TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES RESISTING THE UNCERTAINTY OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
Carlos Uma単a Gambassi MA Landscape Urbanism 2009-2010 Architectural Association School of Architecture
TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES RESISTING THE UNCERTAINTY OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
Carlos Uma単a Gambassi MA Landscape Urbanism 2009-2010 Architectural Association School of Architecture
AA Landscape Urbanism 2009-2010 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES Final Project Book Submitting:
Carlos Uma単a Gambassi
Course Director:
Eva Castro
Design Tutors:
Eva Castro Alfredo Ramirez Eduardo Rico
H&T Tutor:
Douglas Spencer
Machinic Landscape Tutor:
Tom Smith
Architectural Association School of Architecture London, UK - September - 2010
Contents AALU - Introduction
LU Machinic Landscape Prototypical Urbanities 03 Yangtze River Delta
004
More Tactics Less Resistance
011
Project Development
019
Site Analysis
037
Material Grounds of Resistance
049
Grounded Corridors
061
Grounding the Social Ecology
081
Grounding Spatiality
091
Appendix Bolzano Workshop
122
AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM
LU - Machinic Landscape Sprawl, post-industrialization, rapid urbanization and “natural disasters pose significant challenges to normative design practice, requiring an approach beyond the quick fix. Landscape Urbanism has emerged as a new discipline which responds to the demands of these conditions. Here, “landscape” is a model of connective, scalar, and temporal operations through which the urban is conceived and engages a complex ecology. Landscape Urbanism integrates techniques from environmental engineering, urban strategy and landscape ecology and employs the science of emergence, the tools of digital design and the thought of political ecology.
Source AA Projects Review 2010
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Prototypical Urbanities 03. - The Yangstze River Delta China’s economic boom, combined with migration from the countryside, produces new cities instantly and transforms the faces of older towns. This directional urbanization has brought the phenomenon of globalisation, it’s foreign capital and generic architecture to the smallest villages. Expanding on research established over two years, LU mantained its focus for the 2009-2010 agenda on China’s ambitions to build 400 new cities by the year 2020 - with 12 million people expected to move from rural to urban locations. Far from resisting this development, the design agendas engaged oportunistically with proto-strategies for new large-scale agglomerations as a means to critically adress mass produced urban sprawl.
Source AA Projects Review 2010
YANGTSE RIVER DELTA
TAI LAKE
SHANGHAI
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URBAN TRANSFORMATION ALONG THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA
The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most densely populated regions on earth. It has the the highest concentration of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the world, with more than 99600km2 and a population of approximately 80 million habitants, of which an estimated 60 million is considered to be urban. The hole area incorporates twenty developed municipalities in three provinces, with mayor economic centers like Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, NIngbo, Suzhou and Nangtong. It has become the center of Chinese economic development, contributing to 40% of the national economy and occupying more than 21% of China’s G.D.P.
Source Wikipedia.com
image www.burtinsky.com
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URBAN TRANSFORMATION ALONG THE YANGTZE RIVER DELTA
The responses of the planning authorities to this socio-spatial phenomena, have been a massive amount of top down strategic developments that take advantage of the quickness of the situation, seeking economic benefit for a few and following the rules of developers and real estate markets. This trend of market-oriented urbanism completely ignores material information and processes taking place on the territory and turns its back to subjects really sensible for urban life, like social justice, the use of alternative resources, economic performance, necessary infrastructure and an accurate visioning of an urban growth capacity
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W
H&T Lecture and Seminar Series Professor: Douglas Spencer Autumn Term Final Essay
MORE TACTICS by Carlos Umaña Gambassi
orldwide, agglomerations represent the most rapidly expanding field of urban research, and the most attractive opportunity for urban development.
