Northern Mindanao
Regional Development Plan 2011-2016
Published by the National Economic and Development Authority Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
Message
MALACAĂ‘AN PALACE Message from the President
I commend the Regional Development Councils and all stakeholders in the 17 regions for coming together to formulate your respective Regional Development Plans. May this partnership among regional and local institutions, the private sector, and civil society ensure the continued success of the programs and the distribution of their benefits throughout the country. Along with the Philippine Development Plan, the RDPs will guide our development efforts in the next five years, and will act as a common road map for our country’s development and for the establishment of the necessary infrastructure that will help us achieve our goal of increasing economic and social opportunities for our people. Guided by our commitment to the UN Millennium Development Goals, our concerted efforts will not only help accelerate economic growth, but will also give our provinces improved access to quality education, health, and social services. We came to government with a mandate to eradicate poverty and create a better future for our nation. As we carry out key reforms in the bureaucracy, we also strive to set in place an environment of sustainable and equitable progress in the coming years. Together, let us fulfill the potential of our great nation.
BENIGNO S. AQUINO III MANILA May 2011
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Message
Message from the Socioeconomic Planning Secretary
NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Pasig City The Regional Development Plans (RDPs) represent the aspirations of Filipinos in different areas of the country. As accompanying documents of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2011-2016, the RDPs also provide the spatial dimension to the national plan by identifying the regions' contributions to our goal of a high, sustained and broad-based growth. This "inclusive growth" involves rapid economic expansion that must reach population groups throughout the country through the provision of productive employment opportunities, thereby reducing poverty. The attainment of our goals requires massive investments in infrastructure, social services and other productive activities. The PDP, along with the RDPs are the key instruments that will guide the proper and equitable allocation of resources to ensure improvements in the welfare of our people. Likewise, our plans shall direct our efforts in protecting the environment, reducing climate and disaster risks, promoting good governance and ensuring peace and stability. The RDPs provide the framework for local development. We thus enjoin the local government units to align their local plans and programs with the RDPs. We likewise seek the support of regional institutions and the private institutions in the realization of the plans which many of them have helped prepare. We need to strengthen multi-stakeholder cooperation particularly as we promote public-private partnership to improve the provision of services for our people. I thank the Regional Development Councils (RDC) for spearheading the preparation of the RDPs and we count on their continued leadership in coordinating development efforts in the regions.
CAYETANO W. PADERANGA, JR. Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning
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Message
Message from the RDC Chairperson
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Region X, Cagayan de Oro City
The region is proud to craft another six-year development plan that is supportive and consistent with the national development objective of attaining inclusive growth. The Regional Development Plan (RDP, 20112016) spells out the region‘s contributions towards this development agenda. The goals and strategies are formulated given the region‘s competitive advantages, as well as the country‘s economic standing in Asia and the world at large. It aspires for everyone in the region to participate and benefit from the fruits of development. The call for mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA), and integration of Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) into our development plans is of paramount importance. This DRRCCA and human rights-based enhanced RDP is the region‘s initial step at increasing its resiliency to disasters aggravated by climate change, and in recognizing the rights of every person as a primordial consideration in development planning. The RDC as the regional machinery in ensuring the link between national and regional/local development highlights the role of the LGUs in directly serving the public while highly recognizes the private sector and the business community as the engines and sources of growth. It likewise promotes public-private partnership and nurtures the roles of other stakeholders in building a future anchored on sustainable development, gender equity and cultural preservation. As we are all owners of this plan, we are passing this to everyone who has a stake in development. The RDC-X therefore enjoins all government and private sectors and the civil society to actively implement and support the RDP as the roadmap of development in the region. Let this be our dedication and our collective response to the President‘s call, ―Together let us work for a better and corrupt-free Philippines!‖
LAWRENCE Ll. CRUZ Chairperson, RDC-X Mayor, Iligan City
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Foreword The period 2004-2010 proved the region’s resiliency amidst the global economic slowdown. Anchored on its resource-rich endowments, dynamic human capital and enabling governance, the region remains the biggest economy in Mindanao and one of the fastest growing in the country in the past six years. The formulation of the RDP is anchored on the President’s development agenda as contained in his “Social Contract with the Filipino People” which envisions “a country with an organized and widely shared rapid expansion of our economy through a government dedicated to honing and mobilizing the people’s skills and energies, as well as the responsible harnessing of our natural resources.” The plan outlines the major strategic thrusts and priorities which Region X shall pursue in the next six years (2011-2016) in its bid to become the leading industrial core and trade center in southern Philippines with dynamic men and women enjoying equal opportunities in harnessing and sustaining its agriculture and natural resources in building a decent, harmonious, and safe environment.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC and DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Region X Cagayan de Oro City Foreword
The region presents itself as the most competitive, efficient and attractive transshipment hub and venue for industrial ventures in southern Philippines. In asserting its role as the major GATEWAY, and industrial core and trade center in the South, strategic actions shall be pursued along the following areas: Good Governance and Peace and Order; Access, Logistics and Other Infrastructure Services; Trade, Industry and Tourism; Environment and Sustainable Development; Well-being and Improved Welfare; Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry; and Education and Youth Empowerment. The plan covers nine major chapters following the GATEWAY (Chapters 2-8). Chapter 1 presents the Macroeconomic Development Framework which sets the overall development agenda of the region including the major targets to be attained during the plan period. Meanwhile, Science and Technology (Chapter 9), as a crosscutting concern, is critical in attaining productivity and competitiveness of the regional economy. Our sincerest appreciation and gratitude to those who gave their significant contributions in coming up with this plan: the regional line agencies, the local government units, the academe, the private sector and non-government organizations. Likewise, to the Regional Development Office (RDO) of the NEDA Central Office for their comments and suggestions, and more importantly, to the men and women of NEDA Regional Office X for their wits and enthusiasm to produce this plan in a creative and timely passion. The challenge remains strong for us to achieve inclusive growth where everyone participates, contributes and benefits from the fruits of development. It is only through our collective action in carrying out and monitoring the progress of the plan can we bequeath a better future to the next generation.
LEON M. DACANAY, JR., CESO III Regional Director, NEDA-X Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X
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Republic of the Philippines
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Region 10 (Northern Mindanao) National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office 10, corner Capistrano-Echem Streets 9000 Cagayan de Oro City Tel. No. (8822) 723436, 722168, (088) 8561920
Telefax (8822) 728072
e-mail: nedardc10@norminet.org.ph
Website: www.norminet.org.ph
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-X Resolution No. 37 (s. 2010) APPROVING THE MEDIUM-TERM REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (MTRDP), 2011-2016 OF NORTHERN MINDANAO WHEREAS, Memorandum Circular No. 3, signed by the authority of the President directs the formulation of the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan and Public Investment Program and accompanying regional development plans; WHEREAS, for this planning cycle, “Sentro ang Tao sa Ating Plano”, is the slogan or battlecry that will be popularized; WHEREAS, the formulation of the MTRDP is anchored on the President’s development agenda as contained in his “Social Contract with the Filipino People” which envisions “a country with an organized and widely shared rapid expansion of our economy through a government dedicated to honing and mobilizing the people’s skills and energies, as well as the responsible harnessing of our natural resources.” WHEREAS, the national development agenda has twin goals of achieving inclusive growth and reducing poverty with the following objectives during the plan period: 1) attain a sustained and high economic growth that provides productive employment; 2) equalize access to development opportunities; and 3) implement effective social safety nets; WHEREAS, at the regional level, RDC Resolution No. 32, s. 2010 “Approving the guidelines and timelines for the formulation of the Northern Mindanao Medium-Term Regional Development Plan (MTRDP), 2010-2016 was passed during its August 19, 2010 meeting; WHEREAS, with the issuance of the said RDC resolution, series of planning consultations were conducted as follows: a) RDC-X SeCom meetings to validate MTRDP 2004-2009 assessment and generate inputs for the MTRDP (September 2010); b) RDC X SeCom and TWG MTRDP planning consultations/workshops (October–November 2010); c) MTRDP Regional Public Consultation (November 26, 2010) participated in by more than 100 stakeholders both from the public and private sector; WHEREAS, the newly crafted MTRDP outlines the major strategic thrusts and priorities which Region X shall pursue in the next six years in its bid to become the leading industrial core and trade center in southern Philippines with dynamic men and women enjoying equal opportunities in harnessing and sustaining its agriculture and natural resources in building a decent, harmonious, and safe environment.
RDC-X Resolution No.37 s. 2010
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BE IT RESOLVED, AS IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED, on motion duly seconded to approve the MTRDP, 2011-2016; RESOLVED FURTHER, that the RDC-X enjoins all development stakeholders, including the government and private sectors, and the civil society to implement and support the MTRDP as the roadmap of development in the region; RESOLVED FINALLY, that copies of this resolution and the MTRDP (final form) be furnished to the NEDA Central Office, the RDC-X members and other concerned parties for their adoption, appropriate action and guidance. Approved, 9 December 2010 87th RDC-X Full Council Meeting Marco Hotel, Cugman, Cagayan de Oro City -o0oCertified correct:
ALAN L. OLAVIDES Secretary, RDC-X OIC-Assistant Regional Director, NEDA-X
Approved:
LEON M. DACANAY, JR., CESO III Vice-Chairperson, Regional Development Council (RDC-X) Regional Director, NEDA-X (Presiding Officer)
RDC-X Resolution No.37 s. 2010
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
4Ps
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
BOMB
Budget Operations Manual for Barangays
ACT
Action for Conflict Transformation
CAC
A&E
Accreditation and Equivalency
Competency Assessment and Certification
AAGR
Annual Average Growth Rate
CADT
ADB
Asian Development Bank
Certificates of Ancestral Domain Title
ADSDPP
Ancestral Domains Sustainable Development and Protection Plan
CALT
Certificates of Ancestral Land Title
AEPEP
Annual Environment Protection and Enhancement Program
CARP
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
AFP
Armed Forces of the Philippines
CBFM
Community Based Forest Management
AFTA
ASEAN Free Trade Area
CBMS
ALS
Alternative Learning System
Community Based Management System
ARBs
Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
CDA
ARCs
Agrarian Reform Communities
Cooperative Development Authority
AROGA
Association of Resident Ombudsman in Government Agencies
CDO
Cagayan de Oro City
CDP
Comprehensive Development Plan
ARTA
Anti-Red Tape Act
CDS
Corridor Development Strategy
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian Nation
CENRO
Community Environment and Natural Resource Officer
ASM
Advocacy and Social Mobilization
CEO
Career Executive Officer
ASTI
Advance Science and Technology Institute
CFC-GK
Couples for Christ–Gawad Kalinga
AusAID
Australian Agency for International Development
CHDNM
Center for Health Development in Northern Mindanao
BDCC
Barangay Disaster Coordinating Council
CHEd
Commission on Higher Education
CHR
Commission on Human Rights
BFAR
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
CIC
Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Corridor
BFAD
Bureau of Food and Drugs
CIDSS
Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services
BFP
Bureau of Fire Protection
CIPs
Communal Irrigation Projects
BLGF
Bureau of Local Government Finance
CIS
Communal Irrigation System
BLP
Basic Literacy Program
CLASP
Community Land Acquisition Support Program
BnB
Botika ng Barangay
CLOA
BNR
Business Name Registration
Certificate of Land Ownership Award
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
viii
CLUP
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
DOTS
Directly Observed Treatment Short Courses
CMP
Community Mortgage Program
CMTS
Cellular Mobile Telecommunication Service
DPWH
Department of Public Works and Highways
CNC
Certificate of Non-Coverage
DRR/CCA
COA
Commission on Audit
Disaster Risk Reduction/ Climate Change Adaptation
COD
Center of Development
DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
CODI
Committee on Decorum and Investigation
DSWD
Department of Social Welfare and Development
COE
Center of Excellence
DTI
Department of Trade and Industry
CPR
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
EAB
Equitable Access and Benefits
CRM
Coastal Resource Management
ECA
Environmental Critical Area
CSC
Civil Service Commission
ECC
CSCAAP
Civil Service Commission Agency Accreditation Program
Environmental Compliance Certificate
EDCF
CSE
Crime Solution Efficiency
Economic Development Corporation Fund
CSNs
Children with Special Needs
EFA
Education for All
CSO
Civil Society Organization
EHLP
Expanded Housing Loan Program
CSR
Cohort Survival Rate
EIA
CTNI
Claveria Tree Nursery Improvement
Environmental Impact Assessment
ELA
Executive Legislative Agenda
DA
Department of Agriculture
EMB
DAR
Department of Agrarian Reform
Environmental Management Bureau
DBM
Department of Budget and Management
E-NGAS
Electronic New Government Accounting System
DBP
Development Bank of the Philippines
EPEP
Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program
DENR
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
EPIRA
Electric Power Industry Reform Act
DILG
Department of Interior and Local Government
EPP
Export Pathways Program
EI
Emotional Intelligence
DOH
Department of Health
ERDS
DOJ
Department of Justice
Economic Rural Development Society
DOLE
Department of Labor and Employment
ERPAT
Empowerment and Reaffirmation of Paternal Abilities
DOST
Department of Science and Technology
E-SRE
Electronic Statement of Receipts and Expenditures
DOT
Department of Tourism
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ETEEAP
Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program
HDMF
Home Development Mutual Fund
HE
Higher Education
HEIs
Higher Education Institutions
HLURB
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
HRBA
Human Rights Based Approach
HRH
Human Resources for Health
HUDCC
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
HVCC
High Value Commercial Crops
HWG
Hazardous Waste Generators
IACPSP
Integrated Area Community Public Safety Plan
ICCs
Indigenous Cultural Communities
ICM
Integrated Coastal Management
ICSG
Industry Cluster Support Group
ICT
Information Communication Technology
EWP
Environmental Waste Program
FIDA
Fiber Industry Development Authority
FLW
Fuel, Light and Water
FMR
Financial Management Regulation
FMR
Farm-to-Market Roads
FMRDP
Final Mine Rehabilitation and Development Plan
FPA
Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority
FPP
Family Planning Program
FSP
Food for School Program
FTE
Full-time Equivalent
GAD
Gender and Development
GAP
Good Agricultural Practices
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
IDP
Internally Displaced Persons
GIS
Geographic Information System
IEC
GMAC
Gabay sa Mamamayan Action Center
Information Education and Communication
IHKP
GOCCs
Government Owned and Controlled Corporation
Indigenous Health Knowledge Practice
IIS
Integrated Information System
GPRA
Government Procurement Reform Act
IKSP
Indigenous Knowledge System and Practice
GRDP
Gross Regional Domestic Product
InfRES
GREET
Grassroots Enterprises and Employment in Tourism
Infrastructure for Rural Enhancement Sector
IPCC
Government of the Republic of the Philippines-Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Mindanao
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPs
Indigenous Peoples
IQuAME
GSIS
Government Service Insurance System
Institutional Monitoring and Evaluation for Quality Assurance
IRA
Internal Revenue Allotment
GVA
Gross Value Added
ISO
HCP
Health Care Providers
International Standard Organization
HDI
Human Development Index
IVAS
Investigation Verification and Approval of Survey
HDM
Highway Development Management
GRP-RPMM
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
JBIC
Japan Bank for International Cooperation
MDG
Millennium Development Goals
MES
Modularized Education System
JMC
Joint Memorandum Circular
MGB
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
KALAHI
Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan
MHC
Municipal Health Center
KBP
Kalayaan Barangays Program
MICE
LBP
Land Bank of the Philippines
Meetings Incentives Convention and Exhibition
LBW
Low Birth Weight
MILF
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
LCE
Local Chief Executive
MinDA
Mindanao Development Authority
LDN
Lanao del Norte
MISS
LDRRMC
Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council
Malaybalay Integrated Survey System
MLE
Multi-lingual Education
MMR
Maternal Mortality Rate
MNCIADP
Mindanao North Coast Integrated Area Development Program
LEAD
Livelihood Enhancement and Agricultural Development
LEP
Ladderized Education Program
LGA
Local Government Academy
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
LGC
Local Government Code
MOEP
Mineral Ore Export Permit
LGPMS
Local Government Performance Management System
MPS
Mean Percentage Scores
MRDP
Mindanao Rural Development Program
LGU
Local Government Unit
LHB
Local Housing Board
MRF
Materials Recovery Facilities
LMIS
Labor Market Information System
MSME
LPMC
Local Project Monitoring Committee
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise
MSP
Merit Selection Plan
LRA
Land Registration Authority
MSU-IIT
LSB
Local School Board
Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology
LTAP
Land Tenurial Assistance Program
MUST
Mindanao University of Science and Technology
LTI
Land Tenure Improvement
NAPC
National Anti-Poverty Commission
LTIA
Lupong Tagapamayapa Incentive Award
NAPOLCOM
National Police Commission
NAT
National Achievement Test
Land Tenure ImprovementProject Beneficiaries Development
NBI
National Bureau of Investigation
NCAA
National Collegiate Athletic Association
LTO
Land Transportation Office
NCC
National Computer Center
LWUA
Local Water Utilities Administration
NCIP
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
NCMF
MCP
Maternity Care Package
National Commission on Muslim Filipinos
MCT
Mindanao Container Terminal
NCR
National Capital Region
LTI-PBD
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
NDA
National Dairy Authority
OPIF
NDHS
National Demographic Health Survey
Organizational Performance Indicator Framework
OPT
Operation Timbang
OSCA
Office for Senior Citizens Affairs
OSHC
Occupational Safety and Health Center
OSY
Out of School Youth
OSYDP
Out-of-School Youth Development Program
NEDA
National Economic and Development Authority
NFP
Natural Family Planning
NGO/PO
Non-government Organization/ People’s Organization
NHA
National Housing Authority
NHTS-PR
National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction
OTOP
One Town One Product
OTP
Ore Transport Permit
NIPAS
National Integrated Protected Areas System
OWWA
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
NIS
National Irrigation System
PACD
NISGP
National Integration Study Grant Program
Public Assistance and Complaints Desk
PAGASA
NMIS
National Meat Inspection Service
NNC
National Nutrition Council
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
NorMinCoHRD
Northern Mindanao Consortium for Health Research and Development
PAMANA
Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan
PAWCZMS
Protected Areas, Wildlife and Coastal Zone Management Service
NOVs
Notice of Violations
NSCB
National Statistical Coordination Board
PBD
NSLE
National Summit on Labor and Employment
Program Beneficiaries Development
PCC
Philippine Carabao Center
NSO
National Statistics Office
PCUP
NSSP
National Sustainable Sanitation Program
Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor
PDAO
NTP
National Tuberculosis Program
Persons with Disability Affairs Office
NYC
National Youth Commission
PDC
Peace and Development Communities
NZAID
New Zealand Agency For International Development
PDCC
Provincial Disaster Coordinating Council
OBO
Overseas Buildings Operations
PDEA
OCD
Office of Civil Defense
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
ODA
Official Development Assistance
PDS
Polycentric Development Strategy
OFWs
Overseas Filipino Workers
PENRO
OPDES
Office of Public Defense Services
Provincial Environment and Natural Resource Officer
OPES
Office Performance Evaluation System
PES
Payments for Environmental Services
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
PESFA
Private Education Student Financial Assistance
PPMD
Public-Private Mixed DOTS
PPP
Public and Private Partnership
PESO
Public Employment Service Office
PR
Participation Rate
PETCs
Private Emission Testing Centers
PRC
PEZA
Philippine Economic Zone Authority
Professional Regulation Commission
PRMF
Pangulong Gloria Scholarships/ President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Provincial Road and Management Facility
PSAE
Poverty Small Area Estimates
PHDR
Philippine Human Development Report
PWDs
Persons with Disabilities
PYA
Pag-Asa Youth Association
PhilCAT
Philippine Coalition Against Tuberculosis
RA
Republic Act
RDC
Regional Development Council
PGS/PGMA
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PhilHealth
Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
RDCC
Regional Disaster and Coordinating Council
PHIVIDEC
Philippine Veterans Industrial Development Corporation
RDP
Regional Development Plan
RDRRMC
PHIVOLCS
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Regional Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
REB
Reaching Every Barangay
RECs
Regional Ecology Centers
REMM
Results, Evaluation, and Monitoring Matrix
RHU
Rural Health Unit
RLGRC
Regional Local Governance Resource Center
RLUC
Regional Land Use Committee
RP
Responsible Parenting
RPFP
Regional Physical Framework Plan
RPMES
Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System
RPOC
Recruit Petty Officer In Charge
RRCY
Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth
RSCC
Reception and Study Center for Children
RSET
Regional Social Economic Trends
RSTL
Regional Standard and Testing Laboratories
RTC
Regional Tourism Council
PICE
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers
PLPEM
Provincial and Local Planning and Expenditure Management
PMS-OPES
Performance Management System-Office Performance Evaluation System
PMT
Proxy Means Test
PNP
Philippine National Police
PNQF
Philippine National Qualification Framework
PNVSCA
Philippine National Volunteer Service Coordinating Agency
PO
People’s Organization
POC
Peace and Order Council
POPCOM
Population Commission
PopDev
Population & Development Program
PPA
Philippine Ports Authority
PPAN
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
Acronyms and Abbreviations
RTESD
Regional Technical Education and Skills Development Committee
SUCs
State Universities and Colleges
TBDOTS
Tuberculosis Directly Observed Treatment Short Courses
RTIPC
Regional Tripartite Industrial Peace Council
TBI
Technology Business Incubation
SDC
Spatial Development Cluster
TESDA
SDMP
Social Development and Management Program
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
THQ
Teens Healthquarters
SEA-K
Self-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran
TR
Training Regulation
SEF
Special Education Fund
TVET
Technical Vocational Education and Training
SET-UP
Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading
TVIs
Technical-Vocational Institutions
SHFC
Social Housing Finance Corporation
TWSP
Training for Work Scholarship Program
SK
Sangguniang Kabataan
UBOM
Updated Budget Operations Manual
SLF
Sanitary Land Fill
UDHA
SLGPR
State of Local Governance Performance Report
Urban Development and Housing Act
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNGPID
United Nation Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement
SNAP
Strategic National Action Plan
SP
Special Program
SPED
Special Education Program
SRES
Special Report on Emission Scenarios
WCCD
Women and Children Concern Desk
SEGEAP
Selected Ethnic Group Educational Assistance Program
WQMA
Water Quality Management Area
YAFSS
Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study
Y4SC
Youth Profiling for Starring Career
SSP-IEP SSS
State Scholarship Program for Indigenous People Social Security System
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
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Table of Contents Table of Contents Message from the President .................................................................................................................................... i Message from the Socioeconomic Planning Secretary ........................................................................................... ii Message from the RDC Chairperson ...................................................................................................................... iii Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................. iv RDC Resolution Approving the RDP 2011-2016.................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................vii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................... xv List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................................... xx List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ xxi List of Maps ........................................................................................................................................................... xxi
Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Development Framework
1
I. II. III.
ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION ............................................................................................................. 1 POPULATION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 REGIONAL ECONOMY ............................................................................................................................ 1 Economic Performance ................................................................................................................................... 1 Poverty Incidence, Family Income and Income Inequity ................................................................................ 5 Labor Force and Employment ......................................................................................................................... 9 Progress towards the MDGs ........................................................................................................................ 10 Vulnerability of Region X to Disasters .......................................................................................................... 12 Number of Natural Disasters .................................................................................................................. 12 Affected Families/Persons ..................................................................................................................... 13 Economic Damage .................................................................................................................................. 14 IV. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES ................................................................................................................ 15 V. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................. 15 VI. GUIDING PRINCIPLES ......................................................................................................................... 16 VII. DEVELOPMENT AGENDA..................................................................................................................... 16 National Development Agenda .................................................................................................................... 16 Regional Development Vision and Agenda.................................................................................................. 16 VIII. SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS.................................................................................................. 17 Spatial Development Clusters (SDCs) ......................................................................................................... 17 SDC 1: Realizing the Cagayan-Iligan Industrial and Trade Corridor ....................................................... 17 SDC2: Capitalizing on the Agri-Fishery and Eco-Cultural Tourism Endowments of Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental................................................................................................................... 17 SDC3: Boosting Agri-business Ventures and Eco-Tourism in Bukidnon................................................. 17 SDC4: Harnessing the Gingoog-Camiguin Tourism Adventure Loop ...................................................... 21 IX. DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................. 21 X. MACROECONOMIC TARGETS .............................................................................................................. 22 Economic Growth ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Poverty Reduction ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Family Income and Savings ......................................................................................................................... 23 Employment ................................................................................................................................................. 23 Managing Population Growth ...................................................................................................................... 23
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Chapter 2: Good Governance and Peace and Order I.
II.
III.
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES ........................................................................................................ 25 Good Governance .........................................................................................................................................25 Functionality and Effectiveness of Government Structures, Procedures, and Frontline Services .........25 Professionalizing the Civil Service ...........................................................................................................26 Improving Government Discipline, Efficiency and Equity in Managing Resources ................................. 26 Development Finance.............................................................................................................................. 27 Gender and Development Mainstreaming .............................................................................................. 31 Disaster Preparedness and Response ....................................................................................................32 Peace and Order and Public Safety ..............................................................................................................33 Crime Management ................................................................................................................................. 34 Pursuit for Lasting Peace ........................................................................................................................35 Disposition of Justice ............................................................................................................................... 36 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................... 37 Governance ...................................................................................................................................................37 Improve government procedures and develop human resource to reduce occasions for corruption and bring violators to justice ............................................................................................................37 Strengthen democratic processes thru continuing education, inclusive participation, cooperativism, and volunteerism .......................................................................................................................37 Ensure mainstreaming of the following in various development planning processes: Gender and Development, Population and Development, Human Rights Based Approach, Disaster Risk Reduction/Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development Concepts ...................38 Improve taxation and fiscal management ............................................................................................... 38 Improve local investment programming through the PLPEM guidelines and the Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 2007 on the Guidelines on the Harmonization of Local Planning, Investment Programming, Revenue Administration, Budgeting and Expenditure Management ...............39 Improve the effectiveness and targeting of social safety nets ............................................................... 39 Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) ...............................................................................39 Peace and Order and Public Safety ..............................................................................................................40 Basic services and economic reconstruction ..........................................................................................40 Security sector reform ............................................................................................................................. 41 Good Governance ....................................................................................................................................42 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ................................................................................ 43
Chapter 3: Access, Logistics, and Other Infrastructure Services I.
II. III.
xvi
25
59
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES ........................................................................................................ 59 Transportation ..............................................................................................................................................59 Power and Electrification .............................................................................................................................. 60 Communications ...........................................................................................................................................62 Water Resources Development ....................................................................................................................63 Social Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................65 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................... 65 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ................................................................................ 67
Contents
Chapter 4: Trade, Industry and Tourism I.
II.
III.
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES........................................................................................................ 79 Investments and Entrepreneurship Development ...................................................................................... 79 Exports Development and Promotion .......................................................................................................... 80 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................... 83 Investments and Entrepreneurship Development ...................................................................................... 84 Investments Promotion and Facilitation ................................................................................................. 84 Enhancing the Operations of MSMEs ..................................................................................................... 84 Supporting the Growth of Priority Industries .......................................................................................... 86 Improving the operational environment for MSMEs .............................................................................. 86 Exports Development and Promotion .......................................................................................................... 86 Tourism Development .................................................................................................................................. 87 Strengthen the tourism hub concept...................................................................................................... 87 Entice private sector investments in tourism-related facilities and activities ........................................ 88 Reinforce licensing and accreditation of tourism facilities and services groups ................................... 88 Ensure quality service providers in the Laguindingan Airport ................................................................ 88 Pursue collaborative partnerships in planning and promoting tourism investments and destinations 88 Promote affordable and standard tourism complementary products and services .............................. 88 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ............................................................................... 90
Chapter 5: Environment and Sustainable Development I.
II. III.
IV.
103
ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE ..................................................................................................... 103 Forest Resources Management ................................................................................................................ 103 Forestland Vegetative Cover and Protected Areas ............................................................................... 103 Watershed Management ........................................................................................................................... 103 Land Management ..................................................................................................................................... 104 Ecological Solid Waste and Air Quality Management ................................................................................ 104 Freshwater, Marine, and Coastal Waters .................................................................................................. 104 Mineral Development and Geohazard Mapping ........................................................................................ 105 CHALLENGES ................................................................................................................................... 105 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 111 Forest/Upland Ecosystem ......................................................................................................................... 111 Agriculture/Lowland Ecosystem ................................................................................................................ 112 Urban Ecosystem ....................................................................................................................................... 112 Freshwater, Coastal and Marine Ecosystem ............................................................................................. 113 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................. 113 Minerals/Mining Development .................................................................................................................. 114 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System ...................................................................................... 114 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ............................................................................. 115
Chapter 6: Well-being and Improved Welfare I.
79
129
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES...................................................................................................... 129 Health and Nutrition .................................................................................................................................. 129 Housing ...................................................................................................................................................... 131 Housing Affordability and Delivery ........................................................................................................ 131
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
II.
Sustainable Communities .................................................................................................................... 132 Social Protection ................................................................................................................................... 133 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................134 Health and Nutrition .................................................................................................................................. 135 Housing ...................................................................................................................................................... 136 Housing Affordability and Security of Tenure ....................................................................................... 137 Sustainable Communities .................................................................................................................... 137 Legislative and Research Agenda ........................................................................................................ 137 Social Protection ........................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter 7: Agriculture and Fishery I.
II.
III.
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES ......................................................................................................161 Crops Development ................................................................................................................................... 162 Rice……… .............................................................................................................................................. 162 Corn……. ........................................................................................................................................ ………163 Fruits and Vegetables ........................................................................................................................... 163 Industrial Crops .................................................................................................................................... 163 Livestock and Poultry Development .......................................................................................................... 164 Fishery Development ................................................................................................................................. 165 Irrigation and Other Infrastructure Support ............................................................................................... 165 Agricultural Livelihood Projects ................................................................................................................. 165 Agrarian Reform ......................................................................................................................................... 166 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................167 Crops Development ................................................................................................................................... 169 Livestock and Poultry Development .......................................................................................................... 169 Fishery Development ................................................................................................................................. 170 Irrigation and Other Infrastructure Support ............................................................................................... 170 Agricultural Livelihood Projects ................................................................................................................. 170 Agrarian Reform ......................................................................................................................................... 170 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ..............................................................................172
Chapter 8: Education and Youth Empowerment I.
II.
xviii
161
179
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES ......................................................................................................179 Early Childhood and Basic Education ........................................................................................................ 179 Access and Equity ................................................................................................................................. 179 Efficiency .............................................................................................................................................. 180 Quality……….. .................................................................................... …….…………………………………………181 Technical Vocational Education and Training ........................................................................................... 182 Higher Education ....................................................................................................................................... 183 Quality and Excellence.......................................................................................................................... 183 Relevance and Responsiveness........................................................................................................... 184 Access and Equity ................................................................................................................................. 184 Efficiency and Effectiveness ................................................................................................................. 185 Youth Empowerment ................................................................................................................................. 185 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................186 Basic Education ......................................................................................................................................... 186
Contents
III.
Access and Equity ................................................................................................................................. 187 Efficiency ............................................................................................................................................... 187 Quality…… ............................................................................................................................................. 187 Technical Vocational Education and Training ............................................................................................ 188 Higher Education ....................................................................................................................................... 190 Quality and Excellence .......................................................................................................................... 190 Relevance and Responsiveness ........................................................................................................... 191 Access and Equity ................................................................................................................................. 191 Efficiency and Effectiveness ................................................................................................................. 191 Youth Empowerment ................................................................................................................................. 191 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ............................................................................. 192
Chapter 9: Science and Technology I.
II. III.
209
ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES...................................................................................................... 209 Inadequate S&T Human Resource Capability Building ............................................................................. 210 Underinvestment in R&D and Underutilization of Its funds ...................................................................... 210 Low Share in the Number of Internationally Recognized Research Publications ..................................... 211 Slow Adoption of Commercially-Ready Technologies ................................................................................ 211 The Need to Address Concerns on Improving Competitiveness and Resiliency of the Regional Economy in the Face of Globalization and Climate Change .................................................................................... 211 The Need to Establish S&T Infrastructure and Facilities ........................................................................... 211 The Need to Widen Dissemination of and Popularize S&T Knowledge and Information .......................... 212 STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 212 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ............................................................................. 214
Annex 1: Key Employment Generators (KEGs)
219
Annex 2: State Universities and Colleges
220
I.
II.
