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Tigum'Aganan"Watershed" Management"Board"
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! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " " " Copyright:"Tigum'Aganan"Watershed"Management"Board"and"Canadian"Urban"Institute,"2013"
CONTENTS!
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Contents"............................................................................................................................................................................................................."i! Acronyms".........................................................................................................................................................................................................."1! Preface"..............................................................................................................................................................................................................."1! Background"....................................................................................................................................................................................................."5! Introduction"...................................................................................................................................................................................................."6! Why"a"Handbook?"....................................................................................................................................................................................."6! Adopting!the!“Ridge@to@Reef”!Framework!for!Watershed!Planning!and!Management"......................................"7! Intended"Users"of"the"Handbook"........................................................................................................................................................"9! I.! The!State!of!the!Watershed!Report!(SOWR)"..................................................................................................................."10! A.! What"is"a"SOWR"............................................................................................................................................................................"10! B.! Demonstrating"the"demands"for"a"SOWR"........................................................................................................................."10! C.! Watershed"Management"Planning"Cycle"..........................................................................................................................."11! II.! Planning!a!SOWR:!An!Exercise!in!Governance".............................................................................................................."13! A.! Why"do"a"SOWR?"........................................................................................................................................................................."13! B.! SOWR"Preparation"Process"....................................................................................................................................................."14! C.! Who"Should"Be"Involved"in"the"Preparation"of"a"SOWR?".........................................................................................."19! D.! Public"Consultation"and"Stakeholder"Participation"in"the"Preparation"of"a"SOWR"........................................"20! III.! Establishing!Baseline!Information!/!Database!for!a!SOWR"............................................................................."23! A.! Establishing"Baselines/Databases"for"a"SOWR".............................................................................................................."23! B.! Identifying"SOWR"Indicators"of"Outputs"and"Outcomes"............................................................................................"25! 1.! SOWR"indicators"linked"to"watershed"management"objectives"........................................................................"25! 2.! Single"or"multiple"sets"of"indicators".............................................................................................................................."27! 3.! Selecting"the"appropriate"indicators"............................................................................................................................."27! 4.! Measuring"the"progress"of"SOWR"indicators"............................................................................................................."28! IV.! Contents!of!a!SOWR"................................................................................................................................................................."29! A.! What"Should"Be"Contained"in"a"SOWR?"............................................................................................................................."29! V.! Watershed!Report!Card:!Reporting!on!Progress!and!Health"..............................................................................."34! A.! What"is"a"Watershed"“Report"Card”?".................................................................................................................................."34! B.! Uses"of"the"“Report"Card”"........................................................................................................................................................"34! C.! Communicating"to"Audiences/Stakeholders"..................................................................................................................."35! D.! Use"of"Digital"Media,"Internet"and"Social"Networks"in"Transmitting"Watershed"Report"Card"Results"."35! E.! Tips"in"Communicating"the"Watershed"‘Report"Card’"................................................................................................."35! F.! Best"Practices"................................................................................................................................................................................"36! Annex!A:!SOWR!Sources!of!Information"......................................................................................................................................"37! Annex!B:!Sample!SOWR!Table!of!Indicators".............................................................................................................................."45! Annex!C:!Tigum@Aganan!Watershed!Indicators"......................................................................................................................"49! Annex!D:!Sample!Table!of!Contents!of!a!SOWR"......................................................................................................................."53! Annex!E:!References!to!Other!SOWRs,!Watershed!Report!Cards,!Watershed!Management!Plans!and! Handbooks"...................................................................................................................................................................................................."60!
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Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"i"
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ACRONYMS!! " AENV" " BFAR" " CADC"" " CADT"" " CBO""" " CBFMA" " CCME" " CLOA"" " CLUP"" " CSO" " CSR" " CUI" " DA'BFAR" DAR" " DENR"" " DILG" " DOST"" " DRRM" " EMB" " ENRO" " EP"" " FGD"" " FLA"" " FLUP"" " GIS" " IFMA" " LDP"" " LGU" " LLDA"" " MGB"" " MIGEDC"" MIGBI"" " NAMRIA" MLGOO""" NEDA"" " NCI" " NCIP" " NGO" " NGP"" " NIPAS" " NOAH"" " NSCB"" " NSO""" " NWRB" OCD" PAGASA" PAMB"" " PO" " PPDFP"" " NSO"" " SOWR"" "
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Alberta"Environment"and"Sustainable"Resource"Development" Bureau"of"Fisheries"and"Aquatic"Resources" Certificates"of"Ancestral"Domain"Claim" Certificates"of"Ancestral"Domain"Title" Community"Based"Organizations" Community'based"Forest"Management"Agreements"" Canadian"Council"of"Ministers"of"the"Environment" Certificate"of"Land"Ownership"Agreements" Comprehensive"Land"Use"Plans" Civil"Society"Organizations" Corporate"Social"Responsibility" Canadian"Urban"Institute" Department"of"Agriculture"–"Bureau"of"Fisheries"and"Aquatic"Resources" Department"of"Agrarian"Reform" Department"of"Environmental"and"Natural"Resources" Department"of"the"Interior"and"Local"Government" Department"of"Science"and"Technology! Disaster"Risk"Reduction"Management" Environmental"Management"Bureau" Environment"and"Natural"Resources"Office" Emancipation"Patents"" Focus"Group"Discussions"" Foreshore"or"Fishpond"Lease"Agreements" Forest"Land"Use"Plans" Geographic"Information"Systems" Industrial"Forest"Management"Agreements" Local"Development"Plans" Local"Government"Unit" Laguna"Lake"Development"Authority" Mines"and"Geo'sciences"Bureau" Metro'Iloilo"Guimaras"Economic"Development"Council" Metro'Iloilo"Guimaras"Bioregion"Initiative! National"Mapping"and"Resource"Information"Authority" Municipal"Local"Government"Operations"Officer" National"Economic"Development"Authority" National"Convergence"Initiative" National"Commission"on"Indigenous"Peoples" Non'Government"Organization" National"Greening"Programme" National"Integrated"Protected"Areas"System" Nationwide"Operational"Assessment"of"Hazards" National"Statistics"Coordinating"Board" National"Statistics"Office" National"Water"Resources"Board" Office"of"Civil"Defence" Philippine"Atmospheric,"Geophysical"and"Astronomical"Services"Administration" Protected"Area"Management"Boards" People’s"Organizations" Provincial"Physical"Development"Framework"Plan" National"Statistics"Office" State"of"the"Watershed"Report" Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"1"
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TAW"" " "" TWG" " " TAWMB"" " TRCA" " " TTAWWQMA'BG"" WQMB"" "
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Tigum'Aganan"Watershed" Technical"Working"Groups" Tigum'Aganan"Watershed"Management"Board" Toronto"and"Region"Conservation"Authority" Tigum'Aganan"Watershed"Water"Quality"Management"Area" Governing"Board"" Water"Quality"Management"Boards
Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"2"
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Preface" " Over" the" last" several" years," extreme" weather" events" have" plagued" the" Philippines," resulting" in" substantial" loss" of" life" and" billions" of" pesos" in" damage" to" public" and" private" property." The" devastating"impact"of"these"natural"disasters"–"particularly"flash"floods,"landslides,"erosion,"storm" surges," inundation" and" even" drought" –" are" increasingly" affecting" much" of" the" Philippine" archipelago."With"advancing"climate"change,"it"is"anticipated"that"these"extreme"weather"events"will" become" the" “new" normal”." The" disasters" accompanying" these" extreme" weather" events" are" being" exacerbated"by"the"deplorable"state"of"the"country’s"watersheds."" " Out"of"the"country’s"30+"million'hectare"land"area,"almost"half"is"classified,"in"theory,"as"forestlands." However,"barely"10"percent"or"2.4"million"hectares"of"the"country’s"forestlands,"many"located"in"the" critical" upland" areas" of" watersheds," have" enough" forest" cover" to" ensure" sufficient" infiltration," reduce" run'off," purify" water," stabilize" slopes" against" erosion," recharge" rivers" and" aquifers" and" maintain" biodiversity." To" make" matters" worse," growing" upland" populations" have" intruded" into" many" of" the" country’s" remaining" forestlands" including" protected" forest" reserves." Large" tracts" of" forest" have" been" stripped" of" trees" and" converted" to" village" settlements" and" upland" farms" or" processed" into" products" such" as" firewood" or" charcoal." These" conditions" have" placed" extreme" pressures"on"the"watersheds’"form"and"function,"meaning"that"the"natural"capacity"of"the"watershed" to"regulate"the"hydrologic"cycle"and"to"provide"a"reliable"supply"of"water"for"local"communities"and" irrigation" is" weakened." The" Philippines" face" an" urgent" challenge" to" restore" the" health" of" its" watersheds"if"the"country"hopes"to"increase"the"resilience"of"its"human"settlements." " With" continuing" land" use" threats" and" magnified" impacts" of" climate" change," the" need" for" both" national" and" local" sustainable" management" of" the" country’s" watersheds" has" become" an" urgent" priority.""To"make"this"shift"requires"a"thorough,"cohesive,"objective"and"science'based"analysis"of" the" conditions" and" dynamics" occurring" in" watersheds." National" and" local" decision'makers," community" stakeholders" and" local" inhabitants" need" to" be" well'informed" to" fully" appreciate" the" critical" issues," challenges," decisions" and" actions" needed" to" manage" their" watersheds" in" the" near" future." " A" State" of" the" Watershed" Report" (SOWR)" is" an" important" document" that" describes" a" watershed’s" existing" characteristics" and" provides" the" necessary" background" information" for" preparing" an" effective"integrated"watershed"management"plan.""A"SOWR"should"not"be"seen"as"an"endpoint"but" rather" as" the" starting" point" of" a" continuous" working" process." While" at" the" outset" it" provides" a" baseline"and"framework"of"the"existing"characteristics"of"a"watershed,"as"new"information"becomes" available"it"can"be"infused"periodically"with"data"and"analysis"to"enhance"the"understanding"of"the" state"of"the"watershed"and"keep"the"basis"of"its"planning"and"management"up"to"date.""" " This" can" be" achieved" through" a" watershed" a" report" card," a" monitoring" and" evaluation" tool" for" periodic" reporting" on" progress" towards" achieving" the" objectives" set" out" in" a" watershed" management" plan," and" a" vehicle" for" communicating" to" decision'makers" and" the" public" on" the" trajectory"of"the"‘vital"signs’"of"watershed"health"based"on"predetermined"indicators"and"targets."" " The" overall" intent" of" a" State" of" Watershed" Report" is" to" present" consistent," relevant," reliable," progressive,"actionable"and"comprehensive"background"information"that"characterizes"the"current" conditions"of"a"watershed."The"information"it"contains"can"be"used"as"the"basis"for"sound"technical" analysis" and" evidence'based" decision" making" in" the" preparation" and" updating" of" a" watershed" management" plan." SOWRs" are" the" foundation" for" broad," integrated" management" plans" and" monitoring"programs"for"the"country’s"watersheds."" Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"3"
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" This" handbook" was" prepared" under" the" Metro" Iloilo'Guimaras" Bioregion" Initiative" (MIGBI)," a" project" of" the" Canadian" Urban" Institute" (CUI)" in" partnership" with" the" Tigum'Aganan" Watershed" Management"Board"(TAWMB)"and"its"various"member"organizations."The"Initiative"was"launched"in" 2010"to"improve"watershed"management"practices"and"strengthen"resilience"in"the"urban"region." The"initiative"supports"better"environmental"management,"and"addresses"water"security"and"food" security"issues,"while"advancing"sustainable"economic"growth"as"well"as"disaster"risk"reduction"and" climate" change" adaptation.""" The" initial" focus" of" the" MIGBI" has" been" on" the" Tigum'Aganan" Watershed," which" is" the" largest" river" basin" in" the" urban" region," the" source" of" water" for" most" domestic"consumption"and"agriculture,"and"the"source"of"much"of"the"flooding"in"recent"years."" " The" MIGBI" involves" a" collaborative" partnership" between" the" Tigum'Aganan" Watershed" Management" Board" (TAWMB)," the" Metro'Iloilo" Guimaras" Economic" Development" Council" (MIGEDC)," and" the" Province" of" Iloilo," with" national'level" involvement" through" the" Department" of" Environment"and"Natural"Resources"(DENR),"the"Department"of"the"Interior"and"Local"Government" (DILG)"and"the"National"Convergence"Initiative"for"Sustainable"Rural"Development"(NCI)." " The"TAWMB"and"CUI"would"like"to"thank"Elmer"Mercado,"EnP,"who"served"as"lead"Philippine"expert" on"the"project"and"who"was"the"primary"author"of"this"handbook."Words"of"appreciation"also"go"out" to"our"Canadian"experts"Gary"Wilkins"of"the"Toronto"and"Region"Conservation"Authority"(TRCA)" and"Mike"Price,"former"head"of"Toronto"Water"for"the"advice"provided"throughout"the"MIGBI." Acknowledgement"is"given"to"Alberta"Environment"and"Sustainable"Resource"Development"and" Conservation"Ontario"for"best"practices"in"preparing"SOWRs"and"Watershed"Report"Cards." " Generous" financial" support" from" the" Government" of" Canada" made" possible" this" unique" collaboration" between" the" Canadian" Urban" Institute" (canurb.org)" and" the" Toronto" and" Region" Conservation" Authority" (trca.on.ca)," bringing" to" the" Philippines" expert" technical" assistance" and" innovative"urban"management"practices"from"Canada."" " " "
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! Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"4"
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BACKGROUND! " The"first"State"of"the"Watershed"Report"(SOWR)"in"the"Philippines"was"completed"in"2013"for"the" Tigum'Aganan" Watershed," the" largest" river" basin" within" the" Iloilo" urban" region" and" one" of" the" country’s" declared" priority" watersheds." " Several" national" agencies" including" DILG," DENR" and" the" NCI"supported"the"initiative,"seeing"the"value"of"piloting"an"evidence'based,"ecosystem"approach"to" regional"planning."The"SOWR"is"a"structured"and"objective"analysis"of"the"conditions"in"a"river"basin" serving"as"a"resource"for"local"government"units"(LGUs),"watershed"management"boards"and"other" regional"planning"bodies,"as"well"as"for"the"myriad"national"agencies"having"a"mandate"to"oversee" water" and" natural" resource" management" within" the" nation’s" watersheds." This" handbook" is" based" on" the" experiences" in" preparing" the" Tigum'Aganan" SOWR" over" the" period" of" 2010" to" 2013." It" is" intended"to"provide"guidance"to"other"watershed"management"entities"across"the"country"hoping"to" replicate"the"process." " A" SOWR" serves" both" as" a" starting" and" common" reference" point" for" effective" and" continuous" watershed"management."In"the"stages"of"watershed"planning"(see"diagram"below),"a"SOWR"is"used" for"identifying"issues,"objectives"and"actions"(scoping"and"characterization)"that"will"later"be"used" to"prepare"a"watershed"management"plan"and"its"associated"monitoring"and"reporting"program."" " " " • " • " • " • " • " • " " " " " " " " " " " " "
Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"5"
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INTRODUCTION! WHY"A"HANDBOOK?" " This"handbook"acts"as"a"straightforward"guide"for"other"local"watershed"management"bodies,"local" government" units" and" community" stakeholders" to" plan," organize" and" prepare" a" State" of" the" Watershed" Report" for" their" respective" jurisdictions." It" is" a" guide" for" non'technical" persons" and" bodies" to" help" them" appreciate" and" understand" the" necessary" information" and" inputs" needed" to" gauge"the"state"of"their"local"watersheds.""" " This" handbook" explains" the" value" of" choosing" appropriate" indicators" to" analyze" the" issues" and" challenges" arising" from" the" condition" of" a" particular" watershed" and" describes" methods" for" communicating"its"“state"of"health�"through"a"set"of"recommendations"and"appropriate"examples." " As" a" user’s" manual," this" knowledge" product" does" not" profess" to" contain" all" the" information" or" elements"necessary"to"provide"a"thorough"and"comprehensive"report"on"the"conditions"of"any"given" watershed." " The" contents" of" a" SOWR" are" determined" by" the" vision" and" objectives" of" the" project" undertaking"the"study"and"by"the"availability"of"relevant"and"accurate"information." " This"guide"is"meant"for"the"development"of"a"working"and"dynamic"document,"the"contents"of"which" may" be" expanded" or" reduced" depending" on" the" purpose" of" those" using" it." The" preparation" of" a" SOWR"as"presented"here"is"similar"to"being"guided"through"a"template.""A"SOWR"should"nonetheless" undergo" a" process" of" consultation" and" public" engagement" in" order" to" include" the" critical" characteristics,"issues"and"concerns"of"local"watershed"stakeholders." " This"handbook"offers"users"the"following:" " ! What"users"may"expect"in"preparing"their"own"SOWR;" ! How"to"organize"themselves"for"undertaking"a"SOWR;" ! What"information"to"look"for"and"where"this"information"may"potentially"be"found;" ! How" to" understand" and" appreciate" technical," laboratory," scientific" reports," data," studies," and"results"and"their"relationship"to"sustainable"watershed"management;" ! An" understanding" of" the" inter'relationship" of" land" and" water" uses" within" upland," lowland" and"coastal"ecosystems"and"how"this"describes"the"health"and"condition"of"watersheds;"and" ! How"to"maximize"the"use"of"a"SOWR." " Users"may"also"wish"to"reference"the"Watershed*Based!Disaster!Risk!Reduction!and!Climate!Change! Adaptation:!A!Training!Manual,"prepared"under"the"MIGBI"to"guide"communities"in"becoming" stewards"of"their"local"watershed." " " "
" Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"6"
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ADOPTING!THE!“RIDGE@TO@REEF”!FRAMEWORK!FOR! WATERSHED!PLANNING!AND!MANAGEMENT! " This" handbook" adopts" the" “ridge'to'reef”" or" integrated" ecosystems" management" planning" framework"as"the"over'arching"view"of"the"watershed.""The"“ridge'to'reef”"transect"seeks"to"present" the" inter'relationship" and" effect" of" upland" forest" ecosystems" with" ecosystems" in" the" lowland" and" coastal"regions,"and"vice"versa.""It"likewise"acknowledges"that"land"and"water"uses"anywhere"within" the"watershed"drive"the"state"of"health"of"the"watershed"as"a"whole." " The"threat"of"disasters"arising"from"climate'change"induced"extreme"weather"events"heightens"the" need"to"strengthen"the"understanding"of"watershed"dynamics"and"how"ecosystems"can"effectively" contribute"to"both"climate"change"mitigation"and"adaptation"through"environmental"resilience." " The"watershed"is"a"complex"system"whose"health"depends"on"the"proper"functioning"of"all"its"parts" (Figure"1)."Climate"and"geology"are"its"foundations,"regulating"the"amount"and"distribution"of"both" surface"water"and"groundwater"and"the"types"of"vegetation"in"the"watershed."The"amount"of"water" and" the" rate" at" which" it" flows" through" the" watershed" affect" the" shape" and" size" of" creek" and" river" channels"and"their"associated"floodplains."Different"communities"of"plants"and"animals"live"where" there"are"suitable"aquatic"and"terrestrial"habitats."" " While"people"depend"on"the"resources"of"the"watershed,"their"activities"and"the"shape"and"form"of" human" settlements" result" in" changes" to" all" aspects" of" the" ecosystem." " In" the" course" of" rapid" urbanization"and"lowland"settlements,"natural"habitats"have"been"greatly"reduced"and"fragmented," hydrological"patterns"have"been"changed,"water"quality"has"become"degraded,"and"many"species"of" plants," and" animals" have" disappeared" from" the" watershed" and" been" replaced" by" others" that" are" more"tolerant"of"disturbed"and"highly"urbanized"areas."" ! This" handbook" recognizes" that," aside" from" the" “ridge'to'reef”" ecosystems" transect" (as" a" vertical" link),"the"horizontal"linkages"of"physical"and"administrative"systems"(i.e.,"governance"and"political" jurisdiction)"within"the"Philippine"context"and"their"effect"on"a"local"watershed."Everyone"lives"in"a" watershed;" therefore," the" individual" and" institutional" actions" of" people" and" communities" affect" a" watershed’s" long'term" sustainability" (i.e.," on'site" management)." " The" linkage" between" water" management," land" use" planning," zoning" and" enforcement" are" the" major" elements" of" watershed" management.""This"handbook"puts"a"premium"on"the"interrelatedness"of"all"these"aspects"through" the" integration" of" watershed" management" plans" into" the" local" comprehensive" land" use" plans" and" zoning"arrangements"of"affected"LGUs"within"a"watershed.""The"function"and"responsibility"of"on' site"management"fall"upon"both"the"local"government"units"and"their"constituent"communities." " Finally," this" handbook" recognizes" the" different" jurisdictional" and" management" mandates" existing" within"the"country’s"watersheds"(i.e.,"public"land"and"private"land"management)"and"the"need"for"its" integration" and" complementation" (Figure" 2)." " It" also" recognizes" the" absence" of" an" over'arching" institutional" mechanism" or" body" that" is" tasked" and" mandated" to" oversee" and" manage" local" watersheds"and"guide"the"actions"of"other"mandated"national"and"local"agencies.""This"is"the"reason" why" institutional" and" governance" arrangements" is" an" important" consideration" in" this" handbook."" The" adoption" of" the" “ridge'to'reef”" planning" platform" will" hinge" on" the" degree" of" inter'local" governmental"cooperation"across"the"watershed."
Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"7"
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Figure!1:!“Ridge@to@Reef�!integrated!watershed!ecosystems!framework!(Vertical! Links)! " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
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Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"8"
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Figure!2:!!Institutional!and!administrative!jurisdiction!of!the!“ridge@to@reef”! integrated!watershed!ecosystems!management!framework!(Horizontal!Transect)!
Source:!Professor!Ernesto!Serote,!UP!SURP,!“Towards!a!Rationalised!Planning!System”!
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INTENDED"USERS"OF"THE"HANDBOOK" " The" intended" users" of" the" handbook" are" the" technical" persons," professional" researchers" and" members" of" the" technical" working" groups" of" the" watershed" management" bodies" or" councils" and" LGU,"NGO"and"NGA"planning"units.""These"may"include:"" " ! Local" watershed" management" boards" and" other" resource" management" bodies" –" Local" Government"Code;" ! Local"protected"area"management"boards"(PAMBs)"–"NIPAS"Act;" ! Local"water"quality"management"area"governing"boards"(WQMAs)"–"Clean"Water"Act;" ! LGUs" and" their" land" use" planning" committees," technical" working" groups" and" community' based"organizations"–"Local"Government"Code;" ! Local"disaster"risk"reduction"management"councils"–"DRRM"Act;"and" ! Local"climate"change"councils"–"Climate"Change"Act;"among"others.""" " " "
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I.
THE!STATE!OF!THE!WATERSHED!REPORT!(SOWR)! A. WHAT"IS"A"SOWR" " A"SOWR"is"a"document"that"describes"the"existing"conditions"of"a"particular"watershed"in"a"way"that" can" be" used" as" basis" for" developing" a" watershed" management" plan." " It" includes" an" inventory" of" measurements" and" statements" on" the" existing" natural," physical," cultural," social," economic," institutional"and"environmental"conditions"of"a"watershed,"encompassing"elements"from"the"‘ridge" to"the"reef’"–"or"the"area"that"makes"up"an"entire"watershed.""" " A"SOWR"is"also"an"analytical"document."It"should"provide"an"analysis"and"evaluation"of"the"existing" conditions"of"a"watershed."This"will"form"the"basis"for"the"formulation"of"key"findings"and"strategic" directions," as" an" input" to" the" development" of" a" watershed" management" plan." The" SOWR" helps" identify"key"indicators"on"the"major"aspects"of"the"watershed"that"will"be"monitored"and"examined" over"an"agreed"period"of"time."" " A" SOWR" is" a" critical" input" to" the" preparation" of" an" integrated" watershed/eco'systems'based" management"plan."It"provides"the"necessary"guidance"for"the"identification"of"future"directions"that" a" watershed" shall" play" in" the" lives" of" those" who" are" dependent" on" and" affected" by" it." " It" is" also" a" communication" and" advocacy" tool" for" stakeholders" and" local" communities" to" leverage" policies," action," resources" and" support" the" collaboration" necessary" for" the" improvement" of" watershed" management." " A" SOWR" should" not" be" viewed" as" a" ‘stand'alone’" document." " Neither" does" it" take" the" place" of" a" management"plan.""Rather,"it"is"a"point'in'time"assessment"of"watershed"characteristics"that"should" accompany"any"watershed"management"plan.""It"is"a"dynamic"tool"in"that"it"gets"updated"to"form"yet" again"the"basis"of"future"management"plans.""While"a"SOWR"is"seldom"designed"to"address"or"reflect" all! the" concerns" and" issues," as" well" as" problems" seen," felt" or" perceived" either" by" specific" stakeholders" or" the" general" public" at" any" given" time," it" should" nonetheless" take" account" of" the" agreed" content" identified" by" a" local" community" or" management" body" for" managing" its" local" watershed."
B. DEMONSTRATING"THE"DEMANDS"FOR"A"SOWR" " The"demand"for"a"SOWR"is"a"direct"response"to"the"issues"and"concerns"of"a"local"community"and"its" key"stakeholders"who"are"either"directly"or"indirectly"being"affected"by"the"watershed.""In"effect,"the" need" for" a" SOWR" stems" from" the" demands," purpose" or" value" that" a" group" of" people" in" the" community"has"placed"on"a"given"watershed."These"might"focus"on"the"following"aspects:" " ! Domestic"water;" ! Food"production"or"irrigation;" ! Energy"production/source;" ! Flood"and"pollution"(water"quality)"management"and"control;" ! Biodiversity"and"eco'tourism;"and" ! Cultural,"indigenous,"spiritual"and"aesthetic"values." " Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"10"
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The"destructive"economic"impacts"of"extreme"weather"effects"from"climate"change"expand"further" the" role" and" function" being" placed" on" watershed" management." " The" National" Climate" Change" Commission"has"identified"sustainable"watershed"management"as"a"key"mitigation"strategy"in"the" country’s"National"Climate"Change"Action"Plan." " Demonstrating" the" demand" for" SOWRs" under" the" continuing" threats" of" climate'triggered" natural" disasters" has" become" imperative" because" it" is" acknowledged" as" a" tool" for" helping" people" and" communities" understand" their" watershed" and" their" relationship" to" it," as" well" as" providing" an" impetus" for" improved" watershed" stewardship." " Doing" nothing" in" the" face" of" inevitable" and" overwhelming" outcomes" is" never" a" responsible" management" strategy." Considering" the" magnitude" of" what" is" at" stake" in" the" future" under" a" do'nothing" scenario," preparing" SOWRs" for" at'risk" watersheds" across" the" country" provides" a" solid" base" for" actions" that" could" ably" equip" LGUs" and" their"communities"in"mitigating"and"adapting"to"the"effects"of"climate"change,"reducing"the"risks"of" disasters,"ensuring"water"and"food"security,"and"improving"economic"competitiveness."
C. WATERSHED"MANAGEMENT"PLANNING"CYCLE" " The" preparation" of" a" SOWR" is" part" and" parcel" of" the" integrated" watershed" management" planning" process."It"is"the"documentary"output"of"the"watershed"assessment"–"the"characterization"activity"in" the"whole"watershed"management"planning"cycle.1" " As" may" be" seen" in" Figure" 3," the" findings" of" a" watershed" characterization" form" the" basis" for" preparing"the"strategic"vision,"goals,"priorities"and"directions"for"the"management"of"a"watershed."A" set"of"results,"or"outcome!indicators,"on"the"desired"“state"of"health”"or"“stage"of"development”"of"a" watershed’s" condition" is" one" of" the" key" products" of" the" characterization" stage" in" the" watershed" management"process.""These"key" outcome!indicators!may"then"be"assigned"specific"targets"during" the"preparation"of"the"watershed"management"plan,"which"would"serve"as"the"reference"point"for" gauging"the"accomplishments"and"failures"in"the"delivery"of"a"local"watershed"management"plan.""" " The"planned"outcomes"in"the"implementation"of"the"local"watershed"management"plan,"either"by"a" single" management" body" or" several" groups" –" including" local" government" units," community" organizations," and" private" sector" groups" –" is" normally" reported" on" a" periodic" basis" through" a" “report"card”"that"would"reflect"progress"and"updated"conditions"as"a"result"of"the"watershed"plans," implementation"and"accomplishments.""" " In"summary,"the"SOWR"is"the"foundational"planning"study"at"the"outset"of"a"watershed"management" planning" cycle." The" collection" and" acquisition" of" all" relevant" data" constitutes" Phase" 1" of" the" Watershed" Planning" Process" of" scoping" and" characterization" of" the" watershed." The" State" of" the" Watershed"Report"presents"the"inherent"characteristics"of"the"watershed"that"shall"be"necessary"for" us"in"assessing"the"current"condition"of"the"watershed"and"as"such"prepare"effective"and"alternate" management"strategies"to"maintain"and"improve"the"current"condition"of"the"watershed." " """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1The"terms"“watershed"assessment”"and"“watershed"characterization”"are"interchangeably"used"here"to"mean"the"
technical"and"scientific"assessment"of"a"specific"watershed’s"biophysical,"natural,"social,"economic,"institutional,"and" governance"conditions.""The"DENR"has"issued"a"standard"set"of"indicators"and"information"in"the"conduct"of"watershed" characterization"in"the"country"through"DAO"2008'05:"Guidelines"in"the"Preparation"of"Integrated"Watershed" Management"Plans"(http://server2.denr.gov.ph/files/dmc*2008*05_627.pdf)"
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Figure!3:!Integrated!Watershed!Management!Planning!Process!
Watershed Planning Process
Watershed Planning Documents
STATE OF THE WATERSHED REPORT • Geology and Groundwater
PHASE 1: SCOPING AND CHARACTERISATION • Scoping
• Surface Water Quantity and Quality • Fluvial Geomorphology
• Characterize the system
• Aquatic System
• Set goals, objectives and working targets
• Terrestrial System • Cultural Heritage • Nature-based Recreation
PHASE 2: ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
• Air Quality • Land and Resource Use
• Develop management alternatives • Evaluate management alternatives
SCENARIO MODELLING AND ANALYSIS SUMMARY REPORT
PHASE 3: WATERSHED PLAN DEVELOPMENT • Select preferred management alternative
WATERSHED PLAN
• Finalize targets • Develop implementation and monitoring plans WATERSHED PLAN IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE
PHASE 4: MONITORING AND EVALUATION • Reporting and monitoring progress and changes • Assessing outputs, accomplishments and outcomes
REPORT CARD
• Identifying success factors and issues
Source: PowerPoint Presentation of Canadian Watershed Expert, Gary Wilkins, TRCA, 2012.
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II.
PLANNING!A!SOWR:!AN!EXERCISE!IN!GOVERNANCE! A. WHY"DO"A"SOWR?" " Just"as"in"any"important"human"activity,"anyone"intending"to"carry"out"a"SOWR"should"first"consider" the" reasons" for" taking" on" such" a" mission." " There" must" be" a" common" understanding" and" leveling" among"those"involved"as"to"the"purpose"and"objectives"of"doing"a"SOWR"before"proceeding"with"the" project."In"the"end,"the"SOWR"will"characterize"current"conditions,"identify"gaps"and"form"the"basis" of"the"objectives"and"actions"of"a"watershed"management"plan."" " In"the"Philippines,"the"process"of"watershed"planning,"wherein"the"preparation"of"a"SOWR"is"vital,"is" an" exercise" in" local" governance" and" participatory" engagement" by" the" key" stakeholders" of" a" watershed." This" is" a" crucial" and" unique" element" of" sustainable" watershed" management" in" the" country’s"context"–"a"“Philippine"model”"of"sustainable"watershed"planning"and"management." " As"a"guide"to"achieving"a"common"understanding"and"purpose"in"doing"a"SOWR"both"as"a"technical" and" a" governance" process," the" interested" body" tasked" in" local" watershed" management" should" consider"the"following"questions:"" " a. Purpose:"What"is"the"general"purpose"or"intended"use"of"the"SOWR?" " ! Background"or"input"for"future"watershed"planning?" ! Advocacy"or"leveraging"for"policy"reforms"or"enforcement"of"regulatory"policies?" ! Identification"of"sensitive"or"at'risk"areas"(i.e.,"flooding,"landslides);"and/or"threats" arising" from" particular" practices" (i.e.," illegal" logging" or" mining);" natural" or" climatologic" conditions" (i.e.," extreme" weather" conditions);" protection" and" conservation"(i.e.,"threatened"habitat"or"species);"developmental"potential"(i.e.,"eco' tourism,"renewable"energy,"protected"areas/sanctuaries,"etc.)?" ! Identifying" knowledge" gaps" or" information" on" the" health" of" the" watershed" or" specific"resources"(i.e.,"land"fertility,"water"quality/flows,"etc.)?" ! Measuring"or"monitoring"improvements"or"effectiveness"of"past"efforts?" ! All"of"the"above?" " b. Scale:" What" spatial" scale" or" level" is" appropriate?" Basin?" Watershed?" Sub'watershed?"" Determining" the" scale" is" critical," particularly" in" generating" the" necessary" information" and" data" needed" and" its" availability," identifying" planned" actions" and" interventions," and" subsequently,"monitoring"the"implementation"of"activities." " c. Thematic"Coverage:""What"elements"of"the"resource"environment"should"be"included?"(i.e.," terrestrial"and"marine"ecosystem;"upland,"lowland,"coastal;"barangay,"municipal,"provincial," etc.;"see"Section"6:"What"to"include"in"a"SOWR)" " d. Results"Indicators:"What"indicators"will"be"used"for"gauging"progress"and"watershed"health?" What" information" is" required?" What" parameters" should" be" considered" or" measured?" (See" Section"on"Indicators)" " e. Frequency:"What"determines"the"frequency"of"SOWR"updating?""A"SOWR"may"be"updated"as" often" as" annually," or" as" occasionally" as" every" three," five," or" ten" years," depending" on" the" Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"13"
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reporting" parameters" agreed" to" by" the" group" and" the" resources" at" hand" to" do" the" work." However," the" frequency" of" updating" a" SOWR" needs" to" take" that" into" account" the" fact" that" change" occurs" slowly." The" SOWR" may" be" updated" either" with" new" data" /" statistics" on" an" existing" aspect," or" with" fresh" information" as" it" becomes" available" or" gets" identified" as" a" research"subject.""Realistically,"the"timing"or"frequency"of"a"SOWR"shall"serve"the"objectives" and"purpose"set"earlier"by"the"group"preparing"a"SOWR."Ideally"it"should"correspond"to"the" timetable"for"updating"the"watershed"management"plan." " Audience:"Who"is"the"intended"audience?"It"is"very"critical"to"identify"the"primary"audience" who"would"be"using"the"SOWR.""The"level"of"detail"and"format"of"presentation"to"be"used"in" order" to" effectively" communicate" the" results" depend" on" the" level" of" information," understanding"and"education"of"the"identified"target"audience."" " Format:"What"will"the"final"report"look"like?"Would"it"be"a"technical"or"a"summary"report?"A" published" document" or" web'based" one?" The" format" of" the" SOWR" should" always" be" appropriate," accessible" and" useful" to" the" level" of" understanding" and" consciousness" of" the" target"audience." " Capacity:"What"is"the"technical"capacity"of"the"organization"undertaking"the"SOWR?"Does"it" have"enough"technical"persons"or"ably"equipped"staff"who"can"coordinate"and"oversee"the" SOWR?" Will" professional" consultant(s)" or" volunteer" expert(s)" be" hired" or" mobilized?" The" capability" of" the" undertaking" organization" will" determine" the" extent" (i.e.," expansive" or" limited)"of"the"coverage"of"a"SOWR." " Resources:" What" is" the" quality" and" availability" of" the" resources" needed" to" complete" a" SOWR?" What" are" the" financial" resources" to" do" the" project?" This" will" determine" how" ambitious"the"endeavour"will"be.""
" The" basic" data" and" information" necessary" for" a" SOWR" would" most" often" be" available" publicly" and" accessible" for" no" cost" from" the" related" national," regional" and/" or" local" technical," research" or" scientific" agencies" or" offices" such" as" the" National" Statistics" Office" (NSO)," National" Statistics" Coordinating" Board" (NSCB)," National" Economic" Development" Authority"(NEDA),"DENR,"DA,"DAR,"etc.""Obtaining"the"data"may"require"formally"requesting" such"information"from"these"agencies." " In"some"cases,"primary"data"or"studies"have"to"be"conducted"in"order"to"establish"important" baselines" that" are" not" covered" or" available" from" national" agencies" or" institutions." " In" this" case," funding" for" primary" studies," research," surveys" and/or" laboratory" tests" (i.e.," particularly" of" air," and" surface" water" and" ground" water" quality" assessments)" may" be" generated" independently," perhaps" with" support" from" donor" grants," private" sector" sponsorships"or"in"partnership"with"local"academic"and"research"institutions.""In"this"case," the"identification"of"key"information"and"knowledge"gaps"is"critical"in"order"to"maximize"the" use"of"limited"resources."
B. SOWR"PREPARATION"PROCESS" ! Before" forging" ahead" with" a" SOWR," a" participatory" approach" should" be" employed" among" all" stakeholders"in"the"target"watershed.""First"and"foremost,"the"governing"body"(i.e."TAWMB"in"the" case"of"the"reference"project)"must"be"unified"and"committed"to"pursue"the"purpose"of"SOWR.""They" must" identify" who" among" them" will" primarily" become" key" players" and" will" focus" on" the" SOWR" Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"14"
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process" –" the" members" of" the" team" and" the" necessary" resources" available" to" complete" this" undertaking.""Each"key"agency"involved"must"have"clear"roles"and"responsibilities"stipulated"clearly" in"the"work"plan"so"as"to"ascertain"who"is"responsible"for"what."Resource"complementation"should" also"be"encouraged"to"maximize"efforts"and"resources"in"doing"a"SOWR.""A"regular"meeting"of"the" team"should"be"scheduled"to"address"emerging"issues,"updates"and"decision'making"needs."While" the"completion"of"a"SOWR"is"not"a"rigid"process,"the"following"basic"steps"are"recommended2:" " a. Planning" the" Watershed" Assessment:" This" involves" the" formulation" of" the" objectives" and" purpose" of" doing" a" SOWR," establishing" the" team" who" will" oversee" and" undertake" the" watershed"characterization,"and"preparation"of"the"SOWR"document." " b. Watershed" Characterization:" This" is" the" central" and" most" meticulous" task" of" the" SOWR" process." It" is" the" determination," identification," collection" and" consolidation" of" all" the" datasets" and" information" that" would" satisfy" the" objectives" and" purpose" of" the" SOWR" and" provide"a"clear"understanding"of"the"condition"of"a"watershed.""It"involves"collection"of"data" from"broad"and"multiple"sources"of"information."These"may"be"national,"regional"and"local" agencies;"private"sector"or"industry"groups;"academic"and"research"institutions;"public"and" private" libraries;" local" community" groups," NGOs," civil" society" organizations" and" private" sector"groups;"national"and"local"media"entities;"and"donor"agencies"and"their"projects"and" programs" that" may" have" relevant" information" on" specific" thematic," sectoral" or" resource" conditions."Information"may"be"obtained"from"published"and"unpublished"bodies"of"work," either"printed"or"electronic"in"nature.""" ! This" would" also" include" different" types" and" overlays" of" maps" depicting" and" showing" the" different"information"and"datasets"of"the"various"thematic"and"resource"information"on"an" area." Such" information" could" also" be" represented" through" satellite" pictures," photographs," orthographic" projection," GIS'generated" topographic," land" use," cadastral" surveys," political/property" boundaries" or" resource" use" maps." Visualization" of" data" through" GIS" mapping"is"an"important"element"for"understanding"the"spectrum"of"information"collected" and"trends"and"inter'connections."For"a"good"end"product,"there"needs"to"be"consistency"in" the" scale," style" and" resolution" of" the" material" for" end'users" to" better" appreciate" the" information." Ideally," those" with" technical" knowledge" should" be" available" to" prepare" maps" and"charts"into"a"standardized"look." " The"Internet"is"another"major"source"of"information"for"various"kinds"of"information,"data" and" statistics," and" studies" relevant" to" a" watershed" characterization." Different" Internet" search"engines"such"as"Google,"Bing,"Yahoo"and"Wikipedia"are"among"the"most"utilized"ones." " Other"information"would"come"from"primary"sources"or"actual"studies,"laboratory"tests"and" assays"ordered,"research"and"surveys"conducted"or"specially"commissioned"for"an"area"by" the"group"undertaking"the"SOWR,"or"those"that"may"have"been"undertaken"by"other"groups." These" may" include" public" perception" and" community" engagement" surveys," water" quality" laboratory"testing"or"examinations,"resource"assessments"and"inventories,"among"others." " The" DENR" (www.denr.gov.ph)," through" its" regional" field" offices," conducts" resource" assessments" (including" watershed" characterization" and" protected" area" biodiversity"
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 2"Province"of"Alberta,"Canada"(November"2008):"Handbook"for"State"of"the"Watershed"Reporting,"pp"9'11."
