ADVISER
DECEMBER 2017 | VOL . XX, NO. 6
California Association of Pest Control Advisers www.capca.com
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Table of Contents LEADERSHIP 06
Getting Involved and Doing What it Takes!
Rick Wescott
GOVERNMENT 08 11 11
Government Relations 2017: A Year in Review
George Soares, Lauren Noland-Hajik, & Louie A. Brown Jr.
Pesticide Use Near Schools and Day-Care Centers Water Supply and Water Quality Bond Act of 2018
CONFERENCE 16
2017 CAPCA Conference Recap
COMMUNICATIONS 26
Annual Awards
AG COMMISSIONER PROFILE 32
Juan Hidalgo: Working Together to Support Agriculture in Santa Cruz County
UC IPM 42
Evaluation of the Role of Chlorpyrifos in Almond Production Systems
David Haviland, Emily Symmes, Jhalendra Rijal, and Kris Tollerup
FARM ADVISORS 50
Holiday Hours for CAPCA State Office
Invasive Shot Hole Borers on Palms in California
Donald R. Hodel
The CAPCA State office will be closed from noon on December 22, 2017 through January 2, 2018 in observance of the Christmas & New Years holidays. All requests for CE Hours printouts must be received no later than 10 a.m. on Friday, December 22, 2017 to allow for processing and mailing.
DEPARTMENTS
05 From the Editor
40 Featured: Nutrients
12 Pathway to PCA
62
Featured: Organics
14 CAPCA Ed
68
Career Opportunities
34
70
Continuing Education
CCA Update
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AT THE CENTER OF PLANT HEALTH
CAPCA EDITORIAL STAFF Ruthann Anderson - Editor Joyce Basan - Deputy Editor Dee Strowbridge - Membership/Conference Sylvia Stark - Advertising Sales Manager Lien Banh - Office Manager Ariana Zamora - So. CA Representative Jacqueline Tabarez - No. CA Representative Rachel Taft - Executive Assistant Adam Barsanti - Outreach Relations Manager Graphic Design - Rosemary N. Southward southwardr@comcast.net
From the Editor CAPCA Policy Regarding Cannabis Regulations As state regulators prepare to roll out emergency regulations to adopt Cannabis Legislation under Prop 64 on January 1, 2018, the CAPCA Board of Directors met in early November to discuss the allowances being made for Cannabis and the potential risk that PCAs and the rest of the agricultural industry may face by treating this “commodity” differently than the remaining 400 California Commodities. CAPCA leadership continues to come to the table to discuss solutions with stakeholders. We want to issue this warning for any of our membership currently considering writing off label recommendations after January 1, that you will be proceeding at your own risk. We will continue to provide feedback during the upcoming comment period for Cannabis and hope that the state can find ways to mitigate liabilities for PCAs in 2018. CAPCA’s position agreed upon by the Board is stated below:
MISSION & PURPOSE California Association of Pest Control Advisers (CAPCA) is a non-profit voluntary mutual benefit association that represents 75% of the 4,000 California EPA licensed pest control advisers. CAPCA’s purpose is to serve as the leader in the evolution of the pest management industry through the communication of reliable information. CAPCA is dedicated to the professional development and enhancement of our members’ education and stewardship which includes legislative, regulatory, continuing education and public outreach activities. PUBLISHING INFORMATION CAPCA Adviser is published bi-monthly by the California Association of Pest Control Advisers (CAPCA), 2300 River Plaza Dr., Suite 120, Sacramento, California 95833. Web: www.capca.com, (916) 928‑1625. POSTMASTER: send address change to CAPCA. A portion of CAPCA membership dues is used to provide subscription privileges to the Adviser magazine. Non-member subscriptions are $30/year. Third class bulk postage paid at Tucson, AZ and at additional mailing offices.
CAPCA intends to be involved in the decision-making process and will be guided by existing legal and scientific requirements as CDPR and other state government entities engage in the process of implementing state law pertaining to Cannabis and Industrial Hemp production and use. █
CAPCA has endeavored to include appropriate and accurate statements, but disclaims any and all warranties and/or responsibility for the statements or articles submitted to CAPCA Adviser that may have additionally been edited for style, content and space prior to publication. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent CAPCA policies, or positions or endorsements. Editorial content of this publication is educational and informational in nature. No part of this publication, including images, may be reproduced without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact CAPCA at (916) 928‑1625 for reprint authorization.
Ruthann Anderson, Editor ruthann@capca.com
PRINTING: Sundance Press Tucson, Arizona
The integrity of the California Pest Control Adviser (PCA) License is based on foundational knowledge of and adherence to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) approved labels. The label directs PCAs in their written recommendations relating to the crop, target pest, application rate, re-entry and pre-harvest interval. Label development and approval by EPA in accordance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act is a lengthy, multi-year process involving rigorous scientific research and evaluation for human and environmental health.
OCTOBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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LEADERSHIP
Getting Involved and Doing What it Takes! By Rick Wescott, CAPCA Chairman Now that the CAPCA Conference has concluded for 2017, I would like to reflect back on what our focus is now and into the future. The theme of this year’s conference was "Guardians of the Green." So what does that mean for CAPCA? PCAs are a big part of why production agriculture has been so successful throughout the years. We protect crops from many pests that endeavor to harm them. We ensure that the crop has the right balance of nutrition for maximum yield. We work closely with our growers to come up with solutions whenever a problem may present itself. PCAs are a vital part of food and fiber production that feeds and clothes California, the nation and the world. As PCAs we should be very proud of this and never be afraid to tell our story. When there is a chance to talk to people that may not know what we do, take the opportunity to educate them about where their food comes from and how safe it is. We all know that without the use of modern technology we cannot continue to feed the world as we do today. There are many special interest groups out there that want to take away our tools and do harm to the agricultural industry. We cannot allow this to happen! At the conference, there were talks by myself, George Soares (our lobbyist), and Paul Wenger (president of CA Farm Bureau), with the same recurring theme. We must become involved or risk losing the ability to do what we do. We must take CDPR to task when
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they propose added restrictions on certain chemicals when it is not warranted. We must question why they are proposing added buffer zones around schools when there are already laws in place for this purpose and there are no issues to warrant added buffers. We must not allow legislators to introduce bills that ban certain chemicals just because some environmental group tells them it's a good idea. Science has to rule the day and changes in regard to chemical use must be proven by sound science and not emotion or because some special interest group demands it. As I stated at the conference, it takes money to play in this game we call politics. That is why it is so important that we have a strong Political Action Committee (PAC) fund. Please be a part of the solution to allow our profession to continue providing food and fiber to the world. It's not about how much you can give, but that you get involved and give. As I said at the conference, "Our American freedom is not free, it is stained with blood," and our freedom to do our jobs is not free, it takes getting involved and doing what it takes. Our future and our children and grandchildren's futures are depending on us to do the right thing. Just Do It! â–ˆ
Photo: Kim Wescott Photography
✂ Donation Receipt Form from California Association of Pest Control Advisers (CAPCA) CAPCA PAC #801164 Questions? Contact the CAPCA office at (916) 928-1625. Donated by Address
City State/Province ZIP/Postal Code Occupation Employer Contribution Amount
State law requires that we have the above information before we can accept your contribution. Contributions to CAPCA PAC are not tax deductible. Thank you for your generosity. We appreciate your support! Donations may also be made online at https://capca.com/product/capca-pac-donation/
ATTACK IS IMMINENT - RAISE YOUR
A natural resin barrier which may be sprayed on pruning cuts and bark surfaces to seal wounds and inhibit water and bacteria from entering surface cuts.
www.millerchemical.com DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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GOVERNMENT
Government Relations 2017: A Year in Review George Soares, Lauren Noland-Hajik, and Louie A. Brown Jr. In our final issue of the year, we are looking at selected 2017 legislation that focused on California agriculture. It was a some and some year; some bills defeated, some signed into law by the Governor, and some held in the Senate or Assembly, which means that it is eligible to be voted on in 2018. Senate Bill (SB) 1 (Beall): Transportation funding. Summary: Would create the Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Program to address deferred maintenance on the state highway system and the local street and road system; and require the California Transportation Commission to adopt performance criteria consistent with an asset management plan to ensure efficient use of funds. -Increases the excise tax on gasoline by $0.12 per gallon, starting November 1, 2017. -Increases the excise tax on diesel fuel by $0.20 per gallon, starting November 1, 2017. -Increases the sales tax on diesel fuels by an additional 4% increment, starting November 1, 2017. -Creates a new annual Transportation Improvement Fee (TIF), starting January 1, 2018, based on the market value of the vehicle with the fee range described below: -$25 per year for vehicles with a market value of $0- $4,999; -$50 per year for vehicles with a market value of $5,000 $24,999; -$100 per year for vehicles with a market value of $25,000 $34,999; -$150 per year for vehicles with a market value of $35,000 $59,999; and, -$175 per year for vehicles with a market value of $60,000 and higher -Creates the Road Improvement Fee of $100 per vehicles for ZeroEmission Vehicles (ZEV)s, as defined, starting in 2020 for model year 2020 and later. Outcome: Passed the Assembly 54-26; Passed the Senate 27-11; Chaptered April 30, 2017. SB 5 (De Leon): California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal Protection, and Outdoor Access for All Act of 2018. Summary: Would enact the California Drought, Water, Parks, Climate, Coastal Protection, and Outdoor Access for All Act of 2018, which, if approved by the voters in June 2018, would authorize the issuance of bonds in an amount of $4,000,000,000 to finance a drought, water, parks, climate, coastal protection, and outdoor access. Outcome: Passed the Assembly 56-21; Passed the Senate 27-9.
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CAPCA ADVISER | OCTOBER 2017
What this means for Ag: Ten million dollars ($10,000,000) is provided to the Department of Food and Agriculture for grants to promote farm and ranch practices that improve agricultural and open-space soil health, carbon soil sequestration, erosion control, water quality, and water retention. Up to twenty million dollars ($20,000,000) is provided to the Department for the State Water Efficiency and Enhancement Program. SB 49 (De Leon): California Environmental, Public Health, and Workers Defense Act of 2017. Summary: Would require identified state agencies to monitor federal laws and regulations and require those agencies to enact new regulations to maintain and enforce any changes to federal law pertaining to air, water, protected species and worker health and safety. Would exempt regulations promulgated under the law from the Administrative Procedures Act. Would create new private rights of action and writ of mandate against state and local agencies. Outcome: Held in the Assembly. SB 623 (Monning): Water Quality: Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund. Summary: Would establish the Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund in the State Treasury and imposes water, fertilizer and dairy fees to fund safe drinking water programs. Imposes a Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fee (water fee) on each customer of a public water system; a $0.005 per dollar of sale Fertilizer Safe Drinking Water Fee (fertilizer fee) on all fertilizer materials to be paid by licensees who sell or distribute bulk fertilizer until January 1, 2033 and $0.002 per dollar of sale after; and a $0.01355 per hundredweight of milk Dairy Safe Drinking Water Fee (dairy fee) by requiring every milk handler already subject to specified regulatory milk fees from January 1, 2020 through January 1, 2035, to deduct this amount from payments made to producers of milk. Requires the Secretary of CDFA to adopt regulations to implement and enforce dairy fee by January 1, 2020. Prohibits the State Water Board or regional water quality boards from specified enforcement actions against agricultural operations for exceeding nitrate groundwater objectives or other groundwater pollution standards as specified if the operation demonstrates certain mitigation requirements are met, including the timely payment of the fertilizer or dairy fee until January 1, 2033. Outcome: Held in the Assembly.
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DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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CONT., Government Relations Update 2017
Assembly Bill (AB) 18 (Garcia, E): California Clean Water, Climate, Coastal Protection, and Outdoor Access for All Act of 2018. Summary: Under current law, programs have been established pursuant to bond acts for, among other things, the development and enhancement of state and local parks and recreational facilities. This bill would enact the California Clean Water, Climate, Coastal Protection, and Outdoor Access for All Act of 2018, which, if approved by the voters, would authorize the issuance of bonds in an amount of $3,470,000,000 pursuant to the State General Obligation Bond Law to finance a clean water, climate, coastal protection, and outdoor access for all program. Outcome: Held in the Senate. NOTE: AB 18 is the Assembly version of SB 5. If SB 5 is signed into law by the Governor, this bill will not be voted on in this form. AB 822 (Caballero): Institutional Purchasers: Sale of California Produce. Summary: Under current law, price, fitness, and quality being equal, any body, officer, or other person charged with the purchase, or permitted or authorized to purchase supplies for the use of the state, or of any of its institutions or offices, or for the use of any county or city, is required to always prefer supplies, including produce, that are grown, manufactured, or produced in the state, and is required to next prefer supplies partially manufactured, grown, or produced in the state. This bill would remove produce grown or partially grown in the state from this requirement. Outcome: Passed the Assembly 77-0; Passed the Senate 39-0. AB 1419 (Quirk): Pesticides: penalties for violations: civil penalty. Summary: In lieu of seeking prosecution for a misdemeanor, current law authorizes the Director of Pesticide Regulation to prosecute a violation civilly, as specified. In lieu of a civil prosecution by the director, current law authorizes the county agricultural commissioner to levy a civil penalty against a person violating specified provisions of law relating to pest control operations, pesticides, pesticides and worker safety, use of restricted materials, use of an unregistered pesticide, carbon monoxide pest control devices, structural pest control devices, or regulations adopted pursuant to these provisions. This bill would provide that, if the director determines that violations of those specified provisions have been committed in multiple jurisdictions, are not appropriate matters to be enforced by a county agricultural commissioner, or involve a priority investigation involving human or environmental health effects, as defined, the director may levy a civil penalty of up to $25,000 for each violation in accordance with specified procedural and other requirements, or may refer any of those violations to the proper enforcement agency, including the district attorney of the county in which the violations occurred or the Attorney General. Outcome: Held in the Assembly.