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 220 Quality and Excellence .......................................................................................................................... 220 Relevance and Responsiveness ........................................................................................................... 220 Access and Equity ................................................................................................................................. 220 Efficiency and Effectiveness ................................................................................................................. 220 RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX ............................................................................. 221
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
List of Tables
List of Tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17. Table 18. Table 19. Table 20. Table 21. Table 22. Table 23. Table 24. Table 25. Table 26. Table 27. Table 28. Table 29. Table 30. Table 31.
xx
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 2004 to 2009 Level and Average Annual Growth Rate, At Constant Prices: 1985=100; (Value in Billion Pesos) ..................... 2 GRDP (at Constant Prices, 1985=100) Growth Targets and Actual by Industry Group, Region X: 2004-2009 (in percent)......................................................................... 2 Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence Among Families and Magnitude of Poor Families, by Province, Region X: 2006 and 2009 ................................................. 5 Annual Per Capita Food Threshold, Subsistence Incidence Among Families and Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families, by Province, Region X: 2006 and 2009 ........................... 7 Comparative Average Annual Family Income Mindanao Regions: 2000, 2003 & 2006 (in Pesos) ........................................................................... 7 Average Annual Family Savings Mindanao Regions: 2000, 2003 & 2006 ........................................ 8 Gini Coefficients Philippines and Mindanao Regions: 2003 & 2006 ................................................ 8 Labor Force and Employment Region X: October 2005-2009 ........................................................... 9 Pace of Progress in terms of Attaining the MDG Targets, Region X ..................................................10 Number of Affected Families and Persons by Type of Natural Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009 ..........................................................................13 Number of Lives Lost by Type of Natural Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009...................................... 14 Estimated Cost of Damage by Type of Natural Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009 ............................. 14 Economic Growth Targets Region X, 2010-2016 (in percent) ........................................................... 22 Poverty Reduction Targets Region X: 2015 (in percent) ....................................................................23 Summary of Internal Revenue Collections by Type of Tax Region X: 2004-2009 (in million pesos) ....................................................................27 Customs Collections Performance Region X: 2004-2009 (in million pesos) ...................................28 Share of IRA and Income from Local Sources to Total LGU Income Region X: 2004-2009 ......................................................................................28 Total LGU Income from Local Sources Region X: 2004-2009 (in thousand pesos) ..........................28 Selected Data on Cooperatives Region X: 2004-2006 & 2008 .......................................................29 Crime Statistics Region X : 2004-2008 ............................................................................................. 34 Early Recovery and Rehabilitation Projects for Internally Displaced Persons (as of May 2010) ................................................................................36 Roads and Bridges Length Inventory Region X: As of 31 December 2009 (In kilometers) ..........................................................................................59 Tourist Arrivals Region X: 2004-2009 ............................................................................................... 81 Issues and Challenges Confronting Region X Tourism Hubs ............................................................. 83 Priority Investment Areas Region X ....................................................................................................89 Targets on Investment Levels, MSMEs Developed and Assisted, and Value of Exports and Tourist Arrivals Region X, 2011-2016 ............................................................. 89 Projected Global Average Surface Warming and Sea Level Rise at the End of the 21st Century by SRES Scenarios ........................................................................ 109 Estimated Risks in the Philippines Due to Temperature Increase and Rainfall Changes and Tropical Cyclones in 2020 ........................................................................... 110 Estimated Risks in the Philippines Due to Temperature Increase and Rainfall Changes in 2050 ............................................................................................................... 110 Health Indicators vs. Targets Region X: 2004-2009 ..................................................................... 129 Targets and Accomplishments on Housing Production January 2004 – June 2010 .................... 132
Contents
Table 32. Table 33. Table 34. Table 35. Table 36. Table 37. Table 38. Table 39. Table 40. Table 41.
Targets of Vital Health and Nutrition Indicators .............................................................................. 136 Projected Housing Needs by Province and Key City........................................................................ 137 Agricultural Production, Region X: 2004-2009 (in thousand metric tons) ..................................... 161 Value of Agricultural Production Region X: 2004-2009 (in million Pesos) .................................... 162 Gap Between Region X Productivity and the Potential Productivity based on ASEAN Countries ............................................................................................................. 162 Land Tenure Improvement (CARP) Region X: 2004-2009 .............................................................. 166 Agrarian Justice Delivery (CARP) Region X: 2004 - 2009 ............................................................... 167 Status of Organization in the ARCs Region X, As of June 2009 ..................................................... 167 Agriculture and Fishery Targets Region X: 2011-2016 .................................................................. 171 Basic Education Targets Region X: SY 2011-2012 to SY 2015-2016 ........................................... 188 List of Figures
List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12.
GRDP Share by Industry Group Region X: 2004-2009 ........................................................................ 2 Human Development Index by Province, Region X: 2003 & 2006 .................................................... 8 Number of Natural Disaster Events by Type Region X: 2004–2009 ............................................... 13 Distribution of Estimated Cost of Damage by Type of Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009 ................ 14 RDP, 2011-2016 Framework of Northern Mindanao ....................................................................... 21 LGU Income by Source (Target and Actual) Region X: 2004-2009 (in pesos) ................................ 29 Container Traffic (in TEUs) Mindanao Container Terminal, PHIVIDEC .............................................. 60 Distribution and Classification of Airports ......................................................................................... 60 Level of Irrigation Development Region X: As of December 2009 .................................................. 63 Proportion of Households By level of Water Supply Region 10, 2008 .......................................... 63 Number of Classrooms Constructed Region X: 2004-2009 ............................................................. 65 Convergence Framework for Poverty Reduction ............................................................................ 138 List of Maps
List of Maps Map 1. Map 2. Map 3. Map 4. Map 5. Map 6. Map 7. Map 8. Map 9. Map 10. Map 11. Map 12. Map 13. Map 14.
Population Distribution, 2007 .............................................................................................................. 3 Population Density, 2007..................................................................................................................... 4 Poverty Incidence, 2003 ...................................................................................................................... 6 Polycentric Development Strategy .................................................................................................... 18 Corridor Development Strategy ......................................................................................................... 19 Strategic Development Clusters ........................................................................................................ 20 Income Classification by Municipality, 2008 .................................................................................... 30 Power and Transmission Lines .......................................................................................................... 61 Households with Access to Potable Water ........................................................................................ 64 Tourism Hubs and Ecotourism Sites ................................................................................................. 82 Economic Zones ................................................................................................................................ 85 Potential Geohazard Types and Distribution in Region 10 ............................................................. 106 Biodiversity ...................................................................................................................................... 107 Strategic Agricultural and Fishery Development Zones .................................................................. 168
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
xxii
Chapter 1: Macroeconomic Development Framework I. ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION Northern Mindanao (Region X) comprises the five provinces of Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental. It has two highly urbanized cities (Cagayan de Oro and Iligan) and six component cities (Gingoog, Malaybalay, Valencia, Ozamiz, Oroquieta and Tangub). It has a total of 85 municipalities and 2,022 barangays with 13 congressional districts.
II. POPULATION As of 2007 Census, the total population in the region reached 3,952,437, which is about 18.3 and 4.5 percent that of Mindanao and the Philippines, respectively. Over the past Censal years, the region posted a downtrend in population growth, except for Lanao del Norte and the cities of Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Malaybalay, and Tangub. The 1.67 percent average annual growth rate (AAGR) between 2000 and 2007 is the second lowest in Mindanao, next to the Caraga region. With a constant AAGR, the region is projected to double its population in 41 years. Over the planning period, the region‘s total population could reach over 4.2 million in 2011 and over 4.5 million in 2016.
III. REGIONAL ECONOMY Economic Performance Northern Mindanao is the biggest regional economy in Mindanao. In the previous plan period, its share to the island‘s gross regional domestic product (GRDP) increased from 27.2 percent in 2004 to 28.1 percent in 2009. The region maintained a higher GRDP annual growth rate than that of Mindanao regions and the country‘s average. The region‘s growth rate was well within the target except for 2009 which was the height of the global financial crisis when its GRDP growth was overtaken by Regions IX and XI. With a GRDP of PhP73.207 billion in 2009 (at constant 1985 prices), the region has the third highest per capita GRDP nationwide, next to the NCR and CAR. While the region is experiencing a gradual economic transformation from a traditionally agricultureled to being more of a services and industry-oriented economy, during the times of economic crisis, it is the agriculture sector which provides the needed growth. In 2008, when the national domestic economy grew by only 3.7 percent, the region‘s GRDP grew by 5.2 percent, the highest in the country, courtesy of the 3.1 percentage points contribution by the agriculture sector as the industry and services sectors provided only 1.3 and 0.8 percentage points, respectively. In the following year, realizing a growth of only 2.9 percent, the agriculture sector again provided the biggest source of growth with 1.3 percentage points while the industry and service sectors contributed 0.9 and 0.6 percentage points, respectively. Thus, during the crisis years, the agriculture sector gained in terms of relative contribution to GRDP. While the services sector was still the biggest contributor with a share of 38 percent, the agriculture sector dislodged the industry sector gaining 1.2 percentage points over the period while the latter declined by 0.6 percentage points.
1
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Table 1. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), 2004 to 2009 Level and Average Annual Growth Rate, At Constant Prices: 1985=100; (Value in Billion Pesos) Area Philippines (GDP) Mindanao Region IX Region X Region XI Region XII Caraga ARMM Rest of the Philippines
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
AAGR (%)
1,152.17
1,209.47
1,276.87
1,366.50
1,417.09
1,432.12
4.45
205.50 29.90 56.00 53.19 40.94 14.98 10.48 946.67
214.30 32.05 58.14 55.84 41.87 15.51 10.89 995.18
225.72 32.67 62.65 57.86 44.73 16.52 11.29 1,051.16
241.82 35.05 67.60 61.68 47.72 17.92 11.9 1,124.67
251.29 35.76 71.13 63.93 49.9 18.47 12.1 1,165.80
260.71 38.2 73.21 67.37 50.56 18.96 12.41 1,171.41
4.87 5.02 5.4 4.84 4.31 4.82 3.44 4.35
Source: NSCB-X
Figure 1. GRDP Share by Industry Group Region X: 2004-2009
Source: NSCB-X
‌ during the times of economic crisis, it is the agriculture sector which provides the needed growth.
Table 2. GRDP (at Constant Prices, 1985=100) Growth Targets and Actual by Industry Group, Region X: 2004-2009 (in percent) Industry 20042005Group 2005 2006 AGRI, FORESTRY, FISHERY Target 4.5 4.5 Actual 4.4 5.6 INDUSTRY Target 6.4 6.8 Actual 2.0 7.3 SERVICES Target 6.5 6.9 Actual 6.3 7.7 GRDP Target 5.9 6.1 Actual 4.4 6.9 Source: NSCB-X
2
20062007
20072008
20082009
AAGR (%)
4.6 6.3
6.8 10.5
6.8 4.2
5.4 6.2
6.9 8.6
6.9 4.1
6.9 3.1
6.8 5.0
7.0 8.1
7.1 2.1
7.3 1.7
7.0 5.2
6.2 7.7
6.9 5.2
7 2.9
6.4 5.4
Macroeconomic Development Framework
Poverty Incidence, Family Income and Income Inequity Despite the high economic growth realized over the immediate past period, poverty incidence is still high in the region. Efforts in combating poverty fell short of plan targets. While Northern Mindanao was among the eight regions which posted an increase in its poverty incidence among families between 2006 and 2009, the increase from 32.7 percent in 2006 to 32.8 percent in 2009 was the lowest. With a continually growing population, the number of poor families increased by 17,793 in 2009. Moreover, while the subsistence incidence among families declined between 2006 (16.3%) and 2009 (15.6%), the actual number of food-poor families increased by almost 3,000. Among the provinces, Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon registered decreases in poverty incidence, the former showing the bigger improvement of 6,224 families escaping the poverty line. The overall trends in poverty incidence and magnitude indicate the need for more effective, intensified, and targeted poverty reduction efforts. Table 3. Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence Among Families and Magnitude of Poor Families, by Province, Region X: 2006 and 2009 Region/ Province
Philippines
Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold (In Pesos)
Poverty Incidence Among Families (%)
2006
2009
Inc/ Dec
20.9
Inc/ Dec -0.2
3,670,791
3,855,730
184,939
31.5
32.5
1
1,264,133
1,374,205
110,072
2006
2009
2006
2009
13,348
16,841
21.1
Mindanao
Magnitude of Poor Families
Clustering of Provinces* 2006
2009
Region X
12,987
16,568
32.7
32.8
0.1
257,640
275,433
17,793
Bukidnon
12,711
16,297
31.3
33.0
1.7
72,969
70,072
-2,897
2
2
Camiguin
14,157
18,150
37.8
36.4
-1.4
6,366
8,793
2,427
1
2
Lanao del Norte
12,373
15,939
34.3
39.0
4.7
56,429
69,237
12,808
2
1
Misamis Occidental
12,091
15,588
38.2
36.9
-1.3
42,413
54,092
11,679
1
2
Misamis Oriental 14,088 18,073 30.2 26.3 -3.9 * where cluster 1 indicates the bottom (poor) cluster of provinces Source: NSCB
79,463
73,239
-6,224
2
3
The average annual income of families in the region increased annually by 9.2 percent from CY 2003 to 2006. Over the six-year period 2000-2006, family income grew annually by 4.3 percent. In 2006, the average annual income of families in Northern Mindanao at PhP141,733 although lower than the national average, was the highest among Mindanao regions.
5
Macroeconomic Development Framework
Table 4. Annual Per Capita Food Threshold, Subsistence Incidence Among Families and Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families, by Province, Region X: 2006 and 2009 Annual Per Capita Food Threshold (In Pesos)
Province
Philippines
Subsistence Incidence Among Families (%)
Magnitude of Subsistence Poor Families
2006
2009
2006
2009
Inc/Dec
2006
2009
Inc/Dec
% Change
9,257
11,686
8.7
7.9
-0.8
1,511,579
1,453,843
(57,736)
-3.82
14.1
13.8
-0.3
565,257
582,961
17,704
3.13
-0.7
128,513
131,304
2,791
2.17
Mindanao Region X
9,080
11,543
16.3
15.6
Bukidnon
8,889
11,365
14.5
15.6
1.1
33,772
33,090
(682)
-2.02
Camiguin
9,926
12,682
17.5
9.2
-8.3
2,948
2,221
(727)
-24.66
Lanao del Norte
8,635
11,096
18
18.4
0.4
29,493
32,687
3,194
10.83
Misamis Occidental
8,430
10,887
18.3
17.8
-0.5
20,380
26,043
5,663
27.79
Misamis Oriental Source: NSCB
9,814
12,594
15.9
13.4
-2.5
41,920
37,263
(4,657)
-11.11
Region X families had an average annual savings of PhP25,106 in 2006, up by 12 percent from 2003, and completely reversing the decrease experienced in the previous three-year period. Among the Mindanao regions, Region X had the highest annual family savings in year 2000, but was overtaken by Central Mindanao in 2003, and by Western Mindanao in 2006. A clear evidence that the high growth did not filter down the lower economic class is the high income inequity. While income distribution, as measured by the Gini coefficient, improved very slightly from 0.4817 to 0.4806, Region X has the second highest income disparity among Mindanao Regions which is also higher than the national average. Table 5. Comparative Average Annual Family Income Mindanao Regions: 2000, 2003 & 2006 (in Pesos) Region PHILIPPINES Region IX – Western Mindanao Region X – Northern Mindanao Region XI – Southern Mindanao Region XII – Central Mindanao CARAGA ARMM – Muslim Mindanao Source: NSCB-X
Ave. Annual Family Income (In Pesos) 2000
2003
2006
144,039 86,135 110,333 112,254 90,778 79,590 81,519
148,000 93,000 109,000 117,000 113,000 90,000 83,000
172,730 125,445 141,773 134,605 113,919 118,146 88,632
Ave. Annual Growth Rates 20002003 0.9 2.6 -0.4 1.4 7.6 4.2 0.6
20032006 5.3 10.5 9.2 4.8 0.3 9.5 2.2
20002006 3.1 6.5 4.3 3.1 3.9 6.8 1.4
7
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Table 6. Average Annual Family Savings Mindanao Regions: 2000, 2003 & 2006
Regions
Average Annual Family Savings (In Pesos)
25,550 26,770
20002003 -2.7 2.6
20032006 2.1 14.1
20002006 -0.3 8.2
18,000
25,106
-11.4
11.7
-0.5
21,386
17,000
19,480
-7.4
4.6
-1.5
16,062 13,302 9,411
28,000 12,000 16,000
18,083 18,197 13,794
20.4 -3.4 19.4
-13.6 14.9 -4.8
2 5.4 6.6
2000
2003
2006
PHILIPPINES Region IX – Western Mindanao Region X – Northern Mindanao Region XI – Southern Mindanao
26,037 16,683
24,000 18,000
25,856
Region XII – Central Mindanao CARAGA ARMM – Muslim Mindanao Source: NSCB-X
Growth Rates
Table 7. Gini Coefficients Philippines and Mindanao Regions: 2003 & 2006 Philippines Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) Region X (Northern Mindanao) Region XI (Davao)
2003 0.4605 0.5197 0.4817 0.4574
2006 0.458 0.5054 0.4806 0.4225
Inc/Dec -0.0025 -0.0143 -0.0011 -0.0349
Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) Region XIII (Caraga) Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
0.4774 0.4303 0.3578
0.4006 0.4452 0.3113
-0.0768 +0.0149 -0.0465
Source: NSO-X
All the five provinces in the region posted improvements in HDI (a summary measure of three major indicators in terms of longevity, knowledge and decent standard of living) in 2006 as compared to their levels in 2003. However, disparities exist among the provinces in the region. Only Misamis Oriental posted an HDI higher than the national average of 0.716. Meanwhile, Lanao del Norte was the top gainer from an HDI of 0.670 in 2003 to 0.689 in 2006, thus increasing its rank from 33 to 23 in terms of highest HDI among 77 provinces nationwide. Figure 2. Human Development Index by Province, Region X: 2003 & 2006
8
Macroeconomic Development Framework
Labor Force and Employment Over the period 2005-2009, the region experienced high employment rates of not less than 94 percent. This is translated into 1.915 million employed persons in 2009, from 1.784 million in 2005 or an absolute increase of 131,000 over the five-year period. Underemployment rate, however, was likewise high at over 30 percent in most years, except in 2008 when it improved significantly to 21 percent. Household population 15 years and over increased by two percent, but labor force participation rate dropped slightly by less than one percentage point. Table 8. Labor Force and Employment Region X: October 2005-2009
Household Population 15 years and over (‗000) Labor Force ('000) Labor Force Participation Rate Employed Persons (‗000) Employment Rate Underemployed Persons (‗000) Underemployment Rate Unemployed Persons ('000) Unemployment Rate
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
AAGR 20052009
2,593
2,652
2,622
2,726
2,808
2.01
1,885 72.7 1,784 94.6 637
1,935 72.96 1,836 94.9 654
1,867 71.2 1769 94.9 631
1,953 71.6 1,872 95.8 398
1,999 71.2 1,915 95.8 594
1.48
33.8 102 5.4
33.8 104 5.12
33.8 95 5.1
21.3 82 4.2
31.0 84.0 4.2
1.79 -1.74 -4.69
Source: NSO-X
A 95.8 percent employment rate was sustained in years 2008 and 2009. The 2008 improvement in underemployment, however, was not sustained, as some companies resorted to work reduction and shift rotation to cope with the global economic slowdown. There was instead a 50 percent increase in underemployed persons, bringing the underemployment rate back to a high 31 percent in 2009. In comparison, the national average underemployment in 2009 was much lower at 19 percent. From 2005 to 2009, services and agriculture each absorbed over 40 percent of workers, together accounting for around 90 percent of total employed persons, while industry employed the remaining ten percent. Considering that GRDP distribution is nearly balanced among the three sectors, labor productivity is highest in the industry sector. Over the five-year period, the employment share of services sector expanded by 2.57 percentage points, agriculture share contracted by 2.72 percentage points, and industry share expanded by less than one percentage point.
From 2005 to 2009, services and agriculture each absorbed over 40 percent of workers… industry employed the remaining 10 percent.
9
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Progress towards the MDGs Based on the probability of attaining the targets, the region will highly likely to achieve the targets along reducing malnutrition among children, reducing child and maternal mortality, reducing the incidence of malaria, improving simple literacy, and making available the benefits of communications. Meanwhile, there is moderate likelihood of achieving the targets in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, and gender equality in secondary education. The region will have difficulty in attaining the targets of achieving universal access to primary education, gender equality in primary education, universal access to reproductive health, sustainable access to safe water and improved sanitation, and environmental sustainability. With just five years before the 2015 MDG deadline, doubling of efforts of all stakeholders and duty bearers is an imperative. Getting as close as possible to the targets, if not surpass them, is crucial in realizing a truly transformative development. Table 9. Pace of Progress in terms of Attaining the MDG Targets, Region X Goals/Targets/Indicators Baseline Target Latest Probability* Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1.A Halve, between 1990s and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day Indicator Proportion of population below regional 45.3 22.6 39.6 low 1.1 poverty threshold Source: NSCB 1991 2015 2009 Proportion of families below regional 41.5 20.7 32.8 medium poverty threshold Source: NSCB 1991 2015 2009 Target 1.B Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Indicator Prevalence of underweight children under 5 34.3 17.2 9.9 high 1.2 years of age Source: DOH-X 1998 2015 2009 Indicator Proportion of population below subsistence 26.3 13.2 20.7 medium 1.3 (food) threshold Source: NSCB 1991 2015 2009 Proportion of families below subsistence 22.7 11.3 15.6 medium (food) threshold Source: NSCB 1991 2015 2009 Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education Target 2.A Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Indicator Net enrolment ratio in primary education 78.2 100 81.8 low 2.1 Source: BEIS, DepEd-X 1991 2015 2008 Indicator Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who 61.7 100 65.7 low 2.2 reached grade 6 Source: BEIS, DepEd-X 1991 2015 2009 Indicator Simple Literacy Rate of 10-14 years old 61.7 100 92.2 high 2.3 Source: FLEMMS,NSO-X 1991 2015 2003 Indicator Ratio of literate females to males of 15-24 0.93 1 1.03 high 2.3a year olds Source: FLEMMS, NSO-X 1994 2015 2003
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Macroeconomic Development Framework
Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3.A Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and to all levels of education no later than 2015 Indicator Ratio of girls to boys in primary education 0.96 1 0.93 low 3.1a Source: BEIS, DepEd-X 1993 2015 2009 Indicator Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education 1.1 1 1.06 medium 3.1.b Source: BEIS, DepEd-X 1993 2015 2009 Indicator Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education 1 1.22 3.1.c Source: CHED-X 1991 2015 2008 Goal 4. Reduce child mortality Target 4.A Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Indicator Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 85 28.3 27 high 4.1 livebirths) Source: NDHS, NSO-X 1993 2015 2008 Indicator Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 livebirths) 37 12.3 19 high 4.2 Source: NDHS, NSO-X 1993 2015 2008 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 livebirths) 20.1 6.93 7.2 high Source: DOH-X ( administrative data) 1990 2015 2009 Goal 5. Improve maternal health Target 5.A Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Indicator Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 96.2 24.1 51 high 5.1 livebirths) Source: NDHS, NSO-X 1993 2015 2008 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 132 33 94 medium livebirths) Source: DOH –X ( administrative data) 1990 2015 2009 Target 5.B Achieve, by 2015, the universal access to reproductive health Indicator Proportion of births attended by skilled 49.9 100 47.7 low 5.2 health personnel Source: NDHS, NSO-X 1999 2015 2008 Indicator Contraceptive prevalence rate 59.8 100 53.2 low 5.3 Source: Family Planning Survey, NSO-X 1997 2015 2008 Contraceptive prevalence rate (for all 61.56 80 45 low methods) Source: DOH-X ( administrative data) 1990 2015 2009 Indicator Prenatal care coverage 59.63 95.0 67.76 low 5.4 Source: DOH -X (administrative data) 1990 2015 2009 Indicator Postnatal care coverage 70.05 95.0 88.0 high 5.5 Source: DOH -X (administrative data) 1990 2015 2009 Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 6.A Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases Indicator Death rate associated with malaria (per 71.1 0 1.8 high 6.1 100,000 population) Source: DOH-X 1998 2015 2009 Indicator Prevalence associated with tuberculosis 778 0 735 low 6.2a Source: DOH-X 1998 2015 2009 Indicator Death rate associated with tuberculosis (per 28.7 0 19.6 medium 6.2b 100,000 population) Source: DOH-X 1998 2015 2009
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Target 6.B Indicator 6.3 Indicator 6.4
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Percentage of Women having one sexual - increasing partner Source: NDHS, NSO-X Using condoms as protection from disease - increasing
63 2008 54
Source: NDHS, NSO-X 2008 Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability Target 7.A Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies & programs to reverse the loss of environmental resources Indicator Proportion of land area covered by forest 56.8 increasing 53.7 7.1 Source: DENR-X 2009 Target 7.B Halve, by 2015, the proportion of population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation Indicator Proportion of households with access to 87.1 100.0 88.0 low 7.2 safe water supply Source: DOH-X 1998 2015 2008 Indicator 7.3
Proportion of households with sanitary toilet 67.5 83.8 73.1 low facility Source: NSO-X 1990 2015 2009 Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development Target 8 In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications Indicator Telephone lines subscribers per 100 3 increasing 3.8 high 8.1 population Source: NTC-X 1990 2009 * Computation of pace of progress is based on UNSIAP methodology Pace of progress = Actual rate of progress / Required rate of progress where: Actual rate of progress = [(latest data / baseline data) – 1] / no. of years elapse; Required rate of progress = [(target rate / baseline data) – 1] / no. of years covered Probability of attaining the target: LOW if pace of progress is less than 0.5; MEDIUM if pace of progress is between 0.5 and 0.9; and, HIGH if pace of progress is greater than 0.9 Source: NSCB-X and DOH-X, and updates based on RDP, 2004-2010 assessment report
Vulnerability of Region X to Disasters Number of Natural Disasters For the period 2004-2009, there were 58 disaster events reported. Flash flood recorded the most number of occurrences. For the year 2008 alone, there were 13 flashfloods. Meanwhile, there were 10 occurrences of big waves with storm surge during the period, eight of which were observed in 2008. On an annual basis, 2008 posted the highest number of disaster events. There were 15 disaster events in 2007 and seven in 2009.
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Macroeconomic Development Framework
Figure 3. Number of Natural Disaster Events by Type Region X: 2004–2009
Affected Families/Persons Over 64,000 families, equivalent to 312,173 individuals, were affected. Flashflood with raininduced landslide affected the most number of families and individuals. Table 10. Number of Affected Families and Persons by Type of Natural Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009 Disaster Event Big Waves Big Waves with Storm Surge Strong Winds Tornado Flash Flood
Number Families Persons 1,859 8,616
% Distribution Families Persons 2.90 2.76
4,722 31 14 2,961
18,723 164 78 15,213
7.37 0.05 0.02 4.62
6.00 0.05 0.02 4.87
Flashflood with Rain-Induced Landslide Flood Flood with Landslide
49,132 1,259 3,097
247,954 3,176 13,499
76.69 1.97 4.83
79.43 1.02 4.32
Flood with Rain-induced landslide Heavy Rains with Strong Wind Rain-Induced Landslide Earthquake Total
921 72 64,068
4,575 60 115 312,173
1.44 0.11 0.00 0.00 100.00
1.47 0.02 0.00 0.04 100.00
Source of Data: OCD-X
Of the 61 recorded deaths, 39 were caused by flashfloods with rain-induced landslide. Meanwhile, there were 26 injured and six missing.
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Economic Damage
Table 11. Number of Lives Lost by Type of
Natural Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009 Number Disaster Event of Lives Lost Big Waves 2 Big Waves with Storm Surge 5 Flash Flood 6 Flashflood with Rain-Induced Landslide 39 Flood with Landslide 1 Heavy Rains with Strong Wind 2 Rain-Induced Landslide 2 Lightning/Thunderstorm Total
Percent Distribution 3.28 8.20 9.84 63.93 1.64 3.28 3.28
4
6.56
61
100.00
Source of Data: OCD-X
Table 12. Estimated Cost of Damage by Type of Natural Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009 Cost Disaster Event (In Pesos) Big Waves with Storm Surge 6,300,000 Flash Flood Flashflood with Rain-Induced Landslide Flood Flood with Landslide Flood with Rain-induced landslide Total
Percent Distribution 0.65
35,278,431
3.66
846,334,898
87.71
4,228,600 60,000,000 12,810,420 964,952,349
0.44 6.22 1.33 100.00
* Minimum cost incurred. Damages in a number of disaster events were not determined/reported. Source: OCD-X
For events with reported damage costs, almost PhP1 billion worth of properties were damaged. Affected properties include houses, agricultural crops, fisheries, and public infrastructure. Flashflood with rain-induced landslide posted the greatest impact accounting for 87.7 percent of the estimated damage cost during the period. The January 2009 event which affected the cities of Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Gingoog, Oroquieta, Ozamiz, and the provinces of Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte caused a total damage of PhP793.3 million. There were 1,812 houses totally damaged and 6,104 partially damaged. Among the provinces, Lanao del Norte is the most adversely affected by this disaster type. The damage cost of the August 13, 2006 event that occurred in Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte reached PhP37.5 million. There was also huge devastation to livelihood as rice lands and fisheries were deeply covered with water. On the other hand, flood with landslide accounted for 6.2 percent of the total estimated damage cost, while flashfloods, 3.7 percent.
Figure 4. Distribution of
Estimated Cost of Damage by Type of Disaster, Region X: 2004–2009
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Macroeconomic Development Framework
IV. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES Its strategic location gives the region its biggest competitive advantage over all the other regions in Mindanao. It is practically typhoon-free and physically linked to all regions in the island through a network of roads. Moreover, with its deep harbor, the region is the best jump-off point for trading with Visayas and Luzon, and the international market using the sea lanes. With relatively better port facilities bannered by the Mindanao Container Terminal (MCT), which is the only containerized port in Mindanao, and soon to be commissioned Laguindingan Airport, which is of international standard, the region takes the pride of being the major GATEWAY of Southern Philippines. Agriculture potential is also enormous with its vast agricultural lands, with soils highly suited for the growing of many crops. Northern Mindanao leads in the production of major crops, especially in Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte. Having the biggest industrial output among all regions in Mindanao, as well as the presence of the biggest industrial estate in the country are best manifestations of the huge potential for industrial development. Industries locating in the region can also be well supported by the presence of electric power generation service providers of which the region supplies at least 65 percent of the total power capacities of Mindanao. With a generally peace-loving people, the region has a peaceful and orderly environment making it safe for investors and tourists. Its highly skilled and literate work force is ready to meet the demands of investment locators.
V. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES Despite the gains in the overall economic performance of the region in the previous plan period, the following development constraints and challenges shall be surmounted to usher inclusive growth where everyone participates, contributes and benefits from the fruits of development: Reducing poverty incidence and income inequality; Sustaining a high growth path; Improving access and quality of basic social services; Enhancing productivity and competitiveness of basic sectors in the economy; Accommodating into the job market the increasing working age population; Improving logistics and support systems; Adapting to the changes in climatic patterns and reducing disaster risks; Protecting the already threatened natural resources; Overcoming the negative perception on the peace and order situation; and Improving public safety in all communities.
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
VI. GUIDING PRINCIPLES In the pursuit of a high inclusive growth over the plan period, participation of the private sector in the development endeavors shall be encouraged. As the real engine of growth, private sector participation shall be strengthened while government will concentrate on facilitative activities. Attaining an inclusive growth requires fully harnessing the region‘s resources. Thus, in the next six years, the region will encourage resource utilization activities that adhere to the principles of sustainable development and respect for basic human rights and gender considerations, indigenous beliefs and traditions, and cultural heritage.
