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Pviy I KviyKjv

wKš‘ cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvm‡Kiv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOvwj‡ì GB b¨vh¨ AwaKv‡ii †Kv‡bv ¸iyZ¡ w`j bv| eis Ae‡njvB Kij| ax‡i ax‡i †`Lv †Mj ¯^vaxb †`‡ki gvbyl‡ì mgvb AwaKvi _vK‡jI ïay fvlvi wel‡qB bq, me †¶‡ÎB kvmKiv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl‡ì Ae‡njv Ki‡Q| PvKwii fv‡jv I D”Pc`¸‡jv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl‡ì w`‡”Q| evOvwjiv Dchy³ I ¸Yx n‡jI Zv‡ì ewÂZ K‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi A‡c¶K…Z Kg AwfÁ‡ì ewm‡q evOvwj‡ì Acgvb K‡i hv‡”Q| †mbvevwnbx, cywjkevwnbx‡Z †ewki fvMB cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl‡K †XvKv‡bv n‡”Q| Kj-KviLvbv, eëmv-evwYR¨ wk¶v-cªwZôvb me©ÎB cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl‡ì GKiKg †Rvi K‡i ewm‡q w`‡q Zv‡ì gh©v`v w`‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl‡ì Dci †kvlY AvwacZ¨ we¯Ív‡ii eë¯’v Pj‡Z _v‡K| evsjv fvlv‡K weK… Z Kivi †Póv K‡i bvbvfv‡e| evsjv Mvb, iex›`ª m sMxZ Ges evOvwji Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹… w ZK PP© v i Dci wewawb‡la ïay bq A‡bK mgq kvmK‡Mvôxi †c‡Uvqv evwnbx AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq mvaviY gvbyl‡ì Ici| 1948, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958 Ges cy‡iv lv‡Ui `kK c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl Z_v eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Zv‡ì b¨vh¨ AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ evi evi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Q, Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Q, msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| d‡j A‡bK ivRbxwZwe`, wk¶vwe`, ms¯‹„wZ‡mex, QvÎ-RbZv, cvwK¯Ív‡bi ˆ¯îkvmKe‡M©i Øviv ev‡i ev‡i wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Q, wg_¨v Awf‡hvM G‡b †R‡j cy‡i‡Q, eû †bZv I mvaviY gvbyl‡K ¸wj K‡i I bvbvfv‡e wbh©vZb Pvwj‡q nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| A‡bK Rbc` Av¸b R¡vwj‡q aŸsm K‡i w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ evOvwjiv kZ AZ¨vPv‡iI KL‡bv wcwQ‡q hvqwb| 1948 †_‡K 1971-23 eQi msMÖ v g Pvwj‡q †kl ch© š Í 1971 mv‡j 9 gvm A¯¿ wb‡q hy × K‡i c~ e © cvwK¯Ívb‡K ¯^vaxb K‡i‡QÑ bZzb †`‡ki bvg n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`k| Avi GB wekvj msMÖ v g I †kl ch© š Í ¯^vaxbZv hy × A‡bK ivR‰bwZK †bZvi m‡½ hu v i ewjô †bZ„ ‡ Z¡ m¤¢ e n‡qwQjÑ wZwb me©Kv‡ji †kªô evOvwj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, whwb evOvwj RvwZi wcZv|

`yB Pviy I KviyKjv Bbw÷wUDU c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ev evsjv‡`‡k Qwe AvuKvi cÖwZôvb Pviy I KviyKjv Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZwôZ nq 1948 mv‡j| cÖwZôvZv wkíx‡ì g‡a¨ wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b I Kvgiyj nvmv‡bi m‡½ e½eÜzi ü`¨Zvi m¤úK© wQj KjKvZv †_‡KB| PviyKjvi cÖwZôvZv wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvb, kwdDwÏb Avng`, LvRv kwdK Avn‡g`, kwdKzj Avwgb, †gvnv¤§` wKewiqv Gu i v mevB wPšÍ v q I †PZbvq wQ‡jb cÖ M wZkxj, Amv¤cÖ ` vwqK Ges evsjv fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ kª×vkxj I m‡PZb| Zuviv ïay Qwe AvuKv welqwU nv‡Z- Kj‡g wkL‡e †mR‡b¨ wkíx evbvevi Rb¨ PviyKjv Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZôv K‡ibwb| Zuviv †P‡q‡Qb GB PviyKjv Bbw÷wUDU‡K †K›`ª K‡i Qwe AvuKv, fv¯‹h© I Ab¨vb¨ wk‡íi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZPP©v I fvlvi PP©v I m¤§vb BZ¨vwÌ cÖmvwiZ n‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li g‡a¨ evOvwji wbR¯^ HwZn¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv evo‡e| PviyKjv PP©vi cÖ_g w`K †_‡KB huviv QvÎ wn‡m‡e fwZ© n‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB cÖwZôvZv wkíx‡ì wPšÍv I †PZbv‡K aviY K‡iB wkíPP©v K‡i‡Qb| ZvB †`Lv hvq, 1948 †_‡K 1952-i fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1954 †_‡K 1958 ch©šÍ ivR‰bwZK cwieZ©b, lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ïiy‡ZB AvBDe Lv‡bi gvk©vj j-we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb I Pvwc‡q †Ìqv nvwg`yi engvb wk¶v Kwgk‡bi

evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q, Pviywkí I wkíxiv

weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb, e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei 6 `dv `vwe wb‡q Av‡›`vjb, 1968 I 69-G wekvj MYAv‡›`vjb K‡i ˆ¯ivPvix AvBD‡ei cZb NUv‡bv BZ¨vw` me msMÖv‡g †`‡ki QvÎ-RbZvi m‡½ Kuv‡a Kuva wgwj‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb G‡`‡ki wPÎwkíxiv| 1970 mv‡j e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ZrKvjxb AvIqvgxjxM Z_v evsjvi gvbyl cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbe©vP‡b wecyj †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡i| Zvici evOvwji nv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi KZ…©Z¡ bv †Ìqv I cieZx© Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb, Ges me‡k‡l 9 gv‡mi gyw³hy×Ñ me©ÎB wPÎwkíxiv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KL‡bv KL‡bv c‡iv¶fv‡e Ask wb‡q‡Q| wkí¸iy Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvbmn KvBqyg †PŠayix, nv‡kg Lvb, wbZzb KyÊz, Bg`v` †nv‡mb, cÖv‡Yk gÊj, cÖdz jivq, iwdKzb bex, Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, †Mvjvg mv‡ivqvi, weRq †mb, gvngy`yj nK, bvwmi wek¦vm, ex‡ib †mvg, gÄyiyj nvB, Aveyj eviK Avjfx, †iRvDj Kwig, ˆmq` Ave`yjvn Lv‡j`, Gg G Lv‡j`, kvnv`Z †PŠayix, gvneyeyj Avwgb, ¯^cb †PŠayix, kvnveywÏb cÖgyL wkíxivB Av‡›`vj‡b cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb| GKw`‡K Zuviv Zuv‡ì Zzwj‡K A¯¿ wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wkíx Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wb‡qB mivmwi hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i‡Qb|

wZb knx`wgbvi I 6 `dv 1952 mv‡j fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b cUzqv Kvgiyj nvmvb Ges †mB mg‡q QvÎ I c‡i wkíx gyZ©Rv ekxi, Bg`v` †nv‡mb, Ave`yi iv¾vK, wmivRx, KvRx Ave`yi iDd, Ave`yi meyi, Avwgbyj Bmjvg cÖgy‡Li ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv wQj| wkíx weRb †PŠay i x I gy Z © R v ekxi fvlv Av‡›`vjb I kvmK‡ì wbh© v Z‡bi weiy ‡ × Wª B s I KvV †Lv`vB, wj‡bvKvU gva¨‡g †ek wKQz Qwe ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb| ¯^wkw¶Z wPÎwkíx KvRx Aveyj Kv‡kg †`v‡cqvRv GB QÙbv‡g fvlv Av‡›`vjbwelqK KvU©yb Gu‡K RbMY‡K DØz× K‡iwQ‡jb| wkíx‡ì Gme Qwe evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î, Z_v wb‡R‡ì AwaKvi Av`v‡q RbMY‡K RvwM‡q †Zvjvi †¶‡Î BwZnv‡mi Ask| knx`wgbv‡ii ¯’cwZI GKRb wPÎwkíx| wZwb wkíx nvwg`yi ingvb| Zuv‡K †mB mgq mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQ‡jb fv¯‹i b‡fiv Avn‡g`| 1956 mv‡j GwU cÖwZwôZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li AwaKvi Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î †hme ivR‰bwZK `j Av‡›`vjb K‡i P‡j‡QÑ Zv‡ì cÖPv‡i, †cv÷vi AvuKv, KvUz©b AvuKv, cÖPvig~jK bvbviKg Qwe AvuKv †d÷zb I e¨vbvi ˆZwi Kiv, e³„Zv I Av‡›`vj‡bi gÂm¾v, mewKQz‡Z wkíxiv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e RwoZ _vK‡Zb| AvIqvgxjxM, b¨vc, KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i g‡Zv cÖMwZkxj ivR‰bwZK `jmn, QvÎjxM, QvÎ BDwbqb Ges mvs¯‹„wZK `j, QvqvbU, D`xPx I cÖMwZkxj bvU¨`j¸‡jvi m‡½ †_‡K wkíxiv Zv‡ì Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Zb| wkïmsMVb †LjvNi I KwP-KuvPvi †gjvi gva¨‡g wPÎwkíxiv wkï wPÎKjv I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZPP©vi gva¨‡g wkï‡ì g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvi Av`vq I wb‡R‡ì wkí, mvwnZ¨ I HwZn¨ wel‡q AvMÖnx K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| e½eÜzi 6 `dvi †jv‡Mv, cÖPv‡ii †cv÷vi, gÂm¾v K‡iwQ‡jb wkíx nv‡kg Lvb| cÖZxKx gÂm¾vi bKkv cÖ”Q‡` eënvi K‡i ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK 6 `dvi wel‡q we‡kl msL¨v †ei K‡i| 1967 †_‡K cici 5 eQi 1971 ch©šÍ| GKz‡k †deªyqvwi Dcj‡¶ wPÎwkíxiv knx`wgbv‡i eo eo K¨vbfv‡m, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki

Pviy I KviyKjv

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evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q, Pviywkí I wkíxiv

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evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q, Pviywkí I wkíxiv

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evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q, Pviywkí I wkíxiv

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b›`jvj emy (1882-1966) wkívPvh© b›`jvj emyi Rb¥ 1882 mv‡ji gy‡½i NoMcy‡i| Zuvi evevi bvg c~Y©P›`ª emy| †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB wPÎKjvi cÖwZ AvKl©Y wQj cÖej| gvwU w`‡q †`e‡`exi g~wZ©mn cyZzj ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| cieZx©Kv‡j wZwb Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii mvnv‡h¨ KwjKvZv AvU© ¯‹z‡j fwZ©i my‡hvM cvb| wkíx wfb‡m›U f¨vbMM-Gi AuvKv wb‡Ri Qwe

wkívPvh© b›`jvj emy

Pviy I KviyKjv 1902 mv‡j QvÎve¯’vi †kl w`‡K Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii AvnŸv‡b b›`jvj emy AvU© ¯‹zj †Q‡o Zvui m‡½ †hvM †`b| †mB mgq Zuvi †evb wb‡ew`Zvi Ôwn›`y-†eŠ× cyivKvwnbx' eBwUi A½m¾v K‡ib| 1916 mv‡j †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo‡Z wewPÎv msN cÖwZôv K‡ib| b›`jvj emy †mLv‡b wkíKjvi wk¶K wnmv‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi †`qvjwPÎ Gu‡K b›`jvj emy we‡kl L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| †klRxe‡b b›`jvj emy Zzwj Kvwj Ges QvcvwP‡Îi cÖwZ we‡kl g‡bv‡hvMx nb|

b›`jvj emyi AuvKv Qwe

Zuvi weL¨vZ Qwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ˆK‡Kqx, wkegZx, muvIZvj‡`i km¨ecb, b„Z¨, nwicyi †`qvjwPÎ BZ¨vw`| 1954 mv‡j fviZ miKvi Zv‡K cÙf~lY Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib| 1966 mv‡j kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b b›`jvj emy ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|

Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1871-1951) KwjKvZvi weL¨vZ †Rvovmuv‡Kv VvKzi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB Qwe AuvKvi cÖwZ Zuvi AvKl©Y wQj| wcZv ¸‡Y›`ªbv_ GKmgq AvU© ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ wQ‡jb| cvwievwiK †kŠwLb cwi‡ek I N‡ii †`qv‡j Uvbv‡bv bvbv wPÎKg© cU Zvi gb‡K K‡iwQj m„Rbkxj I KíbvcÖeY| KwjKvZv AvU© ¯‹z‡ji ZrKvjxb Aa¨¶ n¨v‡f‡ji †Póvq wZwb mnKvix Aa¨‡¶i c‡` †hvM †`b 1898 mv‡j| Zvici fviZxq wkí AviI fv‡jvfv‡e Abykxjb wkíx Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi K‡i 1905 mv‡j wZwb wkí¸iyi~‡c Rxeb ïiy K‡ib| Zuvi cÖfv‡e †Rvovmuv‡Kvi VvKzievwo GKwU wkícÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nq| ïay wkím„wóB bq, mvwn‡Z¨I Zuvi GKUv wbR¯^ `„wófw½ wQj| Zuvi mvwnZ¨‡K wkím„wói cwic~iK e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|