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
AB 1480 (Quirk): Pest control: violations and penalties: civil penalty. Summary: Under current law, it is unlawful to use any fraud or misrepresentation in making an application to the Department of Pesticide Regulation for a license or for renewal of a license to conduct specified pest control operations or activities. A violation is a crime. This bill would revise this provision to provide that it is unlawful to make any false or fraudulent statement, record, report or use any fraud or misrepresentation in connection with meeting any license requirement to conduct pest control operations or activities. Outcome: Passed the Assembly 74-0; Passed the Senate 39-0; Chaptered on July 31, 2017. This was an exciting year for California Agriculture, some good and some leaving us with something to be desired. If I know California Ag, I know that we will not go quietly into that good night. The things worth doing are not always easy, and Ag is not easy by any means. I suppose that means that it is worth doing. â–ˆ A legislative bill is "chaptered" by the Secretary of State once it passes through both houses of the California State Legislature and has either been signed by the Governor or has become law without the Governor's signature. The Secretary of State assigns a sequential chapter number to all bills that become law.
ME M BE A L ER R T
The following is from a recent News Release by DPR on November 7, 2017
California Adopts Rules on Agricultural Pesticide Use Near Schools and Day-Care Centers The California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) has adopted new rules to protect young students from pesticide exposure. The rules, which take effect on January 1, 2018, regulate the use of agricultural pesticides near schools and licensed child day-care facilities. The new regulation was adopted following an extensive process to gather public and stakeholder input during the past two years. DPR conducted three formal hearings and 15 public workshops in five locations around the state to gather input and reviewed more than 19,000 public comments. The new regulation: • Prohibits many pesticide applications within a quarter mile of public K-12 schools and licensed child day-care facilities during school hours, Monday through Friday between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. This includes all applications by aircraft, sprinklers, air-blast sprayers, and all fumigant applications. In addition, most dust and powder pesticide applications, such as sulfur, will also be prohibited during this time. • Requires California growers to provide annual notification to public K-12 schools and licensed day-care facilities, as well as county agricultural commissioners, of the pesticides expected to be used within a quarter mile of these schools and facilities in the upcoming year.
exposures to pesticides. These new regulations will hopefully reduce some of the risks. Many California counties have adopted local rules related to pesticide applications near schools and day-care centers, but until now, the state did not have a consistent, statewide standard. The regulation is expected to affect about 4,100 public K-12 schools and licensed child day-care facilities and approximately 2,500 growers in California. The regulation is designed to encourage greater communication between growers and schools or licensed daycare facilities. By providing more information on nearby pesticide applications and increasing communication, the new rules are expected to help schools and day-care centers in responding to potential incidents and inquiries from parents. The regulation also allows a school, a grower and the county agricultural commissioner to devise alternative application restrictions that provide an equal or greater level of protection to those provided by the regulation. █ The new regulation and other related documents can be found at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/legbills/rulepkgs/16-004/16-004.htm
Population growth has created a growing number of situations where schools and day-care facilities are located near or directly adjacent to working farms, increasing the potential for unintended
Water Supply and Water Quality Bond Act of 2018 Numerous agriculture, water and environmental groups have partnered to help build a bond that will appear on the November 2018 voter ballot. This bond is designed to improve the state’s water quality and provide much needed improvements to the state’s water infrastructure. This initiative is all about providing relief to people whose lives and livelihoods depend on a reliable infrastructure that delivers water to rural and urban Californians in quantities and quality we are all entitled to. The bond, in total would invest over 8 billion dollars into California’s water future and benefits all of California. The bond outlines the types of improvements that would be made. From the proposed initiative, dollars would be allocated to improve the drinking water quality for all Californians. This would include infrastructure improvements, reducing contaminants in our state’s water,
and working to make clean water available to disadvantaged communities; money would be used for wastewater recycling projects, desalination projects; water conservation in all forms including turf removal throughout the state, leak detection, water saving appliances, etc. Also, putting funds forth for water energy technologies, which help make water conservation a way of life for Californians. Flood control management, water supply improvements such as dams and restorations to bodies of water for improved supply management; as well as restoration to fisheries throughout the state. The bond is aimed at improving how California uses its water and how we can be better stewards of the world’s most precious resource. █
For additional information visit: https://waterbond.org/ DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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PATHWAY TO PCA
CAPCA Engages Students for PCA Career Opportunities By Jackie Tabarez, Northern California Representative The Student Network Event at the CAPCA Conference was a great success! Over 75 students participated from eight campuses, including Butte College, California State University, Chico, California State University, Fresno, Cal Poly Pomona, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, and Modesto Junior College.
The Student Network Event opened with Patrick Dosier’s welcome while lunch was served. The program continued with introducing the Pathway to PCA program and how to navigate conference to get the most out it, followed by the Program Offerings & Purpose presentation by Ariana Zamora and Jackie Tabarez.
The day began with the Educator’s Workshop moderated by Krista Tavares, where industry, educators from the participating schools, and FFA Foundation discussed ways in which they can support each other to help inspire future generations of PCAs. Krista Tavares said “We highlighted ways in which CAPCA and its chapters can help ag programs and students get more in-field experience, industry connection and learn the soft skills that are key to success as a PCA. The group also recommended areas we feel students need continued development in, such as communication skills, responsiveness and business acumen, as well as additional coursework in spray calibration, in-field pest identification and how to write a recommendation.”
The students then broke out into the Starting Points: Career Option Breakouts that included expert panel participants representing: • In-house PCAs, Independent PCAs, and Turf & Ornamental • Retailers • Manufacturing • Regulators and Cooperators: UC ANR, CCA, and CACASA
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During these breakouts students were able to ask specific questions to the panel and gain exclusive insight from each unique role. Once the breakouts concluded, Krista Tavares and Ryan Vieira gave the students excellent tips for interview and situational
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
questions, as well as Do’s and Don’ts for resumes and what is acceptable attire. One thing both Krista and Ryan stressed is to Follow Up! This is the difference between being overlooked and landing the opportunity. To conclude the event, the students participated in Speed Networking and Blackout Bingo to engage with recruiters and representatives. Those that were able to blackout their bingo card were put in a raffle to win prizes such as Yeti Ramblers, hand lenses, multi-purpose tools, and other field related tools – items all donated by industry supporters. Thank you to all the sponsors and supporters who helped make the Student Network Event possible. Also, thank you to the educators and students for your interest. If you missed the event this year, be sure to encourage your company to book a table in early 2018 for the event. We look forward to another successful event in 2018! █
Thank you to all of the CAPCA Chapters and Industry partners who made this year's Student Network Event in Reno at the CAPCA Annual Conference such a success! 75+ STUDENTS, 8+ CAMPUSES, 1 AMAZING EVENT THANK YOU TO INDUSTRY PARTNERS: Agrian | BASF | CACASA | Crop Production Services | Dow AgroSciences | Helena | The Tremont/Lyman Groups | Wilbur Ellis Company | UC ANR | Western Region CCA THANK YOU TO CAPCA MEMBERS & CHAPTERS: Patrick Dosier, Krista Tavares & Ryan Vieira for moderating and presenting CAPCA Central Coast, CAPCA San Francisco Bay, CAPCA Fresno-Madera, CAPCA SoCal, CAPCA Monterey Bay, CAPCA Central Valley, CAPCA Sutter Buttes, CAPCA Tulare-Kings, CAPCA Ventura and CAPCA NorCal for sponsoring so many students!
a
CAPCA ED
CAPCA Ed in 2018 Ariana Zamora and Jackie Tabarez, CAPCA Representatives The 2018 CAPCA Ed calendar is here! Mark your calendar and register for seminars in your area! By partnering with CAPCA Chapters, UC ANR, and CCA, we have been able to reduce the number of seminars we plan each year. This will give CAPCA Representatives Ariana Zamora and Jackie Tabarez the ability to attend and support more chapter events. The CAPCA Ed Team will also be increasing their Pathway to PCA efforts. Pathway to PCA will be visiting Modesto Junior College, Stanislaus State, Fresno State, UC Davis, Cal Poly SLO, Cal Poly Pomona, Mt. San Antonio College and University of Arizona - Yuma. If you’d like to get involved with the campus visits, please contact your Regional Representative. As your CAPCA Regional Representatives and Pathway to PCA Representatives, we thank you for your continued support! █
CAPCA REPRESENTATIVES
ARIANA ZAMORA So. CA CAPCA Representative
JACKIE TABAREZ No. CA CAPCA Representative
ariana@capca.com (805) 704-3255
jackie@capca.com (916) 928-1625 x205
Upcoming Chapter Events 2017 San Diego
Dec. 6 - Laws & Regs Seminar - Escondido
Tri-County
Dec. 19 - Monthly CE Meeting - Merrill, OR
2018 Desert Valleys
Apr. 12 – Label Update & Golf Tournament – Brawley May 17 – CE Meeting – Imperial June 7 – CE Meeting – Blythe Aug. 2 – CE Meeting – La Quinta Nov. 8 – CE Meeting – Imperial
Fresno-Madera
Nov. 15 – Label Update - Fresno
Kern County
Jan. 18 – Label Update – Bakersfield
San Diego
June 6 – Nursery Greenhouse Conference – Escondido Sep. 12 – CAPCA/UCR Entomology Conference – Escondido Dec 5 – Laws & Regs Seminar – Escondido
Tulare-Kings
Feb. 1 – Label Update - Tulare
Ventura
Sep. 12 – CE Meeting – Santa Paula
Woodland
Mar. 13 – CE Meeting - Woodland 14
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
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©2017 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration status. Minecto Pro is a Restricted Use Pesticide. Minecto Pro is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops and weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift onto blooming plants while bees are foraging adjacent to the treatment area. Minecto®, the Alliance Frame, the Purpose Icon and the Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. MW 1MNP7009-DART-AG144 10/17
2017 Conference Recap CAPCA wishes to thank the 1,625 PCAs and guests who attended the 43rd Annual CAPCA Conference & Agri-Expo held at Grand Sierra Resort in Reno for their support and participation. This year’s record numbers are a confirmation that CAPCA continues to be an important entity and resource within the Industry.
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CAPCA is proud to represent Pest Control Advisers. PCAs guard the largest, most varied agricultural industry in the world. The efforts and professionalism of PCAs provide the safest food supply too, and that is something to be proud of. CAPCA looks forward to seeing everyone next year at CAPCA’s 44th Annual Conference & Agri-Expo, October 14-16, 2018 at Disneyland Resort in Anaheim!
A Very Special Thank You
to Dow AgroSciences for the membership luncheon sponsorship & the donation of t-shirt sales of $2,060.00 to the Stanley W. Strew Educational Fund for scholarships!
Photo courtesy of Western Farm Press
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THANK YOU
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DuPont Crop Protec�on
Nachurs
Taminco US
Engage Agro
Naiad Company Inc
Evonik Corpora�on
Nature Safe Natural & Organic Fert.
Amvac Chemical
FBSciences Inc
Nature’s Source
Anderma� USA
FMC Corpora�on
Netafim USA
Trece Inc
Fusion 360 Inc
Neudorff USA
True Organic Products Inc
Gar Tootelian Inc
Nichino America
Gowan
NovaSource
A�cus
Greenleaf Ag
Nufarm America
Valent USA Corpora�on
Baicor
Grower’s Secret
Nutrient Technologies
Verdegaal Brothers Inc
BASF
GWSS Board |PD
Ocean Organics
Verdesian Life Sciences
Helena Chemical Company
OHP Inc
Vestaron Corpora�on
Helm Agro US
Organic Ag Products
BioSafe Systems
Hortau, Inc
Organic Farms Fer�lizers
Blue Mountain Minerals
Huma Gro
Oro Agri Inc
Hydrite Chemical
Pacific Biocontrol Corpora�on
ICL Specialty Fer�lizers
Plant Food Systems
Wonderful Nurseries
Interstate Ag Plas�cs
Polymer Ag, LLC
Yara North America
Irrometer Company, Inc
Quali Tech Inc
Acadian Seaplants ADAMA AeroVironment Ag 1 Source
Ag Spray Equipment
AgriFarm Group Agro Research Interna�onal
Agrothrive Organic Fer�lizers
Alligare, LLC Almond Board of California Alzchem LLC
Arborjet Art Wilson Co | ACG Materials Arysta LifeScience
Bayer Crop Science Bioflora | Global Organics
Brandt Bridgewell Agriculture Briostack So�ware Burchell Nursery
Semios USA, Inc SePRO Corpora�on Simplot Grower Solu�ons
Solu�ons 4Earth Spectrum Technologies
Stockton USA Stoller Summit Agro USA
Syngenta Crop Protec�on
Terra Aerial Drone Services Tiger-Sul Products TKI Crop Vitality
UCCE – ANR UPI
Westbridge Agricultural Products Western Farm Press Wildeye Willowood USA
Zenith Insurance Company
CAPCA Mini-Conference
CAPCA Save the Date Begins April 24, 2018 at 1:00pm Ends April 25, 2018 at 4:30 pm
This mini conference will feature: • In-Class Continuing Education • Hands-on Citrus Tour • Exhibit Hall • Welcome Reception • Networking Opportunities
Cost $160.00
pring ummit April 24-25, 2018 Pechanga Resort Temecula, California
Sponsors & Exhibitors Sponsorships and Table Top display opportunities available. Contact Dee Strowbridge with interest Albion Plant Nutrition California Citrus Mutual Neudorff North America Nichino America Polymer Ag, LLC Simplot Grower Solutions Terra Aerial Drone Services Western Region CCA Wonderful Nurseries
Thank you
Sponsors are listed in Bold
Reservations can be made at the Pechanga Resort by calling 888-732-4264. Identify yourself with the CAPCA Spring Summit booking code # 4416866. For Questions, Contact Dee Strowbridge - Spring Summit Coordinator dee@capca.com; 916-928-1625 x3
ADVERTORIAL
LOOKING TO MAKE A CHANGE... HAVE YOU CONSIDERED GAR?
WHY WORK WITH GAR?
WHAT SETS GAR APART?
1. GAR offers a competative 401K and profit sharing plan and comprehensive benefits plan which includes health, vision, dental, life and disability insurance.
“Making a move from Simplot was seamless with the GAR Support Team. Now I can focus on being a PCA and not have to worry about my growers being serviced.”
