business-policy-2nd-paper-question-bank

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e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM (2q cÎ) (e¨vswKs I wegv) Aa¨vq m~wP Aa¨vq bs

Aa¨v‡qi bvg

c„ôv bs

e¨vswKs cÖ_g

e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv (Primary Knowledge of Banking System)

213 227

wØZxq

†K›`ªxq e¨vsK (Central Bank)

228237

Z…Zxq

evwYwR¨K e¨vsK (Commercial Bank)

238245

PZz_©

e¨vsK wnmve (Bank Account)

246255

cÂg

†PK (Cheque)

256265

e¨vsK Znwe‡ji e¨envi (Uses of Bank’s Fund)

266273

mßg

•e‡`wkK wewbgq (Foreign Exchange)

274279

wegv Aóg

wegv e¨e¯’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv (Basic Concept of Insurance)

280287

beg

Rxeb wegv (Life Insurance)

288296

`kg

†bŠ-wegv (Marine Insurance)

297305

GKv`k

AwMœwegv (Fire Insurance)

306314

Øv`k

wewea wegv (Miscellaneous Insurance)

315322

K‡jR wbe©vPbx cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ)

323349

†evW© cÖkœ I DËi (m„Rbkxj)

350361

†evW© cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

362364


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ e¨vswKs cÖ_g Aa¨vq: e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi cÖv_wgK Ávb Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ Ávb I Abyaveb 1. e¨vsK Kx ? 2. e¨vswKs Kx ? 3. e¨vsKvi †K ? 4. †`Dwjqv †K ? 5. AvaywbK e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi c~e©m~ix Kviv ? 6. e¨vsK e¨e¯’vq Zvij¨ Kx ? 7. GKK e¨vsK Kx ? 8. kvLv e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 9. †PBb e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 10. MÖyc e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 11. mÂq / AvgvbZ e¨vsK Kx ? 12. wewb‡qvM e¨vsK Kx ? 13. wgkÖ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 14. gv‡P©›U e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 15. ¯^vqËkvwmZ e¨vsK Kx ? 16. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 17. B‡j±ªwbK e¨vswKs / B-e¨vswKs Kx ? 18. G wU Gg Kx ? 19. †µwWU KvW© Kx ? 20. †WweU KvW© Kx ? 21. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx ? 22. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 23. e¨vs‡Ki m”QjZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 24. e¨vs‡Ki ‡MvcwbqZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 25. ‘Safty first` e¨vsK e¨emv‡qi †ÿ‡Î K_vwUi Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Ki| 26. e¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK †Kb ? 27. e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK KvR ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 28. Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK ? 29. kvLv e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs e¨ve¯’v

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e e¨vs‡Ki †kÖYx wefvM, e¨vs‡Ki g~jbxwZ, ZvwjKvfz³KiY, B-e¨vswKs, Mªyc e¨vswKs, †PBb e¨vswKs|


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

wØZxq Aa¨vq: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ávb I Abyaveb 1. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kx ? 2. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Kx ? 3. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K ÔMother of Central Bank` e‡j ? 4. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Kx ? 5. g~`ªvevRv‡ii AwffveK ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 6. ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j ? 7. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 8. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx ? 9. e¨vsK nvi Kx ? 10. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ Kx ? 11. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K miKv‡ii e¨vsK ejv nq Ges †Kb ? 12. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ Kx ? 13. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ Kx ? 14. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K GKK I Abb¨ cÖwZôvb ejv nq Ges †Kb ? 15. F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j ? 16. †fv³v FY wbqš¿Y Kx ? 17. wbKvk Ni Kx ? 18. bM` Rgv Aek¨KZv Kx ? 19. wewae× Zvij¨ Aek¨KZv Kx ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ, wbKvk Ni, A_© mieivn, ‡K`&ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Ávb I Abyaveb 1. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx ? 2. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx ? 3. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ Kx ? 4. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wbivcËvi bxwZ Kx ? 5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bZybZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ Kx ? 6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ‡MvcbxqZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 7. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji g~j Drm ‡KvbwU ? 8. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ Kx ? 9. †µwWU KvW© Kx ? 10. e¨vsK Wªvd&U ev e¨vs‡Ki AÁvcÎ Kx ? ii


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

†c-AW©vi Kx ? e¨vsK wbðqZv mb` Kx ? FY wKfv‡e AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i ? †Kvb e¨vsK‡K ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi e¨vemvqx e‡j Ges †Kb ? evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx ? B-e¨vswKs Kx ? ZvwjKvfz³ e¨vsK Kx ? FY AvgvbZ m„wó ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mybv‡gi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? evwYwR¨K e¨vsK `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q bv †Kb ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki bxwZgvjv, evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó, evwbwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vejx

PZz_© Aa¨vq: e¨vsK wnmve Ávb I Abyaveb 1. e¨vsK Kx ? 2. e¨vsK wnmve Kx ? 3. e¨vsK cvm eB Kx ? 4. mÂqx wnmv‡e cvm eB‡qi Acwinvh©Zv n«vm cv‡”Q †Kb ? 5. bgybv m¦v¶i KvW© Kx ? 6. Rgv iwm` Kx ? 7. mÂqx wnmve Kx ? 8. PjwZ wnmve Kx ? 9. ¯’vqx wnmve Kx ? 10. e¨vsK wnmve weeiYx Kx ? 11. we‡kl PjwZ wnmve Kx ? 12. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK ? 13. mvavib mÂqx wnmve Kx ? 14. †cbkb ev we‡kl mÂqx wnmve Kx ? 15. †cŠbtcywbK wnmve Kx ? 16. †PK eB Kx ? 17. ¯’vqx AvgvbZ iwm` Kx ? 18. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AbvevwmK wnmve / (F.C. Account) Kx ? 19. wnmve Lyj‡Z cwiPqKi‡bi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o †Kb ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv Rb¨ co‡e e¨vsK wnmv‡ei cÖKvi‡f` iii


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

cÂg Aa¨vq: †PK Ávb I Abyaveb 1. †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 2. ûKzg †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 3. we‡klfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 4. †P‡Ki Agh©v`v ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 5. †P‡Ki Av‡`óv †K ? 6. mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 7. †P‡Ki Avw`ó †K ? 8. evwm †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 9. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 10. `vMKvUv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 11. evnK †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 12. duvKv †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 13. †P‡Ki cÖvcK †K ? 14. †PK‡K cÖvgvY¨ `wjj wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv nq †Kb? 15. gv‡K©U †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 16. ågbKvixi †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 17. AwMÖg †PK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 18. †P‡Ki c¶ KqwU ? 19. †P‡Ki cÖZviYv ev RvwjqvwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 20. KZ mgq GKwU †PK ˆea _v‡K ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 21. Kxfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK `vMwenxb †PK n‡Z Avjv`v ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 22. e¨vsK I †P‡Ki DrcwË †Kb mgmvgwqK ? e¨L¨v Ki| 23. KZ mv‡ji AvBb Øviv †P‡Ki e¨envi n‡q _v‡K? 24. †PK I wewbgq we‡ji g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki| 25. D‡Ëvjb wPVv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 26. cÖK…Z aviK ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 27. †P‡K `vMKvUvi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 28. Kxfv‡e e¨emv‡q †P‡Ki D™¢e nq ? 29. †P‡Ki cÖ¯‘ZKviK‡K Kx e‡j ? 30. `vMKvUv †PK Kxfv‡e AwaK wbivcËv cÖ`vb K‡i ? 31. wbqš¿Y g~jK `vMKvUv †PK Kx ? 32. †P‡K GKevi `vMKvUvi ci †K Avevi Zv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z cv‡i ? 33. bU †b‡Mvwk‡qej K_vwU e¨L¨v Ki| 34. †WweU KvW© Kx ? 35. kZ©mv‡c‡¶ Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? iv


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

`vMKvUv †PK Kxfv‡e FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i ? e¨vL¨v Ki| †PK‡K GK ai‡bi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj ejv nq †Kb ? †P‡Ki A_© wewnZ gy`ªvq cwi‡kva¨ †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki| †P‡K A‡_©i cwigvb Kxfv‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq e¨vL¨v Ki| †P‡K `vM KvU‡Z cv‡i †K ? mxwgZ Aby‡gv`b ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? †PK cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvjx e¨vL¨v Ki| evwZj †PK Kx ? †PK msMÖn Kivi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| †P‡K `vMKvUvi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| Dcnvi †PK Kx ? †P‡K †Kv_vq Ges †Kb ZvwiL †jLv nq ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e †P‡Ki cÖKvi‡f`, †P‡Ki c¶, †P‡Ki Agh©v`v, `vMKvUv †P‡Ki †kÖYxwefvM

lô Aa¨vq: e¨vsK Znwe‡ji e¨envi Ávb I Abyaveb 1. e¨vsK Znwej Kx ? 2. e¨vsK FY Kv‡K e‡j ? 3. e¨vs‡Ki AMvg Kx ? 4. avi Kv‡K e‡j ? 5. bM` FY Kx ? 6. RgvwZwi³ FY Kx ? 7. `wjjx FY ej‡Z Kx eySvq ? 8. cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx ? 9. e¨vs‡Ki AÁvcÎ Kx ? 10. †c-AW©vi Kx ? 11. e¨vsK M¨vivw›U cÎ Kx ? 12. åvg¨gvb †bvU Kx ? 13. ågbKvixi ‡PK Kx ? 14. åvg¨gvb cÖZ¨qcÎ Kv‡K e‡j ? 15. wbwðZ cÖZ¨qcÎ Kv‡K e‡j ? 16. N~Y©vqgvb cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx ? 17. ågbKvixi cÖZ¨qcÎ Kx ? 18. RvgvbZhy³ FY Kx ? 19. wj‡qb ev c~e©¯^Z¡ Kx ? v


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

20. 21. 22. 23.

cY¨ eÜK Kx ? AwZwi³ RvgvbZ Kx ? weµq‡hvM¨ RvgvbZ Kx ? e¨vsK Znwe‡ji wbR¯^ Drm ej‡Z Kx eySvq ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e e¨vsK F‡Yi †kÖYxwefvM, Rvgvb‡Zi cÖKvi‡f`, Rvgvb‡Zi we‡eP¨ welq, cÖZ¨qc‡Îi †kÖYxwefvM

mßg Aa¨vq: ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq Ávb I Abyaveb 1. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq Kx ? 2. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖiY Kx ? 3. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wej Kx ? 4. wewbgq nvi Kv‡K e‡j ? 5. µq¶gZvi mgZv ZË¡ Kx ? 6. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb ZË¡ Kx ? 7. fvmgvb gy`ªv Kx ? 8. Uªv‡fjvm© †PK m¤ú‡K© avib `vI| 9. ¯^Y©gvb c×wZ ej‡Z wK eySvq ? 10. WvK‡hv‡M A_© †cÖiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e wewbgq nvi wba©vib c×wZ, we‡`‡k A_© †cÖiY, wewbgq nvi DVv-bvgvi KviY

Aóg Aa¨vq: wegv wegv m¤ú‡K© †gŠwjK aviYv Ávb I Abyaveb 1. wegv Kx ? 2. SuywK Kx ? 3. wegv Pzw³ Kx ? 4. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© Kx ? 5. mwØk¦v‡mi bxwZ Kx ? 6. ¯’jvwfwl³Ki‡Yi bxwZ Kx ? 7. AvbycvwZK mvnv‡h¨i bxwZ Kx ? 8. Rxeb wegv Kx ? 9. †bŠ-wegv Kx ? 10. `vq wegv Kx ? 11. wcÖwgqvg Kv‡K e‡j ? vi


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

12. 13. 14. 15.

wek¦¯ÍZv wegv Kx ? Rxeb wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx ? mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx ? wbðqZvi Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e wegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb/g~jbxwZ, wegvi †kÖYxwefvM

beg Aa¨vq: Rxeb wegv Ávb I Abyaveb 1. Rxeb wegv Kx ? 2. AvRxeb wegvcÎ Kx ? 3. †gqvw` wegvcÎ Kx ? 4. mvgwqK wegvcÎ Kx ? 5. †hŠ_ ev hyM¥ wegv Kx ? 6. †Mvôx wegv Kx ? 7. g„Zy¨nvi cwÄ Kx ? 8. mgc©Y g~j¨ Kx ? 9. †evbvm Kv‡K e‡j ? 10. e„wË e¨e¯’v Kx ? 11. mgwKw¯Í cwiKíbv Kx ? 12. bxU wcÖwgqvg Kx ? 13. DËivwaKvixi mb` Kx ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e Rxeb wegvi †kÖYxwefvM, Rxeb wegvi m¤úv`b cÖwµqv, mgc©Y g~j¨, g„Zz¨nvi cwÄ, evwl©K e„wËi cÖKvi‡f`

`kg Aa¨vq: †bŠ-wegv Ávb I Abyaveb 1. †bŠ-wegv Kx ? 2. †bŠ-wegvq ¯’jvwfwl³KiY ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 3. †bŠ-wegvq AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 4. †bŠ-wegvq Ae¨³ kZ© ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 5. RvnvR wegv Kx ? 6. cY¨ wegv Kx ? 7. †bŠ-`vq wegv Kx ? 8. hvÎv wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 9. mgq wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 10. g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? vii


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

j‡qW&m-Gi wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †bŠ-wec` Kx ? mvgwMÖK ¶wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ¶wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mg~‡`ª cY¨ wb‡¶cY ej‡Z Kx eyS ? enbcÎ ev Pvjvbx iwm` ej‡Z Kx eyS ? PvU©vi cvwU© ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †bŠ-wegv‡K ¶wZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ ejv nq †Kb ? Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? mvg~w`ªK ¶wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? †Kvb wegvi ga¨ w`‡q wegv e¨emvq hvÎv ïiy K‡i ? †bŠ-wegvi ¯^Z¡vc©Y ej‡Z Kx eyS ? fvov ev gvïj wegv ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e †bŠ-wegvc‡Îi †kÖYxwefvM, †bŠ-wegv Pzw³i kZ©vejx, †bŠ-wec`, mvgyw`ªK ¶wZi cÖKvi‡f`, cY¨ wb‡¶cY

GKv`k Aa¨vq: AwMœwegv Ávb I Abyaveb 1. AvaywbK AwMœwegvi RbK †K ? 2. AwMœwegv Kx ? 3. ¯’jvwfwl³Kib ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 4. ¶wZc~i‡bi Pzw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 5. cÖZ¨¶KviY bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 6. g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 7. Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 8. MocoZv wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 9. AwMœRwbZ ¶wZ ev AcPq ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 10. †bwZK SuywK ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 11. AwMœwegvq AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨ ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 12. †Kvb wegvq ˆbwZK SuywKi gvÎv me‡P‡q †ewk ? 13. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© ej‡Z Kx eyS ? 14. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx ? 15. AwMœRwbZ SuywK ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e AwMœwegvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, AwMœwegvc‡Îi †kÖYxwefvM, AwMœwegvi SuywKi cÖKvi‡f`

Øv`k Aa¨vq: wewea wegv viii


Ávb-Abyaveb-cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi cÖkœ

Ávb I Abyaveb 1. `yN©Ubv wegv Kx ? 2. e¨w³MZ `yN©Ubv wegv Kx ? 3. ¯^v¯’¨ wegv Kv‡K e‡j ? 4. mvgvwRK wegv Kx ? 5. km¨ wegv Kx ? 6. Mevw` cï wegv Kx ? 7. WvK Rxeb wegv Kx ? 8. cybex©gv Kx ? 9. ˆØZwegv Kx ? 10. MY`vq wegv Kx ? 11. †gvUiMvwo wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 12. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb wegv me‡P‡q cyi‡bv ? 13. ißvwb wegv ev ißvwb FY wegv Kx ? 14. ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg ej‡Z Kx eyS ?

cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zvi Rb¨ co‡e `yN©Ubv wegv, `yN©Ubv wegvi cÖKvi‡f`, `vq wegv, ¯^v¯’¨ wegv, gUiMvox wegv, km¨ wegv, Mevw`cï wegv, ißvwb wegv, ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U wegv, WvK wegv, †PŠh© wegv, ˆØZ wegv, cybtwegv

ix


Aa¨vq 1

e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi cÖv_wgK aviYv Primary Knowledge of Banking

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. dyqv` I Zvi mggbv 15Rb D‡`¨v³v evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K 400 †KvwU UvKv Rgv †i‡L GKwU e¨emvq cÖwZôvb K‡i| Zviv A_© wb‡q e¨emvq Ki‡e e‡j wVK K‡i| Zv‡`i GB KvRwU gyjab MVb I wewb‡qv‡M Ae`vb ivL‡e| K. e¨vsKvi †K? L. e¨vsK‡K avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv`‡`i MwVZ e¨emvq msMVbwU wK? eY©bv Ki| N. e¨vsK Kx g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki ˆbwZK wbqš¿Y NUvq? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ Ki| DËi: K. e¨vsK e¨emv‡q wjß †h †Kvb e¨w³‡KB e¨vsKvi e‡j|

ïiæ 1 2 3 4

L. e¨vsK n‡jv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Avw_©K e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb, hv GKR‡bi KvQ †_‡K AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e A_© MÖnY K‡i Ges D³ A_© Ab¨‡K avi †`q| e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU Avw_©K ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb hvi KvR n‡jv ¯^í my‡` ev jv‡f AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z A_© msMÖn ev avi MÖnY Ges D³ avi Kivi A_© Avevi D”P my‡` ev jv‡f Ab¨‡`i avi †`qv| †h e¨vsK Giƒc avi MÖnY I avi cÖ`v‡b Avw_©K mdjKvg Zv‡KB `ÿ e¨vsK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| ZvB ejv hvq, e¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ev e¨emvqx| M. DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv‡`i MwVZ e¨emvq msMVbwU e¨vsK| †h mKj Avw_©K ga¨¯’ e¨emvq cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i mvaviY e¨emvwqK Kvh© wn‡m‡e wewfbœ AvgvbwZ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g A_© Rgv iv‡L, FY †`q, wewb‡qvM K‡i, A‡_©i †jb‡`b I †mB mv‡_ wej I eÐ evÆv K‡i Ges †PK, WªvdU, †c AW©vi BZ¨vw` Bmy¨ I Zvi gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡`i‡K e¨vsK e‡j| GB cÖwZôvbwU MV‡bi mgq †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K cÖv_wgK Rgv 400 †KvwU UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i Zvi A_© wb‡qB e¨emvq K‡i| Zv‡`i GB Kg©KvÛ mÂq e„w× K‡i, g~jab MVb K‡i, wewb‡qv‡M mvnvh¨ K‡i †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡L| DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv` mggbv 15 Rb e¨emvqx‡K wb‡q e¨emvq cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| cÖwZôvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q 400 †KvwU UvKv Rgv †`q| Zvi A_© wb‡qB e¨emvq Ki‡e| Zv‡`i MwVZ GB e¨emvq cÖwZôvbwUi ˆewkó¨ e¨vs‡Ki ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi DÏxc‡K wg. dzqv`‡`i MwVZ e¨emvq msMVbwU GKwU e¨vsK| N. g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vsK e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡L e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi| wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q Ajmfv‡e c‡o _vKv A_© GKwÎZ K‡i g~jab MVb Kiv hvq| Giæc g~jab e¨emvq evwY‡R¨i Dbœq‡b e¨vsK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Avi GB g~jab e¨emvq evwY‡R¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i A_©vr wewb‡qvM K‡i Avq/gybvdv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| e¨vsK †h‡nZz Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, A_© wb‡qB †m e¨emvq K‡i| ZvB e¨vsK g~jab MVb I wewb‡qvM mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡K cÖwZôvbwU GKwU e¨vsK| Avi e¨vsK nIqvq GwU g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb NUvq| e¨vsK wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q Ajmfv‡e c‡o _vKv A_© e¨vsK wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e msMÖn K‡i| Giƒc ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mwÂZ Avgvb‡Zi avivB g~jab MwVZ nq| Avi †h‡Kvb †`‡kB Giƒc g~jab e¨emvq evwY‡R¨i Dbœq‡bi cÖavb Aej¤^‡bi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Gfv‡e g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wg. dzqv‡`i e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡cyY© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| myZivs ej‡Z cvwi, g~jab MVb I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb NUvq|


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2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: 1978 mv‡ji w`‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi n‡j _vKZvg| evwo †_‡K UvKv cvVv‡j Zv †c‡Z †ek KÕw`b †j‡M †h‡Zv| GLb Avgvi GK fvwZRv XvKvq c‡o| Zvi evev ¯’vbxq e¨vsK kvLvq UvKv Rgv †`q| DbœZ cÖhyw³i myev‡` cuvP wgwbU c‡iB fvwZRv †PK †K‡U XvKvq UvKv DVvq| †PK KvUviI cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| DbœZ cÖhyw³i †mevi cÖwZ MÖvnK‡`i h‡_ó AvMÖn jÿ¨Yxq| evsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jvi h‡_ó myweav I mvg_©¨ _vKvi ciI DbœZ cÖhyw³i Afv‡e Zviv wcwQ‡q co‡Q| K. kvLv e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨ e¨vs‡Ki Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K †h ai‡bie e¨vswKs Gi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs e‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Òevsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv A‡bK myweav I mvg_©¨ _vKvi ciI wcwQ‡q co‡QÓ- Zzwg Kx G e³‡e¨i mv‡_ GKgZ? g‡Zi ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †h e¨vswKs e¨ve¯’vq GKwU cÖavb Kvh©vj‡qi Aax‡b †`‡k-we‡`‡k kvLv cÖwZôv K‡i e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Ges kvLv Awdm¸‡jv cÖavb Awd‡mKi wb‡`©k I wbqg-Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ _v‡K Zv‡K kvLv e¨vsK ev kvLv e¨vswKs e‡j| L. GKwU †`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvbvi g‡a¨ †h µq-weµq Kvh© AbywôZ nq Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨ e‡j| Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨i †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK¸‡jvi h‡_ó Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| e¨vsKmg~n e¨emvqxMY‡K g~jab mieivn K‡i Ges A‡_©i wbivc` I mnR †jb‡`‡bi my‡hvM †`q| A_© ¯’vbvšÍi, †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË, cÖwZwbwaZ¡ civgk© `vb I wewfbœgyLx †mev cÖ`vb K‡i e¨vsK Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨ mnvqZv Ki‡e| ZvB GK K_vq ejv hvq, No business can run without banking.” M. DÏxc‡K †h ai‡bi e¨vswKs Gi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K B-e¨vswKs ev B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs e‡j| B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs n‡jv e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vq AZ¨vaywbK Zworevnx c×wZ †hLv‡b Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ wbf©yjfv‡e m¤úªmvwiZ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î A_© D‡Ëvjb, msMÖn, ¯’vbvšÍi, †jb‡`b m¤úbœKiY, Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY cÖ`vb, †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` KvR B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z m¤úvw`Z nq| DÏxc‡K MÖvnK Zvi †Q‡j‡K UvKv cvVv‡bvi ci ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨B Zvi †Q‡j e¨vsK †_‡K A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| Avevi KLbI KLbI †PK KvUvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡”Q bv| A_©vr †m ATM KvW© e¨envi K‡i A_© D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q hv B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs-GB †KejgvÎ m¤¢e| N. Òevsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv A‡bK myweav I mvg_©¨ _vKvi ciI wcwQ‡q co‡QÓ- Avwg G e³‡e¨i mv‡_ GKgZ| evsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv †ekxifvMB mbvZb, KvwqK kªgwbf©i, mxwgZ †mev m¤^wjZ, gš’i, KvMR I bw_i RgvK…Z ¯Í‡ii mbvZb e¨vswKs c×wZ e¨envi K‡i Avm‡Q| d‡j Zv‡`i c‡ÿ Lye †ekx MÖvnK †mev ev myweav cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| 214


