Sahito konika english version by Atiq Isamee

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evZ e¨vwaMÖ¯’ †ivMxiv KLb N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i ? K. mÜ¨vi c~‡e© L. mÜ¨vi c‡i M. we‡Kj †ejv N. †Mva~wj †ejv 2. kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq wW.wjU Dcvwa †c‡q‡Qb †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ? K. XvKv L. KjKvZv M. A·‡dvW© N. †Kw¤^ªR 3. AvwZ‡_ï gh©v`v j•Nb ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ? i. †Kv‡bv wZw_ bv †g‡b Kv‡ivi AvMgb‡K ii. gvÎvwZwi³ mgq AvwZ‡_qZv MÖnY Kiv‡K iii. AevwÃZfv‡e †Kv‡bv AwZw_i AwaK mgq Ae¯’vb‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : evev-gvi Av`‡ii `yB †Q‡j Kve¨ I M`¨ Gevi K¬vm Uz †Z c‡o| I‡ì evev GKw`b †QvÆ GKwU LuvPvq GKwU gqbv cvwL wK‡b I‡ì Dcnvi †`q| †mB †_‡K mviv¶Y `yB fvB cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i cvwLwU‡K Lvevi †Ìqv, cvwb †Ìqv, K_v ejv Avi K_v †kLv‡bvi AvcÖvY †Póv Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ GKw`b mKv‡j †`‡L- Bu`yi G‡m iv‡Z cvwLUv‡K †g‡i †d‡j‡Q| †mB †_‡K †h Zv‡ì A‡Svi avivq Kvbœv, †KD Avi _vgv‡ZB cv‡i bv| AvR †mB gqbvi K_v g‡b n‡jI Iiv †Ku‡` I‡V| 4. DÏxc‡K ÔAwZw_i ¯§„wZÕÑ M‡íi †h fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv n‡jvi. cï-cvwLi mv‡_ gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK m¤cK© ii. cï-cvwLi mv‡_ gvby‡li †mœnc~Y© m¤cK© iii. fv‡jvevmvq wm³ cïÑcvwLi we‡”Q` †e`bvq KvZiZv

AwZw_i ¯§„wZ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 5. D³ mv`„k¨c~Y© fvewU wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ? K. evwo wd‡i hvevi AvMÖn g‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv_vI Lyu‡R †cjvg bv| L. AvwZ‡_ï gh©v`v j•Nb K‡i †m Aviv‡g wbwðšZ n‡q e‡m Av‡Q| M. AZGe Avgvi AwZw_ K‡i Dcevm N. AvR ZzB †L‡q hvwe, bv †L‡q hvm‡b eySwj| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1. g‡nk| `wi`ª eM©vPvwl Mdz‡ii AwZ Av`‡ii GKgvÎ luvo| wKš‘ `vwi‡`ªï Kvi‡Y I‡K wVKgZ Lo-wePzwj †L‡Z w`‡Z cv‡i bv| Rwg`v‡ii Kv‡Q mvgvb¨ Lo avi †P‡qI cvq bv| wb‡R bv †L‡q _vK‡jI Mdz‡ii `ytL †bB| wKš‘ g‡nk‡K Lvevi w`‡Z bv †c‡i Zvi eyK †d‡U hvq| †m g‡n‡ki Mjv Rwo‡q a‡i Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z e‡jÑg‡nk, ZzB Avgvi †Q‡j| ZzB Avgv‡ì AvU mb cÖwZcvjb K‡i ey‡ov n‡qwQm| †Zv‡K Avwg †cU cy‡i †L‡Z w`‡Z cvwi‡b, wKš‘ ZzB †Zv Rvwbm Avwg †Zv‡K KZ fv‡jvevwm| g‡nk cÖZz¨Ë‡i Mjv evwo‡q Aviv‡g †PvL ey‡R _v‡K| K. L. M. N. 2.

kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq †`IN‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb †Kb ? ÔAwZw_ wKQz‡Z wfZ‡i †XvKvi fimv †cjbvÕ †Kb ? DÏxc‡K g‡n‡ki cÖwZ Mdz‡ii AvPi‡Y ÔAwZw_i ¯§„wZÕ M‡íi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡Ki Mdz‡ii mv‡_ †jL‡Ki †PZbvMZ wgj _vK‡jI †c¶vcU wfbœÑAwZw_i ¯§„wZ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K gšZe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi Ki| †kicy‡ii bvBgywÏb cÖvq 10 eQi a‡i Zvi †cvlvnvwZ, ÔKvjvcvnvo‡KÕ w`‡q jvKwo Uvbv, Pvl Kiv, mvK©vm †`Lv‡bv BZ¨vw` KvR K‡i AvmwQj| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y nvwZi †LvivK †RvMvo Ki‡Z bv †c‡i GKw`b †m Kvjvcvnvo‡K wewµ K‡i w`‡jv| †µZv Kvjvcvnvo‡K wb‡Z G‡m Ii cv‡q evav iwk a‡i nvRvi UvbvUvwb K‡i GKPzjI bvov‡Z cvij bv| Kvjvcvnv‡oi `y‡PvL †e‡q ïay UcUc K‡i Rj Mwo‡q co‡Q| ciw`b L‡Ïi AviI †ewk †jvKRb mv‡_ K‡i G‡m Kvjvcvnvo‡K wb‡q hv‡e e‡j P‡j hvq| wKš‘ †fvi‡ejv bvBgywÏb †`‡LÑ Kvjvcvnvo g‡i c‡o Av‡Q| nvDgvD K‡i †m wPrKvi K‡i Avi e‡jÑ ÔI‡i Avgvi Kvjvcvnvo, Awfgvb K‡i ZzB P‡j †MwjÕ| K. L. M. N.

kirP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K †Kvb c`K jvf K‡ib ? †jLK †`INi †_‡K we`vq wb‡Z bvbv ARynv‡Z w`b `yB †`wi Ki‡jb †Kb ? Kvjvcvnv‡oi AvPi‡Y ÔAwZw_i ¯§„wZÕ M‡íi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zvi eY©bv `vI| DÏxc‡Ki bvBgywÏ‡bi Abyf~wZ Avi ÔAwZw_i ¯§„wZÕ M‡íi †jL‡Ki Abyf~wZ GKB avivq DrmvwiZ e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki wK ? †Zvgvi g‡Zi c‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

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ˆZjwP‡Îi f~Z

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ˆZjwP‡Îi f~Z

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bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 1.

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‰ZjwP‡Îi f~Z 4.

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L. Zviv AÜKvi‡K fq KiZ

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Giƒc mv`„‡k¨i g~‡j †KvbwU we`¨gvb? K. ev¯Ze Áv‡bi Afve

L. cÖK…Z wk¶v bv cvIqv

M. gvbwmK weKvk bv nIqv

N. mwVK wm×všZ wb‡Z bv cviv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ iwdK mv‡ne kx‡Zi QzwU‡Z fvwMœ mvnvbv‡K wb‡q MÖv‡g †eov‡Z hvb| iv‡Zi †Lvjv AvKvk †`Lvi Rb¨ Zviv †Lvjv gv‡V hvb| A`~‡iB †`L‡Z cvb gv‡Vi g‡a¨ nVvr GK cÖKvi Av‡jv R¡‡j D‡V Zv mvg‡b GwM‡q hv‡”Q| IUv wK‡mi Av‡jv Zv Rvb‡Z PvB‡j iwe‡bi gvgv e‡jb, f~‡Zi! iweb fq †c‡q Zvi evev‡K Rwo‡q a‡i| evev ZLb Zv‡K eywS‡q e‡jb †h, †Lvjv gv‡Vi gvwU‡Z GK cÖKvi M¨vm _v‡K hv evZv‡mi ms¯c‡k© G‡j R¡‡j D‡V| iweb welqUv eyS‡Z †c‡i ¯^vfvweK nq| K. Ô‰ZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ †Kvb RvZxq iPbv ? L. b‡M‡bi g‡b `viyY j¾v Avi AbyZvc †R‡MwQj †Kb ? M. DÏxc‡Ki iwdK Avi ÔˆZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ M‡íi b‡M‡bi we‡kl wgj †Kv_vq? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. iwdK mv‡ne Avi ÔˆZjwP‡Îi f~ZÕ M‡íi civki Wv³vi Dfq‡K AvaywbK gvbwmKZvi AwaKvix ejv hvq wK? hyw³mnKv‡i eywS‡q †jL|

Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg †kL gywReyi ingvb

c~e©K_v : 1969 Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U cvwK¯Zv‡bi mvgwiK GKbvqK AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvPz¨Z nb| Gici ¶gZvq G‡m bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb cvwK¯Zv‡b mvaviY wbe©vPb w`‡Z eva¨ nb| wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM GKK msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i| MYZ‡š¿i aviv Abymv‡i cvwK¯Zv‡bi kvmbfvi cvIqvi K_v AvIqvgx jx‡Mi A_©vr evOvwji Awemsevw`Z †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi| wKš‘ cvwK¯Zvwb kvmK‡Mvôx evOvwj‡ì nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯Zvš—i bv Kivi I MYZš¿ nZ¨vi loh‡š¿ wjß nq| †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb 1971 Gi 3iv gvP© XvKvq cvwK¯Zvb RvZxq cwil‡ì cÖ_g Awa‡ekb †W‡KwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv KviY QvovB wZwb nVvr 1jv gvP© GK †NvlYvq RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYv K‡ib| GB lohš¿g~jK †NvlYv ï‡bB c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡bi me©Î cÖwZev` I we‡¶v‡fi So I‡V| ÔRq evsjvÕ, Ôexi evOvwj A¯¿ ai evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb KiÕ, Ô‡Zvgvi Avgvi wVKvbv cÙv †gNbv hgybvÕ, ÔRv‡Mv Rv‡Mv evOvwj Rv‡MvÕ BZ¨vw` †¯−vMv‡b kni e›ì MÖvg Av‡›`vwjZ nq| GB cUf~wg‡ZB 1971-Gi 7B gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqvw`© D`¨vb) cÖvq 10 j¶ †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb GK HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b| 18 wgwb‡Ui IB fvl‡Y wZwb evOvwji gyw³ bv nIqv ch©š— ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Av‡e‡M, e³‡e¨, w`K-wb‡`©kbvq IB fvlYwU wQj Abe`¨| e½eÜzi †mB fvlYwU‡K Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi HwZnvwmK †MwUmevM© fvl‡Yi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv nq| HwZnvwmK fvlYwU GLv‡b wjwce× n‡jv| fv‡qiv Avgvi, AvR `ytL-fvivµvšZ gb wb‡q Avcbv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi n‡qwQ| Avcbviv meB Rv‡bb Ges †ev‡Sb| Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxeb w`‡q †Póv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, AvR XvKv, PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, iscy‡i Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivRc_ iwÄZ n‡q‡Q| AvR evsjvi gvbyl gyw³ Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl euvP‡Z Pvq, evsjvi gvbyl Zvi

Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

AwaKvi Pvq| Kx Ab¨vq K‡iwQjvg? wbe©vP‡bi c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl m¤c~Y©fv‡e Avgv‡K I AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU †`b| Avgv‡ì b¨vkbvj G‡mgwe− em‡e, Avgiv †mLv‡b kvmbZšÎ ˆZwi Kie Ges G †`k‡K Avgiv M‡o Zzje| G‡`‡ki gvbyl A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ I mvs¯‹…wZK gyw³ cv‡e| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq, AvR `yt‡Li m‡½ ej‡Z nq, 23 erm‡ii KiyY BwZnvm evsjvi AZ¨vPv‡ii, evsjvi gvby‡li i‡³i BwZnvm| 23 erm‡ii BwZnvm gyg~ly© bibvixi AvZ©bv‡ì BwZnvm| evsjvi BwZnvm G‡`‡ki gvby‡li i³ w`‡q ivRc_ iwÄZ Kivi BwZnvm| 1952 mv‡j i³ w`‡qwQ| 1952 mv‡j wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡iI Avgiv Mw`‡Z em‡Z cvwi bvB| 1958 mv‡j Avqye Lvb gvk©vj-j Rvwi K‡i 10 eQi ch©šZ Avgv‡ì †Mvjvg K‡i †i‡L‡Q| 1966 mv‡j 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡b 7B Ry‡b Avgvi †Q‡j‡ì ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1969 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b Avqye Lv‡bi cZb nIqvi c‡i hLb Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne miKvi wb‡jb, wZwb ej‡jb, †`‡k kvmbZšÎ †`‡eb,MYZšÎ †`‡eb, Avgiv †g‡b wbjvg| Zvici A‡bK BwZnvm n‡q †Mj, wbe©vPb n‡jv| Avwg †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ †`Lv K‡iwQ| Avwg, ïay evsjvi bq, cvwK¯Zv‡bi †gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv wn‡m‡e Zv‡K Aby‡iva Kijvg, 15B †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L Avcwb RvZxq cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb †`b| wZwb Avgvi K_v ivL‡jb bv, wZwb ivL‡jb fy‡Æv mv‡n‡ei K_v| wZwb ej‡jb, cÖ_g mßv‡n- gvP© gv‡m mfv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg wVK Av‡Q, Avgiv G‡mgwe−‡Z eme| GgbwK G ch©šZI ejjvg, hw` †KD b¨vh¨ K_v e‡j, Avgiv msL¨vq †ewk n‡jI GKR‡bi g‡ZI hw` Zv b¨vh¨ K_v nq, Avgiv †g‡b †be| Bqvwnqv Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e G‡mgwe− †W‡KwQ‡jb| Avwg ejjvg, Avwg hve| fy‡Æv ej‡jb, wZwb hv‡eb bv| 35 Rb m`m¨ cwðg cvwK¯Zvb †_‡K GLv‡b Avm‡jb| Zvici nVvr eÜ K‡i †Ìqv nj, †`vl †Ìqv nj evsjvi gvbyl‡K, †`vl †Ìqv n‡jv Avgv‡K| eÜ Kivi ci G‡`‡ki gvbyl cÖwZev`gyLi n‡q DVj| Avwg ejjvg, kvwšZc~Y©fv‡e Avcbviv niZvj cvjb Kiyb| Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv Kj-KviLvbv mewKQz eÜ K‡i †`b| RbMY mvov w`j| Avcb B”Qvq RbMY iv¯Zvq †ewi‡q coj, Zviv kvwšZc~Y©fv‡e msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨ w¯’i cÖwZÁve× ‡nvb| Kx †cjvg Avgiv? Avgiv Avgv‡ì cqmv w`‡q A¯Î wK‡bwQ ewntkÎyi AvµgY †_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kievi Rb¨, AvR †mB A¯Î eënvi n‡”Q Avgvi †`‡ki Mwie-`ytLx wbi¯Î gvby‡li weiy‡×- Zvi ey‡Ki Dci n‡”Q ¸wj| Avgiv cvwK¯Zv‡b msL¨v¸iyÑAvgiv evOvwjiv hLbB ¶gZvq hvevi †Póv K‡iwQ ZLbB Zviv Avgv‡ì Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o‡Q| †Uwj‡dv‡b Avgvi mv‡_ Zvi K_v nq| Avwg e‡jwQjvg, †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne, Avcwb cvwK¯Zv‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U, †`‡L hvb Kxfv‡e Avgvi Mwi‡ei Dci, Avgvi evsjvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki Dci ¸wj Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kx K‡i Avgvi gv‡qi †Kvj Lvwj Kiv n‡q‡Q, Kx K‡i gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avcwb Avmyb, †`Lyb wePvi Kiyb| fv‡qiv Avgvi, 25 Zvwi‡L G‡mgwe− Kj K‡i‡Q| i‡³i `vM ïKvq bvB| Avwg wm×vš— wb‡qwQ, 10 Zvwi‡L H kwn‡ì i‡³i Dci cvov w`‡q Avi.wU.wm-‡Z gywReyi ingvb †hvM`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Gmgwe− Kj K‡i‡Qb, Avgvi `vwe gvb‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g mvgwiK AvBb gvk©vj-j withdraw Ki‡Z n‡e| mg¯Z mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvK‡ì e¨viv‡K †dir †h‡Z n‡e| †hfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Z`š— Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwai Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯Zvš—i Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici we‡ePbv K‡i †`Le, Avgiv A¨v‡mgwe−‡Z em‡Z cvie wK cvie bv| Gi c~‡e© G‡mgwe−‡Z em‡Z Avgiv cvwi bv|

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

Avwg cÖavbgwš¿Z¡ PvB bv| Avgiv G‡`‡ki gvby‡li AwaKvi PvB| Avwg cwi®‹vi A¶‡i e‡j wèvi PvB †h, AvR †_‡K GB evsjv‡`‡ki †KvU©-KvPvwi, Av`vjZ-†dŠR`vwi, wk¶v cÖwZôvb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ _vK‡e| Mwi‡ei hv‡Z Kó bv nq, hv‡Z Avgvi gvbyl Kó bv K‡i †mRb¨ Ab¨vb¨ †h wRwbm¸wji Av‡Q †m¸wji niZvj Kvj †_‡K Pj‡e bv| wiKkv, MiyiMvwo, †ij Pj‡e, jÂ Pj‡e-ïay †m‡µUvwi‡qU, mywcÖg‡KvU©, nvB‡KvU©, RR‡KvU©, †mwg-Mfb©‡g›U `ßi, Iqvc`v †Kv‡bvwKQz Pj‡e bv| 28 Zvwi‡L Kg©Pvixiv wM‡q †eZb wb‡q Avm‡eb| Gici hw` †eZb †Ìqv bv nq, Avi hw` GKwU ¸wj P‡j, Avi hw` Avgvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq-†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Aby‡iva iBj, cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o †Zvj| †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQz Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kÎyi †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Rxe‡bi Z‡i iv¯ZvNvU hv hv Av‡Q mewKQz- Avwg hw` ûKzg wèvi bvI cvwi, †Zvgiv eÜ K‡i †`‡e| Avgiv fv‡Z gvie,cvwb‡Z cvie| †Zvgiv Avgvi fvB, †Zvgiv e¨viv‡K _vK, †KD †Zvgv‡ì wKQz ej‡e bv| wKš‘ Avi †Zvgiv ¸wj Pvjvevi †Póv †Kv‡iv bv| mvZ †KvwU gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cvie bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ, ZLb †KD Avgv‡ì `vevqv ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †h mg¯— †jvK kwn` n‡q‡Q, AvNvZcÖvß n‡q‡Q, Avgiv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †_‡K hÏyi cvwi Zv‡ì mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡Z †Póv Kie| hviv cv‡ib Avgvi wiwjd KwgwU‡K mvgvb¨ UvKv-cqmv †cuŠ†Q †`‡eb| Avi GB 7 w`‡bi niMv‡j †h mg¯— kªwgK fvB‡qiv †hvM`vb K‡i‡Q cÖ‡Z¨K wk‡íi gvwjK Zv‡ì †eZb †cŠu‡Q †`‡eb| miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì ewj, †h ch©š— Avgvi GB †`‡ki gyw³ bv n‡”Q, ZZw`b LvRbv U¨v· eÜ K‡i †Ìqv n‡jv-†KD †`‡e bv| ïbyb, g‡b ivL‡eb, kÎy †cQ‡b Xy‡K‡Q, wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ AvZ¥Kjn m„wó Ki‡e, jyUZivR Ki‡e| GB evsjvq-wn›`y-gymjgvb, evOvwj, A-evOvwj hviv Av‡Q Zviv Avgv‡ì fvB| Zv‡ì i¶vi `vwqZ¡ Avcbv‡ì Dci, Avgv‡ì †hb e`bvg bv nq| g‡b ivL‡eb, Kg©Pvixiv, †iwWI hw` Avgv‡ì K_v bv †kv‡b Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv evOvwj †iwWI †÷k‡b hv‡eb bv| hw` †Uwjwfkb Avgv‡ì wbDR bv †`q, †Kv‡bv evOvwj †Uwjwfk‡b hv‡eb bv| 2 N›Uv e¨vsK †Lvjv _vK‡e, hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡ì gvB‡b-cÎ wb‡Z cv‡i| c~e©evsjv †_‡K cwðg cvwK¯Zv‡b GK cqmvI Pvjvb n‡Z cvi‡e bv| †Uwj‡dvb, †UwjMÖvg Avgv‡ì GB c~e©evsjvq Pj‡e Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wbDR evB‡i cvVv‡bv Pj‡e| wKš‘ hw` GB †`‡ki gvbyl‡K LZg Kivi †Póv Kiv nq, evOvwjiv ey‡Smy‡S KvR Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨K MÖv‡g, cÖ‡Z¨K gnj−vq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ msMÖvg cwil` M‡o †Zvj| Ges †Zvgv‡ì hv wKQz Av‡Q, ZvB wb‡q cÖ¯‘Z _v‡Kv| g‡b ivLev, i³ hLb w`‡qwQ, i³ AviI †è| G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K gy³ K‡i Qvoe BbkAvj−vn| Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg| Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg| Rq evsjv| kãv_© I UxKv wbe©vP‡bi ci

kvmbZšÎ b¨vkbvj G‡mgwe− fy‡Æv mv‡ne

Avi.wU.wm.