2. We know that your success and earning potential depends on our ability to take care of your growers.
BUCK HEDMAN
3. Relationships are important at GAR, our employees and our growers are family. 4. Communication is a big deal at GAR; daily delivery reports let you know that your grower received their order. 5. Growers are a priority. You can get a price, place your order and get it delivered all in the same day. 6. Planning for the future, GAR completed a multi-million dollar facility expansion by adding a 9,000 square foot office, state-of-the-art tank farm and blending facility and 55,000 square foot warehouse for packaged goods. 7. GAR’s champion support team is personal, professional and prepared to deliver the best service to you and your growers. 8. GAR’s expanded fleet of dry and liquid equipment is calibrated and quality inspected to meet your grower standards. 9. No corporate heirarchy allows you to talk to “The Boss” directly and get answers right away. 10. The Gar & Esther Tootelian Foundation promotes Ag awareness and education by supporting various local businesses, community foundations and students with scholarships and donations.
“I was offered a great opportunity to work with a one of a kind family owned business that has great people to work with and a competitive compensation package that is transparent and easy to understand.” JAMIE OLIVEIRA
“My transition to GAR was smooth and kept confidential, which was important to me. I recently retired from GAR and my only regret is that I didn’t make the change 10 years earlier.” JOHN BAY
“I was attracted to GAR because Greg Musson, the President/CEO, is a phone call away and I don’t have to go through the corporate hierarchy to take care of my growers.” MIKE DOW
If you’re looking for a rewarding career change and would like to confidentially explore opportunities with GAR, contact Greg Musson, President/CEO at: gmusson@gtipros.com (559) 638-6311
Gar Tootelian, Inc. • 8246 S. Crawford Ave. • Reedley, CA 93654 • (559) 638-6311 • www.gtipros.com TOOTELIANINC
COMMUNICATIONS
2017 CAPCA Member of the Year:
Rick Harrison By CAPCA Staff CAPCA Member of the Year is an annual award bestowed upon a member and licensed Pest Control Adviser (PCA) who excels in their contribution to the profession through CAPCA activities and leadership above and beyond the norm. The 2017 recipient of the CAPCA Member of the Year Award is Rick Harrison. Rick started his career as a PCA while at Cal Poly Pomona, where he earned a B.S. in Agricultural Biology. Obtaining his PCA license in 2000, he began advising with Integrated Grower Services for three and a half years before going to work for Crop Production Services (then Western Farm Service) where he continues to work today. For the last 17 years, he has worked in Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties consulting in avocados, citrus, strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, sod, and wine grapes. He strives to provide quality service to his clients while giving back to his industry and community. In an interview, Rick once shared with satisfaction: “I enjoy and respect the PCA and grower relationship, every day I am in the field helping growers reach their goals to provide safe and marketable food for local and international consumption.” He has been a member of the Ventura County Asian Citrus Psyllid and Huanglongbing Task Force since 2014 and is active with the Ventura County Spray Safe program. In addition, he is one of the few PCAs in California who has all Department of Pesticide Regulation PAC and QAL License categories. Through his work ethic and volunteering, Rick provides leadership and mentoring to new PCAs through CAPCA’s Pathway to PCA Program. Rick began his involvement in CAPCA with the Ventura Chapter one year after licensure in 2001. He continues to this day to contribute at the local and state level. He has served on the Ventura Chapter Board for sixteen years, on the State Board for ten years, and the executive committee for almost three. During this time with the executive committee, Rick faced a sudden health challenge, but continued to participate and serve in CAPCA leadership and the Legislative Committee in Sacramento.
In speaking of his dedication to CAPCA, past Chair John McClenahan shared on behalf of the San Francisco Bay Chapter: “Rick epitomizes what any organization would or could ask for in a volunteer. After having significant health problems, instead of quitting CAPCA, he was able to maintain his vice chair position on the State Board, attend conference, continue as a volunteer on the California Invasive Species Advisory Committee and attend regularly scheduled executive committee functions.” Rick shares his commitment to his profession with a very supportive family. They believe, as Rick does, that this is a vital and everadvancing industry where PCAs are needed now more than ever. Rick is committed to raising the professionalism of the PCA and is most deserving of recognition as CAPCA's 2017 Member of the Year.
Award winner photos courtesy of Western Farm Press 26
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
ADVERTORIAL
COMMUNICATIONS
Outstanding Contribution to Agriculture Award:
Ruben Arroyo By CAPCA Staff CAPCA’s Outstanding Contribution to Agriculture Award is given to those individuals, companies or organizations that have made a meaningful difference in support of California agriculture. The 2017 recipient of the Outstanding Contribution to Agriculture Award is Ruben Arroyo. Currently he serves as the Riverside Agricultural Commissioner, but he has over twenty-seven years of experience with the County Commissioner system. Previous positions include nine years as the Agricultural Commissioner in Kern County and eight years as the Deputy Commissioner/ Sealer in Kings County. Ruben began his career as a Seasonal Agricultural Biologist after receiving a B.S. in Agricultural Business from California State University, Fresno. As the incoming President for the California Agricultural Commissioners and Sealers Association (CACASA), Ruben continues to be an advocate for agriculture and an example to others. With CACASA, Ruben served as the Chairman of the Information Management Committee, overseeing all aspects of the statewide pesticide permitting program and future concepts for utilizing a Global Information System mapping system. He has been involved with the Pesticide Regulatory Affairs Committee, Legislative Committee, Specifications and Tolerances, and the Standardization Advisory Committee. The San Francisco Bay Chapter wrote, “[Ruben has a] long history of working to help PCAs, growers, neighbors to farms and beekeepers work together for the greater good of ag.” His reputation is of a leader who seeks to foster open communication and partnerships with the regulated industry, community groups, and related government agencies on issues of mutual interest. His track record for development and launch of successful programs at the local level include the Global Information System (GIS) to support Spray Safe, Kern RED, and the Kern Schools Notification Pilot Program. Ruben’s contribution to agriculture is clearly evident in the work he does to aid reasonable regulations for all stakeholders through productive communication and building relationships.
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Ruben is the proud father of two children, daughter Chelsea who is an emergency room nurse in Visalia and son Jamie who is studying in the veterinary field. His better half Jennifer has three daughters, Samantha who is a psychologist, Jessica and Melissa both in college. When not doing the commish job, Ruben loves to hunt, shoot, golf and woodwork. It is with much honor and respect that CAPCA recognizes Ruben Arroyo as our 2017 Outstanding Contribution to Agriculture Award recipient. █
COMMUNICATIONS
Local Outreach Summary By Rick Harrison, CAPCA Vice Chair & Government Relations Committee On August 14th, I met with Monique Limon, California State Assembly Member and Representative of the 37th district, which encompasses over half of Santa Barbara County and one quarter of Ventura County. Our day began at Aspen Helicopters of Oxnard, where Representative Limon, Ventura County Agricultural Commissioner Henry Gonzales, and CAPCA Lobbyist George Soares were shown a day in the life of Ventura County agriculture. The goal was to help our local representatives understand the process of a pesticide application from the moment a PCA determines an aerial pesticide application is necessary to the actual application. Aspen flew the representatives over fields, orchards, and green houses located in the southern portion of Limon’s district. This bird’s eye view added insight into our agricultural urban interface; where occupied infrastructures butting orchards and fields are increasing, and safety is a top priority. The highlight was an aerial spray demo over an open field by Aspen Pilot Kevin Miskel. Upon landing, Rob Scherzinger Aspen Pilot and Treasurer of California Agricultural Aircraft Association (CAAA), Marcos Van Wingerden of Pyramid Flowers, and I met the group for a tour and
L-R: Marcos Van Wingerden, Pyramid Flowers; Henry Gonzales, Ventura County Agricultural Commissioner; Monique Limón, California State Assemblymember District 37; Rob Scherzinger, Aspen Helicopters and California Agricultural Aircraft Association; Rick Harrison, California Association of Pest Control Advisers
luncheon in a Pyramid Flowers greenhouse. During the luncheon we discussed the importance of Integrated Pest Management as it relates to strategies PCA’s and applicators utilize when working with growers and California regulations. In addition, we emphasized the importance of the PCA’S credentials and continuing education through CAPCA. A successful component of the day’s activities were creating an open dialogue of informative reciprocity. █
Environmental Justice DPR Pesticide Enforcement Workshop The event was held October 18-19, 2017 at Kern County UCCE in Bakersfield. The workshop purpose is to strengthen partnerships with the community by providing attendees a working knowledge of pesticide use enforcement, reporting and worker safety. The workshop is designed to provide attendees with a better understanding of the California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s (DPR) Enforcement Program and the services it provides to county agricultural commissioners (CAC). Day 2 of the training was hosted by Jeff Rasmussen, who did a pesticide application demonstration, followed by Kern CAC mock inspection. In attendance were 21 community and farmworker advocates from the surrounding 5 county region. █ *Photo courtesy of CA Department of Pesticide Regulation
30
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
31
AG COMMISSIONER PROFILE
Juan Hidalgo: Working Together to Support Agriculture in Santa Cruz County By CAPCA Staff Juan Hidalgo has been serving Santa Cruz County residents and members of industry for 13 years. In December of 2015, he was appointed Agricultural Commissioner. Prior to his appointment, he served for three years as the Deputy Agricultural Commissioner overseeing the Pesticide Use Enforcement program. A graduate of the University of California, Davis with a Bachelor’s in Animal Science, Mr. Hidalgo, also serves as the County’s Sealer of Weights and Measures, and the Director of the Mosquito and Vector Control Division. In his current role Mr. Hidalgo oversees programs in the Agricultural Division, Weights and Measures Division and Mosquito and Vector Control Division. The program goals for all three divisions include protecting the food supply, protecting
the environment, and safeguarding human health, in addition to promoting equity in the marketplace and ensuring pesticides are used safely and effectively. Additional goals include quickly detecting and effectively controlling human disease vectors, preventing the entry of and achieving early detection of agricultural and environmental pests, and responding to citizen and regulated business inquiries and complaints quickly and effectively – all of which is not a small job. Speaking of the challenges, Mr. Hidalgo says “Perhaps the most challenging thing about my job is making sure that I continually process and evaluate all the information I receive on a daily basis to ensure our programs run effectively and to ensure any concerns from stakeholders are addressed.”
When asked about frequent questions he receives Mr. Hidalgo said a common one comes from applicators about wind speed restrictions during a pesticide application: “The answer to this question can be found on most pesticide labels. Many pesticide labels require that the product not be applied when wind velocities exceed 10 miles per hour, however, applicators must also evaluate the application site, wind direction, the type of application equipment being used, proximity to persons and sensitive sites. An evaluation of all these different factors will help to ensure a safe and effective application.”
To address these pressures and other changes in agriculture successfully, working together is important. “Having a good understanding of our roles in the services we provide to our growers and industry will be helpful in finding solutions for the challenges we have in common. Improved communication and collaboration will also improve the level of service we provide to our growers,” Mr. Hidalgo says. “CAPCA, PCAs and the Santa Cruz County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office can continue to better communicate and collaborate by ensuring that we share the challenges we face in the work we do.”
Major crops in Santa Cruz County include strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, lettuces and vegetables, nursery stock and cut flowers. A few of the prominent pests and diseases affecting these crops that growers must contend with are the Lygus bugs (Lygus Hesperus), Two-spotted Spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana), Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum), Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Lettuce Aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) and Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii). One of the biggest concerns for agriculture in his county is the increase of soil borne diseases impacting strawberry production: “With the phase out of methyl bromide and limited availability of fumigant alternatives, research for new methods to control soil diseases has taken on a new urgency.” But Mr. Hidalgo is hopeful, “Newly awarded federal funds will continue to support research for alternative methods and to identify disease resistant plant varieties. While much of this work may take some time before it can be implemented at a commercial level, it is an important step to ensure strawberry production remains viable in California.”
Commenting on the relationship with industry, CAPCA and local PCAs, he says “In Santa Cruz County we have an excellent working relationship... Whether it is a matter of helping our industry determine the export requirements to export strawberries to a new country or working with a PCA to clarify information on a pesticide label, we work together to reach our mutual objective of promoting and supporting agriculture. Our staff is always available to work with industry and PCAs to help answer questions or clarify requirements for any of the programs we oversee.” One of the local programs Mr. Hidalgo sees as valuable to the community and industry is the local non-profit Agri-Culture (www.agri-culture.us) which offers the educational program ‘Focus Agriculture’. “The program offers community leaders the opportunity to learn about the many different aspects of agriculture from production and labor to environment and technology. The program includes seminars, farm tours and hands on experience over a nine-session intensive course that takes place once per month.” When considering highlights of his career so far, Juan Hidalgo values the opportunity to assist growers with future changes impacting agriculture, and continuing to serve growers and the community in his new role. █
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
33
CCA UPDATE
WR CCA Nitrogen Management Training Returns in 2018 The University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR) will be joining with the California Department of Food & Agriculture (CDFA) FREP to offer nitrogen management training once again to Western Regional CCAs. Additionally, CCA candidates who have passed both the International and State CCA exams and are in the CCA credential process will also be eligible for this training in 2018 (Note: Those CCAs who completed the certification previously are not required to take the certification training again.) The WR CCA program has been identified as an ideal resource to assist growers with developing nitrogen management plans and implementing best management practices. The main goal of the training program is to facilitate Western Regional CCAs’ understanding of sound nitrogen management practices and make informed recommendations to growers. The course will cover 1-½ days, with the first day being a general session focused on identifying the key objectives, nitrogen cycle in crop production systems, nitrogen sources, irrigation & nitrogen management, nitrogen budgeting and future resources. The second morning will have concurrent sessions with emphasis on annual and permanent crops and will include nitrogen planning practices. CDFA is offering just one opportunity in 2018 to attend this training: March 6-7, 2018 at the Wedgewood Wedding & Banquet Center in Fresno, CA. Registration will be online only – no on-site sign ups. Seminar fee will be $160.00 covering lunch on Day 1 and 11 CCA CEU hours. No refunds. Attendance is mandatory for both days of the seminar in order to be authorized to consult on nitrogen mitigation planning for water board regulatory purposes. Those CCAs who have previously received their CDFA Nitrogen Management training may attend for CCA CE hours (depending on space availability) but will not receive any additional certification of attendance. CAPCA is providing the registration and administrative services for the nitrogen management seminars. If you have questions, please contact Adam Barsanti at adam@capca. com or Jackie Tabarez at jackie@capca.com, or call CAPCA at (916) 928-1625. █
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
2018 CDFA/UC Nitrogen Management Training Program Workshop Dates & Location for Certified Crop Advisers (CCAs) and CCA Candidates in the credential process (must have passed both the International and State exams) ONLY Administered by CAPCA Ed
Registration available online only (no on-site registration accepted)
March 6-7, 2018 FRESNO Wedgewood Wedding & Banquet Center 4548 W Jacquelyn Ave Fresno, CA 93722 CCA CE credit only. Online registration will be available by December 12, 2017: https://capcaed.com/ Pre-registration and payment required. No on-site registration accepted. No refunds. Cost $160.00 for each 1-1/2 day seminar. Must attend both days to be certified. Start times for seminar: 9:00 a.m. Day 1 / 8:00 a.m. Day 2
ADVERTORIAL
Achieve Season-Long Tree Nut Protection Plan sequential herbicide applications to manage a broad spectrum of weeds.