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evsjv‡`‡ki AZ¨vaywbK e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖhyw³MZfv‡e A‡bK `~i GwM‡q †M‡Q Zv‡`i B‡jKUªwbK e¨vsKwKs myweav cÖ`v‡bi Kvi‡Y| DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, B‡jKUªwbK e¨vsKwKs Pvjy _vKvq eZ©gv‡b MÖvnK A‡bK †ekx myweav †fvM Ki‡Q| d‡j AwZ`ªæZ, wbf©yj Ges e¨vcK we¯Í…Z †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g AvaywbK e¨vsK¸‡jv A‡bK †ekx mdj Ges GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cy‡iv‡bv e¨vsK¸‡jv mgvb Zv‡j GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Q bv| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: Rbve Aveyj nvmvb AM©vwbK c×wZ‡Z K…wl cY¨ Drcbœ K‡ib| ZvQvov wKQz K…wlcY¨ Zv‡K Avg`vwb Ki‡Z nq| †`‡ki mKj †Rjvq Ges AwaKvsk Dc‡Rjvq Zvi K…wlc‡Y¨i wWjvi i‡q‡Q| GZw`b wZwb D`qb e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g e¨emvq cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb| K…wl Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ FY cÖ‡qvRb n‡j e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vcK AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| G Amyweavi Kvi‡Y H e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ †jb‡`b eÜ K‡i wZwb evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vs‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| K. ATM Kx? 1 L. B-e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vq †P‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. †h we‡kl e¨vswKs myweavi Rb¨ Rbve Aveyj nvmvb e¨vsK cwieZ©b K‡ib Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D`qb e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vc‡Ki AcviMZv cÖKv‡ki †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. gbyl¨wenxb ¯^qsµxqfv‡e cwiPvwjZ A_© †jb‡`b e¨e¯’v‡KB GwUGg e‡j| Gi c~Y©iƒc- Automated Teller Machine. L. DbœZZi B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ, wbf©yj I we¯Í…Z Kvh© cwiPvjbvq mÿg e¨vsK e¨e¯’v‡KB Be¨vswKs e‡j| B-e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vq †P‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv KviYB‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z ¯^qswµqfv‡e Rgv I D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq| B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z GK e¨vsK †_‡K Ab¨ e¨vs‡K Znwej Zwor MwZ‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv hvq| M. FY myweav cÖvwßi Rb¨ Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg e¨vsK cwieZ©b K‡ib| evsK KZ…©K MÖvnK‡K wbw`©ó A_© avi †`qv‡K e¨vsK FY ev AwMÖg e‡j| FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i| †h e¨vsK †ewk FY w`‡Z cvi‡e, Zvi gybvdv, Avw_©K mg„w× I mybvg †ewk| DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg GKRb K…wl cY¨ Drcv`bKvix| Zvi K…wl Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ FY cÖ‡qvRb| D`qb e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vc‡Ki AcviMZvq wZwb evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vs‡K wnmve cwiPvjbvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb| K…wl e¨vs‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Kivi †cQ‡b KviY n‡jvK…wl e¨vsK K…lK‡`i wewfbœgyLx cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ ¯^í‡gqvw`, ga¨‡gqvw` I `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb K‡i| mvaviYZ mvi, exR, KxUbvkK µ‡qi Rb¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` †QvULv‡Uv K…wl hš¿cvwZ, Mevw` cï µq Ges Rwgi e¨vcK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ FY cÖ`vb K‡i| K…wl e¨vsK K…lK‡`i myweav‡_© wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †gŠmygx FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| 215


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N. D`qb e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vc‡Ki AcviMZv cÖKvk n‡jv †hŠw³K| e¨vsK KZ…©K MÖvnK‡K wbw`©ó A_© avi †`qv‡K FY e‡j| D`qb e¨vs‡Ki e¨e¯’vc‡Ki AcviMZv cÖKv‡ki †cQ‡b †h KviY Zv njhÎZÎ h‡_”Qfv‡e FY`vb e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ †Ljvwc FY e„w×mn bvbvb mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| G‡Z gybvdvi †P‡q †jvKmvb nIqvi m¤¢vebvB †ewk _v‡K| Zvij¨ msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y D`qb e¨vsK wewfbœ LvZ I cÖK‡í FY`vb wbiærmvwnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki we‡kl FY wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vi Kvi‡YI AcviMZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Kv‡kg e¨vs‡Ki Gg. wW| Zvi e¨vs‡Ki g~j †køvMvb n‡jv- ÔMÖvnK †mevi gva¨‡g mg„w×Õ| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zvi e¨vsKwU MÖvnKevÜe e¨vsK wn‡m‡e h‡_ó mybvg Kzwo‡q‡Q| wnmv‡ei msL¨v, kvLvi msL¨v, gybvdvmn me©ÎB cÖe„w× AwR©Z n‡”Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ g~jab MV‡b I mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡g Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivLvq e¨vsKwU ivóªxq cyi®‹vi †c‡q‡Q| K. †`Dwjqv Kx? 1 L. e¨vs‡Ki m”QjZvibxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU fv‡jv Kivi wcQ‡b †Kvb KviYwU AwaK KvR K‡i‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki wjL| 3 N. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU g~jab MV‡b AwaK f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvivi wcQ‡b KviYmg~n we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. †`Dwjqv AvBb Abyhvqx cvIbv cwi‡kv‡a e¨_©Zvi `v‡q Av`vjZ KZ…©K †`Dwjqv e‡j †NvwlZ e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K †`Dwjqv e‡j| L. †Kvb mgv‡Ri mvaviY wb‡`©kbv n‡jv bxwZ| e¨vs‡Ki g~jbxwZi g‡a¨ m”QjZvi bxwZ me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© i‡q‡Q| Avw_©K m”QjZv bv _vK‡j e¨vs‡Ki c‡ÿ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zvi e¨emvwqK Kvh© myôzfv‡e Pvwj‡q hvIqv m¤¢e bq| Giæc ¯^”QjZv ev Avw_©K cÖvPzh© e¨vs‡Ki GKwU Ab¨Zg bxwZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| M. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU fv‡jv Kivi wcQ‡b e¨vs‡Ki †mevi gvbwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi G hy‡M MÖvnK‡`i †mev myweav cÖvwßi e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ mZK©| ZvB m‡e©v”P †mev myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z cviv `ÿ e¨vs‡Ki Acwinvh© ¸Y| †h e¨vs‡K mn‡R UvKv Rgv †`qv hvq, A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq, mn‡R FY cvIqv hvq, wewfbœ wej cÖ`vb I A_© msMÖn Kiv hvq MÖnK‡`i wbKU †mB e¨vsK Z‡Zv DËg we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYZ MÖvnKiv e¨vsK wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î †mevi welqwU LyeB ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i †`‡L| †h e¨vs‡Ki Kg©x‡`i e¨envi DËg, †m e¨vsK wnmve Lyj‡Z mevB Drmvnx nq| eZ©gvbKv‡j e¨vsK mviv we‡k¦ †mevag©x cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e MY¨| e¨vsK cÖK…Zc‡ÿ A‡_©i †jb‡`‡bi gva¨‡g RbMY‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i| ZvB MÖvnK‡`i Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ †mev myweav wbwðZ Kiv e¨vs‡Ki KvR| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU mwVK †mevi gva¨‡g h‡_ó mybvg AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges w`b w`b DbœwZ I cÖe„w× AR©b Ki‡Q| N. wg. Kv‡k‡gi e¨vsKwU g~jab MV‡bi wcQ‡bi KviY¸‡jv nj- e¨vsKwU ZvwjKvfy³ Kxbv, e¨vs‡Ki mybvg, e¨vs‡Ki kvLv| 216


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†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó e¨vsK DËg wKbv we‡kølYKv‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Aax‡b e¨vsKwU ZvwjKvfy³ wKbv Zv †`Lv `iKvi| KviY ZvwjKvfy³ evsK AZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK A‡cÿv AwaK wbf©i‡hvM¨| wg. Kv‡ki e¨vsKwU mybv‡gi mwnZ Kvh©µg Kivi Kvi‡Y A‡bK kvLv Lyj‡Z †c‡i‡Q| A‡bK kvLv _vKvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK g~jab msMÖn n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ kvLv _vKvi Kvi‡Y e¨vsK RbMY I wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi wbKU Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv Ajm A_© wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g msMÖn K‡i †`‡ki Rb¨ AwZ Avek¨K cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab MVb K‡i| AvgvbZKvix‡`i m‡q DØy× K‡iI e¨vsK †`‡k m‡qi cwigvY e„w×i †Póv Pvjvq| e¨vsK Òc‡ii a‡b †cvÏvix K‡iÓ G cÖev` evK¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n me mgq A‡b¨i A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e msMÖn Kivi †Póv Pvjvq| e¨vsK RbM‡Yi ÿz`ª ÿz`ª A_© msMÖn K‡i Gi wbivcËv weav‡bi cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri Rb¨ I †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab MVb I G‡K e¨env‡ii †Póv Pvjvq| hv e¨vsK e¨emv‡qi Dbœq‡bi mnvqK nq| Giƒc g~jab MVb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| wg. Kv‡k‡gi AwaK g~jab MVb I AwaK kvLvi Rb¨ ivóªxqfv‡e cyi®‹vi †c‡q‡Q| cyi®‹vi cvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi AwaK mybvg AR©b n‡q‡Q| 5| wb‡Pi QKwU co Ges DËi `vI:

K. e¨vsK Kx? L. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? M. e¨vsK Kx ai‡bi e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ? e¨vL¨v Ki? N. Òe¨vsK†K avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ejv nq D‡jøwLZ wP‡Îi gva¨‡g Zv we‡kølY Ki| DËi: K. †h cÖwZôvb A_© e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ Zv‡K e¨vsK e‡j| L. Zvij¨ ej‡Z PvBevgvÎ bM` A_© cwi‡kv‡ai ÿgZv ev m¤ú‡`i bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi‡K †evSvq| e¨vsK e¨emv‡q Zvij¨ msiÿY Kiv‡K e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ bxwZ e‡j| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki me©‡kl Av‡`k Abyhvqx Bmjvgx kwiqvwfwËK I we‡klvwqZ e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ 11.50% evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ 19% Zvij¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| 217


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2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q gvbyl miKvix e¨vs‡K †h‡Z Pvq bv| †ewki fvM gvbyl †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K hvq| miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv Zv‡`i e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cyivZb c×wZ‡Z cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| G‡Z MÖvn‡Ki e¨vswKs †mev A‡bK mgq jv‡M| ZvQvov MÖvnK †h ai‡bi e¨vswKs †mev †c‡Z Pvq ZvI miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv w`‡Z cv‡i bv| RbZv e¨vs‡Ki M.D GB welqwU wb‡q DwØMœ| wZwb G Ae¯’v DËi‡Yi cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib| K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †mevi bxwZwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y gvbyl †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K hv‡”Q? 3 N. miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j Kx Kiv DwPZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki|gZvgvZ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †h e¨vsK Rbmvavi‡Yi AvgvbZ MÖnY I FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i, Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j| L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg bxwZ n‡jv MÖvnK‡`i m‡e©vËg †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡`i e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ AvMÖnx K‡i †Zvjv| eZ©gvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv c~Y© evRv‡i G bxwZi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡bi Ici e¨vs‡Ki mvdj¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wbf©ikxj| †Kvb MÖvnK‡`i †mevi gva¨‡gB evRv‡i GKwU e¨vs‡Ki mybvg m„wó nq, hv e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg c~uwR| M. DbœZ I AvaywbK †mevi Kvi‡Y gvbyl †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K hv‡”Q| Service first GB bxwUi Dci †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖwZwôZ| †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv MÖvnK‡`i m‡e©v”P †mev cÖ`vb‡K †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`q| DbœZ cÖhyw³ DbœZ †mevi Acwinvh© kZ©| ZvB DbœZ MÖvnK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi Rb¨ e¨vsK‡K Aek¨ DbœZ cÖhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv Kw¤úDUvivBRW wnmve I †jb‡`b c×wZ AbjvBb e¨vswKs myweav| ATM ey_ G KvW© myweav BZ¨vw` †mev cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g MÖvnK‡`i mš‘wó AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| GB Kvi‡Y gvbyl †emiKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K hv‡”Q| N. miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j †mevi gvb DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡e| eZ©gvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK e¨emvq RM‡Z `ÿZvi †Kvb weKí †bB| ZvB miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv e¨e¯’vcbv‡K `ÿ K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| `ÿ e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g mKj Kg©KZ©v G Kg©Pvix‡`i wK cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g Ges DbœZ cÖhyw³ I Kjv‡KŠkj e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i `ÿ K‡i M‡o Zzj‡e| MÖvnK‡`i `„wó AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb Product mvwf©m evRv‡i Avbvi Rb¨ miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K cÖqvm Pvjv‡Z n‡e| bZzb AvgvbZ cÖKí †hgb nR¡ cÖKí, †cbkb ¯‹xg, bZzb bZzb FY I wewb‡qvM cÖKí, Iqvb ÷c mvwf©m, Online c×wZ BZ¨vw`i cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq DcwiD³ c×wZmg~n Aej¤^b K‡i miKvix evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡e| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: gyb÷vi e¨vsK nVvr K‡i KZK¸‡jv eo jvfRbK Lv‡Z FY w`‡q I wewb‡qvM K‡i msK‡U c‡o‡Q| wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †_‡K eo AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Ki‡jI Zv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| e¨vsK Rv‡b, GKevi MÖvnK‡`i †P‡Ki A_© cwi‡kv‡a AÿgZvi m„wó n‡j Zv eo ai‡bi mgm¨vi m„wó Ki‡e| G Ae¯’vq †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ¯§iYvcbœ n‡jI Zv h‡_ó n‡”Q bv| e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl©` bZzb bZzb Kg©m~Px w`‡q AvgvbZ msMÖ‡ni ZvwM` w`‡q‡Q| 239


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K. e¨vwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ Kx? 1 L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. gyb÷vi e¨vs‡Ki msKU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl©` †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zv Giƒc e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb bxwZi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©? Giƒc bxwZi h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m¤úwË I `vq †`bvi D؄ˇK `yÕwU c„_K Kjv‡g avivevwnKfv‡e Dc¯’vcbv‡KB evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki DØ„Ë cÎ e‡j| L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg bxwZ n‡jv MÖvn‡Ki wnmve I RgvK…Z m¤ú‡`i me©vwaK †MvcbxqZv eRvq ivLv| KviY RbMY Zvi Rxe‡bi mwÂZ Ag~j¨ m¤ú` e¨vs‡Ki wbKU Mw”QZ †i‡L wbwðZ _vK‡Z Pvq| Gi †MvcbxqZv cÖKvk †c‡j Zv‡Z A‡nZzK weo¤^bv ev‡o| G‡Z e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZ RbM‡Yi Av¯’v webó nq| M. gyb÷vi e¨vs‡Ki msKUwU wQj Zvi‡j¨i msKU| MÖvnK‡`i RgvK…Z A_© PvwnevgvÎ †dir`v‡bi ÿgZv‡K e¨vs‡Ki fvlvq Zvij¨ e‡j| G bxwZi Av‡jv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK me©mg‡q Ggb cwigvY A_© ev Zvij¨ msiÿY K‡i hv‡Z MÖvnK‡`i DÌvwcZ †PK †diZ hvIqvi m¤¢vebv †hgwb bv _v‡K †Zgwb AwaK Zvij¨ msiÿ‡Yi d‡j e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb mvg_©¨I n«vm bv cvq| DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU jvfRbK eo eo Lv‡Z FY w`‡q I wewb‡qvM Kivq Zviv wKQzUv Zvij¨ msK‡U c‡o‡Q| d‡j Zviv MÖvnK‡`i A_© PvwnevgvÎ †diZ cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i e‡j fve‡Q| G Ae¯’vq Zviv Zvj¨ msKU †_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi Dcvq LyuR‡Q| N. gyb÷vi e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cl©` †h wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q Zv nj bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ Abymi‡Yi| MÖvnK‡`i `„wó AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb †cÖvWv± I mvwf©m evRv‡i Avbvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bvI AvaywbK e¨vs‡Ki g~jbxwZ| bZzb AvgvbZ cÖKí; †hgb- n¾ cÖKí, wewfbœ †cbkb ¯‹xg, gvwmK Avq cÖKí, jvLcwZ cÖKí BZ¨vw` Ges bZzb bZzb FY I wewb‡qvM cÖKí, Iqvb ÷c mvwf©m, †iwK¨vk, ATM KvW© BZ¨vw`i cÖeZ©b Gi D`vniY| DÏxc‡Ki gyb÷vi e¨vsKwU KZK¸‡jv eo eo FY w`‡q I wewb‡qvM Kivq eZ©gv‡b Zvij¨ msK‡U c‡o‡Q| d‡j MÖvnK‡`i PvwnevgvÎ A_© cwi‡kv‡ai †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e cwiPvjK cl©` bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ †g‡b Zvij¨ msKU `~i Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ †g‡b Pj‡j wewfbœ Lv‡Z AvgvbZ msM„nxZ n‡q Ges Zvij¨ msKU K‡g hv‡e| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wknve gbmyi wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vsK m¤ú‡K© c‡o‡Q| wkíe¨vsK, K…wl e¨vsK, gv‡P©›U e¨vsK AviI A‡bK e¨vsK| wKš‘ kn‡i e›`‡i me©Î †m †h e¨vsK †`‡L‡Q Zvi mv‡_ wkí I K…wli bvg D‡jøL †bB| GKB bv‡g bvbvb RvqMvq e¨vsK| Zvi evev †hB e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib †mB e¨vsKwU h‡_ó cwicvwU K‡i ¸Qv‡bv, A‡bK †jvK KvR K‡i| evev ej‡jb, e¨vsKwU gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| wknv‡ei wPšÍv evev UvKv Rgv †`b Avevi D‡Ëvjb K‡ib- Zvn‡j e¨vsKwU gybvdv AR©b K‡i Kxfv‡e? K. B-e¨vswKs Kx? 1 L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. wknve kn‡i e›`‡i †h e¨vsK jÿ¨ Ki‡Q mvsMVwbK wePv‡i Zv †Kvb ai‡Yi e¨vsK e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨vsKwU Kxfv‡e gybvdv AR©b K‡i? wknv‡ei fvebvi †cÖwÿ‡Z welqwU we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. DbœZi B‡jKUªwbK cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i AwZ `ªæZ Ges wbf©yj Kvh© cwiPvjbvq mÿg e¨vsK e¨e¯’v‡KB Be¨vswKs e‡j| L. gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q †h e¨vsK AvgvbZ msMÖn, FY `vb I MÖvnK‡`i wewfbœ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j| 240


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evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g~jab I A‡_©i ga¨¯’ e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb| G cÖwZôvb wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K ¯^ímy‡` ev jv‡f A_© msMÖn K‡i| msM„nxZ A_© †ewk my‡` ev jv‡f ¯^í‡gqvw` FY wnmv‡e cÖ`vb K‡i| M. wknve kn‡i e›`‡i †h e¨vsK jÿ¨ K‡i‡Q mvsMVwbK wePv‡i Zv kvLv e¨vsK| GKwU cÖavb Awd‡mi Aax‡b kvLv ¯’Ac‡bi gva¨‡g †h e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K kvLv e¨vswKs e‡j| wg. wknve bvbvb RvqMvq †h e¨vsK Awdm †`L‡Z cvb Zv g~jZ e¨vsK| e„n`vqZb e¨vsK e¨emv‡q e¨vsK¸‡jv †`‡k-we‡`‡k kvLv ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| N. Kg my‡` AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges †ewk my‡` FY w`‡q gybvdv AR©b K‡i| e¨vsK wewfbœ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g AvgvbwZ wnmv‡ei A_© Rgv iv‡L, FY †`q, wewb‡qvM K‡i, A‡_©i †jb‡`b I †mB mv‡_ wej I eÐ evÆv K‡i Ges †PK, WªvdU, †c-AW©vi BZ¨vw` Bmy¨ I Zvi gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n gybvdv AR©b K‡i| wknv‡ei wPšÍv evev UvKv Rgv †`b Avevi D‡Ëvjb K‡ib Gi g‡a¨ e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv nq Kxfv‡e? wknve ïay e¨vs‡K A_© Rgv I D‡Ëvjb welqwU †`‡L‡Q| wKš‘ e¨vsK †h Aci c‡ÿ FY `vb I wewb‡qvM K‡i †m welq †m KLbI †`‡Lwb| e¨vsK g~jZ AvgvbZKvixi A_© Rgv iv‡L Ges Gi wecix‡Z Kg nv‡i my` cÖ`vb K‡i Aci c‡ÿ e¨vsK FY MÖnxZv I wewb‡qvMKvixi wbKU n‡Z AwaK my` cvq| Avi G `y‡qi cv_©K¨B n‡jv e¨vs‡Ki gybvdv| ZvB wknv‡ei aviYvUv wVK bq| DcwiD³ fv‡e e¨vsK gybvdv AR©b K‡i| 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. nvwee †h e¨vs‡K †jb‡`b K‡ib Zvi Kg©xiv Kv‡R LyeB AvšÍwiK I PUc‡U| bZzb bZzb †mevI Zviv Advi Ki‡Q| wKš‘ e¨vsKwU Dchy³ ¯’v‡b kvLv bv †Lvjvq e¨emvwqK w`K w`‡q wKQzUv n‡jI gš’i MwZ cwijwÿZ n‡”Q| G welqwU DËi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcK wewfbœ c`‡ÿc nv‡Z wb‡q‡Qb| K. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 1 L. ¯^”QjZvi bxwZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 M. bZzb bZzb †mev cÖ`v‡b e¨vsKwU †Kvb bxwZwU AbymiY K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. e¨vsKwU Dchy³ ¯’v‡b kvLv bv †Lvjvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb bxwZwU cvj‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Q? e¨e¯’vc‡Ki M„nxZ c`‡ÿc¸‡jv Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ gybvdv AR©b| L. ¯^”QjZv ej‡Z `vq cwi‡kv‡ai mvg_©¨‡K eySvq? AvaywbK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© cwi‡e‡k e¨emvq m¤cÖmviY Ges mwVKfv‡e wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K h‡_ó ¯^”Qj n‡Z nq| G Rb¨ h‡_ó wbR¯^ g~jab _vKv Avek¨K| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK hw` Am”Qj nq Ges GKevi Giƒc aviYv RbM‡Yi gv‡S M‡o I‡V Z‡e †mB e¨vsK KLbB Av¯’v AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| M. bZzb bZzb †mev cÖ`v‡b e¨vsKwU bZzbZ¡ cÖeZ©‡bi bxwZ AbymiY K‡i‡Q| MÖvnK‡`i `„wó AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb †cÖvWv± I mvwf©m evRv‡i Avbvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv I AvaywbK evwY‡R¨i g~jbxwZ| DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU bZzb AvgvbZ cÖKí; †hgb- n¾¡ cÖKí, wewfbœ †cbkb ¯‹xg, gvwmK Avq cÖKí, jvLcwZ BZ¨vw` Ges bZzb bZzb FY I wewb‡qvM cÖKí, Iqvb ÷c mvwf©m, †iwWK¨vk, ATM KvW© BZ¨vw` cÖeZ©b Gi D`vniY| N. Ae¯’vbMZ bxwZ Abymi‡Y e¨_© n‡q‡Q| 241


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evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K mdjZvi Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯’v‡b e¨vs‡Ki kvLv ¯’vcb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G‡Z g‡°‡ji msL¨v e„w× cvq| †mRb¨ Ave¯’v‡bi bxwZ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg bxwZ| wg. nvwee †h e¨vsKwUi mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡i‡Qb †mB e¨vsKwU cÖPvibxwZ I AvaywbKvq‡bi †ÿ‡Î AMÖMvgx| wKš‘ cÖwZôvbwU kvLv ¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î Ae¯’vbMZ bxwZUv mwVKfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †mRb¨ e¨vsKwU gybvdv AR©‡b wcwQ‡q c‡o‡Q| G Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ e¨ve¯’vcK †h me c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cv‡ib Zv n‡jv e¨vsKwU kvLv †Lvjvi †ÿ‡Î Ggb RvqMv kvLv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b wkí I e¨emv‡qi †K›`ªwe›`y| MÖvnK‡`i KvQvKvwQ e¨vs‡Ki Ae¯’vb n‡j fvj nq| G‡Z MÖvnK‡`i hvZvqv‡Zi myweav nq, MÖvnK msL¨v e„w× cvq| DcwiD³ c`‡ÿc¸‡jv AbymiY Kiv DwPZ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: AvgvbZ †_‡K FY Ges FY †_‡K AvgvbZ m„wó nq; GUv fve‡Z †ek AevK jv‡M kg©xi| †m fv‡e AvgvbZ I FY mgvb ev‡o| Zvi eÜz mygb ejj, e¨vsK mivmwi F‡Yi A_© FY MÖvn‡Ki nv‡Z †`q bv| Aek¨ Avgvb‡Zi cy‡ivUv e¨vsK FY w`‡Z cv‡i bv| SLR e‡j GKUv K_v Av‡Q| hw` Zv a‡iv 20% Z‡e Zvi Av‡jv‡K wnmve Ki‡jB 1000 UvKvi cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P KZ UvKv ch©šÍ AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡e Zv †ei Kiv m¤¢e| K. ZvwjKv fy³ e¨vsK Kx? 1 L. B-e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx ZeySvq? 2 M.MÖvnK‡`i eivÏK…Z F‡Yi A_© e¨vsK †Kv_vq Rgv K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. GKUv AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P †h cwigvY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? DÏxc‡Ki D`vniY †_‡K KZ UvKvi Giƒc AvgvbZ m„wó n‡e †ei Ki Zv g~j¨vqb Ki 4 DËi: K. †h me e¨vsK †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki kZ©mg~n †g‡b wb‡q Gi ZvwjKvq AšÍf©y³ nq Zv‡K ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK e‡j| L. B-e¨vswKs ev B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs c×wZ n‡jv e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ`v‡bi AvaywbK †KŠkj ev c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw&³ e¨envi K‡i AwZ`ªæZ wbf©yjfv‡e m¤cÖmvwiZ e¨vswKs †mev myweav cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î A_© D‡Ëvjb, msMÖn, ¯’vbvšÍi, †jb‡`b m¤cbœKiY, Z_¨ msMÖn, msiÿY, cÖ`vb, †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` KvR B‡jKUªwb· c×wZ‡Z m¤úvw`Z nq| M. MÖvnK‡K eivÏK…Z F‡Yi A_© e¨vsK FYMÖnxZvi AvgbZ wnmv‡e Rgv iv‡L| e¨vsK hLb †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K FY cÖ`vb K‡i ZLb mivmwi bM` A_© FY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb bv K‡i FY MÖnxZv‡K Zvi bv‡g GKwU AvgvbZ wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ e‡j Ges D³ wnmve F‡Yi A_© †µwWU K‡i| AZ:ci FYMÖnxZv D³ F‡Yi A_© †P‡Ki gva¨‡g D‡Ëvjb K‡i| DÏxc‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, eÜz myg‡bi K_v Abyhvqx e¨vsK mivmwi F‡Yi A_© FY MÖvn‡Ki nv‡Z †`q bv| N. GKUv AvgvbZ m‡e©v”P †h cwigvY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i Zv‡K FY AvgvbZ m„wói cÖwµqv e‡j| Awfbe cš’vq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖvß Avgvb‡Zi GKUv wbw`©ó Ask Zvij¨ mwÂwZ wn‡m‡e msiÿY K‡i evwKUv FY †`q Ges FY mivmwi bv w`‡q Zv FYMÖnxZvi AvgvbZ wnmv‡e ¯’vbvšÍic~e©K cybivq D³ AvgvbZ †_‡K bZzb F‡Yi m„wó K‡i Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó e‡j| FY AvgvbZ = AvgvbZ ÷ bM` Rgvi nvi = 1000 ÷ 20% 20 = 1000 ÷ 100 100 = 1000 × 20 = 5000 242