LESS RESISTANCE
It has been widely announced that by the year 2050, more than 60% of the world population will live in cities (1). We have been warned about the unprecedented demographic growth that will sum to these urban migration processes, and of the almost apocalyptic consequences these mean to all of us who inhabit this planet, whether we live in cities or not. There have been many reactions to these statements. But for us architects, landscape architects and urban designers, the most impressive must be how planning authorities and local governments -specially in countries with emerging economies- come out with some kind of rapid-fire proposals of top down master plans that take advantage of the quickness of the situation, seeking economic benefit and, in most cases, following the rules of developers and real estate markets. Most of them turn their back to subjects really sensible for urban life, like social justice, the use of alternative resources, economic performance, necessary
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infrastructure and a correct visioning of an urban growth capacity. Because of that, it´s common to find ourselves in cities that are experiencing important transformations and high contrasts within their landscapes, where the target of urban development neither benefit the communities in which they are built, nor understand the natural and historical processes that gave birth to most cities in the first place. All of this situations, create possible scenarios where we as designers foresee an opening in our obligations and opportunities for the development of new
“tactically and territorially specific urbanism” (2). We have to come out with a new creative and critical approach to the conflict and tactically resist what is going on. This is where Landscape Urbanism, as a “new design discipline”, emerges to fill the need of redefining methodologies and reestablishing connections between nature and the built environment. This essay, not only aims to search for the meaning of tactical resistance as one of the major topics of the Landscape Urbanism agenda, it also -and probably
more importantly- looks forward to develop a wide understanding of the role that urbanism plays in the challenge of accommodating massive agglomerations and migratory processes in complex and ever changing urban settlements, it’s spatial consequences and physical manifestations. Important definitions. The essay will develop as follows. First, Following Michel de Certau, I will clarify the definitions of the words tactical, and resistance. It will be important for this purpose, to differ between a tactic and a strategy, focusing on the idea that strategy deals with the institutions, with the authorities that are responsible for the alien urban development and their physical implications. On the other hand, tactics refer to the everyday life, to the attitude of being “always in the watch for opportunities to be seized.” (3). I will focus on the phenomena of urban transformation along the Yang Tse River Delta (YTRD), specifically in Shanghai, where strategic urban planning pushed cities to become megacities, and fishing or farming villages to become cities, in a process of urban inflation that may be crucial for China’s economic reforms,
but has sacrificed enormously the quality of urban life, endangered the natural habitats, and jeopardized the evidence of one of the world’s most impressive cultural legacies. The urgency, and lack of consciousness within local authorities, have caused an unreserved control of the situation, where anything that involves time and thinking is left out, resulting in hundreds of meaningless but profitable developments, and in some cases the complete loss of urban identity. In Search of a Meaning Usually, the terms strategy, or tactic, are most likely related to battle purposes -or more recently business administration-, and probably it will be much easier to find a more physical explanation of their meaning in either military or economics bibliography than in any of urban design or architecture. Etymologically, the word strategy comes from the Greek “strategos”, which means general. But even though it has a Greek root, some people attribute the military origins of strategy to the work of the Chinese philosopher Sun Tzu’s, in The Art of War. The Romans, on the other hand, used the word “strategia” for geographic purposes, naming conquered territories under the orders
of a military commander (4). Rich Horwath explains it, “The word retained this narrow, geographic meaning until Count Guibert, a French military thinker, introduced the term “La Strategique” in 1799, in the sense that is understood today. Consequently, neither the military community before Count Guibert nor the business community before H. Igor Ansoff (Corporate Strategy, 1965), could see the strategic element in their domains clearly enough to give it a name.” (5) The word tactic, which has Greek origins too, means “order”. It was used, according to the Webster dictionary, to the “method of employment forces in combat.” We can say, that strategy is related to the big scale, a bigger picture of the situation, an attempt of planning the best way to defeat an enemy in the table, assuming circumstances and reactions most of the time unknown to a general -or planner. While tactics, refer specifically to the actions -to the low scale of “doing”- most of the time filling the gaps left by the uncertainty of the “stratega”, and solving situations creatively in battlefield. More into the world of social sciences, may be the most interesting position about the differences between
tactic and strategy, comes from the French scholar Michel de Certau. Even though he separates the terms from their military background (5), it is interesting to see how he relates strategy with the authoritarian institutions, and tactic to the struggle of the ordinary man in his “everyday life”. To Certau, strategy can be the powerful forces of influence that spread sometimes unwanted through a group of individuals. A force of “production” that rules upon the “users” -or consumers- that receive the information, “seeking to fulfill their needs behind the appearance of conformity.” (6). On the other hand, much of our daily way of being can be called tactical, anything involving “talking, reading, moving, shopping, cooking” etc. (7). To Certau, it is not about the information that we receive, but what we do with it while we talk, read, move, cook or watch television that matters. “I call a “strategy” the calculus of force-relationships which becomes possible when a subject of will and power (a proprietor, an enterprise, a city, a scientific institution) can be isolated from an “environment.” A strategy assumes a place that can be circumscribed as proper (propre) and thus serve as the basis for generating relations with an exterior distinct from it (competitors,