Aebx›`ªbv‡_i AuvKv Ô¶x‡ii cyZzjÕ

c„w_exi weL¨vZ wkíx I wkíKg©

wkï I wK‡kvi‡`i Rb¨ wZwb cÖPzi eB iPbv K‡i‡Qb, †hgbÑ ¶x‡ii cyZzj, f~Z-†cZbxi †`k, ey‡ov Avsjv, Nyg cvovwb `vmx cÖf…wZ| Avi D‡jL‡hvM¨ wPÎK‡g©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ ey× I myRvZv, cÙ nv‡Z ivRKzgvix| 1951 wLªóv‡ã GB gnvb wkíx g„Zy¨eiY K‡ib|

wPÎwkíx iex›`ªbv_ (1861-1941) iex›`ªbv_‡K GZw`b Avgiv Kwe¸iy wn‡m‡e †R‡b G‡mwQ| AvR Avgiv Rvbe wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡e iex›`ªbv_‡K| K_vUv A‡bKUv Gfv‡e ejv hvqÑ cÖexY eq‡m G‡m GKRb wkíxi g‡ZvB Qwe AvuK‡Z _v‡Kb| iex›`ªbv‡_i Qwe AuvKvi c~e©K_v I BwZnvm †K‡bv AvKw¯§K NUbv bq| AvuKvi evmbv Zuvi `xN©w`‡bi| Zv Qvov VvKzievwo‡Z eo fvB †R¨vwZwi›`ªbv_, åvZz®úyÎ Aebx›`ªbv_ I MM‡b›`ªbv_ A‡b‡KB †m-mgq Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| VvKzievwoi †fZ‡i evB‡i wewPÎv mfv I Ab¨vb¨ msMV‡bi myev‡` iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RI wPÎPP©vi Kv‡R Lei`vwi K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÖš’ Rxeb¯§„wZ †_‡K Rvbv iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

hvq `ycyi‡ejv RvwRg- weQv‡bv †Kv‡Yi N‡i Qwe AvuKvi LvZv

wb‡q iex›`ªbv_ AuvKv‡RvKv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb hv †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Av‡Q ev cÖwZw`b Avgiv †`LwQ Zv-B h‡_ó bqÑ wkíx‡K †`L‡Z n‡e GKUv we‡kl wKQz hv Zuv‡K m„wókxj Ki‡e| †kl `k eQ‡i iex›`ªbv_ A‡bK Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| mvwnZ¨Kg© Ki‡Z wM‡q KL‡bv KL‡bv wZwb wkíK‡g©i g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb Zvi cÖgvY wnmv‡e Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB A‡bK KweZvi gv‡S kã †K‡U †K‡U wewPÎ me RxeRšyÍi Qwe Gu‡K †d‡j‡Qb| iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖ_g wPÎcÖ`k©bx nq 1930 mv‡j Rvgv©wbmn BD‡iv‡ci K‡qKwU †`‡k| Zuvi K‡qKwU Qwei bvgÑ wbmM©, cÖwZK…wZ, gv I †Q‡j, gyMj, Avw`g cÖvYx, b„Z¨iZ igYx, Aemi BZ¨vw`| cÖK…wZiB eû‡Pbv i~c Avgiv †`wL bZzb K‡i wfbœgvÎvq wPÎwkíx iex›`ªbv‡_i Kj¨v‡Y|

iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii AuvKv Ôwb‡Ri gyLÕ

Pviy I KviyKjv

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. 1887 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ibÑ (K) cve‡jv wcKv‡mv

(L) hvwgbx ivq

(M) wfb‡m›U f¨vbMM

(N) b›`jvj emy

2. iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖ_g wPÎcÖ`k©bx nqÑ (K) 1938

(L) 1922

(M) 1941

(N) 1930 mv‡j

3. cve‡jv wcKv‡mv ci‡jvKMgb K‡ibÑ (K) 1975 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj

(L) 1973 mv‡ji 8 GwcÖj

(M) 1972 mv‡ji 12 GwcÖj

(N) 1970 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj

4. RxeÏkvq wfb‡m›U f¨vbM‡Mi KqLvbv Qwe wewµ n‡qwQjÑ (K) cuvPLvbv

(L) `kLvbv

(M) `yLvbv

(N) ev‡ivLvbv

5. wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i Rb¨ †jLv- ÿx‡ii cyZjz , ey‡ov Avjv, Nyg cvovwb `vmx- eB¸‡jv †Kvb wkíxi †jLv(K) hvwgbx ivq

(L) iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi

(M) b›`jvj emy

(N) Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi

e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖkœ 1. ÔgvÎ muvBwÎk eQ‡ii Rxe‡b wZwb c„w_ex‡Z †i‡L †M‡Qb Ag~j¨ me wkíKg©Õ- wkíxi bvg D‡jøL K‡i Zuvi m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL| 2. iex›`ªbv‡_i wPÎKg© m¤ú‡K© hZUzKz †R‡bQ Zv eY©bv Ki| 3. wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂi ci wkíRM‡Zi BwZnv‡m eûgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix wn‡m‡e †Kvb wkíx‡K AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq? wkíxi bvg D‡jøL K‡i Zuvi m¤ú‡K© hv Rvb †jL|

c„w_exi weL¨vZ wkíx I wkíKg©

wgjKiY Wvb

evg

1| fvlvwkíx ev K_vwkíx wKsev msMxZwkíx n‡qI

Zuvi Qwei gv‡S Gj Mvp Kv‡jv mxgv‡iLv|

2| ïay wkím„wóB bq

Zuvi cÖ_g Rxe‡bi wk¶vjvf n‡q‡Q|

3| 1903 mvj †_‡K

wZwb g‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cvi‡jb bv|

4| ¯‹z‡j cuvP eQi KvwU‡q covïbvq

wPÎwkíx bv n‡q Zuvi Dcvq wQj bv|

5| ¯‹z‡ji †P‡q M„nwk¶‡Ki Kv‡QB

mvwn‡Z¨I Zuvi GKUv wbR¯^ `„wófw½ wQj|

c„_KKiY cÖ‡kœ eY©xZ K‡qKRb wkíxi Rb¥¯’vb I Zuv‡`i wkíK‡g©i bvg †`Iqv n‡jv| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bv‡gi mvg‡b Rb¥¯’vb I wkíK‡g©i bvg wjwce× Ki| hvwgbx ivq, cve‡jv wcKv‡mv, wfb‡m›U f¨vbMM, Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| 1853 mv‡ji 30 gvP© Bj¨v‡Ûi †QvU GKwU MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cwðge‡½i euvKzov †Rjvq †ewjqv‡Rvo bvgK MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 25 A‡±vei 1881 †¯ú‡bi gvjvMv kn‡i Rb¥| KwjKvZvi weL¨vZ VvKyi cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZb Kb¨v, muvIZvj, wZb bZ©Kx, w` †MÖ‡mm, w`bgRyi, m~h©gyLx dzj, ¶x‡ii cyZzj, ey‡ov Avsjv, wbmM©, Aemi|

PZz_© Aa¨vq

wkíKjv G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv wkíKjvi we¯Í…Z RMr Ges wk‡íi wewfbœ †kªwYwefvM wb‡q ms‡¶‡c Rvbe| wewfbœ wk‡íi mv‡_ Pviy I KviyKjvi m¤úK© Ges bv›`wbK wkí, †jvKwkí I Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© G Aa¨v‡q we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wkíx Kvgi“j nvmv‡bi AuvKv ÔbvBIiÕ

GB Aa¨vq cov †kl Ki‡j AvgivÑ wkíKjv m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| wkíKjvi wewfbœ †kªwYwefvM D‡jL Ki‡Z cvie| wkíKjvi wewfbœ kvLvi mv‡_ Pviy I KviyKjvi m¤úK© wbY©q Ki‡Z cvie| bv›`wbK wkí, †jvKwkí I Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| D‡jwLZ wkí¸‡jvi e¨envwiK †¶Îmg~‡ni GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

wkíKjv

cvV : 1 wkíKjv m¤ú‡K© aviYv wkíKjvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q AvR †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi eQi Av‡M †mB Avw`g gvby‡li nvZ a‡i| †nv‡gvm¨vwc‡qb gvbyl Zvi Pvicv‡k hv †`‡L‡Q Zv-B Zvi wkígva¨‡g a‡i ivLvi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †nv‡gvm¨vwc‡qb K_vUvi A_© n‡”Q eyw×gvb gvbyl| AvR †_‡K 40 ev 50 nvRvi eQi Av‡M BD‡iv‡c GB bZzb wkKvwi gvby‡li Avwef©ve n‡qwQj| wewfbœ wkKv‡ii `„k¨ I RxeRšÍyi Qwe Zviv me‡P‡q †ewk Gu‡K‡Q| †mLvb †_‡KB wkíKjvi ïiy Z‡e GLb wkíKjv GKwU we¯—…Z welq| gvby‡li g‡bi m„Rbkxj Kg©Kv‡Êi mvgwMÖK i~c n‡”Q wkíKjv| wkíx Zuvi Kíbv I cÖwZfvi mv‡_ `¶Zv I iywPi mgš^‡q wkí m„wó K‡ib| wkíx Zuvi m„wói Avb›` †_‡K wkí m„wó K‡ib e‡j †Kv‡bv euvavaiv wbq‡gi Aax‡b wkí‡K †djv hvq bv| wkíxi KvR n‡”Q wkíKjvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i AšÍ`©„wó‡K m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv, Avgv‡`i Kíbvi cwiwa evwo‡q †Zvjv|

wkíKjvi bvbv w`K wk‡íi cÖavb `ywU aviv n‡”Q Pviywkí (Fine Arts) I Kviywkí (Crafts)| Pviywkí wkíxi m„wókxj g‡bi GKvšÍ wbR¯^ m„wó| Gi †Kv‡bv eënvwiK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †bB| m„wói Avb‡›` g‡bi ZvwM` †_‡KB Zvi DrcwË| GwU Avgvv‡ì g‡b Avb›` †hvMvq, `„wó‡K Avb›` †`q| †hgb a‡iv GKwU my›ì cÖvK…wZK `„‡kï Qwe †`‡L ev †Kv‡bv GKwU wkíKg© †`‡L †Zvgvi gb f‡i †Mj| gb fv‡jv n‡j cov‡kvbvI fv‡jv jvM‡e| g‡b Avb›` wb‡q co‡Z cvi‡e| Gfv‡e Pviywkí Avgv‡ì gvbwmK cÖ‡qvR‡b Kv‡R jv‡M| Avi Kviywkí hwÌ wkí, Z‡e A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Gi DrcwË RxweKv AR©‡bi ZvwM‡` Ges gvby‡li eënvwiK cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K| myZivs ejv hvq, Avgv‡ì gvbwmK cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq †h- wkí Zv n‡jv Pviywkí ev PviyKjv Ges †h- wkí ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b eënvwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b Kv‡R jv‡M, cvkvcvwk g‡bi Avb›` †RvMvq Zv n‡jv Kviywkí ev KviyKjv| mgMÖ wkíKjv GB `ywU cÖavb avivi AšÍf©y³| gvby‡li m„wó mg¯Í †kªô wkíB Pviywk‡íi AšÍM©Z| Pviywk‡íi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h©, †Lv`vB wkí, b„Z¨bvU¨, bvUK, Kve¨, M`¨mvwnZ¨, msMxZ, b„Z¨ BZ¨vw`| Ab¨w`‡K Kviywk‡íi g‡a¨ Av‡Q g„rwkí, eybb, ZuvZ, Pg©, euvk, †eZ, KvV I bvbviKg avZzi ˆZwi eënvwiK wkí| Avevi bKwkKuv_v, bKwk cvLv, †Ljbv cyZzj GRvZxq wkí‡K Avgiv †jvKwk‡íi ch©v‡q †dj‡jI G¸‡jv Kviywk‡íi avivq m„wó| mvaviY gvbyl g‡bi Avb›` wb‡qB G- mg¯Í wkí ˆZwi K‡i| Pviywk‡íi AšÍM©Z cÖwZwU wkíB Avevi GKwU Ab¨wUi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bvfv‡e m¤úwK©Z| G- m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ eBcy¯Í‡K †Zvgiv wkíKjv wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| KvR: 5/6 R‡bi `‡j fvM n‡q cÖwZ`j LvZvq wkíKjvi cÖavb `ywU aviv Ges Gi AšÍM©Z wkíKjvi wewfbœ kvLv¸‡jvi bvg †jL| GB cv‡V D‡jL Kiv nqwb Ggb AviI `ywU wkígva¨g -Gi bvg †jL|

cvV : 2 bv›`wbK wkí GB cv‡V Avgiv bv›`wbK wkí ev Pviywk‡íi AšÍM©Z wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h© I †Lv`vBwkí m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Rvbe| c~‡e©i cv‡V Avgiv PviyKjv m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| bv›`wbK wkí Avm‡j Pviywk‡íiB Ab¨ bvg| Pviywkí Avgv‡`i gb‡K Avb›` †`q, `„wó‡K Avb›` †`q| †h wkí Avb›``vqK I `„wób›`b, hv Avgv‡`i g‡bi †LvivK †hvMvq Zv‡KB

Pviy I KviyKjv

Avgiv bv›`wbK wkí ej‡Z cvwi| b›`b kã †_‡K bv›`wbK k‡ãi DrcwË| ¯^‡M©i D`¨vb‡K ejv nq b›`bKvbb| b›`b kãwU my›`i A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| wkíx hLb †Kv‡bvwKQz m„wó K‡ib ZLb Zuvi m„wói mv‡_ wg‡k _v‡K wkíxi e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi bvbv AwfÁZv, Zuvi iywP, wPšÍv-†PZbv, wkí‡eva, Zvi cwi‡ek I mgvR BZ¨vw` bvbv wKQz| wkíx Zuvi Av‡eM, Avb›`, `ytL, †¶vf Gme Abyf~wZ‡KB wkíi~c †`b| `ytL-†e`bv †_‡KI wkím„wó n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zv‡Z wg‡k _v‡K m„wói Avb›`| `ytL‡K wk‡í cÖKvk Kivi Avb›`| Gme wkím„wói g~‡j _v‡K wkíxi wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi A`g¨ B”Qv| wkíx Pvb `k©K Zuvi wkíKg© †`‡L Avb›` cvK, wkíxi wPšÍvfvebvi mv‡_ `k©K wb‡Ri wPšÍvi wgj Lyu‡R cvK A_ev Zuvi `„wófw½ `k©‡Ki ü`q‡K Av‡jvwoZ KiyK| `k©K Zv‡Z wPšÍvi wKQz †LvivK cvK| wkíx wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †h-†Kv‡bv gva¨g †e‡Q wb‡Z cv‡ib| †mUv n‡Z cv‡i wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h© ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gva¨g| wPÎKjvi g‡Zv fv¯‹h©, KvV‡Lv`vB ev wiwjd IqvK©-Gi gva¨‡gI bv›`wbK wkí n‡Z cv‡i| gva¨g hv-B †nvK G-ai‡bi wkí‡K Avgiv bv›`wbK wkí ej‡Z cvwi| †hgb wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi AvuKv QweÑ ÔmsMÖvgÕ|

wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi AvuKv- ÔmsMÖvgÕ

GB QwewU kªgRxex gvby‡li RxebmsMÖvg‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| wPÎKjvi gva¨‡g †hgb bv›`wbK wkí nq †Zgwb fv¯‹‡h©i gva¨‡gI n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì †`‡k I we‡`‡k cÖPzi fv¯‹h© i‡q‡Q hv †Kv‡bv welq‡K wb‡q wkíxi g‡bi Abyf~wZ‡K gvby‡li gv‡S Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| †hgb- XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjvfe‡bi mvg‡b Aew¯’Z ÔAciv‡Rq evsjvÕ| GB fv¯‹h©wU Avgv‡ì gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †MŠieMv_v, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì exiZ¡, hy‡× bvixi AskMÖnYmn gyw³hy‡×i Abyf~wZ‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e KvV‡Lv`vB ev wiwjd Kiv Kv‡Ri gva¨‡gI n‡Z cv‡i bv›`wbK wkí|

wkíKjv

XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjvfe‡bi mvg‡b Aew¯’Z fv¯‹i ˆmq` Avãyjvn Lvwj`-Gi ÔAciv‡Rq evsjvÕ