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Rxeb wegv

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Rxeb wegv

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e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

Rxeb wegv

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e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

Rxeb wegv

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Rxeb wegv

beg Aa¨vq: Rxeb wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

Rxeb wegv

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e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

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Rxeb wegv

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8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| ¯^bvgab¨ e¨emvqx Rbve iwng wb‡Ri Ges cwiev‡ii fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv K‡i Met Life Alico Gi mv‡_ 2008 mv‡j 20 eQ‡ii R‡b¨ 20 jÿ wegvK…Z A‡_©i mv‡_ †Kv¤úvwbi 5% jf¨vsk cÖ`v‡bi cÖwZkÖæwZ †`q| wegvi wcÖwgqvg wn‡m‡e Rbve iwng cÖwZ wZb gvm AšÍi 25 nvRvi UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡Qb| MZ `yB eQi hver A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y Rbve iwng Zvi e¨emvq µgvMZ †jvKmvb Ki‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ ¸`v‡g ivLv wKQz cY¨ cwjwmwU Pvwj‡q †bqv KóKi n‡q c‡o‡Q| (K) wegv Pzw³ Kx? 1 (L) g„Ëz¨nvi cwÄ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 2 (M) Rbve iwng †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki Rbve iwn‡gi e¨emv‡qi R‡b¨ c„_K †Kv‡bv wegvcÎ MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb wQj Kx? †Zvgvi Dˇii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve RvwKi †nv‡mb b¨vkbvj d¨vbm& wj. U½x-Gi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi| `yB †Q‡j I ¯¿x wb‡q Zvi my‡Li msmvi| eo †Q‡j widvZ mßg I †QvU †Q‡j ivnvZ cÂg †kªwYi QvÎ| eQi `y‡qK c~‡e© wZwb ZvKvdzj Bmjvgx jvBd BbwmI‡iÝ †Kvs wj. †_‡K b¨vkbvj cwievi Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i c‡ÿ †Mvôx AÿgZv wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡ib| wZb gvm c~‡e© GK gg©vwšÍK moK `yN©Ubvq Zv‡K c½y nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡Z nq| MZ mßv‡n wZwb evmvq wd‡ib| (K) `yN©Ubv Kx? 1 (L) `yN©Ubv wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSv? 2 (M) RvwKi mv‡n‡ei cwiev‡ii ÿwZc~i‡Y ZvKvdz‡ji KiYxq e¨vL¨v K‡i| 3 (N) `yN©Ubvq c½y n‡q RvwKi mv‡ne weQvbvq, ZvKvdz‡ji †Mvôx wegvq Zvi wKQzUv `vq Kgvq-we‡kølY Ki| 4 10| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ`vb c~e©K †Ubkb wd« †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ 10,000 UvKvi 30 eQi †gvw` GKwU wegv cwjwm MÖnY K‡ib| †gqv` †k‡l Rbve cjvk RxweZ _v‡Kb Ges Pzw³ Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZ eQi Zv‡K 20,000 UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i| (K) ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg Kx? 1 (L) ÔAwMœwegv ÿwZ c~i‡Yi Pzw³Õ-e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ`vb K‡ib †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) †Kv¤úvwbi 20,000 UvKv cÖ`vb Kx hyw³hy³? we‡kølY K‡iv| 4

296


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1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Rvgvb GÛ †Kvs Pxb †_‡K 2 †KvwU 35 jÿ UvKvi B‡jKwUªK mvgMÖx µq K‡i Lvb wkwcs jvBb‡mi GKwU Rvnv‡R †cÖiY K‡i| wZwb RvnvR fvov eve` 3 jÿ 65 nvRvi UvKv, cY¨ RvnvRxKiY LiP 50 nvRvi UvKv Ges 70 nvRvi UvKv ïé cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ 2 jÿ 30 nvRvi UvKv wcÖwgqvg cÖ`vb K‡i GKwU †bŠwegv m¤úbœ K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi c‡_ Mfxi mgy‡`ª RvnvRwU †Wvevi Dcµg n‡j 25 jÿ UvKvi cY¨ bvweKMY mgy‡`ª †d‡j †`b| G‡Z RvnvRwU iÿv cvq| (SESDP) K. †bŠ wec` Kx? 1 L. †bŠ wegvq Ae¨³ kZ© ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Rvgvb GÛ †Kvs Gi c‡Y¨i wegvg~j¨ wbiƒcY Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki DÏxc‡K bvweK‡`i cY¨ †d‡j †`Iqvi d‡j m„ó ÿwZi SzuwKI wegv‡hvM¨? Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 DËi: K. †bŠ ev mgy`ª c‡_ gvjvgvj wb‡q Pjvi mgq RvnvR †h mKj wec‡`i m¤§yLxb nq Zv‡K †bŠ ev mvgyw`ªK wec` e‡j| L. kZ© ej‡Z Pzw³ wbqš¿YKvix wbqg, cvjbxq wb‡`©k, cÖwZkÖæwZ BZ¨vw`‡K eySvq| ZvB †bŠ-wegv Pzw³i kZ© n‡jv Gi Dfqc‡ÿi Rb¨ cvjbxq wb‡`©k ev A½xKvi| wjwLZfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nqwb A_P AvBb Abyhvqx cvjbxq Ggb kZ©‡K Ae¨³ kZ© e‡j| Giƒc kZ© f½ n‡j Z¾b¨ ÿwZMÖ¯Í cÿ AvBbvbyM e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i| M. Rvgvb GÛ †Kvs Gi c‡Y¨i wegvg~j¨ nj- 2,35,00,000 + 3,65,000 = 2, 38,65,000 UvKv| A_©vr 2 †KvwU 38 jÿ 65 nvRvi UvKv| Avgiv Rvwb †h, †bŠ wegv mvaviY 4 ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| h_v(K) RvnvR wegv (L) cY¨ wegv (M) fvov ev gvïj wegv (N) †bŠ- `vq wegv| DÏxc‡K cY¨ g~j¨ 2 †KvwU 35 jÿ UvKv Ges RvnvR fvov eve` 3 jÿ 65 nvRvi UvKv †bŠ wegvi AšÍM©Z n‡e| wKš‘ RvnvRxKiY LiP I ïé wegvi AšÍf©y³ n‡e bv| †mB wnmv‡e wegv g~j¨ n‡e 2 †KvwU 38 jÿ 65 nvRvi UvKv| N. DÏxc‡Ki bvweK‡`i cY¨ †d‡j †`Iqvi d‡j m„ó ÿwZi SzuwKI wegv‡hvM¨ Avwg Gwel‡qi mv‡_ GKgZ|


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

†bŠ-wegv

RvnvR I RvnvRw¯’Z cY¨‡K eo ai‡bi wec` †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ evwnZ c‡Y¨i Askwe‡kl mgy‡`ª wb‡ÿc Kiv‡KB cY¨ wb‡ÿcY e‡j| Giƒc Kivi wcQ‡b g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K cY¨evnx RvnvR‡K wKQzUv nvjKv K‡i Wy‡e hvIqvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| Giƒc ÿwZi SzuwKI eZ©gvbKv‡j wegv‡hvM¨| DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K ZvKv‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, evsjv‡`‡k Avmvi c‡_ Mfxi mgy‡`ª RvnvRwU †Wvevi Dcµg n‡j 25 jÿ UvKvi cY¨ bvweKMY mgy‡`ª †d‡j †`b| myZivs ejv hvq †h, D³ ÿwZi SzuwK wegv‡hvM¨| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| mygb Zvi eÜz †mv‡n‡ji RvnvR fvov wb‡q gvjvgvj cwienY K‡i| †m evwnZ gvjvgv‡ji fvovi wec‡ÿ wegv K‡i Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwK Gi AšÍf©y³ K‡i| GKw`b RvnvRwU Av‡iKwU eo Rvnv‡Ri mv‡_ avKv †j‡M Wy‡e hvq| wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU mygb ÿwZc~iY `vwe Ki‡j †Kv¤úvwb e‡j †h‡nZz RvnvRwU myg‡bi bq ZvB †m ÿwZc~iY cv‡e bv| gvgjv n‡j Av`vjZ ÿwZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k †`q| K. RvnvR wegv Kx? 1 L. mgy‡`ª cY¨ wb‡ÿcY ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. mygb †h wegv K‡i‡Q Zv‡K welqe¯‘i wfwˇZ Kx e‡j e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †Kvb bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Awf‡hv‡M wegv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe cwi‡kv‡a A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q? G‡ÿ‡Î Av`vj‡Zi iv‡qi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. mgy`ª c‡_ RvnvR PjvPjKv‡j Rvnv‡Ri AvswkK ev mvgwMÖK ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i| Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK ev Rvnv‡Ri Ici wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© i‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ KZ©„K D³ ÿwZ Avw_©Kfv‡e †gvKvwejvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wegv Kiv n‡j Zv‡K RvnvR wegv e‡j| L. RvnvR I RvnvRw¯’Z cY¨‡K eo ai‡Yi wec` †_‡K iÿvi Rb¨ evwnZ c‡Y¨i Ask we‡kl mgy‡`ª wb‡ÿc Kiv‡KB cY¨ wb‡ÿcY e‡j| cY¨ wb‡ÿc‡Yi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K cY¨evnx RvnvR‡K wKQzUv nvjKv K‡i Wy‡e hvIqvi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| Giƒc ÿwZi SzuwKI eZ©gvbKv‡j wegv‡hvM¨| M. mygb †h wegv K‡i‡Q Zv‡K welqe¯‘i wfwˇZ fvov ev gvïj wegv e‡j| Rvnv‡R evwnZ cY¨ webó n‡j cY¨ gvwj‡Ki wbKU n‡Z evnK fvov Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z cwienY †Kv¤úvwb ev RvnvR †Kv¤úvwbi Avw_©K ÿwZ nq| Giƒc ÿwZi nvZ n‡Z evnK ev RvnvR †Kv¤úvwb‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿvi Rb¨ †h wegvc‡Îi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q Zv‡K fvov ev gvïj wegv e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki mygb RvnvR fvov wb‡q gvjvgvj cwienY K‡i| †m evwnZ gvjvgv‡ji fvovi wec‡ÿ wegv K‡i Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwKi AšÍ©f~³ K‡i hv fvov ev gvïj wegvi AvIZvq c‡o| 298


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

N. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡_©i bxwZi e¨Z¨‡qi Kvi‡Y wegv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe cwi‡kv‡a A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q|

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e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

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5| wb‡Pi DÏxKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wg. Rvgvb GKUv †cÖm I evBwÛs KviLvbv Ki‡eb| miKv‡ii AbygwZ jvB‡mÝ PvB‡jb| A‡bK k‡Z©i g‡a¨ GKUv kZ© wegv Kiv n‡q‡Q Kx bv? wegv Ki‡Z †M‡j AwMœwbe©vcK M¨vm wmwjÛvi jvMv‡bvi kZ© †`qv n‡jv| kZ© †g‡b wZwb wegv Ki‡jb| ÿwZ msNwUZ n‡j wegvKvix Zv c~iY Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q‡Q| wg. Rvgvb e¨emvq Pvjv‡Z ¯^v”Q›`‡eva Ki‡Qb| K. Mo coZv wegvcÎ Kx? 1 L. AwMœwegvq ˆbwZK SzuwK ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Rvgvb †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i‡Qb- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. wg. Rvgvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³? wg. Rvgv‡bi ¯^”Q›`‡ev‡ai mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h wegvc‡Îi †ejvq ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ cwigvY `vwe cwi‡kva bv K‡i MociZv nv‡i Zv wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K MocoZv wegvcÎ e‡j| L. wegv MÖnxZvi PwiÎ ev cvk¦©eZ©x †jvKR‡bi Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K m„wó SzuwK‡KB ˆbwZK SzuwK e‡j| ˆbwZK SzuwK A`„k¨gvb Ges Zv gvby‡li Ici wbf©ikxj| ˆbwZK SzuwK †m‡nZz gvby‡li AmvayZvi Ici wbf©ikxj, ZvB wegvKvixi c‡ÿ Zv Abygvb Kiv mnR bq| M. wg. Rvgvb AwMœwegv K‡i‡Qb| AwMœwegv n‡jv AwMœRwbZ wec‡`i SzuwK †gvKvwejvi GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZiÿv e¨e¯’v| †h Pzw³i Øviv †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ AwMœKv‡Ði d‡j wba©vwiZ m¤úwËi ÿwZ ev nvwb n‡j wbw`©ó mxgv cwigvY ch©šÍ ÿwZc~iY Kiv n‡eG g‡g© wegvKvix I wegvMÖnxZvi g‡a¨ Pzw³ nq Zv‡KB AwMœwegv e‡j| DÏxc‡Ki wg. Rvgvb Zvi †cÖm I evBwÛs KviLvbvwU wegv Ki‡Z †M‡j AwMœ wbe©vcK M¨vm wmwjÛvi jvMv‡bvi kZ© †`qv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h GwU GKwU AwMœwegv| N. wg. Rvgvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| AwMœwegv n‡jv AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi wec‡ÿ Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY e¨e¯’v| †h Kvi‡Y Zv wbtm‡›`‡n ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| G‡ÿ‡Î m¤úyY© SzuwK wegv Kiv n‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb AvswkK ÿwZi †ejvq AvswkK Ges m¤ú~Y© ÿwZi †ejvq m¤ú~Y© A_© cÖ`v‡b eva¨ _v‡K| DÏxc‡Ki wg. Rvgvb hLb †Kv¤úvwbi kZ© †g‡b wb‡q wegv K‡ib ZLb cieZ©x‡Z ÿwZ msNwUZ n‡j wegvKvix Zv c~iY Kivi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq GwU ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³| †h‡nZz ÿwZ n‡j ÿwZc~iY cvIqv hv‡e ZvB wg. Rvgvb ¯^v”Q‡›` Zvi e¨emvq Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Qb| 6| mvfv‡i wg. ivqnv‡bi GKwU RyZvi KviLvbv i‡q‡Q| RyZv ˆZwii †KwgK¨vj n‡Z †h †Kvb mgq AwMœKvÛ NU‡Z cv‡i weavq wZwb Zvi AwMœwegv‡hvM¨ m¤úw˸‡jvi Rb¨ GKwU wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g wKw¯Í wcÖwgqvg cÖ`v‡bi ciciB AwMœKv‡Û mewKQz fw¯§f~Z n‡q hvq| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU ÿwZc~iY †P‡q Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb| (K) Mo wegvcÎ Kx? 1 (L) AwMœwegvc‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi Av¸‡bi SuywK eR©b Kiv nq? 2

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(M) wg. ivqnvb †Kvb ai‡bi wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 (N) wg. ivqnvb DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K Kx cwigvY ÿwZc~iY cv‡eb? hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 DËi: K. †h wegvc‡Îi †ejvq ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ cwigvY `vwe cwi‡kva bv K‡i MocoZv nv‡i Zv wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K MocoZv wegvcÎ e‡j| L. AwMœwegv †Kv¤úvwb wegvc‡Î D‡jøwLZ KviYmg~n Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y msNwUZ `yN©Ubvq wegvK…Z m¤úwË webó n‡j Zvi Rb¨ `vqx _v‡K bv| GRb¨ c~e© n‡ZB AwMœwegvc‡Î eR©bxq SzuwK¸‡jvi D‡jøL Kiv nq| eR©bxq SzuwKmg~n wb¤œiƒc: 1| welqe¯‘ ¯^Ztù~Z© cÖ`vn ev Zvc ev Zvc cÖ‡qvMK…Z †Kvb cÖwµqv †_‡K AwMœ; 2| f~wgK¤ú ev f~Mf©¯’ AwMœ; 3| mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v, AmgwiK Av‡›`vjb I we‡`ªvn n‡Z AwMœ; 4| hy×weMÖn, AvµgY, we‡`kx kÎæi kÎæZv, M„nhy×, we‡`ªvn BZ¨vw` †_‡K AwMœ| M. wg. ivqnvb Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| †h AwMœwegv Pzw³‡Z ev AwMœwegvc‡Î c~e© †_‡K wegvK…Z m¤úwËi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq bv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi KvR cieZ©x mg‡q Kivi e¨e¯’v _v‡K Zv‡K Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ e‡j| GKRb wegvMÖnxZvi †h mKj m¤úwË AwMœwegv‡hvM¨ †m¸‡jv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i G ai‡bi wegvcÎ †Lvjv n‡Z cv‡i| DÏxc‡Ki wg. ivqnv‡bi GKwU RyZvi KviLvbv i‡q‡Q| AwMœRwbZ SzuwK Gov‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb GKwU AwMœwegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zvi †h mKj m¤úwË Awegv‡hvM¨ †m¸‡jv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i wZwb GKwU wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †h‡nZz c~e© n‡Z m¤úwËi g~j¨ wbiƒcY Kiv nqwb ZvB GwU GKwU Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ| N. wg. ivqnvb DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU †_‡K evRvi g~j¨ Abyhvqx ÿwZc~iY cvq| Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î m¤úwËi g~j¨ ce© n‡Z wba©viY Kiv nq bv Ges g~j¨vq‡bi KvR cieZ©x mg‡q Kivi e¨e¯’v nq| G‡Z ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxwZ Abym„Z nq Ges ÿwZi D™¢e n‡j evRvi g~j¨ Abyhvqx Zv wbY©xZ nq| DÏxc‡K wg. ivqnvb Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î m¤úwËi g~j¨ c~e© n‡Z g~j¨vqb Kiv nqwb| cÖ_g wKw¯Í wcÖwgqvg cÖ`v‡bi ciciB AwMœKv‡Ð mewKQz fw®§f~Z n‡q hvq| Ag~j¨vwqZ wegvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZc~i‡Yi bxU Abym„Z nq| GgZve¯’vq KZUzKz ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Zv wba©viY K‡i evRvig~j¨ wbiƒcY K‡i wegv`vwe c~iY Kiv n‡e|

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GKv`k Aa¨vq: AwMœ wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Rnx‡ii A‡bK e‡ov e¨emvq| RvnvR Av‡Q, e›`‡i wbR¯^ ¸`vg Av‡Q| RvnvR I ¸`vg GKB †Kv¤úvwb‡Z wegv K‡ib| wZwb wb‡Ri RwebI wegv Kwi‡q‡Qb| Z‡e GKB wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z Zv Kiv hvq wb| ¸`vg wegv Ki‡Z Zv‡K PvwiwÎK mb`mn bvbvb KvMRcÎ Rgv w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb fv‡eb GKB wegv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z RvnvR I ¸`vg wegvi †ÿ‡Î †Kv¤úvwb A‡bK †ekx mZK©| K. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© Kx? 1 L. Mo-coZv wegvcÎ ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. wg. Rnxi RvnvR I ¸`vg †Kvb ai‡bi wegv cÖwZôv‡b wegv K‡ib e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ¸`vg‡gi Rb¨ wg. Rnxi †Kvb ai‡bi wegv K‡i‡Qb? G‡ÿ‡Î AwZwi³ welqvw` †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki|4 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| hgybv BbwmI‡iÝ GKUv ¯^bvgab¨ wegv cÖwZôvb| MÖvnK‡`i `vwe c~i‡Yi wel‡q LyeB AvšÍwiK| Gi †P‡qI e‡ov K_v Zviv Zv‡`i wegv„Z m¤úwË Av¸‡bi nvZ †_‡K Kxfv‡e iÿv iKv hvq GRb¨ MÖvnK‡`i memgq civgk© †`q Ges †Lvu-Lei iv‡L| G Rb¨ MÖvnKivI Lykx| †mRb¨ A‡bK e‡ov e‡ov e¨emvqx Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wegv K‡i‡Q| Z‡e †ewk cwjwm Ly‡j †djvq wegv †Kv¤úvwb `ytwðšÍMÖ¯Í| ZvB Zviv mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i‡Q| G‡Z †Kv¤úvwbwU mybv‡gi mv‡_ e¨emvq Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j g‡b Ki‡Q| K. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ikb Kx? 1 L. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZ ev AcPq ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. hgybv BbwmI‡iÝ Gi †Póvi d‡j MÖvnK‡`i g‡a¨ Kx‡mi m„wó nq e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †Kv¤úvwbwU mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ Kx Pyw³ K‡i‡Q? Gi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| AvkdvK Zvi Mv‡g©Èm d¨v±ixi Dci 10 jÿ UvKvi GKwU AwMœwegv m¤úv`b K‡i| GKw`b †Mvc‡b wKQz cY¨ †m Ab¨Î miv‡Z Pvb Ges wegv †Kv¤úvwbi †Kv‡bv GK m`m¨ Zv †`‡L †d‡j| cieZ©x‡Z wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wb‡lavÁv Agvb¨ K‡i GKwU †emiKvwi ¯’vcb K‡i Ges wKQzw`b ciB fqven AwMœKv‡Û Zvi Mv‡g©Èm I †eKvwi f¯§xf~Z nq Ges wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wegv `vwe Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j Zvi `vwewU cÖZ¨vwLZ nq| (K) AwMœwegv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³? 1 (L) AwMœwegvq mwØk¦vm m¤úK© ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 (M) DÏxc‡Ki Kvi‡YB †h SzuwKwUi D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 3 (N) `vwe cÖZ¨vLv‡bi wm×v‡šÍi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Kv‡`i-2 jÂwU XvKv-ewikvj iæ‡U PjvPj K‡i| MZ eQi jÂwU ewikvj †_‡K XvKv wdiwQj| †divi c‡_ jÂwU cÖej N~wY©S‡o c‡o †gNbv b`x‡Z Wy‡e hvq| jÂwU‡Z cÖvq 200 Rb hvÎx wQj| Gi g‡a¨ 90 Rb hvÎx Wy‡e gviv

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hvq Ges 70 Rb AvnZ nq| j‡Âi gvwjK iwe hvÎx‡`i R‡b¨ wegv K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| d‡j wegv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZMÖ¯Í e¨w³‡`i‡K ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb K‡i| (K) c~Y© wegv Kx? 1 (L) km¨ wegv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 (M) DÏxc‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb KZ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb Ki‡e Zv wbY©q K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡Ki wegvcÎwUi ¸iæZ¡ g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 8| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. Avn‡g‡`i Rvgvjcy‡i GKwU Mv‡g©›Um Av‡Q| Mv‡g©›Um Gi g~j¨evb hš¿cvwZ Ges gvjvgvj AwMœRwbZ Kvi‡Y ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡j AdzišÍ ÿwZ n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wZwb GKwU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ G g‡g© Pzw³e× n‡q‡Qb †h, 50,000 UvKv wcÖwgqvg cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j 30 jvL UvKv ch©šÍ ÿwZc~iY Kiv n‡e| AwMœKv‡Û Mv‡g©›Um-Gi 25 jvL UvKvi hš¿cvwZ I gvjvgvj cy‡o hvq| (K) †evbvm Kx? 1 (L) AwMœRwbZ AcPq Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) e¨emv‡qi SzuwK Kgv‡Z wg. Avn‡g` †Kvb c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? eY©bv Ki| 3 (N) AwMœKv‡Ûi d‡j wg. Avn‡g` wegv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ UvKv ÿwZc~iY †c‡Z cv‡ib? e³‡e¨i †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 4 9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve Rwgi GKwU Mv‡g©›Um-Gi gvwjK| AwMœKvÛ msNwUZ n‡j g~j¨evb hš¿cvwZ Ges AvmevecÎ aŸsm¯Íy‡c cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Giƒc SzuwK Kgv‡Z wZwb GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Pzw³e× n‡q‡Qb| AwMœKv‡Û wg. Rwg‡ii mgMÖ Drcvw`Z cY¨ I hš¿cvwZ ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq Ges wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU `vwe †ck K‡ib| (K) g~j¨vwqZ wegvcÎ Kx? 1 (L) AwMœRwbZ AcPq Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) Rbve Rwgi ÿwZ-n«v‡m wKiƒc wegvcÎ MÖnY K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) DÏxc‡K wg. Rwgi M„nxZ wegvcÎ Øviv KZUzKz wegv`vex ÿwZc~iY wn‡m‡e †c‡Z cv‡ib? hyw³ `vI|4 10| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| wg. gÛj 1000 gY cvU 10 jÿ UvKvq µq K‡i D³ g~‡j¨ wegv K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z hvi evRvig~j¨ wQj 12 jÿ UvKv| Av¸‡b wKQz cvU cy‡o webó nq| ÿwZi cwigvY evRvi g~‡j¨ 6 jÿ UvKv wba©vwiZ nq| K. AvaywbK AwMœwegvi RbK †K? 1 L. AwMœwegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. wg. gÛj KZ UvKvi ÿwZc~iY cv‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 N. wg. gÛ‡ji AwMœwegv Kivi †hŠw³KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4