VII. DEVELOPMENT AGENDA National Development Agenda The national government shall focus on creating adequate employment opportunities for more Filipinos to significantly reduce poverty in an inclusive and sustainable growth framework while at the same time strategically positioning the country towards a more integrated ASEAN community by the end of the plan period. The national development priorities focus on translating the President‘s development agenda as contained in his ―Social Contract with the Filipino People‖ into strategies, policies and programs and activities for the plan period, 2011-2016. The Social Contract envisions ―a country with an organized and widely shared rapid expansion of our economy through a government dedicated to honing and mobilizing the people‘s skills and energies, as well as the responsible harnessing of our natural resources.‖ Further, the social contract focus on the following five key result areas: a) transparent, accountable and participatory governance; b) poverty reduction and empowerment of the poor and vulnerable; c) rapid, inclusive, and sustained economic growth; d) just and lasting peace and the rule of law; and e) integrity of the environment and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Regional Development Vision and Agenda Northern Mindanao is envisioned to be the leading industrial core and trade center in southern Philippines with dynamic men and women enjoying equal opportunities in harnessing and sustaining its agriculture and natural resources in building a decent, harmonious, and safe environment. With a number of competitive advantages and facilitating factors over the other regions in Mindanao and even in the Visayas and Luzon, the region presents itself as the most competitive, efficient and attractive transshipment hub and venue for industrial ventures in the country. As the regional economy undergoes transformation, more value-adding activities such as processing and manufacturing shall be intensified to fully harness and sustain its rich agriculture and resourcebased endowments and potentials. With this scenario, it is expected that the share of the industry and services sectors to the economy shall likely increase with agriculture providing the foundation of development. Thus, in the next six years, Region X shall assert its role as the leader in high value agri-based and fishery products and as the gateway, and industrial core and trade center in the southern part of the Philippines.
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Macroeconomic Development Framework
VIII. SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS The region shall continue to adopt the twin spatial strategies, namely: a) Polycentric Development Strategy (PDS); and b) Corridor Development Strategy (CDS) – (Map Nos. 5 & 6). Poverty incidence and its gravity increases as the distance from the development center increases. Under the polycentric development strategy, development of more strategic centers throughout the region shall be encouraged to influence growth in their nearby localities. As the major cities and urban centers continue to play their roles as development catalysts, development of emerging centers shall be supported in order to form a network of centers that will improve access to economic services in the countryside. Industrial development shall be pursued through a wider and longer strip of industrial development corridors in order to disperse development from urban centers. While the realization of the CagayanIligan Corridor shall be given foremost attention, other important corridors shall also be supported such as the Cagayan-Bukidnon; Tubod-Ganassi, Lanao del Sur; Iligan-Bukidnon; Tangub-OzamizOroquieta; Tubod-Kapatagan-Aurora; and Tukuran-Sultan Naga Dimaporo.
Spatial Development Clusters (SDCs) Based on the commonality of resources, potentials and challenges, the following strategic development clusters are identified to guide the desired direction given their functional role to the region‘s and country‘s economy, and likewise seize the opportunities brought by globalization.
SDC 1: Realizing the Cagayan-Iligan Industrial and Trade Corridor Cluster 1 includes the western side of Misamis Oriental, eastern part of Lanao del Norte, and northern part of Bukidnon. This expanded Cagayan-Iligan Corridor, which will be the center of industrial development, stands to fully realize its potentials of becoming a rapidly industrializing area with a large export base. Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, with their existing base of heavy and large industries, serve as twin development poles that will draw more expansions along manufacturing and processing. There are also several emerging growth centers in the corridor to disperse development, as well as link resource-rich rural areas to growth and market centers. This spatial layout creates potential for intra-regional linkages and complementary growth in the whole island of Mindanao.
SDC2: Capitalizing on the Agri-Fishery and Eco-Cultural Tourism Endowments of Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental This cluster covers the western part of the region and radiates its influence to Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental, capitalizes on the Agri-Fishery and Eco-Cultural Tourism endowments of the two provinces covered. Improving physical accessibility and the utilization of productive resources shall be the focus of activities in the next six years to hasten economic growth and eventually make the area self-reliant and productive.
SDC3: Boosting Agri-business Ventures and Eco-Tourism in Bukidnon Cluster 3 mainly covers the province of Bukidnon. The central part of Bukidnon shall continue to be the main source of agricultural products and raw materials for the processing plants in the region.
17
LEGEND: REGIONAL GROWTH CENTER SUB-REGIONAL CENTER CAMIGUIN
LARGE CITY
MAMBAJAO MAHINOG
MEDIUM/SMALL CITY
CATARMAN
GUINSILIBAN
SAGAY
EMERGING GROWTH CENTERS
MAGSAYSAY TALISAYAN
BALINGOAN KINOGUITAN SUGBONGCOGON BINUANGAN SALAY
G I N G O O G
B A Y
TO BUTUAN CITY
MEDINA
LAGONGLONG
MISAMIS ORIENTAL JASAAN
BALIANGAO SAPANG DALAGA
LAGUINDINGAN GITAGUM ALUBIJID LIBERTAD EL SALVADOR OPOL INITAO
PLARIDEL LOPEZ JAENA
CALAMBA
GINGOOG CITY
BALINGASAG
MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
CLAVERIA VILLANUEVA TAGOLOAN
MALITBOG
OROQUIETA CITY
CONCEPCION
PANAON JIMENEZ
DON VICTORIANO
SINACABAN TUDELA CLARIN BACOLOD
ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY MANOLO FORTICH
NAAWAN MANTICAO LUGAIT
ALORAN
LIBONA ILIGAN CITY
KAUSWAGAN LINAMON OZAMIZ CITY TAGOLOAN MAIGO BALOI MATUNGAO TANGUB CITY PANTAR TUBOD KOLAMBUGANPOONA PIAGAPO BONIFACIO PANTAO RAGAT BAROY MUNAI LALA MAGSAYSAY LAKE SALVADOR KAPATAGAN LANAO SAPAD LANAO DEL NORTE NUNUNGAN
SUMILAO IMPASUGONG
BAUNGON
MALAYBALAY CITY
TALAKAG
CABANGLASAN LANTAPAN VALENCIA CITY
PANGANTUCAN SAN FERNANDO KALILANGAN
MARAMAG
SULTAN NAGA DIMAPORO
QUEZON
BUKIDNON
DON CARLOS
KITAOTAO DANGCAGAN KADINGILAN
KIBAWE DAMULOG
BONGO ISLAND
Source : RPFP, 2004-2030
Map 4.
POLYCENTRIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Prepared by: NEDA-X (2010)
N Not Drawn to Scale
LEGEND: REGIONAL GROWTH CENTER
CAGAYAN-ILIGAN
SUB-REGIONAL CENTER MAJOR THOROUGHFARES
CAMIGUIN
MAHINOG
LARGE CITY CATARMAN
MEDIUM/SMALL CITY
MAGSAYSAY TALISAYAN
BALINGOAN KINOGUITAN SUGBONGCOGON BINUANGAN SALAY
G I N G O O G
B A Y
TO BUTUAN CITY
MEDINA
LAGONGLONG
TANGUB-OZAMIZ-OROQUIETA
GINGOOG CITY
BALINGASAG
MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
MISAMIS ORIENTAL JASAAN
BALIANGAO
LAGUINDINGAN GITAGUM ALUBIJID LIBERTAD EL SALVADOR OPOL INITAO
PLARIDEL LOPEZ JAENA
CALAMBA
GUINSILIBAN
SAGAY
EMERGING GROWTH CENTERS
SAPANG DALAGA
CAGAYAN-BUKIDNON
MAMBAJAO
CLAVERIA VILLANUEVA TAGOLOAN
MALITBOG
OROQUIETA CITY
CONCEPCION
PANAON JIMENEZ
DON VICTORIANO
LIBONA ILIGAN CITY
SINACABAN TUDELA CLARIN BACOLOD
ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE
CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY MANOLO FORTICH
NAAWAN MANTICAO LUGAIT
ALORAN
KAUSWAGAN LINAMON OZAMIZ CITY TAGOLOAN MAIGO BALOI MATUNGAO TANGUB CITY PANTAR TUBOD KOLAMBUGANPOONA PIAGAPO BONIFACIO PANTAO RAGAT BAROY MUNAI LALA MAGSAYSAY LAKE SALVADOR KAPATAGAN LANAO SAPAD LANAO DEL NORTE NUNUNGAN
SUMILAO IMPASUGONG
BAUNGON
MALAYBALAY CITY
CABANGLASAN LANTAPAN TALAKAG
VALENCIA CITY SAN FERNANDO
PANGANTUCAN KALILANGAN
MARAMAG
SULTAN NAGA DIMAPORO
QUEZON
TUBOD-GANASSILANAO DEL SUR
BUKIDNON
KITAOTAO DANGCAGAN KADINGILAN
TUBOD-KAPATAGANAURORA
DON CARLOS
TUKURAN-SULTAN NAGA DIMAPORO
KIBAWE DAMULOG
BONGO ISLAND
ILIGAN-BUKIDNON
Map 5.
CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Prepared by: NEDA-X (2010)
Source : RPFP, 2004-2030
N Not Drawn to Scale
Strategic Development Clusters (SDC) SDC 1 Realizing the Cagayan-Iligan industrial and trade corridor SDC 2 Capitalizing on the agri-fishery and ecocultural tourism endowments of Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental SDC 3 Boosting agri-business ventures in Bukidnon SDC 4 Harnessing the Gingoog-Camiguin tourism adventure loop
CAMIGUIN
Mambajao To/from Caraga
G I N G O O G
SDC 4
To/from Region IX
B A Y
Gingoog City AGUSAN DEL NORTE
To/from Caraga
MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL
Oroquieta City
To/from Caraga
SDC 1 Cagayan de Oro City SDC 2
Iligan City
Malaybalay City
Ozamiz City Tangub City
Marawi City
Tubod
To/from Caraga
SDC 3 Valencia City
To/from Region IX
LAKE LANAO LAKE LANAO
LANAO DEL NORTE
To/from Region IX
LANAO DEL SUR
BUKIDNON
To/from Region XI
LEGEND: Provincial Boundaries Municipal Boundaries Strategic Roads Inter Regional Linkages Inter Island Linkages
To/from Region XI
To/from Region XII
Core Industrial Center Key Growth Center (KGC)
Map 6.
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT CLUSTERS OF NORTHERN MINDANAO Prepared by: NEDA-10 (2009)
COTABATO
N Not Drawn to Scale
Macroeconomic Development Framework
While the two cities of Malaybalay and Valencia are the main growth centers that will drive development of the SDC, the emerging urban center of Maramag is expected to spur development in the southern part of the area. Potentials along eco-tourism and recreation shall also be developed especially with the opening of major roads linking the province to Davao and Cotabato.
SDC4: Harnessing the Gingoog-Camiguin Tourism Adventure Loop For Camiguin to become a major tourist destination in the country, the framework is to create an integrated adventure-type coastal and/or expanded tourism highway. While working on the improvement of access to tourism sites and facilities, tour packages shall be arranged to connect tourists in Cagayan de Oro passing the tourism sites in Misamis Oriental, such as Mantangale in Balingoan and Duka Bay in Medina to Camiguin, and then to Bohol and Cebu and vice versa, through the nautical highway. This would complement the development of adventure tourism in Bukidnon and other areas of the region.
IX. DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK The Macroeconomic Development Framework (Figure 5) sets the overall development agenda of the region including the major targets to be attained during the plan period. Thus, the regional development agenda and priorities are laid down to fully attain its desired role while ensuring a sustainable and shared prosperity across all areas in the region. Figure 5. RDP, 2011-2016 Framework of Northern Mindanao
21
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
In asserting its role as the major GATEWAY, and industrial core and trade center in the South, strategic actions shall be pursued along the following areas: Good Governance and Peace and Order; Access, Logistics and Other Infrastructure Services; Trade, Industry and Tourism; Environment and Sustainable Development; Well-being and Improved Welfare; Agriculture and Fishery; and Education and Youth Empowerment. Meanwhile, Science and Technology, as a crosscutting concern, is critical in attaining productivity and competitiveness of the regional economy. Embedded in the development framework is along disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation (DRR/CCA) to sustain the gains the region has achieved over the years. Prevention and mitigation measures through institutional capacity building, mainstreaming in development and land use plans, implementation of nonstructural measures are meaningful strategies to complement and ensure effectiveness of the existing or instituted structural measures to build resilient communities. Thus, strategies such as protection and rehabilitation of watershed, implement existing anti-pollution regulations, encourage use of environment-friendly technology, public education/advocacy, and periodic review of zoning ordinance and site plan standards shall be in place and pursued.
X. MACROECONOMIC TARGETS Economic Growth Having a highly resilient economy, the region is expected to make a quick rebound from the global financial crisis. GRDP growth will be modest for 2010 and 2011 at a range of 4.5–7 percent, but will accelerate in 2012 towards the end of the plan period within a range of 7-7.5 percent as more development projects and private investments are implemented. Being one of the regions contributing significantly to the national economic growth, this target growth is supportive of the national growth target of 7-8 percent over the planning period. While the agriculture sector will continue to be the backbone of the regional economy, growth in this sector would be rather modest compared to the growths in the industry and services sectors. This shall likely happen as the region continues to transform into an industrializing economy by improving productivity and competitiveness of all sectors particularly agriculture. Table 13. Economic Growth Targets Region X, 2010-2016 (in percent) Industry/Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Agri., Fishery, Forestry Industry
5.5-6 3.5-4
6.5-7 7-7.5
6.5-7 7-7.5
6.5-7 7.5-8
6.5-7 7.5-8
6.5-7 7.5-8
6.5-7 7.5-8
Services
4.5-5
7-7.5
7.5-8
7.5-8
7.5-8
7.5-8
7.5-8
Gross Regional Domestic Product
4.5-5
6.5-7
7-7.5
7-7.5
7-7.5
7-7.5
7-7.5
5-6
7-8
7-8
7-8
7-8
7-8
7-8
Gross Domestic Product Target
Poverty Reduction Reducing poverty remains the biggest challenge that the region faces in the next six years. Meeting the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of cutting by half the poverty incidence among families in 1991 to around 21 percent by 2015 is a very tall order. Nevertheless, being one of the more progressive regions, Region X has more opportunities of improving the poverty situation. As the
22
Macroeconomic Development Framework
country pursues an inclusive growth policy and high economic growth regime in which the region is also expected to benefit, the target of reducing poverty is attainable.
Family Income and Savings As the region‘s economy grows rapidly over the next six years, the average annual family income is also expected to improve by about five percent annually, reaching over PhP215,000 from the PhP142,000 in 2006. With this, the average family savings is expected to improve from the negative growth it has shown between 2000-2006. A two percent annual improvement in savings will already be modest for the region during the next six years. Table 14. Poverty Reduction Targets Region X: 2015 (in percent) Actual
Indicators Poverty Incidence (Population) Poverty incidence (Families) Subsistence Incidence (Population) Subsistence Incidence (Families)
1991 45.3 41.5 26.3 22.7
2003 38.8 32.4 21.2 16.1
2006 39.7 32.7 21.8 16.3
2009 39.6 32.8 20.7 15.6
RDP and MDG Targets 2015 22.6 20.7 13.2 11.3
Source of actual data: NSCB-X
Employment With a relatively high employment rate over the past years, the labor sector is expected to gain from the investments expected during the plan period and therefore would easily meet the threshold of full-employment (96%) over the plan period. To meet such level of employment, the region must generate at least 35 thousand net jobs in 2010 and 45-50 thousand net jobs per year in the next five years. The biggest problem, though, is how to bring down underemployment rate which is relatively high compared to the other regions in the country. With new job opportunities coming in, underemployment could be brought down to about 20 percent by 2016.
Managing Population Growth While the determination of the manageable size of the family is better left to the couples, the government has the obligation to educate its population on responsible parenthood and the effects of a fast growing population on the utilization of resources. It is also the responsibility of government particularly the LGUs to provide access, especially the poorest sector, to the various modes of family planning and birth control. ‌. ‌the government has the obligation to educate its population on responsible parenthood and the effects of a fast growing population on the utilization of resources.
23
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
24
Chapter 2: Good Governance and Peace and Order Strengthening Capacity and Accountability
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES Good Governance Improving governance is a key to poverty reduction and sustained economic growth. It is the vulnerable sector who suffers the most from the consequences of weak governance. Efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, responsibility and transparency in terms of structures, mechanisms, processes and procedures, information sharing, capacity-building, among others, are therefore examined to strengthen and enhance the role of government in attaining inclusive patterns of economic growth.
Functionality and Effectiveness of Government Structures, Procedures, and Frontline Services Functionality of the Local Special Bodies While local special development bodies are organized in all LGUs as mandated by law, questions are being raised as to their dynamism and efficient functioning. Efforts in making these development bodies effective are continuously undertaken including the granting of awards and commendations to various local bodies which exhibited exemplary performance. The DILG has also installed an internet based self- assessment indicator system (Local Government Performance Management System or LGPMS) to enable the LGUs to monitor and check their level of performance and productivity in several areas of governance and help the LGUs in determining the development gaps. Part of the activities which shall be undertaken will be the conduct of trainings on LGPMS and in the formulation of the State of the Local Government Performance Report (SLGPR) and the State of Local Development Report (SLDR). Even then, there are still issues hampering the operations of these bodies like the overlapping of functions and membership of too many special bodies created; the lack of enthusiasm in some LGUs which may be because of the lack of a disciplinary mechanism for erring LGUs and capabilityrelated issues; and other concerns. Wider use of computerization to enhance delivery of services Computerization has helped a lot in improving the delivery of services among government offices. Improvements in the processing of transactions are noted among agencies like the business name registration of DTI, loans processing of HDMF and licensing of LTO, among others. It also facilitated improvements in the delivery of services among the local government units. Even then, the use of ICT is still very much limited due to the following issues: a) lack of equipment; b) lack of connectivity especially for municipalities which are far from major development centers; c) lack of priority especially among some local executives; and d) lack of manpower capability. What is evidently lacking is a government backbone that will link all government offices through one communication network.
25
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Professionalizing the Civil Service Under the Civil Service Commission Agency Accreditation Program (CSCAAP), 115 agencies as of 2009 were given authority to take final actions on appointments from only 95 in 2008. The installation of a Performance Management System-Office Performance Evaluation System (PMS-OPES) as an evaluation strategy is continually pursued by government agencies including State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs), and the LGUs.
Improving Government Discipline, Efficiency and Equity in Managing Resources Strengthening the Capacity of Government to Address Graft and Corruption The implementation of the Anti-Red Tape Act (ARTA or R.A. 9485) was closely monitored. The CSC-X assisted the agencies in crafting the Agency Citizen‘s Charter (ACC), the setting up of Public Assistance and Complaints Desk (PACD), and monitored compliance with the anti-fixer campaign. As of 2009, ninety-five percent of LGUs have crafted their Citizen‘s Charter. The Association of Resident Ombudsman in Government Agencies in Region X (AROGA-X), in coordination with the Office of the Ombudsman for Mindanao, has been continually conducting orientation and seminar-workshops on integrity development, public accountability, procurement, and statutory perspective of corruption (penalizing corruption). The association has also launched activities to institutionalize and strengthen whistle blowing and tipping in the region. However, there is still a need for a more concerted effort among the agencies whose mandates relate directly to preventing or minimizing graft and corruption and have a unified and implementable strategy. Improving Development Planning Capability Initiatives to improve capabilities along development planning were also undertaken. All provinces have completed their Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFPs) using the new guidelines on Provincial/Local Planning and Expenditure Management (PLPEM) formulated by NEDA with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Under this set of guidelines, the province will prepare one main plan document incorporating/merging the socio-economic/sector development and the land use/physical aspects, instead of two separate plans. All cities and municipalities have prepared/updated their comprehensive development plans (CDP), using the DILG guidelines (Rationalized Planning System). Likewise, these LGUs are also updating their Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) using the HLURB guidelines. All cities and municipalities of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental have completed their Executive Legislative Agenda (ELA), a three-year strategy plan, corresponding to the term of elected local officials. Seven out of the eight cities, and 43 out of the 85 municipalities in the region have completed the final module III (data processing and mapping) of the Community Based Management System (CBMS). Map digitizing is ongoing in many municipalities and cities. The CBMS is being adopted regionwide to answer the need for a more reliable household level data and small area statistics for development and project planning purposes.
26
Good Governance and Peace and Order
Information sharing among LGUs, academe, and other entities interested in local governance is facilitated through the Regional Local Governance Resource Center (RLGRC), established by DILG-X in 2006. Visitors from outside the region continue to visit the center for various information and especially on the region‘s best practices in governance. At the barangay level, 78 percent of the barangays have functional Gabay sa Mamamayan Action Centers (GMAC). In spite of all these efforts, improving capabilities of the bureaucracy along development planning is still an area of concern both at the LGUs and the regional offices.
Development Finance Revenue Generation Total internal tax revenues generated from CY2004 to CY2009 reached PhP23.53 billion, growing annually by 7.67 percent. The highest growth was achieved during CY 2005, when the region experienced high inflation rates especially for fuel, light and water commodity items. This was attributed to the intensified tax information and education campaign which succeeded in improving collections. Table 15. Summary of Internal Revenue Collections by Type of Tax Region X: 2004-2009 (in million pesos) Type of Tax
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Regional Total 3,124.31 Percent Inc./Dec. Income 2,169.23 Value Added 650.55 Percentage 142.56 Excise 0.66 Others 161.31 Source: RSET, BIR-X
3,609.66
4,017.55
4,018.20
4,263.08
4,493.08
15.53
11.30
0.02
6.09
5.40
2,534.62 667.12 175.80 232.13
2,537.09 1,053.90 172.81 0.48 253.27
2,439.91 1,036.14 226.64 0.33 315.19
2,554.16 1,088.06 235.20 0.54 385.11
2,643.11 1,275.54 239.14 2.10 333.20
Total 23,525.88 7.67 (Ave) 14,878.12 5,771.31 1,192.15 4.11 1,680.21
Customs collection during the plan period was on the uptrend, growing annually by 21 percent, which was nevertheless below the 28 percent target. The year 2006 saw a big drop in collection, but this was due to a high statistical base for 2005 when importations of major components occurred for the construction of the STEAG-operated coal-fired power plant at the PHIVIDEC industrial estate. Collection dropped again by 11 percent in 2009 as the regional economy was affected by the global financial crisis. The operation of the Mindanao Container Terminal (MCT) starting in CY2007 gave a definite boost to the region‘s customs collection. Moreover, the strong performance of the export sector, reinforced by the favorable dollar-peso exchange rate (weaker peso) and higher oil prices in CY2008 contributed likewise to the growth.
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Table 16. Customs Collections Performance Region X: 2004-2009 (in million pesos) Target
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Ann. Ave.
AAGR
1,225
1,570.0
3,111.0
2,343
2,893
4,206
2,558
27.98
1,316.7
2,390.1
1,887.8
2,631.16
3,914.80
3,466.99
2,601.27
21.36
107.5
152.2
60.68
112.3
135.32
82.43
108.41
1,148.1
2,062.3
1,546.31
1,635.94
1,245.17
833.47
1,411.88
-6.20
165.4
325.4
340.49
261.64
469.66
144.99
284.59
-2.60
3.2
2.4
1.04
1.88
9.87
16.12
5.76
37.92
-
731.70
2,190.09
2,472.41
899.03
27.57
Total 1,316.7 2,390.0 1,887.83 Source: Bureau of Customs, Collection District X
2,631.16
3,914.80
3,466.99
2,601.25
21.36
Actual Collection Efficiency (%) Cagayan de Oro Iligan Ozamiz MCT
LGUs are still heavily dependent on the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA). As of 2009, IRA, on the average is around 73 percent of the total local government income compared to the 66.3 percent share in 2004. Nevertheless, the proportion of income from local sources has improved from about 20 percent in 2004 to 25 percent in 2009 indicating that efforts at improving local revenue generation has met some success. Table 17. Share of IRA and Income from Local Sources to Total LGU Income Region X: 2004-2009 Particulars Internal Revenue Allotment Income from Local Sources Source: BLGF-X
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
66.32 19.62
71.39 22.68
76.48 22.56
66.49 20.01
69.74 22.18
72.80 25.03
Table 18. Total LGU Income from Local Sources Region X: 2004-2009 (in thousand pesos) 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
AAGR
Target
1,594,100
1,795,200
2,292,067
2,617,296
2,804,517
2,838,804
12.23
Actual
1,820,651
2,213,413
2,387,127
2,509,504
3,002,018
3,862,562
114.21
123.30
104.15
95.88
107.04
136.06
16.23 132.93 (Ave.)
Actual/Target (%) Source: BLGF-X
Also in 2009, there was an upsurge in income generated from fees and charges by almost three times the 2008 figure or its average level in the past five years, accounting for 29 percent of total income for that year. For the first time in the past six years, income from fees and charges overtook real property as the major income generator for LGUs. Initial evaluation of the Real Property Tax Administration project implemented in years 2007-2008 in 28 municipalities (3rd to 6th class) in the region indicated positive outcomes. Real property units assessed increased by 16 percent over the pre-project implementation figures. Assessed value of these properties went up by 51 percent. The project also established a 45 percent increase in collectibles, as well as caused a 62 percent increase in real property tax collections.
28
Good Governance and Peace and Order
Figure 6. LGU Income by Source (Target and Actual) Region X: 2004-2009 (in pesos)
Source: BLGF-X
Cooperativism The cooperative movement has provided access to capital especially for the small businesses both in the urban areas and in the countryside. Cooperativism in the region has been thriving as indicated by an 82 percent increase in paid-up capital, 80 percent increase in total volume of business, and 80 percent increase in net surplus, in year 2008 over the 2004 figures. This is, however, just a partial approximation coming only from more or less 800 cooperatives that submitted their annual financial reports to CDA. Paid-up capital as of 2008 of these reporting cooperatives was about PhP2.7 billion or an average of PhP4.1 million per cooperative. Total volume of business generated reached PhP8.7 billion generating 4,709 direct employment. Table 19. Selected Data on Cooperatives Region X: 2004-2006 & 2008 2004 No. of Coops 737 Submitted AR/AFS Total Employees 5,901 Total Members 294,238 Paid-Up Capital (PhP) 1,478,580,770.53 Total Volume of 4,848,833,178.02 Business (PhP) Net Surplus (PhP) 372,333,779.91 Source: CDA-X, Local Government Finance
2005
2006
2008
793
849
655
6,207 323,760 1,762,703,748.20
6,265 345,485 1,999,358,554.06
4,709 404,393 2,684,371,648.88
5,832,677,329.06
8,320,765,473.94
8,724,113,571.07
386,072,557.73
432,416,839.61
597,187,938.99
29
LEGEND:
Based on Average Annual Income of LGUs and DOF D.O. 20-05
1st Class (Php50M or more) 2nd Class (Php40M or more but less than Php50M) 3nd Class (Php30M or more but less than Php40M) 4th Class (Php20M or more but less than Php30M) 5th Class (Php10M or more but less than Php20M) 6th Class (Below Php10M)
Good Governance and Peace and Order
Reforms in Budgeting/Procurement/Accounting/Auditing Systems As of 2009, all provinces and cities in the region have operational Government E-Procurement System (G-EPS). Malaybalay City‘s G-EPS has been operational since 2004. The city has also reported implementation of the Electronic New Government Accounting System (E-NGAS), and a barangay accounting system. Pursuant to Local Budget Circular No. 80 and Local Budget Memorandum No. 82, the DBM introduced to the local government units new manuals and supplemental guidelines on local government budget operations, namely: the Updated Budget Operations Manual (UBOM) for provinces, cities and municipalities; and the Budget Operations Manual for Barangays (BOMB) for barangay officials. Budget tracking initiative were also implemented in Misamis Oriental, El Salvador, Gingoog, Malaybalay, Ozamiz and Oroquieta to pursue transparent and accountable governance. LGU Capacity in Accessing ODA and other Financial Sources As earlier noted, the LGUs have remained largely dependent on the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA). With the bulk of the IRA already earmarked for operations and maintenance expenses, only a small amount is left for the delivery of basic social services, much less for infrastructure projects. To capacitate the LGUs in the availment of ODA and other local financial loan facilities for financing development programs, trainings on the preparation of project feasibility studies and project proposals were continually conducted to the technical staff and executives of provinces and cities.
Gender and Development Mainstreaming Progress has been noted as far as mainstreaming of gender is concerned, especially along the implementation of laws protecting women and children. Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, and Iligan City have formulated their GAD Code, while the rest of the LGUs are in the process of formulating their own. GAD orientation/gender sensitivity seminars/trainings were continually conducted for government agencies/LGUs/NGOs and SUCs. Briefings on Republic Act No. 7877 (Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995), and Republic Act No. 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004) and other gender-friendly legislations were conducted by the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) and other GAD partners in the region. Likewise, the CSC conducted seminarworkshops on Administrative Investigation and Anti-Sexual Harassment for members of the Committee on Decorum and Investigation (CODI) of national government agencies and local government units. Women and Children Concerns Desks (WCCD) in LGUs are put in place to handle women and children cases. The DILG recently introduced the new program on barangay human rights entitled ―Accessing Justice through a Gender-Responsive and Child-Friendly Barangay Justice System‖ piloting 10 barangays in the region.
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
The January 2009 flood affected more than 41,000 families and left 22 dead. Disaster Preparedness and Response From 2004 to 2009, there were 1,238 fire incidences recorded costing 55 deaths, 118 injuries and PhP351 million damaged properties.1 Natural disasters from 2005 to 2009, on the other hand, caused 60 deaths, 21 injuries and six missing. The worst disaster that hit the region was in 2009. The tail of the cold front that came early in the year caused floods, storm surges and landslides throughout the region and affected 309,973 persons and damaged almost a billion worth of houses, agricultural properties and public infrastructures (Please refer to Chapter 1 for more detailed assessment of natural disasters). The set of action agenda indicated in the plan was carried out by concerned agencies and stakeholders. Several activities related to disaster preparedness at the local level, including the formulation of the local disaster preparedness plans and community-based trainings on disaster preparedness, were conducted. Local governments continued to promote the organization/operationalization of Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils (BDCC), as well as volunteer fire brigades. Camiguin was able to establish volunteer fire brigades at the barangay, municipal and provincial levels. Malaybalay City has established 117 communication centers with trained personnel and modernized rescue and operation equipment. The city‘s Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Malaybalay Integrated Survey System (MISS) facilitated the Disaster Mapping/Risk Area Profiling. Iligan City, on the other hand, adopted an information system at the traffic management office that maintains a database of all traffic citations for better traffic monitoring.
1
32
Regional Socio-Economic Trends, 2010 and the RDC-X MONITOR, 2010 First Quarter Issue
Good Governance and Peace and Order
The region conducted the 2009 Fire Olympics Competition with Camiguin PDCC Response Group as the overall champion. The said competition brought BFP personnel in the region together, strengthened their camaraderie, and enhanced their skills along firefighting. Seven LGUs in the region garnered the ―Gawad Kalasag‖ awards and Best Disaster Coordinating Councils (BDCCs). Outstanding city disaster council for the year was awarded to Iligan City, which in 2008 had formulated its disaster plan. The city also had four BDCCs and three volunteer groups organized. The Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (MGB) continues to conduct geohazard assessment at the barangay/municipal level which is important in integrating DRR in the LGUs development and land use plans. At the regional level, DRR/CCA orientations/briefings including two major fora were conducted by RDC and RDCC to generate support from local chief executives, heads of national government/regional line agencies, non-government/people‘s organizations, academe and academic institutions and the private sector. In 2009, the RDC-X launched the project ―Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR/CCA) in Local Development Planning and Decision-Making Processes‖. This project aims to capacitate the LGUs in mainstreaming/integrating DRR/CCA into their plans to build safer and resilient communities. This is being implemented by the NEDA with fund support from the UNDP and the AusAID. A supplement to the Guidelines on PLPEM, is the Guidelines on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Sub-national Development and Land Use Physical Planning. Part of the project roll-out is the utilization of these Guidelines by the LGUs in the preparation of their DRR/CCAenhanced Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFPs).
Peace and Order and Public Safety Development cannot thrive in an environment bereft of peace, order and security. The national government's ―Strategic Framework and Action Plan for Inclusive Growth‖2 echoes this truth stating, ―a society that wants to modernize requires peace and order.‖ The document cited the 2003 Poverty Small Area Estimates (PSAE) that more than 50 percent of the top 20 poorest provinces in the country are in Mindanao; two of these (Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental) are in the region, and further linked poverty to the peace and order problem haunting these areas for decades. Communities cannot pursue meaningful social, political, economic, even religious, activities unless their lives and livelihood are secured either from human or natural threats.3 War and natural disasters destroy properties, disrupt livelihoods and displace people. The past planning period dwelt on four strategic areas to maintain public safety and security. These were crime management, pursuit for lasting peace, disposition of justice, and disaster preparedness and response.