KvR : 1. wPÎKjv I fv¯‹‡h©i gva¨‡g bv›`wbK wkí ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e, G- wel‡q †Zvgvi gZvgZ Zz‡j ai| 2. †h- †Kv‡bv wPÎKjv ev fv¯‹h©‡K wK Avgiv bv›`wbK wkí eje? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|

cvV : 3 Kviywkí BZtc~‡e© Avgiv Pviywkí I Kviywk‡íi cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| eënvwiK e¯‘‡Z †mŠ›`h© Av‡ivc Kivi ga¨ w`‡q Kviywk‡íi m~Pbv Avgiv ZvI †R‡bwQ| mKj eënvwiK e¯‘B Kviywkí bq| ïaygvÎ †hmKj eënvh© mvgMÖx wkí¸Ym¤úbœ A_©vr hv KviyKvh©LwPZ A_ev wbg©vY‰kjxi Kvi‡YB g‡bvgy»Ki Zv‡KB Avgiv Kviywkí ej‡Z cvwi| Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl hv m„wó K‡i Zvi cÖv_wgK i~cwU nq Lye mij| †hgb Avgiv hw` Avw`gKv‡ji wewfbœ nvwZqvi ev evmbc‡Îi Qwe †`wL, †`Lv hv‡e †m¸‡jv Lye mnR I mijfv‡e ˆZwi| †Kej eënvwiK cÖ‡qvR‡bi

Pviy I KviyKjv

cv‡Ui ˆZwi Kvi“wkí

Kvi‡YB †mUv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| wKšÍy cieZ©xKv‡j †mŠ›`h©‡eva I iywP‡ev‡ai cÖ‡qvR‡b †mmKj nvwZqvi ev evmbcÎB gvbyl A‡bK my›ì I g‡bvgy»Ki fv‡e ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡K wkíi~c w`‡q‡Q| ZLbB †mUv n‡q‡Q Kviywkí| gvbyl Zvi Rxebhvcb‡K my›ì Kivi Rb¨, my‡L I Avb‡›` emevm Kivi Rb¨ wkíKg©‡K bvbvfv‡e eënvi K‡i| MÖv‡gi mvaviY Mwie K…lK ev kªwgKI Zuvi Kzu‡oNiwU euvk, Lo I Qb w`‡q h_vm¤¢e my›ì K‡i ˆZwi Kivi †Póv K‡i| ìRv, Rvbvjvq euvk I †e‡Zi euvab w`‡q bvbviKg bKkv Kivi †Póv K‡i| Gi KviY me gvby‡li g‡bB †mŠ›`h©‡eva _v‡K| Avi †m Zvi Rxebhvc‡b H †mŠ›`h©‡ev‡ai cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvq| Avevi Muv‡q hviv A_©kvjx, Zv‡ì evwoNi cwicvwU K‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K| Kv‡Vi ìRv, Rvbvjvq _v‡K KvV †Lv`vB Kiv, DuPz DuPz n‡q _vKv bvbviKg bKkv, dzj, cvwL I jZvcvZvi Qwe| Zv‡ì evwo‡Z eëüZ LvU, cvjs, †Pqvi, †Uwej, bvbviKg AvmevecÎ, †eZ I euv‡ki ˆZwi wewfbœ mvgMÖx‡Z bvbviKg KviyKvR K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K †mŠ›`h©gwÊZ Kiv nq| kn‡ii ga¨weË ev D”PweËivI Kviywkí‡K bvbvfv‡e eënvi K‡ib Zuv‡ì Rxebhvc‡b| Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b eëüZ wewfbœ mvgMÖxi cÖvq meB Kviywk‡íi AšÍf©y³| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, Kviywkí Avgv‡ì mevi Rxe‡bi mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e wg‡k Av‡Q|

KvR : †Zvgvi evmvq ev evwo‡Z e¨eüZ nq GiKg 5wU Kviywk‡íi bvg †jL|

wkíKjv

cvV : 4 †jvKwkí †jvKwkí g~jZ Kviywk‡íi aviv‡ZB ˆZwi wkíKg©, †hgb Kzgvi hLb gvwUi nuvwo, Kjwm BZ¨vw` evbvq, ZLb Zv Kviywkí| GB nuvwo-cvwZ‡j is K‡i Zv‡Z bKkv ev Qwe Gu‡K hLb G‡K k‡Li nuvwo evbv‡bv nq, ZLb nq †jvKwkí| Z‡e †jvKwk‡íi mv‡_ Kviywk‡íi cv_©K¨ n‡jv, Kviywkí `¶ KvwiM‡ii ˆZwi Ges Zv eënvwiK cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq| Ab¨w`‡K †jvKwkí mvaviY gvby‡li ˆZwi wkímvgMÖx| †hgb MÖv‡gi mvaviY †g‡q‡ì ˆZwi bKwkKuv_v| Kuv_vq myZvi †duv‡o AZ¨šÍ hZœ I Av‡eM w`‡q dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq Qwe¸‡jv| bKwkKuv_vi eënvwiK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡Q| Avevi gvwU wU‡c wU‡c †hme nvwZ, †Nvov cyZzj BZ¨vw` evbv‡bv nq ev Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †QvUeo nvwZ, †Nvov BZ¨vw` †jvKwk‡íi †Kv‡bv eënvwiK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †bB| ZvB ejv hvq †jvKwk‡íi eënvwiK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv _vK‡Z cv‡i Avevi bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| Muv‡qi †g‡q‡ì ˆZwi iwOb myZv, cvU ev cv‡Ui iwk w`‡q †evbv wewfbœ kZiwÄ, RvqbvgvR, wkKv BZ¨vw` †jvKwk‡íi AšÍf©y³| †jvKwkíx‡ì AvuKv wewfbœ cU, miv, BZ¨vw` QvovI bKwk wcVv, bKwk cvLvmn eû †jvKwkí Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ‡K D¾¡j K‡i‡Q|

KvR: Kviywkí Ges †jvKwk‡íi wgj I Awgj m¤ú‡K© 6wU evK¨ †jL|

Pviy I KviyKjv

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1| gvby‡li g‡bi m„Rbkxj Kg©Kv‡Êi mvgwMÖK i~c n‡”QK. KviyKjv L. b„Z¨Kjv M. wkíKjv N. ev¯‘Kjv 2| gvby‡li m„wó mg¯Í †kªô wkíBK. Kviywk‡íi AšÍM©Z M. †cvkvKwk‡íi AšÍM©Z

L. Pviywk‡íi AšÍM©Z N. †jvKwk‡íi AšÍM©Z

3| bKwkKuv_v, †Ljbv cyZzj, bKwk cvLv G¸‡jvK. Kviywkí L. †jvKwkí M. avZe wkí N. `viywkí 4| b›`b kãwU e¨eüZ nqK. KzrwmZ A‡_© M. my›`i A‡_©

L. †kŠwLb A‡_© N. mvgvwRK A‡_©

5| Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl hv ˆZwi K‡i Zvi cÖv_wgK i~cwU nqK. Lye KwVb L. Lye mij M. Lye my›`i N. Lye RwUj

cÂg Aa¨vq

Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g †h- †Kv‡bv gva¨‡gB Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e| ïaygvÎ †cbwmj ev Kjg w`‡qI †hgb Qwe AvuKv hvq, †Zgwb wewfbœ is, Kqjv GgbwK iwOb KvMR †K‡U AvVv w`‡q jvwM‡qI Qwe AvuKv hvq| BZtc~‡e© Avgiv †cbwmj, KvwjKjg c¨v‡÷j, †cv÷vi is, A¨v‡µwjK is I Rjis m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| G - Aa¨v‡q †Zjis, Gbv‡gj is, cvw÷K is I Ab¨vb¨ gva¨g¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

†Zji‡O AvuKv Qwe

GB Aa¨vq cov †kl Ki‡j AvgivÑ ●

†Zjis I Zvi cÖ‡qvMc×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

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A·vBW is I Gi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

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Gbv‡gj is I Gi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

Pviy I KviyKjv

cvV : 1 Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g m¤ú‡K© c~e©eZ©x †kªwY¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv A‡bK wKQz †R‡bwQ| gva¨g¸‡jvi mv‡_ Av‡Q wewfbœ DcKiY| †hgb: KvMR, †cbwmj, Kvwj-Kjg, Zzwj, †evW©, wK¬c, B‡Rj, K¨vbfvm I wewfbœ cÖKvi is| KvMR Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq GKwU DcKiY| wewfbœ iKg KvMR cvIqv hvq| Avi gva¨g †f‡` KvM‡Ri cÖKviI Avjv`v nq| A_©vr G‡KK gva¨‡gi Rb¨ G‡KK cÖKvi KvMR Dc‡hvMx, cvZjv, †gvUv, LmL‡m, gm„Y, mv`v, a~mi, ev`vwg BZ¨vw` wewfbœ cÖKvi KvM‡R Qwe AvuKv nq| Rjis, †cv÷vi is, Kvwj-Zzwj, Kvwj-Kjg, c¨v‡÷j ev A¨v‡µwjK Kvjv‡iI KvM‡R Qwe AvuKv hvq| KvM‡R ïaygvÎ †cbwmj e¨envi K‡i Av‡jv-Qvqv dzwU‡q Zz‡j mv`vKv‡jv Qwe Ges iwOb †cbwmj e¨envi K‡i iwOb QweI AvuKv m¤¢e|

Qwe AvuKvi †cbwmj I Zzwj †cbwmj, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B Ges 6B mn wewfbœ †MÖW ev gv‡bi n‡q _v‡K| G-mg¯Í †cbwmj eënvi K‡i KvM‡R Qwe AuvKv hvq| G QvovI H Mªy‡ci HB, H1, H2, H3 GiKg k³ wk‡mi †cbwmj cvIqv hvq, †m¸‡jv Qwe AvuKvi †cbwmj bq| Kvwj-Kjg w`‡q gm„Y KvM‡R Qwe AvuKv hvq| Avevi Kvwj-Zzwj w`‡qI wewfbœ cÖKvi KvM‡R Qwe AvuKv hvq| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi †_‡K ïiy K‡i Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvbmn weL¨vZ wkíx‡ì A‡b‡KB Kvwj-Kjg I KvwjZzwj‡Z Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Rjis I †Zjis eënv‡ii Rb¨ Avjv`v Zzwj nq| Kvwj I Rji‡O Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ mvaviY big ck‡gi Zzwj eënvi Kiv nq| †Zjis, A·vBW is ev †ewk AvVv‡jv i‡Oi Rb¨ A‡c¶vK…Z k³ ck‡gi Zzwj eënvi Kiv nq| Zzwji wewfbœ gvc nq| me‡P‡q miy Zzwji b¤î 00 (Wej wR‡iv) Zvici 0, 1, 2 Gfv‡e †gvUv n‡Z n‡Z 20/25 b¤î ch©šÍ gv‡bi Zzwj nq| †cbwmj, KvVKqjv ev Kvwj‡Z mvaviYZ mv`vKv‡jv Qwe AvuKv nq| Z‡e iwOb Qwei Rb¨ is-B cÖavb gva¨g ev DcKiY| is wewfbœ iKg n‡q _v‡K| †hgb: c¨v‡÷j is, Rjis, A¨v‡µwjK is, †cv÷vi is, cvw÷K is, Gbv‡gj is, †Zjis, iwOb A·vBW BZ¨vw`| c~e©eZ©x †kªwY‡Z Avgiv wewfbœ is m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| G- Aa¨v‡q Avgiv †Zjis, Gbv‡gj is, cvw÷K is I iwOb A·vBW m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Rvbe|

†Zjis bvg ï‡bB †evSv hvq, GwU †Zj gva¨‡gi is, A_©vr G - i‡Oi mv‡_ †Z‡ji m¤úK© Av‡Q| †Zjis wZwki †Zj wgwk‡q AvuK‡Z nq Ges Zij Kivi Rb¨ Zviwcb †gkv‡Z nq| c„w_exi eo eo wkíxiv †Zjis gva¨‡g Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb Ges †mme KvjRqx Qwei gva¨‡g Zuviv wkíx wn‡m‡e Agi n‡q Av‡Qb| evsjv‡`kmn mviv we‡k¦i wkíx‡`i Ab¨Zg wcÖq gva¨g n‡”Q †Zjis| †Zjis -Gi Qwei ˆewkó¨ GB †h, Zv kZ kZ eQi a‡i wU‡K _v‡K Ges mwVK cwiPh©v

Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g

Ki‡j i‡Oi D¾¡jZv nvivq bv| ev¯ÍewfwËK Qwe AvuKvi †¶‡Î G is Zzjbvnxb| Z‡e me ai‡bi Qwei Rb¨B †Zjis Dc‡hvMx gva¨g| mvaviYZ wUDe AvKv‡i †QvUeo wewfbœ mvB‡R †Zjis cvIqv hvq| †Zjis -Gi Rb¨ k³ ck‡gi wewfbœ gv‡ci Zzwj cvIqv hvq| †Zji‡O Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ is QvovI Zviwcb, wZwk‡Zj Ges is †Mvjv‡bi Rb¨ GKUzK‡iv nvW©‡evW©, cvB‡evW© ev Kvjvi †cU cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ K¨vbfv‡m (Kv‡Vi †d«‡g AvUKv‡bv k³ Kvco) †Zji‡Oi Qwe AvuKv nq| Z‡e nvW©‡evW©, cvB‡evW© ev Kv‡Vi IciI †Zji‡O AvuKv m¤¢e| GgbwK k³ †gvUv KvM‡RI †Zj is e¨envi Kiv hvq| Z‡e GLb †Zji‡Oi Rb¨ Avjv`v KvMR ˆZwi nq|

eënviwewa †Zjis hw` K¨vbfv‡m eënvi Kiv nq, Z‡e cÖ_‡gB K¨vbfvm‡K AvuKvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i wb‡Z nq| mv`v K¨vbfvm Kvco cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv gv‡c Kv‡Vi †d«‡g Pviw`‡K ZviKvUv w`‡q UvbUvb K‡i AvU‡K wb‡Z nq| Zvici mv`v wRsK A·vBW I AvBKv Mvg wgwk‡q †c÷ ˆZwi K‡i K¨vbfv‡m fv‡jvfv‡e †jcb Ki‡Z nq hv‡Z Kvc‡oi wQ`ª¸‡jv eÜ n‡q hvq| Gici is ïKv‡j K¨vbfvm UvbUvb gm„Y Ges Qwe AuvKvi Dc‡hvMx n‡q I‡V| ZLb G‡Z Qwe AvuKv nq| †Zji‡O Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ †h - †Kv‡bv is eënv‡ii †¶‡Î cÖ_‡g Mvp is †_‡K µgk nvjKv ev jvBU i‡O †h‡Z nq A_©vr welq‡K dzwU‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zvi Mfxi Qvqv ev Mvp eY©wU cÖ_‡g cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| Zvici †mLvb †_‡K nvjKv is cª‡qvM K‡i jvBU †ei Ki‡Z nq| †Zj ïKv‡Z mgq jv‡M e‡j GKwU i‡Oi Dci Ab¨ is cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq| is ïKv‡j cybivq KvR Kiv hvq| G - Kvi‡Y †Zji‡O Qwe AvuK‡Z A‡bK mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| i‡Oi mv‡_ cwigvYg‡Zv wZwk‡Zj Ges Zij Kivi Rb¨ Zviwcb †Zj †gkv‡Z nq|