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Miscellaneous insurance

1| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: Kwig RyU wg‡j PvKwi K‡i myiæR wgqv| cv‡Ui Avuk wb:k¦v‡mi mv‡_ kix‡i cÖ‡ek Kivq GK ai‡bi †ivM nq| GRb¨ Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ G ai‡bi †iv‡M AÿgZv m„wó ev wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Q| kÖwgKivI gvwjK c‡ÿi G Kv‡R Lykx| GUv †`‡L eo IqvK©k‡ci gvwjK wg: †mvenvb Zvi kÖwgK‡`i `yN©UbvRwbZ g„Zy¨, c½yZ¡, RLg BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwbI AvB‡b gvwj‡Ki †h `vq ejv n‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb| K. km¨ wegv Kx? 1 L. Mevw` cï wegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 M. Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ myiæR wgqvi gZ kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki 3 N. wg: †mvenvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zvi bvg Kx? Gai‡bi wegv Zv‡K wbwðšÍ Kivi KviY g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. cÖvK…wZK I AcÖvK…wZK bvbvb wec‡` km¨nvwb n‡j Zvi ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K K…lK‡`i‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e myiÿvi Rb¨ †h wegvi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Zv‡K km¨ wegv e‡j| L. Mevw`cïi g„Zy¨RwbZ ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K wegv MÖnxZv‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿvi Rb¨ †h wegv e¨e¯’vi D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zv‡K Mevw`cï wegv e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î ˆbwZK SuzwKi gvÎv A‡bK †ekx _v‡K| d‡j wegv Kivi †ÿ‡Î wegv †Kv¤úvwb wegv MÖnxZvi mZZv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi †Póv K‡i| M. Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ myiæR wgqvi gZ kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv nj †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegv| wkí KviLvbvq KvR Kivi mgq cÖwµqvMZ Kvi‡YB †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Kg©x‡`i †ckvRwbZ †iv‡Mi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| AvB‡b Giƒc †ckvRwbZ †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Kg©x Aÿg n‡j Zvi `vq wb‡qvM KZ©vi Ici e‡Z©| GRb¨ wb‡qvMKZ©v †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegv MÖnY K‡i Giƒc `vq wegvKvixi Ici Ac©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| DwÏc‡Ki w`‡K `„wó w`‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h cv‡Ui Avuk wb:k¦v‡mi mv‡_ kix‡i c&ª‡ek Kivq GK ai‡bi †ivM nq| GRb¨ Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ kÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ G ai‡bi †iv‡M AÿgZv m„wó ev wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Q| welqwU †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegvi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| AZGe Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h Kwig RyU wgj KZ©„cÿ †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv nj †ckvMZ ÿwZc~iY wegv| N. wg: †mvenvb †h wegv K‡i‡Qb Zv nj wb‡qvMKvixi `vq wegv| wkí KviLvbvq Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubv ev wkímsµvšÍ †iv‡Mi Avµg‡Yi Øviv †Kv‡bv kÖwg‡Ki g„Z¨y n‡j ev RLgcÖvß n‡j Zvi ÿwZc~i‡Yi `vq AvBb Abyhvqx gvwj‡Ki Ici e‡Z©| gvwjK Giƒc ÿwZc~i‡Yi `vq †h wegvi gva¨‡g wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨¯Í K‡i Zv‡K wb‡qvMKvixi `vq wegv e‡j|


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DwÏc‡Ki wg: †mvenvb Zvi kÖwgK‡`i `yN©UbvRwbZ g„Z¨y, c½yZ¡, RLg BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ wegv K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z wZwbI AvB‡b gvwj‡Ki †h `vq ejv n‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡eb| G cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h GwU nj wb‡qvMKvixi `vq wegv| 2| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wg: gwjøK I wg: MIni `yÕRbB RvnvR e¨emvqx| wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR GKvwaK wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wegv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K wg: MIni Zvi RvnvR cwiwPZ wegv cÖwZôv‡b wegv K‡ib| hv H wegv †Kv¤úvwb Avevi mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b wegv K‡i _v‡K| ÿwZc~iY cvIqvi wel‡q `yR‡bB A‡bKUv wbwðZ _v‡Kb| K. ¯^v¯’¨wegv Kx? 1 L. km¨wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ? 2 M. wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR †hfv‡e wegv K‡ib Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegv e‡j e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegv e‡j? Giƒc wegv Kivi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4 DËi: K. Amy¯’ZvRwbZ Kvi‡Y wPwKrmv e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K ¯^v¯’¨wegv e‡j| L. cÖvK…wZK I AcÖvK…wZK bvbvb wec‡` km¨nvwb n‡j Zvi ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K K…lK‡`i‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e myiÿvi Rb¨ †h wegvi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Zv‡K km¨ wegv e‡j| cÖK…wZi Ici wbf©ikxjZv Avengvb Kvj †_‡K Pvlvev‡`i cÖavb ˆewkó¨| wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM; †hgb Lvivc AvenvIqv, eb¨v, Liv, wkjve„wó, wewfbœ †ivM I †cvKvgvK‡oi Dc`ªe Ges †mB mv‡_ gbyl¨ m„ó wec` ev AwbðqZvB n‡jv km¨ wegvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq| M. wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR †hfv‡e wegv K‡ib Zv‡K ˆØZ wegv e‡j| †Kv‡bv GKRb wegvMÖnxZv Zvi m¤úwËi SzuwK GKB mv‡_ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU wegv Ki‡j Zv‡K ˆØZ wegv e‡j| e„n`vqZb wk‡íi hš¿cvwZi wegv, wegvb wegv, RvnvR wegv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ ˆØZ wegvi AvkÖq †bqv n‡q _v‡K| DÏxc‡Ki wg: gwjøK Zvi RvnvR GKvwaK wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q wegv K‡ib| D³ Z_¨wU ˆØZ wegvi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| N. mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b †h wegv Kiv nq Zv‡K cybwe©gv e‡j| †Kv‡bv wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi M„nxZ SuywKi m¤ú~Y© ev Askwe‡kl Avevi bZzb †Kvb wegv Pzw³i gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡j Zv‡K c~Ywe©gv e‡j| Giƒc †ÿ‡Î wegvKvix I wegvMÖnxZv DfqB _v‡K wegv †Kv¤úvwb| DwÏc‡Ki wg: MIni Zvi RvnvR cwiwPZ wegv cÖwZôv‡b wegv K‡ib| hv H wegv †Kv¤úvwb Avevi mvaviY wegv K‡c©v‡ik‡b wegv K‡i _v‡K| G †_‡K †evSv hv‡”Q †h GwU GKwU cybwe©gv| 3| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki ci †`‡ki Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Mevw` cïi Dbœq‡b miKvi we‡kl cwiKíbv †bq| we‡`k †_‡K DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx Avg`vwb Kiv nq| †`wk Mvfx †hLv‡b 2 †_‡K 3 wjUvi `ya †`q †mLv‡b DbœZ Rv‡Zi GKUv Mvfx 15 †_‡K 25 wjUvi `ya †`qvq Zv gvbyl‡K `viæbfv‡e DØy× K‡i| mgxi wgqv GKRb Lvgvix| †mI 316


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Drmvnf‡i K‡qKUv Mvfx cvjb K‡i fv‡jvB DbœwZ K‡iwQj| Z‡e ARvbv GK †iv‡M K‡qKUv Mvfx gviv hvIqvq †m Drmvn nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q| Lvgvixiv Drmvnf‡i cïcvjb K‡i Pj‡jI GLbI GUv e¨vcK evwYwR¨K iƒc jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb wegv me‡P‡q cyi‡bv? 1 L. ˆØZ wegv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki K…lKiv †Kvb ai‡bi wegv Ki‡j DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mgxi wgqvi Mvfx gviv hvIqv wegvi `„wó‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi SzuwK? wegv K‡i mgxi wgqvi gZ Lvgvixiv Kx DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 DËi: K. evsjv‡`‡k WvK Rxeb wegv me‡P‡q cyi‡bv| L. †Kvb GKRb wegvMÖnxZv Zvi m¤úwËi SzuwK GKB mv‡_ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK wegv †Kv¤úwbi wbKU wegv Ki‡j Zv‡K ˆØZ wegv e‡j| e„n`vqZb wk‡íi hš¿cvwZ wegv, wegvb wegv, RvnvR wegv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ ˆØZ wegvi Avkªq †bqv n‡q _v‡K| M. DÏxc‡Ki K…lKiv Mevw` cï wegv Ki‡j DcK…Z n‡Z cvi‡e| Mevw`cïi g„Zz¨RwbZ ÿwZi nvZ †_‡K wegv MÖnxZv‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e iÿvi Rb¨ †h wegv e¨e¯’vi D™¢e N‡U‡Q Zv‡K Mevw`cï wegv e‡j| `y» wkí, gvsm Ges Pvgov wkí Mevw` cïi Dci wbf©ikxj| †m Kvi‡YB Gi g„Zz¨‡Z cvjbKvixi Avw_©K ÿwZc~i‡Yi Rb¨B Mevw` cï wegvi cÖPjb N‡U‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki mgxi wgqv GKRb Lvgvix| †m Drmvnf‡i K‡qKUv Mvfx cvjb KiwQj| wKš‘ ARvbv GK †iv‡M K‡qKUv Mvfx gviv hvIqvq †m Drmvn nvwi‡q †d‡j| GgZve¯’vq Lvgvi wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ Mevw` cï wegv Ki‡j †m DcK…Z n‡e| N. mgxi wgqvi Mvfx gviv hvIqv wegvi `„wó‡Z SzuwK| Mevw` cïi †ivMvµvšÍ nevi Ges gviv hvIqvi mnRvZ SzyuwKi bvg cÖvK…wZK SzuwK| G‡ÿ‡Î gvby‡li †Kvb nvZ †bB| DÏxc‡Ki mgxi wgqvi K‡qKUv Miæ ARvbv GK †iv‡M gviv hvq- hv cÖvK…wZK SzuwKi g‡a¨ c‡o| wegv K‡i mgxi wgqvi gZ Lvgvixiv A‡bK ai‡bi DcKvi †c‡Z cv‡i| †hgb Mevw` cï wegvi d‡j cïi g„Zz¨ n‡j ÿwZc~iY cv‡e| Mevw` cï Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j Zvi wPwKrmvi Rb¨I wPwKrmv LiP wegvi AvIZvfy³ n‡Z cv‡i| wegv cÖvK…wZK I AcÖvK…wZK `yN©Ubvq Mevw` cïi A½nvwb NU‡Z cv‡i| GB SzuwKI wegvi AšÍf©y³ n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wegvcÎ †`wL‡q mgxi wgqvi gZ Lvgvixiv cÖ‡qvRbxq FY myweavI †c‡Z cv‡i| 4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk gvbylB moK c‡_ P‡j| G moK c‡_ cÖwZw`b †h `yN©Ubv N‡U Zv‡Z cÖvY nvivq M‡o Kgc‡ÿ 10 Rb gvbyl| KZRb c½y nq, wPwKrmv wb‡Z †h‡q wbt¯^ nq Zv fve‡Z AevK jv‡M| KZ Mvwo webó nq, m¤ú` bó nq Zv AeY©bxq| wKš‘ G wb‡q †hb Kv‡ivB gv_ve¨v_v †bB| †gvUvi Mvwoi gvwjK wegv c‡i ÿwZc~iY cvq| wKšÍy †h hvÎx gviv hvq Zvi e¨e¯’v Kx? A_P †gvUi Mvwo wegvi AvIZvq G ai‡bi wegv Kiv m¤¢e wQj| K. cybwe©gv Kx? 1 L. WvK Rxeb wegv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 317


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M. moK c‡_ `yN©Ubvi SzuwK Gov‡Z DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wegvi cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx hvÎx‡`i Rb¨ †gvUi Mvwoi gvwjK †h wegv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi bvg Kx? G‡`‡k Gi Avek¨KZv g~j¨vqb K‡iv| 4 DËi: K. wegvKvix ev wegv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi M„nxZ SzuwKi Askwe‡kl cyb:Pzw³i gva¨‡g Ab¨ †Kvb wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici b¨¯Í Ki‡j Zv‡K cybe©xgv e‡j| L. †h Rxeb wegv Pzw³ WvKN‡ii gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z nq Ges hv‡Z wegvKvix wbw`©ó wcÖwgqv‡gi cÖwZ`v‡b wegv MÖnxZvi g„Zz¨‡Z Zvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡K A_ev †gqv` †k‡l Zv‡K Avw_©K myweav cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K WvK Rxeb wegv e‡j| ¯^í Av‡qi gvby‡li mÂq wbwðZKiY I Avq e„w× Z_v RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨B g~jZ WvK Rxeb wegvi cÖPjb nq| WvK e¨e¯’vi Aax‡b gvby‡li Rxeb‡K wegv Kivi †m e¨e¯’v Dcgnv‡`‡k `xN©Kvj Pvjy i‡q‡Q| M. moK c‡_ `yN©Ubvi SzuwK Gov‡Z DÏxc‡K †gvUiMvwo wegvi cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h wegv Pzw³ Øviv †gvUihv‡bi msNwUZ ÿwZ ev AcPq Ges AvBbMZfv‡e Ab¨ †jv‡Ki m¤ú‡`i ÿwZRwbZ `vq †gvKvwejv Kiv nq Zv‡K †gvUihvb wegv e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k AwaKvsk gvbyl moKc‡_ PjvPj K‡i e‡j Pvj‡Ki AmveavbZv, hvwš¿K ÎæwU msNl© ev `yN©Ubv RwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖwZwbqZ cÖPzi †gvUi Mvwo aŸsm, hvÎxi g„Zz¨ ev kvwiixK AÿgZv, m¤ú` I m¤úwËi e¨vcK ÿwZ nq| Gme ÿwZi Avw_©K mnvqZv cvevi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡jv †gvUihvb wegv| G cÖKvi wegvi gva¨‡g †gvUihv‡bi gva¨‡g m„ó †h †Kvb ÿwZi `vq wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Ici Ac©Y Kiv hvq| myZivs ejv hvq, moKc‡_i mvwe©K SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvi Ab¨Zg nvwZqvi †gvUihvb wegv| N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx hvÎx‡`i Rb¨ †gvUi Mvwoi gvwjK †h wegv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv n‡jv MY`vq wegv| †gvUihvb, †ijMvwo‡Z ev wegv‡b PjvP‡ji mgq Gi hvÎx‡`i †Kvbiƒc `yN©Ubvq ÿwZc~i‡Yi Rb¨ cwienY cÖwZôvb †h ai‡bi wegv e¨e¯’vi mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K MY`vq wegv e‡j| Avgv‡`i †`‡k MY`vq wegvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| KviY eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡k moK c‡_i Ae¯’v LyeB Lvivc| ch©vß cÖk¯Í moK G‡`‡k †bB| ZvQvov PvjKI A‡bK †ÿ‡Î †ec‡ivqvfv‡e Mvwo Pvjvq Avi G‡Z `yN©Ubv cÖwZwbqZB NU‡Q| †ijc‡_i Ae¯’vI AbybœZ| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq wmMb¨vj bv _vKvq `yN©Ubv NU‡Z †`Lv hvq| Gme `yN©Ubvq hvÎx‡`i ÿwZ ev g„Zz¨i nvZ n‡Z iÿvg~jK wn‡m‡e Avw_©K wbðqZv †`evi Rb¨ MY`vq wegv gyL¨ f~wgKv ivL‡Z mÿg| myZivs Avgv‡`i †`‡ki hvÎx‡`i †h †Kvb ai‡bi ÿwZ n‡Z Avw_©K cÖwZiÿvg~jK e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e MY`vq wegvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| 5| wg. AwbK cvj GKRb Lvgvix| Zvi Lvgv‡i 20wU Mevw`cï Av‡Q| AwbK cvj H Mevw` c︇jvi Rb¨ GKwU wegv K‡ib| MZeQi †Mv-go‡Ki Kvi‡Y Zvi Lvgv‡ii Mevw` c︇jv gviv hvq| wg. AwbK cvj wegv †Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q ÿwZc~iY PvB‡j, wegv †Kv¤úvwb welqe¯‘i wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©, PzovšÍ mwØk¦vm Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ ÿwZ n‡q‡Q weavq wegv `vwe cwi‡kva K‡i †`q| Z‡e g„Z cïi gvwjKvbv wb‡q wegvKvix I wegvMÖnxZvi g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q| 318


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Øv`k Aa¨vq: wewea wegv Abykxjbx m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

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4| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| `yN©Ubv KviI R‡b¨B Kvg¨ bq| Z_vwc `yN©Ubv w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| ZvB AvBbRxex iweDj fwel¨‡Z `yN©Ubv KewjZ n‡j nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmvi e¨qfvi en‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n‡Z GKwU cwjwm MÖnY K‡i| (K) Mevw` cï wegv Kx? 1 (L) ÔRxeb wegv Avw_©K wbðqZv wegvÕ-Dw³wU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegvwU‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨w³MZ `yN©Ubv wegv ejv hv‡e? 3 (N) AvBbRxex iweD‡ji wegv cwjwmi †ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqvi wKiƒc n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? 4 5| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ`vb c~e©K †Ubkb wd« †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ 10,000 UvKvi 30 eQi †gvw` GKwU wegv cwjwm MÖnY K‡ib| †gqv` †k‡l Rbve cjvk RxweZ _v‡Kb Ges Pzw³ Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZ eQi Zv‡K 20,000 UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i| (K) ißvwb †µwWU M¨vivw›U ¯‹xg Kx? 1 (L) ÔAwMœwegv ÿwZ c~i‡Yi Pzw³Õ-e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) Rbve cjvk cÖwZ eQi 5,000 UvKv cÖ`vb K‡ib †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3 (N) †Kv¤úvwbi 20,000 UvKv cÖ`vb Kx hyw³hy³? we‡kølY K‡iv| 4 6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| Rbve RvwKi †nv‡mb b¨vkbvj d¨vbm& wj. U½x-Gi †Rbv‡ij g¨v‡bRvi| `yB †Q‡j I ¯¿x wb‡q Zvi my‡Li msmvi| eo †Q‡j widvZ mßg I †QvU †Q‡j ivnvZ cÂg †kªwYi QvÎ| eQi `y‡qK c~‡e© wZwb ZvKvdzj Bmjvgx jvBd BbwmI‡iÝ †Kvs wj. †_‡K b¨vkbvj cwievi Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡`i c‡ÿ †Mvôx AÿgZv wegvcÎ msMÖn K‡ib| wZb gvm c~‡e© GK gg©vwšÍK moK `yN©Ubvq Zv‡K c½y nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡Z nq| MZ mßv‡n wZwb evmvq wd‡ib| (K) `yN©Ubv Kx? 1 (L) `yN©Ubv wegv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 (M) RvwKi mv‡n‡ei cwiev‡ii ÿwZc~i‡Y ZvKvdz‡ji KiYxq e¨vL¨v K‡i| 3 (N) `yN©Ubvq c½y n‡q RvwKi mv‡ne weQvbvq, ZvKvdz‡ji †Mvôx wegvq Zvi wKQzUv `vq Kgvq-we‡kølY Ki| 4 7| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| `yN©Ubv KviI R‡b¨B Kvg¨ bq| Z_vwc `yN©Ubv w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| ZvB AvBbRxex iweDj fwel¨‡Z `yN©Ubv KewjZ n‡j nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmvi e¨qfvi en‡bi R‡b¨ GKwU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n‡Z GKwU cwjwm MÖnY K‡i| (K) Mevw` cï wegv Kx? 1 (L) ÔRxeb wegv Avw_©K wbðqZv wegvÕ-Dw³wU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2 (M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ wegvwU‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨w³MZ `yN©Ubv wegv ejv hv‡e? 3 (N) AvBbRxex iweD‡ji wegv cwjwmi †ÿ‡Î wcÖwgqvi wKiƒc n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? 4 321


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322


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welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU 1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

6.

7.

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[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K. RbZv L. DËiv Rbve X a~gcvb Ki‡jI exgvc‡Î wZwb Zv N. †mvbvjx M. K…wl  †Mvcb K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb aygcvbRwbZ †Kvb exgv‡K wbðqZvi Pzw³ ejv nq? †iv‡M gviv hvb| K. Rxeb  L †bŠ 8. Rbve X exgvi †Kvb eZ¨q NUvq wegv `vwe M. AwMœ N. Mevw` cï cvIqv †_‡K ewÂZ nb? AvgvbZ MÖnY I wewb‡qvM Kvh© m¤úv`bKvix K. cÖZ¨ÿKiY L. P~ovšÍ mwØk¦vm  e¨vsK †KvbwU? M. ¯’jvwfwl³Zv N. wbw`©óZv K. MÖæc L. wgkª  9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK `vM KvUv †P‡Ki bgybv? M. †PBb N. GKK wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 4 − 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †mvbvjx e¨vsK †mvbvjx e¨vsK K. gwZwSj kvLv L. gwZwSj kvLv Rbve iZœv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K GKwU wnmve †L‡jb| cvwievwiK Kvi‡Y 40 nvRvi UvKv cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zvi RgvK…Z 1 jÿ UvKvB D‡Ëvjb †mvbvjx e¨vsK †mvbvjx e¨vsK gwZwSj kvLv  N. M. gwZwSj kvLv K‡ib| Gi d‡j wnmvewU eÜ n‡q hvq Ges wZwb wba©vwiZ my‡`i Kg nv‡i my` cvb| 10. g„Zz¨nvi cwćZ m¤¢ve¨ g„Z e¨w³i msL¨v wbY©q Kiv nq Rbve iZœv †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Ly‡jwQj? cÖwZ K. PjwZ L. mÂqx K. kZ‡K L. nvRv‡i  M. we‡kl N. ¯’vqx  Kx e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡j Zvi wnmvewU Pvjy M. jv‡L N. †KvwU‡Z _vK‡Zv? 11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgyw`ªK ÿwZ? K. AvUK L. iY‡cvZ i. wnmve bevqb Ki‡j  N. we‡ùviY M. M”Pv ii. wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY wb‡j 12. AwMœ exgv I Rxeb exgv Df‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨iii. 60 nvRvi UvKv ivL‡j i. wnmve bevqb Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY wb‡j K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii  iii. 60 nvRvi UvKv ivL‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. FY wbqš¿Y  L. AvgvbZ msMÖn K. i  L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. M. wewb‡qvM N. wej evÆvKiY 13. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z kveve Gi †`vKv‡bi evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n †Kvb bxwZ AbymiY K‡i Ici bymivZ exgv Ki‡Z AcviM? Zv‡`i wbKU bM` A_© Rgv iv‡L? K. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv L. ˆea D‡Ïk¨ K. mÂq msMÖn L. wbivcËv M. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© N. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_©  M. FY `vb N. Zvij¨ 


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 − 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve mygb B÷j¨vÛ I cÖMwZ BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU Zvi ¸`vg iwÿZ cv‡Ui R‡b¨ c„_K `ywU exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡ib| cÖMwZ BÝy¨‡iÝ Zvi M„nxZ exgvi welqe¯Íyi R‡b¨ wdwb· BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU exgv K‡i| ¸`v‡g Av¸b †j‡M 10 jÿ UvKvi ÿwZ nq| 14. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ cÖMwZ BÝy¨‡iÝ Gi exgvcÎwU †Kvb cÖK…wZi? K. cybt  L. †hŠ_ M. ˆØZ N. cY¨`vq 15. Rbve mygb B÷j¨vÛ BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ jÿ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cv‡eb? K. 5  L. 10 M. 25 N. 50 16. wewbgq nvi wba©vi‡bi µq ÿgZv mgZv Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? K. Aa¨vcK bvM©m L. G¨vWvg w¯§_ M. ¸÷vW© K¨v‡mj  N. †KqvY©µm 17. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ K‡ib †K? K. Avg`vwbKviK L. ißvwbKviK M. ißvwbKvi‡Ki e¨vsK N. Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki e¨vsK  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. X Zvi Rvnv‡Ri exgv K‡ib| RvnvRwU wbw`©ó c_ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ c‡_ Mgb Kivq MšÍe¨¯’‡j †cuŠQv‡Z wej¤^ nq| G‡Z cwievwnZ gvjvgvj ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| wKšÍy exgv †Kv¤úvwb `vwe c~i‡Y A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| 18. wg. X †Kvb exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb? L. g~j¨vwqZ K. hvÎv  M. fvmgvb N. Ae‡iva 19. eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj AvBbwU KZ mv‡ji? K. 1818 L. 1828 M. 1881  N. 1882 324

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iwdK mv‡ne Av‡gwiKv †_‡K wkí cY¨ Avg`vwb Ki‡Z B”QzK| wKšÍy ißvwbKviK c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv †c‡Z Pvq| 20. ißvwbKviK wK‡mi gva¨‡g c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv †c‡Z cv‡ib? K. ågYKvixi †PK L. åvg¨gvb †bvU M. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ N. cÖZ¨qcÎ  21. exgv Pzw³i AvBbMZ Dcv`vb †KvbwU? K. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© L. ˆea cÖwZ`vb  M. cÖZ¨ÿ KviY N. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY 22. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi cÖZ¨ÿ KviY †KvbwU? K. ÎæwURwbZ wbg©vY KvVv‡gv L. `vn¨ c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZ M. Ae‡njv I AeÁv  N. wbgœgv‡bi DcKiY e¨envi 23. Rbve mvBdzj exgv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cv‡eb? K. 20 nvRvi  L. 30 nvRvi M. 50 nvRvi N. 1 jÿ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24−25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: RvwKi Zvi cvIbv`vi Kwe‡ii bv‡g 5 jÿ UvKvi GKLvbv †PK cÖ`vb K‡ib| ˆea †PK nIqv m‡Ë¡I e¨vsK bM‡` UvKv cwi‡kv‡a AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| Z‡e e¨vsK wbw`©ó wbqg AbymiY K‡i Kwei‡K A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi civgk© †`b| 24. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi wQj? K. evnK L. ûKzg M. evwm N. `vMKvUv 25. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwUi A_© wg. Kwei Kxfv‡e msMÖn Ki‡eb? i. A‡b¨i wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g ii. cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g iii. RvwK‡ii wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii.