I
n 2016, the record-breaking precipitation in the fall and winter prompted flushes of winter weeds to germinate. Experts agree this weather shift may have caught growers off-guard and ill-prepared to deal with weed growth. Mick Canevari, farm advisor emeritus at the University of California, Davis, says, “Growers had experienced fewer winter weeds in recent years due to lack of moisture, so they may have become complacent on timing weed control.”
Matrix® SG herbicide is a good tank-mix partner and controls glyphosate-resistant fleabane and marestail. Combining diverse modes of action in a tank mix helps prevent weeds from developing resistance.
While seasonal weather patterns have become less predictable on the West Coast, the one thing you can count on when winter rains arrive is the weeds will quickly follow. Most orchards are plagued by a healthy crop of young weeds when winter moisture is plentiful and soils begin to warm in the spring. Stopping weeds before they emerge is key to staying ahead of weeds throughout the year.
Aim for Season-Long Control A two-application herbicide program has become the norm for most tree nut growers. This practice helps manage a broad spectrum of weeds and extends the window of control.
Tips for Effective Weed Control
Ideally, a winter herbicide application should be made between November and January to control marestail, fleabane and malva. A second application between late February and April can take advantage of rainfall for better activation and residual control. Grasses like junglerice, barnyardgrass and crabgrass, which tend to be a problem in the spring and summer, are managed with the second herbicide application.
Canevari offers the following tips for growers heading into spring:
DuPont™ Matrix® SG, used in sequential winter and spring applications with tank-mix partners, is a good choice for preemergence and early postemergence control of grass and broadleaf weeds in tree nut orchards.
• Don’t rely on a single herbicide to control weeds. Canevari explains that weed control is too complex and there are too many variables for one product to successfully manage the broad spectrum of weeds. “In the long run, it’s going to cost more to rely on one herbicide. It’s more beneficial to tankmix different modes of action. There will be less spraying and less opportunity for weed shifts and resistance issues.”
Resistant Weeds on the Rise While planning herbicide applications, follow best management practices to control the spread of resistant weed populations. “Glyphosate-resistant weeds are spreading each year, primarily because many herbicide applications for trees and vines include only glyphosate,” says Canevari. “Tank-mix partners with different modes of action are really important for the management of resistant biotypes.”
• Know your weeds and use weeds identified in the previous year to set expectations for pressure next season. • Use timely herbicide applications for cost-effective control. Small weeds are easier to control, making herbicides more effective.
For more information on how Matrix® SG can help you prepare for next year, please visit matrix.dupont.com. Always read and follow all label directions and precautions for use. DuPont™ Matrix® SG herbicide is not registered for use in all states. Contact your local DuPont sales representative for details and availability. Unless indicated, trademarks with ®, ™ or SM are trademarks of DuPont or affiliates. © 2017 DuPont.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
35
CCA UPDATE
Photo: Fred Rehrman
CCA Update By Fred Strauss, WR CCA Chair Wow! It’s hard to believe it is over, my two year tenure as Chairman of the California Certified Crop Advisor Board. It has been exciting and challenging, but I believe the board accomplished many goals. We also addressed some key issues and we will discuss all, over the next few paragraphs. The number one issue confronting us is the Nitrogen Management Plan and the California Water Quality Control Boards order for all of California. I encourage all of you to attend upcoming CCA and CAPCA meetings to get more definitive information. The Dept of Food and Ag has also entered the program because nutrition comes under their prevue and they want to be part of the action. CDFA wants us to validate our Nitrogen management training CEU’s and make it a bigger part of our future state test. The Water Quality Control board continues to recognize the CCA as a key element of the NMP. Their proposed order offers us the potential of less liability. We are working closely with both government agencies, Ag Coalitions and hopefully will have additional information shortly. In order to satisfy the demands being put on CCAs, we need to increase our numbers. While we are at approximately 1200, this number needs to be in the 3000 range. Subsequently, we have reinvigorated our marketing program. We are going after more Pest Control Advisors and college students to join our ranks. We will expand our attendance at major PCA meetings and college career days. We have also set up three regional committees to reach out to all our members. We now have Central Valley, Arizona and Coastal committees. These committees will help with local issues of concern to CCAs and we will have meetings with agendas reflecting their regions.
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Arizona is part of our area and to reflect this we have voted to change our name to Western Region CCA Board. It is possible in the future that Hawaii and New Mexico will join us but not in the short term. Arizona has a vigorous pest management program and their license is similar to our PCA license. We have about 66 CCAs in Arizona and our name did not reflect their membership. Now our website name has changed as well as our Facebook page. I want to recognize our board. We have a very diverse board consisting of government, academia and CCAs. We have members from universities, CDFA, Cal Water Quality staff, and farmers. Our board committees help put it all together. The Testing and Credential Committee helps with the California test, reviews questions and updates the test. Standards and Ethics Committee reviews candidates who have passed the test and have submitted the appropriate paper work. We have a Marketing Committee, Finance Committee, Election Committee and the Executive Committee. Everyone is a volunteer and is committed to the success of CCAs. Finally, I want to give thanks to two people who have provided me with guidance and offer strong support for our program. I could mention others but there’s not enough room. Mike Huffman was Chairman before me and as past Chairman has offered council and guidance I could not do without. Ruthann Anderson, our Executive Director and also CAPCA’s Executive Director was the rock I needed. CAPCA and CCAs are joined at the hip and working together is vital to our success. Ruthann is there as our board and leadership change, so no need to reinvent the wheel. Thanks to all for a great two years. █
ADVERTORIAL
Extend Almond Bloom for Increased Nut Set Each year between February and early March, California almond orchards burst with beautiful flowers as almond buds begin to bloom. The longer the bloom, and if weather cooperates, the better your chances for each of those almond blooms to become pollinated, and the better your chances for a strong nut set and yield potential.
Extend the Pollination Period Field studies have demonstrated that ReTain extends the life of an almond bloom for a 43% longer pollination period over the untreated check. 3
Flowering Stage (0–3)
“Keeping the almond bloom viable longer is important for pollination — especially if wind, cloudy days or rain interfere with bees foraging,” said Tom Caruso, almond crop lead for Valent. “By keeping the flower alive longer, growers can help ensure the success of their investment.” Keep Flowers Alive Longer There’s never been a way to keep almond flowers viable longer. Until now. ReTain® Plant Growth Regulator for California extends the viability of almond bloom, allowing more opportunity for nut set, thus ensuring optimum crop load potential. ReTain works by reducing the blooms’ production of ethylene, thus delaying flower and stigmatic senescence. This results in flowers being viable longer, which allows more time for pollination to occur.
Untreated
2.5 2
Normal Pollination Period
1.5
To learn more about ReTain for almonds, visit valent.com/ReTainCA or contact your PCA.
ReTain Effect
1
43% Longer Pollination Period
0.5 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Days After First Open Bloom
Boost Nut Set for Optimized Yield Potential In more than 30 commercially applied research trials over three years, ReTain increased nonpareil almond variety yields by an average of 185 pounds per acre over the untreated check. Nonpareil Almond Variety (32 sites)
“ReTain is a proven technology with established use patterns for fruit and nut set in California cherries and walnuts,” Caruso said. Apply from 30 to 60% Bloom ReTain can be applied from 10% bloom to petal fall via airblast sprayer, but for best results apply from 30 to 60% bloom, with one water-soluble pouch per acre.
ReTain
+185
ReTain
Untreated
2,768 b
2,583 a
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
Yield (nutmeat lb/A) LSD P= 0.01 Source: Valent, 2014-2016
“To capitalize on a longer almond bloom and, most importantly, increased nut set, growers can now rely on ReTain,” Caruso said.
Products That Work, From People Who Care ® | valent.com | 800-6-VALENT (682-5368) Always read and follow label instructions. Products That Work, From People Who Care is a registered trademark of Valent U.S.A. LLC. ReTain is a registered trademark of Valent Biosciences LLC. ©2017 Valent U.S.A. LLC. All rights reserved. 2017-RETCA-6000
2018 CCA Exam Information: The next CCA exam will be: Friday, February 2, 2018 Registration will be available online from Oct. 2 - Dec. 8, 2017
https://www.certifiedcropadviser.org/exams An exam prep workshop for the State portion of the exam will be held on November 27, 2017 at CAPCA, 2300 River Plaza Drive in Sacramento. Cost is $100. Registration information is online at: https://capca.com/events/november-27-2017-cca-exam-preparatory-workshop/ Visit http://wrcca.org/exams for more information or contact Lien Banh: lien@capca.com, (916) 928-1625
2018 California Plant and Soils Conference February 6-7, 2018 Doubletree Hotel and Convention Center 2233 Ventura St, Fresno, CA 93721 Registration at: http://calasa.ucdavis.edu/Conference_Registration/ For more information visit the conference website at calasa.ucdavis.edu or contact Karen Lowell, USDA-NRCS, karen.lowell@ca.usda.gov | (831) 424-7377, ext. 7752
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
ADVERTORIAL
Double Nickel® Biofungicide Efficacy on Root Health for Young Grape in the San Joaquin Valley Eric Flora1, Oscar Cuevas1, David Kloepper1 and Scott Ockey2 2
Pacific Ag Research, San Luis Obispo, CA Certis USA, LLC. Yakima, WA
Abstract: Double Nickel® LC, a broad spectrum biofungicide containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747, was tested in a threeyear longitudinal study on newly planted Primitivo variety wine grapes. Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) related damage did negatively affect newly established vines that were untreated when planted into medium textured soil artificially infested above threshold. Double Nickel injected into drip irrigation at 1qt/a in spring and 2qt/a in fall resulted in significantly lower Root Knot Nematode populations in soil compared to the untreated plots. A reproduction factor was calculated for the population increase between spring and fall counts, and control based on this population response to treatment was 74% compared to the untreated in year 3, and 30% improvement over standard of Telone II® applied PPI. Trunk girth, soluble sugar in juice and canopy senescence were all positively affected by Double Nickel treatments. Trunk diameters were nearly 2mm wider on treated vines compared to the untreated, and after three years, Double Nickel treated vines had 15% larger diameter trunks than untreated. Leaf senescence was significantly more advanced in Double Nickel treated vines in year 1 and 2, but juice had a lower sugar content compared to other treatments. When fruit was produced in years 2 and 3, fruit production trended higher from vines treated with Double Nickel compared to the untreated and standard.
Nematode Counts: Table 1. Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) Population Counts from 100g Soil Samples
Population Counts 05/06/14 11/20/14 29 DA-D 64 DA-E 10.0 a 1020.8 a
07/23/13 59 DA-B 1.1 a
11/15/13 98 DA-C 756.7 a
2 Telone II1
0.3 b
1055.0 a
5.0 a
3 Double Nickel 2
0.1 b
376.7 a
0.0 a
Treatment 1 Untreated
05/15/15 35 DA-F 216.7 a
09/29/15 40 DA-G 121.7 a
125.0 a
11.7 a
90.0 a
804.2 a
98.3 a
38.3 a
Table 2. Root-Knot Nematode Reproduction Factors and Percent Control
Treatment 1 Untreated
Year 1 579.9 a
Reproduction Factors Year 2 Year 3 26.3 a 4.1 a
Abbott's Percent Control Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 0.0% b 0.0% a 0.0% b
2 Telone II1
66.7% a
32.4% a
47.0% a
3 Double Nickel 2
80.5% a
33.3% a
73.8% a
1
Telone II treatment = 12 gal/a (A), Double Nickel treatment = 1 qt/a (BDF) 2
LSD, α=0.05
Yield: YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YIELD – TONS/ACRE
1
First year yields were not collected as the vines were too young, but yields were highest in both the second and third year for the vines treated with Double Nickel, with as much as 0.5 ton/acre more expected on average in the second year and 0.8 ton/acre more in the third year.