Gbv‡gj is Gbv‡gj isI †Zj gva¨‡gi is| Gbv‡gj -Gi mv‡_ Zviwcb wgwk‡q Zij Kiv hvq| G - is mvaviYZ wUb, †jvnv, nvW©‡evW©, cv÷v‡ii †`qvj BZ¨vw`‡Z eënvi Kiv nq| Zv Qvov euvk, Kv‡VI eënvi Kiv hvq| Z‡e Gbv‡gj is w`‡q nvW©‡evW©, Kvco, wUb, KvV BZ¨vwì Dci Qwe AvuKv hvq| wiKkvi wcQ‡b Avgiv †h - Qwe †`wL, †h¸‡jv wiKkv †cBw›Us wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Zv Gbv‡gj Kvjv‡i AvuKv nq| Avgv‡ì †`‡k mvaviYZ mvBb‡evW© I Ab¨vb¨ cÖPvigva¨‡gi Kv‡R GB is eënvi Kiv nq| GB is †QvUeo wewfbœ AvK…wZ‡Z †KŠUvq msiw¶Z Ae¯’vq evRv‡i cvIqv hvq|

iwOb A·vBW I cvw÷K is iwOb A·vBW I cvw÷K is g~jZ AvVv I is-Gi mv‡_ cvwb wgwk‡q ˆZwi nq| cvw÷K is wewfbœ †k‡W †KŠUvq cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ cvKv fe‡bi †`qv‡j GB is e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e G- is w`‡q Kvc‡o ev k³ †ev‡W© Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e| Ab¨w`‡K wewfbœ iwOb A·vBW cvDWvi wn‡m‡e evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| Zvi mv‡_ cwigvYg‡Zv AvBKv Mvg I cvwb wgwk‡q Qwe AvuKv hvq| cvw÷K is Nb n‡jB A¨v‡µwjK is n‡q hvq| lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ ch©vqµ‡g Avgiv wewfbœ is I Gi e¨enviwewa m¤ú‡K© Rvbjvg| ev¯Íe‡¶‡Î Gi cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡gB Gmg¯Í is m¤ú‡K© Avgiv m¤ú~Y©i~‡c aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvie|

Pviy I KviyKjv

bgybv cÖkœ mwVK DË‡i wUKwPý (

) `vI

K. Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx †cbwmj n‡jvÑ 2B/H2/HB L. Rjis e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb- big ck‡gi Zzwj/ k³ ck‡gi Zzwj/ †gvUv ck‡gi Zzwj| M. Kvwj-Kj‡g Qwe AvuKv hvqÑ n¨vÛ‡gW KvM‡R/ gm„Y KvM‡R/ e·‡ev‡W©| N. †Zjis e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbÑ †K‡ivwmb †Zj/ wZwk †Zj/ bvwi‡Kj †Zj| O. K¨vbfvm n‡jvÑ KvV I †ev‡W© ˆZwi/ KvV I wU‡bi ˆZwi/ KvV I Kvc‡oi ˆZwi|

wgjKiY evg

Wvb

K. Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq GKwU DcKiY

Kvwj, Kjg I Kvwj Zzwj‡Z Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb|

L. me‡P‡q miy Zzwji b¤^i

Rj wgwk‡q

M. cvw÷K i‡O Qwe AvuK‡Z nq

†Zj gva¨‡gi is

N. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvb

Wej wR‡iv (00)

O. Gbv‡gj is

KvMR

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 1. †Zjis m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2. †Zjis-Gi e¨enviwewa eY©bv Ki| 2. Gbv‡gj is m¤ú‡K© †jL| 4. iwOb A·vBW I cvw÷K is m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki|

lô Aa¨vq

welqwfwËK Qwe Qwe hv wb‡q AvuKv nq, †mUvB Qwei welq| Z‡e welqwfwËK Qwe ej‡Z Avgiv eywS †Kv‡bv we‡kl welq‡K ev NUbv‡K wb‡q Avgiv hLb Qwe AuvwK| †hgbÑ welq n‡Z cv‡i gyw³hy×, weRqwèm, knx`wèm wKsev evsjv beel©, êkvLx †gjv BZ¨vw`| welqwfwËK Qwe AuvKvi c~‡e© mswkó welq m¤ú‡K© ev H NUbv m¤ú‡K© AuvwK‡qi my¯úó aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| ZvB ïiy‡ZB welq‡K fv‡jvfv‡e ey‡S wb‡q Qwe AuvK‡Z n‡e|

Kg©iZ gvby‡li Abykxjb Avgv‡ì Pviw`‡K cÖwZw`b KZiK‡gi Kg©iZ gvbyl †`wL| Kzwj, gRyi, wiKkvIqvjv, †VjvIqvjv, †dwiIqvjv AviI A‡bK Kg©iZ gvbyl †`L‡Z cvB| †iv‡` cy‡o, e„wó‡Z wf‡R AviI A‡bK iK‡gi cÖvK…wZK cÖwZK~jZvq Zv‡ì Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z nq| †mme Kg©iZ gvby‡li bvbviKg cÖKvkfw½ Zv‡ì MwZgq c_Pjv‡K Mfxifv‡e †`‡L AvuKe Ges GBme Kg©iZ gvby‡li Qwe mK‡ji mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i Zv‡ì Kómva¨ Rxe‡bi K_v Rvbv‡Z cvie|

Kg©iZ gvbyl

Pviy I KviyKjv

gvbyl I wewfbœ cÖvYxi Qwe AuvKvi Abykxjb

Dc‡ii wPÎ¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv Kx †`LwQ? KZ¸‡jv †iLvi AuvP‡o AuvKv gvby‡li bvbv fw½gvi MwZgq i~c| A_©vr gvbyl hLb Pjv‡div wKsev †`Šov‡bvi mgq Zvi kix‡ii g‡a¨ nv‡oi KvVv‡gvwUi Kx cwieZ©b nq| GB Ae¯’v¸‡jv hLb Avgiv †ewk †ewk ch©‡e¶Y Kie ZLb nv‡oi GB KvVv‡gvi Dci gvs‡mi ¯Íi w`‡jB Qwei Avmj i~c dz‡U DV‡e| Pjgvb A_ev MwZgq welqe¯‘i wPÎv¼‡b hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e †iLv Uvb‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRb `ªyZ MwZi †`Lv|

welqwfwËK Qwe

Avevi w¯’i wel‡qi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRb axiMwZi| wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv g‡Wj ev †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K ewm‡q axiMwZi †iLv w`‡q AuvK‡Z n‡e|

wewfbœ cÖvYx AuvKvi Abykxjb gvby‡li Qwe AuvKv Avq‡Ë G‡j Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi wPÎ A¼‡b Avgv‡`i we‡kl †eM †c‡Z n‡e bv| H mKj cÖvYxi MwZwewa I AvKvi-AvK…wZ, cÖK…wZ †R‡b wewfbœ Ae¯’vq fv‡jv K‡i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i AuvK‡Z Af¨¯Í n‡j GKUv mgq †hmKj cÖvYx mvaviYZ Avgiv me mgq †`wL Zv AuvK‡Z cvie| wb‡P K‡qKwU cÖvYxi †iLvwPÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv- hv Avgv‡`i cÖvYxi Qwe AuvK‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|

Pviy I KviyKjv

KvR : †Zvgvi †`Lv GKRb Kg©iZ gvby‡li Qwe Ges Zvi cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡ek Zz‡j a‡i GKwU wPÎ A¼b Ki| KvR : wZbwU wfbœ wfbœ fw½‡Z wZbRb gvby‡li wPÎ A¼b Ki|

welqwfwËK Qwe

bgybv cÖkœ iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 1| bKkv A¼‡bi †¶Î¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Zzwg hv Rvb †jL| 2| †Zvgvi fv‡jvjvMv GKwU †¶Î wba©viY K‡i †mLv‡b KxiKg bKkv A¼b Kiv hvq- 8" x10" gv‡c Zv Gu‡K †`LvI|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ AbšÍ I wjDbv `yB fvB‡evb| AvR ïµevi we`¨vjq QywU| `yR‡b fvej AvR Qwe AuvK‡e| cÖkœ n‡jv Kx welq wb‡q Qwe AuvK‡e| K. AbšÍ I wjDbv `yRb `yR‡bi Kx ? L. QywUi w`‡b Zv‡`i Kx B‡”Q n‡jv ? M. Qwe AuvKvi †¶‡Î wel‡qi ¸iyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| N. ÔQwei wel‡qi mv‡_ wkíxi wPšÍvi MfxiZvÕ K_vwU we‡klY Ki|

mßg Aa¨vq

wewfbœ gva¨‡gi wkíKg©

GB Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv Ñ ●

Kv‡Vi wRwbm ˆZwi Kivi wKQy nvwZqvi m¤^‡Ü Rvbe|

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KvV w`‡q ax‡i ax‡i cyZzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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Kv‡Vi †Nvov ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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KvV †K‡U bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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gvwUi KvR Kivi †QvULv‡Uv nvwZqvi m¤^‡Ü Rvbe|

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gvwUi K‡qj, dzj`vwb, cyZzj I wewfbœ iKg Kviywkí ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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gvwUi K‡qj w`‡q gm„Y cvÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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gvwUi dj‡K wPÎ I bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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gvwU w`‡q fv¯‹h© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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†ej ev K`‡e‡ji †Lvjm w`‡q cyZzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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bvwi‡K‡ji gvjv w`‡q bKkv ev †cv‡U©ªU Ki‡Z cvie |

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cvjK w`‡q dzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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fvOv †c‡Ui UzK‡iv w`‡q †gvRvBK Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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wb‡R‡`i Kíbvkw³ LvwU‡q Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmI ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

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cvj‡Ki ˆZwi dzj w`‡q Ni mvRv‡Z Ges Dcnvi w`‡Z cvie|

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†djbv Dj ev cvU w`‡q nuv‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

wewfbœ gva¨‡gi wkíKg©

cvV : 1 KvMR I †evW© KvMR w`‡q wkíKg© RxebhvÎvi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZw`b KZfv‡e †h Avgiv KvMR eënvi KiwQ Zv e‡j †kl Kiv hv‡e bv | KvMR‡K mf¨Zvi evnb ej‡j fyj n‡e bv| cov‡jLvi eBLvZv †_‡K ïiy K‡i gywì †`vKv‡bi †VvOv ch©šÍ ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi nvRv‡iv cÖ‡qvR‡b KvMR eënvi nq | lô I mßg †kªwY‡Z KvMR w`‡q wKQy wkíKg© Ki‡Z wk‡LwQ? Gevi wKQy eënvh© wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv Ges KvM‡Ri mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wKQy KvR wkLe| KvR¸‡jv wkL‡j Zv wb‡Ri e¨w³MZ cÖ‡qvR‡b †Zv jvM‡eB, cvkvcvwk m„RbkxjZvI e„w× cv‡e| wewfbœ Kv‡R Avgiv wewfbœ iKg KvMR eënvi Kwi| †hgbÑ Bb‡fjvc ˆZwii Rb¨ mvaviY †jLvi KvMR ev Ad‡mU †ccvi, Avevi eB-LvZv evuavB Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv k³ KvMR, †evW© KvMR, wcP‡evW© BZ¨vw` Ges A¨vjevg ˆZwii Rb¨ a~mi i‡Oi k³ †evW© KvMR, wcP‡evW©, bKkv-Kiv gv‡e©j KvMR BZ¨vw`| Kx ai‡bi KvMR eënvi Kiv n‡e Zv cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †e‡Q †be| Avmj K_v n‡jv †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †Kvb wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv hvq Zv †R‡b †bIqv|

cvV : 2, 3, 4 I 5 †evW© KvMR w`‡q wewfbœ wkíKg© k³ mv`v KvM‡R cvwL gvQ ev †h-†Kv‡bv RxeRšÍyi Qwe Gu‡K †K‡U wbB| Qwei Dfq cv‡k is Kwi| Gevi Qwe¸‡jvi Dciw`KUvq j¤^v my‡Zv w`‡q AvUwK‡q wbB| Pvi-cvuPwU Qwe KvwVi gv_vq my‡Zvi KvwV¸‡jv AvovAvwo a‡i k³ my‡Zv ev Zvi w`‡q †eu‡a w`B| Dc‡ii w`KUv aivi myweavi Rb¨ myZv j¤^v ivwL| DcKiY

Pviy I KviyKjv

†evW© KvMR I Kvco w`‡q wkíKg©

wewfbœ gva¨‡gi wkíKg©

†evW© KvMR w`‡q gRv`vi †Ljbv¸‡jv Qwe †`‡L ˆZwi Kwi

cvV : 6 Kv‡Vi ˆZwi wkíKg© cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB Avgv‡ì †`‡k KvV w`‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi wkíKg© ˆZwi n‡q Avm‡Q| †cvovgvwUi djKwP‡Îi gva¨‡g Avgiv †hgb Avgv‡ì cÖvPxb wkíK‡g©i wb`k©b cvB, wVK †Zgwb cvB Kv‡Vi g~wZ©, KviyKvh©LwPZ ¯Í¤¢, _vg, †ZviY, ìRv, AvmevecÎ I Ab¨vb¨ eënvwiK wRwb‡m| Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rv`yNi I Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vbxq HwZnvwmK Rv`yN‡i GiKg A‡bK wb`k©b Av‡Q| †h-†Kv‡bv †gjvq †M‡jB Avgiv Kv‡Vi ˆZwi n‡iK iK‡gi cyZzj, nvwZ, †Nvov BZ¨vw` bvbv cÖKvi †Ljbv †`L‡Z cvB| GK mgq AvgivI nq‡Zv GiKg wKQy Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †Ljbv, †h¸‡jv w`‡q †Ljv Ki‡Z LyeB gRv cvB| hw` wb‡Ri nv‡Z KvV w`‡q Ggwb GKwU cyZzj, †Ljbv wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv my›ì wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j