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ 26. wbKvk Ni cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K †Kvb e¨vsK? K. Bmjvgx e¨vsK L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK  M. †mvbvjx e¨vsK N. wkí e¨vsK 27. Rxeb exgvi †ÿ‡Î †evbvm n‡jv  i. exgvKvixi jv‡fi Ask ii. exgvMÖnxZv‡K cÖ‡`q jf¨vsk iii. Kg©Pvix‡`i‡K cÖ‡`q Drme fvZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii.  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: cÖwZwôZ e¨emvqx Rbve AiæY-Gi wnmv‡e 13 jÿ UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| wZwb 15 jÿ UvKvi GKLvbv †PK e¨vs‡K cvVv‡j e¨vsK h_vixwZ cwi‡kva K‡i| 28. Rbve AiæY-Gi FYwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. avi L. RgvwZwi³  M. bM` N. `vjvwjK 29. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wn‡m‡e †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewj n‡”Q  K. Ae‡jLb L. wbKvk Ni M. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq N. A_© ¯’vbvšÍi  30. evwYwR¨K `wjj FY †KvbwU? K. †c-AW©vi  L. åvg¨gvb †bvU M. ågYKvixi †PK N. ågYKvixi cÖZ¨q cÎ 31. †Kvb wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g mßvn hZevi B‡”Q UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq? K. mÂqx L. PjwZ  M. ¯’vqx N. we‡kl 32. KvMRx gy`ªv e¨e¯’vq wewbgq nvi wba©vwiZ nq  i. ¯^Y©gvb c×wZ‡Z ii. µq ÿgZvi mgZvi wfwˇZ iii. Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wfwˇZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. i I ii N. ii I iii. 325

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) 33. GKB welqe¯Íyi R‡b¨ GKvwaK exgvcÎ MÖnY Kiv †Kvb ai‡bi exgv? K. †hŠ_ L. ˆØZ  M. †Mvôx N. cybt  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 34−35 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iƒcvjx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b e¨vswKs Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b K‡i| D³ e¨vsK evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e Kzwgjøv A‡ji e¨vsK¸‡jvi AvšÍte¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË K‡i _v‡K| 34. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. ZvwjKvfyw³KiY  L. †emiKvwi M. we‡klvwqZ N. A-ZvwjKvfy³ 35. iƒcvjx e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡ wb‡Pi †Kvb KvRwU m¤úv`b Ki‡Q? K. ZvwjKvfy³  L. gy`ªvgvb msiÿY M. FY wbqš¿Y N. wbKvk Ni cwiPvjbv 36. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi cÖvPxbZg c×wZ †KvbwU? L. wewbgq wej K. ¯^Y© †cÖiY  M. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ N. WvK‡hv‡M 37. †Kvb exgvi mv‡_ PvU©vi cvwU© m¤úwK©Z? K. `yN©Ubv L. Rxeb M. †bŠ  N. AwMœ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 38bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve w`cy evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K Ggb GKwU wnmve Ly‡jb †hLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ wnmv‡ei Zzjbvq †ewk my` cvIqv hvq| 38. Rbve w`cy †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve Ly‡jwQ‡jb? K. PjwZ L. ¯’vqx  M. we‡kl N. mÂqx 39. e¨vsK AvgvbZKvix‡K Zvi †jb‡`b wjwce× Kivi R‡b¨ Kx mieivn K‡i? K. †PK eB L. Rgv iwk` M. D‡Ëvjb wPUv N. cvm eB  40. †Kvb e¨vsK FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i? K. MÖvgxY L. evwYwR¨K  M. mgevq N. †K›`ªxq


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, XvKv) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb †KvbwU? M. e¨vsK m‡e©v”P †h cwigvY A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i K. FY`vb Kiv L. FY wbqš¿Y N. †h my‡` †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K FY †`q M. AvgvbZ MÖnY  N. gybvdv AR©b 8. cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ eva¨Zvg~jK bq-wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î 2. Ôe¨vsK avi Kiv A‡_©i aviKÕ−G Dw³wU Kvi? K. mÂqx wnmve L. PjwZ wnmve  K. GWvg w¯§_ L. †Kqvb©µg  M. ˆe‡`wkK gy ` v ª wnmve N. wW‡cvwRU †cbkb M. Avi.Gg. †mqvm© N. Aa¨vcK µvD_vi w¯‹g 3. †P‡Ki e¯ÍyMZ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i  9. gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv hv‡e †hfv‡e  K. Av‡`óv  L. Avw`ó i. e¨vs‡Ki kvLv evwo‡q M. e¨vsK N. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK ii. Rgvi nvi evwo‡q 4. exgv Pzw³i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨  iii. gy`ªv mieivn evwo‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. ÿwZc~iY K. i L. ii  M. i I ii N. ii I iii. ii. ¯’jvwfwl³ KiY 10. †KvbwU `vq exgv? iii. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© K. km¨ exgv L. `yN©Ubv exgv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M. Kg©Pvix exgv  N. Mevw`cï exgv K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  11. exgv MÖnxZv KZ©„K cwi‡kvwaZ wcÖwgqv‡gi †h Ask 5. `yRb exgvKvixi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z nq †h exgv  exgvcÎ †diZ`v‡bi mgq exgv MÖnxZv‡K cwi‡kva K. †Mvôx exgv L. ˆØZ exgv Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq| M. †hŠ_ exgv N. cybt exgv  K. †evbvm L. m¤ú~Y© g~j¨  M. ZvrÿwYK e„wË N. e„wË 6. FY wbqš¿‡Y me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki †KŠkj n‡jv  K. e¨vs‡Ki nvi cwieZ©b  L. Rgvi nvi 12. mvaviY exgvi g~j welq n‡jv  cwieZ©b K. m¤úwË  L. Rxeb I m¤úwË M. F‡Yi eivÏKiY N. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ M. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© N. gvby‡li Rxeb 7. wewae× Zvij¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 13. cÖZ¨qcÎ Kvi R‡b¨ RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? K. e¨vsK KZ©„K †h cwigvY AvgvbZ Zij m¤ú` K. e¨vs‡Ki L. Avgv`vbKvixi  AvKv‡i ivL‡Z nq M. AvgvbZKvixi N. ißvwbKvixi L. Avgvb‡Zi †h nvi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K Rgv ivL‡Z nq  326


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ 14. GKwU m¤úwËi g~j¨ 10,00000 UvKv exgv cwjwm‡Z †`Lv‡bv n‡jv 6,00,000 UvKv, ÿwZ n‡jv 4,00,000 UvKv| ÿwZc~iY KZ UvKv n‡e? K. 2,00,000 UvKv L. 2,60,000 UvKv M. 4,00,000 UvKv  N. 6,00,000 UvKv 15. †KvbwU exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡_©i g~j Dcv`vb? K. exgv MÖnxZvi ¯^v_©  L. Avw_©K ¯^v_© M. welqe¯Íy ¯^v_© N. cvewjK ¯^v_© 16. e¨vsK Znwej Gi cÖv_wgK e¨envi n‡”Q  K. jf¨vsk cÖ`vb L. wej evÆvKiY M. ¯’vqx m¤úwË µq N. FY `vb  17. GKwU ˆea †P‡Ki †gqv` K. 1 eQi L. 6 gvm  M. 3 gvm N. 2 gvm  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18−19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve †mv‡nj Avn‡g` 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ 2 jÿ UvKvi GKwU exgvPzw³ K‡i| wZwb wKw¯Í wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kv‡ai ci wZwb nVvr evm `~N©Ubvq gviv hvb| cieZ©x‡Z Zuvi ¯¿x exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU exgv`vwe Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| 18. Rbve †mv‡nj Avn‡g‡`i exgv cÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. †hŠ_ exgv L. AvRxeb exgv N. weï× †gqvw` exgv M. †gqv`x exgv  19. †mv‡nj Avn‡g‡`i ¯¿xi `vwei †cÖwÿ‡Z exgv †Kv¤úvwbi KiYxq Kx? K. jvfmn exgvK…Z A_© cwi‡kva  L. exgv `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vbKiY M. cÖ`Ë wcÖwgqv‡gi AvbycvwZK nvi cwi‡kva N. exgvK…Z A_© cwi‡kva 20. MÖæc e¨vswKs e¨e¯’vq e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ Kvi wbKU b¨¯Í _v‡K? K. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki L. †nvwìs †Kv¤úvwbi  327

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) M. miKv‡ii N. mvewmwWqvix e¨vs‡Ki 21. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi e¨emvqx ejv nq Gi KviY n‡jv  i. c‡ii A‡_© e¨emvq K‡i ii. Avgvb‡Zi †ewki fvMB PvwnevgvÎ cwi‡kva¨ iii. Avw_©K mvg_©¨ mxwgZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii  N. i, ii I iii. 22. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq wbqš¿‡Yi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? K. †jb‡`‡bi fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv L. wewbgq nvi w¯’wZkxj ivLv  M. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi AcPq †iva N. Avg`vwb n«vm I ißvwb e„w× 23. cÖZ¨qcÎ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, Gi KviY n‡jv  i. cY¨ Avg`vwbi my‡hvM ii. g~j¨ cÖvwßi wbðqZv iii. AwMÖg A_© cÖvwß my‡hvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii  N. i, ii I iii. 24. †Kv‡bv †`k †_‡K †`kxq gy`ªv hw` A‰eafv‡e we‡`‡k cvPvi Kiv nq Zvn‡j wewbgq nv‡ii Ici Kx ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o? i. AbyK~j nq ii. cÖwZK~j nq iii. w¯’i _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 25. †h RvgvbZ mnR weµq‡hvM¨ Zv n‡jv  i. †kqvi mvwU©wd‡KU ii. e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ mb` iii. FYcÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii.


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 26 −27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: w`bvRcy‡ii Rbve BKevj Avn‡g` Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci 15 jÿ UvKv †c‡q e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| †Q‡ji XvKvi GKwU ¯^bvgab¨ †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© eve` 30 nvRvi UvKv `ªæZ I wbivc‡` cvVv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| 26. Rbve BKevj Avn‡g` e¨vs‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve cwiPvjbv K‡ib? K. mÂqx L. ¯’vqx  M. PjwZ N. †cŠbtcywbK 27. †Q‡j‡K UvKv cvVv‡bvi R‡b¨ Rbve BKevj Avn‡g` †Kvb gva¨gwU hyw³hy³ g‡b K‡ib? K. evnK †PK L. `vMKvUv †PK N. gvwb AW©vi M. wWgvÛ WªvdU  28. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K Kx ejv hvq? K. gy`ªv wbqš¿K I AvgvbZKvix L. gy`ªv cÖeZ©K I AvgvbZKvix M. gy`ªv wbqš¿K I FY wbqš¿YKvix N. A‡_©i aviK I F‡Yi e¨emvqx  29. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †bŠ exgvi `yN©Ubv I ÿwZi c~Y© weeiY †`qv n‡q _v‡K? K. cÖwZev` cÎ L. Pvjvb M. enb cÎ N. ¯’jvwfwl³ cÎ  30. eR©b †bvwUk wb‡Pi †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡q _v‡K? K. AvswkK ÿwZ L. cÖK…Z mvgwMÖK ÿwZ M. m¨vj‡fR Pv‡R©R N. D×vi‡hvM¨ mvgwMÖK ÿwZ  31. †hme e¨emvqxi gRy` c‡Y¨i cwigvY mywbw`©ó Zv‡K bv cÖvqB n«vm e„w× N‡U Zv‡`i R‡b¨ Dc‡hvMx n‡jv  K. †NvlYvhy³ exgvcÎ L. DØ„Ë exgv cÎ 

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) M. fvmgvb exgv cÎ N. MocoZv bxwZ 32. wb‡gœv³ †Kvb exgvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î exgvMÖnxZv wb‡R exgv `vwe †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? i. mvgwqK ii. AvRxeb iii. †gqvw` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii  M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii. 33. e¨vsK †bvU cÖPjb K‡i †K? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK  M. miKvi N. A_© gš¿Yvjq 34. wbKvk N‡ii cÖavb KvR n‡jv  K. FY wbqš¿Y L. e¨vs‡Ki weev` wb®úwË M. †bvU Bmy¨ N. AvšÍte¨vsK †jb‡`b wb®úwË 35. †Kvb RvZxq †evbvm †Kv¤úvwbi jvf-ÿwZi Ici †gv‡UB wbf©ikxj bq? K. bM` †evbvm L. wejw¤^Z †evbvm M. cÖwZkÖæwZ †evbvm N. evÆvK…Z †evbvm 36. eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k bM` Rgvi nvi KZ? K. 6%  L. 6.5% M. 18.5% N. 19.5% 37. me‡P‡q cyivZb exgv n‡”Q  K. Rxeb exgv L. AwMœ exgv M. kl¨ exgv N. †bŠ exgv  38. AvaywbK †bŠ exgvi RbK n‡”Q  K. wb‡Kvjvm avieb L. GWIqvW© j‡qW  M. Rb eø¨vK N. Gg.Gm. wgkª 39. wb‡gœi †Kvb Pzw³ exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _vKv Avek¨K bq? K. `yN©Ubv exgv L. †bŠ exgv M. evwR Pzw³  N. AwMœ exgv 40. AwMœ exgvi †ÿ‡Î ÿwZc~i‡Yi Ø›Ø Gov‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ Bmy¨ Kiv nq? K. mgš^q‡hvM¨ exgvcÎ  L. mvwe©K exgv cÎ

328


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ M. evowZ exgv cÎ N. cybt¯’vcb exgvcÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (bUi‡Wg K‡jR, XvKv) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. A_© evRv‡ii wkigwY ejv nq Kv‡K? K. A_© ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii KvR  L. †mev mieivn KvR K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK M. DbœZ cÖhyw³i KvR N. civg‡k©i KvR 9. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv wewfbœ cvewjK †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi M. wkí e¨vsK N. †nvwìs e¨vsK µq-weµq K‡i _v‡K| G KvR‡K Kx ejv nq? 2. †h cÖZ¨qc‡Îi Aax‡b e¨vsK ißvwbKviK gvj K. †Kbv-†ePv L. Ae‡jLb  RvnvRxKi‡Yi LiP, exgv, ïé I enb LiP AwMÖg cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? M. Ae‡jLK N. eû‡jLb K. meyR `dv AwMÖg cÖZ¨q 10. AevwYwR¨K `wjjx FY †KvbwU? L. jvj `dv AwMÖg cÖZ¨qcÎ  K. cÖZ¨qcÎ L. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ M. †c-AW©vi N. ågYKvixi †PK  M. AwMÖg cÖZ¨qcÎ N. cÖv‡šÍ wjwLZ cÖZ¨qcÎ 3. †KvbwU cÖ_g mb`cÖvß miKvwi e¨vsK? 11. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb cvi¯úwiK K. e¨vsK Ae †R‡bvqv L. e¨vsK Ae Avg÷vW©vg cÖwZwµqvq ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wewbg‡qi †h nvi wba©vwiZ M. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ N. wiKm& e¨vsK Ae nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? myB‡Wb  K. fvimvg¨ wewbgq nvi L. Pvwn`v †hvMvb nvi  4. wewbgq nv‡ii †Kvb ZË¡wU My¯Ívf K¨v‡mj w`‡q‡Qb? M. evRvi wewbgq nvi N. Pjgvb wewbgq nvi K. µq ÿgZvi mgZv ZË¡ 12. fvi‡Zi 1 iƒcx †h cwigvY ¯^‡Y©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i L. miKvix wewbgq nvi ZË¡ evsjv‡`‡ki 3 UvKv hw` †m cwigvY ¯^‡Y©i M. ¯^Y©gvb c×wZi ZË¡ cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Z‡e evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi wewbgq N. Pvwn`v †hvMvb mgZv ZË¡  nvi n‡e  5. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb e¨vsK me©cÖ_g GwUGg KvW© Pvjy N. 3:1 K. 1:2 L. 1 : 3  M. 2:3 K‡i? 13. wewnZ gy`ªv n«vm †c‡j Kx nq? K. Av‡gwiKvb G·‡cÖm L. GBPGmwewm K. gy`ªvùxwZ nq L. gy`ªvms‡KvPb nq M. ÷¨vÛvW© PvUv©W©  N. wmwU e¨vsK Gb.G  6. 10 UvKvi †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i †K? M. wRwbmc‡Îi `vg ev‡o N. †eKvi mgm¨v jvNe nq K. ivóªcwZ L. cÖavbgš¿x 14. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K Rgvi nvi e„w×i djvdj Kx M. MfY©i  N. A_©mwPe n‡Z cv‡i? 7. GKK e¨vs‡Ki cÖe³v †K? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡Z Kg cwigv‡Y A_© †K›`ªxq K. jÛb L. BZvwj M. hy³ivóª  N. Rvg©vwb e¨vs‡K hv‡e 8. e¨vsK WªvdU, †c-AW©vi, †PK, ågYKvixi †PK BZ¨vw` L. G‡Z evRv‡i my‡`i nvi Kg‡e Bmy¨ Ges Ab-jvBb e¨vswKs myweav Pvjy K‡i evwYwR¨K M. G‡Z evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv e„w× cv‡e e¨vsK †Kvb& KvR m¤úv`b K‡i? N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡Z †ewk cwigvY A_© †K›`ªxq 329


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ e¨vs‡K hv‡e  15. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ZvwjKvfy³ bv nIqvq †Kv‡bv e¨vsK †h mgm¨v co‡Z cv‡i, Zv n‡jv  i. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY myweav cvq bv ii. wbKvk N‡ii myweav cvq bv iii.RbM‡Yi Av¯’v nvivq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  16. Bankrupt kãwU G‡m‡Q  i. Bancoruptus n‡Z ii. Bancaruptus n‡Z iii. Bankroute n‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 17. †h Ae¯’vq †`‡ki wewbgq nvi †`‡ki cÖwZK~‡j P‡j hvq, Zv n‡jv  i. †`‡k g~ja‡bi AvMgb NU‡j ii. †`‡k we‡`wk gy`ªvi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j iii. AvKw¯§Kfv‡e cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †`Lv w`‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii  18. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K FY wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvi. gy`ªvùxwZ †iva Kiv ii. A_‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLv iii. A‡_©i wbivc` msiÿY Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i  L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii. 19. evnK †P‡Ki ˆewkó¨ n‡jv i. GwU ïaygvÎ Ac©‡Yi Øviv n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ ii. G †P‡K †K A_ev evnK‡K †jLv _v‡K iii. G †PK‡K `vMKvUv †P‡K cwiYZ Kiv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  20. e¨vsK RvgvbZ MÖn‡Y †h mKj welq we‡ePbv K‡i Zv n‡jvi. Avw_©K mvg_© ii. e¨w³i mybvg iii. m¤úwËi g~j¨

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 21−22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wKQzw`b hver FY wbqš¿Y mgm¨vq AvewZ©Z| e¨vsK nvi evov‡bvi ciI A‡bK e¨vs‡Ki Dci Gi cÖfve co‡Q bv| Avek¨Kxq bM` Rgv evwo‡qI Kvh©Ki djvdj cvIqv hv‡”Q bv| nv‡Z †Mvbv K‡qKwU e¨vs‡Ki Amn‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vsK G mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q| 21. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx e¨vsK nvi evwo‡qI †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cvi‡Qbv, KviYi. ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK¸‡jvi Avw_©K wiRv‡f©i cwigvY fv‡jv ii. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kv‡Q h‡_ó eÛ, wej I wmwKDwiwUR †bB iii. g~jab evRv‡i †kqvi I FYc‡Îi msL¨v Kg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 22. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z K‡qKwU e¨vsK †h Amn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Q GRb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K kvw¯Íg~jK e¨e¯’v n‡Z cv‡i i. wbKvkN‡ii myweav evwZj ii. FY myweav cÖZ¨vnvi iii. AwZwi³ wiRvf© msMÖ‡ni wb‡`©k wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 23−24bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. Pqb GKRb Avg`vwbKviK I we‡µZv| e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Zvi e¨vcK †jb‡`b| Zv‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi FY w`‡Z †c‡i e¨vsK Lywk| 23. wg. Pq‡bi e¨emvq cwiPvjbvq †Kvb ai‡bi FY ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? K. avi L. bM` FY M. RgvwZwi³ FY  N. ga¨‡gqvw` FY 24. wg. Pq‡bi mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z †h‡q e¨vsK Lykx, KviYi. Zvi †_‡K e¨vsK cÖPzi Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i ii. Zvi †jb‡`b fv‡jv nIqvq SzuwK Kg iii.Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv Kivq †`k Avg`vwb-evwYR¨ ev‡o wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 25−26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 330


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ cv‡Ui e¨emvqx KvRj cv‡Ui ¸`vg exgv K‡iwQj| cv‡Ui cwigvY mwVKfv‡e D‡jøL bv Kivq exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi exgv Pzw³ evwZj K‡i‡Q|

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) †Kv‡bv ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb K‡iwb| 32. †bŠexgvi Ae¨³ kZ© †KvbwU? K. iÿxeni mv‡_ ivLv L. exgvK…Z m¤ú‡`i †eaZv M. mgy`ªhvÎvi ZvwiL N. hvÎvi ˆeaZv  33. exgvKvix †Kv‡bv ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb K‡iwb †Kb? K. cÖZ¨ÿ Kvi‡Y ÿwZ bv nIqvq L. Z_¨ †Mvcb Kivi Kvi‡Y M. RvnvRwU AvswkK ÿwZ nIqvq N. Pzw³i kZ© f½ Kivi Kvi‡Y 34. exgvPzw³ mvaviYZ  i. †gŠwLK nq ii. wjwLZ nq iii. ˆea D‡Ï‡k¨ nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. ii I iii  35. ÔevwR Pzw³Õ Pzw³ bq †Kb? K. GwU‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖwZ`vb †bB  L. Gi †Kv‡bv ˆeÁvwbK wfwË †bB M. A‰ea I Rb¯^v_© we‡ivax N. mvgvwRK MÖnY‡hvM¨ †bB 36. 1818 mv‡j KjKvZvq cÖwZwôZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g exgv cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Kx? K. The Oriental Assurance Co. L. The Oriental Insurance Co. M. The Oriental Life Assurance Co. N. The Oriental Life Insurance Co.   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 37 − 38bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mvwb cÖwZw`b gUi mvB‡K‡j K‡i wek¦we`¨vj‡q hvq| wbZ¨‰bwgwZ¨K `yN©Ubvi K_v ï‡bI Rxebexgv Kivi welqwU †m GLbI fv‡ewb| exgv cÖwZwbwa Zv‡K ejj, Rxebexgv bv Ki‡jI Gi weKí exgvI †m Ki‡Z cv‡i| 37. exgvq †Kvb wel‡qi exgv‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q? K. Mevw` cï L. Rxeb M. hvbevnb N. †PŠh© 38. iwbi exgvc‡Î †h mKj SzuwK AšÍfy©³ i‡q‡Q, Zv n‡jvi. g„Zz¨ ii. AÿgZv iii. wPwKrmv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  39. MÖæc exgv aviYvwUi cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿÎ n‡”Q  K. Rxebexgv L. †bŠ exgv

25. KvRj †Kvb ai‡bi exgv K‡i‡Q? K. `vq L. †bŠ M. `yN©Ubv N. AwMœ  26. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †Kvb bxwZ f‡½i Kvi‡Y exgvPzw³ evwZj n‡q‡Q? K. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© L. cÖZ¨ÿ KviY M. c‡ivÿ KviY N. wek¦¯ÍZvi bxwZ  27. mKj ai‡bi exgv Pzw³ Kivi †cQ‡b exgvMÖnxZvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv i. m‡qi myweav jvf ii. Avw_©K wbivcËv jvf iii. gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍ AR©b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 28. Kgc‡ÿ KZ eQi DËxY© bv n‡j mgc©Y g~j¨ cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv? K. 1 eQi L. 2 eQi  M. 3 eQi N. 4 eQi 29. exgvK…Z g~j¨ 1,75,000 UvKv AwMœ `yN©Ubvq ÿwZMÖ¯Í m¤úwËi cÖK…Z g~j¨ 3,50,000 UvKv| cÖK…Z ÿwZi cwigvY 1,10,000 UvKv| MocoZv cwi‡kva `vwei cwigvY KZ n‡e? K. 50,000 UvKv L. 1,50,000 UvKv M. 55,000 UvKv  N. 75,000 UvKv 30. wb‡Pi †KvbwU WvK Rxebexgvi myweav? K. wKw¯Íi nvi Kg  L. †evbvm †ewk M. gy`ªvùxwZ †iva K‡i N. gybvdv †ewk 31. hLb †Kv‡bv exgv MÖnxZv GKB welqe¯Íyi Rb¨ GKB mgq GKvwaK exgvKvix ev exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Avjv`v Avjv`v Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K. hyM¥ exgv L. ˆØZ exgv M. cybe©xgv N. MY`vq exgv  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 32 − 33bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: gvneye 90 jvL UvKv g~‡j¨i GKwU Rvnv‡Ri gvwjK †hwU exgvK…Z wQj| Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL wQj S‡o Rvnv‡Ri †Kv‡bv ÿwZ n‡j exgvKvix Zv c~iY Ki‡e| cieZ©x‡Z RvnvRwU P‡i AvU‡K hvIqvq Rvnv‡Ri me cY¨ bó n‡q hvq| wKšÍy exgvKvix

331


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ M. AwMœexgv N. km¨ exgv 40. wb‡Pi †Kvb c×wZi exgvi exgv MÖnxZv I exgvKvwi DfqB exgv †Kv¤úvwb?