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adversaries, “clienteles,” “targets,” or “objects” of research). Political, economic, and scientific rationality has been constructed on this strategic model.”(8) Space and Time Two of the most important subjects to consider when approaching any design, especially in urban scales, are space and time. For the purpose of this essay, and because it is necessary to find a physical implication to the research, I find very interesting what Certau has to say about space and time for defining strategies and tactics. Because a strategy leads with the physical world, dealing with markets, mass production or consumer industry -to name just a few-, it needs presence either with the built environment around us -buildings- or with the consumer goods or products that surround our existence. Tactics, on the other hand, do not have specific locus, they deal with the uncertainty of time rather than the specificity of space, but have the capacity to systematically combine so they can adapt where any situation demands. “I call a “tactic,” on the other hand, a calculus which cannot count on a “proper” (a spatial or institutional localization), nor thus on a border-line
distinguishing the other as a visible totality. The place of a tactic belongs to the other. A tactic insinuates itself into the other’s place, fragmentarily, without taking it over in its entirety, without being able to keep it at a distance. It has at its disposal no base where it can capitalize on its advantages, prepare its expansions, and secure independence with respect to circumstances. The “proper” is a victory of space over time. On the contrary, because it does not have a place, a tactic depends on time —it is always on the watch for opportunities that must be seized “on the wing.” Whatever it wins, it does not keep. It must constantly manipulate events in order to turn them into opportunities.” (9). Who Leads the Resistance? If tactics are a way of resistance, we must avoid redundancy -tactical resistance?. To do so, the task of resistance, must come from designers. First of all, in countries like China, there is a huge lack of human rights and few opportunities for popular voices to be heard. According to Amnesty International, from access to internet to freedom of speech, the constant human rights violations and attacks to national and foreign press make it very difficult to report or argue about any kind of decisions or policies
undertaken by the government or institutions without fearing any kind of “retribution or imprisonment” (10). Second of all, the way the demographic population is growing, and migration processes to the cities keep increasing, urban agglomeration will become unsustainable. Landscape Urbanism, as a discipline, can take advantage of this unconscious way of resisting, taking benefit from it and from the massive real estate boom and government initiatives for development, translating into physical implications the unconscious rebellion against the institutions that bomb each day our daily life. Case Study: China. With 1.3 billion people, and as William Mc Donough calls it, “the world’s giant economic engine”, China is experiencing the largest mass urban migration in history, a never-seen-before movement that, most likely, will never happen again. Between 15 and 20 million people will be moving from the countryside to the cities each year, and new housing will be built for almost 400 million people in the next 12 years (11). China is all about “strategies”. After struggling with several kinds of failed attempts to uplift the Chinese
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economy after Mao’s Cultural Revolution in 1949, Deng Xiaoping, leader of the Communist Party in 1978, launched an unprecedented market-oriented economic reform that was intended to a much higher participation of the private sectors and market freedom that completely changed China. Before 1979, China had an annual growth of less than 6% a year. After the economic reforms, growth has increased exceptionally: 9 to 13% of continuous growth, almost quadruplicating per capita income in the last 15 years (11). According to the International Monetary Found (I.M.F.), before 1978, 80% of the Chinese worked in agriculture, and by 1994, that percentage was significantly decreased by 30%. Within 25 years, half of the population changed completely their life style; this was the starting point of a massive mobilization process of hundreds of millions of people moving from rural to urban areas and changing their principal economic activity from agriculture, to industry. The Pearl River Delta (PRD), was the first area to be developed under the new industrialization policies, it has been the role model for other Chinese regions -like the Yang Tse River Delta and has gained
international recognition -and in some times opposition. The industrialization processes and open-door policies in cities like Shenzhen, for example, turned small fishing villages to metropolis of millions of people in less than a decade. The construction boom led to a very lucrative industry of real estate market, that suddenly became “China’s most profitable industry” (12). This “profitable industry”, began in the late 1980’s, when the new constitution of the People’s Republic of China started permitting land usage rights to be transferred to others commercially in the form of a lease, so that new housing projects could be developed to absorb the rural migration to the cities (13). This inevitably, led to the “privatization and commercialization” of the housing market, where the new development was built “essentially for making profit by the real estate developers”, in which housing units exceeded the prices that a rural migrant can afford. (14) There is also another key factor for the understanding of these phenomena of urban mass production, and it is that usually new projects are being built in peripheral areas, and even though government policies are encouraging new developments, usually they are located in places that escape the standard urban regulations.