2 A Strategic Framework and Action Plan for Inclusive Growth 3 Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
33
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Crime Management Strategies for crime management included mobilizing the community in the anti-crime effort, and professionalizing and modernizing the police and the military. Activities that served to maintain peace and security in the region were the revitalization of Patrol 117 (police hotline), activation of peace and order councils, conduct of seminars on the improvement of peace and order in local communities, and the formulation of Integrated Area Community Public Safety Plans (IACPSP). A major contributory factor to crime prevention and resolution was the establishment of the Barangay Intelligence Network (BIN), a people-based network. A total of 2,484 BINs were established in the region that intensified intelligence monitoring. Coordination with the military and intelligence counterparts in the region complemented the strength of the police force which had a ratio of about 1:1,000 in 2008, twice lower than its target for the plan period of 1:500. Thus, crime volume from 2004-2008 showed a decreasing trend. Total crime volume in the first three quarters of 20094 averaged 6,177 per quarter from only 1,649 in the second quarter to 11,259 in the last quarter. The statistical increase in crime volume did not necessarily mean a worsening situation, but was a result of more efficient and accurate reporting under the new national crime reporting system. Despite the declining trend in crime incidence over the five-year period, crime solution efficiency, however, was decreasing. Based on the new definition of crime solution, crime solution efficiency for 2009 was highest in Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental at 38 percent and 29 percent, respectively. Table 20. Crime Statistics Region X : 2004-2008 Indicator Crime Volume Crime Solved Crime Solution Efficiency (%) Source: PNP-X
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
3,981 3,644 91.53
3,929 3,635 92.52
3,624 3,335 92.03
3,506 3,168 90.36
3,527 3,185 90.30
To support the modernization of law enforcement capabilities, the region has been advocating for the implementation of AFP modernization program and for the bill modernizing the PNP. As of 2009, there were 13 identified criminal gangs operating in the region. With an estimated 145 members, these groups were involved in various crimes from robbery or hold-up and thievery to gun running and drug trafficking.
4 Effective the second quarter of 2009, the Philippine National Police (PNP) adopted a new system of generating and recording data of crime incidents. Under the new system, sources of data have been expanded to include the barangays, NBI, PDEA, BFAR, DENR, DSWD, and other law enforcers in the community. The new system also modified the definition of “crimes solved,” namely, crimes are considered solved after the suspects are identified, evidences collected, warrant of arrest issued, case filed in court, and the suspects already arrested.” Before that, the definition did not include “suspects already arrested.” Thus, data from previous year could not be compared with data gathered using the new system.
34
Good Governance and Peace and Order
Pursuit for Lasting Peace The locally initiated GRP-RPM-M5 peace process has been moving forward and gaining successes since it started in 2003. A formal agreement on the cessation of hostilities was signed in 2005. In 2006, two documents were signed: the Guidelines and Ground Rules for the Implementation and Monitoring of the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities and the Joint Resolution to Further Advance the Gains of the GRP–RPMM Peace Process. Various peace and development activities have already been implemented including infrastructure and livelihood projects in the fifteen barangays of Sultan Naga Dimaporo, Lanao del Norte. Presently, the region is confronted with the communist terrorist movement, the secessionist movement and their breakaway groups. As of third quarter of 2009, the PNP6 reported that Lanao del Norte was affected by both the MoroIslamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the National Democratic Front, with the former getting a stronghold in the province. The latter, on the other hand, still operates in more barangays in Misamis Occidental than in any other province in the region. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Center 7 comprehensively documents the displacements of people worldwide. Its November 2009 report8 on the Philippines revealed that 148,000 people were displaced in the province of Lanao del Norte due to the August 2008 AFP-MILF hostilities. The MILF attacked the municipalities of Kolambugan and Kauswagan, in the said province as a reaction to the botched Memorandum of Agreement on ancestral domain (MOA-AD) that would have created a ―Bangsamoro Juridical Entity‖. Of the 148,000 displaced people, only 52 percent had been accommodated in evacuation centers. Households reporting crop production as a means of livelihood dropped from 92 to 18 percent. Misamis Occidental was not spared. There were 11,000 people displaced, though almost 81 percent were accommodated inside evacuation centers. Fortunately 20,557 families were able to quickly return or resettle as the government and civil society organizations (CSOs) were able to provide various early recovery and rehabilitation projects. To rebuild the lives of these internally displaced persons (IDPs), peace and development communities (PDC)9 had been established. Fifty PDCs had been created in Lanao del Norte by the end of 2008. Still, as of August 2009, 260 families in LDN have been displaced.
5 Government of the Republic of the Philippines-Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Mindanao Peace Process. http://www.balaymindanaw.org/grprpmm/about.html 6 PNP Regional Office No. 10 3rd Quarter 2009 Report 7 The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre was established in 1998 by the Norwegian Refugee Council, the leading international body monitoring conflictinduced internal displacement worldwide. http://www.internal-displacement.org. 8 IDMC-NRC. “PHILIPPINES: Cycle of conflict and neglect: Mindanao's displacement and protection crisis. A profile of the internal displacement situation,” 5 November, 2009 9 Act for Peace Programme, http://www.actforpeace.ph/communities/western mindanao.htm
35
Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
Other projects were likewise forged by the local government of Lanao del Norte with CSOs operating in the province. Nine infrastructure projects were completed through the help of the Growth with Equity in Mindanao (GEM) from solar driers to trading centers and foot bridges. In the middle of 2010, there were 808 more families expected to avail of 55 core shelters, health stations, day care centers, livelihood development support, and seminars relating to ―Culture of Peace,‖ Islamic leadership and governance, United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (UNGPID) and disaster risk reduction, which cost almost P12 million. Table 21. Early Recovery and Rehabilitation Projects for Internally Displaced Persons (as of May 2010) Project /Program/Activities
Number of Beneficiaries
Relief goods 5,651 families Supplementary feeding 8,305 children Medicines 5,869 families Psychosocial services and therapy 12,528 adults and children for trauma healing Temporary shelters 1,094 families Construction of core shelters 641 units Level 1 water systems 90 Level 2 water systems 14 Source: ACT for Peace, http://www.actforpeace.ph
Project /Program/Activities Barangay Health Stations Mini-pharmacies for the barangays Integrated health and nutrition program Farm inputs and fishing gears Community enterprise for IDP women Play areas Grassroots-based peace building dialogs
The violent incidents and similar hostilities made almost simultaneously in some areas in Mindanao caused consular offices in the country to issue advisories against travelling to Mindanao. This placed the region in the hotspot and the distorted perception that the whole of Region X was not secured, was provided with evidence. While the atrocity and the travel advisories did not impact significantly on the economy of the region10, the fact remains that lives were lost and thousands of families were displaced from their homes and their livelihood11. This threat—real or otherwise—of insurgency and secession perpetuated by the communist guerrillas and the Moro rebels, respectively, more than the crimes attendant to growth in population, continue to be the major constraints to the region‘s sustained development.
Disposition of Justice Injustice is one issue that triggers another crime or results to armed struggle. Thus, a just and speedy resolution of cases is just as critical as law enforcement as a deterrent. Of the 166 cases of human rights violation recorded from 2004 to 2008, there were 125 terminated, 11 more were archived, and only eight were filed.12 Number of indigent litigants served reached 21,011. Improving the barangay justice system and increasing public access to justice especially by the marginalized were the strategies identified to ensure speedy disposition of cases and equal
36
10
Quarterly Regional Economic Situationer, Third Quarter 2008 and Annual 2008
11
Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC). Cycle of conflict and neglect: Mindanao's displacement and protection crisis, November 2009
12
Regional Socio-Economic Trends
Good Governance and Peace and Order
protection under the law. To this end, a Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration and Penalty Guide for Punong Barangays and Pangkat members were introduced to the lupon. Likewise, trainings on the barangay human rights program were also conducted for the Lupong Tagapamayapa. Local governments actively participated in the Lupong Tagapamayapa Incentive Awards Program, producing 11 winners. Two were national awardees, namely, barangay Tubod (Iligan City) as ―Most Outstanding Lupon‖ in the Philippines, and barangay Bugo (Cagayan de Oro City) as 2nd runner up.
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Governance The conditions for economic growth and investments are directly related to the capacity and credibility of governing institutions. Efficient, accessible and responsive public institutions build a sustainable platform for public confidence, community participation and create an effective vehicle for public and private partnerships. While governance covers a wide range of activities, its focus during the plan period entails enhancing the efficiency and transparency of government services and interventions for the common good; reducing corruption; enhance capacity-building; mainstreaming of major development concepts/norms such as human rights, GAD, DRR/CCA, sustainable development among others; resource mobilization; community participation/empowerment; volunteerism; focus targeting and provision of social safety nets.
Improve government procedures and develop human resource to reduce occasions for corruption and bring violators to justice A major challenge for the region includes sustaining the high growth path that it has experienced, but was impeded by the worldwide financial crisis in 2007-2008. Good governance and observance of the rule of law contribute to the economic rebound by strengthening investor confidence. The region‘s tremendous growth potential may be realized if investors are attracted, and would likely sustain their operations because of favorable investment climate fuelled by good governance. Priority activities in fighting corruption are: a) improving efficiency in resolving corruption cases brought to the legal and judicial system and carrying out sanctions against violators; b) establishing well-defined and implementable rules and procedures in transacting with government, such as those prescribed in the Government Procurement Reform Act (R.A. No. 9184); and c) professionalizing the career civil service. The region can support legislation that will insulate from political intervention the filling up of government positions, and reduce the scope of political appointments.
Strengthen democratic processes thru continuing education, inclusive participation, cooperativism, and volunteerism Stable and credible democratic processes strengthen investors‘ confidence. While Northern Mindanao is not known for massive protest actions, it has experienced sporadic incidents of dissent from indigenous peoples and outlawed members of MILF, which are manifestations of issues that were not successfully resolved through legitimate venues. Pre-empting these incidents may be done through expanding opportunities and venues for participation by the private sector (CSOs, NGOs, POs) in various development endeavors. As a guiding principle in planning, participation ensures that all points of view are taken into consideration. It also recognizes that the private sector is the real engine of growth.
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Regional Development Plan, 2011-2016
To enhance political stability is the conduct of persistent and continuous voters education. This is certainly a challenging task as long as many voters would rather give priority to satisfying immediate survival needs during election time, and not really pay attention to issues or platform of governance or past performance of incumbent officials. Ensuring adequate safeguards to the integrity of the next elections whether automated or manual is a worthy policy to pursue for the purpose of enhancing political stability and electing the best qualified officials. Foster the creation and functionality of cooperatives as a practical vehicle for promoting self-reliance and harnessing people power towards the attainment of economic development and social justice shall be continuously undertaken. Likewise, greater participation and involvement through volunteerism from among the people is also seen as a significant strategy that will bring collective efforts in the attainment of development goals and objectives. Thus, dynamic partnership among the government, the private sector and the community, through the complementation, maximization and integration of efforts and resources shall be strengthened. Through volunteerism, talents, expertise, time and energies will have to be tapped and mobilized to ensure cost-effective and appropriate resource sharing in the provision of technical assistance, delivery of social services, undertaking humanitarian efforts, and responding to disasters, among others.
Ensure mainstreaming of the following in various development planning processes: Gender and Development, Population and Development, Human Rights Based Approach, Disaster Risk Reduction/Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development Concepts Providing more equitable access to opportunities aligns with the region‘s challenge of reducing poverty and income inequality. The capacities of people, especially of the disadvantaged, need to be expanded. The mainstreaming of GAD, PopDev, HRBA, DRR/CCA and SD, among others in the various planning processes ensures that the concerns of the vulnerable groups are prioritized. These require a lot of painstaking analysis of data and ability to arrive at appropriate recommendations for redress or for taking advantage of opportunities. These are ―soft skills‖ that need to be learned and developed by project and development planners and implementers especially at the local level.
Improve taxation and fiscal management The high level of current needs in all aspects of development due to population increase and rising expectations brought about by the availability and rapid changes of information and communications technology increase the pressure for LGUs to deliver quality and comprehensive services. LGUs shall have the capacity to mobilize resources and maximize their taxing powers. The tax effort in the region (BIR and BOC collections combined as percentage of GRDP) averaging at around 10 percent in recent years, needs to at least approximate if not exceed the national level. The IRA, while expected to increase along with increased revenue collection and as the economy grows, should be augmented by income from local sources. More LGUs should wean themselves from IRA dependency and exercise their mandated authority to raise revenues from local sources. The ability of LGUs to mobilize local resources may be taken as a core indicator of good governance. Moreover, LGUs should strive to be creditworthy and able to access funds from official development assistance (ODA) facilities. The current thrust of Public Private Partnership (PPP) for infrastructure development is an opportunity for expanding the scope of LGU funding. The LGUs should take a
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facilitative role in expanding access to credit of micro and small businesses in their locality provided by existing laws and in encouraging the development of cooperatives. The need to rationalize the criteria for internal revenue allocation should lead towards making the sharing scheme an incentive for LGUs to work harder in improving local governance and achieving genuine local autonomy.
Improve local investment programming through the PLPEM guidelines and the Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 2007 on the Guidelines on the Harmonization of Local Planning, Investment Programming, Revenue Administration, Budgeting and Expenditure Management The effectiveness of development programs starts with the identification of programs and projects that respond to the needs of the population as reflected in the regional and local development plans. For this purpose, there is a need to improve local investment programming, using the PLPEM guidelines and JMC No. 1, s.2007 at the regional and local levels. To assure continuity of programs and optimization of resources, local government executives need to expand the time frame of their investment programming from three short years coinciding with their term of office to at least six years to coincide with the regular medium term planning. The Investment Programming and Revenue Generation Guidebook should include a legal mandate for the preparation of six-year investment program. Continuous improvement of program/project management is needed at the regional and local levels.
Improve the effectiveness and targeting of social safety nets Providing more equitable access to opportunities is facilitated when reliable data exist that allow precise targeting of beneficiaries especially of programs providing social safety nets and even disaster relief. Community-based data gathering and monitoring tools such as the CBMS should be fully developed and utilized in all LGUs. The results of the NHTS-PR shall also be used for focused targeting of poverty reduction programs.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) For the plan period, it shall adhere and call for the full implementation of the Republic Act 10121 ―Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010,‖ as well as the Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA 9729). Both laws seek to adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socio-economic and environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local community. Moreover, Executive Order No. 888 signed on June 7, 2010 ―Adopting the Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP) for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2009-2019 and Institutionalizing DRR‖ laid down 18 priority programs and projects towards building communities resilient to natural disasters through active engagement with stakeholders at all levels of governance.
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Peace and Order and Public Safety Consistent with the present administration‘s goal to create a sustainable development for reform along justice, peace, and security13, Region X aims to attain a more peaceful, orderly and secured environment with empowered, resilient and productive communities. The proposed National Security Plan identified four pillars to achieve lasting peace, namely: a) delivery of basic services; b) economic reconstruction and sustainable development; c) security sector reform; and d) good governance. Delivery of basic services is essential in achieving lasting peace as one of the major causes of dissention is neglect and exclusion from government of these services required for meaningful human existence. In conflict-affected areas where lives and livelihoods are lost, rehabilitation and reconstruction have to be undertaken to rebuild communities and be able to contribute to the growth and development of the nation. Reforming the security sector involves restoring the trust and integrity of the law enforcers—those who vow to protect our lives and properties. A more disciplined and capable security force is vital to security and sustainable peace and order. Lastly, as the country is built on democratic principles it is imperative that institutions promote the needed values like accountability, fairness, justice and the like, to strengthen people‘s faith in the democratic processes and preclude any form of dissatisfaction, restiveness or disorder that will threaten peace and security. As this framework employs an inclusive approach to the just resolution of conflicts and the maintenance of security, the region adopts and works within these four pillars. Governance in this respect involves administration of justice. The strategies set out in this chapter are expected to bring about the following outcomes: a) economically sustainable and empowered, peaceful, orderly and secured communities; b) regained respect, integrity and high morale of the police and the military; c) more confidence towards the judiciary and the justice system; and d) more prepared and resilient communities against humaninduced and natural hazards.
Basic services and economic reconstruction Sustain the initiatives in providing recovery and rehabilitation activities There are still a few more families displaced from the recent armed hostilities. The recovery and rehabilitation efforts undertaken both by government agencies and non-governmental organizations need to be continued to help these people fully regain their dignity as people living in peaceful communities.
13 The President’s Social Contract with the Filipino People
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Implement more focused, integrated, direct anti-poverty intervention through convergence of activities To effectively and efficiently deliver basic services to the IDPs, and to ensure more impact of intended programs, a more focused approach should be adopted. The Kapit-bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) and the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) need to be enhanced particularly on targeting intended beneficiaries. Sustain the “culture of peace� initiatives to once conflict-affected communities After an experience in terror, communities once affected by armed conflict deserve to live in peace and harmony; and to sustain such condition in perpetuity by implementing programs that promote non-violence, equality, human rights, tolerance, and sustainable socioeconomic development. The PAMANA (Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan) approach serves as the platform for convergence and people-powered response to the situation in conflict-affected areas in coordination with key service delivery agencies of government, and in partnership with people‘s organizations, local peace advocates and international partners. Continue social integration of former rebel combatants and their families Former rebels and their families must be provided with utmost support for them to recover their faith in the democratic processes and be fully reintegrated into the society. This gesture is an indication that the government is sincere in its effort to help these communities rise above their present predicament and is a step towards attracting adherents to peaceful means of resolving conflicts and winning the peace.
Security sector reform Provide a more adequate picture of the public safety and security, and, peace and order situation Quarterly data on peace and order situation include only the volume of crimes by types, whether index or non-index. Regular and timely information related to illegal drug use, human trafficking, human rights violations, terrorism and the like are still wanting. Capacitate LGUs, POCs, local communities and civil society groups to make neighborhoods safe One of the security pillars of society is the community. The organization of community-based intelligence or peacekeeping network has proven to be effective in deterring or solving crimes. Besides, along with the LGU and the local peace and order councils, these groups have to be capacitated on conflict management and peace-building. Ensure peace and order and public safety especially in highly urbanized centers The urban center is the heart of socio-economic activities. This is where people converge; this is where the action is. A slight disturbance on peace in these areas sends shocks and ripples far and wide. A failure in security sends a chilling message to the peripheral areas which would become more vulnerable to the imminent threat. Ensuring the safety of these areas is, thus, critical to maintaining a sense of security throughout the region. Promote the rights-based policy in law enforcement Law enforcers are in the middle of the issue of human rights violations. From the point of view of the victims, the enforcers become the violators and crime perpetrators themselves.
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Develop transformational leaders The Philippine National Police understands that in order to win the fight against criminality it must also win the hearts of the people it seeks to protect. Posed with this challenge, the institution came up with a program that seeks to reform the security force and develop leaders who will transform the institution from within. Support the PNP legislative agenda on institutional development To support its vision of transforming the police sector, the PNP promotes for the enactment of the following legislation: PNP Reorganizational Bill, Comprehensive Firearms Bill and PNP Modernization Bill.
Good Governance Speedy and efficient administration of justice Justice delayed is justice denied, it is said. A speedy and efficient legal process will positively reflect on the judiciary and the whole of the judicial system, thus gains the confidence of the people towards the courts.
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III. RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX
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Chapter 3: Access, Logistics, and Other Infrastructure Services Paving the Way for Greater Mobility and Connectivity
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES The infrastructure sector contributed significantly in stimulating economic growth and in mobilizing private sector investments to support the growing requirements of all sectors of the economy in Region X. However, the increasing demand for adequate, reliable and efficient physical infrastructure support facilities and utilities has been among one of the greatest challenges of the region.
Transportation Road development in the region is still a major concern. As of December 2009, the region has a total road network of 22,078.166 kilometers, which comprised about eight percent national roads and 92 percent local roads. Of the total 1,701.322 kilometers of national roads, about 69 percent (1,180.542 km.) are paved. The remaining 31 percent (520.780 km.) are still graveled which are mostly located in the province of Bukidnon. The total length of national roads increased slightly by one percent annually from 1,623 kilometers in 2004. The total paved road has increased by 3.7 percent annually for the period 2004-2009. For the local provincial roads in the region, only 12 percent (312.810 km.) are paved while 88 percent (2,640.528 km.) are either graveled or earth road. Majority of the graveled or earth roads are in the provinces of Misamis Oriental (831.390 km.) and Bukidnon (753.190 km.). The improvement of the physical conditions of local provincial and barangay roads remains a major challenge to local governments. The allotment for road maintenance has to compete with other sector development concerns in the LGUs‘ limited internal revenue allotment (IRA). Table 22. Roads and Bridges Length Inventory Region X: As of 31 December 2009 (In kilometers) National
Province/City Bukidnon Camiguin Lanao del Norte Mis. Occidental Misamis Oriental Cagayan de Oro Regional Total
Roads
Bridges
Total
724.901 63.536 306.350 224.437 302.730 79.3680 1,701.322
3.617 0.627 2.319 2.168 4.650 1.092 14.474
728.518 64.163 308.670 226.605 307.380 80.460 1,715.796
Local Road*
Total
Land Area (sq. km.)
7,258.780 428.910 5,235.900 2,821.839 3,914.801 702.140 20,362.370
7,987.298 493.073 5,544.570 3,048.444 4,222.181 782.600 22,078.166
10,498.590 291.870 3,824.790 2,055.220 3,102.900 412.800 20,186.170
Road Density (km./ sq. m.) 0.761 1.689 1.450 1.483 1.361 1.896 1.094
* Local road includes, provincial, municipal, city and barangay roads Source: DPWH-X, RPFP: 2004-2030
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Several portions of the existing strategic roads network in Region X are either already overloaded or will experience overloading in a couple of years. Traffic congestion is evident in Cagayan de Oro and in other major cities of the region. Overloading hastens the deterioration of the roads and compromises safety of the passengers and other road users. Moreover, farm to market roads (FMRs) linking production areas to market centers are inadequate or inaccessible, with only six percent of the total length of 14,121 kilometers are paved. Figure 7. Container Traffic (in TEUs) Mindanao Container Terminal, PHIVIDEC
Figure 8. Distribution and Classification of Airports
The region‘s airports have limited capacity and cannot accommodate wide bodied aircrafts. The location of the Cagayan de Oro Lumbia Airport poses high-risk for take-off and landing of aircrafts, especially during bad weather which often caused cancellation of flights. This situation reinforces the need to fast track the implementation of the Laguindingan International Airport in Misamis Oriental. Meanwhile, the major seaports in the region provide additional and improved accessibility and mobility to the public and business sectors. To make these ports more efficient and effective, various ports development initiatives are being undertaken such as enhancing berthing facilities and providing additional seaport facilities to handle increasing volume of cargoes and ship calls. Moreover, harnessing the full potential of international seaport in the region, such as the Mindanao Container Terminal (MCT) is crucial. The MCT is not maximized because shippers from Bukidnon and Cotabato prefer to ship thru Davao due to unfavorable geometric structure or design of roads (accident prone especially for trailers/cargo trucks).
Power and Electrification The power generation efficiency of the region has decreased by 16.4 percent from 92 percent in 2004 to only 75.7 percent in 2009. The decline in the efficiency was caused by the non-operation of the 44.80 MW Iligan Diesel Power Plant II and the diminished dependable capacity of hydroelectric power plants due to vulnerability to drought, siltation, and wear and tear over the years. Climate change likewise affected the dependable capacities of the hydro power plants as temperature within the watershed areas increased and rainfall pattern changes. The declining forest cover contributed to the increase in temperature within the watershed areas.
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The Mindanao power peak demand grew from 1,049 to 1,390 megawatts or an increase of 5.8 percent over five years (2004-2009). The DOE projected that the Mindanao peak demand would increase from 1,049 megawatts in 2004 to 1,864 megawatts in 2013 or a projected growth rate of 6.6 percent. In Region X, the power peak demand grew by 3.5 percent from 391 megawatts in 2005 to 464 megawatts in 2009. With the increasing economic activities and expected influx of major industries, there is a need for more investments along power generation. Of the target 1,118 megawatts of additional power capacity, only 19 percent (211 megawatts) was added in the generation capacity of Northern Mindanao within the period 2004-2009. In terms of number of power generation projects, two of the ten indicative projects were completed within the plan period. The investment for power generation is now vested with the private sector as mandated by the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) of 2001. The lack of private sector interest to put up the identified additional capacities in Mindanao is a critical factor that contributed to the power crisis experienced in 2010. This can be attributed to regulatory uncertainties, bureaucratic delays, creditworthiness of offtakers and peace and order situation in some areas. Along power transmission, the Agus 2-Kibawe and Abaga-Tagoloan 138 kV lines are the main corridors currently connecting the Agus complex to the Mindanao grid. The tripping of the Agus 2-Kibawe line in the past due to bombing incidents had resulted in huge power swing to the other corridors, one of which is the Pulangi-Kibawe line, resulting in N-1 loading violation. The ongoing implementation of the Abaga-KirahonMaramag-Bunawan transmission line projects will address the problem on power swing. With this 230 kV-designed corridor, which extends from the Agus hydro complex in the north to the Bunawan substation in the southeast, the huge hydro capacity of Agus (about 38% of the total grid) will have a reliable backbone to allow the delivery of its output to the major load centers located in Transmission Towers, Maramag-Bunawan Southern Mindanao (about half of the island‘s total demand). Security problem, as what has been experienced in the bombing of Agus 2Kibawe and other installations, remains a serious concern.
Communications In 2009, the number of equipped telephone lines in Region X was 148,206, decreasing by 4.42 percent annually over the past five years. About 48 percent of equipped telephone lines were subscribed, leaving 77,118 equipped telephone lines still open to subscription. As of fourth quarter 2009, the region has a telephone density of 3.75 lines per 100 persons for equipped telephone lines, but only 1.80 lines per 100 persons for subscribed telephones. Wider accessibility of the cellular phones remained a key factor that kept the subscription rate of equipped telephone lines low and decreasing. The region was able to provide favorable conditions for the telecommunication companies to install additional and dispersed cellular towers/facilities
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with an average annual increase of 15 percent during the period, 2005-2009. The number of cellular sites in the region reached 514 as of December 2009 with Globe Telecom covering 46.1 percent, followed by Smart (36.2 %) and Digitel (17.7 %). While reforms in the telecommunication sector have resulted in the installation of additional and dispersed cellular towers and increase of available lines and service providers, the benefits are felt mainly in the major cities of the region. There is still low connectivity in rural areas due to limited telecommunication facilities. Further, it is still a challenge for the telephone companies in the region to increase the number of telephone lines interconnected to various service providers particularly in urban areas to remedy failed cross calls especially during peak hours. Figure 9. Level of Irrigation Development Region X: As of December 2009
Figure 10. Proportion of Households by Level of Water Supply Region 10, 2008
Water Resources Development The present irrigation system provides water to only 46 percent of the total potential irrigable area of 123,272 hectares. The lack of irrigation facilities is very pronounced in areas with great potential for agricultural production such as Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte which still have 49,411 and 6,833 hectares of unserved irrigable land, respectively. There is a need to provide a comprehensive irrigation development package that would include farmer‘s assistance for land conversion and institutional development for irrigators‘ association. Poor flood control and drainage system and heavy siltation in rivers and creeks increased the flood hazard and vulnerability of the region. Hence, the construction and improvement of drainage canals and flood control measures should be prioritized in the budget of the LGUs and DPWH. Disaster risk reduction should also be mainstreamed in the improvement of flood control and drainage system, especially in highly susceptible areas. In CY 2008, the proportion of the total households in the region which have access to potable water supply reached 88 percent. Reducing the 94,969 households or about 12 percent of the total household population with doubtful sources or unsafe water supply is still a concern to address. The problem is most evident in Lanao del Norte, Camiguin and Bukidnon which posted at 68.9, 10.8 and 10.1 percent, respectively.
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Social Infrastructure From 2004 to 2009, the DPWH constructed a total of 790 classrooms with total expenditures of about PhP 340.107 million. The total number of classroom constructed fell short from the plan target of 200 classrooms per year or a total of 1,200 classrooms over six years. The total classroom backlog as of SY 2009-2010 already reached 2,156. Figure 11. Number of Classrooms Constructed Region X: 2004-2009
Source: DPWH – X RPMES Reports/MIS Database
For health facilities, the region has a total of 1,028 barangay health stations (BHS), 95 municipal health centers (MHC) and 109 hospitals as of December 2009. In terms of ratio to population, one BHS serves 4,060 persons, one MHC to 43,338 persons and a hospital bed to 974 persons. Thus, there is a need for additional construction of MHCs to contribute to the improved accessibility to health services since the existing MHC to population ratio of 1:43,338 is far below the standard ratio of 1 MHC to 20,000 population.
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK As the backbone of the region‘s development, adequate and efficient logistics system, integrated intermodal transportation system, and infrastructure support and services are crucial in enhancing access and capacity for the efficient and economic movement of people, goods, services and information. The establishment of the Mindanao Container Terminal (MCT) in PHIVIDEC paves the industrial trade development in the region. The operation of the Laguindingan Airport in 2012 shall also boost trade and services, and other economic activities in the region. Other complementary and support infrastructure facilities shall also flourish which could translate to the creation of more jobs and investments in the region. In asserting the role of Northern Mindanao as the gateway and industrial core and trade center in the South, among the key strategies that shall be pursued along infrastructure development are: Maximize utilization of the MCT; operation of the Laguindingan Airport by 2012; and push for the establishment of the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Corridor (CIC) Mindanao Railway to support the full development of the Cagayan-Iligan Industrial and Trade Corridor;
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Complete construction of ongoing bridge projects along national roads and prioritize upgrading of national and local roads to address traffic congestion, improve safety in urban centers, and enhance linkage between growth centers and strategic tourism destinations; Development and continuing improvements of logistics system and transport infrastructure (i.e., land, sea and air), through private sector engagement, as well as public and private partnership (PPP), to better link the region‘s economy to the rest of Mindanao, as well as to Luzon and Visayas; Prioritize construction/maintenance/rehabilitation of local roads and farm-to-market roads linking production areas to processing and market centers to boost agri-business ventures; Establish an efficient agri-business logistics system (e.g., farm-to-market roads and postharvest facilities) to strengthen exports, as well as hasten distribution of agriculture products to domestic markets outside the region; Improve the level of irrigation development to attain self-sufficiency and surplus production in rice; Improve the communication connectivity and enhance the ICT subsector which are among the key targets under MDG No. 8 of developing a global partnership for development; Improve a) power generation system through private sector investments (including renewable energy projects) and by enhancing capacities of hydro power plants through sustained forest protection, enforcement of forest laws and plantation establishments, and proper watershed management; b) power transmission system and; c) distribution systems to ensure stable and quality supply of energy to drive dynamic and sustainable development; Improve household level of electrification towards a better quality of life especially in the rural areas; and All infrastructure development shall comply with quality and safety standards and with the accessibility law (BP344). Key infrastructure development strategies along social development are also identified to support the national strategy of equalizing access to development opportunities as follows: Provide people access to safe, adequate and sustainable water supply which is a basic human right and one of the key targets under MDG No.7 of halving by 2015 the proportion of population without sustainable access to safe drinking water; and Construction of disaster-resilient classrooms and health facilities through PPP as key elements for inclusive growth Finally, infrastructure support to manage/reduce disaster risks and adapt to climatic changes shall be undertaken by preventing and mitigating natural disasters such as flooding through the establishment of flood control and drainage systems, thus ensuring sustainable development of the region.
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III. Results Evaluation and Monitoring Matrix
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Chapter 4: Trade, Industry and Tourism Unleashing its resources and potentials
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES Both the industry and services sectors posted accelerated growths from 2.0 percent in 2004 to 8.6 percent in 2007 for the industry sector and from 6.3 percent to 8.1 percent for the services sector during the same period. Even with the positive performance, these sectors were not spared from the global financial crisis. Growth rates plunged in 2009 to as low as 3.1 percent and 1.7 percent for the industry and services sectors, respectively. The high growth of industry and services sector in 2007 lessened the impact of the global financial crisis on the region‘s economy. Thus, up to 2009, despite the declining growth rates, GVA of the industry and services sectors continued to gradually rise. Between 2007 and 2009, the services sector continually contributed the biggest share to the region‘s economy, although the industry sector ranked behind the agriculture, fishery and forestry sector. With a combined average share of 69 percent for the same period, it is notable that the region‘s economy is largely fueled by its industry and services sectors. Despite these gains, more concerted efforts have to be undertaken to ensure that the region attains its potential for economic growth. In general, there is still a strong need to improve Northern Mindanao‘s image as a viable investment destination attracting both foreign and local investors, as well as, encourage more tourists and visitors. Thus, local administration and governance has to be strengthened to respond to concerns on red tape and procedural hassles, which are serious deterrents to potential investors.