Pviy I KviyKjv

Lye Avb›` n‡e| Gevi KvV,evuk w`‡q †cbwmj e· BZ¨vw` wewfbœ wRwbm ˆZwi Kivi c×wZ †R‡b wbB| cÖv_wgK chv©‡q Kv‡Vi cyZzj, cïcvwL BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Lye big KvVB me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| big KvV mn‡RB wb‡Ri B‡”Qg‡Zv KvU‡Z cvie| Avgv‡`i †`‡k mn‡R I Kg `v‡g †hme KvV cvIqv hvq Zvi g‡a¨ wkgyj I K`g KvVB me‡P‡q big I myjf| ZvB cyZz‡ji Rb¨ wkgyj wKsev K`g KvV †RvMvo Kwi| wKQy-wKQy Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ÔcvB-DWÕ (Ply-Wood) e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| ÔcvB-DWÕ n‡jv cvZjv cvZjv KvV GKwUi Ici Av‡iKwU ewm‡q †Rvov w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv Z³v|

DcKiY Kv‡Vi wkíK‡g©i Rb¨ KvVB †h cÖavb DcKiY Zv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv| Gevi †hme KvR Kie Zvi Rb¨ wkgyj I K`g KvV wKsev GiKg big †Kv‡bv KvV, ÔcvB-DWÕ †cwjMvg wKsev AvBKv AvVv, wkixl KvMR, fvOv Kv‡Pi UzK‡iv, PvBwbR †jKvi wKsev Gbv‡gj is BZ¨vw`| nvZzwo, wewfbœ ai‡bi evUvwj, aviv‡jv k³ Qywi, nvZ Kiv, †jvnv KvUvi KivZ Ôn¨vK-m¨Õ (Hack-saw) †d«U-m¨Õ (Frat Saw) †¯‹j, Zzwj BZ¨vw`| Ô†d«U-m¨Õ n‡jv cvZjv Kv‡V bKkv wbgv©‡Yi Rb¨ †d«‡g AvuUv AwZ miy KivZ we‡kl|

cvV : 7 Kv‡Vi cyZzj KvV w`‡q cÖ_‡g Lye mnR GKUv cyZzj ˆZwi Kwi| Szwo gv_vq GKwU bvix| GB cyZz‡ji Rb¨ 3 †mwg. cyiy, 3 †mwg. PIov I 15 †mwg. j¤^v GK UzK‡iv Kv‡Vi wRwbm ˆZwi Kivi wKQy nvwZqvi big KvV wbB| K`g wKsev wkgyj KvV GiKg Kv‡R Lye Dc‡hvMx| aviv‡jv evUvwj w`‡q †V‡j †V‡j cÖ_‡g Kv‡Vi wki PviwU †g‡i w`B| Gevi Lye mveav‡b Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †K‡U hvB, hZ¶Y bv K‡Vi UzK‡ivwU miy iyjv‡ii g‡Zv AvMv‡Mvov mgvbfv‡e †Mvj n‡q hvq| †Mvj K‡i KvUvi ci Kv‡Vi UzK‡ivwUi e¨vm n‡jv †gvUvgywU 3 †mwg. Avi j¤^v iBj 15 †mwg.| †¯‹j w`‡q cÖ_‡g wVK mv‡o mvZ †mw›UwgUvi †g‡c Kv‡Vi Pvicvk Nywi‡q `vM w`B| `v‡Mi Ic‡i wb‡P `ycv‡kB mv‡o mvZ †mw›UwgUvi K‡i KvVwU `yfvM n‡q †Mj| Gevi gv‡Si `vM †_‡K Ic‡ii w`‡K cÖ_‡g mv‡o wZb †mw›UwgUvi Zvici Avi AvovB †mw›UwgUvi †g‡c Pviw`K Nywi‡q `vM w`B| †`wL, †cbwm‡ji `vM w`‡q KvVwU †gvU Pvifv‡M fvM n‡q †Mj| cÖ_g fv‡M †`o †mw›UwgUvi Ges PZz_© fv‡M mv‡o

mvZ †mw›UwgUvi| †jvnv KvUvi KivZ ev Ôn¨vK-m¨Õ w`‡q †cbwm‡ji me KqwU `vMeivei Kv‡Vi Pviw`‡K Nywi‡q mvgvb¨ Mfxi K‡i KvwU| KvUvi MfxiZv †hb Pviw`‡KB mgvb nq| QwewU fv‡jv K‡i jÿ Kwi Ges Qwe‡Z cÖ`wk©Z wb`k©b Abyhvqx aviv‡jv evUvwj w`‡q †V‡j Kv‡Vi Pviw`K Nywi‡q LvuR KvwU| LvuR KvUvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡j aviv‡jv QywiiI eënvi Ki‡Z cvwi| me KqwU LvuR KvUv n‡q †M‡j †gvUvgywUfv‡e GKwU cyZz‡ji Av`j G‡m †M‡Q| Szwo gv_vq †Kv‡bv bvixi g‡Zv| wkixl KvMR w`‡q N‡l cyZzjwU‡K gm„Y Kwi| gm„Y Kivi ci †S‡o-gy‡Q cyZzjwU‡K cwi®‹vi K‡i wbB hv‡Z Gi Mv‡q Kv‡Vi †Kv‡bv KYv ev ayjv †j‡M bv _v‡K| Qy‡Zvi wgw¯¿i Kzu`b hš¿ (Turning implement) eënvi K‡i GiKg GKwU cyZzj cvuP-Qq wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B ˆZwi Kiv hvq| fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bvw`b GB h‡š¿i eënvi wkL‡Z cvi‡j Lye mn‡R Aí mg‡q GiKg A‡bK wKQy ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

KvVLÛ †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i cyZz‡ji i~c †`qv n‡q‡Q

Gevi cyZzjwU is Kivi cvjv| Kx Kx is jvMve cyZz‡ji Mv‡q? cyZz‡ji gy‡L I kix‡i nvjKv njy` is, kvwoi Rb¨ jvj is, kvwo‡Z mv`v i‡Oi bKkv Avi Kv‡jv I mv`v is wgwj‡q cvo| Zvici Kv‡jv is w`‡q Pzj, bvK I †PvL, jvj is w`‡q †VvuU Avi ev`vwg i‡Oi Szwo| c‡i AviI wKQy cyZzj ˆZwi K‡i Avgv‡ì cQ›`g‡Zv wewfbœ is jvMv‡Z cvie| meyR kvwo, bxj kvwo, †e¸wb kvwo KZiKg is jvMv‡bv hv‡e| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv is jvMvevi Av‡M cyZz‡ji mviv kix‡i nvjKv njy` is jvwM‡q fv‡jv K‡i ïwK‡q †bevi ci kvwo, Pzj I †PvL-gy‡Li is †è| is Kivi Rb¨ †gvUv I miy `yiK‡gi Zzwj eënvi Kie| †gvUv Zzwj w`‡q Szwo, Pyj, gyL, kixi I kvwo‡Z is jvMv‡bvi ci miy Zzwj

Pviy I KviyKjv

w`‡q bvK, †PvL , †VvuU , kvwoi cvo I bKkv Avi Szwoi eybb AvuKe| miy Zzwj w`‡q me KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j is mgvbfv‡e jvM‡e bv| †KŠUvi PvBwbR †jKvi ev Gbv‡gj is †ewk Nb n‡j mvgvb¨ Zviwcb wgwk‡q GKUz cvZjv K‡i †be wKšÍy †ewk cvZjv Kie bv| is Kiv †kl n‡j †`wL my›`i GKUv cyZzj ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|

cvV : 8 Kv‡Vi †Nvov cyZzj I cvwLi g‡Zv Lye mn‡RB GKwU †Nvov ˆZwii †Póv Kwi| †Nvovi Rb¨ 2 †mwg. cyiy, 10 †mwg. PIov I 16 †mwg. j¤^v GK UzK‡iv big KvV wbB| Kv‡Vi `ywcV N‡l gm„Y Kwi| Kv‡Vi mgvb gv‡ci KvM‡Ri Ici Qwe †`‡L Abyi~c GKwU †Nvovi Qwe AuvwK| Kve©b KvMR w`‡q Kv‡Vi Ici †Nvovi Qwei Qvc Zywj| Qv‡ci †iLv eivei Ô†d«U-m¨Õ w`‡q †K‡U †NvovwU Avjv`v K‡i †dwj| Qwe‡Z †Nvovi wbgv©Y- †KŠk‡ji ch©vq¸‡jv µgvbymv‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| µgvš^‡q GK - GKwU chv©‡qi Qwe gb w`‡q †`wL Ges Zv AbymiY K‡i cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv †mvRv I evuKv gy‡Li evUvwj w`‡q †V‡j †V‡j GKUz GKUz K‡i †K‡U wKQyUv †MvjvK…wZ Kwi| Zvici †Nvovi †Kk‡ii AskwU `ywcV †_‡K †K‡U †K‡U cvZjv K‡i Avav †mw›UwgUv‡ii KvQvKvwQ wb‡q Avwm| Kvb `ywU ev` w`‡q †Kki cvZjv Kie| †j‡Ri AskwU †K‡U cvZjv K‡i GK †mw›UwgUv‡i Kie| gv_vi Kcv‡ji w`KUv cyiy _vK‡e wKšÍy gy‡Li w`KUv wKQy cvZjv n‡q hv‡e| gy‡Li wb‡P Mjvi w`KUv gy‡Li †_‡K mvgvb¨ cvZjv I wKQyUv †MvjvK…wZ Kwi| mvg‡bi `ywU cv †evSvevi Rb¨ cv‡qi As‡ki `ywc‡V mvgvb¨ LvuR †K‡U w`B| †cQ‡bi cv `ywUi Rb¨I Zv-B Kwi| Kvb `ywUi gvSLvbUv †Kk‡ii mxgv‡iLv ch©šÍ mvgvb¨ †K‡U Avjv`v K‡i w`B| hLbB †hLv‡b KvUe `ywcV †_‡K mgvbfv‡e KvUe, Zvn‡j †Nvov †h cvk †_‡KB †`wL bv †Kb `ycvk mgvb †`Le| 1 †mwg. cyiy, 5 †mwg. PIov I 11 †mwg. j¤^v GK UzK‡iv Kv‡Vi Ici Pvicv‡k mgvb RvqMv †Q‡o Kv‡Vi †Nvov ˆZwi †NvovwU‡K `vuo Kwi‡q wbP w`K †_‡K mvg‡bi I †cQ‡bi cv - eivevi miy ZviKvUv †g‡i AvUwK‡q w`B| GLb †NvovwU‡K †hLv‡bB ivwL bv †Kb mvgvb¨ bovPov‡ZI c‡o hv‡e bv| wkixl KvMR w`‡q N‡l †NvovwU‡K gm„Y K‡i PvBwbR †jKvi wKsev Gbv‡gj is w`‡q Avgvi cQ›`g‡Zv is K‡i wbB|

cvV : 9 Kv‡Vi bKkv KvV †K‡U bKkv ˆZwi wewfbœfv‡e eënvi Kiv hvq| GKevi bKkv KvUvi †KŠkjUv AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv cÖ‡qvM K‡i n‡iK iKg wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| bKkv †K‡U †hgb N‡ii mvRm¾vi wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie †Zgwb AvmevecÎ, ìRvi c¨v‡bj I Ab¨vb¨ eënvh© wRwb‡mi †kvfvea©‡bi Kv‡RI eënvi Ki‡Z cvie| KvV †K‡U bKkv ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M bKkvwU KvM‡R Gu‡K wb‡Z n‡e| hZ eo bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z PvB

wVK ZZ eo K‡i

cQ›`g‡Zv GKwU bKkv AvuwK| cÖ_g cÖ_g GKUz †gvUv ai‡bi bKkv w`‡q KvR Avi¤¢ Kwi| Kv‡Ri †KŠkj AvqË Kivi ci µ‡g

KvV †K‡U bKkv ˆZwi

µ‡g A‡bK m~² bKkvI ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| bKkvi †fZ‡ii I evB‡ii AcÖ‡qvRbxq KvV †K‡U †d‡j w`‡q bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| AmveavbZvekZ hv‡Z bKkvi KvV KvUv bv c‡o Zvi Rb¨ bKkvi †fZ‡ii AcÖ‡qvRbxq GjvKv †cbwmj ev ej‡c‡bi †iLv w`‡q fwZ© K‡i w`‡j AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask mn‡R †Pv‡L co‡e, fyj nIqvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡e bv| bKkv KvUvi Rb¨ wZb ev Pvi ciZ -Gi fv‡jv cvBDW A_ev †gvUvgywUfv‡e Avav †mw›UwgUvi cyiy fv‡jv big KvV wbB| wkixl KvMR w`‡q N‡l Kv‡Vi `ywcV mvgvb¨ gm„Y Kwi| Kve©b KvMR ewm‡q Kv‡Vi Ici KvM‡R AvuKv bKkvi Qvc Zywj| ej‡c‡bi †iLv w`‡q fwZ© K‡i bKkvi †fZ‡ii AcÖ‡qvRbxq GjvKv wPwýZ Kwi| miy Zzicyb w`‡q AcÖ‡qvRbxq GjvKvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z Gi mxgv‡iLvi Lye KvQvKvwQ RvqMvq Ô†d«U-m¨Õ †XvKvevi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i wQ`ª K‡i wbB| Av‡qvRb meB †kl n‡jv| Gevi bKkv KvUvi cvjv| wkíKjv wkÿK‡`i KvQ †_‡K Ô†d«U-m¨Õ e¨envi Kivi wbqg fv‡jv K‡i †R‡b †be| Ô†d«U-m¨Õ Lye cvZjv Kv‡V bKkv wbgv©‡Yi Rb¨ †d«‡g AvuUv AwZ miy KivZ we‡kl| †d«‡g AvuUv KivZwU †d«g †_‡K †Lvjv hvq, Avevi †d«‡g AvUKv‡bv hvq, Lye Uvb Kiv hvq, GKUz wX‡jI Kiv hvq| `ycv‡k Kvb jvMv‡bv bvU Nywi‡q Gme Kiv hvq| Gevi bKkv KvU‡Z †Póv Kwi| Kiv‡Zi mvg‡bi gv_v †d«g †_‡K AvjMv K‡i Kv‡Vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq GjvKvi GKwU wQ‡`ªi †fZi w`‡q XywK‡q gv_vwU Avevi †d«‡g AvUwK‡q wbB| bvU