K. mnexgv M. hyM¥exgv

332

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) L. cybtexgv  N. †Mvôx exgv


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (wmwU K‡jR, XvKv) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 8. †Kvb exgv‡K wbðqZvi exgv e‡j? 1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvaywbK e¨vs‡Ki c~e©m~ix ewnf~©Z? K. e¨emvq †Mvôx L. ewYK msN K. Rxeb L. †bŠ M. m¤úwË N. km¨ M. gnvRb †kªwY N. ¯^Y©Kvi 9. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi me©vaywbK c×wZ †KvbwU? 2. Rxeb exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zvi AwR©Z gybvdvi †h Ask K. myBdU  L. WvK‡hv‡M A_© †cÖiY exgv MÖnxZv‡`i g‡a¨ AwZwi³ cvIbv wn‡m‡e M. Zvi‡hv‡M A_© †cÖiY N. AvšÍR©vwZK gvwb AW©vi eÈb K‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 10. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Znwe‡ji g~j Drm †KvbwU? K. evwl©K e„wË L. †evbvm M. Aemi e„wË N. gybvdv K. cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab L. RbM‡Yi AvgvbZ  3. †Kvb e¨vsK‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Rbbx ejv nq? M. mwÂwZ Znwej N. FYK…Z Znwej K. myBm b¨vkbvj e¨vsK L. e¨vsK Ae †fwbk  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 11−12bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ N. †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷g Rbve Rvwgj `xN©w`b GKUv evmvq fvov _v‡Kb| 4. wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤úwË exgv ewnf~©Z? wZwb wbR bv‡g febwUi exgv Ki‡Z PvB‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡Z AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| K. Kg©Pvix exgv  L. Mevw` cï exgv 11. Rbve Rvwgj †Kvb ai‡bi exgv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj? M. km¨ exgv N. hvbevnb exgv K. AwMœ L. Rxeb M. m¤úwË  N. †PŠh© 5. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY AvgvbZ m„wó cÖwµqvq 12. exgv †Kv¤úvwb KZ©„K exgv cÖ¯ÍvewU cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi wb‡Pi †KvbwU AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? KviY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? K. bM` Rgv mwÂwZ L. wewae× Zvij¨ mwÂwZ K. SzuwKi AvwaK¨ L. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡_©i Afve  M. mvaviY mwÂwZ N. we‡kl mwÂwZ M. wbw`©óZvi Afve N. mwØk¦v‡mi Afve 6. †h‡Kv‡bv exgv cwjwm MÖn‡Y exgvMÖnxZvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv13. †Kvb e¨vs‡K, †bZvi g‡Zv †`‡ki e¨vswKs ivRZ¡ kvmb K‡i? K. wek¦ e¨vsK L. AvšÍR©vwZK A_© Znwej i. m‡qi myweav AR©b ii. Avw_©K wbivcËv jvf M. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK  N. Gwkqvb Dbœqb e¨vsK iii. gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍ AR©b 14. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi e¨emvqx n‡jI wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? gv‡S-g‡a¨ `xN©‡gqvw` FY †`q, hLb  K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  i. ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi Sv‡gjv Gov‡Z Pvq 7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡klfv‡e `vMKvUv †P‡Ki bgybv? ii. h‡_ó cwigv‡Y `xN©‡gqvw` AvgvbZ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i iii.h‡_ó cwigv‡Y Ajm UvKv Rgv _v‡K K. L. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii. M. N.  333


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ 15. wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Rxeb exgvi †ÿ‡Î Dchy³ nq bv? K. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© L. P~ovšÍ mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© M. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY  N. Avw_©K wbðqZv 16. wg. KvBq~‡gi M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ †Kvb F‡Yi mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? K. e¨emvq FY L. bM` FY M. eÜwK FY N. RgvwZwi³ FY  17. G FY MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g e„w× cv‡e  i. cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg ii. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb iii.wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 18. †Kvb ai‡bi †P‡K cÖvc‡Ki bvg bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y †PK cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq? K. `vMKvUv †PK  L. duvKv †PK M. evnK †PK N. ûKzg †PK 19. µq ÿgZvi mgZv Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? K. AviGm †mevm© L. Avi.wc. †K›U M. I÷vf K¨v‡mj  N. †KqvY©µm 20. exgvKvix KZ©„K A‡b¨i SzuwK MÖn‡Yi wewbg‡q g~j¨‡K Kx e‡j? K. e„wË L. wcÖwgqvg  M. gybvdv N. †evbvm 21. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi wbe©vPbg~jK c×wZ †KvbwU? K. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ L. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ M. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ N. F‡Yi nvi eivÏKiY bxwZ  22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †bŠ wec` ewnf~©Z? K. mvgyw`ªK So L. cY¨ wb‡ÿc M. ÎæwUc~Y© wbg©vY  N. Rj`my¨Zv 23. evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q eo evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †KvbwU? K. †mvbvjx e¨vsK  L. RbZv e¨vsK

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) M. c~e©vjx e¨vsK N. Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wj. 24. evsjv‡`k †_‡K we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi Dcvq n‡jvi. †µwWU Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g ii. cÖZ¨q c‡Îi gva¨‡g iii. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq we‡ji gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 25. GKRb PvKwiRxexi Rb¨ mÂqx wnmve DËg †Kb? K. ¯^ínv‡i my` cvIqv hvq e‡j  L. e¨vsK PvR© KZ©b Kiv nq bv e‡j M. FY myweav cvIqv hvq e‡j N. w`‡b hZevi Lywk UvKv IVv‡bv hvq e‡j 26. Rxeb exgvq eqm cÖgv‡Yi mb` †KvbwU? i. wkÿv mb`cÎ ii. cvm‡cv‡U©i Kwc iii. PvwiwÎK mb` wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 27. AMÖxg gÄyiKv‡j e¨vsK AwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q †Kvb welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i? K. MÖvn‡Ki PwiÎ L. MÖvn‡Ki ÿgZv M. F‡Yi wbivcËv  N. F‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ 28. km¨ exgvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU A_©‰bwZK SzuwKi AšÍfy©³? K. Abve„wó L.AwMœ ms‡hvM M. g~j¨n«vm N. Pzwi  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 29−30 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: AvRKvj gvbyl miKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK ev` w`‡q †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki w`‡K QzU‡Q| miKvi welqwU Dw؇Mœi mv‡_ jÿ¨ Ki‡Q Ges G Ae¯’vi D‡ËviY NUv‡Z Pv‡”Q| 29. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv g‡Z gvbyl †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvi‡Y †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki w`‡K QzU‡Q? K. †emiKvwi e¨vsK cÖ`Ë †mevi gvb DbœZ  L. †emiKvwi e¨vsK¸‡jv Avw_©Kfv‡e ¯^”Qj M. miKvwi e¨vs‡K e¨vsK PvR© †ewk

334


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ N. miKvwi e¨vs‡K Rgvi my` Kg I F‡Yi my` †ewk

M. ¯^v¯’¨nvwb

30. miKv‡ii DwØMœZv `~i Ki‡Z PvB‡j miKvwi e¨vsK¸‡jvi KiYxq n‡jv  i. e¨e¯’vcbv `ÿZv evov‡Z n‡e ii. MÖvnK †mevi gvb DbœZ Ki‡Z n‡e iii. FY `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î D`vibxwZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 31. ˆbwZK SzuwKi cwigvY n«v‡mi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi AwMœexgv DËg? K. wbw`©ó L. MocoZv  M. fvmgvb N. evowZ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 32−33bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: gwR` mv‡ne GKRb PvKixRxex| wZwb e¨vs‡K GKwU wnmve Ly‡j cÖwZ gv‡m 2000 UvKv Rgv †`b| Gfv‡e cuvP eQi Rgv †`Iqvi ci wZwb Zvi mgy`q UvKv jvfmn †diZ cv‡eb| Z‡e cuvP eQ‡ii Av‡M wZwb †Kv‡bv UvKv Zzj‡Z cvi‡eb bv| 32. gwR` mv‡n‡ei G ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjvi D‡Ïk¨? K. m‡qi my‡hvM jvf  L. AwaK Av‡qi my‡hvM jvf M. Rgvi wecix‡Z FY jvf N. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs myweav jvf 33. gwR` mv‡n‡ei G ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjvi D‡Ïk¨? K. m‡qi my‡hvM jvf L. AwaK Av‡qi my‡hvM jvf  M. Rgvi wecix‡Z FY jvf N. Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs myweav jvf 34. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgvwRK exgvi welqe¯Íy ewnf~©Z? K. ev‡qve„×Zv L. †eKviZ¡

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) N. AwMœKvÛ 

35. gÄy GKRb Avg`vwbKviK| Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡Yi FY AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨? K. avi L. bM` FY  M. RgvwZwi³ FY N. eÜKx FY 36. avi I bM` F‡Yi g‡a¨ wg‡ji †ÿθ‡jv n‡jvi. DfqB e¨vsK AvMv‡gi AšÍfy©³ ii. Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB Rvgvb‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o iii. DfqB evwYwR¨K FY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 37. cybe©xgv Kvi SzuwK n«vm K‡i? K. exgvKvixi  L. exgvMÖnxZvi M. miKv‡ii N. exgvi welqe¯Íyi 38. e¨vs‡K Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j bx‡Pi †KvbwUi e¨envi AwaK cwigv‡Y n«vm †c‡q‡Q? K. Rgv iwm` eB L. †PK eB M. cvm eB  N. wnmve weeiYx 39. †Kvb GKK welqe¯Íy GKvwaK exgv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU exgv Kiv n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K. ˆØZ exgv  L. cybe©xgv M. MÖæc exgv N. hyM¥ exgv 40. †bŠ exgvq e¨³ k‡Z©i g‡a¨ c‡o  i. mgy`ª hvÎvi ZvwiL ii. hvÎvi ˆeaZv iii. exgvK…Z m¤ú‡`i ˆeaZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iiiM. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii.

335


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. cvK-fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ evwYwR¨K iii. AbjvBb e¨vswKs e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. w` †e½j e¨vsK K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. L. w` wn›`y¯’vb e¨vsK  7. evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i Zvij¨ eRvq iv‡L? M. †Rbv‡ij e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv K. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó K‡i N. B‡¤úvwiqvj e¨vsK Ae BwÛqv L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i 2. ‘Bank is the trader of money and M. e¨vs‡Ki †fv‡ë bM` A_© Rgv †i‡L  loan’−Dw³wU Kvi? N. D”P my‡`i cwie‡Z© ¯^í my‡` FY w`‡q K. John Hang L. Prof. T. Hardy 8. †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve gvwjK‡K e¨vsK †PK eB M. H.L. Hert N. J.C. Wood  mieivn K‡i bv? 3. †h‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki A_© e¨e¯’vi g~j †K›`ªwe›`y K. mÂqx L. PjwZ M. ¯’vqx N. we‡kl PjwZ †KvbwU? 9. GKRb Avg`vwb-ißvwbKviK e¨vsK †PK eB K. wkí e¨vsK L. †Kw›`ªq e¨vsK  mieivn K‡i bv? M. K…wl e¨vsK N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK K. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó K‡i 4. †Kvb e¨vs‡K ‘Mother of Central Bank’ ejv nq? L. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i K. wiKm e¨vsK Ae myB‡Wb M. e¨vs‡Ki †fv‡ë bM` A_© Rgv †i‡L  L. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ  N. D”P my‡`i cwie‡Z© ¯^í my‡` FY w`‡q M. †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷g  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 10−11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: N. e¨vsK Ae d«vÝ Rbve nvmvb Rbve Rvgv‡bi KvQ †_‡K GKwU `vMKvUv 5. Sl. R Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? †PK †c‡jb| †PKwUi Dcwifv‡Mi evgcv‡k¦© K. Statutory Liquidity Requirement  wb‡gœv³fv‡e `vMKvUv n‡q‡Q| L. Statutory Liquidity Reserve 10. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi `vMKvUv? K. mvaviY L. ˆØZ M. Standard Liquidity Reserve N. AmvaviY M. we‡klfv‡e  N. Standard Liquidity Rate 11. wg. nvmv‡bi †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K wnmve bv _vK‡j 6. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †h mKj AvaywbK myweav MÖvnK wZwb hv Ki‡Z cv‡ib  †mevi gvb e„wׇZ f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q Zv n‡jv i. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K †h Kv‡iv wnmv‡e †PK Rgv w`‡Z cv‡ib i. jKvi fvov ii. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K wnmve Ly‡j †mLv‡b †PK Rgv ii. ATM ey_ 336


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ w`‡Z cv‡ib iii. Rbve Rvgvb w`‡q `vM AcmviYc~e©K e¨vsK KvD›Uvi †_‡K UvKv DVv‡Z cv‡ib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. ii I iii L. i, ii I iii M. i I iii N. i I ii. 12. Rbve wgbnvR GKRb ißvwbKviK| Zvi wbKU †Kvb ai‡bi cÖZ¨qbcÎ AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i? K. wbwðZL. †Lvjv M. AwbwðZ N. N~Y©vqgvb  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 13−14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve kvnwiqvi kwdK GKRb †cvkvK ißvwbKviK| Zvi 50 jÿ UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| bZzb AW©v‡ii Rb¨ UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq e¨vs‡Ki wbqg-Kvbyb AbymiY K‡i wZwb e¨vsK †_‡K 70 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 13. Rbve kvnwiqv‡ii M„nxZ F‡Yi mv‡_ †Kvb F‡Yi mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? K. RgvwZwi³ FY  L. e¨emvq FY M. bM` FY N. eÜwK FY 14. e¨vs‡Ki G ai‡bi FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g e„w× cv‡ei. cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg ii. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb iii. wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I iiL. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 15. evsjv‡`‡ki ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq Kvh©µg mivmwi wbqš¿Y K‡i †K? K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK  L. A_© gš¿Yvjq M. miKvi N. ciivóª gš¿Yvjq 16. GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq nv‡i BwZevPK cÖfve iv‡L-Gi cÖavb KviY †KvbwU? K. †`kxq Drcv`b e„w× cvq L. †`‡ki fveg~wZ© D¾¡j nq M. Avg`vwb I ißvwb e„w× cvq N. we‡`wk wewb‡qvM ev‡o  17. µq ÿgZvi mZZv Z‡Ë¡i (Purchasing Power Parity Theory) RbK †K? K. wcÖ Ad WªPvi L. †nbwi †dqj M. Rb DBwjqvgm N. cÖ¯Ívf K¨v‡bj  18. ‘SWIFT’ †Kvb jÿ¨ wb‡q cÖwZwôZ nq? K. Visa I Master Card Gi cÖPjb Kiv

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) L. WvK‡hv‡M ˆe‡`wkK †jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kiv M. ågYKvixi ågY msµvšÍ cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ Kiv N. AvšÍt‡`kxq AvšÍte¨vswKs †`bv-cvIbv wb®úwË Kiv 19. Rbve kwdKzj Avjg GKRb wkícwZ| wZwb †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ DËg e¨vsK evQvB‡qi †ÿ‡Î e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ¸Y‡K AwaK cÖvavb¨ †`‡e? K. wbivcËv e¨e¯’v L. mÂq msMÖ‡ni mvg_©¨ M. FY Av`v‡qi mÿgZv N. MÖvnK †mevi gvb 

20. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki mvaviY Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY  i. G‡Z e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Ici wbqš¿‡Y mgm¨v n‡e ii. G‡Z A_©‰bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ evavMÖ¯Í n‡e iii. G‡Z g~jab MV‡bi KvR evavMÖ¯Í n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I iii M. i I ii  N. i, ii I iii.  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 21 − 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: eZ©gv‡b mgv‡Ri †jvKRb wewfbœ my‡hvM-myweavi Kvi‡Y †emiKvwi e¨vsK¸‡jvi mv‡_ †jb‡`b Ki‡Z ¯^v”Q›`‡eva Ki‡Q| †mvbvjx e¨vs‡K Kg©iZ †iRvDj Bmjvg GUv †`‡L DwØMœ| wZwb G Ae¯’vi DËiY cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib| 21. wg. Bmjv‡gi DwØMœZv `~ixKi‡Y KiYxq n‡jvi. e¨e¯’vcbvi `ÿZv evov‡Z n‡e ii. MÖvnK †mevi cÖwZ hZœkxj n‡Z n‡e iii. DbœZ cÖhyw³ †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i, ii I iii M. ii I iii N. i I iii. 22. †mvbvjx e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK? K. ¯^vqËkvwmZ L. miKvwi  M. †emiKvwi N. †hŠ_ gvwjKvbvaxb 23. Ajm A_© Rgv i‡q‡Q Ggb GKRb e¨w³i Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve DËg? K. mÂqx L. ¯’vqx  M. we‡kl PjwZ N. †cbkb mÂqx 24. mvaviYZ †Kvb ai‡bi FY gÄy‡ii †ÿ‡Î m¤úwË RvgvbZ Avek¨K bq?

337


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ K. avi L. RgvwZwi³ FY  M. bM` FY N. ga¨g †gqvw` FY 25. exgv e¨emv‡qi DrcwËi µg †KvbwU? K. Rxeb → †bŠ → AwMœ → `~N©Ubv L. †bŠ → Rxeb → AwMœ → `~N©Ubv M. †bŠ → AwMœ → Rxeb → `~N©Ubv  N. AwMœ →†bŠ → Rxeb → `~N©Ubv 26. me©cÖ_g exgv e¨emvq ïiæ nq †Kvb †`‡k? K. d«v‡Ý L. Bsj¨v‡Û N. Rvg©vwb‡Z M. BZvwj‡Z  27. Rxeb exgv Pzw³ Acwinvh© Dcv`vb n‡jvi. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© ii. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© iii. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I ii  N. i, ii I iii. 28. Kgc‡ÿ KZ eQi mgq DËxY© bv n‡j mgc©Y g~j¨ cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv? K. GK eQi L. wZb eQi M. `yB eQi N. Pvi eQi  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 29 − 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve mvddvb nvwee RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍiÿx wgk‡b `wÿY my`vb hv‡”Qb| wZwb hvIqvi c~‡e© wb‡Ri Rxeb exgv Ki‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb G‡Z wcÖwgqv‡gi nvi h‡_ó Kg| gv‡S †`‡k wd‡i G‡m wZwb exgvcÎ Avevi bevqb K‡i‡Qb| 29. Rbve nvwee †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K. e„wË L. †gqvw` M. mvgwqK N. GKKvjxb 30. Rbve nvwee‡K exgv wcÖwgqvg Kg w`‡Z nq †Kb? i. ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ wZwb exgvcÎ Ly‡j‡Qb ii. ïaygvÎ gviv †M‡jB G‡ÿ‡Î exgv`vex c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e iii. wcÖwgqvg wnmv‡e cÖ`Ë A_© exgv †Kv¤úvwb †`‡e bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. i, ii I iii N. ii I iii 31. wb‡gœi †KvbwU †bŠ exgv Pzw³i Ae¨³ kZ©? K. †bŠc_ msµvšÍ eY©bv L. mgy`ª hvÎvi ZvwiL M. hvÎvc_ AcwiewZ©Z ivLv  N. mgy`ª hvÎvi weiwZ 32. Rbve †gvnv¤§` Djøvi gvjevnx RvnvR b‡f¤^i

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) gv‡m PÆMÖvg †_‡K wbDBq©K †cuŠQv‡e| GB hvÎvKv‡j †h ÿwZ n‡e Zv exgv †Kv¤úvwb cwi‡kva Ki‡e| Rbve †gvnv¤§` Djøv †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? K. hvÎvi exgvcÎ L. wgkª exgvcÎ  M. mgq exgvcÎ N. g~j¨vwqZ exgvcÎ 33. AvaywbK AwMœexgvi RbK †K? K. PvU©vi cvwU© L. Pvjvwb iwk` M. ¯’jvwfwl³Zvi cÎ N. cywjwk Z`šÍ wi‡cvU©  34. AvaywbK AwMœexgvi RbK †K? K. wb‡Kvjvm iwebmb L. wb‡Kvjvm evieb  M. wb‡Kvjvm Kve©b N. jyBm Awjfvi  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 35−36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve dR‡j ivweŸ GKRb †mŠwLb wPÎKg© msMÖvnK| wZwb cÂvk nvRvi UvKvq †Kbv GKwU wPÎKg© cieZ©x‡Z Gi evRvi g~j¨ hvB †nvK bv †Kb GK jÿ UvKvq AwMœexgv K‡ib| GK `~N©Ubvq Av¸b †j‡M wPÎwUi 25% webó n‡q hvq| 35. Rbve ivweŸ †Kvb ai‡bi AwMœ exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K. g~j¨vwqZ L. wbw`©ó M. Ag~j¨vwqZ N. MocoZv 36. exgv †Kv¤úvwb Rbve ivweŸ‡K KZ UvKvi ÿwZc~iY Ki‡e? K. 50,000 L. 75,000 M. 1,00,000 N. 25,000  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 37 − 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Kwig GKRb ¯^í Av‡qi gvbyl| wb‡Ri AeZ©gv‡b †Q‡j‡g‡qi Avw_©K mnvqZvi K_v †f‡e GKwU exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Pzw³e× n‡q‡Qb Ges gvwmK 500 UvKv nv‡i Rgv w`‡”Qb| 37. Rbve Kwig †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? K. mvaviY exgv L. Rxeb exgv  M. †bŠ exgv N. AwMœ exgv 38. Rbve Kwi‡gi cÖ`Ë gvwmK 500 UvKv‡K exgvi fvlvq Kx e‡j? K. wcÖwgqvg  L. evwl©K wd M. mÂq N. wewb‡qvM 39. km¨ exgv cÖ_g Pvjy nq †Kvb †`‡k?

338


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ K. hy³iv‡R¨L. Rvg©vwb‡ZM. hy³iv‡óª N. d«v‡Ý 40. ‘Fire is a good servant but a bad master’ †K e‡j‡Qb?