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assessments" and" profiling)3," field" surveys" and" mapping" (i.e.," cadastral" and" boundary" surveys," geo'hazard" mapping," etc.)," laboratory" testing" (i.e.," water" and" air" quality" monitoring)" and" environmental" management" monitoring" (i.e.," water/air" emission" and" pollution" standards)" of" specific" resource" areas" and" bodies." The" country’s" weather" bureau," PAGASA" (www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/)," has" decades" of" data" on" rainfall," weather" patterns/analyses,"flooding,"and"other"climatologic"information.""" " Most"recently,"the"government"has"launched"Project"NOAH4"or"the"Nationwide"Operational" Assessment" of" Hazards" (www.noah.dost.gov.ph/)." An" undertaking" of" the" Department" of" Science" and" Technology" (DOST)," it" aims" to" provide" a" more" accurate," integrated" and" responsive" disaster" prevention" and" mitigation" system" –" especially" in" high'risk" areas" throughout" the" Philippines" –" through" an" integrated" and" real'time" information" collection," analysis,"dissemination"and"warning"system."" " Annex!A"contains"a"list"of"sources"of"information"in"the"preparation"of"SOWRs." " c. Integration," Analysis" and" Presentation" of" Data:" The" analysis" of" data" generated" from" the" watershed" characterization" is" the" main" output" of" a" SOWR." The" analysis" involves" the" presentation" of" the" existing" conditions." Where" possible," changes" observed" in" the" key" datasets,"over"a"period"of"time,"or"after"the"implementation"of"commissioned"activities"in"an" area"can"be"illustrated." " Such" analyses" can" be" related" to" established" standards" or" benchmarks" stipulated" by" regulatory"agencies.""For"example,"the"Philippine"National"Standards"for"Drinking"Water"is" 0/100mL" for" E.! coli" (fecal" bacteria)" and" 10/100mL" for" biological" organisms." (http://emb.gov.ph/laws/water%20quality%20management/dao94'26A.pdf)."" " Other" forms" of" analysis" can" be" based" on" established" scientific" protocols" and" historical" observations" such" as" the" presence" or" absence" of" certain" types" of" plants" and" animals." Comparative"analysis"between"similar"types"of"watersheds"or"using"a"reference"watershed" having" preferred" qualities" can" be" used" as" the" basis" for" measuring" improvements" or" deterioration"of"the"conditions"of"a"subject"watershed.""" " Part" of" the" analysis" of" data" and" information" generated" during" the" watershed" assessment" phase"is"the"presentation"of"issues"and"challenges"facing"the"sustainable"management"of"the" watershed,"especially"the"critical"areas"or"indicators"that"will"impact"its"“health”.""This"could" be" related" to" water" quality" and" availability," forest" cover" loss" or" recovery," loss" of" biodiversity/endemic" species," land" use" conversion" trends" and" its" impact" on" food" security," excessive" or" uneven" population" growth" and" densification," etc." " The" analysis" should" also" present" information," data" or" knowledge" gaps" crucial" to" understanding" the" existing" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 3DAO"2008'05:"Guidelines"for"Watershed"Characterisation"for"Integrated"Watershed"Management"Planning"
(http://server2.denr.gov.ph/files/dmc*2008*05_627.pdf)DAO"1992'25:"Implementing"Rules"and"Regulations"of" NIPAS"Act"(RA"7658)"(http://www.denr.gov.ph/policy/1992/PAWB_DAO_1992_25.pdf)" " 4"Project"NOAH"intends"to"consolidate"and"integrate"information"and"data"generated"on"climatologic"and" flooding,"disaster"and"hazards"risks,"coastal"and"storm"surge"threats,"and"landslides"prone"areas"from" satellite,"Doppler"radars,"and"other"weather"monitoring"instruments"and"provide"up'to'date"warnings"on" potential"threats"arising"from"these"aspects"in"real'time." Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"16"
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conditions"of"the"watershed."This"would"include"the"analysis"of"results"of"primary"studies," surveys"and"researches.""" " d. Drafting" the" SOWR:" The" drafting" of" a" SOWR" should" be" based" on" the" format" and" content" agreed" to" by" those" who" are" undertaking" SOWR." It" should" be" oriented" to" the" level" of" understanding"of"its"intended"end"users"or"target"audience."" " The"SOWR"may"require"the"work"of"a"lead"technical"writer"or"a"team"of"writers"who"would" write"and"consolidate"the"various"findings"in"the"different"sections"of"the"SOWR.""This"may" be" done" either" by" hiring" a" professional" writer" or" assigning" a" capable" member" of" the" technical"working"group"to"the"team."It"is"important"to"designate"either"the"technical"editor" or"the"lead"writer"as"the"final"arbiter"in"the"drafting"of"the"final"report.""" " A"panel"of"reviewers"from"the"project"sponsor"and"stakeholders"should"be"created"to"review" and"comment"on"the"draft"final"report.""A"stakeholders’"workshop"is"a"good"way"to"present" and" generate" feedback" from" the" findings" of" the" assessment" prior" to" its" finalization." If" the" report"is"intended"for"general"public"circulation"the"content"needs"to"be"reduced"to"a"more" simplified" version" of" the" findings" and" recommended" actions" to" suit" the" audience." Conducting"a"pre'test"of"the"material,"using"a"representative"sample"of"the"target"audience" is"advisable." " e. Using"the"SOWR"for"Decision'making:"The"SOWR"is"the"documentation"of"the"findings"and" strategic"directions"of"the"watershed"characterization."Its"value"is"to"provide"input"into"the" development" of" a" watershed" management" plan." The" SOWR" provides" the" basis" for" developing" goals," objectives," actions" and" recommendations." It" aids" in" decision'making," by" the" persons" or" agencies" in" the" community" or" LGU." " At" the" very" least," the" SOWR" would" provide" the" local" inhabitants" living" and" depending" on" the" watershed" with" a" basis" for" appreciating" what" they" have," as" well" as" a" platform" for" any" stewardship" action" they" may" want"to"undertake"to"protect"the"watershed"and"restore"and"celebrate"the"benefits"that"their" watershed"provides." " The"diagram"below"shows"how"the"process,"estimated"time"frame,"estimated"budget"and"persons" involved"in"each"stage"that"TAWMB"employed"when"they"undertook"their"own"State"of"Tigum' Aganan"Watershed"Report."
Handbook"for"Preparing"State"of"Watershed"Reports"in"the"Philippines"|"17"
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Time Frame: 3 months
Time Frame: 4 months
Time Frame: 6 months
Time Frame: 1 month
Approx. Budget: Php 15,000
Approx Budget: Php 30,000
Approx Budget: Php 60,000
Approx Budget: Php 15,000
Output: >TWG and secretariat organized >Signing of MOA among member LGUs >Role clarificatio n and resourcing >Formulati on of purpose, goals and planning for characteriz ation
Output: >Final Indicators, Format, Methodolog y, steps.
Output: >Data gathered: secondary data, maps, physical, flora & fauna, community perception & engagement surveys, demographic s
Output: >SOWR report content >Data consolidatio n, integration and interpretati on >Draft write-up of SOWR
Methodologi es: Surveys, FGDs, workshops, KII, meetings
Persons Involved; TWG; writer; technical experts (
Persons involved: TAWMB, TAWWQMAGB, LCEs, brgys, academe, NGOs & CBOs, water district, NGAs (DENR, NIA, DILG)
Persons Involved; TWG, enumerator s, academe, LCEs, community reps
Persons Involved; TWG, enumerators , LCEs, community reps, government agencies
(
Time Frame: 3 months (depends on watershed size) Approx Budget: Php 20,000 Output: Validated, accepted and triangulated report through public consultation s Persons Involved; TWG, MENROs, NGOs/ CBOs
Time Frame: 2 months
Time Frame: 1 month
Time Frame: 6 months
Approx Budget: Php 20,000
Approx Budget: Php 10,000
Approx Budget: Php 20,000
Output: Community feedback incorporated in the report
Output: Final SOWR draft with analysis and policy recommendat ions
Output: Presentatio n of SOWR to all stakeholder s & decision makers
Persons Involved; TWG, LCEs, writer; technical experts
Persons Involved; TWG, LGUs NGOs/ CBO, NGAs, Academe
(
(
(
(
Persons Involved; TWG; writer; technical experts
( (
( (
( STATE%OF%THE%WATERSHED%REPORT%FORMULATION%PROCESS%
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(18(
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C. WHO(SHOULD(BE(INVOLVED(IN(THE(PREPARATION(OF(A(SOWR?( ( It(is(quite(easy(to(say(that(all(stakeholders(or(groups(of(people(with(interest(in(their(local(watershed( should(be(involved(in(the(preparation(of(a(SOWR.((While(such(a(situation(may(be(ideal,(the(reality(is( that(preparing(a(SOWR(entails(a(lot(of(hard(work(requiring(the(sustained(attention(and(commitment( from( every( individual( in( the( team( undertaking( the( effort.( It( is( time( consuming( and( involves( particularly( meticulous( processes( such( as( data( gathering,( information( collation,( and( preparation,( integration,( analysis,( drafting( and( finalizing,( and( presentation( of( the( SOWR.( ( A( SOWR( cannot( be( done(on(a(temporary(or(partRtime(basis(by(individuals(who(are(without(any(technical(proficiency(or( background(in(research.((( ( A(variety(of(stakeholders,(especially(unaffiliated(community(members(or(residents,(do(have(a(role( in(the(preparation(of(a(SOWR.(They(may(contribute(through(the(monitoring(and(recording(of(their( personal(views,(observations(and(experiences(on(the(modifications(being(made(in(the(watershed,(or( the(changes(they(see,(in(general.(They(may(provide(the(important(role(of(sharing(their(vision(and( engaging( other( stakeholders( to( achieve( a( common( direction,( and( more( importantly,( the( commitment(to(act.(( ( The( most( exacting( role( in( the( preparation( of( a( SOWR( is( enacted( by( the( decisionRmakers,( policyR makers(and(managers(of(the(watershed.(These(are(the(local(chief(executives,(implementing(officials( and( their( staff,( officers( and( members( of( interRagency,( interRsectorial( management( councils( or( groups,( and( regulatory( and( enforcement( agencies.( ( Members( of( these( groups,( both( institutionally( and( as( individuals,( have( the( major( responsibility( of( ensuring( that( the( SOWR( process( is( objective,( productive,( transparent,( and( participatory.( They( also( have( the( duty( of( creating( venues( for( discussion,(engagement(and(open(discourse,(regardless(of(their(interests(and(biases,(and(achieve(a( common( and( acceptable( position( among( the( stakeholders( in( the( management( of( the( watershed.(( The(SOWR(process(provides(that(framework.( ( While(all(local,(provincial(and(national(levels(of(organizations((i.e.,(LGU,(DILG,(DENR)(that(decided(to( undertake( a( SOWR( should( be( involved( in( its( preparation,( formulation( and( finalization,( different( groups(of(people(or(individuals(will(be(tasked(with(various(roles(and(responsibilities.(Organizations( such(as(DENR,(local(government(units,(watershed(management(boards(and(their(technical(working( groups( (TWG)( play( critical,( active( and( direct( roles,( leaving( others( to( be( peripheral,( indirect( and( passive( players.( In( the( preparation( of( a( SOWR,( all( concerned( sectors( and( communities( using( the( watershed( should( be( engaged( in( the( process( somehow( –( at( various( stages,( in( different( levels( and( roles.(It(is(particularly(important(that(local(knowledge(should(not(be(exempted(in(the(SOWR(process( as(it(provides(key(insights(that(cannot(be(culled(from(the(monitoring(and(evaluations(conducted(by( national(agencies.(This(local(experience(can(strengthen(the(data(collection(from(other(sources(and( can(offer(insights(on(the(conditions(of(the(watershed.(( ( It( is( important( that( there( should( be( a( core( group( either( within( the( individual( watershed( management( boards( or( through( their( technical( working( group( to( head( the( preparation( of( the( report.( This( group( will( be( provided( and( assisted( by( the( local( government( units,( national( agencies( and( other( organization( and( as( such,( they( should( be( created( through( an( agreement( of( those( organizations( so( that( they( will( not( be( hindered( throughout( the( information( gathering( process.( ( It( will(be(their(role(to(consolidate(and(organize(all(pertinent(data(for(the(preparation(of(the(SOWR.(
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(19(
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D. PUBLIC(CONSULTATION(AND(STAKEHOLDER(PARTICIPATION(IN(THE(PREPARATION(OF( A(SOWR( ( Embedded( in( the( whole( process( of( preparing( a( SOWR( is( public( consultation,( stakeholder( participation( and( engagement( at( the( various( stages( of( the( undertaking.( The( extent( and( depth( of( consultation( and( engagement( will( differ( in( each( stage( of( the( process,( as( well( as( their( roles( and( responsibilities.( Public( consultation( and( stakeholder( participation( may( be( generated( through( various( types( of( activities;( including( but( not( exclusive( to( workshops,( surveys,( briefings( and( consultations,( peer( reviews,( focus( group( discussions,( roundtable( discussions,( technical( working( group(meetings,(oneRonRone(interviews,(general(public(discussion(and(town(hall(meetings.( ( The(strength(of(a(SOWR(lies(particularly(on(the(level(of(stakeholder(engagement(that(it(generates( from(the(outset(until(its(final(presentation(to(the(target(audience.(( ( In(the(case(of(the(TAWMB,(its(organizational(structure((as(outlined(below)(has(determined(where( public( consultation( and( stakeholder( participation( have( taken( place( and( at( what( different( levels,( thereby(promoting(cohesive(participation(for(the(SOWR(preparation.( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( The( TAWMB’s( Board( of( Officers,( elected( by( its( members,( is( constituted( by( the( Chair,( Vice( Chair,( Secretary,(Treasurer,(and(Auditor.(The(Board(is(the(decisionRmaking(body(of(TAWMB.((The(second( level,( the( Technical( Working( Group( (TWG)( is( composed( of( watershed( point( persons( from( each( of( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(20(
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the(member(agencies.(These(watershed(point(persons(are(primarily(the(environmental(and(natural( resource( officers( of( each( municipality( whom( are( officially( designated( and( appointed( representatives(of(the(TAWMB.((( ( The( following( is( a( summary( of( some( of( the( public( and( stakeholder( consultations( related( to( the( TigumRAganan(Watershed(and(the(various(levels(of(engagements:( ( 1.#Technical#Working#Group#Meetings# ( Meetings( of( the( Technical( Working( Group( of( the( TAWMB( were( important( engagements( to( put( various(inputs(in(planning(of(activities(needed(for(the(accomplishment(of(the(SOWR.(Essentially,(a( TWG( meeting( involved( watershed( point( persons,( who( are( officially( designated( representatives( of( the( TAWMB( members.( ( TWG( membership( was( drawn( from( the( organizations( also( consisting( of( members(of(the(Management(Board.( ( In( general,( these( TWG( members( provided( their( expertise( in( the( following( disciplines:( hydrology;( geology( and( earth( sciences;( forestry;( environmental( management;( community( development;( disaster( risk( reduction( and( management;( restoration( project( implementation;( protection( project( implementation;(and(engineering(which(were(important(inputs(for(the(SOWR.( (It(is(through(the(TWG(meetings(where(the(following(inputs(were(put(together:( ( a. ConsensusRbuilding,(agreement(or(policies(on(how(the(SOWR(activities(should(be( conducted;( b. Stakeholders(involvement;( c. Timelines(and(extent(of(SOWR(activities;( d. Technical,(financial,(logistical(concerns;( e. Others.( ( 2.#Public#Perception#Survey#and#Community#Engagement#Assessment# ( Public( and( stakeholder( engagement( was( solicited( in( two( research( studies( conducted( to( acquire( primary(data(sources.(The(purpose(of(the(Public(Perception(Study(was(to(derive(an(understanding( of( the( awareness( of( communities( as( to( the( conditions( of( the( TAW,( while( the( Community( Engagement( Process( in( turn( was( to( document( projects,( programs( and( activities( of( the( People’s( Organizations((POs),(Community(Based(Organizations((CBOs)(and(communities(within(in(the(TAW( to( determine( and( assess( their( contributions( to( watershed( resource( management,( stewardship( as( well(as(disaster(risk(reduction.( ( The( initial( planning( stages( of( both( studies( consisted( of( regular( meetings( by( the( primary( research( teams( that( were( mostly( made( up( of( TAW( LGUs( and( their( respective( Municipal( Local( Government( Operations( Officers( (MLGOOs)( as( well( as( the( watershed( point( persons.( ( In( the( planning( stages,( preparation(work(included(the(framework(and(research(methodology(settings(as(well(as(the(initial( steps( for( the( conduct( of( secondary( data( research.( Member( LGUs( of( the( TAWMB( facilitated( the( provision,( selection( and( management( of( enumerators( who( were( tasked( with( conducting( the( questionnaires(for(the(survey.((( ( During( the( conduct( of( the( studies,( participation( of( selected( community( organization( as( well( as( barangay((community)(leaders(in(the(focus(group(discussions(put(forth(knowledge(and(information( needed(for(the(local(community(engagement(study.( ( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(21(
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( 3.#Conduct#of#secondary#data#research# ( In(the(gathering(and(compiling(the(data(and(information(from(various(stakeholders,(institutions(are( vital(in(the(preparation(of(the(SOWR,(primarily(biophysical(data(of(the(watershed.((For(the(period(of( June( to( August( of( 2011,( CUI( interns( assisted( the( TAWMB( TWG( in( mining( and( consolidating( information(from(national(agencies(and(bureaus,(studies(conducted(in(the(TAW,(as(well(as(existing( LGU(databases.((( ( 4.#Watershed#Characterization# ( The(TigumRAganan(Watershed(characterization(has(been(a(key(activity(to(complement(the( SOWR,( involving( the( gathering( of( physical( and( natural( features( of( the( watershed.( ( The( activity( initially( gathered( data( on( land( use( and( population( characteristics,( flow( rate,( vulnerability( on( erosion( and( flooding,(amongst(others.( ( Prior(to(the(deployment(of(teams(to(undertake(the(characterization(of(the(TAW,(numerous(activities( were(conducted(to(facilitate(the(actual(characterization,(including(meetings(with(the(TWG(members( and(partner(agencies,(planning(sessions(for(schedules(and(logistics,(as(well(as(safety(concerns(and( team(assignment.( ( Let( it( be( noted( that( in( the( succeeding( consultation( meetings,( the( TWG( –( essentially( the( implementing(arm(of(the(TAWMB(–(met(periodically(to(provide(expertise(and(address(the(gaps(on( the( relevant( data( to( be( gathered.( In( the( characterization( process,( data( was( attained( by( gathering( information( on( the( community’s( perceptions( on( the( watershed( and( community( engagement( through( a( series( of( groundwork,( focus( group( discussions,( key( informant( interviews( and( surveys.( The(TWG(then(played(a(role(in(consolidating,(interpreting(and(analyzing(the(data.((( ( A(series(of(consultation(meetings(were(also(conducted(with(the(presence(of(the(TAWMB(to(present( the(outline( of( the( SOWR(content( before( starting(to( draft( the( report.( ( The( report( was(presented( to( different( levels:( TAWMB( and( TWG( with( other( relevant( stakeholders( (business( sectors( and( academe),(followed(by(another(round(of(presentations(with(the(community(and(municipal(ENROs( to(triangulate,(validate(and(affirm(the(data.( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(22(
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III.