Pviy I KviyKjv

Nywi‡q KivZwU h_vm¤¢e Uvb K‡i wbB| gvÎvwZwi³ Uvb Ki‡Z †M‡j KivZ wQ‡o †h‡Z cv‡i, Avevi wX‡j _vK‡j KvV KvUvi mgq †f‡O †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Lye mveav‡b KvR Kie| Gevi AcÖ‡qvRbxq GjvKvi mxgv‡iLv eivei Ô†d«U-m¨Õ Pvwj‡q AcÖ‡qvRbxq AskwU †K‡U Avjv`v K‡i †dwj| GKwU Ask KvUv †kl n‡j Kiv‡Zi gv_v †d«g †_‡K AvjMv K‡i KivZwU †ei K‡i Avwb Ges Av‡iKwU AcÖ‡qvRbxq As‡ki wQ`ª w`‡q XywK‡q AvUwK‡q wbB| Gfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨KwU AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask KvUvi ci bKkvi evB‡ii mxgv‡iLv eivei Ô†d«U-m¨Õ Pvwj‡q cyiy bKkvwU †K‡U †ei K‡i †dwj| bKkv ˆZwi n‡jv| Gevi wkixl KvMR w`‡q N‡l Agm„Y RvqMv¸‡jv I GKwU wcV fv‡jvfv‡e gm„Y K‡i wbB| Kv‡Vi is evRvq †i‡L ¯^”Q evwb©‡ki cÖ‡jc w`‡q wbB| bKkvwU M„n m¾vi Kv‡R ev Avmevec‡Îi †kvfvea©‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e|

cvV: 10 gvwUi ˆZwi wkíKg© gvwUi ˆZwi wRwbm Avgiv me mgqB †`wL| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b eënviI Kwi| gvwUi nvuwo-cvwZj, miv, Mvgjv, Kjm, †mvivB, †Lviv, mvbwK, Pvwo, gUwK BZ¨vw` AmsL¨ wRwbm Avgv‡ì wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b hyM hyM a‡i eënvi n‡q Avm‡Q| mf¨Zvi Avw`hyM †_‡K gvbyl gvwUi cvÎ I wewfbœ wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Q| †m¸‡jvi MVb I Mobc×wZ Aek¨B wQj Avw`g ai‡bi| hyM hyM a‡i gvbyl cyiylvbyµwgK AwR©Z Ávb, eyw×, †mŠ›`h©‡eva I Kjv‡KŠkj Kv‡R jvwM‡q gvwUi wkíK‡gi© i~c †mB Avw`g Ge‡ov- †Le‡ov Ae¯’v †_‡K eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq wb‡q G‡m‡Q| AvRKvj Avgiv PxbvgvwUi ˆZwi †hme my›ì my›ì wRwbmcÎ I evmb †Kvmb eënvi Kwi Zv †Zv Avm‡j gvwU w`‡qB ˆZwi| Zv Aek¨ wbLyuZ weï× mv`v gvwU, hvi g‡a¨ gvwUi †gŠwjK Dcv`vb Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb ev †fRvj †bB| gvwU m¤ú‡K© c‡i Avgiv A‡bK wKQyB Rvb‡Z cvie| gvbyl Avw`gKvj †_‡K G ch©šÍ gv_v LvwU‡q gvwUi wRwbm ˆZwi Kivi hZiKg Kjv‡KŠkj Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ PvKvi eënvi mePvB‡Z ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| gvwUi cvÎ ˆZwi Kivi †¶‡Î Kzgv‡ii PvKv †h Kx cÖPÊ MwZ mÂvi K‡i‡Q GKUz wPšÍv Ki‡jB Zv eyS‡Z cvie| B‡Zvg‡a¨ K‡qj c×wZ‡Z gvwUi cvÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z wk‡LwQ| GKwU cvÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z Avgv‡ì cÖvq mvivw`b †j‡M hvq| Kzgviiv wKšÍy Nywi‡q H mg‡q GiKg K‡qK‡kv cvÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kzgvievwo †M‡j †`L‡Z cvie †Pv‡Li wb‡g‡l †Kgb K‡i Zviv GK-GKwU cvÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB e‡j wK gvwUi wkíKg© ˆZwi‡Z K‡qj c×wZ AcÖ‡qvRbxq I A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o‡Q? †gv‡UB bv| †QvU-eo A‡bK wRwbmB Av‡Q hv K‡qj c×wZ‡ZB ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq, PvKv w`‡q Kiv hvq bv| ZvB GB c×wZi ¸iyZ¡I Kg bq| Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q GB c×wZ fv‡jvfv‡e AvqË Ki‡Z cvi‡j Avgiv gvwUi cvÎ QvovI A‡bK my›ì my›ì wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| B‡Zvg‡a¨ gvwUi K‡qj w`‡q Avgiv †hme cvÎ ˆZwi K‡iwQ †m¸‡jvi †fZiw`KB ïay gm„Y K‡iwQ, evB‡ii w`K i‡q‡Q LuvRKvUv| Avgiv nq‡Zv g‡b Ki‡Z cvwi gvwUi K‡qj w`‡q †Kv‡bvwKQy ˆZwi Ki‡j evB‡ii w`KUvq K‡q‡ji LuvR ivL‡ZB nq| bv, GiKg †Kv‡bv wbqg †bB| B”Qv Ki‡jB †fZ‡i evB‡i `yw`‡KB gm„Y Ki‡Z cvwi| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î K‡qj

ˆZwii Rb¨ gvwUi jZvwU †cbwm‡ji †P‡q mvgvb¨ GKUz †gvUv ivL‡Z n‡e| gvwU _vK‡e h_vm¤¢e big| Gevi gvwUi K‡qj w`‡q †fZi-evwni gm„Y GKwU cvÎ ˆZwii †Póv Kwi|

DcKiY I nvwZqvi †h‡nZz gvwUi cvÎ ZvB gvwUB Zvi g~j DcKiY| cvÎ ˆZwii Rb¨ AwZ mvaviY mvgvb¨ wKQy nvwZqv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb, hv Gi Av‡MI Avgiv e¨envi K‡iwQ| Gevi AwZ mvaviY `y-GKUv wRwb‡mi bvg †hvM n‡”Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq nvwZqv‡ii ZvwjKv †R‡b wbB| 1) Kv‡Vi gm„Y †e‡jvb A_ev evu‡ki GKUv †PvOv| 2) evu‡ki PUv w`‡q ˆZwi Qywi| 3) Kv‡Vi cvZjv PUv w`‡q ˆZwi Ôg‡Wwjs UzjÕ| 4) KvV ev evu‡ki KvwVi gv_vq Zvi jvwM‡q ˆZwi Ôg‡Wwjs UzjÕ| 5) †PvLv gv_vi GKwU †QvU Qywi ev PvKz| QywiwU †jvnv KvUvi Kiv‡Zi fvOv UzK‡iv w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

gvwUi wkíKjv ˆZwii Rb¨ wKQy nvwZqvi

cvV : 11 gvwUi K‡qj w`‡q gm„Y cvÎ ˆZwi gvwU w`‡q K‡qj Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq Zv †Zv Avgiv Rvwb| cvÎ ˆZwii KvR Avi¤¢ Kivi Av‡M KvM‡R cvÎwUi Qwe I bKkv Gu‡K wbB| cvÎwU hZ eo n‡e Qwe I bKkv wVK ZZ eo K‡i AvuKe| Zv‡Z Kv‡Ri mgq wKQy¶Y

Pviy I KviyKjv

gvwUi K‡qj ˆZwi Qywi w`‡q dyj`vwbi Zjv †K‡U wb‡Z nq

K‡qj w`‡q A‡bK eo eo cvÎ ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e K‡qj jvMv‡bvi ci cv‡Îi †fZi w`‡Ki `vM wgwj‡q mgvb K‡i w`‡Z nq

cici gvc I Mob bKkvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`L‡Z myweav n‡e| Gevi Kx ai‡bi cvÎ ˆZwi Kie Zv wVK K‡i wbB| GKUv dzj`vwb Kwi, Z‡e mv`vgvUv †PvOvi AvK…wZ bq| dzj`vwbi Mob wb‡Pi w`K †_‡K Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †gvUv n‡q Ic‡ii w`‡K DV‡e| †ek DuPz nIqvi ci Avevi †QvU n‡q GKUv Mjvi g‡Zv n‡e| gy‡Li e¨vm n‡e Mjvi †_‡K mvgvb¨ †ewk| me wgwj‡q dzj`vwbwUi Mob n‡e j¤^v‡U | Mjvq GKUv gvjv Gu‡K w`‡j †ek jvM‡e| dzj`vwbi Qwe I bKkv Gu‡K wbB, Zvici ˆZwii KvR Avi¤¢ Kwi| cÖ_‡g cwigvYg‡Zv gvwU †e‡jvb A_ev evu‡ki †PvOvq †e‡j GK †mw›UwgUvi iywUi g‡Zv ˆZwi K‡i bKkvi gvc Abyhvqx dzj`vwbi Zjvi Rb¨ KvwU| Gevi gvcg‡Zv GKwU gvwUi K‡qj ˆZwi K‡i Zjvi wKbviv eivei emvB| emvevi Av‡M K‡q‡ji wbP I Zjvi wKbviv cvwb w`‡q m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z K‡i wb‡Z fyje bv| cÖ_‡g K‡q‡ji evB‡ii w`‡K evg nv‡Zi gv‡Si AvOyj w`‡q nvjKv Pvc †i‡L Wvb nv‡Zi ZR©bxi gv_v w`‡q GKUz GKUz K‡i †fZ‡ii w`‡Ki gvwU wb‡Pi w`‡K †U‡b bvwg‡q Zjvi mv‡_ K‡qjwU †Rvov w`B| K‡qj †hb m¤ú~Y© †Mvj _v‡K| Gevi evg nv‡Zi gv‡Si AvOyjwU K‡q‡ji †fZ‡ii w`‡K ewm‡q Wvb nv‡Zi ZR©bxi gv_v w`‡q K‡q‡ji evB‡ii w`‡Ki gvwU †U‡b bvwg‡q Zjvi mv‡_ †Rvov wbB| K‡qjwU †fZi-

evwni `yw`‡KB Zjvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q †Mj| bKkv †`‡L gvc Abyhvqx wØZxq K‡qj ˆZwi K‡i cÖ_g K‡q‡ji Ici emvB Ges GKB wbq‡g †fZi I evB‡ii gvwU †U‡b bvwg‡q Zjvi mv‡_ †Rvov w`B| K‡qjwU †fZi-evwni `yw`‡KB Zjvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q †Mj| bKkv †`‡L gvc Abyhvqx wØZxq K‡qj ˆZwi K‡i cÖ_g K‡q‡ji Ici emvB Ges GKB wbq‡g †fZi I evB‡ii gvwU †U‡b bvwg‡q †Rvov w`B| Gfv‡e GKwUi Ici Av‡iKwU K‡qj ewm‡q bKkv Abyhvqx dzj`vwbwU ˆZwi Kwi| K‡qKwU K‡qj emv‡bvi ci GK GK evi Kv‡Vi g‡Wwjs Uzj w`‡q †U‡b I N‡l dzj`vwbi †fZ‡ii I evB‡ii Amgvb gvwU mgvb K‡i †be| GKwU wel‡q Aek¨B Lye mRvM _vK‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv cÖ‡Z¨KwU K‡qj ˆZwii mgq bKkv Abyhvqx gvc †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨KwU K‡qjB wfbœ wfbœ †Kv‡bv `ywU m¤ú~Y©fv‡e GKB gv‡ci bq| wbP †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU K‡q‡j e¨vm GKUz GKUz K‡i †e‡o †e‡o Ic‡ii w`‡K D‡V‡Q Avevi GKUz GKUz K‡i K‡g K‡g Mjvi gvSvgvwS wM‡q GKUz GKUz †e‡o‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU K‡qj emv‡bvi mgq †Rvovi RvqMvUv cvwb w`‡q Aek¨B m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z K‡i †be| Mob †kl Kivi ci Gevi dzj`vwbwU gm„Y Kivi cvjv| †jvnv KvUvi Kiv‡Zi fvOv UzK‡iv w`‡q Lye mn‡RB dzj`vwbi evB‡ii w`KUv gm„Y K‡i wb‡Z cvwi| Kiv‡Zi KvuUv-KvuUv w`K w`‡q Pviw`K †_‡K †U‡b †U‡b †Pu‡Q dzj`vwbi Mvu‡qi DuPz-wbPz gvwU cÖ_‡g mgvb K‡i wbB| Gevi Kiv‡Zi UzK‡ivi †mvRv w`KUv GKUz KvZ K‡i a‡i †U‡b cv‡Îi IciUv nvjKvfv‡e †Pu‡Q gm„Y Kwi| †fRv ¯úÄ ev †dvg wPc‡o wb‡q Zv w`‡‡q mu¨vZ‡mu‡Z Ae¯’vq cvÎwUi Mv N‡l w`B| †`wL cvÎwU AviI gm„Y n‡q †M‡Q| me‡k‡l Qywii †PvLv gv_v w`‡q †Lv`vB K‡i dzj`vwbwUi Mjvi wb‡P gvjvi g‡Zv GKwU AjsKvi Gu‡K w`B| GKwU K_v e‡j ivLv cÖ‡qvRbÑ dzj`vwb ˆZwii KvR GK w`‡b †kl Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j cwjw_b w`‡q Rwo‡q ivLe|