In the spring and fall of each year the trial was conducted, 100g soil samples were taken from each plot and analyzed for the number of nematodes present. In the first year soil samples were collected, spring counts were extremely high following planting. To review the entire poster, please visit: www.CertisUSA.com
2016 Certis USA
©
1-800-250-5024 • www.CertisUSA.com
Special to the Adviser
Clearing the Air on Chelates
By Chris Underwood, PhD - Chemist Chelates…chelation…chelated products. The use of common chelants, such as EDTA and EDDHA, has been long-debated in crop fertility. Which one(s) keeps a micronutrient from reacting with other materials in a blend, while allowing for plant uptake once in the soil? Companies that use these technologies claim that their chelation prevents micronutrient tie-up in the soil and allow for better plant uptake. While most of these claims are true, some chelants are better than others. First, it’s helpful to understand what a chelation actually is. What is chelation? Think of chelates like Russian nesting dolls: the smallest doll is put inside a slightly larger doll and so on and so forth. The smaller dolls are completely encapsulated by a larger doll. Now think of a micronutrient like the smaller doll and the chelant like the larger doll. In essence, a chelant attempts to encapsulate the micronutrient. For instance, one EDTA molecule has the ability to completely encapsulate a micronutrient. There are other, smaller chelants that require two or three molecules (like amino acids) to encapsulate a micronutrient. The rub: Once a chelated nutrient is applied, whether in the soil or as a foliar, the trick is to remove the chelant to allow the plant to utilize the nutrient. There are a few factors to consider…
from reacting with it, but loosely enough to be freed from encapsulation so that it can be used by the plant. Common chelants can have adverse effects on soil health. Some common chelants, such as EDTA and EDDHA, do not break down quickly in the soil. As of now, there are only a few known strains of bacteria that can break down these chelants. Most usually leach through the soil profile before they are broken down, causing possible long-term environmental concerns. Before they break down, they also have the ability to chelate other heavy metals in the soil, such as lead, aluminum, and cadmium, and (here’s the real kicker) can make those heavy metals more available to the plant! They are also harmful to beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Azotobacter spp. and Rhizobium spp. As a foliar, they are somewhat efficient at penetrating the waxy cuticle of a leaf but still rely on multiple biological pathways to break down the chelant before it can be used by the plant. Other natural product-based chelants, such as amino acids or citrates, can also achieve cuticle penetration but can only be made in low concentrations due to their water solubility (sometimes not at all). █
Common chelants are most effective in a small pH window. EDTA, the most commonly-used chelant, can best keep nutrients chelated when the soil pH is between 5 to 7. EDDHA is normally used when the soil pH is over 7.5. Amino acids and citrates are best in soils with acidic pH (pH<7) but are not effective chelants in the soil. Common chelants have variable binding to micronutrients. Some chelants do not encapsulate nutrients as tightly as others. Some chelants, like EDTA and EDDHA, hold the nutrient so tightly that only a few mechanisms (like a select few soil bacteria or a couple of plant processes) can break it down and allow the plant to use it. Other chelants, like amino acids and citrates, hold so loosely that other compounds (like soil phosphate, for example) can displace the chelant and tie up the nutrient. The ideal chelant follows the “Goldilocks Principle”: it holds the nutrient strongly enough to keep other compounds
40
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Chris Underwood, PhD - Chemist
ADVERTORIAL
A New Approach to Saline-Sodic Soil Remediation Accumulated salt in irrigated soils can stress plants which reduces crop yields, lowers quality, and reduces irrigation efficiency. California has salt damage issues that affect more than 20% of all planted areas, which equates to about 4.5 million acres of irrigated cropland.
Salt Remediation Status Quo Despite this growing problem, there has been relatively little innovation in agronomic practices to remediate saline and sodic soils. The standard practice is broadcast or water-injected applications of gypsum to prevent salt damage to crops. The problem? Large amounts of gypsum are required – often a ton or more per acre for dry agricultural gypsum. Why so much? Although gypsum is 23 percent calcium only 0.25 percent is readily soluble. Because of this, extensive rainfall or irrigation is required to solubilize the gypsum so it can break down and move into the soil solution throughout a period of years.
Consider A New Approach CaTs® from TKI Crop Vitality offers great promise for growers interested in ways to quickly and efficiently displace salts from the root zone. CaTs is a neutral to basic, chlorine-free, clear solution, containing 6 percent calcium and 10 percent thiosulfate sulfur. Often called “liquid gypsum,” it is widely used in fertigation for treating soil remediation and for calcium and sulfur soil deficiencies. CaTs is 100 times more soluble than agricultural gypsum. It activates immediately and is not dependent on large amounts of rainfall or irrigation water to move into the soil solution. The thiosulfate molecule in CaTs reacts with free lime in the soil to release additional calcium. Further, CaTs can be applied on demand at lower amounts throughout the entire growing season using irrigation systems to reduce application costs and the risk of soil compaction.
While gypsum is considered a relatively cheap input, an application of CaTs typically has 15-20% lower cost per acre. It takes much less CaTs to treat the same acreage than gypsum because of the solubility of the calcium. Holden Research and Consulting conducted a field study comparing the effects of CaTs and injected gypsum. The trials were established on three, one-acre test plots in a Ventura County, California citrus grove throughout 10 weeks. The results showed that less than .25 percent of the injected gypsum was readily soluble compared to 100 percent of the calcium in CaTs. Also, CaTs reduced the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil by 28% while the gypsum application slightly increased the SAR. Dr. Bill Weir, University of California Cooperative Extension, completed a greenhouse study over a ten week period using drip irrigation and pure water. He found that 4 applications of 10 gallons of CaTs removed as much sodium as 2,000 pounds of solution grade gypsum with the same amount of water.
Comparison of CaTs and Gypsum Category
CaTs
Gypsum
Chemistry
Calcium Thiosuflate
Calcium Sulfate
Soil Reaction
Improves water infiltration. Thiosulfates react with carbonates to release additional calcium.
Improves water infiltration
Water Solubility
100% Soluble
.25% Soluble
Placement and Release of Nutrients
Greater control of calcium applications. Precision placement in drop zone.
Hard to control with inconsistent release of calcium.
Application Methods
Inject through irrigation systems.
Broadcast or inject solution grade gypsum which requires additional equipment.
Economic Considerations & Trial Results When it comes to soil remediation, the focus shouldn’t just be on gypsum. Rather it should be soluble calcium. It’s soluble calcium that pushes the salt below the root zones. This has big ramifications for growers when it comes to return on crop inputs.
For more information on how CaTs can help you manage soil salinity issues, please visit CropVitality.com.
©2017 Tessenderlo Kerley Inc. CaTs® is a registered trademark of Tessenderlo Kerley Inc. All rights reserved. See the CaTs Application Guide for handling instructions, crop precautions, rate recommendations by crop and timing of applications.
UC IPM
Evaluation of the Role of Chlorpyrifos in Almond Production Systems David Haviland, Emily Symmes, Jhalendra Rijal, and Kris Tollerup, UC Statewide IPM Program Over the past decade, no insecticide in California has been more scrutinized than the organophosphate compound chlorpyrifos. Advocates of this active ingredient are quick to draw attention to the value it has for managing a wide range of arthropod pests. Opponents are quick to point out the negative impacts that chlorpyrifos has in California waterways, drift cases where chlorpyrifos has affected fieldworker safety, medical studies showing the potential impacts of long-term exposure to children, and the results of air monitoring stations that routinely detect this active ingredient. Recent reviews of chlorpyrifos by the United States and California Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs) have determined that there are risks associated with chlorpyrifos, but that those risks can be mitigated through use patterns. For example, applications in California can only be made under the direction of a licensed pest control adviser after submitting a restricted material notice of intent to the local Agricultural Commissioner’s office. Additional safety precautions include limitations on which formulations can be used in areas with air quality concerns, label restrictions to prevent movement into waterways, restrictions on use around schools or day care facilities, and label guidelines to prevent drift and protect mixers, loaders, and fieldworkers.
Despite the long list of safety precautions, risks do still exist, and alternatives to chlorpyrifos should be used whenever possible. Examples include cultural controls, biological controls, and reduced-risk insecticides. Alternatives can be found within UC’s Pest Management Guidelines (ipm.ucanr.edu) and DecisionSupport Tool (ipm.ucanr.edu/decisionsupport). The California almond industry represents a great case study in the historic use of chlorpyrifos. This industry has worked hard to find balance between using alternatives when available and maintaining uses when alternatives have not been developed. Below are brief descriptions of key use of chlorpyrifos in almond production, and trends in that use since the early 2000s. Peach twig borer Through the early 2000s it was common to include diazinon and chlorpyrifos in dormant treatments for peach twig borer, particularly in the northern San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys. Unfortunately, dormant season is also the period of time that rains occur within these regions. Significant amounts of research documented that runoff of diazinon and chlorpyrifos from agricultural, as well as urban use, led to negative impacts on California waterways. As a result, urban use of chlorpyrifos became prohibited and farmers, including almond growers, gradually reduced dormant diazinon and chlorpyrifos use by switching to bloom or May sprays using other insecticides (Fig. 1). The most widely accepted method for managing peach twig borer without chlorpyrifos is to use reduced-risk worm products during a ‘May spray’. Examples include chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, and Bacillus thuringiensis. The timing for this application can be predicted using a degree-day model found in the Almond Pest Management Guidelines for peach twig borer (ipm.ucanr. edu/PMG/r3300211.html). Use of reducedrisk insecticides in May has reduced the need to use chlorpyrifos in the dormant season. It has also become an excellent alternative to applying insecticides at bloom when almond
Figure 1. Trends in the use of dormant applications of two organophosphates in almonds. Source: California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Database and Almond Almanac.
42
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
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UC IPM, CONT., Evaluation of the Role of Chlorpyrifos in Almond Production Systems
growers and beekeepers are working jointly to assure safety to pollinators. Navel orangeworm Since the early 2000s when azinphos-methyl became so restrictive that it could no longer be used, almond growers have been searching for alternatives. During the short term, they switched over to chlorpyrifos, whose use in June, July, and August increased from 86,991 acres in 2000 to over 140,000 acres in 2006 and 2007. However, in the nine years since 2006, growers have found alternatives. Growers reduced chlorpyrifos use between hull split and harvest to 64,990 acres (~50% reduction) by 2015, during a period of time that there was a 40% increase in bearing acreage statewide (~650,000 to ~900,000 acres) (Fig. 2). Primary alternatives to chlorpyrifos include methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole and mating disruption. Pyrethroids may also be used, but have grown out of favor due to their potential to flare mites and due to the development of resistance in many navel orangeworm populations. Currently, the most common programs for navel orangeworm include good winter sanitation, plus one or two applications of methoxyfenozide or chlorantraniliprole between hull split and harvest, with efforts to harvest as early as possible to avoid damage. In areas with greatest navel orangeworm pressure, these programs are used with the addition of mating disruption. The current role of chlorpyrifos for navel orangeworm is usually limited to emergency situations where growers become concerned close to harvest, particularly in fields that are ready to harvest but have to sit one or two more weeks waiting for harvest equipment to be available. In these cases, some growers use chlorpyrifos, often by air, to treat large blocks of trees very quickly to prevent damage
from the third and potentially fourth navel orangeworm flights. These treatments are not considered ideal, and are rarely planned in advance. Instead, they are usually made as a reaction to orchards where particular late-season concerns are identified after evaluating the percentage of nuts infested, pheromone trap captures, degreeday models to predict the next flight, and anticipated time to harvest. Southern fire ant The use of chlorpyrifos to control ants is obsolete. Through the late 1990s applications were made to the ground shortly before harvest to control foraging worker ants. This practice was replaced in the early 2000s by the use of solid baits containing abamectin, pyriproxifen and methoprene. These baits are broadcast on the ground six to eight weeks before harvest. More recently, a newer bait containing metaflumizone was registered. It works faster than the previous baits, but not for as long. For that reason it is typically applied approximately one week before the first harvest. These baits are all effective, affordable, easy to apply, and pose minimal risks to humans or the environment. For these reasons there is no longer any need to use chlorpyrifos for ants. San Jose scale Through the early 2000s it was common to use chlorpyrifos as a dormant treatment for San Jose scale in the southern San Joaquin Valley. This practice did not have all of the environmental risks of dormant treatments in the northern part of the state due to the relative lack of rainfall and waterways. However, in the early 2000s it was documented that the benefits of chlorpyrifos against San Jose scale were outweighed by the negative impacts the application had on the parasitoids Aphytis sp. and Encarsia sp. Since this time, growers have abandoned the dormant use of chlorpyrifos for San Jose scale and levels of parasitism have increased to the point that treatments are rarely needed. In the case that scale treatments are needed, two extremely good growth regulators containing pyriproxifen or buprofezin are available. Also available is the lipid synthesis inhibitor spirotetramat. Currently, the typical San Jose scale program in the lower San Joaquin Valley uses almost exclusively biocontrol plus a growth regulator as needed every five to seven years based on the sampling of spurs during the dormant season. Leaffooted bug and stink bugs Over the past decade, almond growers have significantly reduced the use of broad-spectrum insecticides in exchange for products with a narrower spectrum of
Figure 2. Trends in almond acreage and use of chlorpyrifos from June to August. Source: California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Use Database and Almond Almanac.
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
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herbicide for tree nuts and many stone/pome fruits. It is an excellent fit in “residual” weed control programs that provide up to six months of clean strips in orchards and minimize the number of contact herbicide applications needed for clean-up sprays.
Burndown Activity Both active ingredients in Pindar GT – penoxsulam and oxyfluorfen – provide post-emergence activity on the same 51 broadleaf weeds labeled for pre-emergence control. That “burndown” activity is a significant attribute. Ideal timing of residual herbicide applications is often in the fall before rains occur and before new weeds emerge. However, these “spray the dirt” applications aren’t always feasible. By the time residual herbicides are applied, some weeds have already emerged or have germinated but remain under the soil surface. The burndown activity of Pindar GT will control those emerged weeds.
