kg©KZ©vMY weiƒc AvPiY cÖKvk K‡ib| K. wbqš¿Y Kx? 1 L. e¨e¯’vcbvq wbqš¿Y †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. Rbve dR‡j ivweŸ †dvb e¨q wbqš¿‡Y †Kvb †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K D™¢yZ cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejvi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kivv hvq e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 4 7| wg. mRj Ô†U· evsjv Mv‡g©›UmÕ- Gi Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcK| wZwb Zvi wefv‡Mi KvR‡K ÔwUg IqvK©Õ g‡b K‡i mve©¶wYK kªwgK‡`i cv‡k _vKvi †Pó K‡ib| wZwb cÖvqkB KviLvbvi wewfbœ †d¬v‡i Ny‡i Ny‡i Kg©x‡`i KvR †`Lv‡kvbv K‡ib Ges Kv‡R †Kvb ai‡bi ÎæwU †`L‡j Zv mv‡_ mv‡_B ms‡kvab K‡i †`b| G‡Z †cvkv‡Ki ¸YMZ gvb eRvq †i‡L wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Drcv`b KvR m¤úv`b Kiv †M‡jI †d¬vi BbPvR©MY Zv‡`i KZ©„Z¡ Le© nq g‡b K‡i wKQzUv gb¶zYœ nq| K. ev‡RUvwi wbqš¿Y Kx? 1 L. wbqš¿‡Yi †¶‡Î Kv‡Ri Av`k© gvb cÖwZôv Kiv †Kb cÖ‡qvRb? 2 M. wg. mR‡ji Kv‡Ri mv‡_ wbqš¿‡Yi †Kvb †KŠk‡ji wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. cÖvwZôvwbK fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ D³ cÖwZôv‡bi KiYxq m¤ú‡K© mycvwik Ki| 4 8| 2007 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi Ôdvwng j¨v¤úm wjtÕ eQ‡i 20,00,000 (wek j¶) GKK j¨v¤úm Drcv`‡bi j¶¨gvÎv wb‡q hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| MZ 5 (cvuP) eP‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Drcv`b wPÎ wbgœiƒcmvj Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (GKK) cv_©K¨ (GKK) 2007 12,00,000 (-) 8,00,000 2008 12,50,000 (-) 7,50,000 2009 14,00,000 (-) 6,00,000 2010 11,00,000 (-) 9,00,000 2011 10,00,000 (-) 10,00,000 K. wbqš¿Y Kx? 1 L. cwiKíbv‡K †Kb wbqš¿‡Yi wfwË ejv nq?

2 M. dvwng j¨v¤úm wjt -G Drcv`b wbqš¿‡Y Abym„Z †KŠkj †KvbwU? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq dvwng j¨v¤úm wjt Gi KiYxq m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| 4 166

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv †evW©) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1|

2|



3|

4|

5|



6| 7|

8|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYR¨?

K. gvQ Pvl L. iv¯Ív wbg©vY M. cY¨ cwienb  N. Kqjv D‡Ëvjb gvm‡jvi Pvwn`vZË¡ Abyhvqx PvKwii ¯’vwqZ¡ †Kvb ai‡bi Pvwn`vi AšÍM©Z? K. •RweK L. wbivcËv M. mvgvwRK N. AvZ¥Z…wß wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e¨emv‡qi cwiwa e„w× cvIqvq wg. AvdRvj Drcv`b, wecYb I wnmve wefv‡Mi R‡b¨ 3 Rb e¨e¯’vcK wb‡qvM K‡ib| G‡ZI Kvw•ÿZ dj bv Avmvq wZwb Drcv`b wefv‡M GKRb we‡klÁ e¨w³‡K Dc‡`óv wb‡qvM K‡ib| wg. AvdRv‡ji Drcv`b wefv‡M msMVb KvVv‡gv †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. KwgwU L. mij •iwLK M. Kvh©wfwËK N. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x  wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨emvq msMV‡bi †ÿ‡Î AvBbMZ AvbyôvwbKZv AwaK cvjb Ki‡Z nq?

K. GKgvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi M. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb N. cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb mvevjK nIqvi KZ gv‡mi g‡a¨ Askx`vi nIqv/bv nIqvi welqwU wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq?

K. 4 L. 5 M. 6  N. 7 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: myeªZ I Zvi eÜz GKwU eûZj feb wbg©v‡Yi R‡b¨ mgvb gybvdv †fv‡Mi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvwqK Pzw³ K‡ib| †Kvb g~jab mieivn bv Ki‡jI myeªZ-Gi GKK cwiPvjbvq wbg©vY KvR m¤úbœ nq| cÖPzi gybvdv AwR©Z nIqvq myeªZ GKm‡½ e¨emvqwU Pvwj‡q hvIqvi Aby‡iva Ki‡jI Zvi eÜz Am¤§wZ Rvwb‡q †`q| wg. myeªZ †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi?

K. mvaviY L. wbw®…q M. bvggvÎ N. Kg©x  Askx`vwi AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZôvbwUi Dchy³ we‡jvc mvab cÖwµqv †KvbwU? K. eva¨Zvg~jK L. NUbv mv‡c‡ÿ  M. weÁwß Øviv N. Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©‡k †Kv¤úvwbi g~j `wjj †KvbwU?

K. ¯§viKwjwc L. cwi‡gj wbqgvejx M. wbeÜb cÎ N. weeiY cÎ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: GK mgq Avgv‡`i †`‡k ÷K G·‡Pĸ‡jv‡Z ZvwjKvfy³ m`m¨‡`i msL¨v I †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY Kg wQj| ZLb †d¬vi‡K fvM bv K‡iB `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v Dcw¯’Z †eªvKvi‡`i mvg‡b †kqvimg~‡ni g~j¨ I ZvwjKv cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| †eªvKvi‡`i g‡a¨ `i KlvKwli gva¨‡g †kqvi µq-weµq n‡Zv| 9| DÏxc‡K †kqvi µq-weµ‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi c×wZi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K. Rwes L. KjIfvi  M. A‡Uv‡g‡UW Ab jvBb N. †UªwWs †cv÷ 10| cwiKíbvi msL¨vZ¥K cÖKvk †KvbwU? K. ev‡RU  L. jÿ¨ M. bxwZ N. cÖKí  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 1213bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. cvi‡fR I Zvi 5 eÜz GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK I cwiPvjK| m¤cÖwZ evRv‡i †kqvi weµ‡qi R‡b¨ Zviv cÖwZôvbwUi MVbMZ KvVv‡gv cwieZ©‡bi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| 11| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb?

K. cvewjK L. cÖvB‡fU M. †nvwìs N. mvewmwWqvix 12| evRv‡ii †kqvi wewµi R‡b¨ cÖwZôvbwU‡K  i. cwi‡gj wbqgvejx cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e ii. ÷K G·‡PÄ ZvwjKvfy³ n‡Z n‡e iii. wmwKDwiwU GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgk‡bi Aby‡gv`b wb‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 13| Askx`vwi AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi Kvievi cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv?

K. bvggvÎ L. mxwgZ M. cÖwZeÜ N. wbw¯…q 14| wØDcv`vb ZË¡ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi †Kvb gšÍe¨wU mwVK? K. Kvh© cwi‡ek n‡”Q GKwU cÖ‡Yv`bv `vbKvix Dcv`vb L. c‡`vbœwZ n‡”Q GKwU iÿYv‡eÿYKvix Dcv`vb

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

M. myôz Kvh© cwi‡ek Kg©x‡K †cÖwlZ Ki‡Z cv‡i  N. c‡`vbœwZi my‡hvM Kg©x‡K †cÖwlZ Ki‡Z cv‡i 15| mKj cwiKíbv wbf©i K‡i  i. fwel¨Z my‡hvM-myweav g~j¨vq‡bi Dci ii. A_© msMÖ‡ni Dci iii. Z_¨ msMÖn I g~j¨vq‡bi Dci wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 16| wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Av`vj‡Zi ZË¡veav‡b †Kv¤úvwbi we‡jvc N‡U? K. wewae× mfv Abyôv‡b e¨_©Zv L. m¤ú` msMÖn I weµ‡q Awbqg  M. AvBb Abyhvqx ch©vß m`m¨ bv _vKv N. 5000 UvKvi Dc‡i FY cwi‡kv‡a AÿgZv  wb‡Pi wPÎwU Avw`Z¡ B‡jKUªwbK-Gi GKwU c‡Y¨i erm‡i weµq I gybvdvi cwigvY wb‡`©k Ki‡Q:

21|

22|

23| 24|

weµq I gybvdv

weµq †iLv gybvdv †iLv

8

9



10 11 12

17| DÏxc‡K eZ©gv‡b cY¨wU RxebP‡µi †Kvb av‡c i‡q‡Q? K. c~Y©Zv L. cÖe„w× M. cZb N. Dbœqb 18| mgevq mwgwZ AvBbMZ wfwË jvf K‡i KLb? K. Kvh©viv‡¤¢i ci L. wbe܇bi ci  M. Dcwewa •Zwii ci N.e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi MV‡bi ci  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 19 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Avwe` I mvweZ `yB eÜz| Zviv GKB †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ Ges GKB cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡i| mgch©v‡qi c‡` Zviv h_vµ‡g 01/08/2001 Ges 03/08/2001 Zvwi‡L †hvM`vb K‡i| GKwU c` k~b¨ _vKvq cÖwZôvbwUi KY©avi Avwe`‡K c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi R‡b¨ GKRb EaŸ© Kg©KZ©vi ZË¡veav‡b Zv‡K b¨¯Í K‡i| 19| Avwe‡`i cÖwkÿY c×wZwU Kx wQj? K. Awa‡ekb L. ch©‡eÿY  M. wkÿvbexk N. c`veZ©b 20| cÖwZôvbwU‡Z mvweZ‡K c‡`vbœwZ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q 

168

25|

i. †Rô¨Zvi wfwˇZ ii. †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ iii. †Rô¨Zv I †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii kªg we‡klvq‡bi R‡b¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb bxwZUv Avek¨K? K. Kvh© wefvM  L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ M. PvKixi ¯’vwqZ¡ N. cvwikªwg‡Ki bxwZ RvZxq mgev‡qi m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i  i. cÖv_wgK mgevq mwgwZ ii. †K›`ªxq mgevq mwgwZ iii. RvZxq mgevq mwgwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii weÁvb e¨q P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q †K enb K‡ib?

K. Drcv`K L. cvBKvi M. LyPiv e¨emvqx N. †fv³v wb‡Pi †KvbwU XvKv ÷K G·‡P‡Äi †ÿ‡Î cÖwYavb‡hvM¨?

K. wmwKDwiwU GÛ G·‡PÄ A¨v± Abyhvqx MwVZ L. †jb‡`‡bi wb®úwËi wbKvkMi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i M. mivmwi †kqvi µq-weµq K‡i  N. GKwU cÖv_wgK evRvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 25  26bs DËi `vI: wm‡j‡U cvwievwiK RwgRgv _vKv m‡Ë¡I wg. iv‡k` ivOvgvwU‡Z Zuvi eÜz AiæY PvKgvi Rwg wjR wb‡q ¯’vbxq PvKgv m¤cÖ`v‡qi mnvqZvq njy` Pvl K‡ib Ges ch©vwqZKi‡Yi ci †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b mieivn K‡ib| wg. iv‡k‡`i e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? K. GK gvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi M. †Kv¤úvwb N. mgevq mwgwZ

26| cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb Dcv`vb we‡ePbvq wg. iv‡k` ivOvgvwU‡Z njy` Pv‡l DØy× n‡jb?

K. cÖvK…wZK L. A_©‣bwZK M. mvgvwRK  N. ivR‣bwZK 27| wb‡Pi †KvbwU miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb we‡klvwqZ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb?

K. evsjv‡`k dvBb¨vÝ GÛ Bb‡f÷g‡›U †Kvs wj.

L. b¨vkbvj nvDwRs dvBb¨vÝ Bb‡f÷‡g›U M. evsjv‡`k BÛªvw÷ªqvj dvBb¨vÝ †Kvs wjwg‡UW

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

N. e¨vsK Ae ¯’j BÛªvw÷ªR GÛ Kgvm© (†ewmK)  28| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †ÿ‡Î SyuwK eȇbi my‡hvM me‡P‡q mxwgZ? K. GK gvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi M. mgevq N. †h․_ g~jabx  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 2930 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wcqvi‡jm †dweª· wj. GKwU kZfvM ißvbxgyLx †cvkvK •Zwii KviLvbv| •e‡`wkK Pvwn`vi Ici wbf©i K‡i 2010 †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ Zuviv Zv‡`i Drcv`b cwiKíbv •Zwi K‡ib| wKšÍy 2012 mv‡j †KvUv cÖeZ©‡bi d‡j Pxb I wf‡qZbv‡gi mv‡_ cvjv †`Iqvi R‡b¨ 2012 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m Zuv‡`i cwiKíbvwU cybtg~j¨vq‡bi ci bZzb †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡i Drcv`b KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡jb| 29| 2010 mv‡j cÖwYZ wcqvi‡jm †dweª· wjwg‡UW Gi ewY©Z cwiKíbvwU n‡jv  i. ¯^í †gqv`x ii. ga¨ †gqv`x iii. `xN© †gqv`x wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. iii N. i, ii I iii 30| wb‡gœi †Kvb •ewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y wcqvi‡jÝ †dweª· wjwg‡UW Zv‡`i cwiKíbv cybt g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q? K. mnR‡eva¨Zv L. bgbxqZv  M. wgZe¨wqZv N. ev¯ÍevbyqxZv 31| Kg©x‡`i Kvh© m¤úv`‡b me©vwaK ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i †Kvb ai‡bi †bZ…Z¡?

K. Kg©x †Kw›`ªK L. MYZvwš¿K M. jvMvgnxb  N. wcZ…Z¡myjf 32| wb‡Pi †Kvb msMVb KvVv‡bvi ¯’vqxZ¡ me‡P‡q Kg? K. KwgwU  L. mij‣iwLK M. Kvh©wfwËK N. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’Kg©x  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3334 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †kvjvwKqv MÖv‡gi Pvwliv mewRi fvj `vg cvIqvi R‡b¨ GKwU mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡ib| wb‡RivB mewR evRv‡i wewµ K‡i| PjwZ eQ‡i Zv‡`i gybvdvi cwigvY 1,00,000 UvKv| Zviv gybvdvi

UvKvUv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb Ki‡Z Pvq| 33| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ mgevq mwgwZwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. †fv³v L. Drcv`KM. wecYb N. eûgyLx 34| DÏxc‡K msMVbwU PjwZ eQ‡i gybvdvi m‡e©v”P KZ cwigvY A_© wb‡R‡`i eÈb Ki‡Z cvi‡e?

K. 1,00,000 UvKv L. 95,000 UvKv M. 85,000 UvKv N. 80,000 UvKv  35| wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbqš¿‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨?

K. AcPq n«vm L. `ÿZv M. Revew`wnZv wbwðZKiY N. ¸YMZgvb wbwðZKiY 36| RvnvR KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †_‡K Pvjvbx iwk` msMÖ‡ni R‡b¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb `wjjwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©?

K. KuvPv iwk`  L. cÖZ¨q cÎ M. AvMvg cÎ N. digv‡qk cÎ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 37bs DËi `vI: cÖKí Kg©KZ©v Rbve Kvgvj Zvi cÖK‡í wbg©vYvaxb feb cwi`k©‡b wM‡q mve BwÄwbqv‡`i KvR ch©‡eÿY Ki‡jb Ges c~e© wba©vwiZ bKkvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Zzjbv Ki‡jb| 37| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve Kvgv‡ji KvRwU e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri Ask? K. wb‡`©kbv L. wbqš¿Y M. mgš^q N. †cÖlYv 38| wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿÎwU‡Z civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbvi cÖfve †bwZevPK? K. Kv‡Ri Drmvn L. Av¯’v I wek¦vm M. Kgx©i g‡bvej N. †MvcbxqZv iÿv 39| `vwqZ¡ I ÿgZvi wfwˇZ GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©iZ Kg©x‡`i cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Kx e‡j?

K. Kg©xms¯’vb L. msMVb M. †cÖlYv N. wb‡`©kbv 40| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?

K. cwienb  L. ¸`vgRvZKiY M. weÁvcb N. cÖwgZKiY

169

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (ewikvj †evW©) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1|

2|

3|



4| 5|

6|

7|

†Kvb e¨emv‡q me‡P‡q `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY I ev¯Íevqb myweav we`¨gvb?

K. GKgvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi M. †h․_g~jabx N. ivóªxq evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mv‡ji AvBb Øvv Askx`vi e¨emvq MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq?

K. 1913 L. 1932 M. 1994 N. 2001 e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv  i. cÖv_wgK mgevq mwgwZ ii. †K›`ªxq mgevq mwgwZ iii. RvZxq mgevq mwgwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 4  5bs DËi `vI: h`y I gay `yRbB grm¨Rxwe| h`y b`x‡Z gvQ wkKvi K‡i evRv‡i weµq K‡i Ges gay wb‡Ri cyKzimn cv‡ki evoxi 2wU cyKzi wjR wb‡q gvQ Pvl K‡i Zv evRv‡i weµq K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i| AvRKvj b`x‡Z ch©vß gvQ bv cvIqvq b`x‡Z gvQ aivi cvkvcvwk h`y MÖvgxY e¨vsK †_‡K 25,000 UvKv FY wb‡q GKwU nuvm-gyiMxi Lvgvi ¯’vcb Kij| †mLv‡b Zviv ¯¿x Zv‡K mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| h`y cÖ_g †ckv †Kvb wk‡íi AšÍM©Z? K. cÖRbb L. wb®‥vkb M. †h․wMK N. †mev wkí h`yi cieZ©x †ckv †Kvb wk‡íi g‡a¨ c‡o?

K. cÖRbb I wb®‥vkb  L. cÖRbb I †h․wMK M. wb®‥vkb I †h․wMK N. wb®‥vkb I ms‡hvRb †Kvb `wjj‡K †Kv¤úvwbi R‡b¥i QvocÎ ejv nq?

K. ¯§viKwjwc L. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj M. wbeÜb cÎ  N. Kvh©vi‡¤¢i AbygwZ cÎ GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi AwbwðZ ¯’vwq‡Z¡i R‡b¨ `vqx i. mxwgZ Kg©`ÿZv ii. gvwj‡Ki B”Qv Awb”Qv

170

8|



9|

10|

11|

12|

13| 

iii. mxwgZ cyuwR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii GKwU †`‡ki mvwe©K AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ e¨emv‡qi †Kvb cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb?

K. †f․‡MvwjK L. A_©‣bwZK M. mvgvwRK N. ivR‣bwZK  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 9  10 bs DËi `vI: X I Y GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi gvwjK| X g~jab wewb‡qvM I e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡jI Y Zvi wKQzB K‡iwb Z‡e Zvi mybvg e¨env‡ii AbygwZ †`q| cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv g~jab msMÖ‡ni R‡b¨ Z †K e¨emvq Askx`vi wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z PvB‡j Z e¨emv‡q 10,000 UvKv g~jab w`‡q cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY bv Kivi k‡Z© Askx`vi wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb Kij| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ Y †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi?

K. mvaviY L. wbw®…q M. bvggvÎ  N. AvcvZ `„wó‡Z DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ Z †K †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi ejv nq?

K. bvggvÎ L. NygšÍ M. AvPi‡Y AbywgZ N.cÖwZeÜ †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi Kviv µq K‡i?

K. Kg©PvixMY L. e¨e¯’vcKMY M. RbMY N. cwiPvjKMY  mgevq mwgwZi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv  K. gybvdv AR©b L. m`m¨‡`i Kj¨vY M. mgvRKj¨vY N. miKvi‡K mnvqZv `vb ga¨‡gqv`x F‡Yi †gqv` Kvj KZ eQi? K. 12 L. 13 M. 14 N. 15  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14  15bs DËi `vI: cv‡fj I Zvi QvÎRxe‡bi 30 eÜz wg‡j wbeÜbcÎ

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

14|

15|

16|



17|

18|

19|

20|

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

msMÖn K‡i MZ wZb eQi hveZ GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Pvjv‡”Q| AwaK gybvdv AR©‡bi R‡b¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi m¤¢vebv _vK‡jI AvBwb RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y g~jab msMÖn Kiv hv‡”Q bv| ZvB Zviv h_vh_ AvBbx cÖwµqvq e¨emv‡qi gvwjKvbvi aib cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q hv‡Z mvaviY RbMY‡K †kqvi µ‡qi Avnevb Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e| cv‡fj‡`i cÖ_g w`‡Ki e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj? K. Askx`vwi L. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb  M. cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb N. †h․_ D‡`¨vM gvwjKvbvi aib cwieZ©‡bi R‡b¨ Zv‡`i‡K hv Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q i. we‡kl cÖ¯Íve MÖnY ii. weeiY cÎ †ck iii. bvg ms‡kvab wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨emv‡qi ¯^í‡gqv`x A_©ms¯’v‡bi Drm ewnf~©Z? K. †`kxq gnvRb L. e¨emvq FY M. wkí e¨vsK  N. AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17  18bs DËi `vI: Kvwkcyi MÖv‡gi 30 Rb mewR Pvlx wg‡j GKwU mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i‡Q hv‡Z Zviv DcKiY msMÖn, Drcvw`Z mewRi b¨vh¨ g~j¨ wbwðZKiY I `yw`©‡b mwgwZ †_‡K FY MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| D³ mwgwZ 2011 mv‡j 2,00,000 UvKv gybvdv AR©b K‡i‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki D‡jwLZ msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq msMVb? K. Drcv`K L. †fv³v M. wgkª N. eûgyLx  DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq msMVb? K. 1,40,000 L. 1,60,000  M. 1,80,000 N. 2,00,000 eZ©gvbKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †kqvi gv‡K©‡U †jb‡`‡b †Kvb c×wZ e¨üZ nq?