K. jW© g¨vKb¨vUb M. eivU© I‡qb

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) L. jW© eªyK  N. wb‡Kvjvm evieb

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (XvKv Kg©vm K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU 1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] we‡k¦ me©cÖ_g KZ mv‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖwZwôZ nq? 7. D³ FY eve` 15% nvi my‡` gvmv‡šÍ Rbve ivwRe‡K KZ UvKv my` w`‡Z n‡e? K. 1157 L. 1656  M. 1694 N. 1971 K. 6,250  L. 12,500 †KvbwU exgvPzw³i we‡kl Dcv`vb? M. 18,750 N. 20,000 K. `ywU cÿ L. ˆea cÖwZ`vb 8. e¨vsK †_‡K †h wnmv‡ei wecix‡Z FY †bIqv hvqM. †¯^”Qv mvq N. wbKUZg KviY  i. FY ii. mÂqx iii. PjwZ evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR Kx? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb L. gy`ªvi gvb msiÿY K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. M. FY wbqš¿Y N. FY AvgvbZ m„wó  9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wgkª e¨vsK? ga¨hy‡M e¨vsK e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi cÖavb KviY Kx? K. evsjv‡`k Dbœqb e¨vsK wjwg‡UW  K. c~e©m~ix‡`i Avwef©ve L. we‡klvwqZ e¨vs‡Ki L. Avie evsjv‡`k e¨vsK wjwg‡UW cÖPjb M. †mvm¨vj Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW M. gy`ªvi cÖPjb N. Dcvmbvjq e¨vswKs e¨e¯’v N. WvP-evsjv e¨vsK wjwg‡UW †KvbwU we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi c×wZ ewnf~©Z? 10. †KvbwU †bŠ-exgvi e¨³ kZ©? L. WvKgvidZ K. KvMwR gy`ªv  K. mgy`ªhvÎvi ˆeaZv M. †c-AW©vi N. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ L. wfbœc‡_ Mgb bv Kiv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 6−7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M. Rvnv‡R iÿxeni _vKv MÖvnK wn‡m‡e myL¨vwZ _vKvq Rbve ivwRe AMÖYx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW Gi mv‡_ RgvK…Z A‡_©i AwZwi³ 10 jÿ N. RvnvRwUi mgy‡`ª PjvPj‡hvM¨Zv UvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ Pzw³e× nb| Zvi wnmve `k 11. †Kvb exgvc‡Î cÖ w ZwU m¤ú‡`i g~ j ¨ jÿ UvKv DØ„Ë _vKvKvjxb wZwb e¨emv‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b c„ _ Kfv‡e D‡jø L Kiv nq? 15 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| K. MocoZv L. †NvlYvK…Z e¨vsK G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi RvgvbZ‡K AwaK M. mw¤§wjZ N. g~j¨vwqZ ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q? 12. †KvbwU AevwYwR¨K F‡Yi `wjj? K. ¯’vei m¤úwË eÜK L. e¨w³K  K. e¨vs‡Ki AvÁvcÎ L. †c-AW©vi M. cY¨ eÜK N. c~e©¯^Ë¡ 339


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ M. åvg¨gvb †bvU  N. e¨vsK M¨vivw›U 13. evnK †P‡Ki Amyweav Kx? K. eo A‡¼i †jb‡`b L. mnR †jb‡`b M. AwaK wbivc` N. n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 − 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. Kwj‡gi wbKU n‡Z wg. iv‡k` KY©dzjx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW Gi 50 nvRvi UvKvi GKwU †PK †c‡q‡Qb| wZwb A_© msMÖ‡ni R‡b¨ Zuvi g¨v‡bRvi Rbve bvRgyj‡K †PKwU cÖ`vb K‡ib| 14. D³ †PKwU‡Z bvRgyj †Kvb cÿ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e? K. Avw`ó L. Av‡`óv M. Aby‡gv`bKvix N. aviK  15. †PKwUi A_© wg. iv‡k‡`i e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g msMÖn Kivi Dcvq Kx? K. †P‡Ki Aby‡gv`b L. †PK cÖZ¨qb M. †PK bM`vqb N. †P‡K `vMKvUv  16. †KvbwU Rxeb exgv Pzw³i Dcv`vb? K. AvbycvwZK nvi L. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY M. mgc©Y g~j¨ N. ÿwZc~iY 17. cÖZ¨qcÎ n‡jv GKwU  i. F‡Yi RvgvbZ ii. F‡Yi `wjj iii. RvnvwR `wjj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I ii N. i, ii I iii  18. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g km¨exgv e¨e¯’v Pvjy nq K‡e? K. 1918 L. 1962 M. 1972 N. 1976  19. †KvbwU `yN©Ubv exgvi ewnf~©Z? K. Mevw` cï L. wkÿv  M. wngvMvi N. wegvb 20. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR?

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) K. mÂq msMÖn L. FY AvgvbZ m„wó M. †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb  N. Zvij¨ msiÿY 21. e¨vs‡Ki Zvij¨ Kx? K. ch©vß AvgvbZ msMÖn L. A‡_©i bM` cÖevn M. wkíLv‡Z wewb‡qvM N. g~jab MVb 22. †KvbwU †P‡Ki Agh©v`vi KviY ewnf~©Z? K. †P‡K Av‡`óvi ¯^vÿi bv _vKv L. Av‡`óvi wnmv‡e ch©vß A_© bv _vKv M. `vMKvUv †PK cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb  N. †P‡Ki A_© cwi‡kv‡a Av`vj‡Zi wb‡lavÁv 23. AwMœexgvq †Kvb ai‡bi SzuwK AwaK? K. A_©‰bwZK L. cÖvK…wZK M. ˆbwZK  N. mvgvwRK  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24 − 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: evsjv‡`‡k wkwcs K‡c©v‡ik‡bi Ôevsjvi †MŠieÕ RvnvRwU Ôiƒcmv BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UWÕ Gi wbKU 100 †KvwU UvKvi exgvK…Z| cieZ©x‡Z iƒcmv BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW D³ exgvPzw³i wecix‡Z mvaviY K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ 80 †KvwU UvKv g~‡j¨i GKwU c„_K exgvPzw³ K‡i| 24. iƒcmv BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW KZ©„K mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ik‡bi mv‡_ m¤úvw`Z exgvPzw³wU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. cybe©xgv  L. ˆØZexgv M. `yN©Ubv exgv N. cwienb exgv 25. `yN©Ubv NU‡j D³ exgvq ÿwZc~iY Ki‡e  i. iƒcmv BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW ii. evwYR¨ gš¿Yvjq iii. mvaviY exgv K‡c©v‡ikb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 26. A_© evRv‡i †K cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡i? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. wek¦ e¨vsK M. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK  N. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK

340


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ 27. ivnvZ GKwU jUvwi‡Z weRqx n‡q 20 jÿ UvKv cvq| wbR bv‡g e¨vs‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wnmve †Lvjv Zvi R‡b¨ AwaK myweavRbK? K. ¯’vqx  L. we‡kl PjwZ M. FY AvgvbZ N. wW‡cvwRU †cbkb ¯‹xg 28. mgc©Y g~j¨ cvIqv hvq  i. wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l ii. wbqwgZ wcÖwgqvg cÖ`vb n‡j iii. †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi exgvc‡Îi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii. 29. mg µqÿgZv Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v †K? K. †nbwi †dqj L. G¨vWvg w¯§_ M. M¨v¯Íf K¨v‡mj  N. wR. µvD_vi 30. †KvbwU mvaviY exgvi AvIZvfy³? K. ¯^v¯’¨ exgv L. wkÿv exgv M. †Mvôx exgv N. km¨ exgv  31. †`‡ki GKwU e„n`vqZb cÖwZôvb †mvbviMuvI G¨v‡cv‡ijm wjwg‡UW XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z 3wU ¸`v‡g iwÿZ c‡Y¨i Rb¨ GKwU exgvPzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡i? K. †NvlYvK…Z L. mw¤§wjZ M. web¨vm‡hvM¨ N. fvmgvb  32. †Mvôx exgv Kvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨? K. wbw`©ó RvwZ †Mvôx L. GKB cwiev‡ii m`m¨e„›` M. cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Kg©Pvwi  N. eÜz-evÜe  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 33 − 34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: m¤cÖwZ we‡`k †_‡K cY¨ Avg`vwb †e‡o hvIqvq †`‡k gvwK©b Wjv‡ii g~j¨ cwieZ©b nq| Gw`‡K, evRv‡i wkïLv‡`¨i g~j¨ e„w× cvIqvq †µZv‡`i gv‡S Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq| 33. Dwjø w LZ †cÖ ÿ vc‡U gvwK© b Wjv‡ii wewbgq nvi e„ w ×i KviY Kx? 341

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) K. ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi Pvwn`v e„w× L. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× M. AwaK ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM N. †kqvi evRv‡ii m~PK e„w× 34. D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y miKv‡ii KiYxq n‡jvi. ißvwb e„w× ii. ch©Ub wk‡íi weKvk iii. we‡`‡k Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  35. †KvbwU exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡_©i mwVK A_© cÖKvk K‡i? K. exgvK…Z welqe¯Íyi Ici exgvKvixi Avw_©K ¯^v_© L. exgvMÖwnZv KZ©„K wbw`©ó mg‡q `vexK…Z A‡_©i cwigvY M. exgvK…Z welqe¯Íyi Dci exgvMÖwnZvi Avw_©K ¯^v_© N. exgvKvwi KZ©„K cÖ`Ë ÿwZc~i‡Yi cwigvY  36. GKK e¨vs‡Ki myweav †KvbwU? K. AwaK g~jab L. A_© ¯’vbvšÍi M. SzuwK eÈb N. `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY  37. gybvdv me©vwaKxKi‡Yi welqwU‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q eZ©gv‡b †`‡k evwYwR¨K e¨vsKmg~n AwaK FY`v‡bi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡o‡Q| G‡Z AwP‡iB e¨vs‡Ki Zxeª Zvij¨ msK‡Ui Avk¼v Ki‡Q we‡klÁ gnj| D™¢~Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i? K. Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK L. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK  M. wek¦ e¨vsK N. AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej 38. e¨vsK wnmve †Lvjvi cÖavb myweav Kx? K. mnR †jb‡`b L. gybvdv AR©b M. A‡_©i wbivcËv  N. FY MÖnY 39. Rbve AwfwRZ (40 eQi) w` mvbivBR BÝy¨‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW Gi mv‡_ ˆÎgvwmK wfwˇZ exgv`vex jv‡fi k‡Z© GKKvjxb wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kva K‡i GKwU exgvcÎ MÖnY K‡ib| K. AvRxeb L. ¯^v¯’¨ M. Awae„wË  N. †gqv`x 40. †KvbwU †bŠ wec`?


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ K. M”Pv L. we‡kl LiPvewj

M. cY¨ wb‡ÿcY 

342

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) N. D×vi msµvšÍ LiP


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (we.G.Gd. kvnxb K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU 1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

6. 7. 8. 9.

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 10. ‘A bank is a financial intermediary, a ‘Mother of Modern bank’ ejv nq †Kvb e¨vsK‡K? dealer is loans and debt’s – Dw³wU Kvi? K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK  L. wkí e¨vsK K. Prof. Roger L. P.H. Collin M. mgevq e¨vsK N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK M. Prof. Gilbert N. Prof. Cairncross  e¨vsK I e¨vwKs Gi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨ Kx? 11. Avw_©K ÿwZi m¤¢vebv‡K Kx e‡j? L. `vqMZ K. cÖK…wZMZ  K. AcPq L. AePq M. wcÖwgqvg N. SzuwK M. mvdj¨MZ N. DrcwËMZ 12. evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b KZ mv‡ji exgv AvBb wb‡Pi †KvbwU wewnZ gy`ªv? cÖPwjZ? K. 1 I 2 UvKvi †bvU  L. 10 I 20 UvKvi †bvU K. 1932 L. 1938 M. 1994 N. 2010 M. 50 I 100 UvKvi †bvU 13. `vq g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kv‡`i mn‡hvwMZv †bIqv nq? N. 500 I 1000 UvKvi †bvU K. gvwj‡Ki L. A¨vKPzqvwi  µq ÿgZvi mgZv Z‡Ë¡i RbK †K? M. exgvMÖnxZvi N. Kg©KZ©v‡`i K. H.F. Evitt L. R.N. Stern 14. enbcÎ Kq cÖ‡¯’ ˆZwi Kiv nq? M. Gustar Cassel N. John Black K. `yB cÖ‡¯’ L. wZb cÖ‡¯’  CCA/C Kx? M. Pvi cÖ‡¯’ N. cuvP cÖ‡¯’ 15. †Kvb †`‡k cÖ_g Mevw`cky exgv Pvjy nq? K. Commercial Credit Account L. Rvg©vwb K. d«vÝ  L. Credit Commercial Account M. hy³ivóª N. hy³ivR¨ M. Capital Credit Account 16. †Kvb †ÿ‡Î ˆØZexgv Kiv hvq bv? N. Cash Credit Account  K. †bŠ exgv L. AwMœ exgv we‡k¦i cÖ_g e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx? M. Rxeb exgv  N. kn¨ exgv K. kváx e¨vsK L. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ 17. AwMœexgvi we‡kl Dcv`vb  M. wiKm e¨vsK Ae myB‡Wb N. w` wn›`y¯Ívb e¨vsK i. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© ii. ÿwZc~iY iii. kZ©vewj †P‡Ki Avwe®‹viK Kviv? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. gnvRb †kªwY L. ¯^Y©Kvi †kªwY K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii M. e¨emvqx †kªwY N. miKvi 18. †bŠ exgvc‡Îi wewfbœ ai‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o? GKwU ˆea †P‡Ki †gqv` KZ gvm? i. hvÎvi exgvcÎ K. 2 gvm L. 3 gvm ii. mgq exgvcÎ N. 8 gvm M. 6 gvm  iii. wgkª exgvcÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K F‡Yi `wjj? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. ågYKvixi †PK L. †c-AW©vi  K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii M. åvg¨gvb †bvU N. ågYKvixi cÖZ¨qcÎ 343


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ 19. WvK Rxeb exgv c‡Îi cÖavb DcRxe¨ welq n‡jv i. AvRxeb exgvcÎ ii. mvgwqK exgvcÎ iii. †gqvw` wegvcÎ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iiiM. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 20. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq mswkøó n‡jv  i. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖiY ii. wewbgq nvi wba©viY iii. Avg`vwb n«vm I ißvwb e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I iiL. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 21. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK  i. K…wl e¨vsK ii. evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK iii. MÖvgxY e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 22. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msL¨vZ¥K FY wbqš¿Y c×wZi g‡a¨ c‡o i. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ ii. F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ iii. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii. 23. e¨vsK †h mKj †ÿ‡Î MÖvn‡Ki wnmve eÜ K‡i Zv n‡jv  i. MÖvn‡Ki g„Zz¨ n‡j ii. MÖvnK cvMj n‡j iii. MÖvnK wnmve eÜ Kivi †bvwUk w`‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 24. ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv †K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? i. cÖvcK ii. evnK iii. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I iii  N. i, ii I iii.  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 25−26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wcÖwgqvi e¨vsK wjwg‡UW evsjv‡`‡k AwZ cwiwPZ bvg| gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨vsKwU wewfbœ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| g~jab MV‡b G

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L P‡j‡Q| 25. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. miKvwi L. GKK M. evwYwR¨K N. †K›`ªxq 26. wcÖwgqvi e¨vsK g~jab MV‡b Kxfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L? K. mÂq msMÖn K‡i  L. A_© ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i M. FY wbqš¿Y K‡i N. FY`vb K‡i  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 27−28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve gwZb GKwU e¨vs‡Ki GgwW| e¨vsK m¤cÖwZ Ab jvBb e¨vswKs Pvjy K‡i‡Q| wKšÍy A_©‰bwZK g›`vi Kvi‡Y e¨vsKwU‡Z Zvij¨ msKU †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| 27. Rbve gwZ‡bi e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. GKK e¨vsK L. kvLv e¨vsK  M. MÖæc e¨vsK N. †PBb e¨vsK 28. e¨vsKwU‡Z Zvij¨ msKU †`Lv †`Iqvi KviY  i. bZzb AvgvbZ ii. cÖ`Ë FY Av`vq bv nIqv iii. wgZe¨wqZvi bxwZ Abym„Z bv nIqv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 29 − 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. iwdK gvj‡qwkqv PvKwi K‡ib| †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡Z Av‡M mgm¨v n‡jI eZ©gv‡b UvKv cvVv‡bvi A‡bK c×wZ _vKvq Zvi †Kvb mgm¨v GLb Avi †bB| 29. we‡`‡k A_© †cÖi‡Yi †Kvb c×wZ wg. iwd‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK© ewnf©~Z? K. WvK‡hv‡M L. Zvi‡hv‡M M. B-†gBj e¨envi K‡i N. cÖZ¨qc‡Îi gva¨‡g 30. UvKv cvVv‡bvi A‡bK c×wZi g‡a¨ wg. iwd‡Ki Rb¨ `ªæZZg c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i  i. WvK‡hv‡M ii. Zvi‡hv‡M iii. B-†gB‡ji gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. i I ii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 31 − 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: RvwKqv e¨vs‡Ki K¨vwkqvi Awdmvi| GKUv †PK †c‡q wZwb cÖvc‡Ki bvg wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| evnK 344


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ ej‡jv cÖvcK evmvq Av‡Q| RvwKqv †PKwU †dir w`‡jb| 31. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi †PK? K. we‡kl `vMKvUv L. mvaviY `vMKvUv M. ûKzg N. evnK  32. wb‡Pi †Kvb Kvi‡Y RvwKqv †PKwU Agh©v`v K‡i‡Q? K. †PKwU mwVKfv‡e †jLv nqwb e‡j L. †PKwU e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g Dc¯’vwcZ nqwb e‡j M. cÖvc‡Ki weiæ‡× e¨vs‡Ki Awf‡hvM Av‡Q e‡j N. †PKwU‡Z h_vh_fv‡e Aby‡gv`b Kiv nqwb e‡j   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 33 − 34 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. mvgx GKwU exgvc‡Îi AvIZvq Zvi KviLvbvi kªwgK‡`i Rxeb exgv Ki‡Z Pvb| gvwjK G ai‡bi exgv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb †R‡b kªwgKiv Lywk| 33. wg. mvgx †Kvb ai‡bi exgv Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb? K. MÖæc exgv  L. hyM¥ exgv M. ˆØZ exgv N. eûRxeb exgv 34. G ai‡bi exgvi Le‡i kªwgKiv Lywk Gi KviYi. G‡Z gvwj‡Ki `vqgyw³ NU‡e ii. GRb¨ c‡KU †_‡K Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv wcÖwgqvg w`‡Z n‡e bv iii. g„Zz¨ ev `yN©UbvRwbZ Kvi‡Y Avw_©K `y`©kvi jvNe NU‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 35 − 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: gvjØxc †_‡K BZvwji †fwbm e›`‡i hvIqvi †ÿ‡Î †Zjevnx GKwU RvnvR exgv Pzw³ K‡i| cw_g‡a¨ Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb wbw`©ó e›`‡i bv wfwo‡q RvnvR Ab¨ e›`‡i wfovq| H e›`‡i RvnvRwU `yN©Ubvi wkKvi nq|

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) 35. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †bŠ exgvcÎ msMÖn Kiv n‡qwQj? K. fvmgvb L. e„nr SyuwKi M. hvÎvi  N. wgkª 36. DÏxc‡K Rvnv‡Ri Kvßvb †bŠ exgv Pzw³i †Kvb ai‡bi kZ© f½ K‡i‡Qb? K. e¨³ L. Ae¨³  M. wbw`©ó N. g~L¨  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 37 − 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Bmjvg 50,000 UvKvq †Kbv GKwU wPÎKg© cieZ©x evRvig~j¨ hvB †nvK bv †Kb 1,00,000 UvKvq AwMœexgv K‡ib| Av¸b †j‡M wPÎwU 25% webó n‡q hvq| 37. Rbve Bmjvg †Kvb ai‡bi AwMœexgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K. g~j¨vwqZ L. Ag~j¨vwqZ N. MocoZv M. wbw`©ó  38. Rbve Bmjvg exgv †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K KZ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cv‡e? L. 50,000 K. 1,00,000  M. 25,000 N. 12,500  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 39 − 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. †PŠayix d¬¨vU wKb‡eb| GRb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡jb| †iwRw÷ª K‡i d¬¨vU eÜK QvovI µqK…Z wKQz †kqvi I eÛ RvgvbZ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| 39. wg. †PŠayix M„nxZ FY wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi? K. bM` FY L. evwYwR¨K FY M. †fv³v FY  N. `wjwj FY 40. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ RvgvbZ †Kvb ai‡bi? K. `Ljnxb eÜK L. AwZwi³ RvgvbZ  M. c~e©¯^Z¡ N. mvaviY eÜK

345


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (RqcyinvU miKvwi K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Yg© vb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. †KvbwU e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK KvR? K. A_© ¯’vbvšÍi L. A_© wewbgq M. AvgvbZ MÖnY  N. FY cÖ`vb 2. †KvbwU evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖewZ©Z †bvU bq? K. 20 UvKv L. 10 UvKv M. 5 UvKv N. 2 UvKv  3. †Kvb e¨vsK RvgvbZ QvovB FY †`q? K. Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vsK L. MÖvgxY e¨vsK  M. K…wl e¨vsK N. eª¨vK e¨vsK 4. evsjv‡`‡k GK UvKvi †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i †K? K. gnve¨e¯’vcK L. A_©mwPe  M. MfY©i N. A_©gš¿x 5. Biv‡bi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx? K. w` e¨vsK gviKvRx L. †eb‡KvWv gvi‡KvwR M. e¨vsK gviKvRx  N. e¨vsK gvmKvb 6. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? K. ˆe‡`wkK wewbgq  L. wbKvk N‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb M. gy`ªvi cÖPjb N. FY wbqš¿Y 7. DËiv e¨vs‡Ki c~e©myix e¨vsK  K. w` wcÖwgqvi e¨vsK wjwg‡UW L. w` B÷vY© e¨vsK K‡c©v‡ikb wjwg‡UW  M. w` BDwbqb e¨vsK wjwg‡UW N. w` B÷vY© gv‡K©›UvBj e¨vsK wjwg‡UW 8. †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? K. wewbgq nvi wba©viY  L. AvgvbZ msMÖn M. wewbgq gva¨g m„wó N. FY`vb 9. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Zvi‡j¨i nvi  K. 18% L. 18.5% M. 19%  N. 19.5%

10. GKwU ˆea †P‡Ki †gqv` KZw`b _v‡K? K. 30 w`b L. 60 w`b M. 120 w`b N. 180 w`b  11. †P‡Ki Av‡`óv †K? K. cÖvcK L. evnK M. †PK cÖ¯ÍyZKvix  N. aviK 12. †Kvb ai‡bi wnmv‡e e¨vsK †PK eB Bmy¨ K‡i bv? K. ˆe‡`wkK wnmve L. ¯’vqx wnmve  M. mÂqx wnmve N. PjwZ wnmve 13. e¨vsK Gi g~jbxwZ n‡jv  i. g~j¨‡eva m„wó ii. mZZv iii. ¯^”QjZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii  M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 14. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †kªwYfy³ n‡jv  i. RbZv e¨vsK ii. Bmjvgx e¨vsK iii. Gwe e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  15. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g gy`ªvùxwZ n«vm K‡i  i. e¨vsK nvi evwo‡q ii. Rgvi nvi evwo‡q iii. e¨vsK nvi Kwg‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii  L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

346


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

16. mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi wn‡m‡e †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv i. †bvU Bmy¨KiY ii. wbKvkN‡ii `vwqZ¡ iii. Znwej msiÿY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I iii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 17. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv  i. FY wbqš¿Y ii. AvgvbZ MÖnY iii. FY`vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 18. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Av‡qi Drm n‡jv  i. Ae‡jLb wd ii. F‡Yi my` iii. †UªRvwi wej wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 19. ûKzg †P‡Ki UvKv †K D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? i. evnK ii. cÖvcK iii. Aby‡gv`b e‡j cÖvcK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 20. `vMKvUv †P‡K hv †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i  i. e¨vs‡Ki bvg I e¨w³i bvg ii. cÖvc‡Ki wnmv‡e cÖ‡`q iii. n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Avngv` mv‡ne GKRb e¨vsKvi| Zv‡`i e¨vswKs Kvh©µg mviv evsjv‡`‡k we¯Í„Z| mviv we‡k¦ A_©‰bwZK g›`v †`Lv †`Iqvq Zvi cÖfve D³ e¨vs‡KI Abyf~Z n‡”Q| d‡j Zv‡`i e¨vsKwU B`vwbs Zvij¨ m¼‡U fyM‡Q| 21. Rbve Avngv` mv‡n‡ei e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. †PBb e¨vsK L. MÖæc e¨vsK M. GKK e¨vsK N. kvLv e¨vsK   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. kivdZ †nv‡mb †mvbvjx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW RqcyinvU kvLvi Bmy¨ Kiv 1 jÿ UvKvi GKwU `vMKvUv †PK wb‡q mivmwi †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki D³ kvLvq UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z †M‡j e¨vsK A_© cÖ`vb bv K‡i Zv‡K D³ †PKwU

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

Zvi wb‡Ri wnmv‡e Rgv Ki‡Z e‡j| wg. †nv‡mb ZLb D³ †PK Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW Gi eo‡Mvjv kvLvq Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv w`‡jb| 22. †mvbvjx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW I Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW Gi ga¨Kvi †jb‡`b wb®úwˇZ Kvi mn‡hvwMZv Acwinvh©? K. †mvbvjx e¨vs‡Ki L. Bmjvgx e¨vs‡Ki M. wbKvk N‡ii  N. miKv‡ii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Avj-Avivdvn& Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW GKwU cwiwPZ e¨vsK| G e¨vsK gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| g~jab MV‡b G e¨vsK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| 23. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ e¨vsKwU evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. miKvwi e¨vsK M. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e¸ovi Gwkqvi myBUwgU Gi `B e¨emvqx Zvi cÖwZôv‡b `ya mieivnKvix Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg‡K 10,000 UvKvi GKwU evnK †PK cÖ`vb K‡ib| †P‡K cÖ`Ë ¯^vÿi wgj bv _vKvq e¨vsK D³ †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`v‡b AcviMZv cÖKvk K‡i| 24. Rbve Aveyj Kvjvg‡K †P‡Ki UvKv cÖ`vb bv Kiv‡K e¨vs‡Ki fvlvq Kx ejv nq? K. cÖZviYv L. cÖZ¨vL¨vb  M. cÖZ¨vnvi N. evwZj 25. †Kvb ai‡bi exgvi ga¨ w`‡q exgv e¨emvq hvÎv ïiæ K‡i? K. AwMœexgv L. †bŠexgv  M. Rxebexgv N. `yN©Ubvexgv 26. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v‡_©i h_v_© msÁv †KvbwU? K. exgvi welqe¯Íy‡Z exgvKvixi gvwjKvbv ¯^Z¡ L. exgvi welqe¯Íy‡Z exgvMÖnxZvi gvwjKvbv ¯^Z¡ M. exgvi welqe¯Íy‡Z exgvKvixi Avw_©K ¯^v_© N. exgvi welqe¯Íy‡Z exgvMÖnxZvi Avw_©K ¯^v_©  27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU exgvi D‡Ïk¨? K. SzuwK eÈb  L. SzuwK wbg~©j M. SzuwK wbqš¿Y N. SzuwK m„wó