by Chinese authorities, together with unregulated and profit-oriented private development, could be the scenario of new Chinese cities in which the next generations will have to live, without many options. Shanghai and the Yang Tse River Delta
. As Song et al describe; “Therefore, the design and construction of buildings and the plans for the neighborhoods are not constrained by the urban-area application, inspection and approval procedures that are used to specify construction standards such as building height, floor area ratios, width of corridors, existence of stairways and exits, proportions of public space and distances between buildings for
Image www.burtynsky.com
the purpose of public safety.” (15) For the coming decade, this nonstop, dramatic increase in agglomerations and urban development must be taken into consideration very seriously. In 2001, the world was shocked by the former Chinese Minister of Civil Affairs, Doje Cering, when he announced the government’s ambition to build 400 new cities by the year 2020, at a rate of almost 20 new cities a year. The top down master plans proposed
Shanghai is a city that, just decades ago, belonged to a farming and fishing province, with intense trade activity favored by its great geographical position. It is located in the east coast, in the mouth of the YTRD, and after the open door policies of the late 70’s, the creation of port oriented infrastructure made Shanghai an internationally renowned commercial hub and economic epicenter, transforming it quickly in China’s largest city and experiencing an economic growth higher than major cities like Beijing, Guangzhou, and Tianjin (16) In 1949, Shanghai had a population of 5.2 million residents, which has increased up to 18 million by the end of 2008. Population density raised dramatically, as millions of people came to the city from the countryside looking for higher income offered by an increasing industrial development. Uncontrolled mixed land use in the city center and the
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
lack of urban regulation policies, caused the existing infrastructure to fall behind the development rate, and pollution levels kept rising causing an unreserved control of the situation. The mixed use of industry, residential area, institutional and commercial activities and health facilities -public or green open spaces accounted less than 1.5% of the land usecaused severe damages to the urban environments (17). To still support the development, and reverse the existing decaying conditions within the city, the central government made important decisions that involved the decentralization of Shanghai, allowing the city to expand and, in the long term, transform from a centralized city to a mega city, composed of a “polycentric” “decentralized” network of small cities, towns and villages (18). Urban Test Field Shanghai represents for urban designers the most fertile ground in which to put into practice many of the contemporary urban theories and discourses generated since in the late 20th century. Since Brasilia or Chandigarh, there have been very
few opportunities in which ideas can be truly tested, building entire cities almost from scratch. During 2001, a new regional urban plan was implemented. Known as the 1966 Plan, it was intended to restructure Shanghai into one central city (1, Shanghai), nine new cities (9, Chengqiao, Baoshan, Jiading, Quingpu, Sonjiang, Minhang, Nanqiao, Jinshan, and Lingang), sixty new towns (6) and the renewal of 600 central villages (6). The much criticized plan, had the intention of eliminating the existing borders between downtown and the peripheries, giving specific identity or *themes” to the new developments. The strong identity that has characterized Chinese cities was completely sacrificed, adopting western aesthetics that can be more attractive to new middle class buyers favored by economic expansion. Ten test cases were built. “To create a variety of townscapes, almost all projects are oriented on British, German, Scandinavian, Italian, North American, Spanish, Dutch or Chinese architectural styles.” (19) One of the most interesting cases is Lingang New City. This city, located 75 km south of downtown Shanghai, in the joint point of the Yang
Tse River and the Hangzhou Bay, has the advantage of being close to the two major ports in China, as well as being relatively close to the Pudong Airport. Originally intended for 800.000 residents, the completely new city will occupy a total of 300.000 square kilometers. Much bigger than Brasilia, Lingang is one of the most ambitious urban projects ever engaged. Much of the first phase is already built. It has a population of hundreds of thousands, but is still empty. Designed as a tabula rasa, not even its big lake, wide boulevards, giant squares, or impeccable infrastructure could even come close to emulate the sense of place and identity iconic cities can have. It’s the best place for private developers to take advantage out of the necessity, and a lamentable damage with conscious disregard to some of China’s most important wetlands and its ecosystems. Conclusions. Rem Koolhaas has insisted that there still exists a huge discrepancy between the professional practice and academic research regarding urban subjects. The city, once the “essence of civilizations” (20), has been replaced by new models of development with unrecognizable
limits
and
without
any
015
capa
Shanghai 1966 Regional Plan
city to understand landscape formations, ecological systems, natural phenomena and human relationships. Marshall Berman, describes his experience in Brasilia in a way that we can relate easily to this new wave of market-oriented urbanism. In his words, it was inevitable that after political conflicts, Brazilians felt that the new city was built in some how to “keep them quiet”, and he noticed a general indignation towards a city that, “as many Brazilians” told him, “had no place for them.”