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UC IPM, CONT., Evaluation of the Role of Chlorpyrifos in Almond Production Systems
activity and less environmental risk. As a result, there has been a significant increase in leaffooted bugs and stink bugs that have shifted from secondary to primary pests. Both groups of pests are sporadic, but both can cause significant damage. These insects are very difficult to kill with reduced-risk insecticides. Almond growers that determine that a treatment for these pests is needed must decide between two to three options. First, for either pest they can use a pyrethroid such as bifenthrin or lambdacyhalothrin while running the risk of killing beneficial organisms and flaring spider mites. Second, they can submit a notice of intent to the Agricultural Commissioner’s office to use chlorpyrifos, while dealing with risks associated with worker safety and off-site movement of product. This option is not available or advisable near waterways, schools, houses, or other sensitive areas. In the case of leaffooted bug there is a moderately-effective third option. Abamectin has been shown to provide some control of adult leaffooted bugs that it comes in direct contact with. The benefit is that this can provide a reduced-risk alternative to broad-spectrum insecticides. The drawback is that it has absolutely no residual activity and leaffooted bugs can walk right over the residues without any harm as soon as the material is dry. This means that abamectin can provide some immediate relief to leaffooted bug adults that have migrated into orchards, but can do nothing to prevent more of these highly-migratory insects from flying into the orchard during the days or weeks after application. New exotic pests In addition to existing pests, chlorpyrifos has the potential to play a role in future battles against newly-introduced exotic pests. When new pests arrive, it often takes years to develop IPM programs based on biological control and selective insecticide chemistries. It is important for the almond industry, as well as other industries, to have at least one broad-spectrum insecticide available in case an immediate response to a new pest is needed. Chlorpyrifos fits this need as one of the last broad-spectrum products available to almond growers that is not a pyrethroid. Conclusion Almond producers in California are a great example of how an industry can gradually shift away from broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticides such as chlorpyrifos in exchange for reduced-risk products and biological control. This shift has required significant investment in research, much of which was supported by growers through the Almond Board of California. In many cases, alternatives to chlorpyrifos have been developed and are employed. In other cases, alternatives are being developed as the almond industry furthers its long-term goals of sustainability. Additional information on identifying and managing critical uses of chlorpyrifos in almonds can be found on the California Department of Pesticide Regulation website at www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/pestmgt/ crit_uses.htm. █
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
The California Weed Science Society 2018 Annual Conference
“California Weed Science: From Restoration to Recreation” January 24-26, 2018 The Fess Parker Santa Barbara Hotel 633 East Cabrillo Boulevard Santa Barbara, CA 93103 Phone: 805.564.4333 www.cwss.org Featured Sessions Include:
• IPM approaches to weed control from “Restoration to Recreation” and everything in between including a discussion on cannabis pesticide regulatory issues • Student Oral Paper and Poster contests • The latest in weed biology and management in CA agricultural crops & orchards, turf & ornamentals, roadside & industrial sites, forestry, range & natural areas, and aquatic sites • Laws and Regulations Sessions DPR CEU’s have been requested To register online and view hotel reservation details, visit www.cwss.org or call (831) 442-0883 for a program agenda and registration form.
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Technical Technical Explanations Explanations Chelant A carbon-containing molecule designed to bind to positively charged metal ions in solution and prevent these ions from forming insoluble precipitates with other ions that may be present. Flavonol Polymer Technology Plant-derived molecules bonded together in a framework that acts as a natural protectant to the crop nutrients formulated in AgroLiquid products.
For over 30 years, AgroLiquid has used plant-derived polymers in our Flavonol Polymer Technology for a number of uses. We use this plant-derived technology to slowly release nitrogen to the crop, encapsulate polyphosphate to prevent tie-up, and chelate nutrients to allow for better crop uptake. This proprietary technology allows us to chelate micronutrients within the ‘sweet spot’ - not too loosely but not too tightly - providing the plant a consistent source of nutrients over an extended period of time. AgroLiquid has now developed Targeted Molecular Expression, which gives us the ability to perform chemistries on Flavonol Polymer Technology to create a new generation of products. By targeting a part of the molecule and expressing it with new structural features, we can alter the properties of how the technology behaves. For example, we can refine the release rate of nitrogen, improve the storability of liquid phosphorus, and improve the chelation of nutrients in more extreme soil pH. Since the Flavonol Polymer Technology is derived from natural sources, it can (1) be broken down over time by soil biology without the worry of adverse effects in soil applications, and (2) be easily recognized by plants as being part of themselves and therefore quickly absorbed and utilized.
• Flavonol –molecules that accumulate mainly in the outer tissues (skin and leaves) of fruit and vegetables, since their biosynthesis is stimulated by light • Polymer – a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins Targeted Molecular Expression Chemical synthesis where a reaction is performed on a specific part of the Flavonol Polymer molecule in order to create new structural features on/from the Polymer. BioActivitesTM Nutritional compounds and carbon sources used to accelerate and establish the colonization of beneficial microbes.
PRIMAGRO™ C-TECH contains organic matter, live strains of beneficial fungi, bacteria, and soil-activated chelates that help better hold nutrients in poor soil types, potentially improve seed application safety, release nutrients within soil solution, promote biological activity and help increase overall plant health. PRIMAGRO™ C-TECH may be used as an additive to other fertilizer products*, or as a standalone application. C-TECH is OMRI listed for organic use. *Always test compatibility when using PRIMAGRO™ C-TECH with any non-AgroLiquid product.
To learn more visit agroliquid.com DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
47
Sure-KÂŽ is a clean, chloride- and hydroxide-free potassium solution. It can be applied in combination with other crop production or protection products and presents a very low risk of crop injury. Sure-KÂŽ can be used in any cropping situation where potassium is needed.
48
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Kalibrateâ&#x201E;˘ is a chloride- and hydroxide-free potassium solution that contains sulfur. Kalibrateâ&#x201E;˘ is specially formulated to resist freezing and comes back into solution without heat or agitation even when freezing has occured, making it well- suited for fall and early-season delivery in northern climates.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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FARM ADVISORS
Invasive Shot Hole Borers on Palms in California Donald R. Hodel, Environmental Horticulturist, University of California Cooperative Extension
For about 15 years the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer and the Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer [now collectively known as the Invasive Shot Hole Borers (ISHBs) and the disease-causing fungal complex that they vector have been attacking over 200 species of woody plants in southern California, including a wide variety of landscape, agricultural, and forest trees. The ISHBs are small, wood-boring, ambrosia beetles in the genus Euwallacea. They bore into trunks and large branches, making tunnels or galleries where they lay eggs and can infect the host tree with a pathogenic fungal complex that is a food source for their developing larvae. This fungal complex, which causes the disease Fusarium dieback (FD), is composed of Fusarium euwallaceae, other Fusarium spp., Graphium euwallaceae, and Paracremonium pembeum. The Fusarium are thought to be the primary pathogen; hence, the common name of this disease. FD has been found in over 137 host species. The disease prevents movement of water and nutrients from the roots up into the trunk, branches, and leaves, which can lead to individual branch death or death of the entire tree. Until just a few years ago ISHBs were not documented on palms. However, in the last four years the ISHBs have attacked 10 species of palms, some of which are susceptible to FD. Fortunately, no palm deaths can yet be unequivocally attributed to the ISHBs. Here I provide an overview of the ISHBs on palms and their vectored FD disease, including their history and hosts, a description of the beetle and damage symptoms, and management strategies. History and Hosts of the ISHBs on Palms in Southern California By 2013 the ISHBs were documented on four species of uncommon to very common cultivated landscape palms in southern California, including Brahea armata (Mexican blue palm), Butia odorata (misapplied as B. capitata), Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm), and Washingtonia filifera (California fan palm), the latter of which is a California native although ISHBs has not yet been found in native stands in the desert. By the end of 2016, two more palm common landscape species susceptible to the ISHBs were added to the list, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (king palm) and Howea forsteriana (kentia palm), both joining Livistona chinensis and Washingtonia filifera as FD susceptible. Other landscape palm species observed that the ISHBs attacked in 2016 included Coccothrinax argentea (silver thatch palm), Dypsis plumosa), and Wallichia disticha; all three were rare species in a private collection in Orange County. The ISHBs were likely attacking palms several years prior to 2013 because in June, 2010 I had observed a Wodyetia bifurcata (foxtail
50
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Figure 1. Female ISHBs are black, 1.8-2.5 mm long, while males are brown and smaller (Howea forsteriana). palm) in San Diego with small, precise, round, entry/exit holes, frass, and dark staining on the lower part of the trunk that looked similar if not identical to the damage I have observed recently on palms in Orange and Los Angeles Counties. Table 1 summarizes the host palm species of the ISHBs and susceptibility to FD. The PSHB/FD association is likely to attack more palm species in the future. Table 1. Cultivated Landscape Palms Known to be Attacked by ISHBs and their Susceptibility to FD, 2017 * = reproductive host ** = California native
Species *Archontophoenix cunninghamiana Brahea armata Butia odorata (misapplied B. capitata) Coccothrinax argentea Dypsis plumosa *Howea forsteriana Livistona chinensis Wallichia disticha Washingtonia filifera** Wodyetia bifurcata
Common Name
Susceptibility to FD
king palm
Yes
Mexican blue palm
No
pindo palm
No
silver thatch palm
No No Yes Yes No Yes No
kentia palm Chinese fan palm California fan palm foxtail palm
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DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
51
FARM ADVISORS, CONT., Invasive Shot Hole Borers on Palms in California
ISHB Description and Biology The two ISHBs are morphologically identical and DNA data is necessary to distinguish them. Female beetles are black, 1.8-2.5 mm long (0.070.1 inch). Male beetles are brown and smaller, 1.5 mm long (0.06 inch). Fungi-carrying females land on a palm trunk and bore into the woody central cylinder where they lay eggs and spread the fungi responsible for FD. Larvae feed on the fungi, thus forming the symbiotic relationship, and develop into adults in about one month. Populations typically have more females than males. Mature siblings mate with each other and pregnant females, carrying the fungi in their mouth, depart through entry holes made by their mothers when they entered, and fly to another host. The wingless males do not fly and mostly remain in the palm host for their entire life. Because they are tropical beetles, the ISHBs are less active in the winter and most active in late summer and fall when populations and damage can spike.
Figure 2. ISHBs typically make small, precise, round entry/exit holes in palms (Howea forsteriana).
ISHB/FD Damage Three possible scenarios can occur when ISHBs attack a palm: 1. The palm repels the ISHBs without fungal infection. 2. The ISHBs successfully bore into the palm trunk, spreads the fungi, but do not produce offspring. 3. The ISHBs successfully bore into the palm trunk, spread the fungi, and produce offspring. These palm species are considered reproductive hosts of the ISHB. That a palm is susceptible to ISHBs and even FD does not necessarily mean it will necessarily show symptoms or die. Indeed, I have observed no palms whose deaths or even wilt symptoms can yet be equivocally attributed to the ISHBs and the FD. However, the extensive tunneling and galleries can structurally weaken palm trunks and serve as entry sites for secondary diseases like pink rot. Symptoms on palms differ somewhat from those on non-palm trees. Like non-palm trees, palms typically have the small, precise, round entry/ exit holes, gumming (soft to hard, clear to dark brown, syrupy or jell-like exudate) and stained or darkened surface tissue, and frass on the trunk or leaf bases when attacked; however, they lack the whitish sugary exudate common on many non-palm trees that ISHBs attack. If the fungal complex successfully colonizes the palm, the wood discolors, becoming dark brown
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Figure 3. Sawdust-like frass and gumming on the trunk are typical of an ISHB attack (Howea forsteriana).
to black internally surrounding individual galleries. White mycelia of the Fusarium fungal complex are sometimes visible inside the galleries; other, opportunistic fungi (Phytophthora spp., Nalanthamala vermoeseni), perhaps taking advantage of the wounds, also might be present and affect wood color and texture. However, general wilt symptoms, consisting of leaf browning and sagging, starting from the lower or oldest leaves and moving progressively upwards, and eventual death, as in other Fusarium wilts of palms, have not yet been observed or documented with the ISHBs/FD association. Perhaps palms can tolerate this pathogenic fungal complex or, we have simply not been tracking this insect/disease association sufficiently long in
ADVERTORIAL
THE NEMATODE THREAT TO
VINE LONGEVITY
NEMATODES CAUSED
& YIELD
157 B
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GROWERS CAN’T SEE
IN YIELD LOSS WORLDWIDE1
NEMATODES BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES2
Nematodes are microscopic roundworms that feed on plant roots, causing devastating vigor and yield reduction across the vineyard. According to the University of California, above-ground symptoms of nematode damage are mostly unthrifty vines.
ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES CAUSED
Field evaluation and nematode sampling: It is crucial to identify the nematode species present and estimate the population size through nematode sampling.
IN ANNUAL LOSSES TO THE WINE INDUSTRY
Vineyard preparation pays off: Vineyard preparation can also include the use of fumigation, where suitable, to help lower nematode populations when initially planting a vineyard.
1 BILLION
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Nematode infestations are commonly found in areas of the vineyard where vines lack vigor, growth and abundant yields. Effective nematode management relies on a variety of measures that can help enhance vine longevity and yield. UCCE – Kern County four-year trials show:
Virus transmission considerations: Some nematodes are vectors to plant diseases that should be eliminated before establishing new vineyards.
MOVENTO SUPPRESSES ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES BY 68% NUMBER OF NEMATODES
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Crop protection products: Movento, applied as a foliar application, is a nematode management tool that will translocate to roots where nematodes feed, providing an easy way to manage nematodes. Rootstocks: Plant only certified nematode-free or nematoderesistant rootstocks.
0
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1
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1 V-1
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Four-year trials show Movento insecticide/nematicide combined with Admire Pro insecticide from Bayer provides long-lasting efficacy against root-knot nematodes.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION TRIALS SHOW:
Good weed management helps: Use herbicides at fallow since various weeds are hosts to nematodes.
Early May & post-harvest applications of Movento can help result in:
68%
SUPPRESSION OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES
1“Nematodes: “A Threat 2University of California
Root health: A healthy soil can help plant growth while providing organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, fertility and water purification, helping the plant better tolerate nematode populations.
94
%
CONTROL OF MEALYBUG
Sanitation: Use appropriate sanitation practices. Avoid moving soil between fields. Clean equipment of soil before relocating to different fields. Cultural practices: Manures and soil amendments can improve vine vigor and reduce the impact of nematodes.
LEARN MORE AT MOVENTO.US.
to Sustainability of Agriculture,” Satyandra Singh, Bijendra Singh and A. P. Singh. Integrated Pest Management Program.
© 2017 Bayer CropScience LP, 2 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Always read and follow label instructions. Bayer, the Bayer Cross, Admire, and Movento are registered trademarks of Bayer. Not all products are registered for use in every state. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.CropScience.Bayer.us.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
53
FARM ADVISORS, CONT., Invasive Shot Hole Borers on Palms in California
palms to see these wilt symptoms. In the few palms so far that the PSHB and FD have attacked, other diseases and disorders might have already been present, which could kill the palm before the FD can run its course. Management While the PSHB attacks even healthy palms, providing optimal culture will help palms recover from an attack more quickly. Select an appropriate palm for the location and plant and care for it appropriately, which means correct planting depth, irrigation, well drained soil, palm-special fertilizer, and mulch.