K. Kj Ifvi L. †UªwWs †cv÷ M. A‡Uv‡g‡UW Ab jvBb  N. Rwes c‡Y¨i eÈb cÖYvjx wba©vi‡Y we‡eP¨ n‡jv  i. GKK cÖwZ g~j¨ ii. c‡Y¨i IRb

21|



22|

23|



24|

25|

26| 

171

iii. c‡Y¨i cPbkxjZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii evsjv‡`‡ki evUv my †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi LyPiv e¨emv‡qi D`vniY? K. AwawecwY L. mshy³wecwY M. eûkvLvwecwY  N. wefvMxqwecYx wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: GKRb kªgRxex gvbyl cÖZ¨n Pvj, Wvj I wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm wK‡b| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ cY¨¸‡jv †Kvb †kªwYfy³?

K. Avek¨K L. Riæwi M. †jvfbxq N. kwcs RvnvR ev Rvnv‡Ri Ask Zvovi R‡b¨ †h Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. †b․fvUKcÎ  L. Pvjvwb iwm` M. AvMvgcÎ N. cÖfe‡jL wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †gmvm© Rbmb GÈvicÖvBR Pxb †_‡K 100 Ub imyb I 50 Ub Av`v Avg`vwb K‡i‡Q| D³ gvjvgvj PÆMÖvg e›`i †_‡K Qvov‡bvi Kv‡R mnvqZvi R‡b¨ †gmvm© Zby GÈvicÖvBR‡K wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ Zby GÈvicÖvBR‡K ejv nq  i. cvi‡kvbvj G‡RÈ ii. d‡ivqvwWs G‡RÈ iii. wK¬qvwis G‡RÈ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii  N. ii I iii AvaywbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? K. †nbwi †dIj  L. ievU© I‡qb M. GjUb †g‡qv N. Gd.Wj¦y, †Uji wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯’vqx cwiKíbvi ewnf~©Z? K. cÖKí L. cÖwµqv M. bxwZ N. †K․kj wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 2728bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. Rvgvb cÙvdzW GÈvicÖvB‡Ri gvwjK| m¤cÖwZ e¨emv‡qi cwiwa e„w× cvIqvq wZwb Drcv`b, weµq I wnmve wefv‡Mi R‡b¨ GKRb K‡i `ÿ e¨e¯’vcK wb‡qvM w`‡jb| wKšÍy Zv‡Z Kvw•ÿZ dj bv Avmvq Drcv`b I weµq wefv‡M Av‡iv `yBRb we‡klÁ e¨w³‡K Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡jb|

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

27| wg. Rvgv‡bi cÖ_g c`‡ÿc e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZi AšÍfy©³?

K. Av‡`‡ki HK¨ L. wb‡`©‡ki HK¨ M. Kvh©wefvRb  N. wbqgvbyewZ©Zv 28| eZ©gv‡b cÙvdzW GÈvicÖvB‡Ri msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb? K. mij •iwLK L. Kg©wfwËK M. KwgwU N. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’Kg©x  29| cwiw¯’wZ †gvZv‡eK cwiKíbvi cwieZ©b †hvM¨Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv L. ev¯Íevqb †hvM¨Zv M. fwel¨Z gyLxZv N. bgbxqZv  30| †Kvb ai‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi R‡b¨ ¯’vqx cwiKíbv •Zwi nq?

K. mvaviY L. AmvaviY M. GKKvwjb N. cybive„wËg~jK  31| DËi wb‡`k©bvi •ewkó¨ nj  i. †h․w³KZv ii. ¯úóZv iii. bgbxqZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 32| c~e© wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri Zzjbv wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mv‡_ m¤ú„³?

K. wbqš¿Y L. wb‡`©kbv M. msMVb N. cwiKíbv  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3334 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: cjvk GÛ †Kvs-G GKRb weµq e¨e¯’vc‡Ki c` duvKv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi wfZ‡i A‡b‡KB G c‡`i cÖZ¨vkx| Kv‡Ri mvdj¨ we‡ePbv K‡i wg. Rvgvb‡K weµq e¨e¯’vcK c‡` evQvB Kiv n‡jv| 33| DÏxc‡Ki weµq e¨e¯’vcK evQvB KwgwUi wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mv‡_ m¤ú„³?

K. Kg©x msMÖn L. Kg©x Dbœqb M. Kg©x wb‡qvM N. wbe©vPb 

34| wg. Rvgvb‡K weµq e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`qvq cÖwZôvbwU †h myweav cv‡e  i. Aa¯Íbiv †hvM¨Zv cÖ`k©‡b m‡Pó n‡e ii. wg. Rvgvb‡K Av‡Mi †eZb w`‡jB Pj‡e iii. cÖwZôvbwUi cÖwkÿY e¨q mvkªq n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 35| e¨e¯’vcbv P‡µ wbqš¿‡Yi cieZ©x KvR †KvbwU? K. mgš^q L. wb‡`©kbv M. cwiKíbv  N. msMVb 36| gvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb Z‡Ë¡i PZz_© †mvcvb †KvbwU? K. mvgvwRK Pvwn`v L. AvZ¥Z…wßi Pvwn`v  M. •RweK Pvwn`v N. AvZ¥c~Y©Zvi Pvwn`v  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3738 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. nvw` GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcK| wZwb Zvi cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi mgq Zv ev¯ÍevqbKvix‡`i wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Kivi R‡b¨ we‡kl †Póv K‡ib| GRb¨ wZwb AskMÖnYc~e©K e¨e¯’vcbvi Ici ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib| 37| wg. nvw`i cwiKíbv Kv‡`i Øviv MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cvq?

K. cwiPvjbv cl©` L. Dc‡`óvgÐjx M. e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK N. Kg©xevwnbx  38| wg. nvw`i Drcv`b wefv‡M †Kvb ai‡bi †bZ…Z¡ cwijwÿZ nq?

K. •¯^iZvwš¿K L. MYZvwš¿K  M. Kg©‡Kw›`ªK N. Kg©x †Kw›`ªK 39| GKvwaK cY¨ Drcv`bKvix D”P cÖhyw³m¤úbœ e„n`vqZb cÖwZôv‡bi R‡b¨ †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb KvVv‡gv Dc‡hvMx? K. mij‣iwLK L. Kvh©wfwËK M. KwgwU N. †gwUª·  40| msMV‡b Kg©xevwnbx‡K Kv‡R Drmvn DÏxcbv `vb cÖwµqv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. msMVb L.mgš^q M. †cÖlYv N. wbqš¿Y

172

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (ivRDK g‡Wj K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1| 2|

3|

4|

5|

6|

7|

8|

wb‡gœi †Kvb †kvab wkí †_‡K cvIqv hvq?

K. mvevb L. †K‡ivwmb M. grm¨ N. KvV AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ e¨emv‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ c‡o?

K. A_©‣bwZK L. mvgvwRK M. AvBbMZ N. ivR‣bwZK cwiKíbv Kx? K. KvíwbK cÖwµqv L. AšÍgy©Lx cÖwµqv M. gbb-wPšÍb cÖwµqv  N. evwn¨K cÖwµqv `vq-`vwq‡Z¡i we‡ePbvq †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvqwU m‡e©vËg?

K. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb  L. Askx`vwi e¨emvq M. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq N. mgevq mwgwZ iæ‡ej bv‡g GKRb Kg©x GKRb mn‡hvwMZv g‡bvfvevcbœ I eÜzmyjf KZ©vi Aax‡b KvR Ki‡Z Pvq| gvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb ZË¡ Abyhvqx G‡ÿ‡Î iæ‡ej Kx ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe Ki‡Q? K. wbivcËv msµvšÍ  L. mvgvwRK M. AvZ¥m¤§vb msµvšÍ N. AvZ¥Zzwó msµvšÍ bxwZwUi A_© n‡”Q cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Kvh©vewj GKwU gvÎ cwiKíbv I j‡ÿ¨i Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ nIqv DwPZ| K. Av‡`‡ki HK¨ L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨  M. ¯‥¨vjvi †PBb N. k„•Ljv AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡R¨ gvwjKvbvi `wjj n‡jv  K. PvU©vi cvwU© L. wewbgq wej M. †jUvi Ae †µwWU N. enbcÎ  †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi wbeÜb eva¨Zvg~jK? i. Askx`vwi e¨emvq ii. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb iii. mgevq m¤úwË

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii M. ii I iii  N. i, ii I iii 9|

10| †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i msL¨v AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L g~jab e„w× m¤¢e †h ai‡bi †kqvi Bmy¨i gva¨‡g Zv n‡jv i. AwaKvi‡hvM¨ †kqvi ii. †evbvm †kqvi iii. mvaviY †kqvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 

11| 12|

13|

14|

173

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cwiKíbv‡K ejv nq GK ai‡bi  K. cÖwµqv L. †K․kj M. bxwZ N. c×wZ

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 1112bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Avwei iƒcv †U·UvB‡ji 10 UvKv g~j¨gv‡bi †kqvi 10 UvKv wcÖwgqvgmn cÖwZwU 20 UvKvi 500 UvKv †kqvi µq K‡ib| iƒcv †U·UvBj †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb?

K. cvewjKL. cÖvB‡fU M. †nvwì N. mvewmwWqvwi Rbve Avwe‡ii `vq KZ UvKv ch©šÍ mxgve×?

K. 5,000 UvKv L. 10,000 UvKv  M. 50,000 UvKv N. 1,00,000 UvKv e¨vswKs e¨emvq ewnf~©Z Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb? K. 50 L. 20 M. 10 N. 2 †kqvi gv‡K©U n‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi A_© msMÖn Kiv nq?

K. ¯^í‡gqvw` L. ga¨‡gqvw` M. `xN©‡gqvw`  N. ga¨ I `xN©‡gqvw`

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

15| Ô†kvwlZ‡`i `~M©Õ ejv nq †Kvb e¨emvq msMVb‡K? K. mgevq  L. †Kv¤úvwb M. Askx`vwi N. GKgvwjKvbv 16| †gmvm© †P․ayix G¨vÛ †Kvs wKQy Kg©x‡K †R¨ô‡Z¡i wfwˇZ c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`vb Kij| GwU wb‡gœi †KvbwUi AvIZvfy³?

K. †K․kj L. bxwZ M. c×wZ N. cÖwµqv 17| †Kvb RvnvRx `wjj ï®‥ cwi‡kv‡ai mv‡_ mswkó?

K. wewbgq wej L. enbcÎ M. Pvjvb N.cÖfe †jL 18| cÖkvm‡bi ürwcÛ n‡jv  K. cwiKíbv M. wb‡`©kbv 

L. Kg©xms¯’vb N. msMVb

19| †Kvb `„wó‡KvY n‡Z GKgvwjKvbv I Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb?

K. wm×všÍ MÖnY L. `vq M. gybvdv eÈb N. Kiv‡ivc 20| †KvbwU Abvw_©K †cÖlYv ewnf~©Z? K. e¨w³MZ cÖfve L. PvKwii wbivcËv M. mvgvwRK gh©v`v N. c‡`vbœwZ  21| †h Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i gvwjKvbv cwieZ©b nq Zv n‡jvi. µq ii. weµq iii. Drcv`b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: dj we‡µZv wg. ivwKe Zvi †`vKv‡bi dj¸‡jv‡K Ggbfv‡e mvRvb hv‡Z †µZviv mn‡RB AvK…ó nq| 22| †µZv‡K AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ wg. ivwKe †Kvb †K․kj e¨envi K‡ib?

K. wefvMxKiY  L. cÖwgZKiY M. †`vKvb m¾vKiY N. weÁvcb 23| wkí-KviLvbvq eR©¨ †kvabvMvi †K›`ª ¯’vcb e¨emv‡qi †Kvb ai‡bi cwi‡e‡ki AšÍM©Z? K. AvBbMZ  L. ivR‣bwZK M. mvgvwRK N. A_©‣bwZK

174

24| F.W. Taylor cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv msMV‡bi K_v D‡jL K‡i‡Qb? K. mij‣iwLK L. mij‣iwLK I Dc‡`óv M. Kvh©wfwËK  N. KwgwU 25| wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Kg©xi Kvh©`ÿZv I mvg_©¨ e„w× cvq?

K. mgš^q mvabL. †cÖlYv M. wbqš¿YN. cÖwkÿY 26| wbqš¿Y †h †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv n‡jv  i. k„•Ljv weavb ii. mnR KZ©„Z¡ Ac©Y iii. cwiKíbvi `ªæZ ev¯Íevqb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 27| wg. wknve †gmvm© kvnxb †UªwWs G¨vÛ †Kvs-Gi GKRb wewb‡qvMKvix| wZwb we‡`‡k Ae¯’vb K‡ib| wKšÍy dv‡g©i e¨e¯’vcbvi •`bw›`b cwiPvjbvq wZwb AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi iv‡Lb| wg. wknve †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi?

K. wbw®…q Askx`vi  L. mvaviY Askx`vi M. Kg©x Askx`vi N. bvggvÎ Askx`vi 28| cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g †h cÖwµqvi m~ÎcvZ N‡Ugva¨‡g mgvß nq| K. wbqš¿Y  M. wi‡cvU© cÖ`vb

L. Kvh© m¤úv`b N. wb‡`©kbv

29| †h KvRwU Kg©xms¯’vb cÖwµqvi AšÍfy©³ Zv n‡jv  i. c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`vb ii. Kg©x msMÖn iii. Kg©x g~j¨vqb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 30| wb‡Pi †Kvb Rb ewYK ga¨¯’ Kvievix wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ? K. `vjvj L. cvBKvi  M. Kwgkb G‡R›U N. cY¨ cÖvcK 31| †µZviv c~e© cwiKíbv Abyhvqx `vg I ¸Yv¸Y hvPvB K‡i wK‡b _v‡K  K. kwcs cY¨

L. †jvfbxq cY¨

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ M. wewkó cY¨ 

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  36| cyuwR evRv‡ii bxwZ wba©viK †K? K. A_©-gš¿Yvjq L. ÷K G·‡PÄ M. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N. Gm.B.wm.  37| mgev‡qi e¨e¯’vcbv I cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqg-Kvbyb †jLv

N. Avek¨K cY¨

32| wc.Gm.AvB. Gi c~Y© kã n‡jv  K. wcÖ-mvwf©m Bg‡cvU© L.wcÖ-mvwf©m B݇cKkb M. wcÖ-wm‡÷g Bg‡cvU© N. wcÖ-wkc‡gÈ B݇cKkb 33| bZzb †kqvi µq-weµ‡qi evRvi‡K ejv nq  i. cÖv_wgK evRvi ii. gva¨wgK evRvi iii. cyuwR evRvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3435bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: XvKvi DËivq BDmyd mv‡n‡ei 5 KvVvi GKwU cU Av‡Q| evwo Kivi Sv‡gjv Gov‡Z wZwb wewfbœ †W‡fjcvi †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi ci Ô†`k cÖcvwU© wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbiÕ mv‡_ evwo wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ Pzw³e× nb| 34| DÏxc‡K cwiKíbvi †Kvb •ewkó¨‡K me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q? K. bgbxqZv L. wbiew”QbœZv M. Z_¨wbf©iZv N. DËg weKí  35| BDmyd mv‡n‡ei evwo wbg©v‡Yi wm×v‡šÍi †ÿ‡Î  i. fwel¨r my‡hvM-myweav g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb ii. wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn I we‡klY K‡i‡Qb iii. weKí g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb

175

_v‡K  K. mgevq Dcwewa‡Z L. ¯§viKwjwc‡Z M. mgevq Aa¨v‡`k N. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj‡Z 38| RvnvR e›`‡i †cu․Qvi ci Avg`vwbKvix c‡Y¨i c~Y© weeiY w`‡q ï®‥ KZ©„c‡ÿi Kv‡Q †h cÎ †ck K‡i Zv n‡jv  K. enbcÎ L. AvMvgcÎ  M. bgybv Pvjvb N. GK iwk` 39| Ôe¨e¯’vcbv GKwU me©Rbxb welqÕ G K_vwU †K e‡j‡Qb? K. †nbwi †dqj L. m‡µwUm  M. Gd.WvweD †UBji N. ievU©I‡qb 40| wk‡íi cÖavb KvR n‡”Q  K. iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv  L. ¯’vbMZ evab `~i Kiv M. Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv N. A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (wfKviæbwbmv byb ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1|

2|

3|

4| 5|



6|

7|

e¨emv‡qi †MvcbxqZv iÿv m¤¢e †Kvb e¨emv‡q?

K. GKgvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi M. †h․_g~jabx N. mgevq msMVb •eÁvwbK e¨e¯’vcbvi D™¢veb K‡ib †K? K. ievU© I‡qb L. wbDg¨vb M. Gd.WweD †Uji  N. †nbwi †dIj Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi eva¨Zvg~jK we‡jvcmvab N‡U wKfv‡e?

K. †Kv‡bv Askx`vi cvMj n‡j L. †Kv‡bv Askx`vi gviv †M‡j M. GKRb Qvov me Askx`vi †`Dwjqv n‡j  N. †Kv‡bv Askx`vi A‣ea Kv‡R wjß n‡j µq-weµq †Kvb ai‡bi euvav `~i K‡i?

K. iƒcMZ L. ¯’vbMZ M. KvjMZ N. ¯^Z¡MZ †Kb cÖZ¨qcÎ †Lvjv nq? i. ißvwbKvi‡Ki g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZvi Rb¨ ii. Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZvi Rb¨ iii. •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 6-7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K·evRvi kn‡ii ivLvBb cjxi KwZcq ZuvZx mgAwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq MVb K‡i| PÆMÖvg kni †_‡K myZv, is µq K‡I jyw½, Pv`i, MvgQv •Zwi K‡i Zv‡`i weµq †K‡›`ªi gva¨‡g weµq K‡i| Zviv mw¤§wjZ Puv`vi gva¨‡g m„ó Znwej †_‡K cvjvµ‡g FY †bq| Gfv‡e Zviv ZuvZ e¨emvq‡K wUwK‡q †i‡L‡Q| DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? K. e¨emvq †RvU L. Askx`vwi M. mgevq mwgwZ N. †h․_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb DÏxc‡K D‡jwLZ e¨emvq n‡Z cÖvß myweav¸‡jv n‡”Q  i. myjf g~‡j¨ DcKiY µq ii. Dchy³ g~‡j¨ Drcvw`Z mvgMÖx weµq

176

8|

9|

10|

11|

12|

13|



14|

iii. A_© ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Kx? K. gybvdv AR©b L. A‡_©I wnmve msiÿY M. Avw_©K †jb‡`b I wnmve wb®úwË N. g~jab msMÖn I Gi Kvg¨ e¨envi  †KvbwU cÖZ¨ÿ †mevi D`vniY? K. IKvjwZ Kiv  L. `vZe¨ wPwKrmvj‡qi †mev `vb M. RbKj¨vYg~jK KvR Kiv N. kxZvZ©‡`i e¯¿ `vb Kiv wb‡Pi †Kvb †cÖlYv `v‡bi Abvw_©K Dcv‡qi g‡a¨ c‡o?

K. †eZb L. †evbvm M. evm¯’vb myweav N. PvKwii wbðqZv  wb‡Pi †KvbwU Av`k© †bZvi ¸Yvewji ewn©f~Z? K. AwZ Drmvn L. `„p g‡bvej M. AvšÍwiKZv N. SzuwK MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨emv‡qi •ewkó¨?

K. µq-weµq L. Drcv`b I eÈb M. cÖwgZKiY I ch©vwqZKiY N. SuywK I AwbðqZv †KvbwU †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ `wjj?

K. weeiYcÎ L. ms¯‥viK M. msNwewa  N. wbeÜbcÎ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14  15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Mv‡g©›Um gvwjK mwdK mv‡ne Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`b Kvh©vewj m¤ú‡K© †ek g‡bv‡hvMx| Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ KvR _vKv m‡Ë¡I cÖwZw`bB wZwb Mv‡g©ÝwU cwi`k©‡b Av‡mb Ges fvicÖvß e¨e¯’vc‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Kv‡h©i weeiYx m¤ú‡K© aviYv †bb| mwdK mv‡n‡ei G KvR‡K Kx ejv hvq?

K. wbqš¿‡Yi cÖwµqv L. wbqš¿‡Yi †K․kj  M. wbqš¿‡Yi •ewkó¨ N. wbqš¿‡Yi ch©‡eÿY

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

15| wZwb Zvi Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q †h welq m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nb Zv n‡jv  i. Drcv`‡bi cwigvY ii. Kg©x‡`i Kv‡Ri gvb iii.Kgx©‡`i Kv‡Ri MwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 16| e¨e¯’vcbvi mKj Kv‡Ri wfwË †KvbwU? K. msMVb L. cwiKíbv M. †bZ…Z¡ N. wbqš¿Y 17| †KvbwU e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb cÖwµqvi ewnf~©Z? K. A_© msMÖn L. A_© msiÿY M. A_© wewb‡qvM N. wnmve msiÿY 18| †Kvb msMV‡bi wbe©vnx‡`i cvkvcvwk we‡klÁ Kg©x KvR K‡i?

K. mij‣iwLK L. mij •iwLK I Dc‡`óv Kg©x M. Kvh©wfwËK N. KwgwU 19| c‡Y¨i Pvwn`vi Ici wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i?

K. c‡Y¨i g~j¨ L. c‡Y¨i PvKwPK¨ M. c‡Y¨i ¯’vwqZ¡ N. c‡Y¨i †gvoKxKiY 20| †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb‡K eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e wewae× mfv Abyôvb Ki‡Z nq?