Pviy I KviyKjv

gvwUi dj‡K wPÎ I bKkv ˆZwii wKQy bgybv

dzj`vwbwU GLb Nywi‡qwdwi‡q Lye K‡i j¶ Kwi| †`Le ˆZwi dzj`vwb nq‡Zv Avgvi AvuKv Qwe I bKkvi mv‡_ ûeû wgj‡Q bv| nq‡Zv Mo‡b cv_©K¨ n‡q †M‡Q, †Kv_vI †Kv_vI evuKv n‡q †M‡Q| †nvK bv GiKg, Zv‡Z Kx Av‡m hvq? GKUv dzj`vwb †h ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡j †mUv wK Kg K_v, Kg Avb‡›`i? cÖ_g cÖ_g GiKg n‡eB, Nveovevi wKQyB †bB| A‡bKw`b PPv©i ci meB wVK n‡q hv‡e| Z‡e ˆah© a‡i KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| K‡qj - c×wZ‡Z †h- †Kv‡bv AvK…wZi hZ Lywk eo wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| mevi Av‡M cÖ‡qvRb c×wZwU‡K fv‡jvfv‡e AvqË K‡i †bIqv| Qwei bKkv I bgybv †`‡L cvÎ¸‡jv ˆZwi Ki‡Z †Póv Kwi| knx`wgbvi

cvV : 12 I 13 gvwUi dj‡Ki bKkv †cvovgvwUi dj‡K wkíK‡g©i Rb¨ Avgv‡ì †`k GK mgq LyeB weL¨vZ wQj| †`‡ki cÖvPxb wkíK‡g©i †hme wb`k©b Avgiv GLbI †`L‡Z cvB, ej‡Z †M‡j Zvi cÖvq mewKQyB †cvovgvwUi djKwP‡Îi g‡a¨ c‡o| cvnvocyi I gqbvgwZi †eŠ×wenv‡i cÖvß djKwP‡Î †hme nvRvi eQ‡ii cy‡iv‡bv wkíK‡g©i wb`k©b †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq †Zgwb e¸ovi gnv¯’vbMo, ev‡Minv‡Ui lvUM¤^yR gmwR`, bIMvui Kzmy¤^v gmwR` I w`bvRcy‡ii KvšÍbM‡ii gw›`‡i cÖvq wZb‡kv eQi Av‡M ch©šÍ, µgvbymv‡i cieZx© wewfbœ mg‡qi wkíK‡g©i wb`k©b †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq †cvovgvwUi GB djKwP‡Îi g‡a¨B| Qwe ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gva¨‡g wkíKjv wel‡q cÖvPxb HwZ‡nï †Zgb †Kv‡bv wb`k©b Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB bv| Gevi wbðqB eyS‡Z cviwQ Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q HwZn¨MZfv‡e †cvovgvwUi wP‡Îi ¸iyZ¡ KZ †ewk| Zvn‡j gvwUi dj‡K GKwU Qwe ˆZwi Kwi| DcKiY I nvwZqvi jvM‡e dyj`vwbi ˆZwi Kivi mgq hv eënvi K‡iwQ ZvB| bZz‡bi g‡a¨ GK †mw›UwgUvi cyiy †¯‹‡ji g‡Zv j¤^v `ywU Kv‡Vi iyj n‡j Kv‡Ri myweav n‡e| gvwUi dj‡K Qwe ˆZwi Kivi Av‡M QwewU KvM‡R Gu‡K wb‡Z n‡e| gvbyl, cï, cvwL Avgv‡ì hv Lywk Zv AvuK‡Z cvwi| gvwUi dj‡K hZ eo Qwe Kie wVK ZZ eo Qwe AvuwK| ZiKvwii Szwo gv_vq jyw½ civ GKwU Mvu‡qi †jvK AvuwK| Lye fv‡jv n‡e| †jvKwUi Pvicv‡k wKQy RvqMv †i‡L Qwei †d«‡gi g‡Zv eW©vi w`B| GKUz cvZjv KvM‡Ri Ici Kve©b KvM‡Ri mvnv‡h¨ eWv©imn Qwei GKwU Abywjwc ev Kwc K‡i eWv©i eivei gvwUi dj‡K wPÎ I bKkv ˆZwii wKQy bgybv Pvwiw`‡K †K‡U ivwL| Gevi cvuP Qq †mw›UwgUvi e¨v‡mi GK `jv big gvwU wbB| wm‡g‡›Ui †g‡Si Ici wKsev wcuwoi Ici †i‡L cÖ_‡g nvZ w`‡q †P‡c GKUz P¨vcUv K‡i wbB| †e‡jvb A_ev evu‡ki †Pv½v w`‡q GB P¨vcUv Kiv gvwU †e‡j, GK †mw›UwgUvi cyiy iywUi g‡Zv gvwUi ¯¨ve ev djK ˆZwi Kwi| gvwU †ejvi mgq GK †mw›UwgUvi cyiy Kv‡Vi iyj `ywU gvwUi `ycv‡k ewm‡q, Zvi Ici Avgvi Qwei Kve©b Kwc emvB| †¯‹j a‡i KvM‡Ri eWv©i- eivei Qywii gv_v w`‡q Pviw`‡KiI evowZ gvwU †K‡U w`B, Gevi †PvLv K‡i KvUv †cbwm‡ji gv_v nvjKvfv‡e Qwei Ici w`‡q Pvwj‡q hvB, hv‡Z wb‡Pi gvwU‡Z nvjKv `vM c‡‡o| m¤ú~Y© Qwei Ici w`‡q †cbwmj Pvjv‡bv †kl n‡q †M‡j KvMRwU gvwUi Ici †_‡K Zz‡j wbB| †`wL, gvwUi dj‡Ki Ici Qwei my›ì Qvc c‡o †M‡Q| cÖ_g hLb gvwUi KvR wkL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡iwQjvg ZLb big gvwUi †Xjv Lvwjnv‡Z †P‡c, †U‡b I wU‡c wU‡c Kxfv‡e wewfbœ AvK…wZi cyZzj, nvwZ, †Nvov ˆZwi K‡iwQ Zv Avgv‡ì g‡b Av‡Q| GLb gvwUi dj‡K Qwe ˆZwii mgq †Zvgvi †mB AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvMv‡Z n‡e| KvM‡R cÖ_g †h - QwewU Gu‡KwQ Zv mvg‡b ivwL| Gevi big gvwU wbB Ges Qwe †`‡L wU‡c wU‡c chv©qµ‡g gvbylwUi gv_v, kixi, nvZ, cv, jyw½ BZ¨vwì Av`‡j GK-GKwU Ask ˆZwi K‡i gvwUi dj‡K emvevi ci Av‡iKwU Ask ˆZwi K‡i emve| G¸‡jv hv‡Z dj‡Ki Ici fv‡jvfv‡e wg‡jwg‡k em‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ wb‡Pi w`KUv P¨vcUv ev mgvb K‡i wbB, Ic‡ii w`KUv kix‡ii Mob Abyhvqx n‡e| dj‡Ki †hLv‡b hLb GK-GKwU Ask emve ZLb Qwei Qvc Abyhvqx dj‡Ki H RvqMvUvq GKUzLvwb cvwb jvwM‡q evu‡ki †PvLv Qywi w`‡q AvuP‡o

Pviy I KviyKjv

gvwUi dj‡K wPÎ ˆZwii wKQz bgybv

AvuP‡o wKQyUv Kv`v Kv`v K‡i wb‡q Z‡e emve| ewm‡q GKUz Pvc w`B hv‡Z AskwU fv‡jvfv‡e e‡mI wb‡P evZvm _vK‡Z bv cv‡i| j¶ Kwi Pvc †Ìqvi mgq wbP †_‡K wKQy-wKQy Kv`v †ewi‡q Avm‡Q| evu‡ki Qywii †PvLv gv_v w`‡q †U‡b Kv`vUzKz mgvb K‡i w`B| Gfv‡e dj‡Ki Ici gvwU ewm‡q Qwe ˆZwii KvR m¤úbœ K‡i wbB| Gevi †`wL, gvwUi dj‡Ki Ici ZiKvwii Szwo gv_vq jyw½ civ Mv‡qi †jvKwUi Qwe †Kgb my›ìfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Qwe ˆZwii KvR wKšÍy GLbI cy‡ivcywi †kl nqwb| QwewU Nywi‡qwdwi‡q Lye fv‡jv K‡i †`wL| †Kv_vI GKUz gvwU jvwM‡q wKsev jvMv‡Z n‡j RvqMvUv cvwb w`‡q GKUz m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z K‡i gvwU jvMvB| Mob wVK Kivi ci Qwei Pviw`‡K dj‡Ki wKbviv eivei `yB †mw›UwgUvi PIov I cÖvq GK †mw›UwgUvi DuPz K‡i gvwU ewm‡q †d«‡gi g‡Zv Kwi| Gevi evu‡ki Qywi w`‡q Lye mveav‡b GKUz GKUz K‡i †Pu‡Q †d«gmn QwewU‡K gm„Y K‡i wbB| gm„Y Kivi ci Qywii †PvLv gv_v w`‡q †Lv`vB K‡i †jvKwUi †PvL, gyL I jyw½i †PK Gu‡K w`B| gv_vi Szwo‡Z I K‡qKwU AvuPo w`‡q eybb †`Lv‡Z cvwi| gvwUi dj‡K Qwe †Zv ˆZwi Kijvg| Gevi QweUv‡K Szjv‡bvi GKUv eë¯’v Kiv ìKvi| gvwU w`‡q nv‡Zi AvOy‡ji gv_vi mgvb `ywU gvjv ˆZwi Kwi| Svoyi kjv ev GiKg miy wKQy w`‡q gvjvi †fZ‡i †gvUv myZv †XvKvevi g‡Zv wQ`ª Kwi| gvjv `ywUi GK cvk mvgvb¨ †K‡U GKUz mgvb K‡i wbB| Gevi Qwei †cQb w`‡K Ic‡i `yB †Kvbvq gvjv `ywU ewm‡q fv‡jv K‡i †Rvov w`B| gvjv `ywUi wQ`ª †hb eÜ bv nq Ges j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e e‡m| gvjv `ywUi †fZi w`‡q k³ myZv cwi‡q G - Qwe †`qv‡j Szwj‡q ivL‡Z cvwi Avevi †Kv‡bvwKQyi mv‡_ †Vm w`‡q †Kv‡bv gvbvbmB RvqMvq `vuo Kwi‡q ivL‡Z cvwi| †hfv‡eB ivwL Lye my›ì †`Lv‡e|

gvwU w`‡q wKQy cvÎ I djKwPÎ ˆZwi Kiv †Zv †kLv n‡jv | gvwUi ˆZwi Gme wRwbm fv‡jv K‡i ïwK‡q †cvov‡bvi eë¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Qvqvq †i‡L ax‡i ax‡i ï‡Kv‡Z n‡e Zv †Zv Rvbv Av‡Q| G‡Z mgq jvM‡e mwZ¨ K_v, wKšÍy evuKv nIqvi ev †d‡U hvIqvi fq _v‡K bv| fv‡jv K‡i ïKvj wK bv, Zv eySe Kx K‡i? GKUv ïK‡bv wRwbm nv‡Z wb‡q Zvi Zjvq ev †cQ‡bi w`‡K bL w`‡q GKUz AvuPo w`‡j hw` †`wL AvuP‡oi RvqMvUv mv`v‡U n‡q †M‡Q Zvn‡j eyS‡ev wRwbmwU fv‡jvfv‡eB ïwK‡q †M‡Q| Zv bv n‡j AviI ïKv‡Z n‡e| ïK‡bv wRwbm †fRv nv‡Z ai‡j ev cvwb jvM‡j †d‡U hv‡e ZvB Lye mveavb _vKe| Av‡kcv‡k †Kv_vI Kzgvievwo _vK‡j Kzgvi‡ì KvQ †_‡K Avgv‡ì ˆZwi wRwbm¸‡jv cywo‡q †bIqvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cvwi| Zv bv n‡j Kv‡Vi fywm A_ev av‡bi Zzl w`‡q wb‡RB †cvov‡Z cvwi|

mø¨ve c×wZ‡Z gvwUi cvÎ ˆZwi

Pviy I KviyKjv

cvV : 14 †djbv wRwbm w`‡q wkíKg© Kv‡R jvM‡e bv e‡j A‡bK wRwbm Avgiv †d‡j w`B| g‡b Kwi AveR©bv ZvB †d‡j w`B, G Qvov Avi Kx Kivi Av‡Q? Avgiv K`‡ej †L‡q †Lvjm †d‡j w`B| †hgbÑ nvum-gyiwMi gvsm †_‡K cvjK¸‡jv‡K Avgiv AveR©bv g‡b Kwi| bMY¨ †djbv wRwbm Avgv‡ì Kíbvkw³, wPšÍv-fvebv Ges my›ì wRwbm ˆZwii AvMÖnUv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q †`wL bv GB †d‡jÑ †Ìqv K`‡e‡ji †Lvjm, cvjK BZ¨vw` w`‡q my›ì †Kv‡bv wKQy ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi wK bv?

K`‡e‡ji †Lvjm w`‡q †Ljbv ev cyZzj Avgv‡`i †`‡k K`‡ej cvIqv hvq| cvKv K`‡ej †L‡q †Lvmv Avgiv †d‡j w`B| cvKv K`‡e‡ji gy‡L †QvU GKwU dz‡Uv K‡i KvwV XywK‡q mveav‡b †fZ‡ii wbhv©mUzKz †ei K‡i wb‡q, K`‡e‡ji †Lvmv Av¯Í ivL‡j GUv w`‡q my›`i cyZzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| Av¯Í Lvwj †Lvmv K‡qK w`b †i‡L w`‡j ïwK‡q hv‡e| Gevi GKwU Qzwi w`‡q Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †Pu‡Q GwU‡K gm„Y K‡i wbB| Gfv‡e `yBwU K`‡e‡ji †Lvmv wVK K‡i wbB| Gici GKwU‡Z njy` is (fvwb©k Kvjvi) Kwi| Ab¨wU cQ›`g‡Zv †h-†Kv‡bv is Kwi| wØZxq ejwU‡Z wKQz evwj A_ev †QvU †QvU KvuKi w`‡q f‡i fvix Kwi| wØZxq ejwUi Dci cÖ_g ejwU AvBKv Mvg w`‡q AvUwK‡q

K`‡e‡ji †Ljbv

w`B| Gevi njy` ejwU‡Z Pzj, †PvL, gyL I †VvU AuvwK Ges Ab¨ ejwU‡Z bKkv Gu‡K wbB| †`wL †Kgb PgrKvi GKwU cyZzj ˆZwi n‡q †Mj| GwU covi †Uwe‡j †ccvi I‡qU wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cvwi A_ev eÜz‡`iI Dcnvi w`‡Z cvie|

cvV : 15 cvjK w`‡q dzj nvum-gyiwMi †QvU mv`v cvjK¸‡jv Avjv`v K‡i cvwb‡Z †Mvjv‡bv jvj, njy`, †e¸wb BZ¨vw` i‡O Pzwe‡q ïwK‡q wbB| gyiwMi j¤^v mv`v cvjKI meyR is K‡i ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e| wKQy njy` is K‡i ïwK‡q ivwL| gyiwMi meyR, bxj, Kvj‡P meyR cvjK¸‡jvI †e‡Q cwi®‹vi K‡i ivwL| mvgvb¨ k³ GK UzK‡iv meyR i‡Oi KvMR wb‡q GK UvKvi K‡q‡bi mgvb †Mvj GKwU PvKwZ ˆZwi Kwi| meyR i‡Oi Dchy³ KvMR bv †c‡j mv`v KvMRB is K‡i ïwK‡q wb‡Z cvwi| KvM‡Ri PvKwZwUi cwiwa †_‡K †K›`ª ch©šÍ GK RvqMvq †K‡U wbB| Gevi KvUv