1970-G AbywôZ cvwK¯Zvb RvZxq cwil` I c~e© cvwK¯Zvb cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi ci| H wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM GKK msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| ivóª cwiPvjbvi Abykvmb I weavbmg~n| msweavb| RvZxq cwil`| cvwK¯Zvb wccjm& cvwU©i ZrKvjxb †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv| wZwb cvwK¯Zvwb mvgwiK miKv‡ii m‡½ nvZ wgwj‡q evOvwj †hb cvwK¯Zv‡bi kvmb ¶gZvq †h‡Z bv cv‡i †m R‡b¨ nxb loh‡šÎ wjß nb| ivDÛ †Uwej Kbdv‡iÝ| †Mvj †Uwej êVK| mgm¨v mgvav‡bi K_v e‡j †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv cÖKv‡k¨ †Mvj †Uwej êVK AvnŸvb Ki‡jI †fZ‡i †fZ‡i c~e© cvwK¯Zv‡b mvgwiK nvgjv Pvjv‡bvi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z _v‡Kb|

Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg gvk©vj-j

withdraw

e¨vivK ‡m‡µUvwi‡qU mywcÖg †KvU© nvB †KvU© RR †KvU© ‡mwg-Mfb©‡g›U Iqvc`v cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ iPbvwU cvV Ki‡j ¯^vaxb evOvwj RvwZ I mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvq RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi msMÖvg, Ae`vb Ges evOvwj RvwZi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zuvi wbiwe”Qbœ mvabvi K_v Rvb‡Z cvi‡e| GB iPbv c‡o wk¶v_©xiv e½eÜzi Av`k© I †`k‡cÖ‡gi †PZbvq DØy× n‡e| cvV-cwiwPwZ cvwK¯Zvwb Jcwb‡ewkK ivóªKvVv‡gv †f‡O evOvwji mvwe©K gyw³ AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ 1966 mv‡j e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i KviveiY K‡ib| 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM AR©b Ki wbi¼zk weRq| ZeyI cvwK¯Zvwb kvmK‡Mvôx evOvwj‡ì nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ZvšZi bv K‡i loh‡šÎi c_ †e‡Q †bq| 1971 mv‡ji 2 gvP© †_‡K e½eÜzi AvnŸv‡b evsjvq me©vZ¥K Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi avivevwnKZvq 7 gvP© 1971-G XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gvb †mvnivIqvw`© D`¨vb) cÖvq `k j¶ †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb 18 wgwb‡Ui HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b| GB fvlY 7B gv‡P©i fvlY wn‡m‡e weL¨vZ| †jLK cwiwPwZ nvRvi eQ‡ii †kªô evOvwj †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ¯’cwZ I evOvwj RvwZmËv weKv‡ki cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡| wZwb Avgv‡ì RvwZi RbK| Zuvi Rb¥ 1920 wLªóv‡ãi 17 gvP© †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †kL jyrdi ingvb I gvZvi bvg mv‡niv LvZzb| QvÎRxeb †_‡KB wZwb ivRbxwZ I †`keª‡Z hy³ nb| fvlv Av‡›`vjbmn wewfbœ MYZvwšÎK Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM w`‡q wZwb eûevi KviveiY K‡i‡Qb| evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì wfwË iPbvq Zuvi Ae`vb Acwimxg| wZwb evOvwji ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi gyL¨ cÖe³v| †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~PbvKv‡j 1961 mv‡j e½eÜz Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ nb| 1971 Gi 25‡k gvP© gaïv‡Zi c‡i cvwK¯Zvwb evwnbx evOvwji GB Awemsevw`Z †bZv‡K Zuvi avbgwÛi evmfeb †_‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| †MÖdZv‡ii Av‡M A_©vr 26†k gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| gyw³hy×Kv‡j e½eÜzi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Zuv‡K ivóªcwZ K‡i MwVZ A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k miKvi hy× cwiPvjbv K‡i| †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi wZwb cvwK¯Zv‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K gy³ n‡q †`‡k †d‡ib Ges hy×weaŸ¯Z †`k Movi gnvb `vwq‡Z¡ eªZx nb| Zuvi miKviB ¯cí mg‡qi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb iPbv K‡i (1972)| 1974 mv‡j RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡b wZwb cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq fvlY w`‡q evsjv‡K wek¦mfvq gh©v`vi Avm‡b AwawôZ K‡ib| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ mvgwiK evwnbxi KwZcq wec_Mvgx m`‡mï nv‡Z e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb mcwiev‡i wbnZ nb|

Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

Kg©-Abykxjb K.

evOvwj‡`i Rb¨ RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywSeyi ingvb †Kvb ‡Kvb Av‡›`vj‡b Kx RvZxq f~wgKv †i‡L‡Qb, †m ¤ú‡K© GKwU iPbv †jL (GKK KvR)

RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ˆkke, ˆK‡gvig †hŠeb, e¨w³MZ Rxeb, ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ †`k‡cÖg BZ¨vw` Aej¤^‡b Qov, KweZv, Mí, cÖeÜ , bvwUKv, Qwe BZ¨vw` iPbv K‡i †`qvwjKv cÖKvk Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi KvR)|

RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb- G welq Aej¤^‡b †cv÷vi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Ki (GKK KvR, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †cv÷vi †kªwY I wk¶v_x©i bvg I ‡ivj bv¤^vi wjL‡Z n‡e)| bgybv cÖkœ

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

KZ e½eÜz †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b Zvwi‡L ? K. 1969-Gi 7B gvP©

L. 1971-Gi 3iv gvP©

M. 1971-Gi 7B gvP©

N. 1974-Gi 3iv gvP©

†im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi fvlYB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv| †KKbv GB fvlYK. AvRI ¯^vaxbZvi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q L. msMÖvg cwil` M‡o †Zvjvi A½xKvi M. A¨v‡m¤^wj‡Z bv emvi AvnŸvb N. evOvwji mvwe©K gyw³i j‡¶¨ msMÖv‡gi AvnŸvb

Avqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi ci †K †`‡k MYZ‡šÎi cÖwZkÖywZ w`‡qwQ‡jb ? K. †kL gywReyi ingvb

L. Bqvwnqv Lvb

M. gvIjvbv fvmvbx

N. RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi Awemsev`x †bZv †bjmb †g‡Êjv eY©ev‡`i weiy‡× msMÖvg K‡i †Rj, Ryjyg, wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb| wbe©vwmZ Rxeb hvcb K‡ib| ¶gZvmxb kvmK‡Mvôx Zuvi Rxeb †_‡K †K‡o †bq 27wU eQi wKš‘ wZwb KLbI gv_v bZ K‡ibwb| Ae‡k‡l Rq nq gvbeZvi, Aemvb N‡U eY©ev‡`i|

Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg 4.

e½eÜz I †bjmb †g‡ÊjvÑ Df‡qi g‡a¨ ‡Kvb ¸‡Yi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq ? i. mnbkxjZv ii. †`k‡cÖg iii. Av‡cvlnxbZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i I ii

L. i I iii

M. ii I iii

N. i, ii I iii

e½eÜz GB we‡kl ¸Y Avgv‡`i Dcnvi w`‡q‡QK. Mfxi †`k‡cÖg

L. evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ

M. ¯^vaxb ivóª

N. ‰elg¨ †_‡K gyw³

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wkí Kjvi bvbv w`K

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ : K. mywbw`©ó welq Aej¤^‡b Qwe AvuKvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi AskMÖn‡Y)| L. ‡kªwYi mKj wk¶v_©©xi AskMÖn‡Y ¯úó I my›`i n¯—v¶i cwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Ki| M. ev¯—‡e ev Qwe‡Z †`Lv †Zvgvi fv‡jv jvMv †Kv‡bv GKwU Av‡jvKwPÎ ev fv¯‹h© ev ¯’vcZ¨ m¤ú‡K© wZb-Pvi Aby‡”Q‡`i GKwU iPbv †jL|

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 1.

gy¯Zvdv g‡bvqvi n‡jb GKRbÑ K. wPÎwkíx L. fv¯‹h© wkíx M. ¯’vcZ¨ N. wkíxKviywkíx 2. wb‡Pi †KvbwUi ga¨ w`‡q GKwU †`k‡K Rvbv hvq K. wkíKjv PP©v L.mvwnZ¨ PP©v M. weÁvb PP©v N.wPÎKjv PP©v 3. me my›ìB mivmwi cÖ‡qvR‡bi evB‡i ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ? i. cÖ‡qvR‡bi g‡a¨ †mŠ›`h© cÖKvk cvq bv ii. AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask gvbe gb‡K Z…ß K‡i iii. AcÖ‡qvRbxq As‡k †mŠ›`h© cÖKvk cvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. i I ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : dv‡qR Avn‡g` Kw¤cDUvi mv‡q‡Ý Abvm© co‡Q, mviv¶Y Zvi iy‡gi ìRv Rvbvjv eÜ K‡i Kw¤cDUvi wb‡q †m e‡m _v‡K| †QvU †evb c~wY©gvi iv‡Z Qv‡` wM‡q Puv` †`L‡Z ej‡j †m e‡j- Qv‡` †h‡q Puv` †`Lvi wK Av‡Q, Rvbvjv w`‡qB †Zv Puv` †`Lv hvq| Avi me mgq gyLUv †Kgb M¤¢xi K‡i e‡m _v‡K| mevi mv‡_ wg‡kI bv| 4. DÏxc‡Ki dv‡q‡Ri g‡b Kx‡mi Afve Av‡Q ? K. Avb‡›ì L. fv‡ei M. Abyf~wZi N. AvKv•¶vi 5.

wkíKjvi bvbv w`K cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K dv‡q‡Ri D³ Afve‡eva _vKvi KviYK. wkíx g‡bi Afve L. wkíKjvi cÖwZ Abvmw³ M. mvwnZ¨ PP©vi Afve N. cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Abvmw³