Figure 4. Successful FD colonization darkens tissues internally around individual galleries (Howea forsteriana). Note the ISHB larva at the tip of the knife.
Figure 5. White mycelia of the Fusarium fungal complex are sometimes visible inside the galleries (Howea forsteriana).
Trunk injections of insecticides and fungicides on palms are not recommended because palm trunks lack a vascular cambium that can cover over injection wounds; such wounds are permanent, unsightly, and can serve as entry sites for diseases and pests.
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Early detection and proper removal and disposal of infested palms can reduce ISHB populations and spread of FD. On-site chipping and solarizing infested wood can limit spread of the ISHB/FD association. Chip wood into pieces smaller than 2.5 cm (1 inch). If a palm trunk is too large to chip, solarize it under a clear plastic tarp 0.15 mm (0.006 inch) for six weeks in the summer (July to August) and six months at other times of the year. Do not move infested woods or chips out of an infested area. Chips can also be moved to a professional composting facility, biogeneration facility, or landfill if these are not outside the infested area. To help prevent spread of FD, sterilize pruning tools with either 5% household bleach, Lysol cleaning solution, or 70% ethyl alcohol after use on infested/diseased palms. Only preliminary work has been performed on chemical and biocontrol strategies for ISHBs. Management options do not exist once a palm is moderately to heavily infested with ISHBs; the best option is removal to prevent or lower the chances of the ISHB spreading to other palms. Pest control applicators have used prophylactic sprays on the palm trunk of bifenthrin or dinotefuran and soil applications of imidacloprid to protect palms although this strategy has not been independently verified. Remember that these insecticides are harmful to bees so judiciously consider the appropriateness of such treatments. Trunk injections of insecticides and fungicides on palms are not recommended because palm trunks lack a vascular cambium that can cover over injection wounds; such wounds are permanent, unsightly, and can serve as entry sites for diseases and pests.
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DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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FARM ADVISORS, CONT., Invasive Shot Hole Borers on Palms in California
References Faber, B. A.., J. S. Morse, and M. S. Hoddle. 2016. UC Pest Management Guidelines: Avocado. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer and Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer. UC ANR Publication 3436. On-line: http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r8302011.html. Accessed: 1 October 2017. Eskalen, A. 2016. Polyphagous shot hole borer/Fusarium dieback. On-line: http://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/pshb.html. Accessed: 1 October 2017. Eskalen, AQ., J. S. Mayorquin, J. D. Carrillo, S. C. Lynch, J. Kabashima, T. Paine, R. Stouthamer, F. Byrne, and J. Morse. 2016. Invasive shot hole borers threatening trees in southern California. UC IPM Green Bulletin 6(3): 1-3. On-line: http://eskalenlab.ucr. edu/handouts/invasiveshotholeborers.pdf. Accessed: 1 October 2017. Eskalen, A., R. Stouthamer, S. Colleen Lynch, P. F. RugmanJones, M. Twizeyimana, A. Gonzalez, and T. Thibault. 2013. Host range of Fusarium dieback and its ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) vector in southern California. Plant Disease 97(7): 938-951. On-line: http://eskalenlab.ucr.edu/handouts/ hostrangeofusariumiebackandpolphagousshotholeborercalifornia. pdf. Accessed: 1 October 2017.
Hodel, D. R. 2012. The Biology and Management of Landscape Palms. The Britton Fund, Inc., Western Chapter, International Society of Arboriculture, Porterville, CA. 176 pp. Hodel, D. R. 2017. Polyphagous shot hole borer and Fusarium dieback disease on palms. PalmArbor 2017-1: 1-17. On-line: http:// ucanr.edu/sites/HodelPalmsTrees/files/255716.pdf. Accessed: 1 October 2017. Lynch, S. C., M. Twizeyimana, J. Mayorquin, D. Wang, F. Na, M. Kayim, M. Kasson, P. Q. Thu, C. Bateman, P. Rugman-Jones, J. Hucr, R. Stouthamer, and A. Eskalen. 2016. Identification, pathogenicity, and abundance of Paracremonium pembeum sp. nov. and Graphium euwallaceae sp. nov.—two newly discovered mycangial associates of the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp.) in California. Mycologia 108(2): 313-329. Stouthamer, R., P. Rugman-Jones, A. Eskalen, J. Kabashima, M. Dimson, A. Gonzalez, G. Arakelian, D. R. Hodel, and S. Drill. 2016. Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer. On-line: http://ucanr.edu/ sites/socaloakpests/Polyphagous_Shot_Hole_Borer/. Accessed: 1 October 2017. █
CAPCA STAFF CONTACTS
RUTHANN ANDERSON CAPCA President/CEO Adviser Editor ruthann@capca.com (916) 928-1625
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Programs/Communications Dir. Adviser Deputy Editor joyce@capca.com (916) 928-1625
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
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LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW LUNA CAN HELP YIELD ABUNDANT HARVESTS AT CROPSCIENCE.BAYER.US. © 2017 Bayer CropScience LP, 2 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Always read and follow label instructions. Bayer, the Bayer Cross, Luna, Luna Experience, and Luna Sensation are registered trademarks of Bayer. Pristine and Merivon are registered trademarks of BASF Corporation. Not all products are registered for use in all states. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.CropScience.Bayer.us.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
57
SAVE THE DATES FOR THESE 2018 SPRAY SAFE EVENTS: Yuba-Sutter Spray Safe
Wednesday, January 17, 2018
Info: Jessica DeCoito, Yuba-Sutter Farm Bureau 530-673-6550
Kern County Spray Safe
January 26, 2018 Kern County Fairgrounds 1142 South P Street, Bakersfield, CA 93307 9:00 a.m. -1:00 p.m. Admission: Free Lunch provided Info: Jeff Rasmussen 661-978-8076
Woodland (Yolo County) January 31, 2018
Info: Yolo Co. Farm Bureau (530) 662-6316
Ventura County Spray Safe
Tuesday, March 20, 2018 Ventura County Fairgrounds and Event Center Ventura, CA 93001 Registration: 7:30 am; Start Time: 8:30 am Admission: Free Lunch provided RSVP: Email spraysafe@farmbureauvc.com with "VC Spray Safe" in the subject line. Please RSVP by March 13, 2018.
58
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
ADVERTORIAL
Ensure season-long control of pre- and post-emergent weeds WEEDS REDUCE TREE HEALTH AND CROP QUALITY. Weeds compete with trees and vines for nutrients, water and light and can impact yield and hinder harvesting practices. Weeds can even compete with target plants for uptake of insecticides and other chemicals, making the crop more susceptible to insects and disease.
Key weeds present in orchards and vineyards have been found to be resistant to glyphosate. A best practice to slow down weed resistance to herbicides includes using multiple effective modes of action in your pre- and post-emergent herbicide sprays.
WEEDS RESISTANT TO GLYPHOSATE
While cultural and mechanical practices can provide some help in managing weed pressures, most growers utilize herbicides to deal with major threats. Whether or not resistant weeds are currently present, having an integrated approach to weed control can mean the difference to bottom lines.
Alion® and Rely® 280 weed program from Bayer are complementary pre- and post-emergent herbicides for tree nuts, grapes and citrus that effectively eliminate tough grass and broadleaf weeds with long-lasting residual control and excellent crop safety. Together, Alion and Rely offer versatile application approaches to ensure you start and stay weed-free.
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Keep crop safety in mind when selecting a weed management program. Choose pre- and post-emergent herbicides that provide excellent season-long weed control without impact on roots, fruit or plant vigor.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXTENSION RESEARCH SHOWS: Using Alion® and Rely ® together results in season-long weed control
JUNGLE RICE CONTROL
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Learn more at CropScience.Bayer.us
Application included Alion 5 oz. + Rely
University Trial for Hairy Fleabane and Ryegrass Control by Brad Hanson, UC IPM, Arbuckle, CA, 2015
®
© 2017 Bayer CropScience LP, 2 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Bayer, the Bayer Cross, Alion, and Rely are registered trademarks of Bayer. Roundup is a registered trademark of Monsanto Technology LLC. Always read and follow label instructions. Not all products are registered for use in every state. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.CropScience.Bayer.us.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
59
CAPCA
Watching Out for PCAs
Mission & Purpose CAPCA’s mission is to facilitate the success of the PCA and to represent our 3000 members who provide pest management consultation for the production of food, fiber and ornamental industries of California. CAPCA’s purpose is to serve as the leader in the evolution of the pest management industry through the communication of reliable information. CAPCA is dedicated to the professional development and enhancement of our members’ education and stewardship which includes legislative, regulatory, continuing education and public outreach.
60
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Nutrient Management Meetings
Save the Dates! NOVEMBER 29, 2017 Hodel’s Country Dining 5917 Knudsen Drive Bakersfield, CA 93308 NOVEMBER 30, 2017 Gilroy Lodge on the Hill 2765 Hecker Pass Highway Gilroy, CA 95020 Register online at https://capca.com/events/
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Kocide® and BioActive™ are trademarks of Kocide LLC. © 2017 Kocide LLC.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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Special to the Adviser
Entomopathogenic Fungi in IPM A Conversation with Surendra Dara, Ph.D. By Felicia Gillham, Gillham & Associates Biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are increasingly becoming important tools in the use and adoption of IPM strategies in both organic and conventional production systems. EPF are pathogenic to a broad range of arthropod pests and ideal for use against a variety of soil, foliar, and fruit pests on a wide variety of crops. We ask for more information about these materials from Surendra K. Dara, Ph.D., Strawberry and Vegetable Crops Advisor, UCCE, San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties. Q. What are entomopathogenic fungi or EPF? A. The three most common EPF available in California and the U.S. are Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium brunneum. These fungi are naturally occurring, soilborne pathogens that infect a variety of arthropod pests. EPF are especially suitable for insects that have piercing and sucking mouthparts that are usually not targeted by other entomopathogens such as bacteria, nematodes, or viruses. EPF work more or less like contact pesticides where they infect insects and mites when their spores germinate upon contact with the cuticle of the pest. Spores breach the host cuticle through enzymatic degradation and mechanical pressure to enter and multiply within the hostâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s body. After consuming the internal tissue of the host, the fungus grows out of the dead cadaver and produces new spores that are dispersed by wind and rain to infect new insects and mite hosts. Q. EPF are formulated with different types of fungal spores? How is that important? A. One of the reasons EPF are attractive biopesticides is that they can be mass-produced and formulated into wettable powders, granules, or flowable formulations for ease of handling and application. Each of these formulations contain fungal spores as its active ingredient. While B. bassiana and M. brunneum contain conidiospores or conidia, some I. fumosorosea formulations contain blastospores.
Each fungus can produce both types of spores depending on the environment in which it grows. Fungi sporulating on solid media, such as grain (or on agar in a Petri dish) produce conidia, which are meant for long-term survival and dispersal of the fungus between hosts. Blastospores are produced within the infected host or when the fungus is grown in submerged fermentation (a liquid environment that mimics the host). Blastospores are adapted to spread the infection within the host, survive temporary conditions unfavorable for fungal growth, and germinate rapidly when conditions become favorable. Conidia, therefore, tend to have greater long-term stability, while blastospores have the advantage of rapid germination and higher infectivity. Both conidia and blastospores cause infection via the cuticle of the host, but blastospores can also cause infection when they are ingested. The type of spores can also vary the way they are suspended in the spray fluid. Since conidia are aerially dispersed and tend to be hydrophobic, they can be difficult to mix in water unless formulated in oil or surfactants are added. On the other hand, blastospores are hydrophilic as they are formed in an aqueous environment and suspend easily in water for spraying. Q. Where can EPF be used? Are there specific requirements for storing and handling EPF? A. The general perception is that EPF are ideal for cooler climates, but several studies showed their efficacy in warmer climates especially in areas with high relative humidity. Nighttime condensation on the foliage or higher relative humidity within the crop canopy favor the infection process in regions that are perceived to be less suitable for EPF. Other factors that influence the efficacy of EPF include storage and handling, application strategies, and tank-mix materials. Since EPF formulations have live fungal propagules, it is very important to avoid storing in warmer conditions and exposure to high temperatures or UV radiation. Some formulations may require refrigeration until the time of application.
COMPARISON OF EPFs Characteristic
EPF Isaria fumosorosea
Beauveria bassiana Metarhizium brunneum Spore type Conidiospore or conidium Germination Relatively slower germination, but more environmentally more stable Infection Via cuticle Mixing in water Require surfactants to suspend in water Host range A wide variety of pests 62
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Blastospore Rapid germination and higher infectivity Via cuticle and through ingestion Easily suspend in water A wide variety of pests
An Example From the Field: Use of EPFs to Control Bagrada Bug When the Bagrada bug was on the spread from county to county, its control was a major issue especially for organic growers. There was no organically approved pesticide available that would successfully control Bagrada bug. EPF and their combination with azadirachtin or other materials appeared to bring pest populations to acceptable levels based on the feedback received from several growers. Pictured here: (a) Bagrada bug killed by Isaria fumosorosea, (b) Bagrada bug killed by Beauveria bassiana and (c) Bagrada bug killed by Metarhizium brunneum. Source: Surendra K. Dara, Ph.D., UCCE.
a
b
c
Compared to daytime application, spraying EPF materials in the evenings will ensure several hours of ideal conditions, such as low temperatures, high moisture, and lack of UV radiation, for the fungus to cause infection. Thorough coverage of the canopy ensures sufficient inoculum or fungal propagules to be present on the plant surface even if the upper leaf area is exposed to UV radiation during the daytime. It is important to verify the product label for ideal pH of the spray fluid and compatibility of the EPF with surfactants, fertilizer materials, fungicides or other tank-mix materials. For example, B. bassiana is not compatible with captan or thiram, but is compatible with several other fungicides. Q. How can EPF be used in IPM Programs? A. In some crop and pest situations, using EPF in combination or rotation with botanical or chemical pesticides is more effective than their stand-alone applications. Such a strategy provides pest management without compromising environmental sustainability or pest control efficacy. Since the whole idea of IPM is to make a good use of all available tools, combinations in rotations of both chemical and biopesticides is important to improve the overall efficacy of the program and optimize the cost of pest management. Both chemical and biopesticides vary in their efficacy in a variety of crop and pest situations and understanding their mode of action and using the appropriate ones in the right combinations, rotations, rates, and times is critical for achieving desired results. EPF play an important role in IPM programs and in some cases they are critical tools for certain pests. Since recent studies show their role in promoting plant growth and antagonizing plant pathogens, EPF can provide additional benefits when they are applied for pest management. Understanding their potential and using them in appropriate situations will support IPM programs in both conventional and organic farming systems. â&#x2013;&#x2C6;
EPF are pathogenic to a broad range of arthropod pests and ideal for use against a variety of soil, foliar, and fruit pests on a wide variety of crops.