K. †nvwìs L. mvewmwWqvix M. cÖvB‡fU N. cvewjK 21| mgevq msMVb wbe܇bi Rb¨ cÖYxZ g~j `wjj‡K Kx e‡j?

K. wewagvjv L. Dcwewa M. msN¯§viK N. msNwewa 22| wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi myweav ewnf~©Z? K. ¯^í cyuwRi e¨emvq L. wnmve-wbKv‡ki myweav M. †MvcbxqZv iÿv N. Rbms‡hvM myweav 23| Kg©x msMÖ‡ni D‡Ïk¨ Kx? K. Kg©x‡`i `ÿZv hvPvB L.wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi mgš^q M. †hvM¨ Kgx© Lyu‡R †ei Kiv N. cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x wb‡qvM  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24  25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve kwdK mv‡ne Ò†ivR wm‡g›U wjwg‡UWÓ †Kv¤úvwbi evRviRvZKiY e¨e¯’vcK| Zv‡`i †Kv¤úvwbi Drcvw`Z wm‡g›U e¨enviKvix‡`i wbKU †cu․Qv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb KvR K‡ib|

177

24| kwdK mv‡n‡ei KvR †KvbwU? K. KviLvbvi kªwgK‡`i wbqš¿Y Kiv L. weµq cÖwZwbwa‡`i wbqš¿Y Kiv M. c‡Y¨i evRviRvZKiY LiP wba©viY Kiv N. c‡Y¨i weµq e„w× Kiv  25| kwdK mv‡n‡ei `vwq‡Z¡i AšÍfy©³ n‡jv  i. c‡Y¨i bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó ii. c‡Y¨i gvb wba©viY iii. c‡Y¨i mylg eÈb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 26| wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvi cÖ_g avc Kx? K. ms‡kvabg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY L. Kvh©dj cwigvc Kiv M. Av`k© gvb cÖwZôv  N. ÎæwU wPwýZKiY 27| †h․_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi D‡`¨vM MÖnY ch©v‡qi c`‡ÿc¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q  i. cwiKíbv •Zwi Kiv ii. `wjj cÎvw` •Zwi Kiv iii. fwel¨r m¤¢vebv hvPvB Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M.ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 28| wb‡Pi †KvbwU GKv_©K cwiKíbv?

K. bxwZ L. c×wZ M. wewa N. cÖKí  29| •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ †Kvb c‡Îi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i DrcwË m¤ú‡K© †NvlYA †`qv nq?

K. enbcÎ L. †b․fvUKcÎ M. exgvcÎ N. cÖfe‡jL  30| †g․jwfwËK †bZ…‡Z¡i Avwe®‥viK †K? K. F.E Fidler L. Van Fleet M. Donnel N. H. Fayol 31| Rbve ivwKe GKRb gvbem¤ú` e¨e¯’vcK| cÖvwZôvwbK Kvh© m¤úv`‡b wZwb Kg©x‡`i Dbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ e×cwiKi| G j‡ÿ¨ wZwb m¤cÖwZ cÖwkÿY Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb| Rbve ivwK‡ei M„nxZ c`‡ÿc Øviv e¨e¯’vcbvi †h KvR wb‡`©wkZ Zv n‡jv  i. cwiKíbv ii. Kg©x ms¯’vb iii. †cÖlYv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

32| †Kvb msMVb KvVv‡gv‡Z mvgvwRK m¤úK©‡K AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq?

K. mij‣iwLK L. Kvh©wfwËK M. AbvbyôvwbK  N. KwgwU  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3334bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve iwng ABC †Kv¤úvwbi e¨e¯’vcK| wZwb cÖwZ eQi eb‡fvR‡b Kg©KZ©v I Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ Best Employee cyi¯‥vi †`b| d‡j weµq e„w× I bZzb MÖvnK •Zwi nq| 33| Rbve iwn‡gi D³ KvRwU e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©?

K. cwiKíbv L. mgš^q M. †cÖlYv N. wbqš¿Y 34| Rbve iwn‡gi D³ KvRwU †Kv¤úvwbi mdjZv AR©‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| KviY Gi d‡j  i. Kg©xiv Kv‡R AvšÍwiK nq ii. Kv‡Ri ¸YMZ gvb fv‡jv nq iii. Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i m¤úK© fvj _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 35| wbqš¿Y ej‡Z †evSvq i. Kvh© g~j¨vqb ii. mgm¨v wbiæcY iii. cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 36| Askx`vwi Pzw³c‡Î mKj Askx`vi KZ©„K Kx n‡Z nq?

K. M„wnZ L. Aby‡gvw`Z M. ¯^vÿwiZ N. MÖnY‡hvM¨

178

37| mgevq mwgwZ‡Z m`m¨‡`i †fvUvwaKvi mgvb nIqvi KviY K. mZZv mgev‡qi bxwZ e‡j L. mgevq AvB‡bi e‡j  M. m`m¨‡`i •bK‡U¨i Kvi‡Y N. mg‡kªwYi Rb‡Mvôxi nIqvi KviY  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 38 I 39bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: AvRv` QS cÖwZôv‡bi GKRb wcqb| cÖwZôv‡bi `yBRb wbe©vnx GKB mg‡q GKvwaK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©k Zv‡K cÖ`vb K‡i| G‡Z Zvi c‡ÿ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| cÖvqkB Giƒc cwiw¯’wZi m„wó nq| welqwU cÖkvmb‡K AewnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 38| QS cÖwZôv‡b e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZwU jw•NZ n‡q‡Q? K. Av‡`‡ki HK¨  L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ M. kªgwefvRb N. wbqgvbyewZ©Zv 39| D³ cwiw¯’wZ DËi‡Y cÖkvm‡bi KiYxq  i. cÖ_g e¨w³i Av‡`k cvj‡bi wb‡`©k †`Iqv ii. GKvwaK wcqb wb‡qvM Kiv iii. e¨e¯’vcbvi wbqgbxwZ †g‡b Pjv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 40| •R¨ô‡Z¡i wfwˇZ c‡`vbœwZ w`‡j Kg©xiv  i. g‡bvej e„w× cvq ii. Drmvn DÏxcbv e„w× cvq iii. `ÿZvi Dbœqb N‡U wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (bUi‡Wg K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1|

2|

3|

4|

5| 6| 7|

8|

e¨emv‡qi gvwjK nIqvi Ab¨Zg myweav n‡jv  K. •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ wbqš¿Y L. RvZxq ch©v‡qi †bZv nIqv M. ZvwË¡K Ávb e„w× I wkÿv MÖnY N. gybvdvi me©mgq AwaKvix nIqv  ÁvbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó nq Kx‡mi gva¨‡g?

K. ¸`vgRvZKiY L. cwienb M. weÁvcb  N. K + L cÖZ¨ÿ wewbgq eZ©gvb wQj e¨emv‡qi DrcwË I µgweKv‡ki †Kvb hy‡M? K. Avw`g hyM  L. ga¨hyM M. AvaywbK hyM N. †KvbwUB bq Avgiv e¨emv‡qi †h msÁv Rvwb Zv †_‡K wb‡gœi †KvbwU‡K e¨emvq ejv hv‡e?

K. civgk© `vb L. wegve PjvPj M. wkÿv cÖwZôvb N. K I L DfqB  mgy`ª †_‡K jeY msMÖn Kx ai‡bi wkí?

K. D‡Ëvjb L. we‡klY M. wb®‥vkb N. K I M e¨emvq ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g cÖ‡qvRb nq  K. hš¿cvwZ L. bM` A_© M. D‡`¨v³v N. g~jab †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb‡K e¨emvq †RvU ejv nq?

K. †`wk †Kv¤úvwb L. †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb  M. mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb N. Ae¨emvqx †Kv¤úvwb

9|

ga¨‡gqvw` g~ja‡bi †gqv` KZ w`b?

K. 1  2 eQi

L. 1  5 eQi 

M. 5  10 eQi N. 1  6 eQi 10| hviv cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e †kqvi evRvi Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K e‡j  K. †kqvi e¨emvqx  L. `vjvj M. ga¨¯’ZvKvix N. K I L 11| evsjv‡`‡k KZ mv‡j cY¨ weµq AvBb we`¨gvb?

K. 1907 mvj L. 1913 mvj M. 1930 mvj  N. 1994 mvj 12| wefvMxq wecbx n‡jv  K. †fv³v‡`i Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wewfbœ cÖKvi cY¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v wefv‡M gRy` ivLv nq  L. wewfbœ cÖKvi cY¨ GKB g~‡j¨ weµq Kiv nq M. wewfbœ A‡j Aew¯’Z kvLv †`vKv‡bi gva¨‡g cY¨ weµq Kiv nq N. wewfbœ kvLvi gva¨‡g GKB RvZxq cY¨ weµq Kiv nq 13| mg‡qi wfwˇZ †µZv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv nq?

K. 2 fv‡M  L. 3 fv‡M M. 4 fv‡M N. 5 fv‡M 14| FOB Gi c~Y©iƒc K. Free on Bank L. Free on Bill M. Free and Bank N. Free on Board 15| AvaywbK kªwgK-Kg©x e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? K. G¨vWvg ¯§x_ L. †Rgm ÷yqvU© M. †nbwi †dqj N. ievU© I‡qb 

Avgv‡`i †`‡k †kqvi evRvi cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ nq  K. 1970 mv‡j L. 1954 mv‡j  M. 1980 mv‡j N. 1972 mv‡j

179

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

16| e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZ Abymv‡i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y Kg©xi f~wgKv n«vm Kiv nq?

K. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ L. k„•Ljv M. D‡`¨vM N. †K›`ªxKiY 17| cwjwm GK ai‡bi  K. ¯’vqx cwiKíbv  L. GKv_©K cwiKíbv M. jÿ¨ N. †KvbwUB bq 18| †KvbwU msMVb wPÎ c×wZ? K. wcivwgW AvK…wZi  L. mgvšÍivj M. Dj¤^ N. meKwU 19| Kgx©‡`i AvšÍte¨w³K m¤úK© I †hvMv‡hvM wb‡`©k K‡i †K? K. wbqš¿Y L. cwiKíbv M. wb‡`©kbv N. msMVb  20| †KvbwU Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY c×wZ bq?

K. †mwgbvi  L. wkÿvbexk M. c` cwieZ©b N. cÖ‡ekbv

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. iii 

24|

25|

21| †µZvi •`bw›`b Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb  i. iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv ii. KvjMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv iii. ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

26| 27|

22| GKv_©K cwiKíbvq  i. bgbxqZvi my‡hvM Kg _v‡K ii. evi evi cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq iii. GKevi e¨envi Kiv nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 23| Avwid GKRb `ÿ †gwkb Acv‡iUi n‡Z Pvq| Zvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi DËg c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i  i. e³„Zv c×wZ ii. wkÿvbwem c×wZ iii. †KvwPs c×wZ

180

28| 29|

N. i I iii

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 2425bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Kv‡kg G· dvg©v wjwg‡UW Gi GKRb e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| cÖwZôvbwU Jla Drcv`b K‡i we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k ißvwb K‡i| Gg.wf. wbR©b Rvnv‡Ri KZ©„cÿ Jla †evSvB I fvov Pzw³ ¯^xKvi K‡i G· cvg©v‡K GKwU iwk` cÖ`vb K‡i| G· dvg©v wj.-Gi cÖvß iwk`wUi bvg Kx? K. Pzw³cÎ L. enb cÎ  M. digv‡qkcÎ N. Pvjvb cÎ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖ`Ë iwk‡` hv D‡jL _vK‡e Zv n‡jvi. RvnvR †Kv¤úvwbi bvg ii. †cÖiK I cÖvc‡Ki e›`‡ii bvg iii. Rvnv‡Ri gvkyj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii †Kvb e¨emv‡qi c„_K mËv †bB? K. mgevq L. †Kv¤úvwb M. Askx`vwi N. ivóªxq g~jab mieivn bv K‡iI e¨emv‡qi Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i †Kvb Askx`vi?

K. AvPi‡Y AbywgZ Askx`vi L. bvggvÎ Askx`vi M. Kg©x Askx`vi  N. bvevjK Askx`vi Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖ‡hvR¨ Askx`vwi AvBb KZ mv‡ji?

K. 1931 L. 1932 M. 1832 N. 1994 Kvjvg, iwdK I kwdK GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq ïiæ

Ki‡Z AvMÖnx, cÖ_‡gB Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb co‡e K. wbeÜbcÎ L. †UªW jvB‡mÝ M. Pzw³cÎ  N. cÖZ¨qbcÎ 30| Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Afve †Kb? i. AvBbMZ wfwË bv _vKvq ii. Askx`vi‡`i B”Qvi Ici wbf©ikxj e‡j iii. MÖvnK Kg _vKvi Kvi‡Y

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. ii I iii N. i I ii  31| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? K. 20 Rb L. 7 Rb M. 50 Rb N. 10 Rb 32| wb‡gœi †Kvb `wj‡j †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqgb xwZ †jLv _v‡K? K. msN¯§viK L. msNwewa M. weeiYcÎ N. wbeÜbcÎ 33| Mvvgv †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW ÷K G·‡PÄ Gi ZvwjKvfy³ n‡jv| Mvgv †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW †Kvb †kªwYi †Kv¤úvwb?

K. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb L. mvewmwWqvwi †Kvs M. cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb  N. †nvwìs †Kvs

36| b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ †fvM¨cY¨ µ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j K. µq mgevq mwgwZ L. weµq mgevq mwgwZ M. Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ N. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ 37| e„‡U‡b AvbyôvwbKfv‡e mgevq mwgwZ MwVZ nq KZ mv‡j?

K. 1944 L. 1844 M. 1913 N. 1932 38| †cÖlYvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z X I Y ZË¡ cÖeZ©b K‡ib  K. Aveªvnvg gvR‡jv L. nvR©evM© M. g¨vK‡MÖMi N. WweD GBP.wbDg¨vb 39| †cÖlYv g~jZ †KvbwU‡Z cÖfvweZ K‡i?

K. Kg©xi mvdj¨‡K L. Kg©xi gb‡K  M. Kg©xi Kg©‡K N. Kgx©i Kvh© cwi‡ek‡K 40| Av`k©gvb cÖwZôv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i i. Kvh© mg‡qi wfwˇZ ii. Li‡Pi wfwˇZ iii. c‡Y¨i ¸Yv¸‡Yi wfwˇZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 

34| †Kv¤úvwbi ¯^vaxb mËv ej‡Z †evSvq i. wbR¯^ bvg I mxj‡gvni Øviv cwiPvwjZ ii. wbR bv‡g A‡b¨i weiæ‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cvwi iii. †kqvi‡nvìvi‡`i mËv †_‡K e¨emv‡qi mËv Avjv`v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i, ii I iii M. ii N. i I ii 35| cÖv_wgK mwgwZi b~¨bZg m`m¨ msL¨v  K. 20 Rb  L. 7 Rb M. 50 Rb N. 10 Rb

181

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv Kgvm© K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î wb‡gœi †Kvb `wjjwU cÖvmw½K? K. msN¯§viK L. †UªW jvB‡mÝ  M. wbeÜbcÎ N. Dcwewa 2. †nbix †dqj e¨e¯’vcbvi 14wU bxwZi D‡jøL K‡ib KZ mv‡j?

K. 1916 L. 1932 M. 1994 N. 2001 3. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi Pzw³ n‡Z cv‡i  i. †g․wLK ii. wjwLZ iii. wjwLZ I wbewÜZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 4. µq-weµ‡qi gva¨‡g †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv `~i nq?

K. ¯’vbMZ L. ÁvbMZ M. SzuwKMZ N. e¨w³MZ 5. RvnvR KZ©„cÿ ißvwbKviK‡K †evSvBK…Z cY¨ cÖvwß ¯^xKvi K‡i †h iwm` cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K ejv nq K. cÖfe‡jK L. KuvPv iwm` M. enbcÎ  N. WK iwm` 6. h‡kv‡ii KwZcq Pvwl mw¤§wjZfv‡e mewR Pv‡li R‡b¨ msNwUZ nq| K. Drcv`K L. †fv³v M. †K›`ªxq N. RvZxq 7. †kqvi evRv‡i †kqvi µq-weµ‡qi Rb¨ MÖvnK‡K †eªvKvi nvD‡R †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Lyj‡Z nq?

K. †c․btcywbK L. FY AvgvbZ M. Beneficiary Owner’s (BO)  N. DPS 8. e¨emvq •bwZKZvi AšÍfy©³ n‡jv  i. mwVK g~j¨bxwZi AbymiY ii. gybvdv AR©b‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb iii. h_vmg‡q Ki cÖ`vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 9. XvKvi jvjev‡Mi KwZcq e¨w³ wb‡R‡`i wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †fvM¨ cY¨vw` wbqwgZfv‡e GK‡Î µq

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.



15.

16.

182

Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb Zv‡`i Rb¨ AwaK Dc‡hvMx? K. Askx`vwi L. †Kv¤úvwb M. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ N. Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ †cÖlYv `v‡bi Abvw_©K Dcvq †KvbwU? K. we‡bv`b fvZv L. AvKl©Yxq KvR M. K¨vw›Ub myweav N. c‡`vbœwZ civgk©g~jK wb‡`kbvi Amyweav †KvbwU? K. MYZvwš¿K g‡bvfve L. kªg N~Y©vqgvbZv e„w× M. AbvbyôvwbK m¤úK© m„wó N. †MvcbxqZv cÖKvk  evsjv‡`‡ki †h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv KZ mv‡ji AvBb Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ? K. 1913 L. 1932 M. 1938 N. 1994 GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi Amyweav †KvbwU? K. e¨qeûj L. Amxg `vq  M. AbgbxqZv N. †MvcbxqZv duvm wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ ej‡Z †evSvq  K. mvgÄm¨c~Y© wb‡`©kbv L. GKK DaŸ©Z‡bi wb‡`©kbv M. mKj wb‡`©kbv cvjb N. eû wbe©vPbx eû wb‡`©kbv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 1516bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mRj, ¯^Rb I mygb h_vµ‡g 1 jÿ, 2 jÿ I 3 jÿ UvKv cyuwR wb‡q GK‡Î GKwU A‡Uv ivBmwgj cÖwZôv K‡i| Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `vq Amxg| e¨emvq cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mRj evwl©K 1 jÿ UvKv m¤§vbx cvq| mRj, ¯^Rb I myg‡bi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb? K. Askx`vwi L. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW M. mgevq N. e¨emvq †RvU gybvdv eÈb msµvšÍ †Kv‡bv wKQz D‡jøL bv _vKvq D³ 3 e¨emvqxi g‡a¨ Kx Abycv‡Z gybvdv ewÈZ n‡e?

K. 1 : 2 : 3 L. 1 : 1 : 1

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ M. 2 : 2 : 3

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

N. 0 : 2 : 3

25. †iRv ingvb evRviRvZKi‡Yi †h KvR m¤úv`b K‡ibi. µq ii. weµq iii. cwienb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 26. cÖZ¨vwkZ Kvh©gv‡bi mv‡_ AwR©Z Kvh©d‡ji e¨eavb ms‡kvab wb‡gœi †Kvb Kv‡Ri AšÍfy©³?

K. msMVb L. wm×všÍ MÖnY M. mgš^q N. wbqš¿Y  27. Rbve iwk` XYZ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW Gi †kqvi G g‡g© µq Ki‡jb †h, †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡K wbw`©ó nv‡i jf¨vsk me©v‡MÖ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Avevi †Kv¤úvwb we‡jvcmva‡bi †ÿ‡Î wZwb †kqvi g~ja‡bi A_© Av‡M †dir cv‡eb| Rbve iwk‡`i µqK…Z †kqvi †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. AwaKvi L. AMÖvwaKvi M. †evbvm N. wejw¤^Z

17. evsjv‡`‡ki †kqvi evRvi wbqš¿YKvix cÖwZôvb †KvbwU? K. wmwKDwiwUR GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb  L. evsjv‡`k ÷K G·‡PÄ M. †kqvi wbqš¿K ms¯’v N. wmwKDwiwUR K‡›Uªvj Kwgkb 18. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gvi D™¢veK †K? K. †nbix †dqj L. Gd.WweøD. †Uji  M. n¨viì KzÄ N. WweøD.GBP.wbDg¨vb 19. c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi †Kvb ¯Í‡i weµ‡qi cwigvc m‡e©v”P nq?

K. Dbœqb L. m~Pbv M. cÖe„w×  N. c~Y©Zv 20. †`‡ki AvBb mfv ev msm‡` wej cvm K‡i wKsev ivóªcÖav‡bi Aa¨v‡`k e‡j MwVZ msMVb‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb ejv nq?

K. mb`cÖvß L. msNwewae×  M. wbewÜZ N. msm`xq 21. mgevq mwgwZ MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kgc‡ÿ KZ m`m¨ wewkó mvsMVwbK KwgwU MVb Ki‡Z nq?

K. 6  L. 7 M. 10 N. 20 22. GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi AwaK Dc‡hvMx †ÿÎ n‡jvK. †i‡¯Íviuv  L. LwbR M¨vm D‡Ëvjb M. Kw¤úDUvi cÖ¯ÍyZKiY N. RvnvR wbg©vY 23. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Kv‡Ri evB‡i cÖwkÿY c×wZi AšÍfy©³?

K. c` cwieZ©b L. cÖ‡ekb M. ch©‡eÿY N. NUbv c×wZ   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 2425bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †iRv ingvb biwms`xi Kjv Pvwl‡`i wbKU †_‡K Kjv µq K‡i XvKvi wewfbœ evRv‡i LyPiv we‡µZv‡`i gva¨‡g †fv³v‡`i wbKU mieivn K‡ib| 24. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi eÈbcÖYvwj e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q?