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

†g‡niy‡bœmv Gevi Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv wefv‡M fwZ© n‡q‡Q| bexbeiY †k‡l evÜex‡ì mv‡_ K¨v¤cvm Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z G‡jv †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªwii mvg‡b| †mLv‡b †`‡L- GK nv‡Z e›`yK a‡i GK cv‡qi Ici ùvwo‡q Av‡Q wekvjvKvi GK fv¯‹h©| bvg- mskßK| wbwðZ g„Zz¨ †R‡bI †h m¤§yL cv‡b GwM‡q hvq Zv‡KB e‡j mskßK| 71-Gi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì exi‡Z¡i K_v ¯§iY K‡i GB g~wZ©wU evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| gbUv f‡i †Mj †g‡niy‡bœmvi| K. ¯’vcZ¨ Kx ? L. cÖ‡qvRb Avi AcÖ‡qvRb wg‡jB gvby‡li †mŠ›`‡h©i Avkv c~Y©- K_vwU eywS‡q wjL| M. K¨v¤cv‡m †g‡niy‡bœmv wkíKjvi †Kvb w`KwU †`‡L‡Q? Gi eY©bv `vI| N. †g‡niy‡bœmvi †`Lv w`KwUB wkíKjvi cÖavb w`K- gšZe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| b›`jvj emy Zuvi wkíKjv MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb- Ô†h m„wói g‡a¨ gvby‡li cÖ‡qvRb mvab A‡c¶v A‡nZzK Avb›` †ewk, hvnv‡Z gvby‡li ˆRe A‡c¶v AvwZ¥K I gvbwmK Avb›` m„wó †ewk, Zvnv‡K Avgiv jwjZKjv ewjqv AvL¨vwqZ Kwi‡Z cvwi| Avevi hvnv‡K Avgiv jwjZKjv ewj ZvnvI Av‡iK w`K nB‡Z KviyKjv †kªwYfy³ nB‡Z cv‡i| ¯’cwZwe`¨v cÖm~Z myig¨ cÖvmv`‡K hLb gvby‡li emevm Dc‡hvMx Kwiqv †`wL ZLb Zvnv Kviywkí| Avevi Dnv‡K hLb iƒcgq Amxg †mŠ›`h© m„wó wn‡m‡e †`wL ZLb Zvnv PviyKjv|Õ K. cyivKvj k‡ãi A_© Kx ? L. wkíKjv PP©v mK‡ji c‡¶ Acwinvh© †Kb ? M. DÏxc‡Ki jwjZKjv ej‡Z wkíKjvi bvbv w`K cÖe‡Üi †h welqwU‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. PviyKjv I PviyKjvi mgwš^Z iƒc wkíKjv- wkíKjvi bvbv w`K cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡k−lY Ki|

gsoyi c‡_ wecÖ`vk eoyqv

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gsWyi c‡_

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cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ iPbvwU cvV K‡i wk¶v_©xiv cÖwZ‡ekx GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ I ms¯‹…wZi iƒc m¤c‡K© AewnZ n‡Z cvi‡e| IB †`k m¤c‡K© Zv‡ì g‡b fv‡jvevmv mÂvwiZ n‡e| cvV-cwiwPwZ Avgv‡ì c~e© w`‡Ki cÖwZ‡ekx †`k wgqvbgvi| †mB †`k åg‡Yi d‡j †jLK †hme AwfÁZv jvf K‡ib Zvi wKQz weeiY GB iPbvq cwi‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| wgqvbgv‡ii cwðg mxgv‡šZi kni gsoy w`‡q †jL‡Ki IB †`k mdi ïiy n‡qwQj| gsoyi gvby‡li †cvlvK-cwi”Q`, Lv`¨vf¨vm, eëmv-evwYR¨ m¤c‡K© GKwU aviYv GB iPbv †_‡K cvIqv hvq| gsoy‡Z emevmiZ wewfbœ a‡g©i †jvK m¤c‡K©I cwiPq Av‡Q G‡Z| ‡mLvbKvi †g‡qiv A‡bKUv ¯^vaxbfv‡e eëmv-evwYR¨ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg †_‡K A‡b‡K gsoy‡Z wM‡q ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Ki‡Q| Avevi GKB ivLvBb m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK Av‡Q gsoy‡Z I evsjv‡`‡ki cUzqvLvjx‡Z| d‡j `y †`‡ki fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi wgjI †jLK Gfv‡e Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb| GK mg‡q gsoy wQj AvivKvb bv‡gi GK ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Ask| AvivKv‡b wQj gymjgvb‡ì kvmb| wgqvbgv‡i †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x‡ì cÖvavb¨ _vK‡jI gsoy‡Z D‡j−L‡hvM¨ msL¨K gymjgv‡bi emevm j¶ K‡i‡Qb †jLK|

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

†jLK cwiwPwZ wecÖ`vk eoyqvi Rb¥ 1940 mv‡ji 20 †m‡Þ¤^i PÆMÖv‡gi BQvgZx MÖv‡g| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv wel‡q mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ AR©‡bi ci wZwb wkï GKv‡Wgx‡Z Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| mnKvix cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e wZwb Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Mí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK I cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i‡Qb, wj‡L‡Qb wkï‡Zvl Mí Dcb¨vm| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †QvUMí : Ôhy×R‡qi MíÕ, ÔMvOwPjÕ, Dcb¨vm : Ôgyw³‡hv×vivÕ, cÖeÜ : ÔKweZvq evKcÖwZgvÕ; bvUK ÔKzg‡ovjZv I cvwLÕ; Rxebx : Ôwe`¨vmvMiÕ (1988), Ôcj−xKwe RmxgDÏxbÕ, wkï‡Zvl Mí : Ôm~h© jy‡Vi MvbÕ, wkï‡Zvl Dcb¨vm : Ô†iveU I dzj †dvUv‡bvi inm¨Õ| wZwb `yevi AMÖYx e¨vsK wkïmvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi Ges evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| Kg©-Abykxjb K.

ÔgsWyi c‡_Õ ågb KvwnbxwUi †Kvb †Kvb welq †Zvgv‡K Avb›` `vb Ges AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q Zvi weeiY `vI|

†Zvgvi e¨w³MZ åg‡Yi weeiY w`‡q GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki m( GKK KvR, Qwe †fŠ‡MvwjK wPÎ BZ¨vw` ms‡hvRb Kiv hv‡e)|

bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ : 1

wgqvbgv‡i †eŠ× wf¶z‡`i Kx ejv nq ? K. cy‡ivwnZ

L. dzw½

M. eªvþY

N. gnv‡_‡iv

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M. †mjvB Kiv jyw½i gZ

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me‡`‡ki †jvK we‡`wk‡`i wPb‡Z cv‡ii. †cvkvK cwiPQ` †`‡L ii. PvjPjb †`‡L iii. Lvevi `vevi †`‡L wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i

L. i I ii

M. ii I iii

N. i, ii I iii

gsWyi c‡_

DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Aby`vk¼i ivq d«v‡Ýi c¨vwim wb‡q †jLv cvix cÖe‡Ü e‡j‡Qb- Òcvixi hviv Avmj Awaevmx, Lye LvU‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zv‡ì mybvg Av‡Q| †g‡qiv Mí Kivi mgqI Rvgv †mjvB K‡i| Rvgv-Kvc‡oi kLUv divkx‡ì Am¤¢e iKg †ewk, we‡kl K‡i divmx †g‡q‡ì I wkï‡ìÓ| 4.

DÏxc‡K gsoyi c‡_ cÖe‡Üi wgqvbgvievmxi ms¯‹…wZi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv njÑ i. †fvRb wejvwmZv ii. f~lY wejvwmZv iii. kªgwbôv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i

L. i I ii

M. ii I iii

N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

bvi‡Kj kªxjsKvb‡ì Aw¯Z‡Z¡i m‡½ RwoZ| bvi‡Kj †Zj Qvov Zviv †Kv‡bv Lvevi ivbœv K‡i bv| Kvwi‡Z bvi‡Kj †Zj QvovI ¸uov ïuUwK gvQ eënvi Kiv nq| GB ¸uov ïuUwK‡K Zviv gmjvi Ask wn‡m‡e †`‡L| Giv ivbœvq cÖPzi Migmjv Ges jvj gwiP eënvi K‡i|

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evsjv beel©

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kãv_© I UxKv cvwK¯—v‡b Avgj

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g½j †kvfvhvÎv

Ñ gvby‡li g½jKvgbv K‡i †h wgwQj Kiv nq|

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Ñ hv Av‡M wQj Ges GL‡bv Av‡Q|

cyY¨vn

Ñ cy‡Y¨i Rb¨ Av‡qvwRZ Abyôvb|

nvjLvZv

Ñ c‡njv ‰ekv‡L Av‡qvwRZ Abyôvb-we‡kl|

KweMvb

Ñ evsjA Mv‡b we‡kl aviv| `„Rb MvqK cvjv K‡i G‡K A‡b¨i hyw³ LÛb K‡ib Mv‡b Mv‡b|

KxZ©b

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hvÎv

Ñ cÖvPxb evsjvi `„k¨ Kve¨, g‡Â bvP¨vwfbq|

‰emvix

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Ñ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii cwievi|

wek¦we`¨vjq

Ñ GLv‡b XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

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evsjv fvlvi Rb¥K_v

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L. i I iii

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N. i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1.

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L. ii

M. i I ii

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mvwnZ¨ KwYKv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5.

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mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ

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c‡Q †jvK wKQz e‡j

gnr KvR m¤cv`‡b †KvbwU‡K D‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e ? K. ms‡KvP L. mskq L. msKí N. evav

Av‡Z©i cv‡k `uvov‡Z wM‡qI Kwe Kvwgbx ivq †Kb D‡c¶v K‡i P‡j hvb ? K. †ivMvµvšZ nIqvi f‡q L. mgv‡jvPbvi f‡q M. mn‡hvwMZvi f‡q N. †QvU nIqvi f‡q Ôcv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡jÕ KweZvwU cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ gv‡S †Kvb ai‡bi Aby‡cÖiYv m„wó K‡i ? K. fqnxbZv L. c‡ivcKvwiZv M. mvnwmKZv N. ms‡KvPnxbZv

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : gvmy` MÖv‡gi †eKvi‡ì hyeK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjvi cwiKíbv K‡i| †m fv‡e GK mgq cÖPzi Avq n‡e, †eKviiv ¯^wbf©i n‡e| wKš‘ hw` †m G Kv‡R mdj n‡Z bv cv‡i Zvn‡j Zvi mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡e| ZvB †m Avi cwiKíbv ev` †`q| 4. DÏxc‡Ki gvmy‡ì gv‡S Ôcv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡jÕ KweZvi †Kvb we‡kl w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q ? K. fxiyZv L. mskq L. nZvkv N. `ye©jZv 5. Kvwgbx iv‡qi `„wó‡ZB gvmy‡ì G D‡`¨vM mdj Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ i . `„p msKíe× n‡j ii. mKj mskq `~i Ki‡j iii. mvnmx c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii M. ii I iii

L. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ wb‡Pi KweZvsk c‡o wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : 1. wb›`y‡K‡i evwm Avwg mevi †P‡q fv‡jv hyM-Rb‡gi eÜz Avgvi Avuavi N‡ii Av‡jv| mevB †gv‡i Qvo‡Z cv‡i eÜz hviv Av‡Q wb›`yK †m Qvqvi g‡Zv _vK‡e cv‡Q cv‡Q| wek¦R‡b wbt¯^ K‡i, cweÎZv Av‡b mvaK R‡b wb¯Zvwi‡Z Zvi g‡Zv †K Rv‡b ? webvg~‡j¨ gqjv ay‡q K‡i cwi®‹vi, wek¦ gv‡S Ggb `qvj wgj‡e †Kv_v Avi ? wb›`yK †m †eu‡P _vKzK wek¦wn‡Zi Z‡i Avgvi Avkv c~Y© n‡e Zvnvi K…cv f‡i| K. L. M. N.