“It was only in the 1960’s and 1970’s, after the generation that built “protoBrasilias everywhere... had a chance to live in them, that they discovered how much was missing from the world these modernists had made.” (21) Urbanization is not a continuos process (22). This construction boom and economic capacity to finance city construction will definitely have a limited life. (22) This is the best chance we have to do something relevant before this movement stops. We need to present a resistance that guarantees city inhabitants less struggle and better places, with agendas that include a profound reflection on the role “institutions” play in the operation of cities, whether they “limit or control” human environments, or “set them in motion to accelerate their mutations”. (23). This tactical resistance, requires not only to step up -or resist- against the massive production of urban transformation, but to develop a more complex understanding of the forces involved in the production of urban environments, and tactically place performance over form or composition, and territorial potential over time, or even scale. The projects -and professionals- facing these new challenges, must address agendas that evaluate not only economical or political, but social and environmental scenarios which necessarily need to
inform any project development. A tactical urbanism has to act based in the premise that profit rates should never step over a territory, giving opportunity to landscapes and habitants to “remake” themselves (25). We, as designers, must create platforms where multiple kinds of players can interact, tactically improving public spaces and creating sustainable landscapes to favor and narrow people´s relationships. This type of resistance must come as well from a deep understanding of the importance to visualize both present and future conditions of urban scenarios, to ensure the performance of urban territories and guarantee large agglomerations their universal right to the city. (24)
“The right to the city is also a human right.”
David Harvey
image Lingan New City Masterplan
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NOTES: 1. 2050, A Third More Mouths to Feed. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao. org/news/story/en/item/35571/icode/ 2. Architectural Association School of Architecture. AA prospectus 2010. (p. 142) 3. De Certau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984. (p 35) 4. Howarth, Rich. The Origins of Strategy. (p 1) 5. Howarth, Rich. The Origins of Strategy. (p 3) 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_ Practice_of_Everyday_Life 7. http://www.ucpress.edu/books/ pages/1794001/1794001.intro.php 8. De Certau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984. (pp 36,37) 9. De Certau, Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1984. (p 39) 10.http://asiapacific.ifj.org/en/ pages/open-and-free-towards-ademocratic-media-culture-in-china 11.Zuliu Hu, and Moshin S. Khan.
Why is China Growing so Fast? International Monetary Fund. 1997. (p 1) 12.Liauw Laurance. Leaping Forward, Getting Rich Gloriously, and letting a Hundred Cities Bloom. New Urban China, AD Magazine. 2008. (pp 6-15) 13.Shiwen, Sun. The Institutional and Political Background to Chinese Urbanisation. New Urban China. AD Magazine. 2008. (pp22-25) 14.Song, Yang et al. Let’s Not Throw the Baby out with the Bath Water: The Role of Urban Villages in Housing Rural Migrants in China. Urban Studies Journal, 2008. (pp 313, 330) 15.Song, Yang et al. Let’s Not Throw the Baby out with the Bath Water: The Role of Urban Villages in Housing Rural Migrants in China. Urban Studies Journal, 2008. (p 317) 16.See graph of economic growth (p.3). Haixiao, Pan. Shanghai from Dense Mono-center to Organic PolyCenter Urban Expansion. 17.Haixiao, Pan. Shanghai from Dense Mono-center to Organic PolyCenter Urban Expansion. (p. 5) 18.Dung, Nan Nan and Ruff, Stefanie. Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai. 19.Dung, Nan Nan and Ruff, Stefanie.
Managing Urban Growth in Shanghai. 20.www,bbc.co.uk. BBC Radio 3. Sounding the Century LEctures. Rem Koolhaas. 21.Berman, Marshal. Preface and Introduction in All That is Solid Melts Into Air. New York, Penguin. 1988/82 (pp 5-36) 22.De Landa, Manuel. One Thousand Years of Non Linear HIstory. Swerve Editions, New York, 2000. (p 29) 23.De Landa, Manuel. One Thousand Years of Non Linear HIstory. Swerve Editions, New York, 2000. (p 29) 24. Harvey, David. The Right to The City.