Investments and Entrepreneurship Development On the overall, entry of investments to the region was slow during the previous plan period. The value of DTI-monitored investments from 2004 to 2009 totaled PhP97.62 billion, which was only 73 percent of the plan target. The annual growth rate was negative 4.6 percent. Also, there were notable decreases of investment inflows from 2007-2009, an indication of low investor confidence and slower business expansions. Over the six-year period, the bulk of investments was classified as agriculture-based, covering 22 percent of the regional total. This was closely followed by infrastructure and services with a 20 percent share, and trading with 15.5 percent share. There were evident shifts in the sectoral distribution of investments every year, indicating changes in business priorities. The need for local government units to actively generate investments was also felt during the period. To date, there are only 14 LGUs with investment incentives codes and only six functional investment promotion units in the region. To deal with the decreasing entry of investments for large industries as monitored by DTI, the region looked inward for investments through the campaign of developing the micro, small and medium enterprises.
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A rise in the number of MSMEs was evident during the plan period, surpassing the target by 29 percent at 9,609 new MSMEs developed. These MSMEs also provided a total of 204,484 new jobs which was more than double the target of 95,356. Gross domestic sales during the period was PhP2.76 billion, surpassing the target of PhP2 billion by 38 percent. Even with these gains, the growth potential of MSMEs is still hampered by lack of competitiveness. This indicates the need to intensify the provision of business counseling services, provision of skills/productivity/managerial/entrepreneurship trainings, integrated product development and marketing assistance. The amount of loans released to MSMEs was only PhP233.95 million or 47 percent of the plan target. This implies that most MSMEs assisted by the DTI had opted not to fully avail of the approved maximum loan amount by the GFIs. In addition, there were loan releases made only a year after its approval, thereby contributing to the disparity between amount of loan approved and amount of loan released per year. In general, access to financing remained to be minimal. In addition, there is low availment of loans due to the inability of MSMEs to comply with documentary and/or collateral requirements and the high minimum loanable amount offered by GFIs.
Exports Development and Promotion Exports remained strong throughout the previous plan period, except in year 2009 when it fell below target, and posted the highest annual decline at 41 percent. Total regional exports over the five-year period amounted to USD3.27 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 6.6 percent. However, there are still areas needing urgent interventions especially along reducing the cost of doing business, enterprise support, enabling business environment, infrastructure and logistics. Among the difficulties cited by exporters were high freight cost, cumbersome export procedures and informal fees that add to their cost and undermine their competitiveness. Added to this is the lack of market information particularly on the foreign buyers, their products of interests, market guides, and market requirements by potential markets, pricing mechanisms and other export-related information. Another related concern is the need to improve product quality and address the high cost of packaging materials that usually affect the competitiveness of the product. In the area of product quality assurance and standardization, the region has very limited laboratory facilities to carry out various tests required by industries. Tourism Development With its rich natural endowments, varied cultural heritage, good climatic conditions (outside the typhoon belt), people‘s natural aptitude for music, arts, hospitality and entertainment and good pool of human resource, Northern Mindanao can compete and win along tourism development. The performance of the tourism sector, with total tourist arrival rising from 701,266 in 2004 to 1,048,662 in 2009, indicates the region‘s strong potential to become a major tourist destination in the country. Although the country‘s approach along tourism development is complementation of
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various tourist attractions and destinations, the region still needs to harness its tourism potentials to become a leading ecotourism destination in the South14. Table 23. Tourist Arrivals Region X: 2004-2009 Types of Tourists Domestic Foreign Total AGR (%)
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
676,568 24,698 701,266
678,210 29,597 707,807 0.93
854,031 39,040 893,071 26.2
1,355,104 41,226 1,396,330 56.4
998,429 41,933 1,040,362 -25.5
999,701 48,961 1,048,662 0.8
Total 5,562,043 225,455 5,787,498
% Share 96.10 3.90 100
Source: DOT-X
The promotion of adventure tourism packages, upgrading of major entry points to key tourist destinations and participation to domestic and international expositions have enticed more tourists to come to the region and contributed to the 174 percent accomplishment over the RDP 2004-2009 target of 3.3 million visitors. However, the region still needs to develop potential ecotourism areas to benefit from the growing global interest on ecotourism. Concerted efforts are also required to make festivals and key tourist destinations unique, highlighting the local culture and indigenous arts and activities, making these destinations more attractive to visitors. Moreover, there is still a need to urge private sector investments along putting-up needed facilities and services to widen participation in tourism development in the localities. Data from 2004-2009 revealed an almost double increase of foreign tourist arrival in the region from 24,698 in 2004 to 48,961 in 2009. Majority of these travelers came from the USA, Japan and Korea, while sizable growths were registered from Saudi Arabia, Canada, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. More foreign visitors are expected to come to the region when the international standard Laguindingan Airport will operate in 2012. Thus, necessary preparations shall be undertaken to respond to the foreseen growth and demand for tourism-related services and facilities in the area. One of the anticipated growths in major activities is along MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions) tourist segment which has shown substantial improvements in the past six years. A total of 18,320 events were held in the region in the previous plan period registering 1,625,533 event delegates. However, average hotel occupancy rate from 2004-2009 is only 60.1 percent. The region shall further encourage longer stay of tourists in the area. Specifically, the province of Lanao del Norte shall capitalize on the availability of major sports and convention facility to attract major conventions and national sports activities. At present, the facility is still largely underutilized. Another contributory factor to the overall performance of the tourism industry is the adoption of the tourism hub expansion concept. This concept clusters major attractions into major hubs and positions collective attractions towards complementing themes, thereby providing diverse tour
14 Regional Tourism Master Plan, 1997-2010
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packages for tourists and enticing visitors for ―repeat visits‖ or to lengthen their stay. The positive response displayed by tourists to this concept requires the provision of more organized tours and development of hubs to further encourage more tourist arrivals, particularly in Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental. Shown in Table 24 are issues/challenges confronting Region X tourism hubs. Table 24. Issues and Challenges Confronting Region X Tourism Hubs Tourism Hub
Tourism Hub 1 (Coastal Corridor) –Cagayan de Oro City , Misamis Oriental, Iligan and Lanao del Norte
Tourism Hub No. 2 (Hinterland Corridor) Magsaysay, Gingoog City & Claveria and Tourism Hub No. 3 (Nature‘s Loop) – Camiguin Tourism Hub No. 4 (Adventure Block) and Tourism Hub No. 5 (Eco-Cultural Route) Cagayan de Oro- Bukidnon Tourism Hub No. 6 (Nature‘s Circuit) Ozamiz and Misamis Occidental
Tourism Hub No. 7 (Agri-Aqua-Cultural Path) Lanao del Norte
Issues/Challenges Need to enhance advocacy on protected areas developed as ecotourism sites Improper management of eco-tourism destinations Need to give priority attention to areas with great potential for tourism (caves, completion of convention center) Need to maximize utilization of sports and convention facility in Lanao del Norte Improve tourism transport services Need to enhance accessibility of the different attractions and waterfalls in Iligan City Lack of aggressive promotion activities Lack or inadequate tourism facilities Limited accessibility due to non-availability of airlines serving Camiguin Lack of participation of indigenous peoples in ecotourism development Inadequate infrastructure support facilities to tourism Untapped tourism potentials of the province Lack/limited aggressive promotion on the area‘s rich tourism destinations Limited accessibility due to limited flights and airlines serving Ozamiz City Airport Lack/limited aggressive promotion on the area’s rich tourism destinations Negative perception on the peace and order situation particularly in Lanao del Norte which is deterrent to the tourism industry
To become competitive, the region shall continuously improve the quality of its tourism facilities and services. There is still minimal number of establishments (75) that are accredited by the Department of Tourism throughout the region. Moreover, the region lacks affordable and standard complementary products such as local souvenirs, wellness and health-related services and other tourism-related commodities that will help increase the income of local MSMEs and service providers.
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Given that the industry and services sectors comprised the bulk of economic activities, the region shall focus its efforts towards improving the productivity and sustaining the competitiveness of these sectors. Increasing the attractiveness of the region for businesses and industries is seen as a critical step in sustaining the gains of economic growth, which shall redound to the creation of more
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jobs, generation of more exports receipts, entry of new domestic and foreign investments, and arrival of more tourists and visitors to the region.
Investments and Entrepreneurship Development In the next six years, the region‘s strategy is anchored on improving productivity and competitiveness to increase investments and develop entrepreneurship. Transforming the industries and MSMEs to be competitive shall not only require government intervention but also private sector involvement and initiatives. Building up competitiveness of local business players involves the following: a) firm-level resiliency against crisis; b) lower price advantage; c) over-all product and process improvement resulting in higher productivity; and d) high marketability of products. On the part of the government, competitiveness means more entry of investments that shall create jobs, increase local taxes collections and promote the general well-being of the populace through putting in place set of institutions, policies and factors that increase the level of productivity. Overall, this means efforts and funding shall be directed toward investments promotion, enhancing the operations of MSMEs, supporting the growth of priority industries, and improving the operational environment for MSMEs. Below are the corresponding priority strategic actions.
Investments Promotion and Facilitation Conduct local and international investment fora and business matching; and Provide an investor friendly-environment.
Enhancing the Operations of MSMEs Provide assistance along product development and marketing for MSMEs to become competitive in both the local and international markets; Establish a regional one-stop souvenir arcade/mall to showcase products of local MSMEs; Continue to implement the OTOP and CARP programs to promote business expansion and additional capital formation for existing MSMEs; Identify and develop business opportunities to diversify the region‘s products and industrial structure; and Support the establishment of the Northern Mindanao Entrepreneurship Academy to respond to the need of MSMEs for client-focused training and classroom discussion geared toward enhancing their technical and management skills.
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Supporting the Growth of Priority Industries Strengthen the priority industry clusters, namely: a) high-value vegetables; b) tourism; c) abaca; d) seaweeds; e) aquamarine; f) processed food; g) ICT; h) multi-fiber; and i) metals. Reactivate the Region X Industry Cluster Support Group, a subcommittee of the RDC – Economic Development Committee, to assist the industry clusters in improving their business viability; Intensify support for the development and operations of declared and potential special economic zones and industrial centers to increase their suitability to investors; Intensify promotion of existing agri-industrial economic zones in Lanao del Norte and Cagayan de Oro City; and Pursue the development of new agri-industrial economic zones in Bukidnon to support the needs of growing fruit and vegetable-based processing plants and packing industries.
Improving the operational environment for MSMEs Push for the establishment of National Economic Research and Business Action Centers (NERBAC) in cities and major provincial centers; Support and strengthen the implementation of the National Business Permit and Licensing System Project to streamline registration and licensing procedures for MSMEs; Set-up a packaging center for the processed food sector, as well as, design center for the craft sector in the region in partnership with the private sector; Conduct advocacy activities for the LGUs to implement the Barangay Micro-Business Enterprise (BMBE) Law; Institute reforms on financing for MSMEs through strengthening institutions that provide direct and appropriate financial support and make relevant policy recommendations to improve the government‘s financing program; Aggressively adopt the technology business incubation (TBI) program to develop start-up enterprises in partnership with DOST, DTI, other government agencies, the academe and the private sector; and Responsible media advocacy in marketing the rich resources and potentials, as well as the favorable peace and order condition in the region (Refer to Chapter 2: Good Governance and Peace and Order).
Exports Development and Promotion Expanding exports and increasing the number of exporters shall continue to be one of the region‘s major tasks in the next six years. To achieve the exports target of the region, the following strategies shall be undertaken: Provide holistic support to exporters and service providers through the continued implementation of the Export Pathways Program (EPP) that assists exporters from the startup stage until the market sustainability stage when exporters have entered the target market. This program includes product development, financing support, market information and marketing assistance, among others;
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Strengthen the Regional Export TWG as a subcommittee of the RDC – Economic Development Committee to look after the concerns/issues of exporters and importers; Strengthen exports through the promotion and development of the Halal industry; Promote trade with BIMP-EAGA and with other countries where the Philippines has Free Trade Agreements (i.e., ASEAN (AFTA), +AANZ, China, India, Japan, and Korea); Expand access of exporters to testing laboratory/facilities and services; Develop web-based marketing to facilitate efficient and effective trading with foreign markets; Participate and coordinate attendance to international trade fairs and events to promote regional products and assist aspiring exporters to enter the foreign market; Provide support to firms embarking on the production of ―green‖ or environment-friendly products not only to tap the growing market for such, but also to include the concept of climate change adaptation in doing business, which is both a local and global concern; and Review legislations and policies which are deemed to be disadvantageous to exporters, such as the cabotage law, imposition of terminal handling charge of international shipping lines in the country, imposition of non-tariff barriers for exports, among others, and come up with practical solutions to resolve them.
Tourism Development In the medium-term, the region shall endeavor to be the leading ecotourism destination of the south and to excel in business and leisure activities with its quality and standard tourism facilities, services and complementary local products. Among the broad strategies that shall be implemented in the next six years are the following: a) strengthen the tourism hub concept; b) entice private sector investments in tourism-related facilities and activities; c) reinforce licensing and accreditation of tourism facilities and services groups; d) ensure quality service providers in the Laguindingan Airport; e) pursue collaboration in planning and promoting tourism investments and destinations; f) promote affordable and standard tourism complementary products and services; and d) development and continuing improvements of logistics system and transport infrastructure (i.e., land, sea and air), through private sector engagement, as well as public and private partnership (PPP), to better link the region‘s economy to the rest of Mindanao, as well as to Luzon and Visayas.
Strengthen the tourism hub concept Strengthen linkages among tourist destinations through a more organized and institutionalized tour packages and collaterals with emphasis on nature and business/leisure activities; Maximize utilization of tourism facilities especially in Tourism Hub 1 (Misamis OrientalCagayan de Oro City) as the major gateway Push for more aggressive promotion activities especially for Camiguin as the region‘s Nature loop, as well as the other tourism hubs. Pursue the development of protected areas and relevant eco-tourism sites through community-based tourism development that includes preservation of rich cultural heritage
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and direct involvement of the indigenous people specifically in Tourism Hub No. 4 (Bukidnon); Encourage local government units to persuade local communities to maintain cleanliness and undertake proper solid waste management and safety measures in their respective areas to attract more tourists and promote repeat visits; and Encourage LGUs to adopt necessary mitigating measures for hazard prone destinations/attractions and equip local residents with disaster preparedness capabilities.
Entice private sector investments in tourism-related facilities and activities Provide incentives for tourism-related investments; Participate in investment promotion activities especially for the promotion and development of eco-tourism, meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), agri-tourism, adventure tourism, health, wellness and medical tourism, among others; and Encourage public-private partnerships in the improvement of tourism-related amenities/facilities.
Reinforce licensing and accreditation of tourism facilities and services groups Implement fully the Tourism Act of 2009 to strengthen the capabilities of the Department of Tourism and its attached agencies in performing their functions particularly, along implementing tourism policies; Require tourism service providers to accredit their facilities and services with the Department of Tourism to ensure quality and efficient operations; and Train local tourism and travel front liners to make them effective ambassadors of goodwill with a culture of friendliness, hospitality and trustworthiness.
Ensure quality service providers in the Laguindingan Airport Conduct consultation with stakeholders in improving tourism-related services at the Laguindingan Airport; and Conduct accreditation of major establishments and service providers/locators in the Laguindingan Airport.
Pursue collaborative partnerships in planning and promoting tourism investments and destinations Assist LGUs in the formulation of their tourism framework plans and strategic action plans; Monitor existence and functionality of local tourism councils in the cities and provinces; Create monitoring scheme in tourism-related employment; and Strengthen partnerships with BIMP-EAGA and private-led tourism boards.
Promote affordable and standard tourism complementary products and services Continue to implement the Grassroots Enterprises and Employment in Tourism (GREET) program to raise the standards of local enterprises and promote greater awareness for conservation and protection of cultural resources of tourist destinations;
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Assist MSMEs in developing local tourism complementary products of the region; and Improve air accessibility of existing and potential tourism destination areas. The above strategies are geared toward promoting and supporting the identified priority products and services which are considered to be winners based on the region‘s comparative advantages and natural endowments. By purposively and aggressively marketing the region‘s investments priorities, local entrepreneurs and potential investors will be guided on making informed business decisions, as well as, produce goods and services that will respond and complement the needs of existing and emerging industries. Table 25. Priority Investment Areas Region X Sector
Priority Products and Services Food processing Fruits Poultry Vegetables Aquamarine Crafts Processing facility for furniture components and other wood-based construction materials Steel fabrication Fabrication of agricultural implements and post harvest facilities Transport Communications Logistics support Trading Financial services Real Estate Development
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Service Sector
Below are the major development targets of the trade, industry and tourism sectors. Table 26. Targets on Investment Levels, MSMEs Developed and Assisted, and Value of Exports and Tourist Arrivals Region X, 2011-2016 Indicators Value of DTI-Monitored Investments (In Million Pesos) Number of MSMEs Developed And Assisted Value of Exports (In Million USD) Tourist Arrivals (In Million)
Annual Growth Rate 2011-2016
Projected Level 2011
2016
10
11,017.84
17,744.34
10
1,060
1,708
10
754
1,214
12
2.102
3.691
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III. RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX
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92
Trade, Industry and Tourism
93
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94
Trade, Industry and Tourism
95
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96
Trade, Industry and Tourism
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98
Trade, Industry and Tourism
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100
Trade, Industry and Tourism
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Chapter 5: Environment and Sustainable Development Ensuring environmental integrity and sustainability of resources
I. ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE Forest Resources Management In the previous plan period 2004-2009, Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) program accomplished 92 percent or 2,886 hectares of the plan target of 3,127 hectares of lands to be planted with various tree species. In addition, other reforestation activities undertaken during the plan period resulted to the rehabilitation and development of 4,572 hectares and planting of trees along 530.50 kilometers of urban roadsides across the region. The implementation of Upland Development Program (UDP) in 2009 resulted to the development of 1,699 hectares for agro-forestry, reforestation of 1,698 hectares, and regeneration of 729 hectares in the region‘s five provinces.
Forestland Vegetative Cover and Protected Areas As of 2009, the region has a total land area of 2,018,716 hectares, of which 414,266 hectares are under forestland vegetative cover, indicating a regional forest cover of 20.5 percent. At the provincial level, Misamis Occidental has the most forestland cover, followed by Lanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon, and Camiguin tailing at 5th. By type of regional vegetative cover, second growth or residual forest accounted for 40 percent share, followed by brushland at 32 percent, old growth forest at 11 percent, forest plantations at 11 percent, mossy forest at four percent, while mangroves accounted for two percent share. The region has nine sites under the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS), covering a total of 157,340 hectares. Of these sites, four are classified as protected landscapes and seascapes and five are classified as natural parks. In terms of percent share, total protected areas constitute 7.8 percent (157, 340 hectares) of the region‘s total land area of 2,018,716 hectares. On forestlands delineation, a total of 13,097 hectares were mapped as production forests in Bukidnon (4,324 hectares) and Misamis Oriental (8,773 hectares), during the period 2005-2006.
Watershed Management The region has an inventory of 70 watersheds, covering a total of 1,880,168.83 hectares. These watersheds are classified according to uses, namely, 31 percent are critical watersheds for hydropower and irrigation uses; and, 69 percent for other watershed services (e.g. water for domestic use). By category, the region has 43 small watersheds (10,000 hectares or less) and 27 big watersheds (10,001 hectares and over). However, carbon sequestration potentials to support efforts to respond to climate change challenges and other types or values of environmental services of these forests have not yet been fully determined.
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Land Management In support to economic growth strategies and promoting jobs in the region especially in Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs), issuance of land patents for ARCs in 2004-2009 posted 99 percent accomplishment against the plan target on lots distribution. In terms of area surveyed for patent processing, a 102 percent accomplishment over the plan target was recorded. In contrast, to the survey for patent processing and issuance in support to the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), the area surveyed accounted for 63 percent performance against the plan target. Surveys of public lands achieved 103 percent over the plan target.
Ecological Solid Waste and Air Quality Management Compliance monitoring to the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) particularly on the decommissioning of dumpsites and their replacement with sanitary landfills indicated only eight LGUs have undertaken efforts to comply with the law, as most LGUs claim budgetary constraints. Talakag and Kalilangan in Bukidnon have closed two dumpsites, Iligan City has submitted a closure plan, Cagayan de Oro City is preparing a closure and rehabilitation plan, Laguindingan in Misamis Oriental suspended its open dumpsite operation, while the cities of Malaybalay, Valencia, and Gingoog re-evaluated their Solid Waste Management Plans (SWMPs). Monitoring of ambient air quality in the Metro Cagayan de Oro Airshed is done through the Telemetry System which operates 24-hour daily to monitor concentration levels of pollutants in the atmosphere. Among the region‘s urban centers, Cagayan de Oro is noted for heavy vehicular traffic volume in its major streets. However, the concentration levels of criteria pollutants monitored in this area are below the standard ambient air quality set by law indicating relatively good air. In 20052009, concentration of criteria pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) was recorded to be below the Philippine guideline values which indicate relatively acceptable ambient air quality.
Freshwater, Marine, and Coastal Waters In the previous plan period, Cagayan de Oro River was identified as one of the 19 priority rivers nationwide under the Sagip Ilog Program to improve its biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration levels to determine water use suitability for domestic purposes and other uses. Although BOD and DO levels in this river were within standards, these parameters are exceeded during rainy days. Other surface water bodies closely monitored are the rivers of Iponan, Tagoloan, and Umalag because these are recipients of wastewater discharges from upstream mining and nearby industries. Macajalar and Duka bays were also closely monitored to ensure their suitability for recreation activities. Marine sanctuaries established during the plan period totaled 150 hectares with Misamis Occidental topping the list at 55 hectares, followed by Misamis Oriental at 41 hectares, Lanao del Norte at 38 hectares, and Camiguin at 16 hectares. The region‘s major coastal resource management project started in 2007 in Camiguin through grant assistance by the New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID). Costing Php116 million at cost-sharing of 75 percent grant and 25 percent GOP/LGU counterpart, the project is expected to end in late 2012. Project components include institutionalization of CRM mechanisms in the island‘s five municipalities and the province, and community-based livelihood projects, among others.
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Mineral Development and Geohazard Mapping Supportive of the government‘s thrust to revitalize the mining industry in the region and boost employment in the mining sector, a total of 16,647 jobs were generated for the period 2004-2009, representing a considerable accomplishment against the plan target of 1,050 jobs. Further, in compliance with the establishment of Social Development and Management Program (SDMP) required by the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942), mining companies in the region operationalized 86 livelihood activities, representing 49 percent of the plan target of 176 livelihood projects in 16 mining communities. In terms of skills development for mining community residents, a total of 667 persons were trained on masonry, welding, driving, metal craft and driving, representing 100 percent accomplishment against the plan target of 667 persons. In line with the efforts of reducing environmental risks, 12 geological hazard maps were prepared for three municipalities in Bukidnon, five municipalities in Misamis Oriental and the cities of Valencia, Malaybalay, Cagayan de Oro and Gingoog. In addition, a list has been prepared identifying areas in the region that are flood-prone and/or affected areas and landslide-prone areas. Preliminary hazard assessments were conducted regionwide in 2004-2009 in 1,818 barangays (90 percent of the region‘s 2,022 barangays). The geographic location and the tectonic cut and combination of volcanic features expose the region to geologic hazards. These hazards include volcanic eruption, earthquake, and mass movement. Local hazards include flooding, tsunami, landslides, erosion, subsidence and salt intrusion.
II. CHALLENGES The consistent annual upbeat performance of the regional economy in the previous plan period poses both challenges and opportunities to the region‘s ecosystems amid the widespread changes in climate patterns that are taking place. Environmental stressors mainly the increased human activities result to the physical degradation of the region‘s ecosystems, namely, forest/upland, agricultural/lowland, urban, freshwater and coastal/marine, and critical resources such as biodiversity and minerals. In addition, the need for equitable access and benefit sharing regime for genetic resources and Payments for Environmental Services (PES) schemes poses a challenge to local government officials, academic researchers, commercial users, communities, and regulators. The forest/upland ecosystem remains under stress due to continuing demands for forest products and services resulting to deforestation that endangers not only the forest resources but the biodiversity assets in watershed areas. Illegal activities in forestlands include settlements, conversion of forestlands to agricultural uses, and cutting of trees/timber poaching. However, effective management of this ecosystem is constrained by inadequate budget especially for reforestation and other conservation measures.
…the increased human activities result to the physical degradation of the region’s ecosystems…
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The agricultural/lowland ecosystem is similarly confronted by the need to address the demands for food and the conversion of agricultural areas for non-agricultural purposes. Farming, particularly industrial-scale agriculture, contributes to discharges of untreated chemical runoffs from use of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, among others that, in turn, threaten water supply that is critical to human consumption and food production. In addition, conversion of agricultural lands into residential, commercial and industrial areas continues to pose challenges in sustaining areas for agricultural purposes. The urban ecosystem, particularly the regional capital, Cagayan de Oro City, and sub-regional cities are saddled with the influx of people that result to urban sprawl and emergence of blighted areas. While this situation widens the consumer base that demands more commercial goods and services, it constrains urban space and also contributes to increased waste generation, clogged waterways that causes flooding, as well as, vehicular and industrial air pollution that causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, among others. Also, the improper disposal of hospital or bio-medical wastes poses health risks, hence, the need to develop an alternative technology for its proper disposal (incineration facility is banned under the Clean Air Act of 1999). The integrity of freshwater and coastal/marine ecosystems to sustain aquatic resources is also compromised by increased human activities in upstream rivers, along riverbanks, and foreshores areas. With the onset of climate change, it was projected that by the 2050s, freshwater availability in South-East Asian countries particularly in large river basins, will decrease. Coastal areas, especially heavily populated megadelta regions in South-East Asia, will be at greatest risk due to increased flooding from the sea and, in some megadeltas, flooding from the rivers. 15 On top of that, untreated industrial and commercial wastewater discharges and solid waste disposal into the waterways and water systems threaten not only the quality of water resources that are critical to aquaculture production, recreational activities, and shore protection, but also damage aquatic vegetation that holds potential for carbon sequestration. Similarly, the region‘s biodiversity and mineral resources are adversely affected by resource extraction that results to the degradation and loss of habitats of various biological species thereby threatening their existence. For instance, illegal activities of placer gold miners through use of hydraulic equipment in upstream mineral areas, particularly in upland barangays of Iponan watersheds in Cagayan de Oro and Opol, Misamis Oriental, damaged not only the forest ecosystem, but also cause siltation and mine tailings along rivers/river systems. Meanwhile, regional smallscale mining activity is affected by regulatory concerns such as under-reporting or non-reporting of exact mineral production to evade payment of correct excise tax. In addition, enforcement of mining laws is hampered by the presence of armed persons in mining areas. There is high agreement that with current climate change mitigation policies and related sustainable development practices, global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will continue to grow over the next few decades. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) projects an increase of global GHG emissions by 25 to 90 percent between 2000
15
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Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007
Environment and Sustainable Development
and 2030.16 The IPCC categorized the increases of global temperature (best estimate and likely range) and its corresponding sea level rise according to different scenarios (Table 27). Table 27. Projected Global Average Surface Warming and Sea Level Rise at the End of the 21st Century by SRES Scenarios Temperature change (°C at 2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999) a, d
(m at 2090-2099 relative to 1980-1999)
Sea level rise
Likely range
Model-based range excluding future rapid dynamical changes in ice flow
Scenario/Case Best estimate Constant year 2000 concentrationsb B1 scenario*** A1T scenario B2 scenario A1B scenario* A2 scenario** A1FI scenario
0.6
0.3 – 0.9
Not available
1.8 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.0
1.1 – 2.9 1.4 – 3.8 1.4 – 3.8 1.7 – 4.4 2.0 – 5.4 2.4 – 6.4
0.18 – 0.38 0.20 – 0.45 0.20 – 0.43 0.21 – 0.48 0.23 – 0.51 0.26 – 0.59
Notes: a) Temperatures are assessed best estimates and likely uncertainty ranges from a hierarchy of models of varying complexity as well as observational constraints. b) Year 2000 constant composition is derived from Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) only. c) All scenarios above are six SRES marker scenarios. Approximate CO2-eq concentrations corresponding to the computed radiative forcing due to anthropogenic GHGs and aerosols in 2100 (see p. 823 of the Working Group I TAR) for the SRES B1, AIT, B2, A1B, A2 and A1FI illustrative marker scenarios are about 600, 700, 800, 850, 1250 and 1550ppm, respectively. d) Temperature changes are expressed as the difference from the period 1980-1999. To express the change relative to the period 1850-1899 add 0.5°C.
Of the above-indicated scenarios where there is continuous increase in temperature and changes in rainfall patterns, the affected provinces throughout the country were identified (Tables 28 & 29).
…untreated industrial and commercial wastewater discharges and solid waste disposal into the waterways and water systems threaten not only the quality of water resources that are critical to aquaculture production, recreational activities, and shore protection, but also damage aquatic vegetation that holds potential for carbon sequestration…
16
Ibid.
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Table 28. Estimated Risks in the Philippines Due to Temperature Increase and Rainfall Changes and Tropical Cyclones in 2020 Parameters A1B* Temperature Increase Northern Luzon, Nueva Viscaya, Low Risk Mindoro, Palawan, Whole of Visayas except Cebu and Northern Samar High Risk
A2** Northern Luzon, Palawan, Zambales, Bulacan and Rizal
Southern Mindanao, Metro Manila, Cebu
Western Mindanao and Cebu
Rainfall Changes Regions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 except La Union, Whole of Visayas except Low Risk Cebu, Bohol and Southern Leyte, Western and Southern Mindanao
Ilocos Norte, Nueva Viscaya, Samar, Western Samar and Southern Mindanao
Extremely High Risk
Surigao, Misamis Oriental, La Union
La Union, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Camarines Norte, Albay, Cebu
B1*** Bicol Region, Eastern parts of the country, Palawan, Capiz, Antique Pangasinan, La Union, Cebu, South Cotabato, Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental
Almost entire country Bohol, Surigao del Norte, Misamis and Lanao del Norte
*For SRES scenarios A1B, A2, B1, Refer to Table 5-1
It was projected that by year 2020, the provinces of Misamis Occidental and Lanao del Norte are extremely high risk due to temperature increases and changes in rainfall patterns. And by year 2050, Misamis Oriental and Lanao provinces will be at high-risk to temperature and rainfall changes. Table 29. Estimated Risks in the Philippines Due to Temperature Increase and Rainfall Changes in 2050 Parameters
A1B*
A2**
B1***
Temperature Increase Low Risk
Most of regions 1, 2, 3 and Davao del Norte
Cebu, Negros Occ., Zamboanga del Norte, South Cotabato Lanao, Misamis Oriental, Maguindanao Rainfall Changes High Risk
Low Risk:
Extremely High Risk
Whole of Luzon except Bicol Region, Masbate and Romblon, North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat and Davao del Norte Cebu, Surigao del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Agusan del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao
*For SRES scenarios A1B, A2, B1, Refer to Table 5-1
110
Northern Luzon, Bataan, Southern Bicol Region, Eastern portions of the country Cavite, Batangas, Cebu, Negros Occ., Lanao, South Cotabato, Misamis Only Bataan, Zambales, Ilocos, Cagayan, Aurora and Nueva Viscaya Cebu, Bohol, Iloilo, Negros Occ., Agusan del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Lanao, Maguindanao, South Cotabato
Ilocos Sur, Apayao, Mindoro, Palawan, Whole of Visayas except Cebu, Zamboanga Metro Manila, Cavite, Cebu, Central Mindanao Whole of Luzon except Palawan, Whole of Visayas except Cebu and Whole of Mindanao except Sulu, Basilan, Tawi-tawi and Maguindanao Cebu, Bohol, Surigao del Norte, Misamis and Lanao del Norte, Palawan
Environment and Sustainable Development
III. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK The overarching goal of the sector is to ensure environmental integrity and sustainability of resources. To this end, the various ecosystems shall be efficiently managed, sustainably utilized, and properly developed to maintain biodiversity and ensure resilient human communities. This is an imperative particularly that any adverse change in the ecosystems results to corresponding negative effects on the capabilities of ecosystems to sustainably provide the goods and services that society needs. This is however a tall order amidst the major drivers of change in the ecosystems, namely, climate change, destructive human practices and activities, and ecological stressors such as La Niña and El Niño phenomena and the like. Changes in climatic patterns pose a critical challenge in managing the integrity of the region‘s ecosystems and natural resources. There is therefore a need for a comprehensive set of interventions consisting of, on one hand, measures to manage destructive human practices and activities; and, on other the other hand, strategic actions to mitigate, prepare for, reduce the occurrence of, and enable species including humans and communities to adapt to climate change and become resilient to disasters. The strategies outlined in each ecosystem are anchored on several environmental laws and policies including the most recent ones (RA 10121 or the DRRM Act and RA 9729 or the Climate Change Act). The aim is to enable key stakeholders to manage environment and natural resources, encourage sustainable use of resources and cope with the impacts of environmental emergencies for the benefit of the present and future generations.