m`v kãwUi A_© Kx ? msk‡q m¼í m`v U‡jÑ†Kb ? DÏxc‡Ki wb›`yK I Ôcv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡jÕ KweZvq wb›`y‡Ki mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡Ki wb›`y‡Ki cÖfve Avi Ôcv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡jÕ KweZvq ewY©Z wb›`y‡Ki cÖfve‡K GKm~‡Î Muv_v hvq Kx ? hyw³mn eywS‡q †jL|

MÖx‡®§i QzwU n‡j kwdK evwo‡Z Av‡m| K‡qKRb †eKvi hyeK I mncvVx eÜz‡K wb‡q cwiKíbv K‡i MÖv‡g ˆbkwe`¨vjq †Lvjvi| mevB Zvi G cÖ¯Zve‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvq| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eBcÎ, Ni, wk¶K meB wbe©vPb K‡i| Ggb mgq MÖv‡gi GK †jvK, e‡j BZtc~‡e© Kvgvj gv÷v‡ii g‡Zv gvbyl G Kv‡R †dj ‡g‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b KwP wkïiv Lyj‡e ˆbk we`¨vjq| Zvn‡j wm× av‡b MR Avm‡e| GK_v ï‡b Zviv `‡g hvq| K. L. M. N.

msKí kãwUi A_© Kx ? GKwU †mœ‡ni K_vq Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i e¨v_v `~i n‡Z cv‡i ? kwd‡Ki D‡`¨vM e¨vnZ nIqvi KviY Ôcv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡jÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| kwd‡Ki gv‡S †m ai‡bi cwieZ©b G‡j †m Zvi cwiKíbv‡K ev¯ZevwqZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡Zv Zv Ôcv‡Q †jv‡K wKQz e‡jÕ KweZvi Av‡jv‡K hyw³mn †jL|

bvix KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg

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mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

kãv_© I UxKv mvg¨ Ñ mgZv| mK‡ji R‡b¨ mg AwaKvi| Ñ mygnvb| GLv‡b gwngvw¤^Z A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q| gnxqvb Ñ hy×| jovB| iY KZ bvix w`j wmuw_i wmu`yi Ñ AmsL¨ bvix ¯^vgx‡K nvwi‡q‡Q| KZ gvZv w`j ü`q Dcvwo Ñ ü`qfiv ggZv w`‡q DrmvwnZ Kij bvix| Ñ R‡qi wbqšZv †èx wn‡m‡e bvix‡K Kíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| weRq-j²x bvix Ñ RqXvK| W¼v Ñ iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb| m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb| iPv Ñ AZ¨vPvi| wbh©vZb| kvixwiK Kó cÖ`vb| cxob Ñ hšÎYv| Kó| †e`bv| cxov cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ KweZvwU cvV K‡i wk¶v_©xiv bvixi cÖwZ kª×vkxj n‡e| gvbemf¨Zvq bvixi Ae`vb †h cyiy‡li †P‡q Kg bq Zv †R‡b bvixi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj n‡e| cvV-cwiwPwZ ÔbvixÕ KweZvwU KvRx bRiyj Bmjv‡gi Ômvgëv`xÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ| mvgëv`x Kwe Ôbi-bvixÕ Dfq‡KB gvbyl wn‡m‡e †`‡Lb| wZwb RM‡Z bi I bvixi mvg¨ ev mgvb AwaKv‡i Av¯’vevb| Zuvi g‡Z, c„w_ex‡Z gvbemf¨Zv wbg©v‡Y bvix I cyiy‡li Ae`vb mgvb| wKš‘ BwZnv‡m cyiy‡li Ae`vb hZUv †jLv n‡q‡Q bvixi Ae`vb ZZUv †jLv nq wb| wKš‘ GLb w`b G‡m‡Q mg AwaKv‡ii| ZvB bvixi Ici wbh©vZb Pj‡e bv, Zuvi AwaKvi‡K ¶zbœ Kiv Pj‡e bv| bvix-cyiyl mevB‡K my›ì I D¾¡j fwel¨r iPbv Ki‡Z n‡e mw¤§wjZfv‡e| Kwe-cwiwPwZ KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg 1899 wLªóv‡ãi 15B †g (evsjv 1306 mv‡ji 11B ˆR¨ô) ea©gvb †Rjvi Avmvb‡mvj gnKzgvi Pziywjqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb we`¨vj‡qi cov‡kvbv †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| `kg †kªwYi QvÎ _vKvKv‡j cÖ_g gnvhy× ïiy n‡j wZwb ¯‹zj †Q‡o evOvwj c›U‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| hy× †kl n‡j 1919 wLªóv‡ã evOvwj c›Ub †f‡O †`qv nq| bRiyj KjKvZvq wd‡i G‡m mvwnZ¨PP©vq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| G mgq ÔmvßvwnK weRjxÕ cwÎKvq Zuvi Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ n‡j Pviw`‡K mybvg Qwo‡q c‡o| Zuvi KweZvq civaxbZv I Ab¨v‡qi weiy‡× we‡`ªvn D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q| AwePvi I †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× wZwb Zuvi †jLvq cÖej cÖwZev` K‡ib| GRb¨ Zuv‡K we‡`ªvnx Kwe ejv nq| Zuvi iPbvewj Am¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbvi GK DËg `„óvšZ| KweZv, msMxZ, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ I Mí-mvwn‡Zï mKj kvLvq Avgiv Zuvi cÖwZfvi D¾¡j cwiPq †c‡q _vwK| evsjvq wZwb Bmjvwg Mvb I MRj wj‡L cÖksmv †c‡q‡Qb| †jLvq wZwb Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi eënv‡i KzkjZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| `yf©vM¨ †h, gvÎ †ZZvwj−k eQi eq‡m wZwb KwVb †iv‡M AvµvšZ nb Ges Zuvi mvwnZ¨mvabvq †Q` N‡U| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1972 mv‡j Kwe‡K XvKvq G‡b evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wZwb Avgv‡ì RvZxq Kwe| Zvui weL¨vZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-AwMœexYv, we‡li evukxg mvgëv`x, me©nviv, wmÜz-wn‡›`vj, PµevKg wi‡³i †e`b BZ¨vw`| Kwe 1976 mv‡ji 29†k AvMó XvKvq g„ZzëiY K‡ib| Kwe 1976 mv‡ji 29 AvM÷ XvKvq g„ZzëiY K‡ib|

bvix

Kg©-Abykxjb K. †Zvgvi cwiwPwZRb‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb †Kv‡bv bvixi Rxebv‡jL¨ iPbv K‡iv hvi Kg©RMr wb‡q Zzwg Me© Ki‡Z cvi (GKK KvR) L. bvix-cyi“‡li g‡a¨ †f`v‡f‡ì ¯îƒc wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ †Zvgvi mncvVx‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU M‡elYv Pvjv‡Z cvi| Gi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq cÖ_‡gB cÖkœgvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- 1. msmv‡i me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~b© †K? DËi n‡Z cv‡i bvix, cyi“l, A_ev DfqB|

KvRx bRiyj Bmjvg KZ mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib ? K. 1919

1972

L. 1975

1976

ex‡ii ¯§„wZ¯Z‡¤¢i Mv‡q †KvbwU †jLv †bB ? K. †ev‡bi †mev

bvixi wmuw_i wmu`yi

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ii.

iii. g‡šÎi mvab wKsev kixi cvZb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii

L. i I iii

M. ii I iii

N. i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : MYmsMxZ wkíx Kv½vjx mywdqv RxweKvi ZvwM‡` †Kv`vj UzKwi-wb‡q cyiyl kªwgK‡ì mv‡_ gv_vq Nvg cv‡q †d‡j gvwU Kv‡U| w`b †k‡l gRywi wb‡Z wM‡q †`‡L cyiyl kªwgK‡ì †Ìqv n‡PQ `y‡kv UvKv Avi Zv‡K †Ìqv nj GK‡kv UvKv| Gi KviY wR‡Ám Ki‡j gvwjK e‡jÑ GUvB wbqg!

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

DÏxcKwUi mv‡_ bvix KweZvi fveMZ H‡Kï w`KwU njÑGUvB wbqg! i. êlg¨ ii. †kvlY iii. mvg¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 5. D³ fve wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ? K. A‡a©K Zvi Kwiqv‡Q bvix A‡a©K Zvi bi L. KZ bvix w`j wmuw_i wmu`yi †jLv bvB Zvi cv‡k M. †e`bvi hyM, gvby‡li hyM, mv‡gï hyM AvwR N. †Kvb Kv‡j GKv nqwb †Kv Rqx cyiy‡li Zievix m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

†Rmwgb bvgwU GLb UK Ae `¨v Kvw›Uª| GKRb bvix n‡q RvwZmsNmn we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k wbe©vPbÑmsµvšZ KvR K‡i‡Qb| m¤cÖwZ PÆMÖvg wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb wbe©vP‡bi g‡Zv wekvj Kg©hÁ wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ mgvß K‡i‡Qb| wiUvwb©s Awdmvi wn‡m‡e wZwb Ab¨vb¨ cyiyl mnKg©x‡`i KvQ †_‡K h_vh_ mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q‡Qb| bvix e‡j †Kv_vI Zv‡K mgm¨vq co‡Z nq wb| K. L. M. N.

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Avevi Avwme wd‡i Rxebvb›` `vk

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mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ

GK ai‡bi mv`v wPj| b~cyi, cv‡qi AjsKvi| ïK‡bv RvqMv, ¯’jf~wg| GK ai‡bi ¸e‡i †cvKv| myj¶Yhy³ †cuPv| †QvU †bŠKv| cvwLi evmvq| mv`v| bZzb avbKvUvi ci Avgv‡ì †`‡k G Drme nq| G Drm‡e `ya, ¸o, bvi‡K‡ji m‡½ wgwk‡q bZzb AvZc Pv‡ji fvZ LvIqv nq| avbwmwo Ñ SvjKvwV †Rjvq avbwmwo bv‡g GKwU b`x wQj| GLb b`xwU g‡i †M‡Q| Kwe Zuvi KweZvq G b`xwUi bvg eënvi K‡i‡Qb| Ñ Lyjbv kn‡ii cvk w`‡q cÖevwnZ GKwU b`xi bvg| G bv‡g SvjKvwV †RjvqI GKwU †QvU b`x iƒcmv Av‡Q| Rjv½x Ñ Kwe GLv‡b b`x‡K Rjv½x (A_©vr Rj hvi A‡½) bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`k‡K Kwe Rjv½xi †XD‡q †fRv evsjv e‡j‡Qb| KvwZ©‡Ki bev‡bœi †`‡k – Kwe wb‡Ri Rb¥f~wg evsjv‡`k‡K bev‡bœi †`k e‡j‡Qb| bevbœ A_© bZzb fvZ| KvwZ©K gv‡m N‡i bZzb& avb Zz‡j K…l‡Kiv bevbœ Drm‡e †g‡Z I‡V| cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ wk¶v_©xiv evsjvi cÖK…wZi iƒc‰ewP‡Îï cÖwZ AvKl©Y Abyfe Ki‡e| Zv‡ì g‡b wb‡Ri †`‡ki cÖwZ ggZ¡‡ev‡ai RvMiY NU‡e| cvV-cwiwPwZ G KweZvwU Kwei Ôiƒcmx evsjvÕ Kve¨ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| Kwe G KweZvq †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, wZwb wb‡Ri †`k‡K LyeB fv‡jvev‡mb| wcÖq Rb¥f~wgi AZ¨šZ Zz”Q wRwbm¸‡jv Zuvi `„wó‡Z my›ì n‡q aiv c‡o‡Q| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, hLb Zuvi g„Zz¨ n‡e ZLb †`‡ki m‡½ Zuvi ggZvi euvab †kl n‡e bv| wZwb evsjvi b`x, gvV, dm‡ji †LZ‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m k•LwPj ev kvwj‡Ki †e‡k G‡`‡k wd‡i Avm‡eb| Avevi KLbI ev †fv‡ii KvK n‡q Kzqvkvq wg‡k hv‡eb| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i, wZwb nuvm n‡q mvivw`b Kjwgi M‡Ü fiv we‡ji cvwb‡Z †f‡m †eov‡eb| GgbwK w`‡bi †k‡l †h mv`v e‡Ki `j †g‡Ni †Kvj †Nu‡l bx‡o wd‡i Av‡m Zv‡ì gv‡SI Kwe‡K Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e| Gfv‡e wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcgq cÖK…wZi m‡½ wg‡k hv‡eb| KweÑcwiwPwZ Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk 1899 wLªóv‡ãi 17B †deªyqvwi ewikvj kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb 1921 mv‡j KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Gg.G. cvk K‡ib| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Zï Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e Zuvi Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiy nq Ges wZwb wewfbœ mg‡q KjKvZv wmwU K‡jR, w`wj− ivghk K‡jR, ewikvj eªR‡gvnb K‡jR, LoMcyi K‡jR, ewilv K‡jR I nvIov K‡j‡R Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| GK mgq wZwb mvsevw`KZv †ckvI Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb| Rxebvb›` `v‡ki KweZvq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZi is I iƒ‡ci wewPÎ cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| A‡bK ARvbv MvQ, cï-cvwL I jZvcvZv Zuvi KweZvq bZzb cwiP‡q aiv c‡o‡Q| cÖK…wZ‡cÖwgK GB Kwe cÖK…wZ †_‡KB Zuvi KweZvi iƒcim msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| KweZv QvovI wZwb Mí, Dcb¨vm I cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 1954 mv‡ji 22†k A‡±vei KjKvZvq GK Uªvg `~N©Ubvq wbnZ nb|

Avevi Avwme wd‡i

avbwmwo wK‡mi bvg ? K. b`xi L. kn‡ii M. av‡bi N. MÖv‡gi ÔAvevi Avwme wd‡iÕ KweZvwU Kwei †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q ? K. a~mi cvÊywjwc L. iƒcmx evsjv M. SivcvjK N. ebjZv †mb Ômvivw`b †K‡U hv‡e Kjwgi MÜ fiv R‡j †f‡m †f‡mÕÑGLv‡b mvivw`b †K‡U hv‡e Kvi ? K. nuv‡mi L. wK‡kvixi M. Kv‡Ki N. Kwei

wb‡Pi KweZvskwU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Ô†Mvaywj jM‡b RM`x‡k ¯§i‡Y we`vq jBe Rb‡gi Z‡i jyKvBe Avwg mÜ¨vi Avuav‡i evsjv gv‡qi †µv‡oÕ 4.

DÏxc‡K ÔAvevi Avwme wd‡iÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q ? K. ¯^‡`kPZbv L. g„Zz¨‡PZbv M. cÖK…wZ‡PZbv N. ag©‡PZbv D³ mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Y ? L. Avevi Avwme wd‡i avbwmwowUi Zx‡i GB evsjvq M. nq‡Zv †`wL‡e †P‡q my`k©b Dwo‡Z‡Q mÜ¨vi evZv‡m N. Avevi Avwme Avwg evsjvi b`x gvV †LZ fv‡jv‡e‡m wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i I ii M. ii I iii

L. N.

i I iii i, ii I iii

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1.

cj−xi mš—vb †mŠwgK DPPgva¨wgK cix¶vq DËxY© n‡q D”P wk¶v‡_© d«vÝ hvq| †mLvbKvi mycÖ¯Z ivRc_, D`¨vb, wbg©j cÖK…wZ Zvi Lye fvj jv‡M| iv¯ZvNvU, †ij‡÷kb, evm-÷‡cR me RvqMvq †`wk-we‡`wk ¯§iYxq e¨w³e‡M©i g~wZ© ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g divwm‡`i †`k‡cÖg †`‡L †m wew¯§Z nq| I‡`i K¨v‡c wgDwRqvg mewKQzB Zv‡K AvK…ó K‡i| D”Pwk¶v †kl K‡i AwgZ ¯’vqxfv‡e †mLv‡b †_‡K hvq| divwm †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖve‡j¨ µgk a~mi n‡q hvq Zvi AZxZ¯§„wZ| K. L. M. N.

DVv‡b LB‡qi avb Qovq †K ? gvbyl bv n‡q k•LwPj, kvwj‡Ki †e‡k Rxebvb›` `vk G‡`‡k wdi‡Z Pvb †Kb ? DÏxcKwU ÔAvevi Avwme wd‡iÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i ? eY©bv Ki| Awg‡Zi AbyfywZ Avi Rxebbv›` `v‡ki AbyfywZ GKm~‡Î Muv_vÑDw³wU g~j¨vqb Ki|

evsjvi nvIqv evsjvi Rj ü`q Avgvi K‡i mykxZj GZ myL kvwšZ GZ cwigj †Kv_v cve Avi evsjv Qvov| K. L. M. N.

ÔAvevi Avwme wd‡iÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q ? evsjvi meyR KiyY WvOv ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ? DÏxcK Aej¤^‡b Avevi Avwme wd‡i KweZvi cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`‡h©i eY©bv `vI| †Kv_v cve Avi evsjv QvovÑK_vwUi m‡½ Kwe Rxebvb›` `v‡ki evsjvq wd‡i Avmvi AvKv•Lv Kxfv‡e m¤cwK©ZÑA‡jvPbv Ki|

†`k RmxgD`&`xb †L‡Zi c‡i †LZ P‡j‡Q, †L‡Zi bvwn †kl meyR nvIqvq `yj‡Q I Kvi G‡jv gv_vi †Kk| †mB †K‡k‡Z Mqbv civq cÖRvcwZi SuvK, PÂz‡Z Rj wQUvq †m_v Kvj Kvj KvK| mv`v mv`v eK-K‡biv i‡P †m_vq gvjv, kirKv‡ji wkwki †m_v R¡vjvqgvwbK Avjv| Zvwi gvqvq †_vKv †_vKv †`v‡j av‡bi Qov; gvi AvuP‡ji cik †hb mKj Afve-niv| e‡bi c‡i eb P‡j‡Q e‡bi bvwn †kl, dz‡ji d‡ji myevm fiv G †Kvb cwii †`k? wbweo Qvqvq Avuavi Kiv cvZvi cvivevi iwei Av‡jv LÊ n‡q bvP‡Q cv‡q Zvi| myevm dz‡ji ey‡bvU Kiv e‡bi wjwcLvwb, Wv‡ji †_‡K Wv‡ji c‡i wdi‡Q cvwL Uvwb| KwP KwP e‡bi cvZv Kuvc‡Q Zvwi my‡i †QvU †QvU †iv‡`i ¸u‡ov Zjvq bv‡P Ny‡i gv_vi c‡i Kv‡jv Kv‡jv †gNijv G‡m †f‡o ey‡bv nvwZi `j G‡m‡Q AvKvkLvwb †Q‡o| b`xi c‡i b`x †M‡Q b`xi bvwn †kl, KZ ARvb Muv †cwi‡q KZ bv Rvb †`k| mvZ mvM‡ii cY¨ P‡j mI`vM‡ii bvq myavi aviv Mwo‡q c‡o MÄ-bMi Qvq| PLvq gyLi evjyi Piv nv‡m KZB Zx‡i dz‡ji e‡b iwOb n‡q hvq ev Kfy ax‡i `ªyZ wgbvi-†mŠa P~ovi †Kvj †Nuwl‡q hvq KZ kni nvU-e›`i-evRvi †d‡j evq| KZ bv‡qi fvwUqvwji Mv‡b D`vm n‡q b`xi c‡i b`x P‡j †Kvb ARvbvq e‡q|

PÂz Avjv kirKv‡ji wkwki †m_v R¡vjvq gvwbK Avjv gvi AvuP‡ji cik †hb mKj Afve niv myevm d‡ji ey‡bvU Kiv e‡bi wjwcLvwb ey‡bv nvwZi `j G‡m‡Q AvKvkLvwb †Q‡o bvq myavi aviv Mwo‡q c‡o MÄ-bMi Qvq myLx PLv cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨

G KweZv cvV K‡i wk¶v_©xiv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖK…wZ‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z wkL‡e| cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© m¤c‡K© m‡PZb n‡e| Zv‡`i g‡b †`‡ki cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva m„wó n‡e| cvV-cwiwPwZ Ô†`kÕ KweZvwU RmxgD`&`x‡bi ÔgvwUi KvbœvÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ| G KweZvq Kwe MÖvgevsjvi cÖK…wZ I gvby‡li Qwe dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| MÖvgevsjvi cÖK…wZi GKw`‡K i‡q‡Q w`MšZÑwe¯Z…Z av‡bi †LZ, †mLv‡b cvL-cvLvwji Avbv‡Mvbv, ki‡Zi †kvfv, dm‡ji nvZQvwb| wKš‘ gv‡V †h †mvbvi dmj d‡j wbt¯^ f~wgnxb gvbyl †m dm‡ji AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ| MÖv‡gi Avi GKw`‡K i‡q‡Q eb-ebvbx| dz‡j I d‡ji m¤¢v‡i I bvbv ebR m¤c‡` ficyi †m-me| MÖvg evsjvq e‡q †M‡Q KZÑbv b`x| †mB b`x‡Z †bŠKv fvmvq gvwS| mI`vM‡ii `j kn‡i-M‡Ä mI`v †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi bvbv Afve †gUvq| wKš‘ †mB b`x‡ZI wbt¯^ f~wgnxb gvby‡li †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB| Gfv‡eB Kwe MÖv‡gi ewÂZ `wi`ª gvbyl‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi mnvbyf~wZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|