28. cÙv †mZz cÖKí †h ai‡bi cwiKíbv Zvn‡jv  i. GKv_©K ii. ¯’vqx iii. jÿ¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii 29. ißvwbKviK cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki Ici †h `wjj cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. enbcÎ L. digv‡qkcÎ M. cÖZ¨qcÎ N. wewbgq wej  30. wb‡Pi †Kvb KvRwU wb‡`©kbvi AšÍfy©³?

K. cÖwkÿY L. ev‡RUxq wbqš¿Y M. ZË¡veavb  N. mgš^q mvab 31. KviLvbvq AwMœ `yN©Ubvi KviY D`NvU‡b †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb Dc‡hvMx? K. mij‣iwLK I Dc‡`óv L. Kvh©wfwËK M. KwgwU  N. †gwUªK&m 32. ¯‥vB †Møvevj †bUIqvK© wjwg‡UW Gi g¨v‡bRvi Rbve Gg Avjg Kg©x‡`i wVKfv‡e †`Lv‡kvbv bv K‡i wewfbœ †`k ågb K‡i †eov‡”Qb| Kg©xiv wb‡R‡`i B”Qvg‡Zv KvR Ki‡Qb| D³ cÖwZôv‡b †h ai‡bi †bZ…Z¡

K. Drcv`K  †fv³v L. Drcv`K  LyPiv e¨emvqx  †fv³v M. Drcv`K  cvBKvi  LyPiv e¨emvqx †fv³v  N. Drcv`KdwoqvcvBKviLyPiv e¨emvqx†fv³v

183

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

weivRgvb Zv n‡jv  i. MYZvwš¿K ii. Kg©x‡K›`ªxK iii. jvMvgnxb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. iii M. i I ii N. ii I iii

M. M¨v›U PvU©

36. Askx`viMY Z…Zxq †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K Askx`vi bv nIqv ¯^‡Ë¡I Askx`vi e‡j cÖPvi Ki‡j Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi ejv nq?

K. cÖwZeÜ  L. AvcvZ`„wó‡Z M. wb®…xq N. mxgve× 37. †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq mwgwZ‡Z ïay e¨w³ m`m¨ _v‡K? K. cÖv_wgK  L. †K›`ªxq M. RvZxq N. wgkª 38. GKwU Drcv`bkxj cÖwZôv‡bi D”P¯Í‡i Avmxb Rbve wgRvbyi ingvb wPšÍvkxj Kv‡h©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³| wZwb cÖwZôv‡bi Kx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡cvjb Ki‡Qb? K. ZË¡veavqK L. e¨e¯’vcK M. cÖkvmK  N. Kg©KZ©v 39. wewcGj wµ‡KU †Ljv Dcj‡ÿ †÷wWqv‡gi cv‡k iwdKzj Bmjvg GKwU f¨vb Mvwo‡Z bvbv ai‡bi Lv`¨ I cvbxq wewµ K‡i †ek jvfevb n‡q‡Qb| iwdKzj Bmjv‡gi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi? i. †ckv`vwi ii. †g․mywg iii. ¯^í cyuwRi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii  N. i, ii I iii 40. gvm‡jvi Pvwn`v †mvcvb ZË¡ Abyhvqx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgvwRK Pvwn`vi AšÍfy©³?

K. †mœn-fv‡jvevmv  L. mvgvwRK wbivcËv M. mybvg N. m„Rbkxj KvR

 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 33  34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mvf© evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW gv‡K©wUs Awdmvi c‡` wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ msev`c‡Î weÁwß cÖKvk K‡i| wb‡qvM cixÿvi gva¨‡g †gavex Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM †`qv n‡jI Zv‡`i ev¯Íe AwfÁZv bv _vKvq Ges wbe©vnx cwiPvj‡Ki •¯^iZvwš¿K AvPi‡Yi d‡j ewn®‥vi AvZ¼ weivR Kivq Kg©KZ©vMY mwVKfv‡e Kvh©m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| 33. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖwZôv‡bi weÁwß cÖKvk Kg©xms¯’v‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Kv‡h©i AšÍfy©³?

K. wiKzBwRkb L. Drm wba©viY M. Kg©x msMÖn  N. Kg©x wbe©vPb 34. D³ cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i †_‡K h_vh_fv‡e KvR Av`v‡q Kx KiYxq? i. cÖwkÿY ii. PvKwii wbivcËv weavb iii. DbœZ Kg© cwi‡ek m„wó wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii 35.

2 w`b

1

1 w`b

2 2 w`b

3

4 w`b

5 3 w`b

N. cvU©

6

4 5 w`b

D³ wPÎwU Øviv †Kvb ai‡bi wbqš¿Y †K․kj †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? K. msL¨vZ¥K DcvË we‡kølY L. mg‡”Q` we›`y we‡kølY

184

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. Drcv`b, eÈb I mnvqK Kvh©vewj‡K Kx e‡j?

K. wkí L. e¨emvq M. evwYR¨ N. cÖZ¨ÿ †mev 2. wg. wgivR KviIqvb evRvi †_‡K gyiwM wK‡b wewfbœ GjvKvq †dix K‡i weµq K‡ib| wg. wgivR †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ? K. Askx`vwi L. †Kv¤úvwb M. GK gvwjKvbv  N. mgevq 3. `xN©‡gqv`x cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq KZ mg‡qi Rb¨?

K. GK eQ‡ii †ewk mg‡qi Rb¨ L. wZb eQ‡ii †ewk mg‡qi Rb¨ M. cuvP eQ‡ii †ewk mg‡qi Rb¨  N. Qq gv‡mi †ewk mg‡qi Rb¨ 4. ‘PERT’ n‡”Q wbqš¿‡Yi GKwU we‡kl K. •ewkó¨ L. c`‡ÿc M. c×wZ N. ¸Y  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 5  6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †gvwgb `wi`ª cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| hye cÖwkÿY †K›`ª †_‡K nvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi Dci cÖwkÿY wb‡q evwoi Qv‡` †m †QvU †cvwë dvg© ¯’vcb Kij Ges GjvKvi wewfbœ †`vKv‡b wWg mieivn ïiæ Kij| wKšÍy eZ©gv‡b evW© d¬z †iv‡M wewfbœ RvqMvq gyiwM AvµvšÍ n‡”Q ï‡b †m LyeB AvZsKMÖ¯Í| 5. †gvwg‡bi wkíwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. Drcv`b wkí L. †mev`vbKvix wkí M. wbg©vY wkí N. cÖRbb wkí  6. evW© d¬z †ivM †_‡K †m Zvi dvg©‡K iÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ii. wbqwgZ evW© d¬z †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK e¨envi K‡i ii. me gyiwM †eu‡P w`‡q UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv w`‡q iii. Ab¨ †Kvb e¨emv‡q cyuwR n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii 7. †Kv¤úvwbi bv‡gi mv‡_ wjwg‡UW (Ltd.) kã _vKvi A_© n‡jv K. †Kv¤úvwbi g~jab mxgve× L. cwiPvjK‡`i KZ…©Z¡ mxgve×

185

M. †Kv¤úvwbi †gqv` mxgve× N. †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i `vq mxgve×  8. eÈb cÖYvjx‡Z Drcv`K I LyPiv we‡µZvi gv‡S †K Ae¯’vb K‡i?

K. weµqKg©x L. cvBKvi M. †fv³v N. gnvRb 9. jÿ¨ ej‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU eySvq? K. e¨e¯’vcbvi Awf‡cÖZ dj L. cÖwZôv‡bi Awf‡cÖZ dj M. cwiKíbvi Awf‡cÖZ dj  N. cÖkvm‡bi Awf‡cÖZ dj  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 10  11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Professor W.H. Newman e‡jb, Òfwel¨‡Z Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi AwMÖg wm×všÍ MÖnYB cwiKíbv|Ó cwiKíbv e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri wfwË ¯^iƒc Harold Koontz cwiKíbv‡K ‘Looking Glass’ Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| 10. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwiKíbvi •ewkó¨ bq?

K. GwU wPšÍbxq KvR L. GwU fwel¨r welqK M. GwU Kvh© wefvR‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©  N. GwU e¨e¯’vcbvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri wfwË 11. Koontz cwiKíbv‡K ‘Looking Glass’ Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| Gi KviY n‡jv  i. GwU Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi AvPiY wb‡`©kbv †`q ii. GwU Kgx©‡`i Drmvn e„w× K‡i iii. GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i m¤úK© KvVv‡gv wb‡`©k K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 12. Rbve Kwig Pxb †_‡K myZv Avg`vwb K‡i BD‡iv‡c ißvbx K‡ib| K. Avg`vwb L. ißvwb M. cybtißvwb  N. Af¨šÍixb evwYR¨ 13. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab N‡U †h Kvi‡Y

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

14.

15.

16. 

17.

18.

19.

20.

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

i. Askx`v‡ii g„Zz¨‡Z ii. e¨emvq †jvKmvb n‡j iii. †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Kvi‡Y wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I iii  wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi m‡e©vËg?

K. cÖeZ©K‡`i †kqvi L. AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi M. mvaviY †kqvi  N. mÂqx AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi mgevq msMV‡b †Kvb GKK m`m¨ Gi †kqvi g~ja‡bi m‡e©v”P Kx cwigvY †kqvi wKb‡Z cv‡i?

K. GK-Z…Zxqvsk L. GK-PZz_©vsk M. GK-cÂgvsk  N. GK-`kgvsk c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi †Kvb ¯Í‡i gybvdv me‡P‡q †ewk nq?

K. m~Pbv L. c~Y©Zv M. cÖe„w×  N. cZb wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17  18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: webv cyuwR‡Z †hgb e¨emv Kiv hvq bv †Zgwb †ewk cyuwRI e¨emvi Rb¨ ÿwZKi| Rbve iveŸx hLb e¨emvq ïiæ K‡ib ZLb A‡_©i cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ RvqMvq Ny‡i‡Qb| Zvi hLb myw`b G‡jv ZLb e¨vsK¸‡jv Zv‡K cyuwR †`qvi Rb¨ Nyi‡Q| wKšÍy wZwb Rv‡bb FYK…Z A_© e¨emv‡qi SzuwK evov‡e| †ewk cyuwR e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ ÿwZKi †Kb? K. Ace¨q nIqvi m¤¢vebv ev‡o  L. UvKv nvwi‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K M. UvKv Pzwi n‡Z cv‡i N. mevB †ewk †eZb-fvZv `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i cyuwRi Rb¨ Rbve iveŸx‡K A‡bK RvqMvq Nyi‡Z n‡q‡Q, KviY i. Zvi wb‡Ri m¤úwË †bB e‡j ii. Zvi e¨emvwqK mybvg wQj bv e‡j iii. Zvi cÖwZ FY`vZv‡`i Av¯’v Kg wQj e‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  msMVb KvVv‡gv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g wb‡`©k Kiv n‡j Zv‡K e‡j K. msMVb KvVv‡gv L. msMVb PvU©  M. msMVb wi‡cvU© N. KwgwU ÷vwds ej‡Z Kx eySvq? K. Kg©x wbe©vPb L. Kg©x msMÖn

186

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.



M. Kg©x msMÖn, wbe©vPb, cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw`  N. Kg©x wb‡qvM K…wlRvZ wkícY¨ †KvbwU? K. Zwi-ZiKvwi L. Zzjv  M. wcqvR-imyb N. Av‡cj-Kgjv mve©Rbxb Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q Ggb c‡Y¨i weÁvc‡b me‡P‡q Dchy³ gva¨g Kx n‡Z cv‡i?

K. msev`cÎ L. mvBb‡evW© M. †Uwjwfkb N. n¨vÛwej wmbnv MÖæc Zv‡`i lô ch©v‡qi weµq Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡q GKw`‡bi GKUv cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡Z Pvq| Zv‡`i Rb¨ fv‡jv c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i  i. e³…Zv c×wZ ii. Av‡jvPbv c×wZ iii. ch©‡eÿY c×wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii MYZwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbvi Aaxb wb‡`©kbv †K․kj †KvbwU? K. •¯^ivPvwi wb‡`©kbv L. civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv M. wcZ…myjf wb‡`©kbv N. jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbv ECGS Gi c~Y© Awfe¨w³ Kx? K. Exchance Cminussion Guarantee Scheme L. Export Credit Guarantee Scheme  M. Exteral Credit Guarantee Scheme N. Export Committee Guarantee Scheme ÒGKRb Kg©xi Av‡`k`vZv n‡e GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ÓGwU †nbwi †dqj cÖ`Ë †Kvb g~jbxwZ? K. †K›`ªxKiY I we‡K›`ªxKiY L. Av‡`‡ki HK¨ M. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ N. jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 27  28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: RvwKi, Kwig I AvjZvd wZb eÜz GK‡Î GKwU dvg© Pvjvq| Zviv †g․wLK Pzw³ K‡i A‡bKw`b G e¨emvq Pvjv‡”Q| e¨emvq cÖ_‡g fv‡jv Ki‡jI wKQz wel‡q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ fyj †evSveywS n‡”Q|

27. mvaviY Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi m`m¨msL¨v KZ? K. 2  10 Rb L. 2  20 Rb  M. 5  20 Rb N. 7  50 Rb 28. Kwig‡`i e¨emv‡q †h mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡”Q Zv

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

29.

30.



31.

32.

33.

34.

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

mgvav‡bi Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i i. wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Zvi gZ wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i ii. wb‡Riv GKwU wjwLZ Pzw³ K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i iii. Z…Zxq c‡ÿi mnvqZv wb‡Z cv‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i I iii weÁvc‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv wK‡mi Dci wbf©ikxj?

K. gva¨g L. cY¨ M. ¯’vb N. iæwP mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z mvaviYZ †Kvb msMVb e¨eüZ nq?

K. Kvh©wfwËK L. mij‣iwLK I Dc‡`óv M. mij‣iwLK  N. KwgwU wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 31  32bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve dvwng I Zvi AvU eÜz wg‡j †`k evsjv KUb wgjm& bv‡g GKwU †Kv¤úvwb MV‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| Zviv w¯’i K‡ib †h, myZv Drcv`b K‡i wewfbœ †U·UvBj wg‡j mieivn Ki‡eb| †`k evsjv KUb wg‡ji Rbve dvwn‡gi cwiwPwZ Kx? K. gvwjK L. cÖeZ©K  M. e¨e¯’vcK N. e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK DÏxc‡K cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Rbve dvwn‡gi KiYxq n‡jv i. †Kv¤úvwb wbe܇bi e¨e¯’v Kiv ii. b~¨bZg g~jab msMÖn Kiv iii. †Kv¤úvwbi gybvdv eÈb Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii GKvwaK cY¨ Drcv`bKvix D”PcÖhyw³ m¤úbœ e„n`vqZb cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx msMVb †KvbwU? K. mij‣iwLK msMVb L. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb  M. KwgwU msMVb N. †gwUª· msMVb cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb AwZwi³ g~jab e„w×i Rb¨ eZ©gvb †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i †Kvb ai‡bi †kqvi Bmy¨ K‡i?

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

187

K. mvaviY †kqvi L. ivBU †kqvi  M. AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi N. †evbvm †kqvi G‡c· †j`vim G kªwgK‡`i gRywi fv‡jv| wKšÍy kªwgK cÖvqB Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| GRb¨ A‡b‡KB PvKwi †Q‡o hv‡”Q| Zv‡`i a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ †cÖlYv `v‡bi Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i  i. DËg Kvh© cwi‡ek ii. PvKwii wbivcËv iii.cwienb myweav wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. i I ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii GKwg dzWm GÛ †efv‡iR wjwg‡UW AwZwi³ g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ evRv‡i †kqvi Qvoj| GwU †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv¤úvwb?

K. cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwb L. cvewjK †Kv¤úvwb  M. †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwb N. mvewmwWqvwi †Kv¤úvwb c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi avivevwnKµg †KvbwU? K. m~Pbv, c~Y©Zv, cZb, cÖe„w× L. m~Pbv, c~Y©Zv, cÖe„w×, cZb M. m~Pbv, cÖe„w×, c~Y©Zv, cZb  N. cZb, m~Pbv, cÖe„w×, c~Y©Zv Rbve mv‡ei AB cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ| Zvi `yBRb wbe©vnx GKB mg‡q GKvwaK Kv‡Ri wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi c‡ÿ `vwqZ¡cvjb Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb bxwZwU AbymiY Kiv nqwb?

K. kªg wefvRb L. wb‡`©kbvi HK¨ M. Av‡`‡ki HK¨  N. wbqgvbyewZ©Zv evsjv‡`‡k Askx`vwi msMVb KZ mv‡ji AvBb Øviv MwVZ I cwiPvwjZ nq?

K. 1913 L. 1932  M. 1994 N. 1998 cÖwZôv‡b Kg©x wb‡qvM †Kvb ai‡bi cwiKíbvi AšÍM©Z? K. GKv_©K L. ¯’vqx  M. jÿ¨ N. Kg©m~wP

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR, XvKv) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡qi AvqKi cwi‡kva K‡i †K? M. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb K. miKvi L. mgvR N. mgevq cÖwZôvb M. gvwjK  N. e¨vsK 8. e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ ej‡Z †evSvq †Kv¤úvwbi Rb¥ m`b †KvbwU? K. Kv‡h©i ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b  K. ¯§viKwjwc L. msNwewa L. D‡Ï‡k¨i ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b M. wbeÜbcÎ  N. weeiYcÎ M. bxwZi ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b •eÁvwbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? N. DcKi‡Yi ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b K. Gj G G‡jb L. Gd WweøD †Uji  9. †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjK nIqvi Rb¨ †h †kqvi µq M. wbDg¨vb N. †nbwi †dqj Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K e‡j  eb †_‡K gay msMÖn †Kvb wk‡íi AšÍM©Z? K. mvaviY †kqvi L. AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi K. cÖRbb L. wb®‥vkb  M. cÖeZ©©‡Ki †kqvi N. †hvM¨Zvm~PK †kqvi M. K…wl N. wbg©vY 10. mgevq msMV‡bi †Kv‡bv GKK m`m¨ Gi †kqvi Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi DrcwËi KviY n‡jv g~ja‡bi m‡e©v”P Kx cwigvY wKb‡Z cv‡i? i. cyuwRi ¯^íZv `~ixKiY K. GK-Z…Zxqvsk L. `yB-Z…Zxqvsk ii. e¨w³MZ mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zv `~ixKiY M. `yB-PZz_©vsk N. GK-cÂgvsk  iii. e„n`vqZb e¨emv‡qi myweav †fvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 11  12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wm‡j‡U cvwievwiK Rwg _vKv m‡Ë¡I wg. iv‡k` LvMovQwo I ivOvgvwU‡Z Rwg wjR wb‡q DbœZgv‡bi njy` Pvl K‡ib Ges ch©vwqZ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zv mieivn K‡ib| 11. wg. iv‡k‡`i e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb? K. GKgvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi M. †Kv¤úvwb N. mgevq 12. cwi‡e‡ki †Kvb Dcv`vb we‡ePbvq iv‡k` ivOvgvwU I LvMovQwo‡Z njy` Pv‡l D×z× n‡jb?

K. cÖvK…wZK  L. A_©‣bwZK M. ivR‣bwZK N. mvgvwRK 13. †KvbwU A_©ms¯’v‡bi `xN©‡gqvw` Drm? K. MÖvgxY e¨vsK L. †kqvi  M. AvZ¥xq¯^Rb N. GbwRI 14. weÁvcb e¨q P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q †K enb K‡ib?

K. gvwjK L. cvBKvwi we‡µZv

6. jÿ¨ Kx‡mi Awf‡cÖZ dj?

K. cwiKíbvi  L. cÖkvm‡bi M. e¨e¯’vcbvi N. Kg©`ÿZvi  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 7  8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mvwKe I Zvi eÜz mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷vi cwiPvjbv K‡i| wKQzw`b ci Zviv fve‡jv e¨emvqwUi GKwU AvBbMZ Aw¯ÍZ¡ _vKv `iKvi| Z‡e †kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨B mxgve× _vK‡e|

7. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wb‡gœi †Kvb ai‡bi bZzb msMVb Dchy³ n‡e?

K. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb  L. mswewae× †Kv¤úvwb 188

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

M. †fv³v  N. LyPiv we‡µZv 15. Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©‡k Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi we‡jvcmvab nq g~jZ i. †Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii gw¯Í®‥ weK…wZ NU‡j ii. `vwqZ¡cvj‡b Aÿg n‡j iii. †Kvb Askx`v‡ii g„Zz¨ n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii  M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 16. cÖwZwU wefvM I Dcwefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©„Z¡ eÈb e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ c‡o?

K. cwiKíbv L. wbqš¿Y M. wb‡`©kbv N. msMVb   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: PuvcvBbeveM‡Äi wewfbœ A‡ji my¯^v`y Av‡gi Pvwn`v XvKvq †ewk| ZvB Avg Drcv`bKvwi nvwbd wgqv mivmwi wb‡RB wewfbœ evRv‡i Avg mieivn K‡ib| 17. nvwbd wgqv †Kb mivmwi evRv‡i Avg mieivn K‡ib? i. c‡Y¨i mwVK g~‡j¨i cÖvwß ii. †fv³v‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© m„wó iii. cY¨wU `ªæZ cPbkxj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  18. †Kvb msMVb‡K wgwjUvix msMV‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq?

K. mij‣iwLK L. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ M. Kvh©wfwËK N. KwgwU 19. RvnvR KZ©„c‡ÿi mv‡_ fvov msµvšÍ Pzw³‡K Kx e‡j?