Forest/Upland Ecosystem To reduce the intrusion of human settlements/activities to forest/upland ecosystem, improve management of watersheds therein, and respond to climate change challenge, major interventions such as the following shall be pursued: Enforcement of forest laws and protection of about 118,523 hectares of untenured lands over 3,000 hectares of plantation forests regionwide; Production of high quality forest trees planting materials; Development and management of economically important non-timber species; Enhancing and strengthening the productivity of reforestation and upland areas; Assessment and monitoring of major ecosystems as affected by climate change through impact study on extent and magnitude of flooding and landslides in selected major watersheds; Development of improved rehabilitation technologies on degraded and marginal areas; Management of the region‘s protected areas under NIPAS, rehabilitation of 3,330 hectares of degraded protected areas, delineation of forestland boundaries, management of critical habitats in four sites, and development of business plans for ecotourism areas in four sites in partnership with LGUs and private enterprises;
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Management of forests through the provision of alternative jobs for upland dwellers through the Upland Development Program (UDP), development of tree farming sites for fuel wood to reduce stress on natural forests, and monitoring of threatened forest species; and, Formulation of acceptable PES schemes in collaboration with the communities and indigenous peoples in order to address budget constraints on forest management. In support to Biofuels Act of 2006 (RA 9367), researches on tree improvement program for priority indigenous and endangered species shall be conducted through seed collection, progeny trials, and establishment of clonal banks for important tree species.
Agriculture/Lowland Ecosystem Untreated chemical runoffs from inorganic farming activities will continue to be monitored through water analysis in various water sampling stations. Use of organic fertilizers and pesticides, as well as, adoption of biological control agents shall be promoted among farmers.
Urban Ecosystem To ensure standard-level air quality in the urban ecosystem and reduce greenhouse gas emissions particularly from commercial/industrial sources, more vigorous implementation of various environmental laws will be pursued through the following: Effective enforcement of Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749) by promoting use of cleaner and alternative fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), coco methyl ester, and compressed natural gas (CNG), video monitoring of private emission testing centers (PETCs), and monitoring of industrial effluents; and Monitoring of ambient air criteria pollutants (e.g., PM 10, CO2, Toluene, p-Xylene, Benzene, NO2, Ozone) through the telemetry system from mobile and stationary sources especially in the Metro Cagayan de Oro Airshed that spans from PHIVIDEC Industrial Estate on eastern part of Misamis Oriental to El Salvador, Misamis Oriental on the western side. In compliance to the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003), and to address issues of improper waste disposal and occurrence of flooding attributed to waste dumping in waterways, the following interventions shall be pursued: Safe closure and rehabilitation and replacement by sanitary landfills (SLFs) of open and controlled dumpsites regionwide; Development and advocacy of other cleaner forms of disposal system; Establishment of Regional Ecology Center; Identification of training centers on composting and recycling; Establishment of LGU Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs); De-clogging of waterways/canals; and Review of RA 9003 particularly on the prohibition of incineration facilities for hospital or biomedical wastes.
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Also, in compliance to Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 (RA 6969), the monitoring of transport, use, and disposal of toxic chemicals, hazardous wastes, and healthcare wastes shall continue.
Freshwater, Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Guided by policies under the Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA 9275), structural and vegetative interventions to manage water quality, improve fishery production, and respond to climate change challenges will be undertaken in the region‘s major river systems and coastal/marine areas inclusive of mangroves and beach forests. Interventions include the following: Conservation and management of biological resources through assessments of carbon sink potential of mangroves and beach forests, mangrove-friendly nipa aquaculture as alternative livelihood, biofuels from mangrove and beach forests, and identification of alternative uses of invasive foreign species; Management and rehabilitation of coastal resources and wetlands through conduct of carrying capacity17 studies on coasts and rivers, species matching, and biodiversity assessment of important rivers; Institutionalizing integrated coastal resource management at the LGU levels through development of framework plan for CRM; Development and operationalization of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) through conduct of participatory resource assessment of coastal and marine areas, preparation of municipal CRM plan and integrated coastal management plan, conduct of coastal zoning surveys; Conservation of mangrove areas through rehabilitation, maintenance, and protection activities, integration of Taytay, El Salvador, Misamis Oriental mangrove rehabilitation to ICM program, and management of beach forests; Management of foreshore areas through co-management, relocation, or judicial process to address illegal occupations along riverbanks and coastal/foreshore areas; Sustain strict implementation of Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA 9275) through monitoring of industrial effluent discharges, improving the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of Cagayan de Oro and Umalag rivers, including monitoring of beaches along Macajalar and Duka bays; and Monitoring of coral reefs and associated life forms.
Biodiversity Unlawful resource extraction through bioprospecting of forest and marine flora and fauna for pharmaceutical, industrial, and other uses threaten not only the organisms themselves but also their fragile habitats. Among the management interventions include:
17 The maximum population that an area will support without undergoing deterioration.
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Establishment of five new protected areas for inclusion under NIPAS law (RA 7586) and four critical habitats; Continuing management of nine existing protected areas; and Strict implementation of laws (e.g. Executive Order 247, series of 1995) on commercial and research uses of biodiversity resources to ensure equitable access and benefit sharing among stakeholders.
Minerals/Mining Development In pursuit of the country‘s mineral industry development program and mineral investment promotion program under the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942) and People‘s Small Scale Mining Program Act (RA 7076), mining activities will continue to be regulated to ensure sustainable use of mineral resources, respond to climate change challenges, and mitigate disasters through: Conduct of compliance audit on health, environment, and social approved work program of mining companies; Provide support to formulation of policies requiring mining companies to design and implement measures related to climate change adaptation/mitigation and disaster risk reduction; Review of roles and responsibilities of agencies and LGUs in managing small-scale mining activities; Advocacy on mineral resources and geosciences; Geological survey and assessment to determine vulnerability of ground water resources to changing climate pattern; Inspection to ensure safety status of waste disposal sites which are mostly dumpsites; and Review of responsibilities between agencies and LGUs on geohazard zonation activities, especially toward integrating geohazard maps in comprehensive land use plans (CLUPs).
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process will be enhanced through updating of maps for environmentally critical areas (ECAs) and mapping of projects issued with Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC).
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IV. RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX
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Chapter 6: Well-being and Improved Welfare Effecting Better Standard of Living
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES Poverty is manifested with limited access to comprehensive and integrated basic social services particularly health, housing and social protection. The vulnerable groups and those living in poverty are continuously threatened and marginalized by social, economic, and environmental pressures and natural disasters, as well as economic shocks. Greater access to improved social services is crucial to development, productivity and social inclusion.
Health and Nutrition The region‘s health situation in the past five years (2004-2009) remained a struggle even with the implementation of FOURmula One for Health as the framework of health sector reforms in the country. Most of the health and nutrition indicators showed downward trends and are below the 2010 plan and MDG targets by 2015. Table 30. Health Indicators vs. Targets Region X: 2004-2009 Indicators
2004
2006
2008
2009
Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000 population) Crude Death Rate (per 1,000 population) Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000livebirths) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 livebirths) Prenatal Care (% to total pregnant women) Postnatal Care (% to total women who gave birth) Access to sanitary toilet facilities (% to total HHs) Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%) Percent of births assisted by skilled attendants Prevalence of Below Normal Low (BNL) pre-school children Prevalence of Below Normal Very Low (BNVL) pre-school children / Source: DOH-X, 2008 NDHS *2003 NDHS
23.14 3.89
22.22 4.06
23.73 4.22
22.03 4.43
2010 Plan Targets 21.17 3.37
90.00
75.00
51.00
94.00
57.00
-37.00
8.12 70.67
8.23 64.85
9.13 69.11
7.20 67.76
7.17 80.26
-0.03 -12.5
70.15
67.74
70.48
88.00
80.95
+7.05
64.90
74.57
75.29
73.06
85.04
-11.98
43.12
53.2/
45.0
59.17
-14.17
41.4*
57.69
47.7/
77.79
94.88
-17.09
13.26
10.71
9.31
8.82
-
-
1.80
1.42
1.05
1.01
-
-
55.2*
Difference (2009-2010 Targets) -0.86 -1.06
Crude death rate posted an overall upward trend. Maternal mortality rate increased to 94 per 100,000 live births in 2009 from only 51 in 2008. Meanwhile, the proportion of births assisted by skilled attendants in 2009 was 78 percent. Home births are still common in remote rural areas. However, post-natal care showed improved coverage (88%) and surpassed the 2010 plan target. Pre-natal care coverage remained low in the past years.
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With the implementation of programs on nutrition and hunger-mitigation, there is an improvement in the nutritional status of pre-school children based on Operation Timbang (OPT) results with the reduction in the prevalence of BNL from 13.26 in 2004 to 8.82 percent in 2009, and BNVL from 1.8 percent to 1.01 percent during the same period. Access to sanitary toilets is still far from the 2010 plan and 2015 MDG targets. The situation deserves priority attention to ensure proper health and sanitation practices especially that endemic morbidity and mortality due to diarrheal disease primarily associated with floods and droughts are expected to rise in South-East Asian countries due to projected changes in the hydrological cycle 18. There was a reduction in crude birth rate in the past five years. This can be attributed to the continuing advocacy of Family Planning Program (FPP) and the conduct of Responsible Parenting Movement classes in all provinces. Thus, the use of modern Natural Family Planning (NFP) method increased to 1.1 percent in 2008. However, advocacy efforts need to be intensified since unmet need for family planning in the region increased to 18.7 percent, 7.7 percent for spacing and 11 percent for limiting birth (2008 NDHS). On the other hand, some LGUs established Teens Healthquarters (THQ) to address the increasing problems along sexuality and reproductive health among the youth. As of 2009, a total of 986 Botika ng Barangays (BnBs) were established in Region X, almost attaining the target of 1,014 in 2010 or one BnB in every two barangays to ensure the accessibility of low-priced, safe, effective, and quality essential drugs to the local communities. Although Tuberculosis is still one of the leading causes of mortality, the case detection rate was 79 percent in 2008, higher than the plan target of 70 percent. Similarly, trend of TB mortality rate declined from 23.25 per 100,000 population in 2003 to 19.55 in 2008 (2009 RSET). The TB cure rate is also high at 90 percent which is within the plan target. While there is significant improvement in terms of reducing incidence of malaria in the region, dengue prevalence is increasing with almost doubling the plan target of 20 per 100,000 populations in 2009. Meanwhile, efforts along the provision of Vitamin A to infants and children and TT2 to pregnant women fell short of plan targets. With concerted effort in delivering quality health care for all Filipinos, PhilHealth coverage surpassed its plan target in 2009. A total of 1,156,719 registered members were reported or 144 percent of the total targeted population. The increase of membership is largely attributed to the wide coverage of indigent families which exceeds by 86 percent of the target population. The LGUs continue to be supportive with government-sponsored membership. As of 2009, PhilHealth has accredited 101 hospitals, 45 MCPs, 51 TBDOTs, 75 RHUs and 1,155 health professionals. On the other hand, the accreditation of some hospitals was not renewed due to non-compliance to standards. On the overall, the slow progress of the health sector has been due to inadequate access, limitedavailability, non-affordability and poor quality of basic health care services particularly in remote and hard to reach areas in the region. Disparities exist for hospital bed to population ratio from 1:502 to 1:1,287 in 2007 particularly in major cities. Except for midwives, other health personnel to
18 IPCC 4th Assessment Report, 2007
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population ratios such as physicians (1:35,931) and nurses (1:20, 373) are below the standard of 1:20,000, and also for dentists (1: 61,767 vs. 1:50,000). Moreover, there is a need to sustain health insurance coverage especially the indigents to achieve universal coverage. Another concern is to ensure responsive benefits of members at reasonable premiums.
Housing Housing Affordability and Delivery Region X comprised 3.5 percent (20,537 families) to the total informal settler families in the country19. From 2000 to 2007, the number of families living in makeshift housing materials decreased by 70 percent from 2,051 families/units in 2000 to 600 families/units in 2007, of which its proportion to the total occupied housing units is less than one percent 20. The government housing agencies targeted to produce 29,739 units or 18.4 percent of the 161,289 projected housing needs of the region for the years 2000-2010. Of these, from 2004 to June 2010, the different housing programs were able to provide/finance 17,700 housing units valued at PhP5.8 billion. This total represents 60 percent of the target for the same period. Fifty-six percent or 9,986 of the total units produced are classified as socialized housing. Pag-IBIG or the Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF) has consistently been the biggest provider, surpassing its own targets. Its accomplishment comprised 65 percent of the housing units produced with a loan exposure of PhP5.306 billion or 91 percent of the total loan value. On the other hand, the NHA was not able to reach its target along the Resettlement and Joint Venture due to the delay in the approval of project proposals. The Community Mortgage Program (CMP) of the Socialized Housing Finance Corporation also has a low turn-out despite the reduction of documentary requirements. One of the major causes is the associations‘ lack of funding to pay for its equity and the processing of other pre-requisites like survey costs. The squabble among members and the inaccessibility of the land-owners also contributed to the delay of the compliance. The suspension of the GSIS‘s Bahay Ko Program and Land Bank‘s Cooperative Housing has also affected the accomplishment of the housing sector. There is a need to reduce the gap between the housing supply and the needs. The continued spiraling price of land, land development, and construction supply plus the increased zonal valuation of the raw land have all the more affected the affordability level of the low-income earners and discouraged the private developers to engage into socialized housing development. In identifying areas for housing and settlement development, the effects of climate change shall be taken into consideration. With the changes in climate that may result to a) water shortages in settlements; b) declining air quality in cities; c) reduced hydropower generation potentials; and
19
Annual Poverty Indicators Survey, NSO, 2002
20
Regional Social and Economic Trends (RSET), NSCB, 2000 & 2007
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d) disruption of settlements, commerce, and transport due to flooding among others, there is potential for population migrations and loss of property and lives if settlement areas are haphazardly selected. With this arises the need to fast-track the provision of safe and affordable housing especially for people without appropriate housing. Table 31. Targets and Accomplishments on Housing Production January 2004 – June 2010 Agency A. Socialized Housing Resettlement (Sites and Sites Joint Venture/ Technical Assistance) Community Based (CLASP & LTAP) (NHA) Community Mortgage Program (SHFC) Expanded Housing Loan Program (Pag-IBIG) Bahay Ko Program (GSIS) Cooperative Housing (LBP) Presidential Proclamation (HUDCC) Sub-Total B. Economic/Open Housing Expanded Housing Loan Program (Pag-IBIG) Bahay Ko Program (GSIS) Cooperative Housing (LBP) Sub-Total REGIONAL TOTAL
Targets (2004-2010)
Accomplishment (No. of units*)
9,677
1,697
80.77
6,000 671 3,004
3,201 353 4,504 1 133 97 9,986
15.90 31.22 1,254.13 0.18 17.10 0.00 1,399.30
7,023 628 63 7,714 17,700
4,052.13 329.98 14.39 4,396.50 5,795.80
147 19,499 6,496 3,744 10,240 29,739
Value (in million PhP)
Pag-IBIG Accomplishment Report: Cagayan and Iligan branches only. *One housing unit = one family/beneficiary Source: Consolidated reports from HUDCC, NHA, HDMF, HLURB, HGC, NHMFC, SHFC
Sustainable Communities In the task of providing assistance to LGUs in the formulation/updating and enforcement of Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs), the HLURB was able to assist 34 LGUs. A total of 523.2360 hectares of re-classified lands were developed and licensed as residential subdivision projects. With the goal of providing more affordable housing units, 53.49 percent of the total area was developed as socialized housing (27.41%) and economic housing (26.08%), with the remaining 46.51 percent of the re-classified land left for the open market. With the merging of HLURB Regions 9, 10 and 13 into one office which is based in Cagayan de Oro, the challenge in terms of providing timely assistance to its clientele has to be addressed. As of 2010, a total of 194 housing units were foreclosed out of the total units granted/loaned during the previous plan period. While collection is doing quite well, a more efficient collection system of housing loans is needed so that money can be flowed back for circulation and makes them available for other potential borrowers. The projects of Gawad Kalinga, Paglaum Village, Habitat for Humanity, and other LGU housing efforts also played a significant role in housing production. Facilitating factors identified by some NGOs are as follows: LGUs‘ strong commitment to partnership; faithfulness of partners to deliver their commitments; volunteerism of schools, academe, local corporations; bayanihan spirit of
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homeowners; and presence of skilled workers. On the other hand, hindering factors include red tape of some LGUs in the issuance of permits; lukewarm commitment of some partner LGUs; soaring of prices of construction materials; and limited funding from donors.
Social Protection The basic or the vulnerable sectors have increasingly felt the effects of the global economic crisis which left them unemployed, unserved, underserved and with low and unstable income. Poverty among the basic sectors showed that in 2006, the farmers sector posted the highest poverty incidence among the eight basic sectors in the region at 54.3 percent, followed by children and fishermen at 49.1 percent and 47.6 percent, respectively. Poverty incidence for all sectors decreased from 2003 to 2006, except for the farmers sector which posted an increase of 0.4 percent. The largest decrease was observed for the fishermen sector. Children and women accounted for the largest number of poor population across all basic sectors at 0.83 million and 0.76 million in 2006, respectively. The provision of social welfare services to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged sectors is anchored on the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) as the government‘s overall framework for poverty reduction. It covers a wide range of activities including asset reforms, provision of human development services, creation of employment and livelihood opportunities, social protection and security against violence, and participation of basic sectors in governance. A major intervention under the government‘s comprehensive and integrated approach for poverty reduction and empowerment of the poor is the KALAHI-CIDSS (Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services) project. The combination of traditional and new leadership functions in communities has been strengthened, as well as improving the collective capacity of communities to address their problems. The project has benefitted 50,528 families in the areas covered in Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Camiguin. A total of 244 projects were completed which included, among others: health centers, water system, farm to market road, day care centers, drainage system, and corn sheller with warehouse. Since most of the completed projects were along infrastructure development, the direct economic impact and extent of poverty reduction on the poor households need to be assessed. In addressing hunger, the Food for School Program and Healthy Start Feeding Program were implemented. These programs provided one kilo of iron-fortified rice per day of school and supplemental food in day care centers using the 20 days menu recommended by the regional nutritionist, respectively. Moreover, there were 989 Tindahan Natin Outlets established to provide low-priced, but good quality rice and noodles to low-income families through a store jointly identified and endorsed by the DSWD, the local social welfare and development offices, the local government and subsequently accredited by the NFA. Livelihood assistance to poor individuals, communities and organizations/ associations were pursued through the Self-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran (SEA-K) and the Kabuhayan Program, among others. The beneficiaries were provided capital assistance as additional working capital to uplift their living conditions through self-employment, enhancement of existing self-employment undertakings, and development of collective enterprise to augment their income. Likewise, the socio-
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economic skills of poor families were enhanced through the organization of community-based associations for entrepreneurial development. The readiness of the beneficiaries to manage and sustain the projects is critical to uplift the living conditions of the families. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) which provides direct cash assistance to respond to the education and health needs of the poor was implemented. As of August 2010, a total of 69,682 poor households were provided with cash grants amounting to PhP613M covering 638 barangays of Lanao del Norte, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Camiguin, Bukidnon and Cagayan de Oro. The 4Ps beneficiaries are identified through the results of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) conducted by DSWD in 93 LGUs in the region. The region continues to provide for the recognition, protection and promotion of the interests and well-being of the vulnerable sectors with due regard to their ancestral domains, lands and cultural integrity of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs), self governance and empowerment, social justice and human rights. Although there have been various laws and other mechanisms to protect the rights of the vulnerable sectors, there is still low compliance resulting to the non-full enjoyment of the benefits and privileges provided. The convergence and sustainability of anti-poverty interventions is seen as one of the challenges and priorities in the plan period. The National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) issued Memorandum Circular No. 1, (s. 2009) directing all anti-poverty programs and projects to focus on the one million poor households identified under 4Ps as beneficiaries. Likewise, Executive Order 867 (s. 2010) provides for the adoption of the NHTS-PR as the mechanism for identifying poor households who shall be recipients of social protection programs nationwide. All government efforts for the real poor will be synchronized, thus, ensuring that only those deserving will be provided government assistance. At present, the NHTS-PR has assessed 639,946 households in the region which were also subjected to Proxy Means Test (PMT), (a statistical formula used in the ranking, classification and prioritization of poor households). A total of 307,315 were identified as poor households as of July 15, 2010. The overall trend in poverty incidence and magnitude indicates the need to protect the poor and vulnerable from risks, reduce vulnerabilities and poverty, as well as alleviate pressures on households. More resources must be allocated across sectors to effectively implement a holistic framework and strategy. Likewise, the role of the Local Government Units (LGUs) is crucial in the delivery of basic services to the communities. With the devolution of powers and the concern of limited resources, local programs and projects should be focused and strategic to directly address the needs of the poor communities.
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Improved well-being and sustained economic growth are closely interlinked. The strategic priorities shall enable the vulnerable groups to benefit equitably from the opportunities that development provides. The right investments to appropriate interventions in ensuring human security is therefore necessary for inclusive patterns of growth and social development to take place.
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Health and Nutrition Improving human capabilities especially of the poor and vulnerable sectors through the provision of primary health care and nutrition is critical to ensure healthy and productive communities. With the devolution of health care and nutrition services, there is a need for a more defined role between the national government and local government in terms of service delivery and health care financing. This heightened the need to strengthen the capacities of LGUs to deliver quality basic health care services. In the plan period, the Aquino Health Agenda of achieving universal health care for all Filipinos is anchored on the health system goals of the World Health Organization, the Millennium Development Goals and the National Objectives for Health, as follows: a) better health outcomes; b) more responsive health system; and c) more equitable healthcare financing. To attain these primary health goals, strategic thrusts and actions will be implemented to achieve the medium-term objectives corresponding to the six health sector components as follows: 1)
Health Care Financing: Secure increased, better and sustained investments in health Redirect PhilHealth operations to improve the national and regional benefit ratios; Increase national and local government spending on health; and Expand the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
2) Health Regulation: Assure the quality and affordability of health goods and services Harmonize the licensing, accreditation and certification systems among health agencies; and Assure the availability of low-priced quality essential medicines 3) Health Service Delivery: Improve the accessibility and availability of basic and essential health care for all Ensure availability of providers of basic health services in all localities; Designate providers of specific and specialized services in strategic locations; and Intensify the implementation of public health programs in the localities 4) Good Governance for Health: Improve health performance at the regional and local levels Establish inter-LGU and public-private coordination and mechanisms; Develop and implement performance assessment systems; and Improve management support systems to enhance the delivery of health goods and services 5) Human Resources for Health: Ensure access to professional health care providers Institutionalize professional career track mechanisms for human resources for health 6) Health Information: Establish a modern information system that shall provide evidence for policy and program development Use ICT to deliver universal health care with particular focus on GIDAs such as eHealth; and Improve health and productivity through research and development.
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The major targets of the health sector are shown below: Table 32. Targets of Vital Health and Nutrition Indicators Indicator Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000 livebirths) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 livebirths) Prenatal Care (%) Postnatal Care (%) Access to potable water supply (% to total HHs) Access to sanitary toilet facilities (% to total HHs) Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%) Under five mortality rate (per 1,000 livebirths) Percent of births assisted by skilled attendants Prevalence of underweight pre-school children (CGS) Severely underweight (1.28%); underweight (6.81%)
Actual 2009 94.00 7.20 67.76 88.00 88.00 73.10 45 9.00 77.29 8.09 (2010)
Plan Target 2016 33.00 6.9 95.00 95.00 100.00 90.00 60 for modern methods; 80 for all methods 6.27 90.00
MDG Target 2015 33 .00 6.93 95.00 95.00 100.00 83.80 60 for modern methods; 80 for all methods * *
5.02
**
Notes: * absence of baseline data in the 1990s; ** changes in the definition/coverage/standards in monitoring prevalence of malnutrition from Philippine Reference Standards (PRS) to International Reference Standards (IRS) then to Child Growth Standards (CGS) starting in 2010 Source: DOH-X
The legislative agenda that will be pursued in the plan period is to amend Title V, Sections 102-103 of RA 7160 (Local Government Code) to include as follows: a) provide for a regular budget of Local Health Board, similar with the Special Education Fund of the Local School Board wherein a percentage of real estate tax collection is earmarked for LSB, b) include in the composition of the LHB the local budget officers, local development planning coordinators and department heads deemed necessary to push the health sector agenda by ensuring funding of health-related projects in the local plans and investment programs, and c) define the secretariat of the LHB and be earmarked with corresponding budgetary support. Meanwhile, there should be an agency policy to accredit providers of services (particularly the NGOs) for health care, mental health care and other nutrition-related services to ensure quality and compliance to health standards.
Housing Shelter is a fundamental right of every human being. By year 2016, the total housing needs (defined as backlog plus new households) of the region will reach a staggering 136,913 units. Bulk of the housing need is in Bukidnon at 26 percent of the total housing needs of the region. For the plan period, the housing sector is geared towards attaining these goals: a) providing quality safe housing and security of tenure to the different housing market segments especially to the lowincome families; b) addressing unemployment thru job generation; and c) helping attain the MDGs of improving the lives of slum dwellers. To be able to meet the aforementioned goals the following strategies shall be adopted.
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Table 33. Projected Housing Needs by Province and Key City Province/Key City
Backlog (as of 2009) Double-up
Province Bukidnon Camiguin Lanao del Norte Misamis Occidental Misamis Oriental Key City Cagayan de Oro Iligan Northern Mindanao
For Replacement
Need to Population Growth 2010-2016
Total Housing Needs (2010-2016)
4,939 181 2,738 3,259 3,236
1,454 80 727 518 965
29,074 1,590 14,541 10,356 19,294
35,467 1,851 18,006 14,133 23,495
7,582 2,853 24,788
1,189 407 5,339
23,788 8,143 106,786
32,559 11,403 136,913
Source: HUDCC-X
Housing Affordability and Security of Tenure In the short to medium term, increasing the availability of housing credit and financial resources and lowering the cost of land and housing production are to be pursued through: a) creation of alternative funds to spur housing production; b) expansion of non-government organizations participation in socialized housing; c) building of a strong public-private partnership; and d) increasing capacity of the low-income earners.
Sustainable Communities In building sustainable communities through rational utilization of land, regulations on developing residential subdivision projects for formal and informal settlers are linked to the enforcement of comprehensive land use plans where a combination of functions and amenities based on environmental standards are considered. Ultimately, they need to be sustainable by providing minimum service standards from the point of view of the global climate change phenomenon (NUDHF 2009-2016). The following strategies will be adopted: a) institute the National Resettlement Policy Framework; b) strengthen programs on Asset Reform/Sustainable Communities; c) strengthen enforcement and monitoring of reclassification of agricultural to non-agricultural uses; and d) transparency and good governance.
Legislative and Research Agenda Institutionalize the creation of Local Housing Board (LHB) in every local government unit. Once created, the LHB can serve as the governing body in the planning and implementation of housing programs especially for the informal settlers. Passage of the National Land Use Act which shall integrate efforts and monitor development relating to land use. Continue to provide incentives and explore ways to get tax and fiscal incentives for developers. Adopt alternative tenurial arrangements such as lease or usufruct which will reduce the cost of land.
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Social Protection The government has increased its focus on social protection by providing more resources to its various programs on labor market, social welfare, social safety nets and social insurance. These are geared towards providing mechanisms to reducing poverty and vulnerability, and protecting the poor and vulnerable with the overarching goal of achieving an improved quality of life for all. The existing programs and services of government agencies dealing with social welfare are rationalized, clustered and strengthened. Thus, the DSWD, DOH, GSIS, SSS, DOLE and other agencies concerned on social welfare are clustered to form a national social welfare framework and strategy to ensure convergence and rationalization of resources across sectors. The DSWD‘s Convergence Framework for Poverty Reduction maximizes the impact of poverty reduction programs through an effective targeting system and a holistic community development approach. This framework, also known as the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Pathway out of Poverty, consists of the three key poverty reduction programs: 1) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), 2) Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan – Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS), and 3) Self-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran (SEA-K). These three programs are extended to the municipalities and barangays identified through the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTSPR). Figure 12. Convergence Framework for Poverty Reduction
Source: www.dswd.gov.ph
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The three-pronged poverty reduction approach responds to the unique contexts of various segments of the poor. Sensitive to the capacities and needs of the people, each of the three programs has its own strategies and outputs. In every stage of development, both public and private sectors have identified their contributions for the improvement of the beneficiaries‘ well being. SEA-K will enable the 4Ps beneficiaries to establish and manage their own micro-enterprises through an entrepreneurial skills training program that includes the provision of non-collateral and interestfree loan amounting to PhP10,000 per family-beneficiary as seed capital. On the other hand, the Guaranteed Employment scheme will access the 4Ps beneficiaries to locally available jobs through a job network system that will be established in partnership with national government agencies, nongovernment organizations and business sector. Other key elements that shall be optimized in complementing the different social protection programs are the following: a) closely diagnose the mechanisms in targeting beneficiaries; b) capacity building of local government units; c) empowering communities to undertake community services through volunteerism and monitoring and evaluation; and d) establishing a referral system. The convergence of three major anti-poverty programs, namely: the 4Ps, KALAHI-CIDSS, and SelfEmployment Assistance–Kaunlaran (SEA-K) aims to bring greater impact in uplifting the economic situation of the poorest families and communities through capacity building and the provision of seed capital for sustainable self-employment and livelihood activities. In addition, the following strategic agenda will be pursued to improve access to social assistance, social security and social safety nets particularly the vulnerable groups: Ensure social protection and rights of the vulnerable and disadvantaged sectors; Increase social insurance coverage for members; Implement/enforce laws and policies which provide for the benefits and privileges for the vulnerable sectors; Provide welfare, livelihood and employment and protection against sudden loss of income; Intensify conduct of social preparation to ensure sustainability of projects provided to the beneficiaries; Enhance delivery of community-based services; Strengthen community empowerment thru community-based sub-project operation and maintenance groups, and people‘s organizations; Intensify poverty-focus targeting of beneficiaries; Promote culture and traditions; and Institutionalize basic sector participation in governance.
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Chapter 7: Agriculture and Fishery Rapidly progressing toward modernization and greater productivity
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES The total volume of agricultural production between 2004 and 2009 reached 55,409,870 MT, valued at PhP117.638 billion. Overall volume of production grew at an average annual rate of 4.6 percent while value of production grew by 5.9 percent. The average annual value of production over the period was PhP19.607 billion. This performance contributed to the 6.2 percent annual average growth rate of the agriculture and fishery sector‘s Gross Value Added (GVA) for the period 2004-2009. Among the major commodity groups, crops consistently contributed the biggest share to annual gross earnings at PhP11.566 billion. This is equivalent to a 59 percent share to the overall average annual earnings for the period. The poultry subsector contributed 14.8 percent with its PhP2.908 billion average annual earnings. Meanwhile, the livestock and fisheries subsectors contributed 13.1 percent. Table 34. Agricultural Production, Region X: 2004-2009 (in thousand metric tons) 2008
2009
Total
Ave.