†`k

Kwe cwiwPwZ Kwe RmxgD`&`xb 1903 wLªóv‡ãi 1jv Rvbyqvwi dwi`cyi †Rjvi Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g, gvZzjvj‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZ…wbevm dwi`cy‡ii †Mvwe›`cyi MÖv‡g| 1931 wLªóv‡ã wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ Gg. G. cvm K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiy‡Z wZwb cvuP eQi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| c‡i wZwb miKv‡ii Z_¨ I cÖPvi wefv‡M D”Pc‡` †hvM †`b| QvÎRxe‡bB wZwb KweZv wjL‡Z ïiy K‡ib| wZwb hLb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ ZLb Zuvi †jLv ÔKeiÕ KweZvwU we‡klfv‡e cÖkswmZ nq| Zuvi KweZvq Avgiv cwj−i gvbyl I cÖK…wZi mnRÑmy›ì iƒcwU †`L‡Z cvB| cwj−i gvwU I gvby‡li m‡½ Zuvi Kweü`q †hb GK n‡q wg‡k Av‡Q| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ : Mv_vKve¨ : ÔbKmxKuv_vi gvVÕ, Ô†mvRb evw`qvi NvUÕ, Kve¨MÖš’ : ÔivLvjxÕ, ÔgvwUi KvbœvÕ; bvUK : Ô†e‡ì †g‡qÕ; Dcb¨vm : Ô†evev KvwnbxÕ; Mv‡bi msKjb : ÔiwOjv bv‡qi gvwSÕ; Zvi wkï‡Zvl : ÔnvmÕy, ÔGK cqmvi euvkxÕ, ÔWvwjgKzgviÕ; ¯§„wZK_v : VvKzievwoi AvwObvq; ågYKvwnbx : P‡j gymvwdi| wek¦fviZx wek¦we`¨vjq KZ…©K Zuv‡K m¤§vbm~PK wWwjU wWwMÖ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| wZwb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii GKz‡k c`K jvf K‡ib| 1976 wLªóv‡ã 13B gvP© XvKvq wZwb g„ZzëiY K‡ib| eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : K. msev` cvV, Abyôvb Dc¯’vcb I Ave„wËi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| cÖwZwU wel‡q wk¶v_©x‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g cv_©‡Kï welqwU ¯úó K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| L. †Zvgvi †`k I †`‡ki cÖK…wZ wb‡q Qov, KweZv, Mí BZ¨vw` wj‡L †kªwY‡Z cÖ`k©Y‡Z cÖ`k©‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki (†kªwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi AskMÖn‡Y)| bygbv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1.

Ô†`kÕ KweZvwU Kwei †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K PwqZ ? K. bKmxKuv_vi gvV L. †mvRb evw`qvi NvU M. gvwUi Kvbœv N. ivLvjx kir Kv‡ji wkwki †m_v R¡vjvq gvwbK Avjv| ÕÑG K_vi Zvrch©: i. wkwki †iv‡`i `y¨wZ we”QziY ii. wkwk‡ii UjUjvqgvb Ae¯’v iii. kvi`xq cÖK…wZi D¾¡j iƒc

K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii Kwe gvZ…‡mœ‡ni mgZzj¨ we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb †KvbwU‡K ? K. av‡bi Qov L. dz‡ji myevm M. cvZvi cvivevi N. †iv‡`i ¸u‡ov

100

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

DÏxcKwU Ô‡`kÕ DÏxcKwU c‡o cªkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Avgvi evwoi Muv‡qi c‡_ meyR gv‡Vi av‡i A`~i e‡bi nvZQvwb fvB gb †h m`vB Kv‡o| mKvj muv‡S Avcb Kv‡R ivLvj †M‡q hvq nvIqvq `ywj av‡bi wk‡l WvK †` e‡j Avq| DÏxcKwU Ô†`kÕ KweZvi m‡½ †Kvb welqMZ w`K †_‡K msMwZ iPbv K‡i ? i. cÖK…wZ ii. gvbyl iii. dmj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii Dwj−wLZ msMwZi AšZwb©wnZ HK¨MZ w`KwU njÑ K. †`k‡cÖg L. cÖK…wZ †cÖg M. ¯^„RvZ¨‡eva N. gvbe‡cÖg

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Avgvi evsjv gv †Zvi AvKzj Kiv iƒ‡ci myavq ü`q Avgvi hvq Rywo‡q I Avgvi evsjv gv‡Mv| dv¸‡b †Zvi K…òPzov cjvk e‡b Kx‡mi nvwm ˆPZxiv‡Z D`vm my‡i ivLvj evRvq euv‡ki evukx| L. M. N. O.

b`xi ¯^cœ

Pòz kãwUi A_© Kx ? Ôgvi AvuP‡ji cik †hb mKj Afve nivÕÑK_vwUi A_© eywS‡q ej| DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g Pi‡Y Ô†`kÕ KweZvi †h Abyf~wZi QvqvcvZ Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxcK Avi Ô†`kÕ KweZvwU †hb GKB my‡i euvavÑwe‡k−lY Ki|

ey×‡è emy †Kv_vq P‡j‡Qv ? Gw`‡K G‡mv bv! `z‡Uv K_v †kv‡bv w`wK, GB bvIÑGB PKP‡K, †Qv‡Uv, bZzb iy‡cvi wmwK| †QvKvbyi Kv‡Q `y‡Uv Avwb Av‡Q, †Zvgvq w`w”Q ZvI, Avgv‡ì hw` †Zvgvi m‡½ †bŠKvq Zz‡j bvI| †bŠKv †Zvgvi Nv‡U euvav Av‡QÑ hv‡e wK A‡bK `~‡i? cv‡q cwo, gvwS, mv‡_ wb‡q P‡jv †gv‡i Avi †QvKvby‡i| Avgv‡i †P‡bv bv? Avwg †h KvbvB| †QvKvby Avgvi †evb| †Zvgvi m‡½ †eov‡ev Avgiv †gNbv, cÙv, †kvb| †kv‡bv, gv GLb Nywg‡q Av‡Qb w`w` †M‡Q BkKz‡j, GB dvu‡K †gv‡iÑAvi †QvKvby‡iÑ †bŠ‡Kvq bvI Zz‡j| †Kv‡bv fq †bBevevi eKzwb †Zvgvq n‡e bv †L‡Z, hZ †`vl me AvgivÑbv, Avwg GKv †b‡ev gv_v †c‡Z| A‡bK i‡Oi cvj Av‡Q, gvwS? †eMywb, ev`vwg, jvj? nj‡Ì?ÑZ‡e †mUv `vI AvR, †eMywbUv w`‡qv Kvj| me¸‡jv b`x †`Lv‡e wKš‘! Av‡M cÙvq P‡jv, `ycy‡ii †iv‡` Sjg‡j Rj e‡q hvq Q‡jvQ‡jv| ï‡q-ï‡q †`wL AevK AvKvk, AvKvk g¯Z e‡ov, c„w_exi me bxj is eywS †mLv‡b K‡i‡Q R‡ov| Suv‡K Suv‡K †eu‡K H `¨v‡Lv cvwL D‡o P‡j hvq `~‡i DuPz †_‡K Iiv †`L‡Z Kx cvq †gv‡i Avi †QvKvby‡i? IUv Kx? †R‡ji †bŠKv? ZvB †Zv! Rvj †U‡b †Zvjv `vq, 102

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

iƒ‡cvwj b`xi iƒ‡cvwj BwjkÑ Bk, †Pv‡L Sjmvq! Bwjk wKb‡j? ÑAvt, †ek, †ek, Zzwg Lye fv‡jv, gvwS| Dbyb aivI, †QvKvby †`LvK ivbœvi KvimvwR| cBVvq e‡m †auvqv-IVv fvZ, UvUKv Bwjk-fvRvÑ ‡QvKvby †i, ZzB AvKv‡ki ivbx, Avwg cÙvi ivRv| LvIqv n‡jv †kl, Avevi PjwQ `yj‡Q †QvÆ bvI, nvjKv big nvIqvq †Zvgvi jvj cvj Zz‡j `vI| †`wL e‡m e‡m AvKv‡ki is Kx Avðh© bxj †Qv‡Uv cvwL AviI †Qv‡Uv n‡q hvq AvKv‡ki gy‡L wZj| mvivw`b †M‡jv, m~h© jy‡Kv‡jv R‡ji Zjvi N‡i †mvbv n‡q R¡v‡j cÙvi Rj Kv‡jv n‡jv Zvi c‡i| mÜ¨vi ey‡K Zviv dz‡U I‡VÑ Gevi bvgvI cvj, Mvb a‡iv, gvwS; R‡ji kã SzcSzc †`‡e Zvj| †QvKvbyi †PvL Ny‡g Xy‡j Av‡m Avwg wVK †R‡M AvwQ Mvb MvIqv n‡j Avgvq A‡bK Mí ej‡e, gvwS? ïb‡Z ïb‡Z Avwg Ny‡gvB weQvbv evwjk webvÑ gvwS, Zzwg †`‡Lv †QvKvby‡i, fvB, I e‡ovB fxZz wKbv| Avgvi R‡b¨ wK”Qz †f‡ev bv Avwg †Zv e‡ovB cÖvq So G‡j †W‡Kv Avgv‡iÑ†QvKvby †hb my‡L Nyg hvq| me bvI, gvwS, PKP‡K wmwK GB Avwb `y‡Uv, ZvI| j²x †Zv, †gv‡iÑAvi †QvKvby‡i †bŠKvq Zz‡j bvI| b`xi ¯^cœ

103

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108

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110

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bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : 1. Kwe myKvšZ fÆvPvh© KZ eQi eq‡m gviv hvb ? K. 21 L. 22 M. 23 N. 25 2. mKv‡ji GK UzKiv †iv`‡K Kvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q ? K. K…l‡Ki PÂj †PvL L. GK UzKiv †mvbv M. GK UzK‡iv Mig Kvco N. GK RjšZ AwMœwcÊ 3. m~‡h©i Kv‡Q iv¯Zvi av‡bi Dj½ †Q‡jUvi Rb¨ DËvc PvIqvi g‡a¨ Kwei †h Abyf~wZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv njÑ i. mnfvwMZv ii. mngwg©Zv iii. mnMvwgZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i L. iii M. ii N. i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : A_©vfv‡e webvwPwKrmvq gviv hvq wjqvK‡Zi evev| †mB †_‡K cÖPÊ †kvK ey‡K wb‡q XvKv kn‡i wiKkv Pvwj‡q wZj wZj K‡i mÂq K‡i wKQz UvKv| Avi †m UvKv w`‡q Zvi MÖv‡gi evwo gqgbwms‡n M‡o †Zv‡j GKwU nvmcvZvj| hv‡Z †Kv‡bv Amnvq, `yt¯’ gvbyl webv wPwKrmvq gviv bv hvq| 4. wjqvK‡Zi Kvh©µ‡g ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv njÑ i. gnvbyfeZv ii. gvbeZv iii. gvbwmKZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 5. ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvq Kwe myKv‡šZi RjšZ AwMœwcÊ nIqv Avi DÏxc‡K wjqvK‡Zi †kvKMÖ¯Z nIqv Avm‡jÑ i. AvZ©-gvbeZvi Kj¨vY Kiv ii. Kj¨v‡Yi j‡¶¨ AbycÖvwYZ nIqv iii. gvbyl gvby‡li Rb¨ÑG m‡Z¨ DØy× nIqv|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii M. ii I iii 112

L. i I iii N. i, ii I iii mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ : 1. `vwg Mvwo nuvwK‡q evwiaviv Awd‡m hvevi c‡_ weRq miwb wmMb¨v‡j RxY©-kxY© GK wf¶zK bvw`g mv‡n‡ei Mvwoi Rvbvjvi cv‡k wf¶vi _vjv evwo‡q w`‡j wZwb Rvbvjvi Kv‡jv M−vm Zz‡j †`b| Avi fxlY weiw³ cÖKvk K‡i e‡jbÑivwek, wf¶z‡K †`kUv f‡i †M‡Q| K_v ï‡b WªvBfvi Ave`yj e‡jÑm¨vi, Mwie gvbyl, Kx Ki‡e e‡jb? GB wf¶vi Avq †ivRMvi w`‡qB †Zv Iiv msmvi Pvjvq| K. L. M. N.

ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ ? Kwe m~h©‡K R¡jšZ AwMœwcÊ e‡j‡Qb †Kb ? DÏxc‡Ki bvw`g mv‡n‡ei AvPiY ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvi †Kvb fv‡ei mv‡_ ˆemv`„k¨c~Y©ÑeY©bv Ki|? WªvBfvi Ave`y‡ji Awfe¨w³‡Z ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvi g~j‡PZbv cÖKvk †c‡jI Kwe myKv‡šZi B”Qvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U wbÑgšZe¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki| †`wLby †mw`b †i‡j, Kzwj e‡j GK evey mve Zv‡i †V‡j w`j wb‡P †d‡j| †PvL †d‡U Gj Rj, Ggwb Kwiqv wK RMr Rywoqv gvi Lv‡e `ye©j ?

K. L. M. N.

myKvšZ fÆvPv‡h©i Rb¥ mvj KZ ? Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK GKUv R¡jšZ AwMœwc‡Ê cwiYZ neÑej‡Z Kwe Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? KweZvs‡ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvi †h w`KwUi mv‡_ ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zvi eY©bv `vI| D³ ˆemv`„k¨ fve‡K mv`„k¨c~Y© Ki‡Z ÔcÖv_©xÕ KweZvq myKvšZ fÆvPv‡h©i AwfgZ we‡k−lY Ki|

GKz‡ki Mvb Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k †deªyqvwi Avwg wK fywj‡Z cvwi †Q‡jnviv kZ gv‡qi Akªy-Mov G †deªyqvwi Avwg wK fywj‡Z cvwi Avgvi †mvbvi †`‡ki i‡³ ivOv‡bv †deªyqvwi Avwg wK fywj‡Z cvwi| Rv‡Mv bvwMbxiv Rv‡Mv bvwMbxiv Rv‡Mv Kvj‡ev‡kLxiv wkï nZ¨vi we‡¶v‡f AvR KuvcyK emyÜiv, †`‡ki †mvbvi †Q‡j Lyb K‡i †iv‡L gvby‡li `vwe w`b e`‡ji µvwšZ jM‡b Zey †Zviv cvi cvwe? bv, bv, bv, bv, Lyb-ivOv BwZnv‡m †kl ivq †`qv ZviB GKz‡k †deªyqvwi GKz‡k †deªyqvwi\ †mw`bI Ggwb bxj MM‡bi em‡b kx‡Zi †k‡l ivZ RvMv Puv` Pz‡gv †L‡qwQj †n‡m; 114

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv

c‡_ c‡_ †dv‡U iRbxMÜv AjKb›`v †hb, Ggb mgq So Gj GK, So Gj ¶¨vcv ey‡bv| †mB Avauv‡ii cï‡ì gyL †Pbv Zvnv‡ì Z‡i gv‡qi, †ev‡bi, fv‡qi Pig N„Yv Iiv ¸wj †Qv‡o G‡`‡ki cÖv‡Y †`‡ki `vwe‡K †iv‡L I‡ì N„Y¨ c`vNvZ GB evsjvi ey‡K Iiv G‡`‡ki bq, †`‡ki fvM¨ Iiv K‡i weµq Iiv gvby‡li Abœ, e¯Î, kvwšZ wb‡q‡Q Kvwo GKz‡k †deªyqvwi GKz‡k †deªyqvwi| Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv GKz‡k †deªyqvwi Av‡Rv Rvwj‡gi KvivMv‡i g‡i exi †Q‡j exi-bvix Avgvi kwn` fvB‡qi AvZ¥v Wv‡K Rv‡Mv gvby‡li myß kw³ nv‡U gv‡V Nv‡U euv‡K `viyY †µv‡ai Av¸‡b Avevi R¡vj‡ev †deªyqvwi GKz‡k †deªyqvwi GKz‡k †deªyqvwi|

GKz‡ki Mvb

115

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cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ GB cv‡Vi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡b evOvwji AvZ¥Z¨vM wb‡q GK w`‡K Me© Ki‡Z wkL‡e, Ab¨w`‡K Zviv kwn‡ì i‡³i FY †kva Kivi Rb¨ me ai‡bi Ae¯’vq I †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× †mv”Pvi n‡e| cvV-cwiwPwZ ÔGKz‡ki MvbÕ cÖ_g Qvcv nq 1953 wLªóv‡ã| cÖKvwkZ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤cvw`Z ÔGKz‡k †deªqy vwiÕ msKj‡b| GLv‡b 1952 wLªóv‡ã msNwUZ fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡b evOvwj QvÎ-RbZvi Av‡Z¥vrm‡M©i ¯§„wZZc©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi i³`vb wKQz‡ZB we¯§„Z nIqv hvq bv| Ab¨vqfv‡e ¸wjel©YKvix ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Zvwb †kvlK‡ì weiy‡× evOvwj RvwZi RvMÖZ cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi cÖZ¨q e¨³ n‡q‡Q GLv‡b| Kwe-cwiwPwZ Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †PŠayix K_vwkíx, MxwZKvi, cÖvewÜK, Kjvwg÷ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZgvb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjvq mœvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡i wZwb mvsevw`KZv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| mgvRgb¯‹ †jLK wn‡m‡e fvlvAv‡›`vjb (1952) I gyw³hy× (1971) PjvKv‡j we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zuvi iwPZ Zuvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i gv‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jv Mí : ÔK…òc¶Õ, Ômgªv‡Ui QweÕ, Ômy›ì †n my›ìÕ ; ÔAvuavi KzwVi †Q‡jwUÕ BZ¨vw`| ÔWvbwc‡U kIKZÕ, ÔAvuavi KzwVi †Q‡jwUÕ BZ¨vw`| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi, GKz‡k c`K, BD‡b‡¯‹v cyi¯‹vi, e½eÜz cyi¯‹vimn wewfbœ c`K I cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ nb| wZwb 1934 wLªóv‡ãi 12B wW‡m¤î ewikv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges eZ©gv‡b cÖevm-Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Qb| Kg©-Abykxjb K. GKz‡k †deyqvwi Dcj‡¶ †Zvgvi ¯‹z‡j Av‡qvwRZ Abyóv‡b AskMÖnb Ki Ges Abyôv‡b AskMÖnbKv‡j †Zvgvi Abf~wZ eb©bv K‡i GKUv cÖwZ‡e`b iPbv Ki|

116

mvwnZ¨ KwYKv bgybv cÖkœ

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÔAvgvi kwn` fvB‡qi AvZ¥v Wv‡KÕÑ GLv‡b †Kvb kwn‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K. GKvË‡ii gyw³hy‡×i L. evqvbœi fvlv-Av‡›`vj‡bi M. DbmË‡ii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi N. beŸyB‡qi MYAv‡›`vj‡bi KweZvskwU c‡o 2 I 3 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : †Kbbv Avgvi e„× wcZvi kix‡i GLb cï‡ì cÖnv‡ii wPý; 2. KweZvs‡ki mv‡_ wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq wb‡Pi †Kvb jvBbwUi? K. Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv GKz‡k †deªyqvwi L. `viyY †µv‡ai Av¸‡b Avevi R¡vj‡ev †deªyqvwi M. †`‡ki †mvbvi †Q‡j Lyb K‡i †iv‡L gvby‡li `vwe N. w`b e`‡ji µvwšZ jM‡b Zey †Zviv cvi cvwe? 3. KweZvs‡k ewY©Z cïiv n‡”Q ÔGKz‡ki MvbÕ KweZvq ewY©ZÑ i. Iiv G‡`‡ki bqÑPi‡Yi Iiv ii. w`b e`‡ji µvwšZ jM‡b Zey †Zviv cvi cvwe? ÑPi‡Yi Ô†ZvivÕ iii. Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv Zzwg AvR Rv‡Mv GKz‡k †deªyqvwiÑPi‡Yi Ô†ZvivÕ K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. ii I iii m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4. S‡oi iv‡Î, êkvLx w`‡b, eilvi `yw`©‡b AwfhvwÎK, wbf©xK Zviv c_ jq wVK wP‡b| nq‡Zv ev fyj, Zey fq bvB, Ziy‡Yi ZvRv cÖvY c_ nviv‡jI nvi gv‡b bv‡Kv, K‡i P‡j mÜvb Ab¨ c‡_i, gy³ c‡_i, mÜvbx Av‡jv R¡‡j wewb`ª AvuwL ZviKvi mg, c‡_ c‡_ Zviv P‡j| 5.

Iiv ¸wj †Qv‡o G‡`‡ki cÖv‡Y †`‡ki `vwe‡K †iv‡L I‡ì N„Y¨ c`vNvZ GB evsjvi ey‡K Iiv G‡`‡ki bq †`‡ki fvM¨ Iiv K‡i weµq K. ÔGKz‡ki MvbÕ KweZvwU †Kvb kwn‡ì ¯§i‡Y †jLv n‡q‡Q? L. Ô†mB Avuav‡ii cï‡ì gyL †PbvÕÑPiYwU‡Z hv‡ì cï ejv n‡q‡QÑe¨vL¨v Ki| M. cÖ_g DÏxc‡Ki AwfhvwÎK-Gi mv‡_ wØZxq DÏxc‡Ki I‡ì AvPi‡Yi êmv`„k¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki| N. cÖ_g DÏxc‡Ki AwfhvwÎK ÔGKz‡ki MvbÕ KweZvi fvlv kwn`Ñwe‡k−lY Ki|