ESTABLISHING#BASELINE#INFORMATION#/#DATABASE#FOR#A# SOWR# A. ESTABLISHING(BASELINES/DATABASES(FOR(A(SOWR( ( The( success( in( the( preparation( and( production( of( a( SOWR( depends( largely( on( the( availability( of( baseline(information(and(data(needed(for(watershed(characterization.(Baseline(information(refers( to(the(collection(of(background(information(on(the(biophysical,(natural,(socioReconomic,(territorial( and(resource(usage,(and(governance(arrangements(pertaining(to(watershed.(This(basic(information( creates(the(initial(impression(of(the(condition(of(the(watershed,(and(the(trends(and(factors(affecting( it.( Baseline( information( can( be( the( basis( in( setting( future( targets( and( can( be( used( as( a( tool( to( compare(and(evaluate(progress,(outcomes(and(impact(over(time.((Furthermore,(it(is(used(to(assess( the( effectiveness( of( policies,( program( and( initiatives( for( the( improvement( of( the( watershed( management.( ( Based( on( the( TigumRAganan( experience,( baseline( data( and( information( on( critical( biophysical,( natural,( socioReconomic,( territorial( and( resource( usage,( which( are( crucial( in( the( preparation( of( a( SOWR,(were(found(to(be(incomplete(and,(in(some(cases,(antiquated(or(obsolete.((In(some(instances,( even( information( that( was( in( the( form( of( technical( reports( and( studies( conducted( by( government( and( donorRassisted( projects( and( programs( relied( on( sources( of( information( that( were( generated( from( previous( studies( whose( data( and( sources( of( information( were( outdated,( if( not( unverified.(( Whenever( possible( an( upRtoRdate( biodiversity,( natural( and( physical( resource( inventory( should( be( ensured.( TimeRseries( based( data( and( progress( monitoring( of( critical( water( or( land( resources( are( equally( important.( Many( databases( on( key( SOWRs( are( contained( in( old( donorRfunded( project( documents( or( technical( reports( that( are( unavailable( to( the( general( public.( Yet( even( for( those( that( have(been(located,(there(was(no(followRup(data(to(the(information(initially(obtained.(Databases(and( information( from( national( agencies( such( as( the( DENR( and( LGUs,( which( have( regular( information( and( monitoring( systems,( focus( their( data( gathering( only( to( areas( or( sectors( that( pertain( to( their( specific(mandates(and(areas(of(interest.( ( The(same(is(true(for(research(and(academic(institutions.((Specific(studies(or(information(from(these( groups(would(cover(only(a(very(limited(area(or(field(of(study(on(natural(resources,(which(may(or( may(not(even(be(relevant(to(the(objectives(and(purposes(of(a(watershed(management(body.( ( Official( sources( of( data( such( as( the( National( Statistics( Office( (NSO),( National( Census( and( Statistics( Board( (NSCB),( National( Economic( Development( Authority( (NEDA),( and( other( national( agencies( have( useful( and( relatively( organized( data,( but( only( at( the( national,( regional( and( provincial( levels.(( They(have(minimal(generic(LGURlevel(information.( ( At(the(LGU(levels,(most(socioReconomic(data(are(generated(either(from(national(or(regional(sources( and(are(not(upRtoRdate(on(critical(information,(such(as(current(population(and(projections.(Most(of( the( information( does( not( derive( from( secondary( sources( and( primary( surveys( conducted( by( local( offices((i.e.,(social(welfare(or(barangays)(but(rather(from(unstructured(and(unscientific(methods(of( data/information( collection.( CommunityRbased( data( generally( were( found( to( be( incomplete,( and( often( times( unreliable( and( lacking( in( accuracy.( ( Much( of( the( localR( and( communityRbased( information( is( not( regularly( collected.( Land( use( and( development( patterns( are( often( desk(
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(23(
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computations( based( on( an( annual( average( projection( (i.e.,( in( most( cases( computed( at( 5( to( 10( percent(growth(rate)(without(benefit(of(actual(ground(validation(or(surveys.(((( ( In( the( end,( while( it( is( best( to( rely( on( existing( data( collection( and( information( generated( by( established( national( and( local( technical,( research,( academic( and( scientific( bodies,( much( of( the( baseline(information(and(data(for(a(SOWR(would(have(to(be(obtained(on(a(piecemeal(basis,(through( specific( and( individual( agencies( or( sources,( and( must( be( validated( and( evaluated( for( collection( reliability((i.e.,(testing(methodology(and(parameters,(location,(etc.),(consistency(of(data/units(used,( and( progression( (i.e.,( in( terms( of( time( series( data),( among( others.( In( many( instances,( primary( surveys(and(studies(will(have(to(be(done(to(satisfy(the(indicator(requirements(set(forth(in(a(SOWR.( In(addition,(it(is(crucial(to(create(databases(to(track(the(changes(of(the(acquired(data(from(the(time( to(time.(All(collected(information(must(be(stored(and(updated(through(these(created(databases(for( ease(of(obtaining(any(data(that(may(be(required(for(planning(and(evaluation(purposes.((( ( There(are,(however,(a(few(basic(useful(SOWR(data(and(information(regularly(monitored(and(made( available(by(local(management(bodies(and(stakeholders.(These(include(the(following((see(Annex#A( for(more(information):(
( (
INDICATORS# Water#quality##
SOURCE#AGENCY# MONITORING#PERIOD# ! DENRR Monthly/Quarterly/( Environmental( Annually( ! Management(Bureau( (EMB)( ! (
GeoThazards# (barangay#level)#– landslide,#erosion,# flooding,#storm# surges# # Topographic,#land# use,#vegetation,# political#boundary# maps#
DENRRMines(and( Geosciences(Bureau( (MGB)(
OneRtime(assessment(
!
DENRRNAMRIA(
OneRtime(assessment(
!
!
Cadastral#survey# maps#
DENRRLand( Management( Bureaus(
OneRtime(assessment(
( ! ! !
LIMITATIONS# Prioritized(water( bodies( Limited(collection( points( Limited(water(quality( parameters( Needs(constant( validation(and( updating(
Map(scale( (1:250,000)(attuned( for(local(use,( (1:50,000(or( 1:20,000)( Latest(maps(circa( 2000( Cadastral(survey(of( some(LGUs(still( incomplete( Further(subdivision( of(titles(are(not(fully( reflected( Maps(have(to(be( obtained(at(the( CENRO(and(regional( offices;(no(centralized( database.(
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(24(
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INDICATORS# Population#census,# family#income,# expenditures,#etc.#
Climate#and#weather# related#data#
SOURCE#AGENCY# National(Statistics( Office((NSO)(
PAGASA(
MONITORING#PERIOD# Every(five((5)(years(
LIMITATIONS# ( !
( Daily,(monthly,(quarterly( !
and(annual(
!
Data(aggregated(at( the(provincial(level;( municipal(data(need( to(be(requested(one( by(one(from(the(NSO( No(provincial(or(local( level(projections( Data(is( regional/interR provincial;(or( representative(area( only.(
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B. IDENTIFYING(SOWR(INDICATORS(OF(OUTPUTS(AND(OUTCOMES( 1. SOWR-INDICATORS-LINKED-TO-WATERSHED-MANAGEMENT-OBJECTIVES-( The( effectiveness( of( a( SOWR( rests( mainly( on( the( reliability( and( accuracy( of( the( corresponding( information( and( data( being( reviewed( and( analyzed.( The( identification( and( determination( of( the( contents(of(a(SOWR(–(which(will(be(discussed(in(detail(in(the(next(section(–(is(directly(linked(to(the( objectives(of(a(SOWR(as(determined(by(the(responsible(management(body.((( ( Such(sets(of(information(and(data(should(translate(or(represent(the(objectives((normally(attached(to( an(outcome(or(results(indicator)(and(describe(the(‘overall(picture(of(health’(of(a(watershed.((These( sets( of( indicators( of( the( outcomes( are( determined( by( either( the( responsible( management( body( in( consultation(with(their(key(stakeholders,(or(are(preRdetermined(according(to(particular(standards,( benchmarks( or( levels( set( by( local( statutes( (i.e.,( local( environmental( code( or( zoning( ordinances),( national( laws( (i.e.,- Ecological( Solid( Waste( Management( Act,( Clean( Air( Act( or( Clean( Water( Act)( or( international(agreements((i.e.,(Convention(for(Biodiversity(Conservation,( etc.).((A(sample(of(SOWR( indicators(used(in(a(Canadian(context(can(be(found(in(Annex#B.( ( Other(SOWR(outcome(indicators(can(be(determined(by(local(or(national(physical(development(plans( and( priorities( such( as( the( MediumRterm( Philippine( Development( Plan,( Provincial( Physical( Development( Framework( Plan( (PPDFP),( local( Comprehensive( Land( Use( Plans( (CLUPs)( or( local( development(plans((LDPs)(and(Forest(Land(Use(Plans((FLUPs).((What(is(important(is(that(these(sets( of( indicators( are( reflective( and( consistent( with( the( objectives( set( by( the( local( watershed’s( management(body(and(local(stakeholders/communities.( ( During(the(workshops(of(the(TAWMB(and(TAWWQMARGB,(an(exercise(to(identify(indicators(based( on(a(set(of(strategic(goals(was(successfully(carried(out.(Reflected(from(the(watershed(management( bodies’( vision( of( “a& habitable& and& productive& Tigum5Aganan& Watershed& sustained& and& protected& by& well& informed& LGUs& and& empowered& communities& working& in& harmony& towards& an&improved&quality&of&life”(are(the(following(goals:((
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( ! ! ! !
Goal(1:(Abundant(and(Clean(Water(( Goal(2:(Sustainable(Agriculture(and(Livelihood( Goal(3:(Disaster(Resilient(Communities( Goal(4:(Stewardship(of(the(Watershed(
( Figure( 4( shows( the( diagrammatic( representation( of( the( goals( visRàRvis( the( vision,( with( the( corresponding(thematic(areas(assigned(to(each(goal.( (
Figure#4:#TAWMB#Proposed#Goals#and#Thematic#Areas#
(
( ( The( four( goals( for( the( TigumRAganan( Watershed( –( abundant( and( clean( water,( sustainable( agriculture(and(livelihood,(disaster(resilient(communities(and(stewardship(of(the(watershed(–(were( translated(into(31(indicators(along(with(a(set(of(associated(metrics;(indicators(are(categorized(into(a( number( of( thematic( areas( developed( within( each( goal.( The( key( thematic( areas( being( measured( include( forest( cover,( surface( water,( ground( water,( biodiversity,( agricultural( land,( sustainable( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(26(
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farming,( upland( forest( conservation,( secure( communities( and( community( and( stakeholder( involvement.(Indicators-are(the(longRterm(measures(of(change(in(conditions,(which(once(met,(bring( the( stakeholders( closer( to( achieving( their( management( objectives.( Measured( over( time,( they( can( form( the( basis( of( a( Watershed( Report( Card( showing( the( trajectory( of( change,( either( improving,( worsening( or( staying( the( same.( The( TAW( indicators( were( drawn( up( after( a( series( of( stakeholder( consultations(and(discussions(following(a(review(of(the(SOWR.5(The(complete(set(of(indicators(may( be(found(in(Annex#C.( (
2. SINGLE-OR-MULTIPLE-SETS-OF-INDICATORS( Indicators( are( normally( the( products( of( activities( and( projects( implemented( in( the( watershed.( It( must(be(ensured(that(these(actions(correspond(to(the(achievement(of(the(indicator(under(which(it(is( classified.( ( Reflecting( the( watershed’s( “state( of( health”( can( either( be( a( single( indicator( or( a( set( of( indicators( called(an(“index”.(((( ( A(single(indicator(can(be(a(representation(of(the(primary(concern(placed(by(local(stakeholders(on( the(watershed.(For(example,(an(indigenous(community(might(place(a(higher(level(of(value(to(a(local( watershed’s(spiritual(value(to(the(tribe,(or(in(most(cases,(its(value(as(a(source(of(water.((In(this(case,( a(single(indicator(such(as(water(volume(or(water(quality(could(be(a(possible(indicator.( ( On(the(other(hand,(a(set(of(indicators(representing(different(values(and(uses(may(be(developed(to( reflect( the( “state( of( health”( of( a( watershed.( ( This( is( done( when( several( indicators( need( to( be( combined(in(order(to(draw(up(a(more(realistic(manner(of(achieving(a(desired(outcome.(Such(is(the( case(with(most(of(the(indicators(adopted(by(the(TAWMB(for(its(SOWR.(The(selection(of(appropriate( indicators(–(and(subsequently(the(activities(needed(to(achieve(these(outputs(–(should(be(part(of(the( technical( and( operational( discussion( among( local( stakeholders( and( responsible( local( agencies( or( bodies.( ( An( example( of( a( SOWR( Table( of( Indicators( used( in( a( Canadian( context( may( be( found( in( Annex#B.(( (
3. SELECTING-THE-APPROPRIATE-INDICATORS( Some(questions(to(help(draw(a(set(of(indicators(to(measure(the(progress(of(a(thematic(area(are:( ( ! Is- the- indicator- a- critical- technical- process- or- input- to- the- outcome?( For( example,( the( laboratory(testing(of(water(samples(collected(from(different(source(areas(are(critical(inputs( to(determine(or(assess(water(quality.( ( ! Is-the-indicator-(or-activities-leading-to-the-achievement-of-an-outcome)-directly-attributableor- within- the- control- of- the- agency/implementing- body?( For( instance,( the( DENR’s( reforestation( activities( under( the( National( Greening( Programme( (NGP)( is( directly( the( responsibility(of(the(DENR(under(its(mandate(to(recover(or(rehabilitate(lost(forest(cover(or( denuded(watersheds.( ( ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 5(This(process(took(the(TAWMB(several(months(of(technical(and(stakeholder(reviews(and(discussions,(and(
was(facilitated(by(the(CUI.( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(27(
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!
Is- the- indicator- objective,- measurable- and- comparable?( This( is( critical( in( terms( of( ensuring( the( consistency( and( sustainability( of( data( collection( and( information( and( analysis( of( historical( or( timeRseries( records( of( data/information,( current( conditions( and( trends.( ( An( example( would( be( the( regular( annual( rainfall( data( and( other( climatologic( data( being( collected( by( the( PAGASA,( which( are( important( inputs( in( assessing( vulnerabilities( and( projections(on(climate(change(impacts(in(a(locality.(
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Is- the- indicator- (or- data/information- on- the- indicator)- available- and- accessible- to- othergroups- or- the- general- public?( ( For( practical( purposes,( it( is( important( to( ascertain( the( accessibility( and( availability( of( data( for( the( effective( monitoring( of( indicators,( especially( if( the(agency(or(group(collecting(the(data(is(not(part(of(the(local(watershed(management(body.(( This(will(also(be(tied(to(the(costReffectiveness(of(obtaining(data/information(and(making(it( available(for(inclusion(in(a(SOWR.(
!
Is- the- indicator- relevant- to- societal- or- stakeholder- concerns?( ( This( aspect( of( identifying( an( indicator( for( a( SOWR( is( related( to( its( relevance( and( significance( to( the( general( public( and( watershed( stakeholder.( One( must( not( forget( that( a( SOWR( is( also( a( communications( and( advocacy(tool.((The(SOWR(should(serve(to(address(community(issues(and(concerns(related( to( watershed( management( and( its( conditions.( Therefore,( an( indicator( should( be( understandable( to( the( larger( community.( It( should( also( be( defensible( and( integrative,( meaning(that(in(achieving(a(positive(outcome,(it(would(benefit(many(and(not(just(a(few;(it( would(meet(the(objectives(of(several(stakeholders(rather(than(only(one(or(very(few.(
(
(
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4. MEASURING-THE-PROGRESS-OF-SOWR-INDICATORS( To( measure( progress( or( changes( of( SOWR( indicators,( a( scalar( system( representing( levels( of( progress( is( applied( to( the( indicators.( ( A( scalar( system( is( used( to( represent( a( range( of( values( (i.e.,( highest(to(lowest,(or(most(desirable(conditions(to(least(desirable)(that(are(usually(determined(and( agreed( by( the( local( management( body( and( the( rest( of( the( stakeholders.( The( values( are( expressed( through(visual((i.e.,(facial(expressions(or(‘emoticons’),(colour((i.e.,(black(to(grey(to(brown(to(green(to( blue),(numerical((i.e.,(1(to(5(or(1(to(100(percent)(or(alphabetical((i.e.,(A(to(E)(symbols.((The(purpose( of(these(scales(is(to(present(the(watershed’s(“state(of(health”(in(the(simplest(quantifiable(forms.((The( status( of( progress( or( absence( thereof( in( management( activities( for( the( watershed( is( normally( presented( through( a( “report( card”( (See( Section( V( for( a( more( detailed( discussion( on( the( SOWR( ‘Report(Card’).((( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
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IV.