K. PvjvbcÎ L. †b․ exgvcÎ M. †b․ fvUKcÎ  N. cÖZ¨qcÎ 20. cwiKíbvi msL¨vZ¥K cÖKvk †KvbwU? K. ev‡RU  L. jÿ¨ M. Avw_©K weeiYx N. GKv_©K cwiKíbv  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: PuvcvBbeveM‡Äi wewfbœ A‡ji my¯^v`y Av‡gi Pvwn`v XvKvq †ewk| ZvB Avg Drcv`bKvwi nvwbd wgqv mivmwi wb‡RB wewfbœ evRv‡i Avg mieivn K‡ib| 21. Rv‡ei I Ryev‡qi †Kv¤úvwb msMVb KvVv‡gv †Kvb cÖK…wZi? K. mij‣iwLK L. Kvh©wfwËK

M. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’  N. KwgwU 22. Pvjvwb iwk` Kq cÖ‡¯’ •Zwi Kiv nq?

K. 2 L. 3  M. 4 N. 5 23. †`‡ki AvBb mfv A_ev †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Aa¨v‡`k e‡j MwVZ I wbqwš¿Z †Kv¤úvwb‡K Kx e‡j?

K. AwbewÜZ †Kv¤úvwb L. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb M. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb N. wewae× †Kv¤úvwb  24. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj‡K †Kv¤úvwbi Af¨šÍixY cwiPvjbv msµvšÍ wbqgbxwZi `wjj ej nq| KviY G‡Z  i. cwiPvjK‡`i Z_¨vw`i eY©bv †_‡K ii. †Kv¤úvwbi D‡Ïk¨vewji eY©bv †_‡K iii. †kqv‡ii weeiY †_‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iiiM. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 25. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb †kqvi µ‡qi Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx cÖPvi K‡i?

K. ¯§viKwjwc L. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj M. wbeÜbcÎ N. weeiYcÎ   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 2627bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Kvgvj Ges K‡qKRb e¨emvqxi Kvi‡Y XvKvi cvš’c_ AvR Kv‡Vi cvBKvwi e¨emv‡qi evRvi wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ| evRv‡i †fv³v‡`i Pvwn`vbyhvqx KvV †g․mywgKi‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq evRv‡i KvV weµ‡q Kvgv‡ji cÖwZôv‡bi †ek mybvg i‡q‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ wg. Kvgvj cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| 26. Rbve Kvgvj Gi e¨emvqwU Kx ai‡bi?

K. GKgvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi M. †Kv¤úvwb N. mgevq 27. Rbve Kvgvj Kxfv‡e e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY Ki‡Z cv‡i?

K. wewµ e„w× K‡i L. e¨vsK FY MÖnY K‡i  M. c‡Y¨i gvb Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g N. bZzb kvLv Ly‡j 28. ÔAskx`vwi m¤úK© Pzw³ n‡Z Rb¥ jvf K‡iÕAskx`vwi AvB‡bi KZ avivq Gi mg_©b i‡q‡Q?

189

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ 29.

30.



31.

32.

33.



34.

35.

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

K. 4 avivq L. 5 avivq  M. 6 avivq N. 7 avivq †Kvb e¨emvq msMV‡bi e¨e¯’vcbv I gvwjKvbv c„_K? K. GKgvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi M. †Kv¤úvwb  N. ivóªxq ga¨¯’Kvix‡`i D‡”Q` K‡i b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ †fv³vi wbKU cY¨ mvgMÖx mieiv‡ni Rb¨ †Kvb †kªwYi mgevq MVb Kiv hvq?

K. †fv³v mgevq L. Drcv`K mgevq  M. †µZv mgevq N. eûgyLx mgevq wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 31bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: cÖKí Kg©KZ©v Rbve kwid Zvi cÖK‡í wbg©vYvaxb feb cwi`k©‡b wM‡q mveBwÄwbqvi‡`i KvR ch©‡eÿY Ki‡jb Ges c~e© wba©vwiZ bKkvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri Zzjbv Ki‡jb| Rbve kwi‡di KvRwU e¨e¯’vcbvq †Kvb Kv‡Ri Ask? K. wb‡`©kbv L. wbqš¿Y  M. mgš^q N. †cÖlYv †Kvb hy‡M wewbgq cÖ_vi D™¢e N‡U? K. cÖvPxb hy‡M L. ga¨hy‡M  M. AvaywbK hy‡M N. cÖv‣MwZnvwmK hy‡M mgevq mwgwZi AwR©Z gybvdvi KZ fvM eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e mwÂwZ Znwe‡j Rgv ivL‡Z nq?

K. 10% L. 15%  M. 20% N. 25% wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3435 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: ixgv, exbv, gxbv I BwZ Zv‡`i AvBwU we‡klÁ eÜz wg.

RvwKimn GKwU msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j| RvwKi †Kv‡bv A_© cÖ`vb e¨ZxZ e¨emvq gvwjKvbvq AskMÖnY K‡ib| wKQzw`b ci A_©‣bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y 10,00,000 UvKv †`bv †i‡L e¨emvqwU we‡jvcmvab nq| RvwKi †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi?

K. wb®…xq Askx`vi L. Kg©x Askx`vi M. mxwgZ Askx`vi N. bvggvÎ Askx`vi  RvwKi Kx cwigvY †`bv cwi‡kva Ki‡e?

K. 1 jÿ L. 2 jÿ 

36.

37.

38.



39.

40.

190

M. 2.5 jÿ N. †Kv‡bv A_© cwi‡kva Ki‡e bv e¨e¯’vcbv Kv‡h©i †Kvb ch©v‡q Av`k©gvb wba©viY Kiv nq?

K. cwiKíbv L. msMVb M. wb‡`©kbv N. wbqš¿Y  †h mg¯Í c`‡ÿ‡ci Ici cwiKíbv mdjZv wbf©i K‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv  i. fwel¨r my‡hvM-myweav g~j¨vqb ii. A_© msMÖn iii. Z_¨ msMÖn I we‡kølY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii  M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii k~b¨ c‡`i Rb¨ m¤¢vebvgq cÖv_©x Lyu‡R †ei Kiv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. Kg©x ms¯’vb L. Kg©x wbe©vPb M. Kg©x msMÖn  N. Kg©x wb‡qvM wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 39  40bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. †jvKgvb cÖMwZ nvDwRs wjwg‡UW Gi weµq wefv‡M `xN©w`b hveZ KvR K‡i Avm‡Qb| m¤cÖwZ Zv‡K weµq wefv‡Mi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi wn‡m‡e GKwU Mvox †`Iqv nq Ges hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡K GKwU Mvwo cÖ`vb K‡i| gvm‡jvi ZË¡ Abyhvqx wg. †jvKgv‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡q‡Q? K. wbivcËv Pvwn`v L. mvgvwRK Pvwn`v M. AvZ¥gh©v`vi Pvwn`v  N. AvZ¥c~Y©Zvi Pvwn`v wg. †jvKgvb Gi bZzb c‡` AwawôZ nIqvi †ÿ‡Î cÖMwZ nvDwRs wjwg‡UW Gi gvbem¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb w`KwU ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q‡Q? K. myôz bxwZ AbymiY  L. Kg©x Kj¨vY M. cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †gvKvwejv N. wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv Bgwcwiqvj K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.



c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] c„w_exi me‡P‡q cÖvPxbZg e¨emvq msMVb MVb Ki‡jv| Zviv GLb †`L‡Q Dcwewa‡Z †KvbwU? cwieZ©b G‡b GUv‡K eûgyLx mgevq bvgKiY K. GKgvwjKvbv  L. Askx`vwi Ki‡j AwaK myweav wb‡Z cvi‡e| M. mgevq mwgwZ N. †Kv¤úvwb 7. DÏxc‡K ZuvZxiv †h mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i‡Q e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ ej‡Z †evSvq D‡Ïk¨ wePv‡i Zv †Kvb ai‡bi  K. DcKi‡Yi ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b K. Drcv`K L. †fv³v M. µq N. weµq L. Kv‡h©i ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b  8. eûgyLx mgevq bvgKiY Ki‡j Zviv †h mKj M. D‡Ï‡k¨i ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b myweav cv‡e Zv n‡jv  N. bxwZi ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b i. weµq myweav ii. FY myweav iii. cÖwkÿY myweav e¨vswKs e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZ Rb? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 9. e¨emv‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvgvwRK Dcv`vb †KvbwU? K. 2 Rb L. 10 Rb M. 20 Rb N. 50 Rb K. gybvdv AR©b L. m¤ú‡`i e¨envi †UªW (µq-weµq) †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?

M. Rbkw³i mبenvi  N. Kg©ms¯’v‡bi K. iƒcMZ L. A_©MZ M. ¯^ZM¡ Z N. mgqMZ my‡hvM m„wó ißvwbKviK KLb digv‡qkK…Z cY¨ msMÖn ev 10. Pvwn`v †mvcvb Z‡Ë¡i D™¢veK †K? cÖ¯ÍyZ K‡i?

K. n¨viì KyÄm L. †nbwi †dIj K. digv‡qkcÎ cvIqvi ci M. Aveªvnvg g¨vm‡jv  N. WMjvm g¨vK‡MÖMvi L. cÖZ¨qbcÎ cvIqvi ci  11. †KvbwU BwZevPK †bZ…‡Z¡i aviYvi mv‡_ M. RvnvRx `wjjcÎ cvIqvi ci m¤úwK©Z? N. wewbgq nvi wba©vi‡Yi ci K. MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡  L. •¯^iZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ wZZvm b`xi cv‡oi †R‡jiv gnvR‡bi R¡vjvq M. jvMvgnxb N. wcZ…myjf AZxô| Zviv wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi mgevq MVb 12. `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY †Kvb e¨emv‡qi R‡b¨ Ki‡j AwaK DcK…Z n‡e? myweavRbK? K. µq mgevq mwgwZ K. †h․_gyjabx L. Askx`vwi M. mgevq N. GKgvwjKvbv L. weµq mgevq mwgwZ  13. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z b~¨bZg cwiPvjK M. FY`vb mgevq mwgwZ msL¨v KZRb? N. Drcv`b mgevq mwgwZ K. 2 Rb L. 3 RbM. 7 Rb N. 8 Rb wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 78bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14  15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iƒcM‡Äi ZuvZxiv myZv I is mn wewfbœ DcKiY Rbve dviæK GKRb ¯^bvgab¨ e¨w³| GKwU wKb‡Z †h‡q gvivZ¥Kfv‡e V‡K‡Q| ZvB Zviv G Askx`vwi e¨emv‡q wZwb g~jab mieivn K‡ib Ae¯’v †_‡K euvPvi R‡b¨ GKUv mgevq mwgwZ 191

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ bv| cwiPvjbvqI AskMÖnY K‡ib bv| Z‡e Zvi mybvg e¨env‡ii AbygwZ †`b| 14. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ Rbve dviæK †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi?

K. mvaviY Askx`vi L. bvggvÎ Askx`vi  M. wbw®…q Askx`vi N. mxwgZ Askx`vi 15. ivbv‡`i cÖ_‡g MwVZ Askx`vwi e¨emvq †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vwi e¨emvq wQj? K. mvaviY Askx`vwi L. wbw`©ó Askx`vwi  M. Hw”QK Askx`vwi N. mxwgZ Askx`vwi 16. cÖ_‡g eªxR wbg©v‡Yi ci Askx`vwi e¨emvq Pvjy _vKvq Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vwi ejv n‡e?

K. wbw`©ó Askx`vwi L. Hw”QK Askx`vwi M. mvaviY Askx`vwi  N. mxgve× Askx`vwi 17. XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ e¨emvq Kvh©µg †Kvb ai‡bi A_©ms¯’v‡bi Drm? K. ¯^í‡gqvw` L. ga¨‡gqvw` M. ¯^í I ga¨‡gqvw` N. `xN©‡gqvw`  18. †Kvb msMVb KvVv‡gv wP‡Îi gva¨‡g wb‡`©k Kiv n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. msMVb KvVv‡gv L. KwgwU M. msMVb PvU©  N. msMVb wi‡cvU© 19. weÁ e¨emvqxMY c‡Y¨i RxebP‡µi †Kvb ch©v‡q †h‡q Ab¨Î wewb‡qvM mwi‡q †bb?

K. c~Y©Zv L. cÖe„w× M. cZb N. m~Pbv 20. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb mij‣iwLK msMVb †_‡K DËg †Kb? K. G‡ÿ‡Î e¨q Kg nq L. AcPq n«vm cvq M. mgš^‡q myweav nq N. we‡klvq‡bi mydj jvf Kiv hvq  21. mgevq msMV‡b gybvdvi KZ fvM mwÂwZ Znwe‡j ivL‡Z nq?

K. 5% L. 10% M. 15%  N. 20% 22. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q gvwj‡Ki e¨w³MZ myweav †KvbwU? K. ¯^vaxbZv  L. mnR MVb M. ¯^í g~jab N. †MvcbxqZv 23. c‡`vbœwZi wfwË KqwU?

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb) K. `yBwU L. wZbwU M. PviwU N. cuvPwU 24. evRviRvZKiY cÖmv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv  i. wKb‡Z eva¨ Kiv ii. µ‡q cÖ‡ivwPZ Kiv iii. †µZv‡K AewnZ Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mv`gvb ivRkvnxi AvgevMvb †_‡K wewfbœ Rv‡Zi Avg msMÖn K‡i| c‡i AvK…wZ I •ewkó¨ Abyhvqx wewfbœ fv‡M Avg fvM K‡i _v‡Kb| cieZ©x‡Z XvKvi LyPiv e¨emvqx‡`i wbKU weµq K‡ib|

25. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Giƒc Avg fvM Kiv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. †gvoKxKiY L. evRviRvZKiY M. cÖwgZKiY N. ch©vwqZKiY  26. wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvi cÖ_g c`‡ÿc †KvbwU? K. Av`k© gvb wbqš¿Y  L. ms‡kvabg~jK c`‡ÿc wba©viY M. wePz¨wZi KviY wba©vib N. †KvbwUB bq  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 27  28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Kvgvj wgwjwbqvg MÖæ‡ci 10wU †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb| D³ cÖwZôv‡bi Avw_©K cÖ‡qvR‡b FYcÎ weµq Ki‡j Rbve Kvgv‡ji eÜz ivnvZ 5 jÿ UvKvq FYcÎ µq K‡ib| cwiPvjK wb‡qv‡Mi evwl©K mvaviY mfvq `yRb‡KB †fvU w`‡Z †M‡j ivnvZ †fvU w`‡Z cvi‡jb bv| 27. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ivnvZ †fvU w`‡Z e¨_© nIqvi KviYK. Kg g~‡j¨i FYcÎ µ‡qi KviY L. FYcÎ MÖnxZv‡`i †fvU`v‡bi AwaKvi _v‡K bv M. wZwb wb‡RB cÖv_x© wQ‡jb †mRb¨ N. Zv‡K †KD wP‡b bv e‡j 28. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ivnvZ cieZ©x‡Z †fvU w`‡Z PvB‡j Zvi KiYxq n‡jv  i. wgwjwbqvg MÖæ‡ci †kqvi µq Ki‡Z n‡e ii. Kvgvj mv‡ne‡K ev` w`‡Z n‡e iii. †ekx g~‡j¨i FYcÎ µq Ki‡Z n‡e

192

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb) 35. wbqš¿Y cÖwµqvq Av`k©gv‡bi mv‡_ cÖK…Z Kvh©dj Zzjbvi ci KiYxq Kx? K. Av`k©gvb g~j¨vqb L. wePz¨wZ g~j¨vqb  M. bZzb cwiKíbv MÖnY N. ms‡kvabxg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY 36. †h e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖZ¨ÿ m¤ú‡K©i cÖ‡qvRb Zv n‡jvK. d‡Uv †Zvjvi e¨emvq L. †givgZ KviLvbv M. ZuvZ wkí N. †g․mywg d‡ji †`vKvb 37. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ‡Z m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ jf¨vsk Kxfv‡e ewÈZ nq?

K. g~jab Abycv‡Z L. µq Abycv‡Z  M. weµq Abycv‡Z N. †fvM Abycv‡Z 38. Rbve dqmvj GKwU †cvkvK cÖ¯ÍyZ wk‡íi Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcK| Zvi KvR n‡jv 

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii

29. e›`i †_‡K cY¨ Lvjv‡k Avg`vwbKviK‡K †K mnvqZv K‡i?

K. wK¬qvwis G‡R›U  L. d‡ivqvwW©s G‡R›U M. cvi‡mvbvj G‡R›U N. †KvbwUB bq 30. Kg©x‡`i Dci `vwqZ¡ w`‡q †h †bZv wbwðZ _v‡Kb Zv‡K Kx ai‡bi †bZ…Z¡ e‡j?

K. MYZvwš¿K L. •¯^iZvwš¿K M. jvMvgnxb  N. Kj¨vYKvgx 31. Awjw¤úK MÖæc Zv‡`i gvV ch©v‡qi weµq Kg©KZ©v‡`i wb‡q GKw`‡bi GKUv cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡Z Pvq| Zv‡`i R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i  i. e³…Zv c×wZ ii. Av‡jvPbv c×wZ iii. ch©‡eÿY c×wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii  M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

i. cwiKíbv MÖnY ii. wb‡`©k †`qv iii. Kv‡R wi‡cvU© msMÖn Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 39  40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e„wó GKwU eywUK cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK| Zvi eywU‡Ki Kvc‡oi •ewkó¨ n‡”Q wZwb wewfbœfv‡e Kvc‡o MÖvg-evsjvi cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h©¨i wPÎ dz‡U Zz‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b Abyiƒc Zv‡`i GKB wWRvBb ïiæ K‡i| G‡Z K‡i Zv‡K Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq|

32. Riæwi †Kvb mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb AwaK Dc‡hvMx? K. Kvh©wfwËK msMVb L. mij‣iwLK msMVb M. KwgwU msMVb  N. mij‣iwLK I c`¯’ Kg©x msMVb  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 33 34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iƒcvqb Mv‡g©›Um wjwg‡UW Gi cwiPvjK †gvt Rwmg DwÏb| wZwb Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x‡`i kvw¯Í I fq-fxwZ cÖ`k©b K‡i KvR Av`vq K‡ib| 33. †gvt Rwmg DwÏb †Kvb ai‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b?

K. †bwZevPK L. Kg©‡Kw›`ªK M. Kg©x‡Kw›`ªK N. •¯^iZvwš¿K  34. †gv: Rwm‡gi †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôv‡bi 

39. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e„wói e¨emv‡q mvd‡j¨i we‡kl KviY †KvbwU? K. GKK wm×všÍ L. K‡g© ¯^vaxbZv M. e¨w³MZ •bcyY¨  N. Amxg `vq 40. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †gvKv‡ejvq e„wó Ki‡Z cv‡ib i. weÁvcb e„w× ii. c‡Y¨i DrKl©Zv e„w× iii. bZzb bZzb weµq †K›`ª †Lvjv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 

i. Kv‡Ri MwZ evovq ii. Drcv`b n«vm K‡i iii. Kg©x‡`i g‡bvej n«vm K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

193

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (miKvwi wRqv gwnjv K‡jR,†dbx) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-cÖ_gcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU 1.

2.

3.



4.

5.

6.

7.

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? e¨emv‡qi cÖv_wgK KvR †KvbwU? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  K. Drcv`b  L. eÈb M. †mev cÖ`vb N. cY¨ mieivn  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 89bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: BwZ, wjRv, gywk©`v I †Kqv GKwU Askx`vwi e¨emvq e¨emvq cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb n‡jv  ïiæ Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| G‡`i g‡a¨ †Kqv bvevwjKv| BwZ i. HwZnvwmK cwi‡ek GKwU †emiKvwi wK¬wb‡Ki bvm©, gywk©`v miKvwi ii. cÖvK…wZK I e¯ÍyMZ cwi‡ek Kg©Pvix Ges wjRv ivR¯^ †ev‡W© PvKwiiZ| iii. A_©‣bwZK cwi‡ek wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 8. G‡`i g‡a¨ Askx`vi n‡Z cvi‡eb  K. i L. i I ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  K. BwZ L. wjRv M. gywk©`v N. †Kqv GKgvwjKvbv msMV‡bi R‡b¨ KZ mv‡ji AvBb 9. †Kqv‡K †Kvb k‡Z© dv‡g©i Askx`vi evbv‡bv hvq?

Kvh©Kix? K. gybvdv cÖ`v‡bi k‡Z© K. 1913 mvj L. 1932 mvj L. g~jab mieiv‡ni k‡Z©  M. 2001 mvj N. wbw`©ó AvBb †bB  M. mybvg cÖ`v‡bi k‡Z© wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 45bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: N. evowZ †hvM¨Zvi k‡Z© dRj Avnv¤§` Zvi Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z kvKmewR 10. †Kvb e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b MVbcÖYvjx RwUj? I gvQ b¨vh¨ `v‡g wewµi R‡b¨ MÖv‡g wbR K. GKgvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi gvwjKvbvq GKwU e¨emvq Pvjy K‡ib| M. †Kv¤úvwb  N. mgevq mwgwZ ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxi Sv‡gjv bv _vKvq wZwb 11. †Kvb e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b MVbcÖYvwj RwUj? jvfRbKfv‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| K. GK gvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi dRj Avn¤§` Gi e¨emv‡qi AvqZb Kxiƒc?

M. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb K. e„n`vqZb L. ÿz`ªvqZb  N. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb  M. gvSvwi AvqZb N. gy`ª gvSvwi AvqZb 12. ¯§viKwjwci welq n‡jv  dRj Avnv¤§` e¨emvq MV‡bi †cQ‡b †Kvb i. bvg aviv ii. Ae¯’vb I wVKvbv aviv Dcv`vbwU †ewk Kvh©Kwi wQj? iii. D‡Ïk¨ aviv K. e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM  L. mnR MVb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M. ¯^vaxb †ckv N. cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veavb K. i L. ii I iii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  evsjv‡`‡k envj Askx`vwi AvBb KZ mv‡ji?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 13  14 bs cÖ‡kœi K. 1913 mvj L. 1932 mvj  DËi `vI: M. 1994 mvj N. 2001 mvj Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW †kqv‡ii g~j¨ fv‡jv Askx`vwi Pzw³ n‡Z cv‡i Ae¯’v‡b _v‡K| KviY G cÖwZôvb wbqwgZ Zvi i. †g․wLK ii. wjwLZ iii. wbewÜZ †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i jf¨vsk wn‡m‡e †evbvm 194

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ †kqvi, bM` A_© cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| 13. hviv Bmjvgx e¨vs‡Ki †kqvi µq K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i‡K Kx e‡j?

K. †kqvi‡nvìvi  L. ÷K †nvìvi M. †kqvic‡Îi gvwjK N. avwg©K 14. Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi A_© Kx? K. †kqvi msL¨v L. †kqvi †nvìvi‡`i mxwgZ `vq M. gybvdv N. mxgve× my` 15. †Kvb e¨emv‡qi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv m`m¨‡`i A_©‣bwZK Kj¨vY? K. GKgvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi M. †Kv¤úvwb N. mgevq mwgwZ  16. †fv³v mgevq mwgwZ MV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv  i. b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ cY¨ µq ii. gybvdv AR©b iii. `ÿZvi Dbœqb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii 17. wbgœweË m¤úbœ gvby‡li AvZ¥iÿvi Dcvq †KvbwU? K. GKgvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi M. mgevq  N. †Kv¤úvwb 18. †KvbwU e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb cÖwµqvi AšÍfy©³ bq?

K. A_© msMÖn L. A_© iÿYv‡eÿY M. A_© wewb‡qvM N. wnmve msiÿY  19. KZ mv‡j PÆMÖvg ÷K G·‡PÄ Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq?

K. 1976 mv‡j L. 1988 mv‡j M. 2001 mv‡j N. 1995 mv‡j  20. evsjv‡`‡ki we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK n‡jv 

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb) K. i

L. ii 

M. iii

N. i, ii I iii

23. Pvjvwb iwm` †K cÖ`vb K‡ib?

K. e¨vsK L. RvnvR KZ…©cÿ  M. Rvnv‡Ri bvweK N. exgv †Kv¤úvwb  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24  25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wkwki Pxb †_‡K Mv‡g©Èm DcKiY µq K‡i †cvkvK •Zwi K‡i hy³iv‡óª ißvwb K‡ib| Pxb n‡Z cY¨ µ‡qi †ÿ‡Î Avg`vwbKviK‡K mieiv‡ni †h AbygwZ cÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| 24. wkwki‡K Pxb †_‡K cY¨ µ‡qi R‡b¨ †KvbwU msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e?

K. Pvjvb L. Avg`vwb jvB‡mÝ  M. Gjwm N. Pvjvwb iwm` 25. Pxb †_‡K cY¨ wK‡b hy³iv‡óª ißvwb Kiv‡K Kx e‡j?

K. Avg`vwb L. µq M. weµq N. cybtißvwb 26. •eÁvwbK e¨e¯’vcbv Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? K. †nbwi †dqj L. Gd.WweøD †Uji  M. Gj.G. G‡jb N. GjUb †g‡qv 27. e¨e¯’vcbvi DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ c‡o  i. gvbyl ii. A_© iii. c×wZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i, ii I iii L. i I ii M. iii N. ii I iii

 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 28  29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. Bgvb mv‡ne Zvi cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvi R‡b¨ GKwU cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wZwb cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wZwb cwiKíbv hv‡`i Øviv ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e Zv‡`i wbKU †hb MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cvq †mw`‡K we‡kl `„wó †`q| GR‡b¨ wZwb Askx`vwiZ¡g~jK e¨e¯’vcbvi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡ib| 28. Askx`vwiZ¡g~jK e¨e¯’vcbvi Aci bvg Kx? K. MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbv  L. AvgjvZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbv M. gb¯ÍvwË¡K e¨e¯’vcbv N. †KvbwUB bq

i. evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK ii. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK iii. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I iii  M. iii N. i, ii I iii

21. c‡Y¨i Rxeb P‡µi cÖ_g avc n‡jv  K. c~Y©Zv L. cÖe„w× M. m~Pbv  N. cZb 22. †KvbwU †fvM¨c‡Y¨i g‡a¨ c‡o? i. cvU, Zzjv ii. Pvj, Wvj iii. kvwo, Mnbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

195

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ 29. Av`k© cwiKíbvi GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸Y n‡jv  K. wPšÍb gbb cÖwµqv L. DËg K¤ú M. MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv  N. wbqš¿Y myweav 30. †KvbwU ¯’vqx cÖK…wZi KwgwU? K. cwiPvjbv cl©`  L. mycvwik KwgwU M. Z`šÍ KwgwU N. me¸‡jv 31. msMVb KvVv‡gvi we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv 

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPwb) 35. DËg wb‡`©kbvi •ewkó¨ n‡jv  i. †h․w³KZv ii. ¯úóZv iii. bgbxqZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii  M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

36. cÖkvm‡bi ü`wcÛ †KvbwU? K. Kg©xms¯’vb L. †bZ…Z¡ M. wbqš¿Y N. wb‡`©kbv  37. †cÖlYv `v‡bi Dcvq KqwU? K. 5wU L. 3wU M. 2wU  N. 7wU  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 38  39bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve wkgyj GKwU Kvco •Zwi KviLvbvi e¨e¯’vcbv cwiPvjK| wZwb kªwgK‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖZ¨vkvbyhvqx Kvh© Av`v‡qi R‡b¨ Zv‡`i‡K Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi wewfbœ w`K wb‡`©kbvi cvkvcvwk †cÖlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Kvh©‡ÿ‡Î mn‡hvwMZv I HKvwšÍKZvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôvbwU w`b w`b m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| 38. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi †cÖlYv †Kvb Kv‡Ri AvIZvaxb?

K. msMVb L. wb‡`©kbv M. Kg©xms¯’vb N. †bZ…Z¡ `vb  39. Rbve wkgy‡ji cÖ`Ë †cÖlYvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv 

i. †Rvov gB wkKj ii. `ÿZv iii. fvimvg¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 

 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 32  33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. mvRy GKwU QvcvLvbvi D‡`¨v³v wZwb QvcvLvbvi R‡b¨ A_©, hš¿cvwZmn cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYvw` cwiKíbv Abyhvqx †hvMvb †`b| wKšÍy `ÿ Rbe‡ji Afv‡e Zvi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b e¨_© nq| wg. mvRy Kvjwej¤^ bv K‡i `ÿ Rbej wb‡qvM †`b| djkÖæwZ‡Z Zvi cÖwZôvb jvfRbK cÖwZôv‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| 32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖwZôv‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m¤ú`?

K. A_© L. hš¿cvwZ M. KuvPvgvj N. Rbkw³ 33. Kg©x‡`i Dbœq‡bi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb 

i. `ÿZv e„w× ii. AwaK Drcv`b iii. AwaK wbf©ikxjZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

i. cÖwkÿY ii. c‡`vbœwZi e¨e¯’v iii. ZË¡veavqK msL¨v e„w× Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii  N. i I iii

40. e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqvi me©‡kl Kv‡Ri bvg Kx? K. cwiKíbv L. wbqš¿Y M. †bZ…Z¡ `vb N. Kvh©dj cwigvc

34. wb‡Pi †Kvb KvR †bZ…Z¡`v‡bi mv‡_ m¤ú„³?

K. wb‡`©kbv L. †cÖlYv M. †hvMv‡hvM N. me¸‡jv 

196

GBP.Gm.wm2013 welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) (e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv) mgq: 2 NÈv 10 wgwbU

welq †KvW: 2 2 9

c~Y©gvb: 60

[`ªóe¨: Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c~Y©gvb ÁvcK| K wefvM †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ wZbwU Ges L wefvM †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ `yBwUmn †h †Kv‡bv QqwU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI]

K-wefvM: e¨emvq msMVb 1| Rbve Avd‡ivR cvuPRb Kg©x wb‡q †iW †ivR bv‡g GKwU Kvc‡oi †`vKvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| evRv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †gvKv‡ejvq g~jab e„w× Kivi Rb¨ †gŠwLK mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ wZwb Zvi eÜz mwjg‡K e¨emv‡qi m`m¨ K‡ib| G‡Z cÖwZôvbwU jvfRbK n‡q D‡V| wKš‘ GKRb †`bv`vi GK jÿ UvKv †`bv cwi‡kv‡a Mwogwm Ki‡jI wZwb †mB cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ AvBbx e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| d‡j cÖwZôvbwU mgm¨vi m¤§ywLb nq| (K) e¨emv‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 1 (L) e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ ej‡Z wK eySvq? 2 (M) Rbve mwjg‡K m`m¨ †bqvi c~‡e© DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwUi aib wK wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôvbwU fwel¨‡Z Giƒc mgm¨v Gov‡Z KiYxq Kx? hyw³mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 2| wg. Avgxi GKRb †U·UvBj BwÄwbqvi| Zvi `ÿZv I AwfÁZvi Kvi‡Y webv g~ja‡b Rwni, Kvgiætj I wgRvb Zv‡K Askx`vi K‡ib †bq| Avgxi, Rwni I Kvgiæj cwiPvjbvq Ask †bq wKš‘ wgRvb cwiPvjbvq Ask ‡bqwb| wKš‘ eQi †k‡l mgvb gybvdv `vwe K‡i| (K) Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi b~¨bZg m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? 1 (L) Askx`vix e¨emv‡qi `vq Amxg-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 (M) wg. Avgxi †Kvb ai‡bi Askx`vi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) Zzwg wK g‡b Ki wg. wgRvb Ab¨‡`i gZ mgvb gybvdv cv‡e? hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI| 4 3| Rbve RvwKi Zvi 4 eÜz‡K wb‡q ïaygvÎ wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn K‡i K…wÎg ¯^Z¡vwewkó ÔAvbviKwjÕ bvgK GKwU ißvbxgyLx †cvkvK •Zwi KviLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib| we‡`‡k e¨vcK Pvwn`v _vKvq Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZôvbwU e¨vcK mdjZv cvq| KviLvbvwU m¤úªmvi‡Yi B”Qvq cyuwRi ¯^íZv `~ixKi‡bi Rb¨ evRv‡i †kqvi weµq Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb| GRb¨ Zviv m`m¨msL¨v wVK †i‡L wewa Abyhvqx wewfbœ `wjjcÎ •Zwi K‡i wbe܇Ki wbKU Av‡e`b K‡ib| (K) †kqvi Kx? 1 (L) †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³¯^Ë¡v ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 (M) Rbve RvwKi Zvi 4 eÜz‡`i wb‡q MwUZ cÖ_g ch©v‡qi msMV‡bi aib wKiƒc wQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) Zzwg wK g‡b Ki ÔAvbviKwjÕ cÖwZôvbwU †kqvi Qvovi AbygwZcÎ cv‡e? hyw³mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

4| wg. `Ë GKwU ÷xj wg‡ji gvwjK| KvuPvgvj µ‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv n‡j gvwmK wKw¯Í 1 jÿ UvKv K‡i 60 wKw¯Í‡Z cwi‡kv‡ai k‡Z© Ô‡ivRcvK© wjwRs †Kv.Õ †_‡K 50 jÿ UvKv FY †bb| cÖwZôvbwU mdjZv R©b K‡i Ges 2q Av‡iKwU BDwbU ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ †bq| GRb¨ Zv‡`i 10 †KvwU UvKv FY cÖ‡qvRb| (K) ÷K G·‡PÄ Kx? 1 (L) e¨emvq A_©Z¯’vb ej‡Z Kx eySvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 (M) †ivRcvK© wjwRs †Kv. †_‡K M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ †gqv`wfwËK †Kvb A_©¯’v‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) 10 †KvwU UvKv F‡Yi Rb¨ †gqv`wfwËK †Kvb A_©ms¯’vb †e‡Q †btqv hyw³hy&³ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? 4 5| wg. Rvgvj Zvi 30 Rb eÜz wb‡q AvBbMZ ¯^Z¡vwewkó GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jb hvi †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨| Kvh©v‡¤¢i AbygwZ cvIqvi ciB KvR Avg¤¢ K‡i Ges cÖwZôvbwU mdjZv cvq| Ab¨w`‡K ivRbMi AvevwmK GjvKvi 30wU cwiev‡ii KZ©ve¨w³iv cvi¯úwiK Avw_©K Kj¨v‡Yi wbwg‡Ë GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cÖwZôvbwUi gva¨‡g wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K Drcv`‡Ki wbKU n‡Z mivmwi wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq cY¨mvgMÖx msMÖn K‡i G‡b wb‡Ri ga¨ fvM K‡i †bb| (K) ¯§viKwjwc Kx? 1 (L)Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 (M) wg. Rvgvj I Zvi eÜz‡`i MwVZ msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ msMVb `ywUi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 L-wefvM: e¨e¯’vcbv 6| wgm bymvBev Zvi KviLvbvq wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mKj ¯Í‡ii Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i civgk© MÖnY K‡ib| G‡Z Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ cÖkvm‡bi cÖwZ BwZevPK aviYv m„wó nq| cÖwZôv‡b Drcv`b µgvš^‡q e„w× cv‡”Q| Aciw`‡K ÒwbSzg Øxc wj.Ó bvgK cÖwZôv‡bi KvR¸wj wewfbœ wefv‡M wef³| D”P wkwÿZ I AwfÁ e¨w³iv cÖwwZU wefv‡Mi `vwq‡Z¡ Av‡Qb| wKš‘ Zviv Aat¯Íb‡`i †_‡K †Kv‡bv civgk© †bb bv| G‡Z Kg©x‡`i g‡a¨ Am‡šÍvl †`Lv †`q Ges Drcv`‡bi jÿ¨ gvÎv AwR©Z n‡”Q bv| (K) msMVb Kx? 1 (L) msMVb PvU© ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 (M) ÒwbSzg Øxc wj.Ó Gi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi aiY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) †bZ…‡Z¡i †Kvb aiYwU Abymi‡Yi Kvi‡Y cÖ_g cÖwZôvbwU mdjZv cv‡”Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI| 4

198

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

7| ga¨weË cwiev‡ii mšÍvb Rbve cjvk †PŠayix XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K GgweG cvm Kivi ciciB GKwU eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb Zvi Kg©‡ÿ‡Î ev‡RU •Zwi I cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡Lb| nVvr K‡i Zvi ¯¿x RwUj †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j wZwb gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡½ c‡o Ges c~‡e©i b¨vq `ÿZvmnKv‡i KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| Gw`‡K we‡klÁ Wv³vi wg. cjv‡ki ¯¿x‡K e¨qeûj wPwKrmvi R‡b¨ we‡`‡k †cÖi‡Yi e¨e¯’vcÎ w`‡q‡Qb| (K) e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ Kv‡K e‡j?

1 (L) e¨e¯’vcbv mve©Rbxb- eywS‡q wjL| 2 (M) Rbve cjvk eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwbwUi e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb ¯Í‡i Kg©iZi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) Rbve cjvk‡K cÖwZôv‡b c~‡e©i b¨vq `ÿZvmnKv‡i Kv‡R wdwi‡q Avbvi R‡b¨ †Kvb ai‡bi †cÖlYv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4 8| wg. X Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡`i Av‡`k wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kivi c~‡e© ev¯ÍevqbKvix Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i wewfbœ wm×všÍ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡Z Zvi cÖwZôvbwU kZfvM jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b K‡i _v‡K| Aciw`‡K wg. Y memgq Kg©Pvixiv hv e‡j ev †hfv‡e civgk© †`q I KvR Ki‡Z Pvq †mfv‡e Zv‡`i KvR Ki‡Z †`b| wm×v‡šÍi e¨vcv‡i wZwb _v‡Kb wbwj©ß| G‡Z jÿ¨gvÎv AR©‡b memgq Zvi cÖwZôvb wcwQ‡q _v‡K| (K) †bZ…Z¡ Kx? 1 (L) wb‡`©kbv me©`vB wb‡Pi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 (M) wg. Y Gi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡`©kbvi aiY wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|

3

(N) wg. Y Gi wb‡`©kbvi ai‡bi †P‡q wg. X Gi wb‡`©kbvi aib DËg- wb‡`©kbvi aib D‡jøLc~e©K †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 9| ÒbxjwMwi wjtÓ GKwU e„nr †U·vBj wgj| Amy¯’ZvRwbZ Kvi‡Y e¨e¯’vcK PvKzix †_‡K Aemi †bb| cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ 60 eQi eqmx gwbi mv‡ne MZ 3 ermi †miv mn-e¨e¯’vcK wbe©vwPZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I 62 eQi eqmx byi Bmjvg mv‡ne‡K e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`qv nq| evRv‡i cÖPzi Pvwn`v _vKv m‡Ë¡I we`yt weåv‡Ui Kvi‡Y Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡”Q| G mgm¨v mgvav‡b KZ©„cÿ GKwU we`y¨r mve‡÷kb wbg©vY K‡ib Ges mvwe©K Z`viKxi Rb¨ GKRb we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qv‡Mi wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb| (K) cwiKíbv Kx? 1 (L) cÖwkÿY †Kb cÖ`vb Kiv nq? eywS‡q wjL| 2 (M) ÒbxjwMwi wjtÓ cÖwZôv‡b c‡`vbœwZi †Kvb wfwË AbymiY Kiv nq| e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) cÖwZôv‡b we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qv‡M Kg©x msMÖ‡ni †Kvb Drm e¨envi hyw³hy³?

4

199

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

†mU : K bgybv DËi GBPGmwm cixÿv 2013 welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW : 229 mgq : 2 N›Uv 10 wgwbU; c~Y©gvb 60 DËicÎ g~j¨vqb we‡eP¨ welqmg~n:    

cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi GKwU bgybv DZ&iZ †`Iqv Av‡Q| cixÿv_©xi DËi ûeû bgybv Dˇii gZ PvIqv cÖZ¨vwkZ nq| cixÿv_©xi DËi bgybv Dˇii †P‡q fvj, mggv‡bi ev Lvivc n‡Z cv‡i| cÖ`Ë bgybv Dˇii weKí †Kv‡bv mwVK DËiI _vK‡Z cv‡i| DËicÎ g~j¨vqbKvix‡K cixÿv_©xi mwVK weKí DËi we‡ePbvq G‡b b¤^i cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| DËi †jLvi †ÿ‡Î cixÿv_©x kãPqb, evK¨MVb I Dc¯’vcb †KŠkj bgybv DËi †_‡K wfbœ nIqv ¯^vfvweK| `ÿZv ¯Í‡ii (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `ÿZv) Dci wfwË K‡i b¤^i cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| cixÿv_©x cÖZ¨vwkZ `ÿZv ¯Íi Abyhvqx wjL‡Z cvi‡j H `ÿZv ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ eivÏK…Z c~Y© b¤^i cv‡e| †mRb¨ 21 (A‡a©K) b¤^i †`Iqv hv‡e bv|

1.K L.

Ávb Abyaveb

M.

Ávb cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

Ávb N.

D”PZi `ÿZv

e¨emv‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ gybvdv AR©b| mgv‡Ri cÖwZ e¨emv‡qi †h `vwqZ¡ Zv‡KB mnR A‡_© e¨emv‡qi mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ e‡j| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ c‡ÿi Kv‡Q cY¨ weµq K‡i gybvdv AR©b KivB e¨emv‡qi jÿ¨| ZvB mgv‡Ri wewfbœ c‡ÿi cÖwZ Kj¨vYg~jK `vwqZ¡ cvjb‡KB mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ e‡j| mgv‡Ri cÖwZ e¨emv‡qi †h `vwqZ¡ Zv‡KB mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ e‡j| Rbve mwjg‡K m`m¨ †bqvi c~‡e© DÏxcKwU‡Z ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwUi aiY wQj GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi| GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi ej‡Z eySvq †h e¨emv‡qi GKRb gvÎ gvwjK whwb g~jab wewb‡qvM, jvf‡jvKmvb †fvM I `vq MÖnY K‡ib| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve Avd‡ivR cvuP Kg©x wb‡q e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z bv cvivq wZwb Zvi eÜz‡K e¨emv‡qi m`m¨ K‡ib| †h‡nZz Rbve Avd‡ivR wb‡R gvwjK n‡q cvuP Kg©x wb‡q e¨emvq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| GB cvuP Kg©x gvwjK bb ïaygvÎ Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb| ZvB GUv ¯úó GLv‡b Rbve Avd‡ivR Gi e¨emvqwU wQ‡jv GKgvwjKvbv| GKRb e¨w³ hw` GKvB g~jab w`‡q e¨emv‡qi jvf †jvKmvb enb K‡i Zv‡KB GKgvwjKvbv e¨emvq e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwUi fwel¨r mgm¨v Gov‡Z cÖvwZôvwbK wjwLZ Pzw³ K‡i wbeÜb Ki‡Z n‡e †h‡nZz Zvi eÜz Qwjg‡K m`m¨ †bqvi ci cÖwZôvbwU Askx`vix Kvievi| Askx`vix Kvievi n‡”Q `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ cÖPwjZ AvBb Abyhvqx gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pzw³e× n‡q †h Kvievi MVb K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU wbewÜZ bv nIqvq AvBb Abyhvqx †`bv`v‡ii weiæ‡× 100 UvKvi †ewk cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| 200

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb Ávb 2.K Ávb L Abyaveb

M.

Ávb cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

N.