347


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

28. Rxeb exgv †Kvb ai‡bi Pzw³? K. Rxeb iÿvKvix Pzw³ L. wbðqZvi Pzw³  M. ÿwZc~i‡Yi Pzw³ N. SzuwK eȇbi Pzw³ 29. exgv MÖnxZvi g„Zz¨ NU‡jB †Kej †h exgv `vwe c~iY Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K. AvRxeb exgv  L. †gqv` exgv M. mvgwqK exgv N. Rxeb exgv 30. †Kvb exgv ÿwZc~i‡Yi exgv bq? K. AwMœexgv L. †bŠexgv M. mvaviY exgv N. Rxeb exgv  31. †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK wec` Gi AšÍfy©³? K. Rvnv‡R Av¸b jvMv L. cY¨ wb‡ÿc M. R‡jv”Q¡&vm  N. Rj`my¨Zv 32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †bŠexgv Pzw³ ewnf~©Z? K. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY L. Avw_©K wbðqZv  M. ÿwZ wb®‹„wZ N. AvbycvwZK mvnvh¨ 33. exgvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv  i. g~jab MVb ii. SzuwK n«vm iii. cybM©Vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii  L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 34. exgvi KvR n‡jv  i. wbðqZv weavb ii. SzuwK eÈb iii. ÿwZc~iY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 35. Rxebexgv Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o  i. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© ii. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© iii. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 36. †bŠexgvi Ae¨³ k‡Z©i welqe¯Íy n‡Z cv‡i  i. hvÎvi mgq ii. hvÎvi ˆeaZv iii. Rvnv‡Ri mgy‡`ª PjvPj †hvM¨Zv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx) 37. †bŠexgvq exgv †Kv¤úvwb ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb K‡i i. Rvnv‡Ri ÿwZ n‡j ii. RvnvR gvwj‡Ki ÿwZ n‡j iii. RvnvRw¯’Z c‡Y¨i ÿwZ n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii  N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 38bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: exgv e¨emv‡qi DrcwË m¤ú‡K© mwVK †Kv‡bv BwZnvm cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e gvbyl Rxe‡bi bvbv SzuwK I AwbðqZv Ges e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i bvbv cÖwZK~jZv Avw_©Kfv‡e †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q G exgv e¨e¯’v| 38. exgv e¨emv‡qi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? K. `ªæZ Avw_©K DbœwZ Kiv L. k„•Ljv weavb Kiv M. A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ Kiv N. Avw_©Kfv‡e SzuwK †gvKvwejv Kiv   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 39bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve ingZ Djøvn& Zvi eÜz I e¨emv‡qi Askx`vi Rbve BqvKze Avjxi Rxebexgv Ki‡Z PvB‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb Zv‡Z Am¤§wZ Ávcb K‡i| A_P D³ †Kv¤úvwb Rbve ingZ Djøvn& Gi ¯¿xi Rxebexgv Ki‡Z m¤§wZ cÖKvk K‡i| 39. Rbve ingZ Djøvn& Zvi eÜzi Rxebexgv Ki‡Z PvB‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb m¤§Z nqwb †Kb? K. Rbve BqvKze ïay eÜz bb Askx`viI L. Rbve ingZ Djøvn& `xN©w`b wcÖwgqvg cwi‡kva Ki‡eb bv M. eÜzi Rxe‡b exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _v‡K bv  N. Rbve ingZ Djøvn Gi AwfcÖvq m‡›`nRbK wQj  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 40bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve Avwid Rvcvb †_‡K Mvwo Avg`vwb K‡ib| GK jÿ UvKv wcÖ wgqvg cwi‡kva K‡i mgy` ª c‡_ cwievwnZ Mvwoi GK †KvwU UvKv ch©š Í ÿwZc~i ‡Yi kZ© wZwb GKwU exgv †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ Pz w³e× n‡jb| 40. Rbve Avwi‡di M„nxZ exgvcÎwU †Kvb cÖK…wZi? K. hvÎv exgvcÎ L. †bŠexgvcÎ  M. mvaviY exgvcÎ N. AwMœexgvcÎ

348


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

wbe©vPbx cixÿv (Kzwgjøv miKvwi K‡jR) welq: e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-wØZxqcÎ eû-wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mgq: 40 wgwbU

c~Y©gvb: 40

[we.`ª.: mwVK I m‡ev©rK…ó DËiwU‡Z Kv‡jv ej †cb Øviv fivU Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡kœi gvb mgvb|] 1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡k¦i cÖ_g cÖvwZôvwbK e¨vsK? K. e¨vsK Ae ev‡m©‡jvbv  L. e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ M. kvwá e¨vsK N. w` wn›`y¯’vb e¨vsK 2. e¨vsK nj Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb hv  i. AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i ii. FY`vb K‡i iii. A‡_©i wbivcËv weavb K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii  3. MÖvgxY e¨vsK GKwU  K. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK L. eÜKx e¨vsK M. miKvwi e¨vsK N. †PBb e¨vsK 4. †mvbvjx e¨vsK wg. ivqnvb‡K GK jÿ UvKv FY gÄyi Ki‡jv| F‡Yi UvKv ivqnv‡bi e¨vsK wnmv‡e Rgv nj| ivqnvb cÂvk nvRvi UvKv DwV‡q LiP Ki‡jb| Aewkó cÂvk nvRvi UvKv e¨vs‡Ki  K. FY L. FY AvgvbZ  M. AvgvbZ N. †Kv‡bvwU bq  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 5 − 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: †cvkvK ißvwbKviK wg. ingv‡bi Exim Bank G 50 jÿ UvKv Rgv Av‡Q| bZzb AW©v‡ii R‡b¨ UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq wZwb e¨vs‡Ki wbqgKvbyb AbymiY K‡i 60 jÿ UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 5. wg. ingv‡bi M„nxZ 10 jÿ UvKv F‡Yi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? K. e¨emvi FY L. bM` FY M. eÜKx FY N. RgvwZwi³ FY  6. D³ F‡Yi gva¨‡g e„w× cv‡e  i. cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg ii. †`‡ki Kg©ms¯’vb iii. wewbgq nvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

349

7. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K avi Kiv A‡_©i aviK ejvi KviYK. FY AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i L. AvgvbZK…Z A_© †_‡K FY`vb K‡i  M. †h †Kvb mgq A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K N. FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i 8. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR †KvbwU? K. A_© I F‡Yi Kvg¨¯Íi wbwðZKiY L. gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a e¨e¯’v MÖnY M. evRv‡i A_© mieivn evov‡bv N. wewbgq nv‡ii w¯’wZkxjZv cÖwZôv Kiv  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 9 − 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. ReŸvi mv‡ne wg. kwdK mv‡n‡ei wbKU †_‡K GK jÿ UvKvi †mvbvjx e¨vsK K‡cv©‡iU kvLv Kzwgjøvi GKwU †PK MZ 5 gvP© 2012 Zvwi‡L †c‡jb| wZwb e¨emvwqK Kv‡R we‡`‡k Ae¯’vb †k‡l 10 A‡±vei 2012 Zvwi‡L †`‡k G‡m †PKwU RbZv e¨vsK, Kvw›`icvo kvLvq Rgv w`‡Z hvb| 9. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †PKwU‡K e¨vsK †Kvb ai‡bi †PK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡e? K. evnK †PK L. ûKzg †PK M. `vMKvUv †PK  N. evwm †PK 10. †PKwU Bmy¨i mgq hw` 10 A‡±vei 2011 ZvwiL wjLv nq Z‡e †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi †PK wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Zv? K. c~e©eZ©x Zvwi‡Li †PK L. cieZ©x Zvwi‡Li †PK M. evwm †PK  N. evnK †PK 11. †PK‡K cÖvPxbhy‡M ¯^Y©Kvi †kªwY cÖewZ©Z †Kvb wjwLZ c‡Îi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq? K. D‡Ëvjb `wjj L. D‡Ëvjb wPUv  M. A½xKvi cÎ N. D‡Ëvjb cÎ 12. e¨vsK nvi e„w×i KviY Kx? K. wewfbœ eÛ I FYc‡Îi g~j¨e„w× L. wkí I evwY‡R¨ wewb‡qvM e„w×KiY


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

13.

14.

15.

16.

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

M. e¨emvqx‡`i AwaK cwigvY FY MÖn‡Y wbiærmvwnZ cÖ`vb N. ißvwbgyLx wk‡í Avw_©K mnvqZv `vb †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki msL¨vZ¥K FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ n‡jvi. e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ ii. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ iii. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  RgvwZwi³ FY MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨? K. PjwZ wnmve _vK‡Z n‡e  L. PjwZ wnmve I we‡kl Pzw³ _vK‡Z n‡e M. †h †Kvb e¨vsK wnmve _vK‡jB Pj‡e N. e¨vsK wnmve _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ †`‡ki AbyK~‡j _vK‡j wewbgq nvii. n«vm cvq ii. e„w× cvq iii. n«vm ev e„w× cvq bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii †h Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g Znwej ¯’vbvšÍi Ges AvgvbZ wnmve n‡Z A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq Zv‡K ejv nq  K. †WweU KvW© L. †µwWU KvW©  M. gv÷vi KvW© N. VISA

17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU T.T Gi c~Y©iƒc? K. Transfer Teaching L. Travellers Transport  M. Telephonic Transfer N. Teachers Training 18. GKwU †P‡K ev‡g Dcwifv‡M `ywU †iLv AvovAvwo †U‡b gvSLv‡b †Kv‡bv e¨vs‡Ki bvg wjLv n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq  K. `vMKvUv †PK L. we‡klfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK  M. mvaviYfv‡e `vMKvUv †PK N. evnK †PK

19. wW.wc.Gm GKwU  K. †PKwenxb mÂqx wnmve L. †PKmn mÂqx wnmve M. ¯’vqx wnmve N. ¯’vqx wnmve   wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 20 − 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg‡mm. Rvnvbviv †eMg GKRb M„wnYx| iƒcvjx e¨vsK, g‡bvnicyi kvLvq Zuvi GKwU e¨vsK wnmve i‡q‡Q| weMZ 5/6 eQ‡i Zuvi wnmv‡e cÖvq jÿvwaK UvKv Rgv i‡q‡Q| GgZve¯’vq wZwb fve‡Qb, D³ A_© †Kv_vq ivL‡eb? 20. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wnmvewU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. PjwZ wnmve L. ¯’vqx wnmve M. DPS  N. mÂqx wnmve 21. mwÂZ GK jÿ UvKv wZwb ivL‡Z cv‡ib  i. ¯’vqx wnmv‡e ii. PjwZ wnmv‡e iii. mÂqx wnmv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i L. ii M. iii N. †KvbwU bq 22. evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK wjwg‡UW GKwU  K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. eÜKx e¨vsK M. wkí e¨vsK  N. Avg`vwb ißvwb e¨vsK 23. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A-ZvwjKvfy³ e¨vsK? K. Iqvb e¨vsK wjwg‡UW L. nvwee e¨vsK wjwg‡UW M. Iqvwi e¨vsK wjwg‡UW N. †cÖwm‡WwÝ e¨vsK wjwg‡UW 24. wb‡Pi †KvbwU NU‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB e¨vsK wnmve eÜ n‡q hvq? K. e¨vsK wnmv‡e UvKvi cwigvY Kg _vK‡j L. MÖvn‡Ki g„Zz¨ n‡j  M. `xN©w`b MÖvnK †jb‡`b bv Ki‡j N. Rgvi AwZwi³ A_© D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡j 25. fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvsMVwbKfv‡e exgvi cÖPjb ïiæ nq K. 1938 mv‡j  L. 1972 mv‡j M. 1972 mv‡j N. 1971 mv‡j 26. wb‡Pi †KvbwU exgv Pzw³i we‡kl Dcv`vb? K. cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ L. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© 

350


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

g‡Wj cÖkœ (eû wbe©vPbx)

M. Pzw³ m¤úv`b †hvM¨Zv N. †¯^”Qv mvq 27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤úwË exgv? K. ¯^v¯’¨ exgv L. †hŠ_ exgv M. †bŠ exgv  N. †eKviZ¡ exgv 28. Amy¯’Zv exgv wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi exgvi AšÍfy©³? K. Rxeb exgv  L. mvgvwRK exgv M. `vq exgv N. m¤úwË  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 29 − 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. Rv‡n` Zvi ¸`v‡g iwÿZ cuvP jÿ UvKvi gvjvgv‡ji R‡b¨ exgv Pzw³ m¤úv`b Ki‡jv| ¸`v‡g Av¸b †j‡M gvjvgvj cy‡o †M‡j exgv †Kv¤úvwb wg. Rv‡n`‡K cuvP jÿ UvKv ÿwZc~iY cÖ`vb Ki‡jv| wKšÍy Rv‡n` †`Lj †h ¸`v‡g cÖvq GK jÿ UvKvi gvjvgvj AÿZ Ae¯’vq i‡q †M‡Q| 29. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z exgvwU †Kvb ai‡bi exgv Pzw³ wQj? K. AwMœ exgv  L. †PŠh©exgv M. `yN©Ubv exgv N. m¤úwË exgv 30. ÿwZc~iY cwi‡kv‡ai ci ¸`v‡gi hveZxq gvjvgvj exgv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b P‡j hv‡e| wb‡Pi †Kvb bxwZ G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨? K. wbivcËv bxwZ L. ÿwZc~iY bxwZ M. `ªæZ `vwe cwi‡kva bxwZ N. ¯’jvwfwl³Zvi bxwZ 31. Rxeb exgv Pzw³i Acwinvh© Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o  i. exgv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© ii. mwØk¦v‡mi m¤úK© iii. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K. i I ii  L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 32 − 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. kv‡n` GKRb GbwRI Kg©x| †cbkb mywe`v bv _vKvq wZwb GKwU e„wË exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b wbw`©ó mgq c‡i †cbk‡bi g‡Zv UvKv cvIqv hvq| wcÖwgqvgI Kg weavq wZwb LyeB mšÍyó| 32. wg. kv‡n` †Kvb ai‡bi e„wË exgvcÎ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb? K. mvgwiK L. wejw¤^Z M. wbw`©ó N. Aemi  33. Zv‡K Kg wcÖwgqvg w`‡Z n‡”Q| Gi KviY  i. G‡Z g„Zz¨ SzuwK AšÍfy©³ _v‡K bv ii. G‡Z RgvK…Z A_©B g~jZ †diZ †`qv nq iii. wg. kv‡n` ¯^í †eZ‡b PvKzwi K‡ib

351

34. 

35.

36. 37.

38. 39.

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we‡ePbv K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi wewbgq wej evÆvi nvi evwo‡q †`q| 7. FY wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Kvb bxwZ K. †LvjvevRvi L. e¨vsK nvi bxwZ M. Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b bxwZ N. F‡Yi eivÏKiY bxwZ 8. †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK wnmv‡ei wec‡ÿ RgvwZwi³ FY cvIqv hvq? K. mvaviY ¯’vqx L. we‡kl ¯’vqx M. PjwZ N. mÂqx 9. †KvbwU wegvPzw³i we‡kl Dcv`vb? K. cÖ¯Íve I ¯^xK…wZ L. ˆea cÖwZ`vb M. ˆea D‡Ïk¨ N. cÖwZ¯’vcb 10. AwMœRwbZ ÿwZi c‡ivÿ KviY †KvbwU? K. AmZK©Zv L. Ae‡njv M. B”QvK…Z AwMœms‡hvM N. ÎæwUhy³ wbg©vY 11. †Kvb ai‡bi †PK AwaK wbivc`? K. evnK L. ûKzg M. `vMKvUv N. Aby‡gv`b wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt weUv e¨vsK Zvi g„Z MÖvn‡Ki m¤úwË IqvwikM‡Yi g‡a¨ fvM-ev‡Uvqviv K‡i †`q| 12. DÏxc‡K weUv e¨vsK Kx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i? K. Z_¨ mieivnK L. wR¤§v`vi M. Ae‡jLK N. Dc‡`óv 13. †Kvb bxwZi wfwˇZ GKB m¤úwË GKvwaK wegvKvixi wbKU wegv Kiv hvq? K. cÖZ¨ÿ KviY bxwZ L. Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY bxwZ M. ¯’jvwfwl³KiY bxwZ N. AvbycvwZK AskMÖnY bxwZ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve iwng Zvi eÜz Kwi‡gi Mv‡g©‡›U‡mi Rb¨ wegv Ki‡Z Pvb| me wegv †Kv¤úvwbB iwn‡gi cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Ae‡k‡l iwn‡gi Aby‡iv‡a Kwig A I B bvgK `ywU wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU wegvPzw³i


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

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†gvU g~j¨ 1 †KvwU UvKv| wKQzw`b ci AwMœKv‡Ð 50 jÿ UvKvi ÿwZ nq| 14. Rbve Kwig A wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU KZ UvKvi ÿwZ c~iY cv‡eb? K. 25 jÿ L. 50 jÿ M. 75 jÿ N. 1 †KvwU 15. †Kvb Kvi‡Y wegv †Kv¤úvwbi¸‡jv iwn‡gi wegv `vex cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i? K. AvBbMZ m¤úK© L. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© M. ˆea cÖwZ`vb N. Avw_©K ÿwZc~iY 16. GKwU †P‡K †Kvb welqwU bv _vK‡jI e¨vsK UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i? K. wnmve b¤^i L. Aby‡gv`b M. ¯^vÿi N. UvKvi AsK 17. Rxeb wegvq wegvKvix KZ…©K wegv MÖnxZvi cvIbvi AwZwi³ A_© cÖ`vb‡K Kx e‡j? K. †evbvm L. wcÖwgqvg M. mgc©Y g~j¨ N. cÖwZkÖæZ e„wË 18. †KvbwU e¨vs‡Ki FYK…Z Znwej? K. cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab L. MÖvnK AvgvbZ M. mvaviY mwÂwZ N. wewae× mwÂwZ 19. †bŠ wegvq †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK wec` ? K. N~wb©So L. Rj`my¨ M. hy× RvnvR N. we‡ùviY 20. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †MvcbxqZvi bxwZ n‡”QK. MÖvn‡Ki Rgvi wbivcËv weavb L. MÖvn‡Ki Z_¨ Ab¨‡`i bv Rvbv‡bv M. MÖvnK‡K mZZvi mv‡_ †mev cÖ`vb N. MÖvn‡Ki UvKv PvwnevgvÎ †diZ `vb 21. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GKK `vwqZ¡? K. FY`vb I ZË¡veavb L. g~jab evRvi MVb M. †bvU I gy`ªvi cÖPjb N. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb wb‡Ui DÏxcKwU c‡o 22 Ges 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Rbve ingvb iæcmx Rvnv‡Ri mv‡_ wbw`©ó hvÎvc‡_i D‡jøL K‡i GKwU wegvPzw³ K‡i| Pzw³ Abyhvqx RvnvRwU 1 Rvbyqvwi PÆMÖvg e›`i n‡Z hvÎv

K‡i 28 Rvbyqvwi Pxb e›`‡i †cŠQ‡e| hvÎvc‡_ mvgyw`ªK wec‡`i Rb¨ bvweK wKQz cY¨ Ab¨ Rvnv‡R Zz‡j †`q| GRb¨ 2 jÿ UvKv e¨q nq| 22. 2 jÿ UvKv e¨q †Kvb ai‡bi ÿwZ? K. M”Pv L. Z¨vM ¯^xKvi M. we‡kl LiP N. mvgwMÖK LiP 23. Rbve ingv‡bi wegvcÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. e›`i SzuwK wegvcÎ L. mgq wegvcÎ M. hvÎv wegvcÎ N. wgkÖ wegvcÎ 24. ATM KvW© †Kvb e¨envi Kiv nq? K. wej evÆvKiY L. FY wbqš¿Y M. A_© D‡Ëvjb N. g~jab MVb 25. Ò †dWv‡ij wiRvf© wm‡÷gÓ- †Kvb †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK? K. hy³ivR¨ L. myBRvij¨vÛm M. †b`vij¨vÛm N. gvwK©b hy³ivóª 26. †Kvb wegvi gva¨‡g wegv e¨emv‡qi hvÎv ïiæ nq? K. Rxeb wegv L. AwMœwegv M. †bŠ-wegv N. `yN©Ubv wegv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 Ges 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: e¨vsK e¨e¯’vcK Rbve nvwee GKRb MÖvnK‡K 5 †KvwU UvKv FY gÄyi K‡ib| wbe܇bi gva¨‡g RvgvbZ wn‡m‡e 5 KvVv Rwg eÜK iv‡Lb| cieZ©w‡Z MÖvnK FY cwi‡kv‡a e¨_© n‡j RwgwU e¨vs‡Ki `L‡j Av‡m| e¨vsK RwgwU wewµ Ki‡Z wM‡q †`‡L Gi Øviv F‡Yi mgy`q UvKv cvIqv m¤¢e bq| 27. DÏxc‡Ki eÜKwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. ¯’vqx L. mvaviY M. kZ©vaxb N. fvmgvb 28. DËg Rvgvb‡Zi †Kvb ˆewkó¨wU DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z? K. weµq †hvM¨Zv L. gvwjKvbv ¯^Z¡ M. `Lj ¯^Z¡ N. evRvi g~j¨ 363


e¨emvq bxwZ I cÖ‡qvM-2q cÎ

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29. †Kvb ai‡bi wegvi †ÿ‡Î Avw_©K ÿwZc~i‡Yi cwie‡Z© m¤úwË cybt¯’vcb Kiv nq? K. AwMœ L. †bŠ M. Rxeb N. km¨ 30. †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR? K. gybvdv AR©b L. AvgvbZ msMÖn M. FY wbqš¿Y N. Ae‡jLb 31. †bŠ-wegvq KLb wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© _vK‡Z nq? K. wegvcÎ MÖn‡Yi mgq L. ÿwZ msNU‡bi mgq M. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi mgq N. wcÖwgqvg cÖ`v‡bi mgq wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wg. Rvgvb 10 jÿ UvKvi GKwU Rxeb wegv †Lv‡jb| 3 ermi ci wcÖwgqvg w`‡Z AÿgZv cÖKvk K‡ib| wegv †Kv¤úvwb wbw`©ó Li‡P †K‡U †i‡L Zv‡K wKQz A_© †diZ †`q| 32. wegv †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU n‡Z Rvgv‡bi cÖvß A_©‡K Kx e‡j? K. mgc©Yg~j¨ L. †evbvm M. wcÖwgqvg N. Awae„wË 33. wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡ePbvq mÂqx wnmve A‡cÿv PjwZ wnmve DËg? K. e¨vsK Pv‡R©i cwigvY L. RgvwZwi³ FY MÖnY M. Avgvb‡Zi Dci my` N. cÖv_wgK Rgvi cwigvY 34. †KvbwU bxwZ we‡ePbvq evwYwR¨K e¨vsK memgq †fv‡ë bM` A_© msiÿY K‡i? K. Zvij¨ L. wbivcËv M. m”PjZv N. wgZe¨wqZv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 35 bs I 36 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt Rbve bvwKe Zvi eÜz Rbve ivweŸi bv‡g GKwU †PK Bmy¨ K‡i‡Qb| †P‡Ki me Z_¨ h_vh_fv‡e c~iY Ki‡jI UvKvi AsK wj‡Lbwb| Z‡e wZwb

Pv‡”Qb, †PKwU Ggbfv‡e Aby‡gv`b Ki‡eb hv‡Z Rbve ivweŸ †PKwU Ab¨ KvD‡K n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib| 35. DÏxc‡Ki †PKwU †Kvb ai‡bi? K. Dcnvi †PK L. duvKv †PK M. gv‡K©U †PK N. evwm †PK 36. †Kvb ai‡bi Aby‡gv`b Rbve bvwK‡ei Rb¨ Dchy³ n‡e? K. c~Y© AYy‡gv`b L. mvaviY Aby‡gv`b M. kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ Aby‡gv`b N. mxwgZ Aby‡gv`b 37. †KvbwU DËg e¨w³K Rvgvb‡Zi ˆewkó¨? K. MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv L. `vqgy³Zv M. n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv N. Avw_©K m”QjZv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 38 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: A, B Ges C wZbwU †emiKvwi e¨vs‡Ki cwiPjbv cl©` †RvUe× n‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ GKwÎZ nq| wm×všÍ nq †h, e¨vsK A †nvwìs e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| Ab¨ e¨vsK¸‡jv n‡e mvewmwWqvix e¨vsK| 38. DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsK¸‡jv Kx ai‡bi e¨vswKs Kv‡Ri wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q? K. MÖæc L. kvLv M. †PBb N. GKK 39. cÖZ¨qcÎ Bmy¨ K‡i †K? K. Avg`vwbKviK L. ißvwbKviK M. Avg`vwbKvi‡Ki e¨vsK N. ißvwbKvi‡Ki e¨vsK 40. †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ GKRb bvevjK wegvPzw³ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? K. AvBbMZ m¤úK© L. wegv‡hvM¨ ¯^v_© M. wcÖwgqvg cÖ`vb N. Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi †hvM¨Zv

364


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