CONTENTS#OF#A#SOWR# A. WHAT(SHOULD(BE(CONTAINED(IN(A(SOWR?( ( There( is( much( information( and( many( conditions( that# may( be( considered( when( undertaking( a( SOWR.((As(stated(earlier,(the(contents(of(a(SOWR(will(depend(mainly(on(its(objectives.(The(contents( of( the( SOWR( should( reflect( the( reason( for( managing( a( local( watershed.( A( SOWR( is( intended( to( provide(decisionRmaking(inputs(for(the(preparation(of(a(watershed(management(plan.(Undertaking( a(SOWR(is(to(support(sustainable(watershed(management(in(partnership(with(the(community(at(the( local(level.(A(sample(Table(of(Contents(of(a(SOWR(may(be(found(in(Annex#D.(( ( The( following( are( some( basic( elements( that( are( considered( essential( for( any( SOWR( in( the( Philippines:( ( 1. Preface.( An( overview( of( the( multiRstakeholder( process( conducted( and( key( agencies( and( persons(involved(in(preparing(the(SOWR.( ( 2. Executive(Summary.((A(summary(of(key(findings(and(strategic(directions(recommended(for( the(future(preparation(or(updating(of(the(watershed(management(plan.( ( 3. Introduction.( ( The( introduction( should( contain( an( overview( of( the( ( purpose,( scope( of( the( report,(authorization(to(undertake(the(project,(and(guidance(to(the(reader(of(the(structure( and(function(of(the(report.(( ( 4. Brief( history/( physical( description( of( the( area.( ( A( short( description( of( the( history( and( physical( attributes( of( the( watershed,( including( political( and( territorial( coverage( and( its( catchment(and(impact(areas,(provides(not(only(a(background(of(the(area(but(also(a(proper( contextualization( of( the( local( watershed.( Such( description( should( adequately( describe( which( areas( have( direct( and( indirect( impacts( on( the( watershed:( communities( or( municipalities(within(the(watershed(catchment((direct)(and(those(nearby(but(not(within(the( catchment( (indirect)( that( have( an( effect( or( are( affected( by( the( watershed.( The( description( should(also(include(those(areas(outside(of(the(watershed,(but(deemed(as(‘influenced’(by(it.( For( example,( a( municipality( which( is( not( within( the( watershed( catchment( area( may( serve( either(as(a(staging(or(exit(point(for(illegal(logging(operators(utilizing(the(watershed(area.( ( 5. Population( and( socioReconomic( data( and( projections.( Population( data,( key( socioReconomic( and( production( activities,( key( infrastructure,( and( utility( and( transport( systems/conditions( within(the(watershed(should(be(provided,(especially(the(impact(in(terms(of(their(pressure(to( local( resources:( land,( water,( biological,( food,( etc.( ( A( 20R( to( 25Ryear( growth( projection( of( development( and( population( would( help( determine( the( future( impacts( on( the( carryingR capacity(of(existing(natural(resources(as(well(as(possible(conflicts(and(issues(that(will(occur( over( the( course( of( such( growth( projections.( ( The( ‘new( normal’( in( extreme( weather( events( set( off( by( climate( change( makes( such( extrapolations( crucial( in( determining( the( more( realistic( risks( and( vulnerabilities( and( the( identification( of( appropriate( mitigation( and( adaptation(measures.( ( 6. Land( uses( and( development( patterns( and( directions.( The( existing( and( anticipated( future( land( uses( of( the( watershed( are( important( indicators( of( current( and( future( pressures,( land( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(29(
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use(conflicts(and(stressors(upon(the(currently(available(resources(of(the(watershed.((It(also( provides(baseline(information(and(strategic(development(directions(that(are(being(pursued( by( LGUs( to( which( local( watersheds( would( be( subjected,( either( positively( or( negatively.(( Local( land( use( plans( also( provide( a( geophysical( reference( for( potential( intervention( and( initiatives(that(may(become(imperative(to(implement,(in(effect(allowing(for(the(modification( of(a(local(land(use(plan(in(order(to(make(the(watershed(or(aspects(of(it(more(sustainable.( ( In( the( Philippines( such( data( are( contained( in( the( 10Ryear( Comprehensive( Land( Use( Plans( (CLUPs)(of(respective(LGUs(covering(a(watershed.((The(provincial(physical(and(development( framework(plans((PPDFP),(or(in(some(cases(the(integrated(plans(and(strategies(of(interRLGU( metropolitan( governance( arrangements( (such( as( MIGEDC),( would( also( contain( the( consolidated( land( uses( of( all( LGUs( within( its( territory.( Land( use( plans( are( normally( produced( in( printed( form( by( each( LGU( and( may( be( sourced( from( the( local( city/municipal( planning(and(development(offices.(( ( Some(of(the(vital(data(contained(in(local(land(use(plans(that(have(considerable(effect(upon( watersheds(are:(( ( ! Land(classification((i.e.,(status(of(public(and(private(land(ownership);( ! Land( and( resource( uses( (i.e..,( extent( of( coverage( of( competing( land( uses( and( projected(areas);( ! Settlement,(infrastructure(and(development(patterns(and(directions;( ! Zoning( and( management( regimes( in( both( public( and( private( lands( (i.e.,( protection( land(uses);( ! Population(density,(concentration(and(expansion;( ! Production(area(coverage(and(productivity(levels;(and( ! Infrastructure(such(as(major(roads(and(other(existing(or(planned(utilities.( ( Unfortunately,( the( content( of( currently( available( land( use( plans( do( not( yet( apply( the( ecosystem(or(watershedRbased(framework,(i.e.,(uplandRlowlandRcoastal(transect.((Similarly,( some( data( in( CLUPs( can( be( inconsistent( and( not( updated,( particularly( those( describing( actual(land(use(conditions.( ( 7. Biophysical( and( biodiversity( conditions.( ( The( biophysical( and( biodiversity( conditions( of( each(ecosystem(within(the(watershed((i.e.,(upland,(protected(areas,(lowlands,(coastal(areas)( are(some(of(the(critical(pieces(of(information(that(should(be(contained(in(a(SOWR.((The(set(of( information( in( the( biophysical( and( biodiversity( area( should( present( the( existing( characteristics(of(the(area’s(flora(and(fauna(for(each(ecosystem,(including(the(identification( of( endemic( and( ‘flagship’( species.( It( should( also( provide( the( conditions( of( growth( or( depletion( of( key( resource( values( for( biological,( economic,( social,( cultural,( and( other( uses.(( Other( key( pieces( of( information( under( this( section( are( the( levels( of( benthic( (for( marine/coastal( areas)( and( organic( (for( terrestrial( areas)( biota( or( biomass.( This( data( provides(information(on(levels(of(soil(fertility,(bacterial/algal(growth,(and(fish(food(chains( that(would(be(important(for(determining(its(productivity.(( ( Some( of( the( key( data( sources( for( biodiversity( and( biophysical( conditions( would( be( the( watershed( characterization( and( biodiversity( assessment( reports( done( by( the( DENR,( DAR BFAR,(donorRassisted(projects/programs(and(research/academic(institutions(in(the(area.(( ( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(30(
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8. Water( resources( and( water( quality( management.( ( Among( the( many( benefits( placed( on( a( watershed,( water( for( domestic( and( household( use( is( considered( the( highest( priority.( It( is( therefore( logical( that( the( conditions( of( existing( water( resources( (i.e.,( quantity,( type( and( conditions(–(surface,(ground,(and(storm(water,(extraction/recharge(rates,(concentration(and( demands)( and( its( water( quality( (i.e.,( pollution,( point( sources/causes,( facilities,( etc.)( are( among(the(most(critical(information(contained(in(a(SOWR.((In(fact,(in(many(SOWRs,(water( resources( and( water( quality( management( are( considered( as( the( highest( purposes( in( the( sustainable(management(of(local(watersheds.( ( In(the(Philippines,(the(value(of(water(and(its(sustainable(management(has(been(enshrined( and( mandated( by( several( laws( (i.e.,( PD( 1067:( the( Water( Code( of( the( Philippines;( PD( 198:( Provincial( Water( Utilities( Act,( RA( 8041:( National( Water( Crisis( Act,( and( RA( 9275:( Clean( Water(Act).(However,(data(on(the(status(of(water(resources(management(and(water(quality( monitoring(are(handled(by(different(agencies,(namely(by(the(following:(( ( ! National( Water( Resources( Board:( ground( and( surface( water( rights( and( source( capacities;( ! Environmental( Management( Bureau:( surface( water( quality( monitoring,( waste( water(effluence/discharge(in(bodies(of(water;( ! Local(water(districts:(water(extraction(and(demand,(connections(and(distribution;( ! Department(of(Health:(drinking(water(quality(analysis(or(potability;(( ! LGUs:(existing(water(systems/access;( ! National( Irrigation( Administration:( water( flow( rate( of( rivers/dams( and( irrigation( facilities;(and(( ! PAGASA:(storm(water/rainfall(volume.( ( Very( limited( and( inconsistent( data( on( water( quality( testing( for( heavy( metals( and( organic( compounds( is( generated( by( local( water( districts( or( health( units.( Specific( administrative( bodies(such(as(the(Laguna(Lake(Development(Authority((LLDA)(monitor(water(quality(and( wastewater(discharge(in(specific(geographical(areas.( ( 9. Climate( change( and( disaster( risk( vulnerabilities/conditions.( It( has( become( imperative( to( include( climate( change( in( any( SOWR( due( to( the( continuing( effects( and( real( threats( of( extreme( weather.( This( is( particularly( true( in( a( highRrisk( country( such( as( the( Philippines.(( Likewise,( geoRhazard( conditions( are( important( elements( in( a( SOWR( for( the( purpose( of( identifying(vulnerability(and(threats(to(settlements(and(production(areas,(among(others.((( ( Some( of( the( key( climate( change( data( inputs( are( rainfall/precipitation,( temperature( rise,( flooding,( storm( surges,( tsunami,( and( sea( level( rise.( These( are( normally( obtained( from( the( PAGASA( (www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph)( and( research( or( academic( institutions( such( as( the( Ateneo( University’s( Manila( Observatory.( ( As( earlier( mentioned,( the( recently( launched( Project( NOAH( (www.noah.dost.gov.ph)( is( a( rich( source( of( ‘real( time’( climate( and( weatherR related(data(and(information.( ( GeoRhazard( assessment( data( and( maps( on( landslides/erosion( area,( earthquake,( and( land( subsidence/liquefaction,(among(others,(have(been(prepared(by(the(DENR’s(Mines(and(GeoR sciences( Bureau( (MGB).( GeoRhazard( maps( can( be( accessed( through( the( MGB( (www.mgb.gov.ph)(and(Manila(Observatory((www.observatory.ph)(websites.( ( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(31(
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While( there( are( several( good( sources( of( climate( and( disasterRrelated( data,( vulnerability( assessments(and(projections(need(to(be(prepared(on(a(locationRbyRlocation(basis.(Findings( in( these( assessments( help( establish( baselines( and( future( monitoring( reports( in( a( SOWR.(( Such(assessments(and(projections(are(normally(made(through(special(studies,(or(contracted( to(research/academic(institutions.( ( 10. Institutional( and( governance( arrangements/situations.( The( scope( of( discussion( in( any( SOWR( would( be( incomplete( without( including( the( different( governance( and( management( regimes(existing(in(a(local(watershed.(Because(of(the(many(resource(management(laws(and( policies,( the( resource( management( of( local( watersheds( in( the( country( is( covered( under( multiple( and( overlapping( management( arrangements.( The( absence( of( a( single( officially( mandated( watershed( management( authority( makes( the( discussion( of( existing( governance( arrangements( in( every( local( watershed( and( its( dynamics( with( other( watersheds( critical( factors(in(the(sustainable(management(of(any(given(area.( ( Several( mandated( national( and( local( institutional( bodies( exercise( specific( jurisdictions( within( the( watersheds,( including( Protected( Area( Management( Boards( (PAMBs),( Water( Quality( Management( Boards( (WQMBs),( ecological( solid( waste( management( councils,( local( mining(councils,(multiRpartite(monitoring(committees,(etc.((Discussions(on(the(convergence( of( their( activities( in( the( watershed( are( critical( inputs( to( a( SOWR,( alongside( issues( on( how( these(groups(exist(and(cooperate.(( ( Other(items(for(discussion(on(institutional(and(governance(arrangements(would(be(on(the( existing( status( and( conditions( of( tenurial( arrangements( and( rights( in( the( areas.( These( include(groups(and(individuals(holding(tenurial(rights,(permits(and(claims(over(specific(land( and( coastal( resources.( These( refer( to( the( Certificates( of( Ancestral( Domain( Claim( (CADCs)( and( Certificates( of( Ancestral( Domain( Title( (CADTs)( for( ancestral( lands,( CommunityRbased( Forest( Management( Agreements( (CBFMAs)( for( public( forests,( Industrial( Forest( Management( Agreements( (IFMAs)( for( industrial( tree( plantations,( Financial( Technical( Assistance(Agreements((FTAAs)(for(large(scaleRmining,(sand(and(gravel(quarrying(permits,( water( rights/permittees,( foreshore( lease( agreements( (FLAs),( fishpond( lease( agreements,( Certificate( of( Land( Ownership( Agreements( (CLOAs)( and( Emancipation( Patents( (EPs)( for( agrarian( reform( beneficiaries,( reclamation( permits,( free( patents,( and( private( titles.( All( tenurial( holders,( permittees( and( claimants( exert( pressure( in( the( utilization( of( watershed( resources.( Each( type( of( pressure( affects( a( watershed’s( ability( to( sustain( benefits( and( uses( derived(by(people(dependent(on(the(watershed.((Much(of(the(information(on(tenure(holders( would(be(available(to(the(local(and(regional(offices(of(the(issuing(agencies(such(as(the(DENR( (foreshore(lease,(forestry(permit/agreements,(mining(permits,(and(land(patents/titles),(DAR( (CLOAs/EPs),(NCIP((CADCs/CADTs),(NWRB((water(rights(and(permits),(and(LGUs.( ( 11. Public( and( stakeholder( perception( and( awareness.( ( A( SOWR( may( also( be( accompanied( by( the(findings(of(a(local(public(and(stakeholder(perception(and(awareness(survey.(Public(and( stakeholder( perceptions( are( important( inputs( to( a( SOWR( as( these( provide( a( ‘feedback’( mechanism(on(the(effectiveness(of(existing(watershed(management(efforts(and(the(level(of( understanding( of( local( watershed( stakeholders( on( issues( and( concerns( affecting( their( watershed.(The(use(of(subsequent(surveys(to(determine(if(the(citizen’s(level(of(awareness,( attitudes(and(behaviours(are(changing(as(a(result(of(communications(and(other(watershed( management(work(can(be(a(followRon(activity.( ( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(32(
(
Public(and(stakeholder(perception(and(awareness(information(also(provide(information(on( the(degree(of(the(support,(acceptance(and(commitment(of(the(local(inhabitants(to(watershed( management( activities,( problems( and( resolutions.( More( importantly,( the( public( stakeholder’s(level(of(consciousness(and(their(issues(and(concerns(in(relation(to(their(local( watershed( provide( guidance( to( local( management( bodies( for( the( identification( of( future( plans(and(programs(in(the(watershed(which(should(be(included(in(watershed(management( plans.(This(is(part(of(improving(the(governance(process(in(local(watershed(management.( ( Information(on(public(and(stakeholder(perception(and(awareness(may(come(from(opinion( polls(or(surveys,(focus(group(discussions((FGDs),(workshops,(key(informant’s(interviews,(or( even(through(ordinary(letters(with(the(checklist(type(of(feedback(mechanism.((Other(forms( of( generating( information( on( the( general( public’s( perception( and( awareness( could( come( from(media(outlets,(blogs(and(commentaries,(public(forums(and(socioRcultural(gatherings(or( symposia.( ( 12. Existing(Plans(and(Programs.(((It(is(a(great(advantage(to(identify(any(national(programs(that( are(being(undertaken(within(the(watershed,(or(those(having(potential(to(be(accessed.(These( programs( can( significantly( alter( the( SOWR( and( at( the( same( time( provide( additional( information(and(assessment(that(can(be(included(in(finalization(of(the(report.(( ( ( # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(33(
(
V.
WATERSHED#REPORT#CARD:#REPORTING#ON#PROGRESS#AND# HEALTH# A. WHAT(IS(A(WATERSHED(“REPORT(CARD”?( (
Watershed(Management(Process( Courtesy(of(Gary(Wilkins,(Toronto(and(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2012(
(
( A( watershed( report( card( is( a( summary( and( simplified( evaluation( of( the( overall( condition( of( the( watershed( described( in( a( SOWR.( The( report( card,( which( is( developed( after( a( watershed( management( plan( has( been( implemented,( reflects( the( developments( or( changes( that( have( transpired(over(a(given(period(of(time,(based(on(a(set(of(measured(outcome(indicators(adopted(for( this( purpose.( A( grading( or( rating( system( is( used( as( the( visual( or( numerical( presentation( to( communicate(the(condition(and(provide(the(readers(a(quick(picture(of(the(health(of(the(watershed( and(its(trajectory(of(change.(( ( In(some(cases,(there(is(a(standardized(report(card(that(can(simply(show(the(health(of(the(watershed.(( These( are( report( cards( on( key( indicators( such( as( surface( water( quality,( ground( water( quality( and( forest( cover( that( when( calculated,( can( show( the( current( health( of( the( watershed( and( its( change( since(the(last(time(of(measurement.(Moreover,(change(is(often(slow(and,(therefore,(a(report(card(is( not(needed(every(year.(Preparing(a(report(card(every(3(to(5(years(is(adequate;(regular(evaluation( can( still( take( place( yearly,( if( resources( are( available,( and( the( information( collected( can( feed( into( future(report(cards.( (
B. USES(OF(THE(“REPORT(CARD”( ( The( watershed( ‘report( card’( is( primarily( used( as( a( communication( and( advocacy( tool( about( the( condition( of( a( watershed( based( on( implementing( recommended( actions( prescribed( in( a( management(plan.(It(may(be(used(to(generate(support(and(commitment(as(a(common(reference(for( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(34(
(
watershed( management( activities( or( advocacy( for( particular( issues( and( concerns( raised( by( communities(or(stakeholders.((It(also(serves(as(a(tool(for(engagement(and(feedback(between(local( management( bodies( and( watershed( stakeholders( and( constituencies( on( the( effectiveness( of( activities( being( implemented( in( the( watershed.( A( watershed( ‘report( card’( also( serves( as( a( handy( reference( or( comparison( with( other( watershed( bodies( or( groups.( But( most( importantly,( a( watershed(‘report(card’(is(a(succinct(presentation(of(information(that(would(help(set(priorities(and( guide( the( actions( of( local( decisionRmakers( or( management( authorities( on( existing( and( emerging( local(watershed(management(issues(and(concerns.(((
C. COMMUNICATING(TO(AUDIENCES/STAKEHOLDERS( ( Communicating( the( findings( and( recommendations( to( local( watershed( stakeholders( and( constituencies( is( an( essential( element( of( the( whole( watershed( management( process.( ( As( stated( earlier,( the( purpose( of( a( SOWR( is( to( serve( as( inputs( to( decisionRmaking( and( action( within( the( watershed(by(stakeholders.((Presenting(and(communicating(watershed(conditions(and(progress(at( reaching(management(objectives(to(the(general(public(and(other(audiences,(either(through(a(‘report( card’( or( other( forms( of( media( such( as( press( conference/briefings,( conferences,( workshops,( town( hall(meetings,(assemblies,(publications,(bulletins,(etc.(shall(depend(on(the(type(of(response(or(action( expected(from(the(target(audience.(((
D. USE(OF(DIGITAL(MEDIA,(INTERNET(AND(SOCIAL(NETWORKS(IN(TRANSMITTING( WATERSHED(REPORT(CARD(RESULTS( ( The( use( of( digital( media( or( “new( media”( has( provided( a( broader( public( audience( than( any( communication(or(advocacy(campaign.(Many(social(and(political(causes(have(used(digital(media(and( social(networks(to(facilitate(and(mobilize(people(to(actions.((In(the(last(2010(national(polls,(the(use( of(digital(media,(social(networks,(blogs,(onRline(forums(and(instant(messaging(were(used(as(part(of( savvy(political(campaigners(to(woo(voters,(especially(young(adults((age(15R35).((The(use(of(digital( media( to( mobilize( and( popularize( local( watershed( conditions( and( management( initiatives( is( an( additional( venue( for( communication( and( advocacy( as( well( as( stakeholder( feedback( on( local( sustainable(watershed(management(programs.((
E. TIPS(IN(COMMUNICATING(THE(WATERSHED(‘REPORT(CARD’( ( Because(a(watershed(‘report(card’(is(primarily(a(communications(tool,(here(are(some(important(tips( to(bear(in(mind(when(communicating(its(contents:6( ( a. Keep(it(simple(–(Report(only(on(the(essential(indicators.(For(example,(forest(cover,(surface( water(quality(and(groundwater(quality.# # b. UserRfriendly( format( –( UserRfriendly( entails( maximizing( the( use( of( simple( visuals,( pictures( and(maps(to(represent(the(changes(and(progress.((This(is(particularly(important(in(making( the(science(behind(watershed(assessment(understandable(to(the(general(public(and(to(show( the(trajectory(of(change.# # ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 6http://www.conservationRontario.on.ca/watershed_monitoring/documents/CO_CCME.pdf(
( Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(35(
(
c.