GK cv‡ki I Aci cvk Zz‡j k³ AvVv w`‡q †Rvov w`B| †`wL, PvKwZi gvSLvbUvq †Kv‡Yi g‡Zv MZ© n‡q †Mj| Gevi M‡Z©i w`‡K PvKwZi †fZ‡i AvBKv AvVv jvwM‡q †h-†Kv‡bv GK i‡Oi †QvU †QvU cvjKdz‡ji cvcwoi g‡Zv GK GK K‡i ewm‡q w`B| Pviw`K Nywi‡q cvjK emv‡bvi ci †`wL wRwbmwU †Kgb my›ì dz‡ji g‡Zv †`Lv‡”Q| Gevi Svoyi kjv (bvi‡KjcvZvi kjv) wekGKzk †mw›UwgUvi j¤^v K‡i KvwU| kjvi gv_vq AvVv jvwM‡q njy` i‡Oi Zzjv Rwo‡q GK †mw›UwgUvi e¨v‡mi AvgjKxi g‡Zv GKwU ¸wU ˆZwi Kwi| kjvi gv_vwU †hb ¸wUi †fZ‡i †XvKv‡bv _v‡K Ges ¸wU †hb kjvi mv‡_ k³ n‡q †j‡M _v‡K| kjvi Aci gv_vUv cvj‡Ki dz‡ji gvSLvb w`‡q XywK‡q †U‡b wb‡P bvwg‡q w`B, hv‡Z Zzjvi ¸wUwU dz‡ji cvcwoi wVK gvSLv‡b †P‡c e‡m hvq| emv‡bvi Av‡M ¸wUi wb‡Pi w`‡K fv‡jv K‡i AvBKv AvVv jvwM‡q cvjK w`‡q dyj ˆZwi Kwi| Gfv‡e †djbv wRwbm w`‡q †K‡U-†Qu‡U AvVv jvwM‡q A‡bK wKQy Kiv hvq| Gevi kjvwUi mviv Mv‡q AvVv jvwM‡q cvZjv meyR KvMR w`‡q my›ì K‡i gy‡o wbB| KvM‡R †gvov n‡q †M‡j meyR i‡Oi K‡qKwU j¤^v cvj‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K †cwjMvg ev AvBKv AvVv jvwM‡q kjvi mv‡_ Ry‡o w`B hv‡Z cvjK¸‡jv cvZvi g‡Zv †`Lvq| meyR is Kiv cvj‡Ki cvwLi cvjK w`‡q dzj mv‡_ `yB-wZbUv meyR-bxj, Kvj‡P-meyR i‡Oi cvjK emv‡j LyeB my›ì †`Lv‡e| Gfv‡e cvjK emv‡bvi ci cvj‡Ki †Mvov gq`vi AvVv jvMv‡bv cvZjv meyR KvMR †cuwP‡q †X‡K w`B| Gevi †`wL cvj‡Ki ˆZwi dzj, cvZv I WuvUvmn †Kgb my›ì †`Lv‡”Q| Gfv‡e bvbvb i‡Oi dzj ˆZwi K‡i dzj`vwb‡Z mvwR‡q ivL‡j Lye my›ì †`Lv‡e| cvjK w`‡q dzj ˆZwi Kivi GKwU c×wZ Rvbv n‡jv| Gevi wb‡R‡ì eyw×‡Z, wb‡R‡ì cQ›`g‡Zv Ab¨ †Kv‡bviK‡gi dzj ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wRwbm ˆZwi Kivi †Póv Kie|

cvV: 16 I 17 cv‡Ui Avuk ev Dj w`‡q my›`i GKwU nvu‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi Avgiv Dj w`‡q cgcg ˆZwi K‡iwQ| wVK GKB wbq‡g cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q GKwU nvu‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| wb‡Pi Qwe †`‡L Abvqv‡m nvu‡mi QvbvwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| †gvUv KvMR hviv bv cv‡e Zviv cy‡iv‡bv wPwVi

Pviy I KviyKjv

Dj ev cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q ZzjZz‡j nuv‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi| Qwe¸‡jv †`‡L Avgiv AwZ mn‡RB G cyZzj¸‡jv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi

†cv÷KvW© wb‡q wZb BwÂ e¨v‡mi `yBwU †MvjvK…wZ Gu‡K †K‡U †b‡e| eo †MvjvK…wZ `ywUi wVK gv‡S †QvU K‡i †Mvj Gu‡K †K‡U †ei Kwi| Gi ci myB-Gi mvnv‡h¨ Dj A_ev cv‡Ui Avuk cwi‡q †Mvj PvKwZ `y‡Uv GKmv‡_ wb‡q Ggbfv‡e evi evi Nywi‡q m¤ú~Y© fie †hb GKUyI dvuK bv _v‡K| Gevi KvuwP w`‡q Pviavi GKUz †K‡U KvM‡Ri PvKwZ `y‡Uvi dvu‡K GKUz k³K‡i my‡Zv ev Dj w`‡q Lye k³ †eu‡a †be| Gevi KvMR wQu‡o †d‡j w`‡q GKUv Ask KvuwP w`‡q †Qu‡U gv_vi AvK…wZ Kwi| Ges wb‡Pi Ask kix‡ii KvR Ki‡e| (hviv cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q Ki‡e Zviv miy Zvi fvuR K‡i GKwU myB‡qi gZ K‡i †b‡e)| Gevi KvMR †K‡U †PvL I †VvuU evwb‡q AvVv w`‡q jvwM‡q †è| †Pv‡Li is Kv‡jv I †VuvU njy` ev jvj K‡i w`‡j my›ì †`Lv‡e| Gevi nvumwU ˆZwi n‡q †M‡j nvu‡mi Mjvq my›ì miy wd‡Z †eu‡a w`‡j AviI my›ì †`Lv‡e|

Gfv‡e wZbwU nvu‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi K‡i GKwU †mU evbv‡Z cvwi| GwU Avgiv eÜz‡ì Rb¥w`‡b Dcnvi w`‡Z cvwi ev wb‡Ri N‡i †i‡L mvRv‡Z cvwi| eÜz‡ì Dcnvi †èvi Rb¨ Avgiv wZbwU cyZz‡ji †mU ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z cvwi| GKwU eo I `y‡Uv †QvU nvu‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi K‡i GKwU nvW©‡evW© ev †gvUv †evW© KvMR j¤^v K‡i †K‡U, nvu‡mi Qvbv¸‡jvi wb‡Pi As‡k AvVv jvwM‡q ci ci wZbwU H nvW©‡ev‡W© mvwR‡q wbB|

cvV : 18 I 19 †djbv Dj ev cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q dzj ˆZwi dzj meviB wcÖq| dz‡ji M‡Ü I †mŠ›`‡h© Avgv‡`i mevi gb f‡i hvq| GLb GKwU dzj ˆZwi Kiv wkLe Zvi, Dj A_ev cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q|

cÖ¯‘ZcÖYvwj cÖ_‡g 24 bs Zvi †K‡U D‡ji KvuUv ev †h-†Kv‡bv miy KvwVi †Mvovq Zvi AvUwK‡q evi evi Nywi‡q w¯cÖs ˆZwi Kwi| w¯cÖs ˆZwi †kl n‡j KvwV †_‡K w¯cÖs Ly‡j wbB| Gevi w¯cÖs‡qi `yB gv_v `ynv‡Z a‡i Uvb w`‡q Av›`vRg‡Zv j¤^v K‡i wbB, w¯cÖs Lye †ewk dvuK bv

†djbv Dj ev cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q dzj ˆZwi

Pviy I KviyKjv

n‡q hvq, †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivLe| Gevi dz‡ji cvcwo hZ eo Ki‡Z PvB, Zvi `yB¸Y mgvb w¯cÖs †K‡U †be| w¯cÖs‡qi `ygv_v AvUwK‡q cvcwoi AvKvi K‡i †be| Gevi Dj ev myZv A_ev cv‡Ui Avuk w¯cÖs‡qi cvcwoi †Mvovq GKgv_v †eu‡a Ab¨ gv_v a‡i GKcvk n‡Z Ab¨cv‡k Nywi‡q Nywi‡q m¤ú~Y© cvcwo Kie| Dj ev my‡Zvi †kl gv_v Dci cvcwoi †Mvovq †mvRv G‡b †eu‡a †è| Gfv‡e cvuPwU cvcwo ˆZwi K‡i †be| 20 bs Zvi WvuUv ˆZwii Rb¨ Av›`vRg‡Zv †K‡U †be| WvuUvi gv_v mvgvb¨ evuwK‡q njy` ev cQ›`g‡Zv Dj ev KvMR w`‡q gywo‡q dz‡ji †iYy evwb‡q wbB | H cvuPwU cvcwo G‡Ki ci GK †iYyi wb‡P †eu‡a dzjwU ˆZwi Kwi| †evuUvi mv‡_ meyR ev eªvDb myZv ev KvMR w`‡q gywo‡q †è| dz‡ji cvcwoi g‡Zv K‡i GKwU cvZv ˆZwi Kwi| cvZvwU WuvUvi mv‡_ AvUwK‡q w`B| WuvUvmn GKwU my›ì dzj ˆZwi n‡jv| Gfv‡e A‡bK¸‡jv dzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| wb‡Ri N‡i dzj`vwb‡Z my›ì K‡i mvwR‡q ivL‡Z cvwi A_ev eÜz‡ì Dcnvi w`‡Z cvwi|

) `vI|

(L) 20 x 30

(M) 31 x 42

(N) 12 x 24

4| †djbv wRwbm w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv hvqÑ (K) gvwUi cyZzj

(L) wkíKg©

(M) †cv÷vi

(N) m~wPwkí

(L) wgwó ˆZwi Kiv hvq

(M) Lvevi ˆZwi Kiv hvq

(N) †cvkvK evbv‡bv hvq

(L) Ôn¨vÛ-m¨Õ

(M) Ô†d«U-m¨Õ

(N) mvaviY KivZ

(L) wkj, KoB

(N) wkgyj I K`g

8| Zzicyb mvaviYZ †h-Kv‡R e¨envi nq Zv n‡jvÑ (K) MvQKvUv

(L) KvV †Piv

(M) wQ`ª Kiv

(N) euvKv Kiv

9| †KvbwU mwVK ? K. Pxbv gvwUi wRwbm Avm‡j gvwU w`‡qB ˆZwi L. Pxbv gvwU mv`v, KviY Zv‡Z A‡bK Lv` ev †fRvj Av‡Q| M. Kzgv‡ii PvKv Avwe®‹v‡i Av‡M gvwUi cvÎ ˆZwi Kiv †hZ bv| N. Kzgv‡ii PvKv Avwe®‹v‡ii ci K‡qj c×wZ AcÖ‡qvRbxq n‡q c‡o‡Q|

evg cv‡ki mv‡_ Wvb cv‡ki wel‡qi wgj Ki evg

Wvb

KvV ev gvwU w`‡q

bKkv ˆZwi Kiv hvq

wkíKg© Kiv hvq

Nywo ˆZwi nq

†VvOv evbv‡bv hvq

†ej ev K`‡e‡ji †Lvjm w`‡q

nvu‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi

Dj ev cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q

†gvRvBK Qwe ˆZwi Kiv hvq

†c‡Ui fvOv UzKiv w`‡q

my›`i cyZzj ˆZwi Kiv hvq

KvV w`‡q wewfbœ

Nywoi KvMR w`‡q

Pviy I KviyKjv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co I cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI iygv I wRmvb gv‡qi mv‡_ êkvLx †gjvq †Mj| †gjvq Iiv A‡bK wRwbm †`Lj| gvwUi wewfbœ iKg cyZzj, wcVv evbv‡bvi QvuP BZ¨vw`| Kv‡Vi cyZzj, nvwZ-†Nvov, bKkv, Kv‡Vi dzj`vwb, †LRyi cvZvi dzj, Zvj cvZvi cvLv, MÖv‡gi †g‡q‡ì nv‡Z ˆZwi cvLv, bKwkKvu_v-AviI KZ wRwbm| evu‡ki evuwk, evu‡ki ˆZwi dzj`vwb BZ¨vw`| †evW© KvM‡Ri A‡bK my›ì my›ì cyZzj, cvwL, †`qvjg¨vU BZ¨vw`| †e‡ji †Lvj‡mi cyZzj, G QvovI Iiv A‡bK gRv`vi wRwbm †`‡L‡Q| †QvU‡ì †Ljvi Rb¨ A‡bK ivBWm wQj| Iiv PiwK‡Z D‡V A‡bK gRv Kij| wRmvb Kv‡Vi I KvM‡Ri cyZzj, evu‡ki evuwk wKbj| iygv †e‡ji †Lvj‡mi cyZzj I ZvjcvZvi cvLv wKbj| Iiv g‡bi Avb‡›` evwo wdij| K) iygv I wRmvb gv‡qi mv‡_ †Kv_vq wM‡qwQj? L) êkvLx †gjvq wRmvb I iygv Kx Kx †`Lj? M) Iiv Kx †Ljv †Ljj? N) iygv I wRmvb Kx Kx wKbj ?

e¨envwiK (Activity) 1| Kvco I wcm‡evW© w`‡q †Zvgvi cQ›`g‡Zv †`qv‡j †Svjv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx GKwU cyZzj ˆZwi Ki| 2| Kvco I wcm‡evW© w`‡q GKwU nvwZ ˆZwi Ki| 3| Lye mnR c×wZ‡Z †Zvgvi cQ›`g‡Zv GKwU Kv‡Vi cyZzj ˆZwi Ki| 4| gvwUi ¯¨ve w`‡q GKwU my›`i bKkv ev djK ˆZwi Ki| 5| gvwUi GKwU dzj`vwb ˆZwi Ki| 6| gvwU w`‡q GKwU knx`wgbvi ˆZwi Ki| 7| †djbv Dj ev cv‡Ui Avuk w`‡q GKwU nvu‡mi Qvbv ˆZwi Ki| 8| K`‡e‡ji †Lvjm w`‡q GKwU †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki|

iPbvg~jK 1| †evW© KvMR I Kvco w`‡q GKwU cyZzj ˆZwi Kivi mnR c×wZ eY©bv Ki| 2| †evW© KvMR I Kvco w`‡q GKwU nvwZ ˆZwii mnR c×wZ eY©bv Ki| 3| KvV w`‡q GKwU cvwL ˆZwi Kivi c×wZ eY©bv Ki| 4| gvwU w`‡q GKwU bKkvdjK ˆZwii c×wZ eY©bv Ki| 5| gvwU w`‡q GKwU dzj`vwb ˆZwii c×wZ eY©bv Ki| 6| †djbv cvU ev Dj w`‡q Zv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GKwU dzj ˆZwii c wZ eY©bv Ki|