8,260.7
10,122.9
10,422.0
52,994.6
8,832.4
AAGR (%) 4.6
461.3
501.9
551.3
583.3
3,022.6
503.8
4.6
938.2
964.3
1,048.3
1,127.6
1,170.6
6,176.8
1,029.5
4.8
1,494.2
1,548.8
1,491.1
1,669.3
1,713.4
1,743.3
9,660.1
1,610.0
3.1
3,583.5
2,875.3
3,100.5
2,559.6
3,421.4
3,493.1
19,033.4
3,172.2
-0.5
Banana
571.6
590.0
662.2
933.1
1,631.3
1,657.7
6,046.0
1,007.7
23.7
Pineapple
889.6
891.6
911.2
924.5
1,007.0
1,026.9
5,650.8
941.8
2.9
Other Crops Livestock and Poultry Fishery
402.0
432.0
529.0
624.0
671.0
747.0
3,405.0
567.5
13.2
228.4
242.6
258.5
268.2
286.9
302.5
1,587.2
264.5
5.8
125.4
127.4
126.8
143.0
149.8
155.5
828.0
138.0
4.4
Total 8,688.4 Source: BAS-X
8,105.0
8,504.9
8,672.0
10,559.6
10,880.0
55,409.9
9,235.0
4.6
Commodity
2004
2005
2006
8,334.5
7,734.9
8,119.6
Palay
465.9
459.0
Corn
927.7
Coconut Sugarcane
Crops
2007
Coconut and sugarcane dominated the industrial crops with a combined annual average value of output of PhP2.947 billion. Banana and pineapple, which shared the greatest bulk of total fruit production, posted combined average annual gross earnings of PhP2.637 billion in the last six years.
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Table 35. Value of Agricultural Production Region X: 2004-2009 (in million Pesos) 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
10,225
10,186
10,556
11,471
13,254
13,701
69,393
11,566
AAGR (%) 6.2
Livestock
2,307
2,400
2,481
2,584
2,722
2,879
15,373
2,562
4.5
Poultry
2,344
2,579
2,881
2,973
3,249
3,419
17,445
2,908
7.9
Fisheries
2,343
2,366
2,358
2,650
2,781
2,929
15,427
2,571
4.7
17,219
17,531
18,276
19,678
22,006
22,928
117,638
19,607
5.9
Commodity Crops
Total Source: DA-X
2009
Total
Average
Crops Development Rice Although productivity of rice slightly increased in both irrigated and rainfed areas between 2004 and 2009, it decreased between 2008 and 2009 in irrigated farms (from 4.14 mt/ha. to 4.08 mt/ha.) and between 2007 and 2008 in rainfed farms (from 3.11mt/ha. to 2.96 mt/ha). This resulted to the 18 percent shortfall in the plan‘s targeted palay production. The region‘s yield of 4.08 mt/ha in irrigated farms in 2009 is still below the potential productivity of 5 mt/ha (Table 36). Table 36. Gap Between Region X Productivity and the Potential Productivity based on ASEAN Countries Commodity Rice -irrigated Corn
Region X (2009)
Philippines
Potential based on ASEAN Performance
Gap (%) Region X
Philippines
4.08 mt/ha
4.0 mt/ha
5 mt/ha (Vietnam)
18
20
3.1 mt/ha
2.8 mt/ha
4.5 mt/ha (Thailand)*
31
38
Source: DA-X and ADB*
Low rice yields, even in irrigated farms are attributed to the low adoption of modern and productive technologies and infestation of pests and diseases in some areas. Also, some irrigation systems are already damaged and need immediate rehabilitation and improvement. Compounding to this situation is the problem on water availability and sufficiency in some areas being served by these systems. This occurs during dry season when water becomes insufficient, as discharges of water from the source decrease, to cover the entire service area of the systems. The systems adopted the rotational water delivery scheme to mitigate water insufficiency problem. The region achieved 75 percent and 81 percent rice sufficiency levels in 2008 and 2009, respectively. However, these were lower than the plan targets for the same years by 12 and 11 percentage points, respectively. This performance is mainly attributed to the deteriorating infrastructure facilities and other logistics support aggravated by damages caused by bad weather conditions that affected agricultural production. The rising per capita consumption had also contributed to the lower rice sufficiency levels during the period under review. An average of 93,965 MT of rice annually was imported to adequately meet the region‘s requirements.
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A total of 5,846,679 kgs of inbred/certified/hybrid rice seeds, or 80 percent of the plan target, were distributed to farmers. Despite the promising yield of hybrid varieties, some farmers refused to use them because these are expensive, supposedly susceptible to pest and diseases, and their seed supply is not locally available. Most farmers in the region do not have the financial capacity to engage in commercial production. Another concern affecting rice production is the utilization of prime rice lands to other crops, specifically banana. The shift in the use of land is generally due to lack of funding support for land development. Also, the lack of credit support facilities to farmers, limited marketing support to ensure price stability, inadequate processing and post harvest facilities, poor farm-to-market roads, and increasing cost of farm inputs discourage rice farming.
Corn Over the last six years, corn production totaled 6,176,770 MT. Despite its minimal annual growth of 4.8 percent, it exceeded the plan target by 31 percent. The net corn sufficiency levels for 2008 (111%) and 2009 (99%) surpassed the plan annual targets by 25 and nine percentage points, respectively. Meanwhile, the average annual yield during the plan period was 2.7 mt/ha. In 2009, the region was able to reach 3.1 mt/ha, which was still 31 percent lower than the potential yield of 4.5 mt/ha (Table 36). While there was an evident shift from white corn to yellow corn farming, some of the lands (from 393,149 hectares in 2004 to only 381,373 hectares in 2009) planted with the crop were shifted to sugarcane, pineapple, cassava and banana. Hence, corn production intruded into marginal/hilly areas. The concern on reduction in total corn production area is compounded with problems such as lack of post harvest facilities, bad condition of farm- to-market roads, limited access to credit, soil fertility depletion, soil erosion, high cost of production and marketing, and insufficient price support.
Fruits and Vegetables Among the fruits, banana registered the highest average production level at 1,008,000 MT and average annual production increase at 23.7 percent. Average annual value of banana production was PhP1.290 billion. Meanwhile, although pineapple posted a lower average production level (942,000 MT) than banana, it however posted a higher value of production at PhP1.347 billion. Overall, there is huge surplus in fruit production. This provides the opportunity for investments in post-harvest facilities and other value-adding activities. Meanwhile, tomato remained to be a major vegetable commodity valued at an annual average of PhP168 million. Development of high value vegetables such as lettuce, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and carrots were remarkable resulting from the clustering of production and marketing initiated by private organizations. However, the lack of disease-free planting materials and postharvest/packaging facilities, prevalence of pest and diseases and inaccessibility of prime vegetable areas slowed down the development of the vegetable industry.
Industrial Crops The region has been exerting efforts to revitalize its various traditional industrial crops such as, coconut registering an annual average gross earnings of PhP1.932 billion; coffee, PhP143 million; abaca, PhP9 million; and, rubber, PhP45 million. Incentives were provided for replanting of coconut
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trees. Good quality planting materials and production technologies were continually made available for the other three commodities through the establishment and maintenance of abaca nurseries, as well as coffee clonal and rubber budwood gardens. The low productivity and inadequate replanting materials are the principal issues facing the coconut industry. The main factors responsible for low productivity are the use of planting materials of low genetic potential and virtual absence of fertilizer use on nutritionally deficient coconut lands. Improper harvesting, drying and storage practices are responsible for poor quality resulting in low oil extraction rate and higher refining cost. The fast growing cassava industry, which provided a 19 percent increase in production in 2009, has a ready market. However, the industry has inadequate post-harvest facilities, especially for granulating and drying the products. In reviving the abaca industry, rehabilitation of unproductive abaca plantations and opening of new abaca plantations were done, thereby surpassing the plan targets by 39 and 82 percent, respectively. However, the industry is beset with lack of quality planting materials and prevalence of viral diseases such as abaca mosaic and bunchy top. With all the challenges and constraints confronting the industrial crops sector, the farmers are enticed to lease their farms to multi-national corporations rather than venture into farming by themselves. From 2004 to 2009, a total of 148,541 hectares of new agribusiness lands were developed. The output was 21 percent below the plan target of 188,871 hectares. This performance necessitates appropriate interventions to hasten full realization of the agri-business potentials of the region.
Livestock and Poultry Development The combined production of the livestock and poultry subsectors over the last six years totaled 2,415,250 MT. Output grew by 5.8 percent annually. Except for carabao, all livestock species showed rising trends as sustained increases in the number of fatteners were recorded during the period under review. Goat exhibited the highest growth of 9.53 percent yearly. This can be attributed to the investments in commercial goat production. Despite efforts to improve the genetic quality of breeding animals, the native breed still dominates the backyard farms. Meantime, insufficiency in milk is still a problem in the region. The marketing of livestock, especially to Luzon and Visayas, is hampered by limited cargo vessels with facilities to transport live animals, thus, challenged the industry to venture into shipping through ―meat in a box‖ mode. Meanwhile, selling of ―hot meat‖ proliferates in third to sixth class municipalities due to absence of slaughterhouses.
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Fishery Development The total volume of fishery production between 2004 and 2009 was 828 MT, valued at PhP15.427 billion. Volume of production grew at an average annual rate of 4.4 percent, while value of production grew by 4.7 percent on average. Among the subsectors, aquaculture provided the biggest contribution in terms of volume at 41 percent, and had an average annual increase of 5.13 percent. This can be attributed to the establishment of mariculture parks in Balingasag, Misamis Oriental and Sultan Naga Dimaporo in Lanao del Norte, as well as, the Sagay Multi-species Hatchery in Camiguin. While commercial fishing accounted for the second highest contribution in terms of volume at 31 percent, it grew only by 2.41 percent annually. Municipal fishing shared only 28 percent as a result of the declining fish catch caused by destruction of coral reefs and mangroves, overfishing and improper disposal of solid waste. Moreover, the impact of climate change affected the commercial and municipal fisheries production because of the following changes in the ecosystem: a) increased coral bleaching; b) increased shift of species; c) altered distribution, productivity and community composition of marine resources; d) loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of natural habitats; e) ocean acidification; f) changes in migration patterns of some species; and, g) 30 percent of species face extinction.
Irrigation and Other Infrastructure Support As of CY 2009, the region attained 46.11 percent level of irrigation development as the 56,845 hectares of the 123,272 hectares of the potential irrigable area had been provided with irrigation systems. This low level of irrigation development is due to inadequate funds for the establishment of irrigation facilities. A total of 693.76 kilometers of farm-to-market roads were constructed and rehabilitated utilizing the PhP1.12 billion from the following special programs and fund sources: a) Infrastructure for Rural Enhancement Sector (InfRES); b) Mindanao Rural Development Program (MRDP); c) Mindanao North Coast Integrated Area Development Program (MNCIADP); and d) DA-Central Office. Of the targeted 1,886 drying facilities, only 616 of them were distributed/established. These facilities included flatbed dryers, tarpaulins, cob dryers, and multi-purpose drying pavements. A farmer-level grain center was also established, complete with equipment while 182 grain warehouses were constructed. With insufficient funds, only five of the targeted 12 units of cold storage equipment were distributed. Another 148 post harvest facilities for various commodities were also provided to include trading posts, corn and rice mills, corn shellers, coffee dehullers, cassava and banana chippers, cassava granulator, hot water treatment tanks, and iron fortification mixing plant.
Agricultural Livelihood Projects The implementation of new programs, such as the MRDP and the MNCIADP during the later part of the plan period, provided available funds for livelihood projects. These were in addition to livelihood funds provided by the existing Livelihood Enhancement and Agricultural Development (LEAD) Project. A total of 173 livelihood projects were granted with a total funding support of PhP47.5 million that benefited about 2,000 beneficiaries.
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Agrarian Reform From 2004 to 2009, a total of 33,149 hectares were distributed regionwide under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), representing an accomplishment of almost 96 percent against the plan target of 34,420 hectares. In terms of Land Tenure Improvement (LTI), a total of 45,260 hectares have been covered with land titles and leasehold contracts that allowed 28,915 agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs) proprietary use of the lands (Table 37). Table 37. Land Tenure Improvement (CARP) Region X: 2004-2009 Particulars/Indicators Emancipation Patents (EPs) Issuance EPs Issued (no.) Area Covered (hectares) Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries covered (no.) Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) CLOAs Issued (no.) Area Covered (hectares) Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries covered (no.) Leasehold Operation Area Covered (hectares) Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries covered (no.) Total Area Covered (hectares) Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries covered (no.)
Accomplishment 136 225 121 12,515 32,924 24,158 12,561 4,636 45,260 28,915
Source: DAR-X
In support to the land acquisition and distribution, DENR-X has inspected, verified and approved surveys covering 22,658 hectares. On the disposition of agrarian justice involving judicial, quasi-judicial and agrarian law implementation cases, the region posted 87 percent accomplishment for the period 2004 to 2009 (Table 38). Efforts to develop and improve the capabilities of CARP beneficiaries through the Program Beneficiaries Development (PBD) resulted to empowered and pro-active partners in rural development. Various infrastructure projects have been provided to the agrarian reform areas. For foreign-assisted projects alone, a total of 49,550 ARBs have benefitted. In addition, 21 communal irrigation projects were completed to support the irrigation needs of ARBs.
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Table 38. Agrarian Justice Delivery (CARP) Region X: 2004 - 2009 Year 2004 2005
Received 2,308 1,830
Resolved/Disposed 1,952 1,448
% Accomplishment 84 79
2006 2007 2008 2009 Total
1,733 2,176 2,881 6,029 16,957
1,283 1,714 2,637 5,800 14,834
74 78 91 96 87
Source: DAR-X
As of June 2009, the region had a total of 162 Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) with 43,446 members, of which 48.9 percent were ARB-members (Table 39). Table 39. Status of Organization in the ARCs Region X, As of June 2009 No. of Organizations 401
No. of Members Male Female Total
No. of ARB Members Male Female Total
24,667
12,944
18,779
43,446
8,305
21,249
Source: DAR-X
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK In pursuit of attaining food security and rural development, the region shall adopt the Agri-Pinoy framework that endeavors to achieve countryside development, nurture sustainable agriculture, and manage natural resources to enhance productivity and increase food production. This framework shall focus on measures/interventions with long-term impact on productivity and incomes of farmers and fisherfolk. These include adoption of sustainable farming practices, provision of infrastructures and logistics systems, implementation of community-based agri-processing projects, promotion of self-help food production activities, intensify technology transfer and extension, and provision of other support services particularly training with capital/micro credit support and marketing assistance. With the devolution in the delivery of agriculture services, the role of local government units is highly recognized with the Department of Agriculture providing oversight and coordinative functions. Meanwhile, the role of the private sector and other concerned agencies is also critical to expand substantially the production base leading to modernization and improved productivity.
‌the region shall adopt the Agri-Pinoy framework that endeavors to achieve countryside development, nurture sustainable agriculture, and manage natural resources to enhance productivity and increase food production.
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Crops Development The crops sector shall pursue the following strategies within the plan period: Continue promotion of multi-cropping/integrated farming systems and crop diversification in lowland and upland ecosystems; Intensify promotion of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification, organic farming and balanced fertilization; Increase adoption/practice of cost-efficient and proven package of technologies (POTs) to increase productivity and production; Strengthen and widen coverage for extension, education and training support; Enhance production of disease-free planting materials and intensify integrated pest management and utilization of biological control agents; Intensify and encourage LGU-based and community-based seed production system; Increase credit access and expand marketing assistance; Promote clustering of small-sized farms (i.e., implementation of program under a small farm cluster-based approach); Strengthen crops quarantine activities in all ports of entry; Intensify participation in the risk reducing mechanism such as crop insurance; Continue the conduct of various research studies on crops to generate and verify technologies concerning production, post harvest and marketing, climate change tolerance, and resistance to emerging pest and disease; and, Promote the transformation of farmlands into agribusiness enterprises through collaborative efforts of the government, private investors and crop associations.
Livestock and Poultry Development This sector shall give priority focus to the following: Intensify promotion of good agricultural practices (GAP) for livestock; Intensify the genetic improvement program with involvement of the LGUs and the private sector while privatizing the artificial insemination program; Establish community-based/LGU-based breeder production farms (Multiplier Farms); Infuse new dairy cattle; Intensify disease surveillance, prevention and control of highly contagious and zoonotic diseases (e.g. brucellosis, anthrax, rabies and H5N1 or bird flu); Strengthen the livestock quarantine activities in all ports of entry; Intensify support services for slaughter operations in strategic areas and devise and implement measures to minimize or eliminate trading of ―hot meat‖; Intensify participation in the risk reducing mechanism such as livestock insurance; and
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Promote livestock/poultry enterprise development and value adding such as ―meat in a box‖, egg powder and others.
Fishery Development The fishery sector shall implement the following measures in the next six years: Intensify campaign and coordination with the local government units against illegal fishing activities and destructive fishing methods along with monitoring, control and surveillance activities; Increase fishery production through Aquaculture Development and improved infrastructure in fisheries such as cold storage and post-harvest facilities which reduces spoilage of fishery products; Strengthen market linkages on both domestic and foreign markets; Comprehensive promotion program of fishery products that have potentials for export and market expansion; and, Adaptation and mitigation to climate change through research and distribution of species adaptable to changing climatic conditions; promotion of an integrated coastal and fisheries management; improved aquaculture practices; effective use of genetic resources; and improved infrastructure in fisheries.
Irrigation and Other Infrastructure Support The sector shall continuously pursue in assisting marginalized farmers improve their productivity through the provision of appropriate irrigation and other infrastructure facilities: Establish and rehabilitate irrigation systems; Establish and rehabilitate farm-to-market roads; Improve production and post harvest facilities and equipment; and Establish local seed production system and facilities, inclusive of seed quality control laboratory.
Agricultural Livelihood Projects The region will continue to mobilize resources to support peoples‘ organizations in the countryside to undertake community livelihood activities. Production-marketing linkages shall be strengthened in the region and technical assistance shall also be provided to transform these livelihood undertakings into successful agribusiness ventures.
Agrarian Reform The three major components of CARP are as follows: a) Land Tenure Improvement; b) Agrarian Justice Delivery; and c) Program Beneficiaries Development. Improved land tenure security of ARBs and improved farm productivity of ARCs shall continue to be pursued. These shall involve land acquisition and distribution, leasehold operations, capacity development, agribusiness promotion, micro-credit assistance and provision of infrastructures such as, but not limited to farm-to-market roads and bridges to link ARCs to the markets. Acquisition and distribution of the remaining
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coverable lands shall continue until 30 June 2014 as prescribed under RA 9700 extending CARP for five years after its expiration in June 2009. By 2011, Land Tenure Improvement-Project Beneficiaries Development (LTI-PBD) integration shall be pursued. Interventions shall be done simultaneously to ensure focused delivery of assistance to ARBs. The corresponding CLOA beneficiaries shall be the source target for support services. To meet the societal goal of poverty alleviation and rural development, there shall be intensified coordination by the concerned agencies, LGUs and the civil society organizations to sustain the initial gains of the program that includes agrarian peace and countryside stability, social justice for ARBs and landowners and agri-based rural industrialization. Table 40. Agriculture and Fishery Targets Region X: 2011-2016 Commodity Rice - Suff. Level (%) Production (MT) Yield (MT/Ha.) Corn - Suff. Level ( %) Production (MT) Yield (MT/Ha.) Vegetables Suff. Level (%) Production (MT) Fruits - Suff. Level (%) Production (MT) Livestock Beef - Suff. Level(%) Production (MT) Carabeef Suff. Level (%) Production (MT) Pork - Suff. Level (%) Production (MT) Chevon Suff. Level (%) Production (MT) Chicken meat Sufficiency Level (%) Production (MT) Fisheries: Sufficiency Level (%) - With seaweeds - Without seaweeds Production: - Commercial (MT) - Municipal: Inland (MT) Marine (MT) - Aquaculture with seaweeds (MT) - Aquaculture without seaweeds (MT) Source: DA-X
2011 72.48 637,387 4.24 81.01 1,228,789 3.65 87 117,615 719 3,053,176
2012 78.27 699,067 4.54 79.74 1,290,229 3.77 88 121,611 741 3,189,998
2013 85.36 774,288 4.85 78.36 1,354,740 3.89 90 125,770 761 3,327,575
2014 88.11 812,372 4.95 76.87 1,422,477 4.05 90 130,337 768 3,471,575
2015 90.35 846,861 5.05 75.28 1,493,601 4.2 93 137,200 789 3,622,323
2016 93.1 887,317 5.16 73.6 1,566,281 4.35 97 144,668 811 3,780,164
295 34,973 572 7,523 263 142,708 1499 6,857
296 35,673 568 7,609 293 149,843 1577 7,337
297 36,386 564 7,685 302 157,335 1660 7,850
298 37,114 561 7,762 312 165,202 1747 8,400
299 37,856 557 7,839 322 173,462 1839 8,988
300 38,613 553 7,918 333 182,135 1935 9,617
362
395
432
471
515
562
109,754
121,627
136,228
150,103
166,614
184,941
124 96
127 98
130 102
134 103
137 106
141 109
47,841
48,798
49,774
50,769
51,785
52,821
4,882 42,937
5,809 45,084
6,913 47,338
8,226 49,705
9,789 52,190
11,649 54,799
74,032
77,734
81,621
85,702
89,987
94,486
35,536
37,312
41,178
42,137
43,194
45,353
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Chapter 8: Education and Youth Empowerment Building up human capital and contributing to economic growth
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES In cognizance of the potency of education in building human capital, facilitating economic growth and breaking the seemingly endless cycle of poverty, various commitments have been made to address the issues pertaining to access, equity, quality, and relevance. These include commitments to Education for All (EFA) 2015 and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, many of the issues still require further urgent interventions in order to translate the commitments into real educational benefits for everyone, particularly for the children and youth.
Early Childhood and Basic Education Access and Equity Working towards the EFA and MDG targets of providing universal access to primary education together remain a tall order for the region. The current participation rates indicate that a large number of children are not able to enjoy their basic human and constitutional right to basic education. In SY 2008-2009, the participation rates remained low at 81.8 percent in the elementary level and 54.7 percent in the secondary level. Both rates fell short of the targets of the previous plan period. While the rates in both levels have been generally on the uptrend since SY 2006-2010, the rate of progress is unimpressive. Within the principle of inclusive education, the education system continued to encourage increased participation of all children, male and female, and from all socio-cultural background. In SY 20092010, public and private schools catered to 998,578 preschool, elementary and secondary students. About 20 percent or 173,178 students in public schools are from various indigenous groups. Meanwhile, enrolment among children with special needs (CSNs) totaled 3,111. It is noted that about 70 percent of these students are in regular classes or classes for non-CSN students. In a classroom setting with predominantly non-CSN students, the needs of the CSNs generally tend to be neglected. The progress of improving literacy had likewise been very slow, indicating low probability of attaining the MDG target literacy rate for the region of 100 percent by 2015. Over the 19-year period from 1989 to 2008, basic literacy rate increased only by 3.4 percentage points, from 90.5 percent to 93.9 percent. Meanwhile, functional literacy posted a faster pace of improvement during the same period, increasing by 9.4 percentage points, from 76.5 percent to 85.9 percent. The region‘s literacy rates are lower than the national rates. For basic literacy, the national rate is 95.6 percent, higher by 1.7 percentage points than that of Region X. The national functional literacy
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rate of 86.4 percent is higher by 0.5 percentage point. Among the 17 regions, Region X ranked seventh both in terms of basic and functional literacy rates. In general, illiteracy is prevalent in remote and in conflict-affected areas, as well as in povertystricken areas. These findings indicate the need to continually intensify and expand the coverage of Alternative Learning System (ALS) in said areas, alongside efforts to improve access to formal education, as a means to improve equity of access and literacy, both among OSY and adults.
Efficiency Meanwhile, various internal efficiency indicators confirm the need for urgent intervention to optimize the use of resources allocated for basic education. Actual repetition rate, dropout rate, completion rate and cohort survival rate fell short of plan targets. The SY 2009-2010 elementary and secondary repetition rates of 2.84 percent and 3.41 percent, respectively, indicate that more than 25,000 students are still in the same grade or year level that they were enrolled in during the previous school year. In addition, the dropout rates for both levels indicate that an average of 20,000 elementary and high school students abandon school each year during the last plan period. This large number of annual dropouts is manifested in the low cohort survival rates (CSR).
‌findings indicate the need to continually intensify and expand the coverage of Alternative Learning System in conflict-affected and poverty-stricken areas
Actual dropout and cohort survival rates have been consistently below the annual plan targets over the last five years. On one hand, the elementary level CSR for SY 20092010 is only 65.74 percent, 11 percentage points lower than the plan target. On the other hand, secondary CSR for the same SY is lower than the plan target by 14.23 percentage points. Although the trend is generally increasing since SY 2006-2007, the annual progress however is very slow. Most of elementary children who dropped out of school did so between the first and second grades. The frequently cited interrelated reasons for dropping out are poverty, undernourishment and short-term
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hunger. In addition, first and second graders who dropped out were not adequately prepared for school. It was observed that majority of them did not attend pre-school. Meanwhile, high school dropouts are usually forced to work to augment family income. Assuming that the current elementary and secondary CSR, completion and transition rates of the region will remain constant over time, together these rates will imply that of a cohort of 100 students who enter grade one, only 36 will graduate from high school. Applying the national level cohort and completion rates for tertiary education, there will only be approximately 13 college graduates of the said cohort.
Quality Another alarming concern is the performance of students in the National Achievement Test. The Mean Percentage Scores (MPS) have remained very low over time, indicating that students are far from achieving subject mastery. It is noted, however that in the last five years, MPS at the elementary level have been steadily on the uptrend while that of the secondary level have been erratic. In SY 2008-2009, the MPS for the elementary and secondary levels are 64.73 percent and 47.5 percent, respectively. Among the subjects, elementary students scored the lowest in Science with a mean percentage score of 57.53 percent, followed by English and HEKASI with 61.77 percent and 66.6 percent, respectively. Meanwhile, the secondary students scored lowest in Math (41.40%), Filipino (44.79%) and Science (45.97%). The shortages in teachers, classrooms, chairs and textbooks largely determined the quality of education provided by the public education system. In addition to these are concerns on the quality of the curriculum, level of teacher competency, and effectiveness of methods of instruction and technologies used. These affected the extent of learning by the students, and the overall quality of basic education. The various shortages resulted from the insufficiency of development spending for such huge and expanding sector. While the DepEd budget is one of the largest within the region, the budget has never been enough to adequately provide the needs of the sector. Per capita (student) budget has been declining, given a reenacted DepEd budget and a continually growing student population.
‌in the last five years, Mean Percentage Scores at the elementary level have been steadily on the uptrend while that of the secondary level have been erratic.
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Teacher needs as of SY 2009-2010 reached 2,953. Classroom and seating needs were estimated at 2,156 and 209,286, respectively. Along curriculum content, it is deemed overcrowded and cannot be covered within a school year. Moreover, there is clamor for continual curriculum enrichment to integrate Islamic and IP values, sports, culture and traditions. Clearly, a lot remains to be done to set the sector on track of its regional targets, as well as to the MDG and EFA commitments. In a recent report of DepEd on the comparative performance of the 17 regions in the country, Region X is catching up in terms of elementary level net enrolment ratio, completion rate and NAT MPS. However, it is falling behind in terms of dropout rate. At the secondary level, the region is falling behind most of the regions in the country in terms of net enrolment ratio, dropout rate and completion rate. Meanwhile, in the ranking of all schools divisions in the country, three divisions in the region are in the bottom 40 in terms of elementary level performance along NAT MPS, net enrolment ratio, completion rate and dropout rate. These are the divisions of Lanao del Norte (bottom 19), Bukidnon (24) and Misamis Occidental (38). The divisions of Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon are bottom 11 and 27 in terms of secondary level performance. Overall, Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon are in the bottom 40 divisions in terms of both elementary and secondary level performance.
Technical Vocational Education and Training The efforts of the TVET sector in the last five years focused in addressing the skills requirements of the labor market, upgrading or developing new competencies to enhance employability, and improving productivity to respond to the needs of the industry and of the growing economy. Over the last five years (2004-2009), enrolment of school-based training program generally posted good accomplishment. The highest accomplishment was in 2006 (304%) three times higher than plan target. However, for center-based training, it posted a dismal accomplishment of 47.5 percent in 2009 but, performance exceeded in 2004, 2005, and 2008. Meanwhile, the enterprise-based TVET program registered remarkable performance which was three to four times higher than plan targets. The decline in enrolment and graduates is due to the closure of TVET programs by institutions which are non-compliant to standards or regulations of TESDA. Along graduate referral/employment, a total of 25,186 skilled workers were employed and/or deployed from 2005 to 2009. Part of the benefits afforded to these applicants is the provision of livelihood packages especially for the displaced OFWs and jobseekers through launching of job fairs. On Competency Assessment and Certification (CAC), to ensure that job-ready students/workers obtain certification as an additional credential and to determine the level of qualification, 70,130 trainees underwent mandatory assessment of competency prior to graduation. On an annual basis, the number of assessed trainees posted significant increases except in 2006, which was 12.4 percent short of plan target. On the other hand, performance quadrupled in 2009 (397%). The number of programs registered continuously surpassed the plan targets over the last five years. This implies increasing number of programs that are compliant to the TESDA requirements and standards. Although, there was a fluctuating trend in the number of registered programs audited due to the necessary upgrading of the training curricula, it still significantly surpassed plan targets.
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Various scholarship programs were intensified during the plan period to ensure equity and access in skills acquisition among the poor, but deserving students, as well as widen access to post secondary education. Accomplishment in scholarship programs over the last five years reached a total of 4,204 scholars for PESFA, and a hefty 23,561 scholars under the Training for Work Scholarship Program (TWSP) or the PGS/PGMA. The TWSP contributed significant level of achievement in terms of promoting TVET programs and producing employable graduates both at the local and overseas market. Other scholarships which include Iskolar ng Mahirap na Pamilya benefitted 2,503 scholars, though this was implemented in years 2005-2007only. On the overall, the TVET sector achieved significant performance along training, employment generation and facilitation, and scholarship programs. This is due to the massive IEC program, LGUs‘ support, and increase in budgetary support for the sector. These highly contributed to the acceptance and recognition of TVET among the youth and the workers including support from the private sector. Meanwhile, the positive performance on scholarships can be attributed to the strengthened advocacy on TVET and the significant increase in funding of the continuing advocacy on blue collar jobs. This continuously gained more popularity as more TVET graduates are hired overseas, while others are employed through TESDA‘s job matching and referral programs. Even with the modest achievements of the sector, the following challenges have to be continually addressed in the plan period, namely: 1) promoting TVET as an attractive and viable career opportunity; 2) improving labor market information addressing the labor demand and supply gaps and matching problems; 3) institutionalizing the Philippine National Qualification Framework (PNQF) and a system of skills/qualification progression and career shifts; 4) continuing quality improvement in TVET provision; 5) expanding access and equity to TVET, especially for the poor and vulnerable sectors; 6) strengthening industry-TVET linkage, including enterprise-based training; and 7) ensuring sustainable financing for TVET.
Higher Education The higher education sector remains steadfast in achieving its set goals and objectives and in putting primacy to quality education and accessible lifelong learning from early childhood development, to primary, secondary, and tertiary learning, to include a ladderized interface between vocational-technical and college education. This is to critically and strategically respond to the human resource development challenges and ensure that post secondary and higher education are in line with market demands.
Quality and Excellence To ensure quality assurance and excellence, compliance to standards and adherence to guidelines on higher education is constantly monitored. As such, CHED awarded seven Centers of Excellence to State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in various fields, while 16 Centers of Development were also awarded to a few private and public institutions. These institutions have demonstrated the highest degree or level of standard along the areas of instruction, and research and extension. In 2009, CHED granted an Autonomous Status to two of the private universities in Cagayan de Oro (CDO) in recognition of the institutions‘ committed service through quality education. Likewise, to support and value the significant role of higher education institutions and academic community and to ensure the quality of standards of the schools, the CHED adopted the Institutional Monitoring and Evaluation for
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Quality Assurance (IQuAME). In 2009, CHED awarded one private university in CDO with A(t) Category status, the second highest status to accredit higher education institutions (HEIs).