Use(relevant(messaging(–(The(content(and(language(of(the(report(card(should(conform(to(its( target( audience( (i.e.,( local( policy( makers,( nonRtechnical( people,( ordinary( citizens,( academics/researchers,(etc.)#
# d. Easy( access( and( use( –( A( report( card( has( no( value( if( it( does( not( reach( its( audience.(( Facilitating( access( and( use( (particularly( onRline)( of( the( report( card( and( information( in( the( SOWR(is(one(of(the(means(to(effectively(communicate(results.# #
e. Use( of( complementary( and( multiple( products( –( The( story( of( the( “state( of( health”( of( a(
(
watershed( cannot( be( captured( in( just( one( ‘report’( or( communications( product.( Other( complementary(materials(could(include(case(studies(and(detailed(sectoral(reports(produced( to( elaborate( on( key( watershed( characteristics( and( implementation( actions.( These( can( be( made(available(on(the(internet.(
Furthermore,( it( is( essential( to( maintain( continuous( communication( regarding( the( watershed( to( keep(stewardship(at(the(fore(of(all(decision(makers’(and(constituents’(agendas.(( (
F. BEST(PRACTICES( ( Annex#E(contains(links(to(reference(documents(and(handbooks(on(preparing(SOWRs(and( watershed(Report(Cards(from(other(jurisdictions(in(Canada.
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(36(
(
ANNEX#A:#SOWR#SOURCES#OF#INFORMATION# ( TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# WEBSITE# AVAILABLE# A. Socio&Economic&Data&and&Statistics# National-Statistics-Office-(NSO)http://www.census.gov.ph/( ! Contains(most(of(the(socioR economic,(population,(labor,( household,(business,(industry,( trade,(production(statistics( (national,(regional(and( provincial(levels).(
National-Statistics-and-Coordination- http://www.nscb.gov.ph/( Board-(NSCB)-( ! Poverty(levels/incidences,(MDG( goals,(timeRseries(data(and( historical(analysis(of(significant( national(socioReconomic(data( and(statistics;(national( accounts(data(and(information.(
National-Economic-Developmentwww.neda.gov.ph/(( Authority-(NEDA)( ! National(and(regional(data,( ( statistics(and(development(plan( targets.(
Local-Planning-and-Development-
According(to(local(
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS# Carmelita#Ericta( Administrator(and(Civil(Registrar( General(( Ground(Floor(Solicarel(Building(I(( Ramon(Magsaysay(Boulevard( Sta(Mesa,(Manila(1016(( Tel:((632)(7160807( ((((((((((((((632)(7137074( Fax:((632)(7137073( (632)(7156503(( ERmail:(C.Ericta@census.gov.ph( ( Dr.#Jose#Ramon#G#Albert( Secretary(General(( Tel:((632)(895R2439( Tel:((632)(895R2395(( Email:(jrg.albert@nscb.gov.ph( ( Ground,(2nd(&(5th(Floors( Midland(Buendia(Building( 403(Sen(Gil(Puyat(Avenue( 1200(Makati(City( Hotline:((632)(8952767( Fax:((632)(890R8456( Email:(info@nscb.gov.ph( (
Arsenio#M.#Balisacan,#PhD( SocioREconomic(Planning( Secretary Direct(line:(6313716(( Trunkline:(6313723loc(602 Fax:(6313747( 12(Saint(Josemaria(Escriva(Drive,( Ortigas(Centre,(Pasig(City(1605(( Trunkline:(6310945(R(56( ( ( According(to(local(circumstances.(
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(37(
(
TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# WEBSITE# AVAILABLE# Offices-(Province,-City-andcircumstances.( Municipality)B. Biodiversity&and&Biophysical&Conditions( Department-of-Environment-andwww.denr.gov.ph/( Natural-Resources-(DENR)-and-itshttp://forestry.denr.gov.ph/( field-and-sectorial-offices( www.emb.gov.ph/( (i.e.,(Forest(RManagement(Bureau,( www.mgb.gov.ph/( www.pawb.gov.ph/( Land(Management(Bureau,( http://lmb.gov.ph/(( Environmental(Management,( ( Protected(Areas(and(Wildlife( ( Bureaus,(Mines(and(Geosciences( Bureau).( ( UP-Marine-Science-Institute--www.msi.upd.edu.ph/( ! Coastal(and(marine(areas(data( ( in(the(selected(areas(in(the( ( Philippines,(including(field( studies(and(scientific( researches,(on(fisheries,(marine( protected(areas/sanctuaries,( among(others.# # Bureau-of-Fisheries-and-Aquatichttp://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/( Resources-(BFAR)ZDepartment-of( Agriculture-(DA)! National(and(local(fisheries( data((marine,(coastal,( municipal,(inland,(aquaculture),( catch(volume(production,( areas;(habitat(protection(and( conditions;(fish(demand(and( markets.( C. Climate&Change&and&Disaster&Risk&( PAGASA-–-Department-of-Sciencewww.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/( and-Technology-(DOST)! Climate,(weather,(rainfall(and( temperature(data;(climate(and( weather(related(studies(and( researches;(historical(data(and( projections.#
Philippine-Institute-of-Volcanologyand-Seismology-(Philvolcs)-–DOST-
www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/( (
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS#
Ramon#J.#Paje# Secretary( Department(of(Environment(and( Natural(Resources( DENR(Compound,(Visayas( Avenue( Quezon(City( Trunkline:(+63R2R929R6626( The(Marine(Science(Institute( Velasquez(Street( University(of(the(Philippines( Diliman,(Quezon(City(1101( Philippines( Email:(admin@(upmsi.ph( Director’s(Office:# (632)(9223962( (632)(9818500(loc(2902( Atty#Asis#G.#Perez# Director( PCA(Building,(Elliptical(Road( Diliman,Quezon(City( Phone:(((632)(9298074,(( 9299597(
Science(Garden(Complex# Agham(Road,(Diliman,(Quezon( City( PHILIPPINES(1100( Tel:((632)(4342696(( Fax:(632)(4342696( Cable(Address:(WEATHER( MANILA( Email:(piias@pagasa.dost.gov.ph( ( The(Director(
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(38(
(
TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# AVAILABLE# Earthquake,(liquefaction((and( seismic(faults(and(hazard(maps,( areas;(volcanic(eruptions,( impact(areas,(historical(data;( fault(maps(and(areas;(tsunami( levels,(warnings(and(history.#
!
# Mines-and-Geosciences-Bureau(MGB)! GeoRhazard(mapping(and( threatened(areas((landslide,( erosion,(flooding(threats).#
WEBSITE#
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS# PHIVOLCS(Building,(CP(Garcia( Avenue,(UP(Campus,(Diliman,( Quezon(City(( Philippines( Tel:(+632(426(1468(to(79( Fax:(+632(929(8366,(927(4524( #
www.mgb.gov.ph/( (
Engr#Leo#L.#Jasareno# Acting(Director( Tel:(((632)(9209120;(( (632)(9209130( Fax:(((632)(9201635( Email:(ljasareno@mgb.gov.ph( MGB(Compound,(North(Avenue,( Diliman,(Quezon(City( Tel:((632)(9288642(;(( (632)(9209120( Email:(central@mgb.gov.ph( #
Manila-Observatory-–-Ateneo-dewww.observatory.ph/( Manila-University( ! Climate(change(and(weather( monitoring(and(forecasting( data,(history(and(analysis;(geoR hazard(maps;(forest(cover( maps;(urban(air(quality(and( specific(researches(and(studies.(# National-Disaster-Risk-Reductionand-Management-Council! OverRall(coordinator(of(disaster( relief(and(response(operations( in(the(country;(monitors(all( disaster(responses(and(areas.# # Office-of-Civil-Defense! Monitors(all(disasterRrelated( events(and(initiatives(in(the( country,(including(cost(of( damages(and(effects,(and( areas/people(affected.# # Project-NOAH! Integrated(information(and( data(system(on(disaster(and( weather(conditions(to(provide( realRtime(assessments(and(
www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/( (
The(Director( Manila(Observatory( Ateneo(de(Manila(University( Campus( Loyola(Heights,(Quezon(City(( Telephone:((632)(4265921,( 4260837,(4266495( Fax:((632)(4260847,4266141( Email:(manila@observatory.ph( # Undersecretary#Benito#Ramos# Administrator,(OCD( Executive(Director,(NDRRMC( Tel:(632)4211926,( ( (632)9126675(( Fax:((632)9122424#
http://ocd.gov.ph/( (
Undersecretary#Benito#Ramos# Administrator,(OCD(and( Executive(Director,(NDRRMC( Tel:((632)4211926( ( (632)(9126675(( Fax:((632)9122424#
http://noah.dost.gov.ph/( ( ( (
#
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(39(
(
TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# AVAILABLE# warning(on(typhoons(and( storms(in(the(country.#
WEBSITE#
# LGU-Disaster-and-CoordinatingAccording(to(local( Councilscircumstances.( Local-Academic-and-researchAccording(to(local( institutions( circumstances.( ( D. Land&Use&and&Tenurial&Arrangements# LGU-Local-Planning-andAccording(to(local( Development-Officescircumstances.( ! Detailed(data,(information(and( future(land(uses(as(contained(in( their(local(land(use(plans(and( development(plans;(zoning( restrictions(and(arrangements;( and(projected(development( areas(and(resource(uses.( ( Housing-and-Land-Use-Regulatoryhttp://hlurb.gov.ph/( Board-(HLURB)( ! Local(land(use(plan(data(and( copies,(subdivision(and( property(development( information(and(data;( settlement(and(housing( development(plans.Bureau-of-Soils-and-Waterwww.bswm.da.gov.ph/( Management( ! Land(and(crop/soil(suitability( maps;(production(projection( and(type(of(crops/agricultural( production(areas;(local(climate( change(vulnerability( assessment(of(agricultural( areas;(land(use(reclassification( data;(water(resources(data.( ( Land-Management-Bureau-(LMB)Z http://lmb.gov.ph( DENR( ! Patrimonial(and(public(lands( data,(area,(coverage;(number(of(( patents/title(issued;(cadastral( survey(and(boundary(maps;( foreshore(and(land(lease(
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS#
According(to(local( circumstances.# According(to(local( circumstances.#
According(to(local( circumstances.#
Atty#Antonio#M.#Bernardo( Chief(Executive(Officer(and( Commissioner( Housing(and(Land(Use( Regulatory(Board,( HLURB(Building,(Kalayaan( Avenue,(Diliman,(Quezon(City( Tel:(9243378/84# Director#Silvino#Q.#Tejada# Director’s(Office( BSWM(Building( Visayas(Avenue(corner(Elliptical( Road( Diliman,(Quezon(City( Tel:((632)(9204382,(9204318( Fax:((632)(9230454#
Engr.#Ralph#Pablo# Acting(Director( Land(Management(Bureau( Plaza(Cervantes,(Binondo( Manila( Phones:((632)(4800041( (632)(2454503(
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(40(
(
TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# AVAILABLE# agreements;(salvage(zone(areas( and(descriptions(.( ( Department-of-Agrarian-Reform(DAR)! Distributed(lands(to(agrarian( reform(beneficiaries,(total( beneficiaries(and(coverage( areas/hectarage.(
WEBSITE#
www.dar.gov.ph/( (
National-Commission-for-Indigenous- http://www.ncip.gov.ph/( Peoples-(NCIP)( ! Ancestral(land(and(domains( claims(database,(tribes,( coverage(areas(and(titles(issued( and(management(plans.-
Housing-and-Urban-DevelopmentCoordinating-Council-(HUDCC)! National(housing(and( settlements(plan,(database,( locations(and(coverage(areas;( coordinated(data(from(other( housing(agencies,(projections( and(demands.(
www.hudcc.gov.ph/( (
National-Mapping-and-ResourceInformation-Authority-(NAMRIA)----( ! Local(land(cover(and(use,(land( classification,(topographical,( contour(maps((with(different( scales),(political(boundary( delineations;(land(and(water( resources(surveys;(nautical( charts(and(satellite(and(aerial( photos/images.( ( Protected-Areas-and-WildlifeBureaus-(PAWB)ZDENR! Protected(area(coverage,(area( biodiversity(assessments,( management(plans(and( programs.-
www.namria.gov.ph/( (
www.pawb.gov.ph/( (
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS# Fax:((632)(2436651( Secretary#Gil#de#los#Reyes# Office(of(the(Secretary( Department(of(Agrarian(Reform( Elliptical(Road( Diliman,(Quezon(City( Tel:((632)(474(7405( # Office#of#the#Chairman# 2/f(Ndela(Merced(Building( corner(West(and(Quezon( Avenues,(Quezon(City( Tel:((632)5751200(loc(1002( Fax:((632)3739787( Email:( ncipchairmansoffice@yahoo.co m( ( Honourable#Vice#President# Jejomar#C.#Binay# Chairman( BDO(Plaza,(8737(Paseo(de(Roxas( St,(Makati(City( Tel:((632)(8128870( ((632)(8114168( Fax(:((632)(8114158( Email:(info@hudcc.gov.ph( ( The(Administrator( NAMRIA( Lawton(Avenue,(Fort(Bonifacio,( Taguig(City( DL:((632)(8105471( Trunklines:((632)(8104831R34#
Theresa#Mundita#S#Lim# Director( Email:(director@pawb.gov.ph( Ninoy(Aquino(Parks(and( Wildlife(Center( Diliman,(1100(Quezon(City((
Handbook(for(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(41(
(
TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# AVAILABLE#
WEBSITE#
Mines-and-Geosciences-Bureau! Mining(areas,(coverage,( permittees,(volume(production( and(projections,(investment( areas,(affected(communities( and(population,(investment( inputs;(mineral(resources(data( and(assessment.#
www.mgb.gov.ph/( (
Forest-Management-Bureau! Forestland(statistics,(areas,( production(volume,( status/conditions,(forest(cover( conditions,(tenurial( arrangements(and(management( schemes(issues/coverage,( rehabilitation(and(reforestation( figures;(specific(studies(and( researches;(watershed(areas( and(delineation,(assessments;( lease(agreements(and(patents( issued.# # DPWH! Road(and(infrastructure( network(plans,(timetables,( location(and(targets.(
www.forestry.denr.gov.ph/( (
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS# Tel:((632)(9246031(to(35( Fax:((632)(9240109( # Engineer#Leo#L.#Jasareno# Acting(Director( Tel:(((632)(9209120( (632)(9209130( Fax:(((632)(9201635( Email:(ljasareno@mgb.gov.ph( MGB(Compound,(North(Avenue,( Diliman,(Quezon(City( Tel:((632)(9288642(( (632)(9209120( Email:(central@mgb.gov.ph( ( Forester#Ricardo#L.#Calderon,# CESO#III( Office(of(the(Director( FMB(Building,(Visayas(Avenue( Quezon(City( Tel:((632)(9289313,((632)( 9274788(( Fax:((632)(9200374( # #
www.dpwh.gov.ph/( (
E. Water&Resources&and&Water&Quality&Management# National-Water-Resources-Boardwww.nwrb.gov.ph( ! Surface(and(domestic(water( ( source(data,(estimated( flow/capacity,(water(permits( and(rights/utilization(rate.#
Secretary#Rogelio#Singson# Email:( singson.rogelio@dpwh.gov.ph( Bonifacio(Drive,(Port(Area,( Manila(City,(Metro(Manila( Tels:((632)3043000,( (632)3043300( ( Director#Vicente#S.#Paragas# Executive(Director's(Office# 8/f(NIA(Building,(EDSA,(Diliman,( Quezon(City( Tel:(9282365( 9202641( Fax:(9202724(( Email(Address:( nwin@nwrb.gov.ph(
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TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# AVAILABLE#
WEBSITE#
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS# # Atty.#Juan#Miguel#T.#Cuna# Director( DENR(Compound,(Visayas( Avenue(( Diliman,(Quezon(City( Tel:((9202253( 9202258(( 9202246( Email:(mail@emb.gov.ph((
Environmental-Management-Bureau(EMB)ZDENR! Water(quality(testing(and( monitoring(of(surface(water( bodies((i.e.(DO,(BOD,(TSS,(etc.);( wastewater(disposal(and( monitoring;(industrial(water( and(pollution(discharges( monitoring,(water(body( monitoring.# # Local-Water-Utilities-Administration(LWUA)! Water(distribution(supply(and( demand,(coverage(areas(and( connections,(future(plans(and( expansion(areas;((water(source( identification(and(reservation;( water(district(geographic( information(system((WDRGIS).#
www.emb.gov.ph/( (
Department-of-Health-(DOH)-– Regional-Centers! Potable(water(quality( monitoring(and(testing((i.e.(E( coli)(compliance(to(PNSDW( standards(of(water(districts,( public(and(private(water( systems(and(service(providers.# # National-Irrigation-Authority-(NIA)! Water(flow(estimates(and( projections(of(major(water( bodies(to(be(tapped(for( irrigation(purposes,(general( conditions(of(areas,(and(ground( and(surface(water(sources;( conducts(feasibility(studies(of( large(irrigation(projects(and( systems;(agriculture(coverage( areas;(weather(and(rainfall( analysis(and(projections.#
www.doh.gov.ph( (
Acting#Administrator#Eduardo# C.#Santos# Local(Water(Utilities( Administration,( MWSSRLWUA(Complex,( Katipunan(Avenue,( Balara,(Quezon(City( Tel:((632)(9205581(to(89 (632)(9260557( (((((((((((((((632)(9296107( (((((((((((((((632)(9205439R(Office( of(the(Director( Fax:((632)(9223434( ( According(to(local( circumstances.#
www.nia.gov.ph/( (
According(to(local( circumstances.#
www.lwua.gov.ph( (
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TYPE#OF#INFORMATION# AVAILABLE# # Local-water-districts-and-serviceproviders! Water(supply/flow,(coverage( and(connections/services;( future(demands;(water(quality( testing((adherence(to(PNSDW( standards);(groundwater( quality/status(monitoring.# # Department-of-Public-Works-andHighways! Flooding(and(flooded(areas(and( vulnerable(areas;(flood(control( projects(and(road( infrastructure;(storm(water( monitoring(and(projections.# National-Power-Corporation-(NPC)! Water(flow(status(and(volume( of(major(hydroelectric(plants( and(dams;(coverage(and(service( areas;(energy(generate;( watershed(management( programs/plans.# Philippine-Coast-Guard-(PCG)ZDOTC! Marine(pollution(control(and( enforcement.#
F. Others# Google(Earth(and(Google(Maps(
OFFICE#ADDRESS#AND# CONTACT#NUMBERS#
WEBSITE# According(to(local( circumstances.(
According(to(local( circumstances.#
www.dpwh.gov.ph/( (
Secretary#Rogelio#Singson# Bonifacio(Drive,(Port(Area,( Manila(City,(Metro(Manila( Tel:((632)(304(3000( (((((((((((((((632)(304(3300( Email:( singson.rogelio@dpwh.gov.ph( ( BIR(Road(corner(Quezon( Avenue( Diliman,(Quezon(City,( Philippines( Tel:((632)(9213541( Fax:((632)(9212468(
www.napocor.gov.ph/( http://www.napocor.gov.ph/ WMD%20WEBPAGE/home.h tml( ( www.coastguard.gov.ph/( (
Vice#Admiral#Edmund#Castor# Tan# Philippine(Coast(Guard(HQ( 139(25th(Street((Manila( Tel:((632)(5278481(loc( 6290/6292( Direct(line((632)(328R1098( Fax:((632)(527R8481(loc(6291( #
earth.google.com/( maps.google.com/(
#
(
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ANNEX#B:#SAMPLE#SOWR#TABLE#OF#INDICATORS# ( Indicator Category Water Quality
Indicator River Water Quality Index (AENV)
Provides a general overall assessment of water quality by summarizing chemical, physical, and biological data. It reflects the impact of activities that significantly change water quantity or cause changes in inputs to rivers from either point or non-point sources
River Metals Index (AENV)
Provides a general measure of heavy metal concentrations in rivers and streams, and identifies potentially toxic or impaired reproductive conditions for humans and aquatic life.