Ávb D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

fwel¨‡Z Giƒc mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU Askx`vix AvBb Abyhvqx wbeÜb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡j †Kvb †`bv`vi cvIbv Av`v‡q A¯^xKvi Ki‡j Zvi weiæ‡× AvBb Abyhvqx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv hv‡e| Askx`vix Kvievi n‡”Q `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ cÖPwjZ AvBb Abyhvqx gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pzw³e× n‡q †h Kvievi MVb K‡i| cÖwZôvbwUi gvwjK Rbve Avd‡ivR Zvi eÜz mwjg‡K †gŠwLK mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ e¨emv‡qi m`m¨ Kivq cÖwZm&VvbwU Askx`vix Kviev‡i cwiYZ nq, †h‡nZz †gŠwLK Pzw³i gva¨‡gI Askx`vix Kvievi MVb Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU wbewÜZ bv nIqvq †`bv`v‡ii weiæ‡× cvIbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Askx`vix Kvievi ej‡Z eySvq `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ Askx`vix AvBb Abyhvqx cyuwR wewb‡qvM K‡i gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h Pzw³ K‡i| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pzw³i gva¨‡g †h Kvievi MVb K‡i Zv‡K Askx`vix Kvievi e‡j| Askx`vix e¨emv‡qi g~b¨Zg m`m¨ msL¨v 2 Rb| Askx`vix e¨emv‡qi Amxg `vq ej‡Z eySvq Askx`viMY †hŠ_fv‡e A_ev GKKfv‡e e¨emv‡qi AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y© `vq-`vwq‡Z¡i R‡b¨ `vqx _v‡K| d‡j e¨emv‡qi `v‡qi Rb¨ Zv‡`i e¨w³ m¤úwËI `vqe× nq| Amxg `vq ej‡Z Askx`viM‡Yi mgwôMZ I e¨w³MZ `vq‡K eySvq| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. Avwgi Kg©x Askx`vi| Kg©x Askx`vi ej‡Z eySvq †h Askx`vi e¨emvq g~jab Avbqb K‡i bv Z‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i gybvdvi Ask cvq Ges jvf‡jvKmvb enb K‡i| wg. Avwgi e¨emvq g~jab wewb‡qvM bv Ki‡jI `ÿZv I AwfÁZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i e¨emv‡qi Kg©x Askx`vi| Kg©x Askx`vi ej‡Z eySvq †h Askx`vi e¨emv‡q gjab Avbqb K‡i bv Z‡e e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq mwµqfv‡e AskÖMÖnY K‡i gybvdvi Ask cvq Ges jvf‡jvKmvb enb K‡i| wg. Avwgi Askx`vix e¨emv‡qi GKRb Kg©x Askx`vi| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. wgRvb GKRb wbw®Œq Askx`vi| wbw®Œq Askx`vi ej‡Z eySvq †h Askx`vi gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨emv‡q †KejgvÎ g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i A_P e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq ev e¨e¯’vcbvq mwµq AskMÖnY K‡i bv Zv‡K wbw®Œq Askx`vi e‡j| †h‡nZz wg. wgRvb g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡ib wKš‘ e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskÖMnY K‡ib bv ZvB wZwb GKRb wbw®Œq Askx`vi| n¨vu, Avwg g‡b Kwi wg. wgRvb e¨emvq †_‡K gybvdv cv‡e| KviY Askx`vix AvBb Abyhvqx wbw®Œq Askx`vi gybvdv †fvM Kivi AwaKvix| wg. wgRvb GKRb wbw®Œq Askx`vi| wbw®Œq Askx`vi ej‡Z eySvq †h Askx`vi gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨emv‡q †KejgvÎ g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i A_P e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq ev e¨e¯’vcbvq mwµq AskÖMnY K‡i bv Zv‡K wbw®Œq Askx`vi e‡j| †h‡nZz wg. wgRvb g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i wKš‘ e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq AskÖMnY K‡ib bv ZvB wZwb GKRb wbw®Œq Askx`vi| wg. wgRvb GKRb wbw®Œq Askx`vi| wbw®Œq Askx`vi ej‡Z eySvq †h Askx`vi gybvdv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨emv‡q †KejgvÎ g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i A_P e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq ev e¨e¯’vcbvq mwµq AskÖMnY K‡i bv| 201

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Ávb 3.K Ávb L Ávb

Ávb Ávb M.

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

Ávb N.

D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb Ávb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

wg. wgRvb GKRb wbw®Œq Askx`vi| g~ja‡bi ÿz`ª Ask‡K †kqvi e‡j| e¨w³ bv n‡qI e¨w³i b¨vq AvBbMZ AwaKvi I gh©v`v jv‡fi ÿgZv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡v e‡j| K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡v ej‡Z †Kv¤úvwb wb‡R‡K A‡b¨i wbKU I Ab¨‡K wb‡Ri wbKU `vqe× Ki‡Z cv‡i| wbR bv‡g gvgjv K‡Z cv‡i I FYMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨w³ bv n‡qI ew³i b¨vq AvBbMZ AwaKvi I gh©v`v jv‡fi ÿgZv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡v e‡j| e¨w³ bv n‡qI e¨w³i b¨vq AvBbMZ AwaKvi I gh©v`v jv‡fi ÿgZv‡K †Kv¤úvwbi K…wÎg e¨w³mË¡v e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve RvwK‡ii cÖ_g ch©v‡qi msMVbwU GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| mxwgZ `v‡qi wfwˇZ me©wb¤œ 2 Rb Ges me©vwaK 50 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivi k‡Z© †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi AvIZvq K…wÎZ mË¡v wewkó †h cÖwZôvb MVb Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z RvwK‡ii cÖwZôv‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v 5 Rb Ges K…wÎg mË¡v wewkó¨ ev hv cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| ZvB GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| Rbve RvwK‡ii cÖ_g ch©v‡qi msMVbwU GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| KviY m`m¨msL¨v 5 Rb mxwgZ `v‡qi wfwˇZ me©wb¤œ 2 Rb Ges me©vwaK 50 Rb m`m¨ wb‡q †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi bv Kivi k‡Z© †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi AvIZvq †h K…wÎg mË¡vwewkó cÖwZôvb MVb Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve RvwK‡ii msMVbwU‡Z m`m¨ msL¨v 8 Rb nIqvi Kvi‡Y msMVbwU GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| ÔAvbviKwjÕ cÖwZôvbwU †kqvi Qvovi AbygwZ cv‡e bv| †kqvi Qovi AbygwZi Rb¨ Av‡M GwU‡K cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡K cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j †ek wKQz kZ©vejx c~iY Ki‡Z nq| Ab¨vb¨ kZ© c~iY Kiv n‡jI m`m¨ msL¨v e„w× K‡i Kgc‡ÿ 7-G DbœxZ Kiv nqwb| †Kbbv cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi b~¨bZg m`m¨ msL¨v 7| G Kvi‡Y wbe܇Ki wbKU mKj `wjjcÎ Rgv w`‡jI m`m¨ msL¨v e„w× bv Kivi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôvbwU cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvb‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e bv Ges evRv‡i †kqvi Qvovi AbygwZcÎ cv‡e bv| cÖwZôvbwU †kqvi Qvovi AbygwZ cv‡e bv| †kqvi Qvovi AbygwZi Rb¨ Av‡M GwU‡K cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZôvbwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| KviY Gi m`m¨ msL¨v 5 Rb| †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j Zvi m`m¨ msL¨v b~¨bZg 7 R‡b DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwUi m`m¨ msL¨v 5 Rb †i‡L cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ KvMRcÎ wewa Abyhvqx •Zwi K‡i wbe܇Ki wbKU Rgv †`b| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| †Kbbv Gi m`m¨ msL¨v 5 Rb| †kqvi Qvo‡Z n‡j cvewjK-G iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr m`m¨ msL¨v b~¨bZg 7 R‡b DbœxZ Ki‡Z n‡e| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU GKwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| †kqvi Qvo‡Z n‡j cvewjK-G iƒcvšÍi 202

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

4.K Ávb L.

Abyaveb

M.

Ávb cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

N.

Ávb D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

Ávb 5.K Ávb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b ZvwjKvfy³ cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi I FYcÎ †Kbv-‡ePv nq Zv‡K †kqvi evRvi e‡j| e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© msMÖn, msM„wnZ A_© iÿYv‡eÿY, A_© e¨emv‡q wewb‡qvM, m‡e©vcwi gybvdv AR©b I A_©vqb e„wׇK e¨emvq A_©msm_vb e‡j| e¨emv‡qi mvdj¨ `ÿ A_©ms¯’v‡bi e¨env‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i _v‡K, Gi d‡j e¨emv‡qi Znwe‡ji myôz e¨envi wbwðZ nq| A‡_©i †hvMvb, A‡_©i msMÖnKiY ev e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab msMÖnB A_©ms¯’vb| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †ivRcvK© wjwRs †Kvs _v‡K M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ ga¨ †gqv`x A_©ms¯’v‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ GK eQi †_‡K 5 eQi ch©šÍ †gqv‡`i Rb¨ e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b †h A_©ms¯’vb Kiv nq Zv‡K ga¨ †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU 60 gvm A_©vr 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ FYwU MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hv ga¨‡gqvw` A_©ms¯’v‡bi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †ivRcvK© wjwRs †Kvs †_‡K M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ ga¨ †gqv`x A_©ms¯’v‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ GK eQi †_‡K 5 eQi ch©šÍ †gqv‡`i Rb¨ e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡b †h A_© ms¯’vb Kiv nq Zv‡K ga¨ †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb e‡j| ewY©Z †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K FY MÖn‡Yi mv‡_ ga¨ †gqvw` A_©ms¯’v‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z F‡Yi Rb¨ `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb †e‡Q †bqv hyw³hy³| 5 eQi †_‡K †ekx mg‡qi Rb¨ M„nxZ FY A_sms¯’vb‡K `xN©‡gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb ejv nq| Giƒc FY †bqv nq, AwaK cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A_ev ¯’vqx m¤úwˇZ wewb‡qv‡Mi R‡b¨| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU 50 jÿ UvKv FY MÖnY K‡i 5 eQ‡i cwi‡kva K‡i| Zvic‡ÿ 10 †KvwU UvKv FY wb‡q 5 eQi ev Zvi Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Kiv m¤¢e bq| GQvov cÖwZôvbwU ¯’vqx m¤úwˇZ wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ G FY MÖnY Ki‡e| ZvB Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i c‡ÿ G FY cwi‡kva Am¤¢e| AZGe cÖwZôvbwU `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb †e‡Q †bqvUv hyw³hy³ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| 10 †KvwU UvKv F‡Yi Rb¨ `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb hyw³hy³| 5 eQi †_‡K Z‡ZvaŸ© mg‡qi Rb¨ M„nxZ FY/A_©ms¯’vb‡K `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb ejv nq| Giƒc FY †bqv nq AwaK cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A_ev ¯’vqx m¤úwˇZ wewb‡qv‡Mi R‡b¨| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU 50 jÿ UvKv FY MÖnY K‡i 5 eQ‡i cwi‡kva K‡i| Zvi c‡ÿ 10 †KvwU UvKv FY wb‡q 5 eQi Zvi Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ cwi‡kva Kiv m¤¢e bq| 10 †KvwU UvKv F‡Yi Rb¨ `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb hyw³hy³| 5 eQi †_‡K Z‡Zva© mg‡qi Rb¨ M„nxZ FY/A_©ms¯’vb‡K `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb ejv nq| Giƒc FY †bqv nq AwaK cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A_ev ¯’vqx m¤úwˇZ wewb‡qv‡Mi R‡b¨| 10 †KvwU UvKv F‡Yi Rb¨ `xN© †gqvw` A_©ms¯’vb hyw³hy³| ¯§viKwjwc n‡”Q †hŠ_g~abx †Kv¤úvwbi g~j `wjj| 203

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

L.

Abyaveb Ávb

M.

cÖ‡qvM

Ávb

N.

Ávb D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

Ávb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

ÿz`ª wk‡íi gvwjK I kÖwgKMY mgev‡qi gva¨‡g e„nr Drcv`‡bi myweavw` †fvM Kivi R‡b¨ †h mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`K I kÖwgKiv G ai‡bi mwgwZ MVb K‡i| wewfbœ ÿz`ª wk‡íi gvwjK I kÖwgKMY mgev‡qi gva¨‡g e„nr Drcv`‡bi myweavw` †fvM Kivi Rb¨ †h mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`K mgevq mwgwZ e‡j| wg. Rvgvj I Zvi eÜz‡`i MwVZ msMVbwU nj cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb| †h msMV‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v Kgc‡ÿ 7 Ges †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ Zv‡K cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b wg. Rvgvj Zvi 30 Rb eÜz‡K wb‡q AvBbMZ mË¡vwewkó, †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb hv cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©| wg. Rvgvj I Zvi eÜz‡`i MwVZ msMVbwU nj cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb| †h msMV‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v Kgc‡ÿ 7 Ges †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ Zv‡K cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb e‡j| wg. Rvgvj I Zvi e›`y‡`i MwVZ msMVbwU nj cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ msMVb `yÕwUi g‡a¨ ivRbMi AvevwmK GjvKvi msMVbwUi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨`~i Kiv m¤¢e| †h‡nZz GwU GKwU mgevq mwgwZ| mgevq mwgwZ n‡”Q †¯^”QvK…Zfv‡e wgwjZ n‡q KwZcq e¨w³ wb‡R‡`i AwaK my‡hvM myweav e„w×i R‡b¨ mgAwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ †h cÖwZôvb MVb I cwiPvjbv K‡i| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖ_g msMVbwU GKwU cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb| KviY G cÖwZôvbwU †kqvi Aev‡a n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ Ges wbeÜb cvIqvi ciB KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wØZxq cÖwZôvbwU mgevq mwgwZ| KvjY ivRMbi AvevwmK GjvKvi KZ©ve¨w³iv wb‡R‡`i cvi¯úwiK Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZôvbwU M‡o †Zv‡jb| cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb| Zv‡`i g~j iÿ¨ n‡jv gybvdv AR©b, mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨ `~i Kiv bq| Avi mgevq mwgwZi jÿ¨ n‡jv wb¤œweËm¤úbœ GKB †kÖYxi gvbyl wb‡R‡`i cvi¯úwiK Kj¨vY mvab Kiv I mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨ `~i Kiv| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ ivRbMi AvevwmK GjvKvq mgevq msMVbwUi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨ `~iv Kiv m¤¢e| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ msMVb `ywUi g‡a¨ wØZxq msMVbwi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e †h‡nZz GwU GKwU mgevq msMVb| †¯^”QvK…Zfv‡e wgwjZ n‡q KwZcq e¨w³ wb‡R‡`i Avw_©K my‡hvM-myweav e„w×i R‡b¨ mgAwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ †h cÖwZm&Vvb MVb I cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K mgevq mwgwZ e‡j| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖ_g msMVbwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb| KviY G msMVbwU Aev‡a †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi wØZxq cÖwZôvbwU mgevq mwgwZ, KviY Zviv cvi¯úwiK Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ Drcv`‡Ki wbKU n‡Z cY¨ µh K‡i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ eÈb K‡i| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wØZxq msMVbwUi gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri Avq •elg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e †h‡nZz GwU GKwU mgevq mwgwZ| †¯^”QvK…Zfv‡e wgwjZ n‡q KwZcq e¨w³ wb‡R‡`i Avwa©K my‡hvMmyweav e„w×i R‡b¨ mgAwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ †h cÖwZôvb MVb I cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K mgevq mwgwZ e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z `yÕwU msMV‡bi g‡a¨ wØZxq msMVbwUi gva¨‡g mgv‡R Avq •elg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e| 204

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

6.K Ávb

L.

Abyaveb

Ávb

Ávb M.

cÖ‡qvM

6.N

D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

D‡Ïk¨vejx AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vejx †kÖYxe×KiY, `vwqZ¡mg~‡ni msÁv wb¤œiƒc, wbe©vnx‡`i g‡a¨ KZ©„Z¡ Ac©Y I ÿgZv eÈb Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ AvbyôvwbK m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi cÖwµqv‡K msMVb e‡j| †Kvb e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmb msµvšÍ mvsMVwbK iƒc my¯úófv‡e cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ †h ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq Zv‡K msMVb PvU© e‡j| msMVb Pv‡U© Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ wewfbœ wefvM, Dc-wefvM I kvLvi Kvh©vejx wbw`©ó K‡i †`q| †Kv‡bv e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmb msµvšÍ mvsMVwbK iƒc my¯úófv‡e cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ †h ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq Zv‡K msMVb PvU© e‡j| msMVb Pv‡U© Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ wewfbœ wefvM, Dc-wefvM I kvLvi Kvh©vejx wbw`©ó K‡i †`q| e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmb msµvšÍ mvsMVwbK iƒc my¯úófv‡e cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ †h ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z ‘ Kiv nq Zv‡K msMVb PvU© e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wbSzg Øxc wj. G Kvh©wfwËK msMVb KvVv‡gv we`¨gvb| e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©vejx‡K Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wewfbœ fv‡M fvM K‡i GKRb wbe©vnx/we‡klÁ‡K GK GKwU wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq †h msMV‡b Zv‡K Kvh©wfwËK msMVb e‡j| wbSzg Øxc wj. cÖwZôvbwU‡Z mKj KvR cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx wef³ K‡i AwfÁ e¨w³/wbe©vnxi Dci `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq, hv Kvh©wfwËK msMV‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖ_g cÖwZôv‡b MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ we`¨gvb| †h †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZv Aat¯Íb Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡K MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cÖ_g ch©v‡qi KviLvbvq wgm bymvBev wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ev¯ÍevqbKvix Kg©KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡ib| G‡Z mK‡j mš‘ó| hv MYZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©| MYZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡ kÖwgK-Kg©xiv ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva K‡i| †Kbbv GLv‡b Kg©x‡`i gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ kÖ×v I m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv nq| kÖwgK Kg©xiv cÖ‡Yvw`Z nq| djkÖæwZ‡Z Drcv`b e„w× cvq| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU‡Z MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ Abymi‡Yi d‡j Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖ_g cÖwZôvb MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ we`¨gvb| †h †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZv Aat¯Íb Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cÖ_g ch©v‡qi KviLvbvq wgm bymvBev wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ev¯ÍevqbKvix Kg©KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡ib| G‡Z mK‡j mš‘ó| hv MYZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| ewY©Z cÖ_g cÖwZôv‡b MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ we`¨gvb| †h †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZv Aat¯’b Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I gZvgZ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡K MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cÖ_g ch©v‡qi KviLvbvq wgm bymvBev wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ev¯ÍevqbKvix Kg©KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡ib| G‡Z mK‡j mš‘ó| hv MYZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| 205

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Abyaveb

Ávb 7.K Ávb L.

Abyaveb

M.

Ávb cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

N

Ávb D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

ewY©Z cÖ_g cÖwZôv‡b MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ we`¨gvb| †h †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZv Aat¯’b Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i, Zv‡K MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖ_g ch©v‡q cÖwZôv‡b MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ we`¨gvb| e¨e¯’vcKxq wba©vwiZ Kvh©mg~n †h chvqµwgK avivq m¤úvw`Z ev cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K Zv‡K e¨e¯’vcbv PK e‡j| e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv- cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv, mgš^q-mvab, Kg©xms¯’vb, †cÖlYv I wbqš¿Y| cwievi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ivóª cwiPvjbvqI e¨e¯’vcbv we`¨gvb| GRb¨ e¨e¯’vcbv me©Rbxb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| e¨e¯’vcbv n‡jv- cwiKíbv, msMVb, wb‡`©kbv, mgš^q-mvab, Kg©xms¯’vb, †cÖlYv I wbqš¿Y| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve cjvk †Kv¤úvwbwUi e¨e¯’vcbv D”P mGZi Kg©iZ| e¨e¯’vcbvi wZbwU ¯Íi i‡q‡Q| †h ¯Í‡i cwiKíbv cÖYqb, bxwZ wba©viY I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ nq †mB ¯Íi‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P ¯Íi e‡j| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q wg. cjvk D³ KvR¸‡jvi mv‡_ mivmwi RwoZ| A_©vr wZwb wb‡R cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡ib, e¨emvwqK ev‡RU •Zwi K‡ib hv e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P ¯Í‡ii Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve cjvk †Kv¤úvwbwUi e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P ¯Í‡i Kg©iZ| e¨e¯’vcbvi wZbwU ¯Íi i‡q‡Q& †h ¯Í‡i cwiKíbv cÖYqb, bxwZ wba©viY I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ nq †mB ¯Íi‡K e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P ¯Íi e‡j| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve cjvg †Kv¤úvwbwUi e¨e¯’vcbvi D”P ¯Í‡i Kg©iZ| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve cjvk‡K Avw_©K †cÖlYv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| Kg©x‡`i‡K Kv‡R DÏxß Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Yv`bv wn‡m‡e A_©msµvšÍ myweav cÖ`vb KivB Avw_©K †cÖlYv| DÏxc‡K Rbve cjvk GKRb ga¨weË cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| m`¨ wek¦we`¨vjq cvk Kiv cjvk cÖwZwôv‡b wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡q `ÿZvi mv‡_ KvR KiwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi ¯¿x Amy¯Z ’ v I e¨qeûj wPwKrmvi civgk© Zvi Rb¨ webv †g‡N eRªcvZ| G‡Z Zvi Kv‡R Q›`cZb N‡U| ga¨weË cwiev‡ii mšÍvb wn‡m‡e Zvi c‡ÿ G wPwKrmv e¨qfvi †Kv¤úvwb KZ©„K enb Kiv n‡j wZwb c~‡e©i b¨vq c~Y© g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ Kv‡Ri g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A_©vr Avw_©K †cÖlYv cÖ`vbB Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki| Rbve cjvk‡K Avw_©K †cÖlYv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| Kg©x‡`i‡K Kv‡R DÏxß Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Yv`bv wn‡m‡e A_©msµvšÍ myweav cÖ`vb KivB Avw_©K †cÖlYv| DÏxc‡K Rbve cjvk GKRb ga¨weË cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| m`¨ wek¦we`¨vjq cvk Kiv cjvk cÖwZôv‡b `ÿZvi mv‡_ KvR KiwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi ¯¿xi Amy¯Z ’ vi Rb¨ wPwKrmv e¨‡qi K_v wPšÍv K‡i Zvi Kv‡R Q›`cZb N‡U| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve cjvk‡K Avw_©K †cÖlYv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| Kg©x‡`i‡K Kv‡R DÏxß Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Yv`bv wn‡m‡e A_©msµvšÍ myweav cÖ`vb KivB Avw_©K †cÖlYv| 206

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

Ávb 8.K Ávb L.