Relevance and Responsiveness Vis-à-vis the growing number of tertiary age population and the increasing global market demands, the region has now a total of 82 HEIs. While the number of HEIs increases, the higher education sector continues to hurdle the various challenges in terms of its relevance and responsiveness in the labor market. The number of graduates during the plan period posted a fluctuating trend. For the first two school years (2004-2005 and 2005-2006), it exceeded its annual target. However, in the succeeding school years, it barely met the targets. In SY 2008-2009, a total of 19,037 graduates were registered of which Medical and Allied courses accounted for 27.5 percent, followed by Business Administration (22%), and Education and Teacher Training (13%), Engineering and Technology (11%), and IT (6%). Except in SY 2006-2007, enrolment at the tertiary level consistently recorded an increasing trend during the plan period, but remained dramatically lower than plan targets. For AY 2009-2010, enrolment increased by 3.6 percent compared with the previous year. This was practically due to the increase of population in the BS in Hotel and Restaurant Management/Hospitality Management program. Likewise, due to increasing global market demands, Medical and allied courses consistently topped the list of preferred courses from 2004 until 2007. However, starting 2008, the trend of enrolment shifted to Business Education as the top enrolled program followed by Medical and allied courses, Teacher Education, Engineering and Information Technology. As to geographical distribution, both in the number of graduates and enrolment, Cagayan de Oro remained to have the biggest share, followed by Iligan and Bukidnon.
Access and Equity Along broadening access and equity, there are a total of 16 scholarship programs offered in the region. As of SY 2008-2009, there were 4,467 grantees under the Traditional and Congressional Grant Programs with about PhP47 million funds support. This is an increase of 18 percent over the number of grantees in SY 2007-2008, and a 57 percent augmentation in terms of funds support. A new scholarship program called ―One Town One Scholar‖ was implemented by CHED with 85 students awarded as ―Town Scholars‖ for SY 2009-2010. Although funds support continued to increase annually, scholarship slots dwindled over the last five years due to limited fund scholarship scheme. The existing financial grant to scholars is not enough to meet the increase in tuition and other school fees, and higher cost of living. Moreover, the delayed transfer of funds from the CHED Central Office caused difficulties in terms of sustaining the scholars/grantees‘ basic economic needs. The situation affected the performance of scholars in school, while the others were forced to drop out. Also the non-payment of Study Now-Pay Later (SNPL) graduates to the government continued to shrink the already limited scholarship funds. Thus, there is a need to intensively monitor the return of collections of SNPL. Also, there is a call on the need to increase the budget and its timely release for scholarship programs to lessen incidence of dropouts.
…scholarship slots dwindled over the last five years due to limited fund scholarship scheme.
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Efficiency and Effectiveness For tuition fee matters, for AY 2008-2009, there were 28 HEIs which applied for tuition fee increase or 37 percent compared to 36 percent in the previous year. All applicants were private HEIs and none applied from the public state, colleges and universities. For AY 2009-2010, there were only 13 HEIs that applied for tuition fee increase. Common compelling reasons for the increase are: a) increase the salary and other benefits of the teaching and non-teaching personnel, and b) improvement and modernization of facilities and equipment. Other important milestones included the institutionalization of research or research culture to provide scientific inputs in the implementation of programs, project monitoring and evaluation activities. For SY 2009-2010, 18 research entries from various universities in the region for the National Republika Awards competition were evaluated and two entries were also submitted for Best Research Journal competition. For the CHED Outstanding Extension Program Award, the entry from Capitol University of CDO won the first prize at the regional level and later won the third prize at the national level. On the selection of Ten Outstanding Researches in the country sponsored by the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research (PAIR), two of the awardees came from Liceo de Cagayan University. Another alternative mode of learning is delivered through the Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program (ETEEAP). Also, the institutionalization of the Ladderized Education Program (LEP) which served as a mechanism that allows students and workers progression between TVET and higher education though has been put in place, still requires a lot of efforts for better appreciation and full acceptance among the HEIs. Overall, improving access to higher education remains a continuous challenge along with the need to improve the quality of graduates for a strong human capital responsive to labor market demands. CHED and the HEIs, and partners particularly the industry sector must collectively work in ensuring quality and relevant instruction, production, research and extension. Attracting students to priority courses through direct assistance and scholarships shall likewise be carried out. Expanded scholarships and other forms of student assistance shall be prioritized to broaden access to higher education among the disadvantaged sectors. Institutions providing scholarships and other financial assistance shall ensure equal opportunities for men and women, and for urban and rural beneficiaries. LGUs shall be encouraged to continue with their existing scholarships and educational assistance projects, particularly for those disadvantaged, but deserving constituents. Procedures and eligibility requirements of various scholarships and financial assistance schemes administered by national government agencies shall be widely disseminated to ensure wider coverage.
Youth Empowerment The various efforts toward empowering children and the youth have yet to produce more pronounced results. As discussed in the earlier sections and in the previous chapters, the youth are confronted with issues along education, participation, employment, and health (Chapter 6), among others. Youth participation in community and political activities remains low and receives less recognition. The potential of youth involvement through the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) and youth organizations has not yet been fully realized and requires further strengthening. In addition, volunteerism remains an area wanting wider youth participation.
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Meanwhile, the problem of juvenile delinquency needs to be dealt with before the problem worsens. Petty crimes, such as theft, are becoming common offenses by the youth. In terms of employment, a primary concern is the low labor market absorption of the youth members of the labor force, both for skilled and unskilled employment. Other issues are along income levels, benefits and working conditions. Child labor, while not rampant in the region, remains among the largely undocumented/unreported issues confronting children, particularly in the agriculture and mining sectors. On health, while there is generally lack of information at the regional level, the latest Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study (YAFSS) of 2002 showed the following findings at the national level: 47 percent of the youth have tried smoking; 67 percent have tried drinking alcohol; 11 percent or 1.8 million have tried illegal drugs; 12 percent have ever thought of suicide; and 23 percent have engaged in premarital sex. These risks behaviors lead to unwanted, unsafe and accidental pregnancies and five percent of ever pregnant adolescent have at least one abortion experience. These point to the need to prioritize the provision of access to appropriate intervention and services for the children and youth.
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK The overall goal of the entire education sector is to build human capacities that will translate to empowerment at the individual level, and contribute to sustained economic growth and better standard of living for all at the macro level. This is a highly desired outcome given the slow progress towards attaining literacy targets, persistent high level of income inequality and incidence of poverty, despite the region‘s being the biggest economy and one of the fastest growing in Mindanao. Towards this end, there shall be stronger collaboration and coordination between and among the different education sector duty bearers, both from the public and private sectors, with the DepEd, TESDA and CHED together as lead.
Basic Education Given that education is a basic human right, a major human capital forming sector and a critical factor towards effective poverty reduction, the overall goal of the sector is to provide the region‘s children, illiterates and out of school population with better and equitable access to quality basic education. Consistent with the principle of inclusion under EFA 2015, the delivery of formal basic education, from early childhood to elementary and high school, and alternative learning systems for OSYs, adult learners and education for person with special needs will be strengthened and expanded. In addition, emphasis will also be given to improving quality. This is to ensure that graduates of the basic education system will acquire the basic skills and adequate preparation for higher level of training and/or education. This will likewise guarantee the building up of the needed human capital to realize greater productivity and economic growth.
…the delivery of formal basic education, from early childhood to elementary and high school, and alternative learning systems… will be strengthened and expanded.
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Towards this end, the following strategies will be vigorously pursued:
Access and Equity Expand and advocate for participation to early childhood care and education; Enhance access for children with special needs and children from IP groups; Intensify the delivery and expand the coverage of the Alternative Learning System services (including community-based programs designed to increase level of literacy of OSYs and adults in remote and conflict-affected areas); Forge partnerships (public-private, public-public) particularly in underdeveloped and underserved areas to hasten the pace of providing education, both formal and non-formal; Massive advocacy to parents and communities designed to increase school participation among children; and Improve physical accessibility of schools to communities.
Efficiency Undertake continuing capacity building program for school administrators and teachers; Provide incentives for students to perform well in school and to stay in school; and Integrate health and education services to improve school participation and retention, particularly in the poorest areas.
Quality Lengthen basic education to address overall quality issues; Increase the investment in basic education through higher DepEd budget; more infusion of local, senatorial, congressional funds; Better targeting to benefit poorest and where shortages in physical facilities, teachers, and instructional materials are most evident; Maximize the contribution from local government units; Accelerate provision of critical school resources deemed crucial in improving learning outcomes (teachers, classroom, chairs, textbooks, and other instructional materials); Ensure the sanctity of contact time and limit disruptions to classes; Regular review and updating/ enrichment of curriculum; Require every school to continuously perform better; enhance instructional supervisory skills among school heads; Intensify remedial interventions to improve teacher and student performance; Expand/revitalize technical vocational education in high school; Intensify and enhance ICT programs both at the elementary and secondary levels; and Strengthen the implementation of RA 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
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Below are the corresponding major development targets. Table 41. Basic Education Targets Region X: SY 2011-2012 to SY 2015-2016 Indicator
SY 20112012
SY 20122013
SY 20132014
SY 20142015
SY 20152016
Projected Enrolment Elementary
641,413
654,241
667,326
680,672
694,286
Secondary
229,016
233,596
238,268
243,033
247,894
84 58
86 60
88 62
90 64
92 66
Elementary
69
71
73
75
77
Secondary
74
76
78
80
82
Elementary
65
67
69
71
73
Secondary
69
71
73
75
77
9 11
8.5 10.5
8 10
7.5 9.5
7 9
Elementary
1.8 : 1
1.6 : 1
1.4 : 1
1.2 : 1
1:1
Secondary
1.1 : 1
1:1
1:1
1:1
1:1
Participation Rate* Elementary Secondary Cohort Survival Rate*
Completion Rate*
Dropout Rate Elementary Secondary Textbook - Pupil/Student Ratio
Gender Parity Index Elementary Secondary Classroom - Pupil/Student Ratio
1 1
Elementary
1:39
1:39
1:39
1:39
1:39
Secondary
1:49
1:47
1:46
1:45
1:45
Projected Classroom Needs Elementary Secondary Construction of Classroom Elementary Secondary
559
878
1,202
1,532
1,867
1,279
1,377
1,480
1,584
1,690
150
153
157
161
164
98
100
102
104
106
*MDG target for 2015 is 100%
Technical Vocational Education and Training The TVET sector shall respond to the current and emerging local, national and global development trends. The National Summit on Labor and Employment (NSLE) held in Davao City (October 2010) identified the challenges of the Human Resource Development sector in the next five years.
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Responsiveness of the sector is crucial in view of trade liberalization that brings about freer movement of human capital and bigger investment inflows which opened the door to wider employment opportunities and increased competition among the workforce. Given the above-indicated scenario, the workforce has to be competent and equipped with the necessary skills to be able to compete and be gainfully employed. The specific set of characteristics of a workforce aptly called ―21st century skills‖ shall be adopted to reinforce employability. Thus, the NSLE laid down key thematic approaches where TVET policies and programs should be aligned: a) inclusive education and training; b) generic and higher order thinking skills; c) public-private, community and social partnership; d) education for sustainable development; e) modularized education system (MES), livelihood and entrepreneurship development; f) demand-driven education and training and labor market information system; g) ICT-enabled system for education and training; and h) quality management system and accreditation, and licensing and certification. These priorities requires the TVET sector to translate and align its policies, programs and services towards addressing its challenges to be able to significantly contribute to the high and sustained economic growth of the region. In the plan period, the sector objectives/outcomes shall be attained with the corresponding strategies: 1) Improved competence and employability of TVET graduates Institutionalize Labor Market Information System (LMIs) as an active instrument of labor market policy; Organize labor market network for TVET as data providers on updated market information and employment prospects, and as a recommending body on labor market concerns; and Require TVET providers to monitor the employment status of their graduates. 2) Compliance to TESDA‘s requirements/standards to ensure continuing quality improvement in TVET provision Monitor compliance of TVIs with the minimum requirements as prescribed under the promulgated training regulation; Encourage TVIs to offer relevant courses that are responsive to the local and global labor market demands; Encourage TVIs to adopt Ladderized Education program (LEP); and Work out Equivalency Program between TVIs and higher institutions to provide interface between tech-voc and higher degree courses not only as means of attracting enrolees, but also providing opportunities for higher learning. 3) Improved quality provision to TVET through strengthened Industry –TVET – LGU linkage, including enterprise-based training Encourage entrepreneurship and strongly support enterprise development through the provision of post training services as access to microcredit facilities; and development of marketing strategies; and Intensify strategic alliances and collaborative efforts with the various TVET stakeholders in the region.
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4) Intensified competency assessment and certification Institutionalize competency assessment and certification among TVET stakeholders 5) Improved equity and access for TVET beneficiaries21 Inclusive Education: Massive training (school-based, center-based, community-based, enterprise-based); Establish an integrated scholarship scheme to improve equity and access to TVET opportunities; Generate funds and optimize the use of available financing resources for scholarship that will ensure immediate employment; Embed generic and HOT skills into basic and common competencies of the Training Regulations (TR); Advocate and secure effective public-private community and social partnerships; Embed on the training regulations ―safety practices‖ compliant to international protocols and conventions; Modularized Education System (MES) Livelihood and Entrepreneurship Development; Demand-driven education and training; ICT-enabled system for education and training; and Quality Management and Accreditation and Licensing and Certification. 6) Increased awareness of TVET programs and ensure matching of skills and jobs Widen access to career profiling for greater job fit.
Higher Education Access to quality higher education must be afforded to all Filipinos as a basic human right. The government shall continue to provide an enabling environment and exercise efficient resource allocation for the effective management of the higher education system. Hence, the higher education sector shall continue to be proactive in mobilizing knowledge to directly contribute to the development of human resource and productivity. It will continue to formulate policies, standards, and procedures supportive to the four pillars of the sector, namely: a) quality and excellence; b) relevance and responsiveness; c) access and equity; and d) efficiency and effectiveness. For the next six years, efforts will be directed to the following priority strategies:
Quality and Excellence Improve the quality of HEIs programs and graduates to match the demands of domestic and global markets; and
21 Based on the HRD Framework, 2011-2016
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Strict enforcement of standards and evaluation of HEIs through rigorous and transparent system for autonomous and deregulated status, COEs and CODs‘ programs.
Relevance and Responsiveness Expand alternative learning systems/modalities of higher learning; and Strengthen research and extension activities in SUCs and HEIs.
Access and Equity Broaden the access of economically and socially disadvantaged groups to higher education and rechanneling some public resources directly to students to promote greater purchasing power and freedom of choice of educational opportunities.
Efficiency and Effectiveness Rationalize governance and financing higher education in a manner that would unleash institutional creativity and entrepreneurship. Please refer to Annex for Key Employment Generators and the strategic framework and REMM of the region’s State Universities and Colleges (SUCs)
Youth Empowerment In order to optimize the contribution of the youth in nation building, both as current citizens and future workers and/or leaders, the region will endeavor to empower them and inculcate in them a great sense of pride for country and culture. This requires synergistic efforts of the home, the school and the community in molding the youth and in drawing out their capacities. The corresponding strategic priority actions will be focused on protecting those who are at risk, developing those who have the potentials, providing opportunities, and instilling Filipino values and social responsibility. In addition to the strategies along education, which are either directly or indirectly contributory to children and youth empowerment, and to the sectoral strategies indicated in the earlier chapters, the following strategies will likewise be pursued: Strengthen the youth‘s capacity to actively participate in community and nation building; Conduct a wide information dissemination of youth programs and projects; Strengthen the role of academe, media and LGUs (communities) in the promotion of history, culture and sports; Provide enabling policy environment for youth development and participation; Promote general health and development among the youth through friendly- health programs and services; Develop models for adolescent-friendly health services and environment; and Reduce the proportion of unplanned pregnancies and unmet need for family planning among young people.
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III. RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX
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Chapter 9: Science and Technology Hastening progress towards greater productivity, competitiveness, job creation and economic growth Given that Science and Technology (S&T) is key in bringing forth greater productivity and competitiveness, job creation and economic growth, the region puts it as one of the major regional development agenda in the next six years. As such, the sector will take a more proactive role in contributing to various regional development efforts. This is expected to instigate the mobilization of technological knowledge and capacities in the creation, development and production of new, diversified, competitive, and high-value applications, such as inventions and innovations, which are of importance to economic life.
I. ASSESSMENT AND CHALLENGES The S&T sector continued to contribute to the socio-economic development of the region, particularly in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) development. The upgrading and improvement of MSMEs was achieved through technology transfer and commercialization efforts and provision of scientific and technological services, spearheaded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-X). The Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading (SET-UP) program is among the interventions that assisted the local MSMEs in implementing technological innovations and improvements in their operations. Assistance to MSMEs also covered developing designs and upgrading facilities for packaging, enhancing their manpower capability to deliver highest quality of services; installing state of the art information technology service on packaging trends, standards, regulations, patents, and technical journals/references; and widening of external linkages. The Regional Standards and Testing Laboratories (RSTL) of Region X has been instrumental in enabling the government to be in the forefront of providing scientific and technological services. It features laboratories for calibration services, microbiological testing, chemical testing, metal testing and accelerated shelf-life testing. These laboratories assisted manufacturers in maintaining high quality products standards; assist consumers in ensuring the quality of goods; assist government agencies in their regulatory functions; and assist researchers in their R&D activities. Despite the foregoing accomplishments, the sector will have to address the following challenges to be an effective contributor to productivity, competitiveness, economic growth and job creation.
The Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SET-UP) is among the interventions that assisted the local MSMEs in implementing technological innovations and improvements in their operations.
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Inadequate S&T Human Resource Capability Building This issue is reflected in the low passing rates of applicants for scholarships for S&T high school and undergraduate programs, as well as poor performance of public and private elementary and high school students in national achievement tests (NATs) along Mathematics, Science, and English. In the case of Region X, of the 1,899 graduating elementary pupils for SY 2009-2010, only 74 (or 4%) qualified for the Philippine Science High School scholarships qualified. This was equivalent to 82 percent availment rate given the 90 scholarship slots available for Region X. Similar poor performance is observed in the application for DOST‘s undergraduate scholarships under its RA 7687 and Merit Programs. For school years 2004-2005 to 2007-2008, of the 5,175 examinees (or an average of 1,294 examinees yearly) vying to avail of the said scholarships, only 675 (or 13%) qualified. Performance of grade six and 2nd year high school students of both public and private schools in NAT in Mathematics, Science and English is also alarming. For SY 2009-2010, the grade six pupils rated very poor in NAT; the second year high school students rated poor. If the foregoing will not be addressed, the region will not be able to contribute in alleviating the country‘s lack of critical S&T human resources particularly in R&D. In 2005, the Philippines, as reported by UNESCO, had only 81 Full-time Equivalent (FTE) researchers per million populations, which is way below the 1980 UN target of 380 FTE for developing Asian countries22. Moreover, there is also a need to continually improve the capability of S&T workers to leverage knowledge and skills for greater productivity and competitiveness.
Underinvestment in R&D and Underutilization of Its funds Inadequate funding support from the national government for R&D activities in the region is a challenge faced by some of the R&D agencies in the region. For instance, DA-X reported that during the last planning period (2004-2010), only 196 research projects or half of the target for the period was accomplished because of inadequate funds for research activities. This confirmed UNESCO report that in 2005, the Philippines had only a gross expenditures on R&D (GERD) to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio of only 0.12 percent, which is below the 0.5 percent GERD:GDP benchmark that had been set as a 1980 target for developing countries23. Studies would show that the bulk of R&D expenditures in the country come from the public sector. Another concern is the inability of some R&D institutions (RDIs) in the region to fully access available R&D funds. Difficulty in accessing funds from PCARRD, CHED and other funding sources had been experienced by NOMCARRD and other R&D consortia in the region. Accessing these funds is influenced by factors like capability of the RDIs to efficiently prepare proposals, their capability to conduct particular researches, and the project proposal approval process and setup. Approval of R&D projects, especially those big ones, is mostly done at the national level, which further lengthen processing time.
22 Scientific and Technological Capabilities and Economic Catch-Up by Roger D. Posadas as published Philippine Management Review 2009, Vol. 16, pp. 131-153. 23 Ibid
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The situation in the region might be an indication that the country is yet to improve its spending on R&D. There is a need to increase expenditure level and increase absorptive capacity or improve efficiency in the use of R&D funds.
Low Share in the Number of Internationally Recognized Research Publications While information on the contribution of the region to the country‘s share in internationally recognized or ISI research publications is not yet available, the state of contribution could be gauged based on the country‘s performance. Based on the Citation Database of the Institute for Scientific Information-Web of Science, in 2005 the Philippines had only 520 ISI publications, which was only 0.04 percent of the entire world-wide ISI publications that year and gave the country a world ranking of 72nd 24. Of the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand), the country had the lowest cumulative total of ISI publications during the period 1999-200525.
Slow Adoption of Commercially-Ready Technologies This state could be attributed to wait-and-see attitude, unwillingness to innovate, and poor financial capacity of the would-be users of commercially-ready technologies, as well as, weak linkage between suppliers and users of technologies. Availability and access to information on commercially-ready technologies is also a related concern that needs to be attended to. Meanwhile, mature technologies supportive to entrepreneurship has to be prioritized for adoption.
The Need to Address Concerns on Improving Competitiveness and Resiliency of the Regional Economy in the Face of Globalization and Climate Change The increasing globalization trend as illustrated by trade and investment liberalization and economic integration of countries opens the local industries to competition both at the local and global scenes. Another concern that has social, economic and ecological implications is climate change. As reported, ADB predicted that climate change could do more damage than the 2009 worldwide financial crisis. ADB warned that the South-East Asian nations are the most vulnerable. It foresees agriculture, especially rice production, will decline because of climate change, threatening food security, while rising sea levels will force the relocation of millions of residents in coastal communities and islands, as more people are likely to die from thermal stress, malaria, dengue and other diseases.
The Need to Establish S&T Infrastructure and Facilities To help promote development of technology-based enterprises, some infrastructures need to be established or improved. The region does not have yet a technology business incubator that could nurture and provide entrepreneurs with basic support services and resources to help them grow and survive during the start-up period. Another facility that needs to be established in the region is the packaging R&D center that will help develop sustainable and world-class packaging technology designs to enhance global competitiveness and prolong shelf-life of the region‘s food products. A facility to assist entities in securing copyright and patents for their creative works is also needed to
24 Ibid 25 Ibid
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be established in the region. This is in support to the recognition by the State of the significance of an effective intellectual and industrial property right system for the development of domestic and creative activity, facilitates transfer of technology, attracts foreign investments, and ensures market access for our products.
The Need to Widen Dissemination of and Popularize S&T Knowledge and Information The spread of S&T knowledge across a wide spectrum of sectors of the country is acknowledged as an important factor in increasing productivity of the people especially those in the rural areas. It can contribute to the development of science consciousness and culture of innovation of the people that, in turn, will lead toward development of the society and the county‘s economy. While various S&T and R&D symposia are held regularly, the knowledge and information being disseminated during those events may not have spread as wide as possible among the public and worse less understood or appreciated by them. Another related concern is on expanding the use of ICT in the sector to strengthen mechanism for knowledge retrieval/exchange and dissemination.
II. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Aligning itself with the national S&T roadmap which is anchored on national development goals, the region‘s S&T sector shall continue in strengthening and mobilizing science and technology and knowledge toward improved productivity, competitiveness, economic growth and job creation by adopting the following strategies: Developing S&T human resources: Specifically, strengthening Science and Mathematics education; align vocational, technical and skills development programs to the requirements of local industries to make them globally competitive; fully developing the potentials of locally available S&T expertise, as well as, maximizing the contributions of foreign-based Filipino S&T professionals; Increasing access and availment of R&D funds/investments from various sources (such as, national government, official development assistance, state colleges and universities, and industry/private sector) and accelerating access to national government R&D funds by enhancing capability of the research project proponents in effective and efficient preparation of proposals and lobbying for regionalized approval of proposals; Identifying and implementing measures to accelerate the increase in the contribution of the region to the inventory of internationally recognized research publications; Strengthening existing scientific research institutions, as well as government-industryacademe-civil society and international linkages, specifically by breaking down the barriers to partnerships and networks; Providing support to the industry, particularly MSMEs, by ensuring a broadened access to available technologies and technological services; conducting climate change vulnerability and impact assessments to provide basis for the development of science-based strategies for adaptation and mitigation; Establishing, building and upgrading S&T infrastructures particularly in strategic areas in the region to facilitate enhancement of regional and local S&T capabilities, as well as enable the private sector/industry to undertake technological innovation and related activities;
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Accelerating technology transfer and utilization, which could be done through maintenance of inventory of available technologies and their sources, and providing incentives to encourage the transfer and commercialization of these technologies, and extensive collaboration between academe and industry; the recent release of the implementing rules and regulations of the Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009 would hopefully facilitate implementation of this strategy; Improving S&T governance (accountability, transparency and performance) as a means of enhancing the performance and monitoring of the S&T sector; Promoting and popularizing S&T to impress upon the people its relevance and necessity. This may involve, among others, dissemination of S&T information through the use of layman‘s language and promotion of culture of innovation; and Niching and clustering as a way of prioritizing S&T interventions based on market niches and industry clusters. 26
S&T development in the region shall be aligned with the country‘s 12 priority sectors as follows: 1) agriculture, forestry and natural resources; 2) health/medical sciences; 3) biotechnology; 4) information and communications technology; 5) microelectronics; 6) earth and marine science; 7) fisheries and aquaculture; 8) environment; 9) natural disaster mitigation; 10) energy; 11) manufacturing and process engineering; and 12) material science and engineering. For the agriculture, forestry and natural resources sector, the R&D activities shall focus on the following priority themes: a) food security and poverty reduction; b) natural resource management and sustainable development; c) frontier and cutting edge science; d) global competitiveness; and, e) support to allied agricultural/forestry services. Public health and environment shall be the priority areas of the R&D activities of the health sector. Meanwhile, the focus of the R&D activities of the industry and energy sector shall be toward the development of indigenous and alternative energy sources such as rivers, solar, ocean, biomass, wind and geothermal; upgrading of the capacity and efficiency of existing energy supply systems; and, development of technology-based business enterprises.
26 National S&T Plan, 2002-2020
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III. Results Evaluation and Monitoring Matrix
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Annex 1: Key Employment Generators (KEGs) In addressing the domestic and international labor market opportunities, the higher education and the employment sector will expand the provision of education and training in the identified Key Employment Generators (KEGs) in the next ten years with corresponding skills requirement, as follows: KEGs
Cyberservices
Hotel and Restaurant
Medical Tourism
Health Services
Agri-business
Skills Requirement Animators Software Developers Computer Programmers Computer Hardware Technicians Visual Graphic Designers Customer Service Representative/Call Center Agents Medical Transcriptions Bakers Baristas Bartenders Butlers Chefs Cooks Food and Beverage Attendants Cosmetic/Reconstruction Surgeons Herbologists Medical Doctors Massage Therapists Nurses Spa Therapist/Physical Therapists Surgeons Training Nurses Medical Doctors Medical Technologists Nurses Optometrists Opticians Pharmacists Agricultural Engineers Animal Husbandry Aquacultures Agricultures Agriculture Crops Production Personnel Slaughterers Plant Maintenance Technicians Food Processors
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Annex 2: State Universities and Colleges I. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK The State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) continue to align their programs with the emerging global and domestic demands. Emphasis is geared towards improvements in quality and efficiency, relevance and responsiveness, efficiency, and equitable access to quality education especially for the disadvantaged or under-resourced groups. Hence, focus shall be directed along the following strategies:
Quality and Excellence Continuing upgrading of existing COEs/CODs through the improvement of academic capabilities/ programs; Continuing institutionalization of faculty development programs through the provision of scholarship programs among qualified faculty and staff to further develop highly competent faculty/teaching force; and Strengthen the review sessions of the graduates to increase licensure examination passing rates.
Relevance and Responsiveness Continuous updating of curricula through periodic evaluation and revision; Offering of new technological, technical and vocational courses to support government thrusts; Promote and strengthen research and extension to increase number of highly productive and competent faculty, as well as contribute to the research needs of both the government and private sector; and Strengthen complementation and productive partnerships between and among public and private HEIs, and between education and other sectors.
Access and Equity Intensify scholarship programs and increase access to higher education among the poor and the disadvantaged sectors of society, as well as provision of grants in aid to cultural minorities, varsities and socio-cultural performers.
Efficiency and Effectiveness Improve personnel program and continuing upgrading of facilities through periodic monitoring and evaluation of SUCs.
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II. RESULTS EVALUATION AND MONITORING MATRIX
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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL OF NORTHERN MINDANAO (REGION X) Officers for Term 2010-2013 HON. LAWRENCE LL. CRUZ Chairperson, RDC-X Mayor, City of Iligan
MR. ARSENIO L. SEBASTIAN III Co-Chairperson, RDC-X RDC-X PSR ENGR. LEON M. DACANAY, JR. Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X Regional Director, NEDA-X ENGR. ALAN L. OLAVIDES Secretary, RDC-X OIC-ARD, NEDA-X
MACRO AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE HON. PHILIP T. TAN Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom Mayor, City of Tangub MR. RAYMUND M. PARAS Co-Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom RDC-X PSR
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HON. LEANDRO JOSE H. CATARATA Chairperson, RDC-X EDC Mayor, City of Valencia MS. EMMA A. NIEVA Co-Chairperson, RDC-X EDC RDC-X PSR
DIR. LORETO T. BHAGWANI Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom Regional Director, DILG-X MS. IMELDA G. MANGINSAY Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom RDC-X PSR
DIR. CATALINO E. CHAN III Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X EDC Regional Director, DOT-X MS. ROSALINA S. HUERBANA, PhD Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X EDC RDC-X PSR
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HON. MARIA LUISA D. ROMUALDO Chairperson, RDC-X SDC Mayor, Municipality of Mambajao President, LMP Camiguin MR. JORDAN IAN G. APAT Co-Chairperson , RDC-X SDC RDC-X PSR DIR. ALAN M. MACARAYA Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X SDC Regional Director, DOLE-X MS. MERLITA F. ADAZA, PhD Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X SDC RDC-X PSR
INFRASTRUCTURE and UTILITIES DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HON. NOVA PRINCESS E. PAROJINOG-ECHAVEZ Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom Mayor, City of Ozamiz ENGR. MODESTO C. BABAYLAN, PhD Co-Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom RDC-X PSR DIR. MANDANGAN P. DARIMBANG Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom Chairperson, DOTC-RMC Regional Director, LTFRB-X MR. GERVACIO I. PIATOR, DM Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom RDC-X PSR
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Regional Development Plan (RDP, 2011-2016) NEDA REGIONAL OFFICE –X Office/Division Staff Office of the Regional Director ● RD Leon M. Dacanay, Jr., CESO III ● OIC-ARD Alan L. Olavides ● Rosalyn R. Yparraguirre ● Yvonne R. Evasco ● Rodolfo T. Serrano, Jr. Plan and Policy Formulation Division ● Leonila G. Cajarte ● Catherine Marie V. de la Rita ● Rio C. Yonson ● Al’Gemregy B. Cuerquez ● April Ann D. Tigulo
Inputs Provided/Tasks Undertaken Overall Directions and Guidance
Overall Consolidation/Review/Editing Chapters ● Well-being and Improved Welfare ● Education and Youth Empowerment
Knowledge Management Division ● Cecilo Y. Clarete ● Agnes A. Garcia ● Peleta B. Abejo ● Wendel T. Abejo ● Candido B. Balaba ● Marina A. Betacura Project Development Investment Programming, and Budgeting Division ● Nestor A. Lisondra ● Ramir M. Balquin ● Elsa B. Silfavan ● Cleoffe L. Dequito ● Ma. Estrella Luz R. Peñaloza ● Mezlaine Jay S. Pacana
Overall Layout/Final Packaging
Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division ● Jaime H. Pacampara ● Rosann S. Dime ● Elsa M. Maquiling ● Archimedes C. Lazaro Operations Division ● Myrna L. Banaag - Personnel Services - Financial Services - General Services
Chapters: ● Access, Logistics and Other Infrastructure Services
Chapters: ● Macroeconomic Development Framework ●Good Governance and Peace and Order
Chapters: ● Trade, Industry and Tourism ● Environment and Sustainable Development ● Agriculture and Fishery ● Science and Technology
Logistical support
National Economic and Development Authority-10 Regional Development Council Building Capistrano-Echem Streets Cagayan de Oro City Telephone/Fax Nos. (08822) 723436; 728072,726161 & (088) 8581920 Email: nedardc10@yahoo.com Website: www.norminet.org.ph