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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ADVERTORIAL
When it comes to yield, timing is everything.
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Three-way Activation
It’s even easier to understand this concept when broken down into three categories:
“The root tips serve as the ‘brains’ of the plant by regulating all of the plant growth processes,” said Jerry Stoller, founder and CEO of Stoller Group. “Our products support this area by alternating sugar absorption and partitioning the plant to manage abiotic stress.” The directing of energy continues to move the right amount of sugar to the right part of the plant throughout its lifecycle, as long as the plant is able to fight off abiotic stress.
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
START: Stoller products deliver
nutrients to the plant, and these nutrients increase the amount and flow of energy to the roots—so that plants emerge stronger.
GROW: Stoller products enhance overall plant health and help the plant realize its true yield potential.
“Stoller can recommend a program that will meet the needs for your crops and fields,” said Kirk Van Leuven, Stoller sales and marketing development representative for California. “For example, an orchard or vineyard performance program is designed to help growers achieve consistent yields, along with improved growth. We’re always keeping one eye on the development of next year’s crop.” The program can potentially achieve additional results — reducing nutrient disorders like berry, shatter or nut drop. However, the biggest benefit of a Stoller program is the profit growers report with the stronger plants and increased yields.
Create Your Program FINISH: Stoller products improve nutrient uptake into critical areas to aid fruit, nut, flower or seed germination and growth, and optimize conditions for more bloom, fruit size and yield — thus finishing the growth process.
To learn which Stoller products will help each of your growers experience the power of increased yields, overall plant health and abiotic stress resistance in their fields, visit StollerUSA.com to identify your area sales representative.
Charged up and ready to grow. The science of Stoller helps you maximize energy to grow healthier, stronger plants. Our full range of products allows you to create, move and control the flow of energy to critical parts of the plant through each stage of its lifecycle, creating vigorous growth, better stress resistance and, ultimately, bigger yields.
stollerusa.com
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
NOTE: The following job opportunities are abbreviated postings. To view the complete posting, please log into the MEMBERS ONLY section of our website https://capca.com/my-account/ Director of Regulatory Affairs California Citrus Mutual
Summary: California Citrus Mutual is seeking an individual to join its team to focus on proposals emanating from state and federal agencies via the regulatory process. Under the direction of the CEO, said individual will analyze proposals, determine the potential impact to members of the California citrus industry, and prepare comments and action steps as directed by the Board of Directors and CEO. Requirements: A qualified candidate should have a working knowledge of the regulatory process within the California EPA and its departments and the U.S. EPA. Candidates should have excellent verbal and written communication skills, some knowledge of the California citrus industry at the growing and packing levels. Overnight travel to citrus production areas and Sacramento is required of the position. Compensation will be commensurate with experience and a full benefit package, including insurances and retirement programs are offered. Apply: Please forward a letter of interest and resumes to the ccm@cacitrusmutual.com, attention Joel Nelsen. Position open until filled.
Employment Openings with Yara Yara North America
Summary: Yara’s knowledge, products and solutions grow farmers’, distributors’ and industrial customers’ businesses profitably and responsibly, while protecting the earth’s resources, food and environment. Our fertilizers, crop nutrition programs and technologies increase yields, improve product quality and reduce the environmental impact of agricultural practices. Our industrial and environmental solutions improve air quality by reducing emissions from industry and transportation, and serve as key ingredients in the production of a wide range of goods. We foster a culture that promotes the safety of our employees, contractors and societies. Founded in 1905 to solve emerging famine in Europe, today Yara has a worldwide presence, with close to 15,000 employees and sales to about 160 countries. Positions: Our Business Unit in North America is embarking on a growing phase, and will be hiring several Agronomic roles during 2018, 2019 and 2020. Visit our website, for the positions that will recurrently be posted: Regional Sales Managers, Crop Managers, Sales Agronomist, Product Specialists Apply: For current vacancies, please visit our career page at www.yara.com
In-House Pest Control Adviser – Fresno/Madera, CA P-R Farms
Description: P-R Farms, Inc. has an immediate opening for a qualified PCA who wants to practice their chosen profession in a stable position without the pressures of having to sell goods and services. The ideal candidate will be licensed in invertebrates, pathogens, and weed suppression at a minimum. Duties/Requirements: Prepare and file all pesticide use reports and approved inputs; Interpret soil, tissue, and water analyses; Bid each chemical purchase, track delivery, coordinate the application with Irrigation Technician and Field Managers, and monitor all chemical application; Working knowledge of Spanish would also be beneficial; Pest ID and management on Almonds, Olives, Citrus, and Wine Grapes; Knowledge of the following: 1) nutritional requirements and management on Nut Crops and Wine Grapes, 2) geo-referenced information systems, 3) chemical and nutrient application methods - orchard sprayers, herbicide applicators, chemigation/fertigation, fumigation, etc.; Minimum PCA License categories: A, B, E; CCA certification desired; QAL desired; Computer programs: MS Office, Agrian. Apply: Please submit your resume and cover letter with desired salary to pat@prfarms.com
Nursery Sales Representative – Sacramento, CA Crop Production Services
Description: This position requires a dynamic and motivated self-starter who is capable of working both alone and with a team. Candidate must be able to complete multiple projects while maintaining the general requirements of the position in a time-sensitive environment. Extensive horticulture knowledge and exemplary customer service and sales skills are required of the position. Duties: Sells company products and services; Maintains sales programs within assigned territory/accounts; Responsible for meeting annual sales goals; Monitors competitive activity and trends; May be required to keep records and prepare reports on sales activities; Knowledge of product features, benefits, and use; Responsible to continue education on marketing techniques, products and services; Provides training to employees as needed; Initiates trials that will support marketing efforts; Interprets soil, tissue, and water analysis; Researches and responds to technical inquiries; Publishes and distributes periodic summaries of agronomic observations and research; Maintains and builds customer contracts; Other duties as assigned. Requirements: California Pest Control Adviser License; Agricultural or Horticulture based degree desired; 3-5 years sales experience; Valid driver's license is required. Apply: Visit www.cpsagu.com/careers █
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CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
IT’S WATERPROOF
• New waterproof formula—rain, mold and water resistant • Broadcast application in citrus for maximum snail control and easy compliance • Kills fast—dead snails observed within 24 hours
BAIT IRRIGATE ELIMINATE
• Small Micro-pellet® for maximum number of baiting points • Residue (MRL) exempt • Zero PHI, 4 hr REI • Unlimited number of applications per year allowed, no retreatment interval • Broad label includes citrus, grapes, nuts, nursery stock and more
Bait Back!
• Unique mode of action = superior activity in wet and cool weather • Easy to see blue pellets Neudorff North America 250-652-5888 • NeudorffPro.com
CONTINUING EDUCATION
2017 DPR ACCREDITED COURSE REPORT Copyright 1993, 2010, Continuing Education Center for Pest Management
Date
11/28/2017 11/28/2017
Title
Annual Grower Meeting Annual Santa Maria Strawberry Mtg
Location
(209)223-6487
Santa Maria
UCCE
Dara, Surendra
(805)720-1700
3.5
Sidiqi, Nadir
(909)568-4150
6.5
Glenn
Albarran-Jack, Mirna
(530)934-6501
4
Clovis
UC IPM
Blecker, Lisa
(530)750-1251
6
Chico Madera
Butte Co Ag Dept Madera Co Ag Comm
Pittman, Eric Wong, Heidi
(530)891-2754 (559)675-7876
3 2
Clovis
UC IPM
Blecker, Lisa
(530)750-1251
6
Fresno Escondido
Fresno Farm Bureau W Ext
Sorensen, Courtney Hawk, Jessica
(559)237-0263 (800)488-9495
3 1
Napa
UC IPM
Blecker, Lisa
(530)750-1251
6
Visalia
AAIE
Rothfuss, Bill
(559)907-4897
4
Glenn
Specialty Safety Trn
Bruce, Richard
(530)385-1841
4
Napa
UC IPM
Blecker, Lisa
(530)750-1251
6
Shutler, Greta
(209)533-5691
3
Glenn Co Annual Grower Meeting Pesticide Safety Instructor Training Workshops Butte Co Grower Day Madera County CE Session 3 Pesticide Safety Instructor Training Workshops CE Class Organic Pest Management Pesticide Safety Instructor Training Workshops AAIE Ecological Pest Management Conference Handler Safety Pesticide Safety Instructor Training Workshops Tuolumne Co CE Workshop
Sonora
11/30/2017 12/1/2017 12/1/2017 12/1/2017 12/1/2017
Taylor, Frank
(202)546-5722
1.5
Merced Merrill, OR Red Bluff Napa Sacramento Yuba City
Tuolumne Co Ag Comm Natl Ag Aviation Association Merced Co Ag Comm Siskiyou Ag Dept Tehama Co Ag Dept Napa Co Ag Comm PAPA Sutter Ag Comm
Pellman, Yvette Smith, James Moss, Thomas Stewart, Lisa Halsey, Spencer Kendel, Jan
(209)385-7431 (530)667-5310 (530)527-4504 (707)253-4357 (831)442-3536 (530)822-7503
2 2 2 2 7 3
San Martin
Santa Clara Co Ag
Barbeau, Kristian
(408)201-0650
2
Ontario
Arborjet
Fluharty, Dawn
(650)996-8291
3
Fairfield Colusa
Solano Co Ag Dept Colusa Co Ag Dept
Quan, Andrina Hinton, Greg
(707)784-1310 (530)458-0580
3 4
Syracuse, NY
Dukes Root Control
Heffron , Lynn
(315)472-4781
8
Seaside Yuba City Jackson Watsonville
Wilbur Ellis Sutter Ag Comm Amador Co Ag Dept Santa Cruz Ag Comm Bionatural Healing College CTN
Colfer, Gina Kendel, Jan Bassett, Carrie Sanford, David
(831)809-5437 (530)822-7503 (209)223-6487 (831)763-8080
1 3 2 2
Sidiqi, Nadir
(909)568-4150
6.5
Kezar, Tommy
(512)829-5114
6
12/13/2017 12/14/2017 12/15/2017 12/15/2017
Aerial Application Research Technology Session Merced CAC Update Pesticide Use Monthly Update CE for Private Applicators Napa Co Grower Update PAPA QAC/QAL Test Prep Sutter Co Grower CE Meeting Bay Area Chrysanthemum Growers Assoc Seminar Arborjet Training Event with PSHB Update Pesticide Regulations Update Colusa Co Grower Meeting Sewer Line Root Control Recert Training Course Wilbur Ellis Organic Seminar Sutter Co Grower CE Meeting Annual Grower Meeting Pesticide Laws & Regs Update
12/18/2017
Bionatural Healing College
Pomona
12/18/2017
CTN CE Courses
Las Vegas, NV
12/4/2017 12/5/2017 12/5/2017 12/7/2017 12/7/2017 12/7/2017 12/7/2017 12/11/2017 12/12/2017 12/12/2017 12/13/2017 12/13/2017
70
2
Bionatural Healing College Glenn Co Ag Comm
11/28/2017
11/30/2017 11/30/2017
Hrs
Bassett, Carrie
Pomona
11/29/2017
Phone
Amador Co Ag Dept
Bionatural Healing College
11/29/2017 11/29/2017
Contact
Jackson
11/28/2017
11/28/2017
Sponsor
Savannah, GA
CAPCA ADVISER | DECEMBER 2017
Holiday Hours for CAPCA State Office The CAPCA State Office will be closed from noon on December 22, 2017 through January 2, 2018 in observance of the Christmas & New Years holidays. To allow for processing and mailing, all requests for CE hours printouts must be received no later than 10 a.m. on Friday, December 22, 2017
AGQ is Partnering with Crop Advisors and Ranch Managers Worldwide to provide Crop Nutritional MonitoringTM as a tool to maximize profitability. AGQ's Crop Nutritional Monitoring is an advanced technology that utilizes patented instrumentation and methodology available for license to aid in the efforts of providing more efficient crop management for profitability, sustainability and for a better and safer world. Crop Nutritional Monitoring is a patented instrumentation and proprietary methodology. (US PTO #9,107,341)
For more information, contact AGQ at (805) 981-2972 or visit us at agqlabs.us.com
DECEMBER 2017 | CAPCA ADVISER
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BEST-IN-CLASS CONTROL breaks appearing on cool spring mornings is a sure sign fungal the cycle. Moisture disease can’t be far behind. Sovran fungicide helps control ®
costly fungal diseases like phomopsis (black rot) and powdery mildew by blocking the pathogen’s ability to produce energy. In fact, Sovran fungicide has earned U.C. Davis’ highest rating for phomopsis control.1 When used early as part of a season-long resistance management program, this FRAC Group 11 fungicide offers rapid protection to developing shoots, leaves and canes. Talk to your PCA or FMC Star Retailer to learn more.
2015 UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines. Always read and follow label directions. Sovran is a registered trademark of BASF. FMC is a trademark of FMC Corporation or an affiliate. ©2017 FMC Corporation. All rights reserved. 17-FMC-1120 10/17
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