River Bacterial Index (AENV)
Provides an indication of bacterial contamination suggesting recent contamination with fecal matter from humans or animals. Bacteria contamination may pose a potential risk to human, animal and ecosystem health. Provides a general measure of nutrient concentrations in rivers and streams. Nutrient Index results may also be used to assess non-point source nutrient contamination. Typically used as a measure of nonpoint source contamination. Presence of pesticides in rivers may be of significant concern to water users (i.e., drinking water, irrigation, stock watering).
River Nutrient Index (AENV)
River Pesticide Index (AENV)
CCME Water Quality Index
Provides a general assessment of water quality based on chemical and physical parameters.
Lake Trophic Status
Provides a general assessment of a lake’s productivity or fertility.
Nutrients
Provides a general measure of nutrient concentrations in Alberta rivers and streams and may be used to assess non-point source nutrient contamination. Provides an indication of bacterial contamination that may pose a potential risk to human, animal and ecosystem health.
Pathogens
(
Assessment Role of Indicator
Metric (i.e. that which is directly measured)
Indicator Type
Composite index value is calculated as an overall average of the combined index values for each of the four specific variable groups: • River Metals Index • River Bacterial Index • River Nutrient Index • River Pesticide Index Subset of up to 22 metals and ions (Aluminum, Arsenic, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Lithium, Manganese, Mercury, Molybdenum, Nickel, Selenium, Silver, Thallium, Uranium, Vanadium, Zinc, Cyanide, Fluoride) • Fecal coliforms • Ecoli
Condition
Subset of the following six parameters: total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved nitrite, total ammonia, dissolved oxygen, pH
Condition
Subset of 17 commonly applied pesticides (2,4-D, MCPP, MCPA, Diazinon, Lindane, Picloram, Dicamba, Triallate, Atrazine, Bromoxynil, Cyanazine, Malathion, Methoxychlor, Chlorpyrifos, Imazamethabenz, Diuron, Dichlorprop Subset of the following physical, chemical, and biological parameters: chloride, fecal coliforms, copper, iron, lead, manganese, zinc, NO3 and NO2, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, pH, sodium, sulphate, total dissolved solids Based on the following collective or individual measures: • Total phosphorus • Chlorophyll a • Secchi-disk visibility • Phosphorus • Nitrogen
Condition
• • • • •
Fecal coliforms E. coli Enterococcii Giardia Cryptosporidium
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition
Condition
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( Indicator Category Water Quality
Indicator Dissolved Oxygen
Water temperature pH Sediment contamination Individual pesticides Individual heavy metals
Water Quantity
Wastewater loadings (municipal or industrial) Lake Level Index
Deviation of recorded flows from naturalized flows Deviation of recorded flows from Water Conservation Objective (WCO) Deviation of recorded flows from In-stream Flow Need Floodplain presence and flooding pattern Hydrograph alteration
Assessment Role of Indicator Provides insight into potential factors influencing the distribution and abundance of aquatic species, as well as other critical chemical processes, including the release and adsorption of pollutants in sediments. Also reflects degree of mixing of water body. Provides insight into the distribution and abundance of aquatic species. Provides information on the chemical balance and biological state of the ecosystem. Provides information on sediment supply and contaminant dynamics, as many nutrients and contaminants adhere strongly to sediment. Provides an indication of pesticide contamination that may pose a potential risk to human, animal and ecosystem health Identifies potentially toxic conditions for humans and aquatic life.
Provides an indication of direct human inputs to natural system. Shows the status of individual lakes from year to year. This information can assist in interpreting related observations of changes in water quality, fisheries, or recreational opportunities as lake levels change over time. Illustrates the extent the natural flow regime has been altered and provides insight on status of meeting any apportionment agreements. Illustrates where, when, and to what extent water management targets are being achieved. Illustrates where, when and to what extent natural aquatic ecosystem components may be stressed. By considering where and how frequently it floods, illustrates changing conditions to floodplain ecosystems. Reflects changes to natural seasonal flow patterns and potential impact on flow-dependent ecosystem functions.
Metric (i.e. that which is directly measured) • •
Concentration of dissolved oxygen Percent saturation
Indicator Type Condition
Water temperature
Condition
Relative acidity of water
Condition
• •
Total suspended solids Turbidity
Condition
Presence/absence of select pesticides
Condition
• Lead • Arsenic • Cyanide • Mercury • Nutrients • Pathogens • Total suspended solids Lake level elevation relative to a standard level
Condition
Deviation of actual recorded flow from what would have occurred naturally (i.e., in the absence of any man-made effects).
Condition
Deviation of actual recorded flow from water management targets set by Alberta Environment for the protection of that water body. Deviation of actual recorded flow from what has been scientifically determined to be required to sustain a healthy aquatic environment. Area of historically connected floodplain vs. area of currently connected floodplain
Condition
Changes in duration, timing, and magnitude of: • Peak flow • Base flow • Seasonal patterns in hydrograph • Frequency of overbank flow
Condition
Pressure
Condition
Condition
Condition
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( Indicator Category Water Quantity
Landscape
Metric (i.e., that which is directly measured)
Indicator Type
Illustrates relative level of water use and withdrawal from the natural system.
Volume, rate and timing of withdrawals allocated through Water Act registrations, permits and licenses
Pressure
Illustrates level of water use and withdrawal from the natural system.
Volume of groundwater allocated through Water Act registrations, permits and licenses. • Current wetland area (%) • Wetland area lost due to human activity (%)
Pressure
Indicator
Assessment Role of Indicator
Surface water allocations and withdrawals by sector (i.e., irrigation, industrial, municipal) Groundwater extraction Wetland inventory
Reflects land use conversion from a natural to “developed” state and identifies potential alterations to local hydrological patterns and water quality. Reflects type and extent of human disturbance and degree of natural ecosystem function contributing to stream health.
Riparian health
Land cover Land use Terrestrial habitat connectivity Industrial features Human population Livestock density Linear development Stream connectivity Soil erosion Fertilizer/ pesticide application rates
Identifies habitat types within the watershed Illustrates extent and location of natural and human disturbed areas. Illustrates level of human disturbance, wildlife mobility, and viability/ sustainability. Illustrates extent and location of human disturbed areas and identifies different types of pressure on local ecosystem. Provides general measure of the level of human pressure on the environment. Provides measure of water quality degradation risk via contaminated runoff and effluent. Provides general measure on extent of human disturbance and fragmentation. Illustrates level of disturbance to natural flow conditions that could impair natural ecosystem function. Identifies potential, extent of, and contribution to sedimentation impacting water quality and flow. Provides measure of water quality degradation risk via contaminated runoff.
• •
Condition
Width of vegetated zone Species composition, age structure, and percentage of tree canopy cover within the riparian area • Bank condition Impervious area, bare area, and vegetated area by vegetation type Percentage of industrial, commercial, residential, agricultural, protected, etc. within watershed. Size, shape and spatial arrangement of habitat patches and corridors.
Condition
Density of livestock operations (CFOs), industrial processing plants, oil and gas wells, groundwater wells, landfills • Population density • Dwelling unit density Livestock units per unit area.
Pressure
Extent of transportation routes, utility corridors, and seismic lines. Number and impact of culverts or other natural and artificial hydraulic breaks (i.e., dams, weirs, culverts). Rate of soil erosion (measured or model predicted).
Pressure
• • •
Fertilizer application rates as per Canada Agricultural Census data Rate and location of pesticide application on land within watershed. Record of pesticide sales
Condition/ Pressure Condition/ Pressure Condition/ Pressure
Pressure Pressure
Pressure Pressure Pressure
(
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( Indicator Category Biological Community
Indicator
Assessment Role of Indicator
Index of Biotic Integrity
Reflects the quality and amount of aquatic habitat
Macrophyte community Benthic macroinvertebrates assemblage
May reflect level of eutrophication, or other condition within water body Reflects cumulative effects of chemical, physical, and biological health of watersheds. May also reflect presence, level, and type of potential pollutant. May reflect level of human disturbance (i.e., development/ encroachment, manipulation of water levels, recreational activities, etc.). Reflects level of water body euthrophication and provides frequency and level of potential risk to human, animal and ecosystem health. Confirms stress incurred by native species competing with invasive or introduced species.
Individual indicator species Blue-green algae outbreaks Invasive/ introduced species
Metric (i.e., that which is directly measured)
Indicator Type
Subset of the following fish species richness, composition, abundance, and condition metrics: • Total number of fish species • Number of specific native, intolerant and sensitive fish species • Percentage of fish that are omnivores, insectivores, and carnivores • Percent of individuals that are hybrids • Percent of individuals that are diseased or deformed Species composition and abundance
Condition
Species composition and abundance
Condition
Presence/ absence of leopard frogs, piping plover, American white pelican, bull trout, cottonwoods, other species sensitive to human disturbance Record of Cyanobacterial blooms
Condition
Presence of purple loosestrife, common tansy, Eurasian water milfoil, Didymosphenia geminate, quagga mussels, mud snails, spiny waterflea, other
Pressure
Condition
Condition
Source:--“Handbook-for-State-of-the-Watershed-Reporting:-A-Guide-for-Developing-State-of-the-Watershed-Reportsin-Alberta”.--Province-of-Alberta,-Canada.-November-2008,-pp-26Z30.( (
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ANNEX#C:#TIGUMTAGANAN#WATERSHED#INDICATORS# Goal: Abundant and clean water Thematic Area
Importance
1. Forest Cover
Forests retain stormwater, reduce erosion, provide oxygen and filter out pollutants. Indicators
Metric
1a. Increased forest cover
• Hectares of primary and secondary forest (aggregate public and private lands)
1b. Increased number of indigenous tree species
• Ratio on indigenous versus exotic tree species (in ha.)
1c. Increased production of indigenous tree species by local nurseries
• Indigenous tree species production per season
1d. Increased number of communities involved in community-based forest stewardship
• Percentage of total barangays in TAW engaged in stewardship activities • Type of stewardship activities
1e. Improved riverbank (riparian zone) protection
• Percentage of river and stream bank length with woody riparian vegetation
Thematic Area
Importance
2. Surface water
Surface water flow rates affect water available for human consumption and irrigation, with urbanization and deforestation causing reduced baseflows and increased peak flows. Indicators
Metric
2a. Surface water flow rate
• Cubic meters/second (m3/s) at critical points in time at stream gauge stations (in the absence of gauge stations we will be using monthly (1 day)spot calibration)
2b. Increased volume of rainwater captured (for domestic use)
• Number of households with rainwater collection tanks (RWCTs) • m3 of water collected by RWCTs
2c. Increased volume of surface water impounded for domestic, irrigation and industrial use
• Number of reservoirs/water impounds • m3 of water collected
2d. Surface water quality
• • • • • • • •
TSS level DO level BOD level TDS level E. coli level fecal coliform level pH levels Temperature
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• Nutrients (Phosphates and nitrates) 2e. Increased number of solid waste disposal systems in local communities and industries (based on Act RA 9003)
• Ratio of communities/industries with disposal systems versus total number of communities/industries
2f. Increased number of industries and commercial establishments with waste water treatment facilities
• Ratio on number of industries and commercial establishments with treatment facilities versus total number of industries and commercial establishments
Thematic Area
Importance
3. Groundwater
Provides the baseflow for streams and rivers that drain the watershed and is a source of water for drinking and irrigation. Indicators
Metric
3a. Groundwater quantity
• Rate of groundwater extraction (m3) for industrial, domestic and irrigation use (there must be a local legislation to monitor and regulate groundwater extraction)
3b. Ground water quality
• • • •
3c. Increased number of households with efficient and effective sanitary waste disposal system
• Ratio of households with efficient and effective sanitary waste disposal versus total number of households
3d. Increased number of communities with communal sanitary waste disposal system (communal toilets, sewage systems)
• Ratio of communities with communal sanitary waste disposal versus total number of communities with the same level of water distribution systems (measurement only for communities with level 1, level 2, or absence of water distribution systems)
Thematic Area 4. Biodiversity
E. coli Total fecal coliform Absence/ presence of metals/chemicals TDS
Importance Healthy habitats (forests, wetlands, riparian zones, rivers) support a broad range of animal species, allow wildlife to move around easily and provide recreational opportunities for people. Indicators
Metric
4a. Increase in area of wetlands present in the watershed
Ha. of wetland
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4b. Increase in biodiversity of flora and fauna
4c. Increased buffer zones in protected and/or bio-diversity areas
• % cover and distribution of different vegetation communities • Presence or absence of designated indicator species of animals (indicator species are animals that indicate the condition of the environment such as the level of pollution, habitat availability and the size and degree of disturbances) TBD
Goal: Sustainable Agriculture and Livelihood Thematic Area 5. Agricultural land
Importance How well agricultural land is being protected affects food security and sustainable livelihood of farmers. Indicators
Metric
5a. Maintenance of total land area devoted to agricultural production Thematic Area 6. Sustainable farming
• % of land area (ha.) in TAW devoted to agriculture Importance
The adoption of sustainable/organic farming methods can improve water quality in the watershed and reduce deforestation. Indicators
Metric
6a. Increased productivity in sustainable/organic farming
• Average yield (tons/hectare/year) of sustainable/organic food versus traditional agricultural products
6b. Increased number of cooperatives / farmer associations practicing sustainable/organic agriculture (number of Farmers practicing organic agriculture)
• Number of cooperatives / farmer association/ Farmers engaged in sustainable/organic agriculture
Thematic Area 7. Upland forest conservation
Importance Alternative forms of livelihood in upland areas can wean communities off agricultural and agro-forestry practices that are harmful to forest reserves. Indicators
Metric
7a. Increase in the number of households in upland municipalities engaged in livelihoods (eco-tourism, sustainable agriculture) that reduce forest degradation and deforestation
• Number of households engaged in alternative livelihoods
Goal: Disaster Resilient Communities Thematic Area 8. Secure communities
Importance Reducing risks to households due to extreme weather events and climate change can save lives and improve economic competitiveness. Indicators
Metric
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8a. Increased formulation of action plans related to climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and emergency response
• Number of LGUs with DRRM/CCM/CCA plans in place (in compliance to Act RA10121)
8b. Decrease in the number of vulnerable families living in high risk areas
• Number of families living in high risk areas
8c. Increased control measures against geo-hazards (landslides, erosion, flooding) in riparian zones and landslide/erosion prone areas
• Ratio on areas with control measures versus total area of land with identified hazards
8d. Increased number of households/communities in high risk areas in a state of emergency preparedness
• Number of household/communities in high risk areas participating in disaster drills • Number of barangays/communities with access to early warning systems
Goal: Stewardship of the Watershed Thematic Area
Importance
9. Community and stakeholder involvement
The level of engagement of communities and stakeholders in watershed management can help accelerate the pace of environmental restoration in the watershed.