Abyaveb

M.

Ávb cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

8.N

Ávb D”PZi `ÿZv

cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

Ávb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve cjvk‡K Avw_©K †cÖlYv †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ ev jÿ¨AR©‡bi Rb¨ vby‡li Kg© cÖ‡Póv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i cwiPvjbv Kivi Kg© cÖwµqv‡KB †bZ…Z¡ e‡j| wb‡`©kbvi †ÿ‡Î DaŸ©Zb Zvi Aat¯’b Kg©x‡`i wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| KZ©„Z¡ k„•Lj Gi Aax‡b GKRb DaŸ©Zb Zvi cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b wb‡qvwRZ Aat¯’b‡`i wb‡`©k w`‡q _v‡K Zvi cÖevn mivmwi wb¤œgyLx nq| wKš‘ GKRb Aat¯’b KLbI Zvi DaŸ©Zb‡K wb‡`©k w`‡Z cv‡i bv| A_©vr wb‡`©kbv wb¤œgyLx| wb‡`©kbv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g DaŸ©Zb Aat¯’b Kg©KZ©v‡`i‡K KvR Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©k w`‡q _v‡K| wg. Y-Gi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡`©kbvi aib wQj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb| Giƒc wb‡`©kbv cÖwµqvq DaŸ©Zbiv Aat¯’b‡`i Dci Kvh©fvi †Q‡o w`‡q wb‡Riv wPš‘gy³ _v‡Kb| †Zgb †Kvb †LvuR-Lei †bb bv| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZm&Vv‡b Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, Kg©Pvixiv wb‡R‡`i B”QvgZ KvR K‡i, wKš‘ wg. Y †Kvb Feedback †bb bv| wb‡R m¤ú~Y© fvigy³ _v‡Kb, hv jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbvi K_vB ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| wg. Y- Gi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡`©kbvi aiY wQj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb| Giƒc wb‡`©kbv cÖwµqvq DaŸ©Zbiv Aat¯’b‡`i Dci Kvh©fvi †Q‡o w`‡q wb‡Riv wPšÍvgy³ _v‡Kb| †Zgb †Kvb †LvuR-Lei iv‡L bv| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. Y- Gi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡`©kbvi aiY wQj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb| wg. X- Gi wb‡`©kbvwU nj civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| Avi wg. Y- Gi wb‡`©kbv nj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb| civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv, gy³ ev jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbvi aiY †_‡K DËg| wg. X- wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Aat¯’b‡`i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`b Ab¨w`‡K wg. Y wb‡R †Zgb K‡ib bv Ges Kgx‡`i‡KI †Zgb wb‡`©kbv w`‡q cwiPvwjZ K‡ib bv| Gi d‡j wg. Y- Gi cÖwZôvb jÿ¨ AR©‡b wcwQ‡q _v‡K, wKš‘ wg. X- Gi cÖwZôv‡b DaŸ©Zb-Aat¯’b mgwš^Z Kv‡Ri d‡j wbqwgZ jÿ¨ AwR©Z nq| ZvB Dc‡ii Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wg. Y- Gi wb‡`©kbvi ai‡bi †P‡q wg. X- Gi wb‡`©kbvi aiYwU DËg| wg. X- Gi wb‡`©kbvwU nj civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| wg. Y- Gi wb‡`©kbv nj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb| †h wb‡`©kbvq Kg©x‡`i civgk© †bqv nq ZvB civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| Avi †h wb‡`©kbv cÖwµqvq Kg©xiv DaŸ©Z‡bi wb‡`©kbv e¨ZxZ wb‡R‡`i B‡”QgZ KvR K‡i Zv nj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbv| wb‡`©kbv `yÕwU wg. X I wg. Y Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡b AbymiY K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ wg. Y-Gi cÖwZôvb Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| wg. X- Gi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡`©kbvi aiY wQj civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| wg. Y- Gi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡`©kbvi aiY nj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb| †h wb‡`©kbvq Kg©x‡`i gZvgZ †`qv nq Zv nj civgk©g~jK wb‡`©kbv| †h wb‡`©kbvq Kg©x‡`i Dci Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †Q‡o †`qv nq Zv nj gy³ ev jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbv| wg. X- Gi wb‡`©kbvwU nj civgk~jK wb‡`©kbv| Avi wg. Y- Gi wb‡`©kbv nj gy³ ev 207

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

9.K Ávb L.

Abyaveb

M

Ávb cÖ‡qvM

Abyaveb

N.

Ávb D”PZi `ÿZv

c‡qvM

Abyaveb

Ávb

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

jvMvgnxb wb‡`©kbv| fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR wKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv n‡e, †m m¤ú‡K© AwMÖg wPšÍvfvebv‡K cwiKíbv ejv nq| cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv nq Kg©xi `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨& cÖwkÿY n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó Kvh© m¤úv`‡b Kg©xi AvMÖn, `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zv e„w× cvq| Kg©xi `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ÔbxjwMwi wj.Õ bvgK cÖwZôv‡b c‡`vbœwZi †ÿ‡Î †R¨ôZvi bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZôv‡bi †Kvb c‡` PvKzix‡Z †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL n‡Z PvKzixKvj MYbvi wfwˇZ Kg©x‡K c‡`vbœwZ †`qv n‡j, Zv‡K †R¨ôZ¡ wfwËK c‡`vbœwZ e‡j| cÖwZôv‡b 60 ermi eqmx gwbi mv‡ne †miv e¨e¯’vcK nIqv m‡Ë¡I 62 eQi eqmx b~i Bmjvg mv‡ne‡K c‡`vbœwZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| c‡`vbœwZ †`qvi †ÿ‡Î cÖwZôvbwU‡Z wbtm‡›`‡n †R¨ôZvwfwËK bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b c‡`vbœwZi †ÿ‡Î †R¨ôZvi bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †R¨ôZvi bxwZ ej‡Z eySvq cÖwZôv‡bi †Kvb c‡` PvKzix‡Z †hvM`v‡bi ZvwiL n‡Z PvKzixKvj MYbvi wfwˇZ Kg©x‡K c‡`vbœwZ †`qv| DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b c‡`vbœwZi †ÿ‡Î †R¨ôZvi bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qv‡M Kg©x msMÖn‡i evwn¨K Drm e¨envi Kiv hyw³hy³ n‡e| Kg©x msMÖ‡ni evwn¨K Drm n‡”Q k~b¨ c` c~iY A_ev bZzb m„ó c‡` Kg©x wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ evB‡ii Drm n‡Z Kg©x msMÖn Kivi cÖwµqv| cÖwZôv‡b bZzb GKwU we`y¨r mve †÷kb wbg©vY Kivi Z`viKxi Rb¨ GKRb we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB bZzb wbwg©Z we`y¨r mve-†÷kbwU cwiPvjbv I mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡bi Rb¨ GKRb we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Kg©x msMÖ‡ni `yÕwU Drm i‡q‡Q| Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K| Gi g‡a¨ Af¨šÍixY Drm n‡Z †Kvb cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e bq †h‡nZz cÖwZôv‡b c~‡e© †Kvb mve-‡÷kb wQj bv| ZvB evwn¨K Drm n‡Z weÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Kiv hyw³hy³ n‡e| DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Kg©x msMÖ‡ni evwn¨K Drm e¨envi Kiv hyw³hy³ n‡e| Kg©x msMÖ‡ni evwn¨K Drm n‡”Q k~b¨c` c~iY A_ev bZzb c‡` Kg©x wb‡qv‡Mi R‡b¨ evB‡ii Drm n‡Z Kg©x msMÖn Kivi cÖwµqv| cÖwZôv‡b bZzb GKwU mve †÷kb wbg©vY Kivq Gi Z`viKx I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qvM Kg©x msMÖ‡ni evwn¨K Drm e¨envi Kiv hyw³hy³| evwn¨K Drm n‡”Q g~b¨c` c~iY A_ev bZzb m„ó c‡` Kg©x wb‡qv‡Mi R‡b¨ evB‡ii Drm n‡Z Kg©w msMÖn Kivi cÖwµqv| DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡b we`y¨r cÖ‡KŠkjx wb‡qv‡M Kg©x msMÖ‡ni evwn¨K Drm e¨envi Kiv hyw³hy³|

208

GBPGmwm cixÿv 2013 welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ (eû wbe©vPbx cÖk)œ welq †KvW : 229 mgq : 2 N›Uv 10 wgwbU; c~Y©gvb 60 [we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|]

1. †Kvb Askx`vi g~jab wew‡qvM K‡i bv?

K. mvaviY Askx`vi L. mxgve`a Askx`vi M. wbw®…q Askx`vi N. Kg©x Askx`vi 2. •eÁvwbK e¨e¯’vcbvi RbK †K? K. ‡nbwi †dqj L. Gd. WweøI †Uji M. wcUvi Gd. WvKvi N. GjUb †g‡qv 3. †Kvb e¨emv‡q gvwjKvbv I e¨e¯’vcbv Awe‡”Q`¨?

K. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kvs L. cvewjK wj. †Kvs M. GKgvwjKvbv N. mgevq mwgwZ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. †Z․wdK GKRb PvKzixRxex| QzwU‡Z MÖv‡gi evox †eov‡bv †k‡l XvKvq †divi mgq mgwR †ÿZ †`‡L gy» nb| cQ›` nIqvq wZwb K…l‡Ki KvQ †_‡K 10 †KwR mewR wKb‡jb| 4. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z eÈb cÖYvjx‡Z Abycw¯’Z cÿ n‡jv(i) cvBKvi (ii) Drcv`K (iii) LyPiv e¨emvqx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

6. BwZevPK †cÖlYvi d‡j e„w× cvq(i) Drcv`bkxjZv (ii) kÖg-N~Y©vqgvbZv (iii) g‡bvej wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Kzwjjøvq cvwievwiK RwgRgv _vKv m‡Ë¡I wg. ivBqvb kÖxg½‡j cvnvox Rwg wjR wb‡q fv‡jv gv‡bi Avbvim Pvl K‡ib| G Kv‡R Zvi 5 fvB Ges 20 Rb Kg©x mvnvh¨ K‡ib| e¨emv‡q mdjZv cvIqvq 2011 mv‡ji AwR©Z mgy`q gybvdv w`‡q wZwb wbR bv‡g AviI 10 GKK Rwg wjR †bb| 7. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wg. ivBqv‡bi e¨emvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. GKgvwjKvbv L. Askx`vwi M. †Kv¤úvwb N. mgevq 8. †Kvb cwi‡ek we‡ePbvq wg. ivBqvb kÖxg½‡j Avbvim Pv‡l DØy× n‡jb?

K. A_©‣bwZK L. cÖvK…wZK M. ivR‣bwZK N. mvgvwRK 9. Bb‡f÷‡g›U K‡c©v‡ikb Ae evsjv‡`k (ICB) f~wgKv cvjb K‡iK. e¨vsK cÖwZôvq L. cyuwR MV‡b M. ‡eKvi‡`i mnR k‡Z© FY`v‡b

K i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii 5. DÏxc‡Ki Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡j Kx N‡U? K. ga¨¯ e¨emvqx jvfevb nb L. Drcv`bKvix jvfevb nb M. †µZvi µqg~j¨ e„w× cvq N. eÈb cÖYvjx `xN© nq 209

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†evW© cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

N. ÿz`ª wkí ¯ vc‡b 10. GKgvwjKvbv e¨emv‡q gvwj‡Ki `vq wKiƒc?

K. g~jab Øviv mxgve× L. mxgvnxb M. mmxg N. c~e©-wba©vwiZ 11. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi m‡e©v”P m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? K. 7 L. 10 M. 20 N. 50 12. †Kvb ai‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZv GK”QÎ ÿgZvi AwaKvix?

K. MYZvwš¿KL. •¯^iZvwš¿K M. wcZ… N. jvMvgnxb 13. †KvbwU †cÖlYv `v‡bi Avw_©K Dcv`vb?

K. wPwKrmv fvZv L. Kv‡Ri wbivcËv M. DËg Kg©cwi‡ek N. Kv‡Ri cÖksmv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Gg. Rvjvbx GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi gnve¨e¯’vcK| Zvui Aax‡b µq, weµq, Drcv`bmn wewfbœ wefv‡M we‡klÁ e¨w³iv e¨e¯’vcK wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ i‡q‡Qb| eQi †k‡m †`Kv †Mj, Drcv`b weev‡M 1 jÿ BDwbU Drcv`b n‡jI weµq weevM gvÎ 70 nvRvi BDwbU weµq Ki‡Z mÿg nq| d‡i cÖwZôvbwU eo ai‡bi †jvKmv‡bi m¤§ywLb nq| 14. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôv‡bi mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. mij‣iwLK L. mij •iwLK I c`¯ M. Kvh©wfwËK N. KwgwU 15. msMV‡bi †Kvb bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡j D™¢zZ mgm¨vwU Gov‡bv †hZ? K. fvimv‡g¨i bxwZL. Av‡`‡ki H‡K¨i bxwZ M. KZ©„Z¡ I `vwq‡Z¡i mgZvi bxwZ N. ‡Rvov-eB wkKj bxwZ 16. b`x †_‡K evjy D‡Ëvjb †Kvb wk‡íi AšÍM©Z? K. Drcv`b L. wk®‥vkb

M. †mev cwi‡ekK N. wbg©vY wb‡Pi DÏxcKwZU co Ges 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. BmnvK GKwU wm‡g›U KviLvbvi gvwjK| wZwb Zvi cÖwZôv‡b wb‡RB wm×všÍ MÖnY, wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Ges ev¯Íevqb Z`viKx K‡ib| Kg©xiv memgq fxZ mš¿¯’ _v‡K| 17. wg. Bmnv‡Ki cÖwZôv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi †bZ…Z¡ we`¨gvb?

K. •¯^iZvwš¿K L. wcZ…myjf M. jvMvgnxb N. MYZvwš¿K 18. wb‡¤œi †Kvb `wjjwU cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv. mswkøó bq?

K. ¯§viKwjwc L. cwi‡gj wbqgvewj M. wbeÜbcÎ N. weeiYcÎ 19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †m․wLb cY¨?

K. g¨vMvwRbL. wPwbM. Mnbv N. AvBmwµg 20. mvgwiK msMV‡bi Abyiƒc msMVb †KvbwU? K. mij‣iwLK L. Kvh©wfwËK M. KwgwU N. mij‣iwLK I Dc‡`óv 21. cwienY evwY‡R¨i †Kvb ai‡bi evav `~i K‡i?

K. ¯ vbMZ L. mgqMZ M. SzuwKMZ N. A_©MZ 22. fwel¨r Kg©m~Pxi bK&kv †KvbwU? K. wbqš¿Y L. wb‡`©kbv M. ‡cÖlYv N. cwiKíbv 23. Askx`vwi e¨emv‡qi DrcwËi KviY n‡jv(i) cyuwRi ¯^íZv `~ixKiY (ii) e¨w³MZ mvg‡_©¨i mxgve×Zv `~ixKiY (iii) e„n`vqZb e¨emv‡qi myweav‡fvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 210

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†evW© cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

Rvgvj Ges Zvi 19 Rb eÜz wg‡j mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ GKwU e¨emvq MVb Kij| 2 eQi ci gybvdv fvMvfvwM wb‡q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gZv‣bK¨ m„wó nq Ges 2 Rb m`m¨ †¯^”Qvq e¨emvq †Q‡o P‡j hq& cÖwZôvbwU g~jab msK‡U c‡o| GgZve¯’vq Zviv mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv cwieZ©b K‡i evRvi †_‡K g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×všÍ †bq| 24. Rvgvj Zvi eÜz‡`i wb‡q †Kvb ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb M‡o Zz‡jwQj? K. Askx`vwi L. mgevq M. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv. N. cvewjK wj. †Kv. 25. DÏxc‡K M„nxZ wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡b †h c`‡ÿc Aek¨B wb‡Z n‡e Zv nj(i) m`m¨ msL¨v e„w× (ii) wbeÜbcÎ msMÖn (iii) Kvh©viv‡¤¢i AbygwZcÎ msMÖn wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii

L i I iii

M ii I iii

N i, ii I iii

M. †gvoKxKiY N. ¸`vgRvZKiY 28. e¨em_vcbvi me©‡kl KvR †KvbwU? K. cwiKíbv L. wb‡`©kbv M. wbqš¿Y N. mgš^q mvab 29. RvnvR KZ©„c‡ÿi mv‡_ fvov msµvšÍ Pzw³‡K Kx e‡j?

K. PvjvbcÎ L. †b․ exgvcÎ M. cÖZ¨qcÎ N. †b․ fvUK 30. e¨emvq A_©ms¯’vb Kq cÖKvi? K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5 31. mgevq mwgwZi b~¨bZg m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb? K. 7 Rb L. 10 Rb M. 20 Rb N. 50 Rb 32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Kg©x msMÖ‡ni Af¨šÍixY Drm? K. weÁvcb L. c‡`vbœwZ M. PvKzwi wewb‡qvM †K›`ª N. e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿY †K›`ª 33. †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡b GKRb we‡klÁ cÖ‡K․kjx wb‡qvM w`‡Z PvB‡j wb‡¤œi †Kvb gva¨gwU h‡_vchy³ n‡e?

K. kÖwgK ms‡Ni mycvwik L. cwÎKvq weÁvcb M. Kg©KZ©v‡`i mycvwik N. wkÿv cÖwZôvb wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 34 I 35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: ebjZv Mv‡g©›U KZ©„cÿ c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii avivevwnKZvq KviLvbvi Af¨šÍixY I evwn¨K my‡hvM-myweav g~j¨vqb K‡i cÖwZw`b M‡o 5000 BDwbU cY¨ Drcv`b Kivi wm×všÍ †bb| wKš‧ wZwb †`L‡jb •`wbK 4500 BDwb‡Ui †ewk cY¨ Drcvw`Z n‡”Q bv| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb weÁZvi mv‡_ G cwiw¯ wZ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i KvswLZ cwigvY cY¨ Drcv`‡b mÿg n‡jb| 34. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖ_g ch©v‡q M„nxZ wm`avšÍ M„nxZ wm×všÍwU e¨e¯’vcbvi †Kvb Kv‡Ri AšÍM©Z? K. cwiKíbv L. msMVb M. wb‡`©kbv N. wbqš¿Y 35. †h c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kivi d‡j ebjZv Mv‡g©›U KvswLZ jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b K‡iwQj, Zv nj-

26. e¨e¯’vcbv Pµ ej‡Z eySvqK. Kv‡h©i ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b L. D‡Ï‡k¨i ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b M. bxwZi ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b N. DcKi‡Yi ch©vqµwgK AveZ©b wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co 27 Ges bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Qv‡q` PvucvBbeveMÄ †_‡K Avg wK‡b AvKvi‡f‡` fvM K‡i cieZ©x‡Z Zv XvKvi wewfbœ evRv‡i weµq K‡ib?

27. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Rbve Qv‡q`-Gi KvR‡K Kx e‡j?

K. ch©vwqZKiY L. cÖwgZKiY 211

e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM 1g cÎ

†evW© cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

40. †Kvb c‡Îi gva¨‡g ißvwbKviK A_©cÖvwßi wbðqZv cvq?

K. enbcÎ L. wewbgq wej M. cÖZ¨hcÎ N. AvMvgc

(i) Av`k©gv‡bi mv‡_ Kvh©d‡ji Zzjbv (ii) wePz¨wZi KviY wbY©q (iii) ms‡kvabg~jK e¨em_v MÖnY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 36. mgevq mwgwZi AwR©Z gybvdvi KZ Ask eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e mwÂwZ Znwe‡j Rgv ivL‡Z nq?

K. 10% L. 15% M. 20% N. 25% wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve †bv‡ej †Kvwiqv †_‡K Kvco, wRcvi I evbUb G‡b XvKvi Bwc‡RW-G wbR¯^ KviLvbvq mvU© I c¨v›U •Zwi K‡i gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª weµq K‡ib| 37. †KvbwU DËg e¨w³K Rvgvb‡Zi •ewkó¨?

K. Avg`vwb L. ißvwb M. cyYtißvwb N. Avg`vwb I ißvwb 38. cÖwZôv‡b myk„•Lj cwi‡e‡ki R‡b¨ †Kvb mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvwU AwaKZi Kvh©Ki? K. mij‣iwLK L. Kvh©wfwËK M. mij‣iwLK I c`¯ N. KwgwU wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wgm Zvnwmb Zvi AviI 20 Rb eÜzmn h_vh_fv‡e wbeÜb K‡i GKwU eywUK KviLvbv ¯ vcb K‡ib, hvi Abyg‡gvw`Z g~jab 10 jÿ UvKv| cvinvb bvgK GKRb m`m¨ GKv 3 jÿ UvKvi †kqvi µ‡qi c¯Íve w`‡j wewam¤§Z bq e‡j Zv‡K 2 jÿ UvKvi †kqvi †`qv nq| 39. DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi?

K. Askx`vwi L. mgevq M. cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv. N. cvewjK wj. †Kv. 212