Indicators
Metric
9a. Improved level of awareness and support for watershed stewardship by communities and stakeholders
• Number of IEC materials produced through print, broadcast and social media
9b. Improved community and civil society engagement in watershed management
• Number of barangays conducting microwatershed planning and implementation incorporating DRRM, CCA, and CCM. • Number of CSOs engaged in watershed management
9c. Increased business sector participation in watershed management
• Number of businesses or business organizations exercising CSR for watershed stewardship
9d. Increased academic community engagement in watershed management
• Number of universities and colleges actively participating in TAW activities
9e. Improved LGU leadership for watershed management
• Number of policies, ordinances and funded programs per TAW LGU supporting watershed stewardship
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ANNEX#D:#SAMPLE#TABLE#OF#CONTENTS#OF#A#SOWR7# (
SOWR#Section# 1.Introduction# 1.1 Purpose#of#the#Report# #
1.2#Scope#of#the#Report#
1.3#Approach#of#assessment#
1.4#Description#of#format#and# content#of#report#
Description#of#Content# The(state(of(the(watershed(report(should(provide(a(benchmark( against(which(the(effectiveness(of(future(stewardship(activities( and(best(management(practices(aimed(at(improving(watershed( health(may(be(assessed.(( ( The(information(should(provide(landowners,(stakeholders,( municipalities(and(stewardship(groups(the(information(needed( to(make(sound(management(decisions(aimed(at(implementing( beneficial(management(practices(and(developing(possible( solutions(to(protect(and(enhance(their(land(and(water(resources.(( ( Although(the(report(will(not(identify(specific(solutions(to(issues( within(the(watershed,(it(should(prioritize(the(issues(to(be( addressed(and(make(recommendations(toward(the(development( of(a(strategy(to(address(those(issues(and(opportunities.( ( Furthermore,(the(SOWR(should(also(include(statements(on(who( did(the(report,(and(what(governing(body(or(local(alliance( authorized(its(production(and(distribution.( ( The(report(should(summarize(current(and(historic(information( on(the(watershed.(It(may(include(information(on(the(watershed,( stream(and(lake(water(quality/quantity,(presence/absence(of( biological(species,(landRuse(and(the(potential(effect(of(resource( and(landRuse(practices.(( ( The(report(should(also(mention(limitations,(a(general(statement( identifying(the(expected(outcome(of(the(project.( ( Each(section(of(this(report(is(intended(to(provide(and(summarize( known(information((social,(physical,(and(environmental).( ( The(report(should(consider(the(physical(aspects(of(the(entire( watershed(–(first(at(a(broad(scale,(then(focusing(on(the(specific( land,(water,(biological(and(even(air(resources.( ( This(section(should(provide(a(brief(overview(of(the(layout(of(the( report(and(the(manner(in(which(the(information(is(being( presented.( (
((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 7This(was(adapted(from(the(Handbook(for(State(of(the(Watershed(Reporting:(A(Guide(for(Developing(State(of(
the(Watershed(Reports(in(Alberta,(published(by(Province(of(Alberta,(Canada,(November(2008,(pp(14R21.( ( Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(53(
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SOWR#Section# Description#of#Content# 2.0#Public#perception#and#concerns# # The(objective(of(this(section(will(be(to(highlight(current(and/or( previously(identified(public(concerns(so(that(they(may(be(used( to(provide(direction/focus(to(the(report,(and(perhaps(also( identify(issues(to(be(addressed(through(the(findings(of(the( report.(Information(may(come(from(previous(municipal(or(other( surveys,(interviews,(public(meetings,(letters(to(the(editor,( statements(of(concern,(etc.(Changes(to(public(perceptions(can(be( measured(over(time(to(determine(if(education(and(levels(of( participation(are(improving.( ( 3.0#Existing#plans#and#programs# # Includes(the(review(of(existing(or(proposed(local(village(byRlaws,( ordinances,(area(structure(and(municipal(development(plans.( Review(should(also(consider(current(or(past(municipal( initiatives(and(programs(intended(to(safeguard( lakes/watershed/wildlife(habitat.((This(information(may( illustrate(how(the(local(municipalities,(agencies,(and/or( stakeholders(are(addressing(local(issues,(and(may(also(highlight( opportunities(for(improvement.(
( It(will(be(beneficial(to(identify(past(and(current(watershed( stewardship(projects/programs/(efforts(within(the(watershed.( Review(should(highlight(any(existing(watershed(management(or( landRuse(plans(for(the(area(within(the(boundaries(of(the( watershed.( ( 4.0#Watershed#Characteristics# 4.1#General#description#of#the# General(description(of(watershed((location,(size,(boundaries),( watershed# including(the(identification(of(relevant(subRwatersheds(within( the(larger(watershed.(This(section(will(set(the(geographical( context(of(the(watershed(within(the(larger(region,(and(also( delineate(the(smaller(subRwatersheds(that(exist(within.(This(may( also(provide(opportunity(for(smaller(scale(investigations(into( localized(issues(and(opportunities.( ( 4.2#Climate# Local(climatologic(data((precipitation,(temperature,(wind).(This( information(may(be(used(to(characterize(seasonal(weather(and( runRoff(patterns(in(the(watershed,(to(understand(the(local(water( budget(for(the(region,(and(also(for(modeling(purposes.( ( 4.3#Land#and#vegetative#cover# Geographical(breakdown(of(land(cover( (public/private/agricultural/residential/forested/(natural)( within(the(watershed(and(subRwatersheds(as(interpreted(from( available(satellite,(air(and/or(orthophotos.(A(chronological( sequence(of(current(and(historic(air(photos,(combined(with( ground(surveys,(could(be(used(to(illustrate(trends(in(land(cover( and(conversion(over(time.(Different(land(cover(types(have( Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(54(
(
SOWR#Section#
Description#of#Content# different(potential(impacts(on(water(quality,(quantity,(and(other( resources.(Vegetative(cover(should(be(assessed(both(in(terms(of( quantity(and(quality;(factors(such(as(size,(shape,(connectivity,( distribution(and(adjacent(influences(all(have(an(impact(on( quality.( ( 4.4#Wildlife#resources# Description(of(types(of(wildlife(and(their(habitat(requirements( (particularly(species(at(risk).(This(information(may(identify( critical(wildlife(habitats(to(protect,(and(may(also(identify( pollutant(sources(associated(with(wildlife((i.e.,(seasonal(flocks(of( waterfowl(may(be(an(important(source(of(bacteria(and(nutrients( affecting(water(quality).((Review(should(assess(fragmentation,( connectivity,(and(configuration(of(wildlife(habitat((terrestrial( and(aquatic).( ( 4.5#Geography,#soils#and# Description(of(bedrock(and(surface(geology,(soils,(topography,( topography# elevation,(and(landforms.(This(information(may(identify(areas(of( groundwater(recharge/discharge,(areas(at(risk(of(groundwater( contamination,(soil(erosion,(etc.( ( 4.6#General#hydrology#and# General(overview(of(surface(resources,(drainage(patterns(and( drainage#infrastructure# infrastructure((i.e.,(dams(and(diversions),(volumeRtoRarea(ratio,( lake(residence(times.(This(section(may(also(consider(the(water( balance(that(exists(between(the(lake(and(its(watershed.(Those( contributing/nonRcontributing(areas(within(the(basin(and(the( extent(of(contribution(should(be(identified,(outlining(areas(to( consider(for(potential(source(water(protection.( ( 4.7#Groundwater# Overview(of(known(groundwater(resources(in(terms(of(volume,( resources/aquifers# depth(to(water(table,(direction(and(speed(of(flow,(yield,(recharge( rates,(and(potability.(This(section(should(include(discussion(on( the(importance(and(usage(of(groundwater(within(the(watershed,( either(as(a(domestic/industrial(water(source(or(its(contribution( to(lake(volumes(or(river(flows.(Discussion(may(also(include( inventory(of(known(and(licensed(groundwater(withdrawals.( ( 4.8#Air#quality# Overview(of(known(information(on(status(of(air(quality,(trends,( sources(of(contaminants((i.e.,(major(urban(centres,(industrial( plants),(etc.(A(summary(should(include(discussion(on(any(air( quality(public(advisories,(and(known(or(potential(impact(upon( other(media((water,(land).( ( 5.0#Land#use#and#social/cultural#resources# 5.1#History#of#human# Information(on(the(history(of(development( settlement# (urbanization/industrialization/agriculture),(description(of( communities,(demographics,(resources,(and(cultural(values.(This( section(begins(to(assess(the(development(pressures(upon(the( local(resources(and(provides(a(chronological(perspective(of(local( Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(55(
(
SOWR#Section#
5.2#Land#Use( 5.2.1#Land#resource#overview#
5.2.2#Agricultural#resources#
5.2.3#Forestry#resources#
5.2.4#Recreational#resources#
5.2.5#Other#human/industrial# influences#
Description#of#Content# development(activities.(Acknowledging(and(honouring(the(past,( before(proposing(changes(to(current(activities(and(lifestyles,(will( create(a(deeper(sense(of(ownership(within(the(community,(and( may(result(in(more(engagement(and(buyRin(to(the(project.( ( Land(uses((i.e.,(agricultural,(residential,(commercial,( recreational,(industrial,(transportation(and(utilities,(resource( extraction,(protected,(etc.)(are(an(important(factor(influencing( the(physical(and(biological(conditions(of(the(watershed.(Land( use(may(be(associated(with(particular(pollutant(stressors(or( sources.(Evaluating(land(use(distribution(may(guide/direct( implementation(of(future(beneficial(management(practices( and/or(stewardship(programs,(while(also(identifying(areas( currently(protected(or(in(need(of(protection.(It(may(also(identify( potential(stakeholders.(The(environmental(and(social(factors( should(direct(land(use(in(the(future.(( ( Overview(of(agriculture(in(watershed/subRwatersheds,( breakdown(of(agricultural(lands((cropland/forage/pasture),( farm(type/size/abundance/(distribution,(agricultural( production(and(livestock(density/placement,( trends/threats/opportunities(in(agriculture.(Knowledge(as(to( the(type,(intensity(and(location(of(agricultural(practices((i.e.,( tillage,(fertilizer/pesticide(applications,(etc.)(may(highlight( potential(issues(as(well(as(potential(partnership(opportunities.( ( Inventory(of(timber(resources((type,(volume,(age)(and(overview( of(forestry(activities((past/current/planned).(A(review(of( detailed(forest(management(plans(within(the(watershed(offers( the(opportunity(to(incorporate(current(and(future(harvesting( plans(and(practices(into(the(assessment.( ( Inventory(of(permanent(and(seasonal(lakeshore(or(other( residential/commercial(developments,(recreational( facilities/areas((i.e.,(beaches,(parks,(campgrounds),(planned(and( potential(expansions,(usage(rates,(services,(waste(production( and(disposal(facilities,(trends/threats/opportunities(in( recreational(activities(or(investments,(mapping(of(shoreline( municipal(and(environmental(reserves,(review(of(shoreline( development(and(municipal(landRuse(zoning(planning(processes.( Similar(to(the(overview(of(agricultural(resources,(this(inventory( may(highlight(potential(issues(and(partnership(opportunities.( ( Assessment(of(oil(&(gas/mining/gravel(extraction/other( industrial(activities.(Assessment(should(include(discussion(on( potential(impacts(from(current(and(future(levels(of(resource( development.( Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(56(
(
SOWR#Section#
Description#of#Content#
( Knowledge(of(these(activities(will(be(important(in(identifying( potential(watershed(stressor(and(pollutant(sources,(and(areas( for(additional(or(future(management(efforts.( ( 5.3#Water#supply#and#waste# Identification(of(all(sources(of(drinking(water(within(the( water#systems#(municipal,# watershed,(description(of(water(treatment(processes(and(any( private)# delivery(infrastructure,(as(well(as(processes(for(local(treatment( of(wastewater((lagoon,(septic(fields,(landRspreading(of(septage,( etc.).(Include(a(discussion(on(deficiencies((i.e.,(water(loss)(and( any(future(plans(for(expansion(of(supply(systems,(and/or(other( actions(to(meet(future(demands.( ( 5.4#Riparian#health# Review(of(any(available(shoreline(assessment(and(riparian(data( assessments# collected(within(the(watershed.(Issues(of(stream/lake(water( quality/quantity(may(be(related(to(riparian(health(and( management.(Any(assessment(of(shoreline(and(riparian(areas( may(assist(in(identifying(beneficial(actions(to(be(taken.(The(level( and(impact(of(nuisance(beaver(activity(within(the(watershed( may(also(be(considered(in(this(section.( 5.5#Wetland#inventory# Review(of(wetland(inventory(findings(where(such(an(inventory( has(been(conducted.(This(section(should(include(a(snapshot(of( current(wetlands(and(wetland(conditions,(and(a(discussion(on( any(known(changes(in(wetland(number,(type,(and(surface(area( from(known(historical(conditions.(Consider(a(discussion(on( calculated(cumulative(loss/gain(of(storage(volume(and( associated(impact(on(runRoff(rates,(soil(moisture(conditions,(etc.( ( 6.0#Surface#water#quality# 6.1#Water#quality#parameters### Record(water(quality(monitoring(initiatives,(and(assessments(of( (historic,#current,#trends)# chemical,(physical(and(biological(data(for(lakes(within( watershed((i.e.,(bacteria,(nutrients,(dissolved(oxygen,( transparency,(chlorophyll,(caffeine).(Since(the(downstream(point( of(accumulation(for(the(watershed’s(catchment(area(is(a(lake(or( the(sea,(the(health(of(the(lake(is(often(indicative(of(the(health(of( its(watershed.(Based(on(findings,(the(SOWR(should(identify( potential(point/nonRpoint(sources,(internal/external(sources.( ( Paleolimnological(studies(may(also(provide(insight(into(historic,( preRsettlement(water(quality(conditions(of(the(lake(and(its( watershed,(and(provide(some(context(as(to(natural(water(quality( conditions.( ( Record(water(quality(monitoring(initiatives(and(assessments(of( chemical,(physical(and(biological(data(for(tributaries(within( watershed((i.e.,(bacteria,(nutrients,(dissolved(oxygen,( transparency,(chlorophyll).(Combined(with(stream(flow(data,( this(information(can(be(used(to(calculate(nutrient(loadings.( Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(57(
(
SOWR#Section#
Description#of#Content# Assessing(and(comparing(the(quality(of(water(in(the(various( tributaries(will(also(assist(in(prioritizing(stewardship(projects( and(activities.( ( Note:(Water(quality(is(one(of(the(primary(measurable(indicators(of( watershed(condition.(
( Identification(of(the(location(of(any(known(pollutant(point( sources((storm(water(outflows,(treated(wastewater(release(sites,( industrial(discharges,(etc.),(and(summary(of(conditions(imposed( on(these.( ( 6.3#Aquatic#ecosystem#health# Assessment(of(current(and(historic(fish(habitat(inventory(data.( (biological#indicators)# Records(of(catastrophic(and(seasonal(events,(such(as(recorded( winter(fish(kills,(algal(blooms,(or(changes(to(diversity(of(aquatic( species((extirpations/introductions)(may(be(incorporated.(This( information(may(be(used(as(an(indicator(of(water(quality(and( may(also(highlight(particular(environmental(threats(or( reoccurring(events(that(should(be(considered.( ( 6.4#Public#Health# This(section(should(include(a(discussion(of(any(recorded(public( beach(closures,(fish(consumption(advisories,(boil(water( advisories,(etc.,(along(with(a(description(of(factors(or(events( contributing(to(and(reacting(to(public(health(advisories.( ( 7.0#Surface#water#quality#and#management# 7.1#Hydrology#and#lake#levels# Record(of(lake(level(fluctuations((in(isolation(and/or(in(relation( (historic,#current,#and# to(other(local(lakes),(river/stream/tributary(base(flow,( trends)# inventory(and(management(of(lake/river/drainage/(stormR water(infrastructure,(history(of(flood/drought(events.(( ( Delineation(of(1RinR100Ryear(floodplain(as(it(relates(to( recreational/residential/industrial(development(would(also(be( informative.(Compilation(of(this(information(could(provide( insight(into(events,(activities,(and(landscape(or(management( changes(that(may(influence(water(volumes(or(be(threatened(by( high/low(water(levels.( ( 7.2#Apportionment#and#other# Review(of(conditions(of(any(recognized(apportionment(and( flow#agreements#(sectorT other(agreements(influencing(water(flow(and(management((i.e.,( based,#interTprovincial,# interRprovincial(apportionment(agreements,(existing( regional)# watershed/subRwatershed(water(management(plans,(approved( diversion(and(dam(construction(and(operating(guidelines,(etc.).( ( 7.3#Water#allocations,# Assessment(of(current(and(past(licensed/permitted(water( withdrawals#and# withdrawals(from(rivers,(lakes(and(tributaries(for( consumption# domestic/livestock/irrigation/industrial/wildlife(usage.(Data( could(illustrate(the(significance(of(water(withdrawals(in(the( 6.2#Point#source#discharges#
Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(58(
(
SOWR#Section#
7.4#InTstream#flow#needs#and# water#conservation# objectives#
Description#of#Content# watershed(and(its(influence(on(seasonal(flows(and(lake(levels.( ( Provide(existing(base(flow(data.(Review(any(studies(of(calculated( flow(requirements(for(rivers/streams(within(the(watershed.( Review(current(flow(conditions(compared(to(desired(conditions( and(existing(plans(or(efforts(to(achieve(water(conservation( objectives.( (
8.0#Issues#and#challenges# 8.1#Interpretations#of#SOWR# assessment#findings#
Validation(of(public(issues(and(concerns(and(recognition(of( additional(threats(and(opportunities((including(lack(of( planning/enforcement).(This(section(will(provide(an(overall( summary(of(the(issues(as(identified(from(findings(highlighted(in( each(of(the(above(sections.( ( 8.2#Discussion#of#data#and# Discussion(of(data(gaps(and(limitations(with(available( data#gaps# data/knowledge,(identification(of(potential(sources(of(additional( data,(along(with(recommendations(for(the(collection(of(any( additional(data((including(the(means(of(collecting(this(data).( ( 9.0#Conclusions#and#recommendations# # Discussion(of(where(we(go(from(here,(how(this(SOWR(should(be( used(by(landowners,(stakeholders,(municipalities,(and(other( government(agencies(in(future(watershed(management.( Discussion(of(the(role,(responsibility(and(mandate(of( institutional(and(regulatory(bodies(in(light(of(this(information.( ( 10.0#Stewardship#opportunities# # Discussion(of(the(role(of(the(watershed(stewardship(group(in( terms(of(communications/(outreach,(program/project(delivery.( Recommendations(for(future(project(areas(and(stewardship( initiatives.( ( # # # # # ( ( ( ( ( ( (
Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(59(
(
ANNEX#E:#REFERENCES#TO#OTHER#SOWRS,#WATERSHED# REPORT#CARDS,#WATERSHED#MANAGEMENT#PLANS#AND# HANDBOOKS# ( Alberta(Environment.(November(2008.(Handbook-for-State-of-the-Watershed-Reporting:-A-Guide-for-PreparingState-of-the-Watershed-Reports-in-Alberta.((http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8044.pdf((
(
Alberta(Environment(and(Natural(Resource(Development.(October(2012.(Guide-to-Reporting-on-CommonIndicators-in-State-of-the-Watershed-Reports.(http://environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/8713.pdf((
( Ausable(Bayfield(Conservation(Authority.(2007.(Ausable-Bayfield-Conservation-Authority-Watershed-ReportCard.(http://www.abca.websmart.ca/reportcard.php( ( Bow(River(Basin(Council.(2005.(The-2005-Report-on-the-State-of-the-Bow-River-Basin.(( http://www.brbc.ab.ca/issues2.asp( ( Conservation(Ontario.((2011.(Guide-to-Developing-Conservation-Authority-Watershed-Report-Cards.(( http://www.conservationontario.ca/members/members_ebulletin_links/documents/COReportJan18FULL.p df(
( Essex(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2005.(Watershed-Report-Card.( http://www.erca.org/downloads/watershed_report_card06.pdf(
( Iron(Creek(Watershed(Improvement(Society.(2006.(Iron-Creak-Riparian-Health-Report-Card-2001-–-2006.( ( Keepers(of(the(Athabasca.(2008.(State-of-the-Athabasca-Watershed-2008.( http://www.keepersofthewater.ca/athabasca/state2008.pdf( ( Lac(La(Nonne(Watershed(Stewardship(Society.(2006.(Lac-La-Nonne-State-of-the-Watershed-Report.( http://www.laclanonnewatershed.com/LLN_SoW_Report.pdf( ( Mackenzie(River(Basin(Board.(2003.(State-of-the-Aquatic-Ecosystem-Report-2003.( http://www.swa.ca/Publications/AquaticEcosystem.asp( ( Muskoka(Watershed(Council.(2007.(The-Muskoka-Watersheds-Report-Card.( http://www.muskokaheritage.org/watershed/watershedreportcard.asp##2007( ( North(Saskatchewan(Watershed(Alliance.(2005.(State-of-the-North-Saskatchewan-Watershed-Report.( http://nswa.ab.ca/pdfs/SOWR.pdf( ( Nose(Creek(Watershed(Partnership.(2003.(Watershed-Health-Report:-Health-of-the-Nose-Creek-Watershed.(( http://www.nosecreekpartnership.com/documents/Watershed%20Health%20Report%20Card/Watershed %20Health%20Report%20Card%202002.pdf( ( Saskatchewan(Watershed(Authority.(2007.(State-of-the-Watershed-Report.( http://www.swa.ca/StateOfTheWatershed/Default.asp( ( Toronto(and(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2008.(Humber-River-State-of-the-Watershed-Reports-(various).( http://trca.on.ca/theRlivingRcity/watersheds/humberRriver/resources.dot(( (
Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(60(
(
Toronto(and(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2008.((Humber-River-Watershed-Plan-Implementation-Guide.(( http://trca.on.ca/theRlivingRcity/watersheds/humberRriver/resources.dot(( Toronto(and(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2008.(Humber-River-Watershed-Plan-Z-Pathways-to-a-HealthyHumber.-http://trca.on.ca/theZlivingZcity/watersheds/humberZriver/resources.dot-Toronto(and(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2007.(Listen-to-Your-River:-A-Report-Card-on-the-Health-of-theHumber-River-Watershed.(http://trca.on.ca/theRlivingRcity/watersheds/humberRriver/resources.dot(( ( Toronto(and(Region(Conservation(Authority.(2011.(The-Living-City-Report-Card.(http://trca.on.ca/theRlivingR city/watersheds/humberRriver/resources.dot(( ( Skeleton(Lake(Stewardship(Association.2007.(Skeleton(Lake(State(of(the(Watershed(Report(2007.( http://skeletonlake.com/info/Skeleton_SoW_with_App_B.pdf( ( Upper(Thames(River(Conservation(Authority.(2007.(The(2007(Upper(Thames(River(Watershed(Report(Cards.( http://www.thamesriver.on.ca/Watershed_Report_Cards/Watershed_Report_CardsR2007.htm
Handbook(on(Preparing(State(of(Watershed(Reports(in(the(Philippines(|(61(
(
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( This(handbook(is(a(product(of(the(Metro(IloiloRGuimaras(BioR region(Initiative,(a(component(of(the(International(Urban( Partnerships(Program(of(the(Canadian(Urban(Institute( (canurb.org).(Technical(expertise(on(watershed(management( was(provided(by(the(Toronto(and(Region(Conservation( Authority((trca.on.ca).(The(program(and(the(production(of(this( handbook(were(made(possible(through(a(generous(financial( contribution(from(the(Government(of(Canada.( ( ( ( Copyright:(TigumRAganan(Watershed(Management(Board(and( the(Canadian(Urban(Institute,(2013(
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