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3. Harvey, David. The Right to the City. 4. Berman, Marshal. Preface and Introduction in All That is Solid Melts Into Air. New York, Penguin. 1988/82 5. Sounding The Century Lectures. www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/progarchive. shtml 6. Song, Yang et al. Let’s Not Throw the Baby out with the Bath Water: The Role of Urban Villages in Housing Rural Migrants in China. Urban Studies Journal, 2008 7. Meligrana, John, et al. Planning a Mega-City’s Futue. An evaluation of Shanghai’s Municipal Land Use Plan.
24. Harvey, David. The Right to The City.
8. Wong, Cecilia, et al. In Search of a Regional Planning in China. The Case of Juangsu and the Yang Tse Delta.
Bibliography.
9. Harvey, David. Spaces of Global Capitalism. Verso, 2006.
1. De Landa, Manuel. One Thousand Years of Non Linear HIstory. Swerve Editions, New York, 2000. 2. AD Magazine. New Urban China. September/October 2008.
10.
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019
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
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PROJECT STATEMENT
“TACTICALLY AND TERRITORIALLY SPECIFIC URBANISM”
The project will take action in the low scale of “doing”, rethinking the voids and spaces left behind in the city -environmentally, economically, and socially- by the uncertainty of strategic approaches, combining them systematically in order for them to adapt where any situation demands. It will tactically resist the top down actions and market-oriented urban planning by redefining methodologies and reestablishing connections between nature and the built environment, questioning the boundary between public and private space, productive and urban landscapes.
Shanghai Economic Ring - The Golden Triangle
Industrialization process in the Shanghai Economic Ring. New infrastructure that has been built during the last decade is connecting regions that previously were completely isolated from the massive industrialization processes and urban development around Shanghai. Rugao, an agricultural-based county located in the north coast of the Yang Tse, is one of the many places that has benefited enormously by this new infrastructure. New regional expressways and local highways, as well as the construction of three new bridges across the Yang Tse, shortened the driving distance from Rugao to Shanghai from 5 hours to only 90 minutes, opening the doors of many industries that are planning to move out of Shanghai because of its new planning regulations
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SHANGHAI ECONOMIC RING
RUCHENG RUCHE TOWN
RUGAO
POPULATION: 1 452 800 HAB AREA : 1 477 KM2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ZONE
PORT PORTCITY C
NANGTONG POPULATION: 7 737 900 HAB CAPITAL OF THE JIANGSU PROVINCE
YANG TSE RIVER CHONGMIN ISLAND
SUZHOU POPULATION: 6 073 000 HAB
NEW BRIDGES POPULATION DENSITY 1.5H DRIVING DISTANCE FROM SHANGHAI HIGHWAY URBAN SETTLEMENT
SHANGHAI POPULATION: 19 210 000 HAB
RUGAO
Located on the northern side of the T-like connection of the Huanghai Sea and the Yangtze River, Rugao has 20 towns and one Jiangsu provincial level economic development zone. It has a total population of 1.45 million habitants and a total area of 1 477 km2. It also has 48km river bank line including 20.2km of deep-water line. It is part of the first batch of coastal cities of China opening up to the outside world and one of the key cities of Jiangsu province in Riverside development. Rugao enjoys distinctive advantages in transportation and geographical location. It holds a grand transportation pattern with convenient linkage between waterways, roads and railways as well as important water systems that serve as connections between the Yang Tze river, the Huanghai sea and inner creeks. The trip from Rugao to Shanghai is only 90 minutes by car and the connection from every town or Economic Development Zone to the nearest expressway exit is less than 10 minutes. The construction of a 100 million ton class port -Rugao Port, located in the lower reach of the Yang Tze river, is expected to become a mayor transportation hub between the Yang Tze River and the ocean, but also an important link to the northern areas of the Jiangsu province as well.
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EXPRESSWAY INTERSECTION REGIONAL EXPRESSWAY CANAL INTERSECTION SECONDARY CANALS MAIN CANALS POLITICAL DIVISION RUGAO URBAN SETTLEMENTS
RUGAO
HUANGQIAOZHEN
TONGZHOU
RUGAO PORT CITY JINGIIANG NANGTONG
ZHANGJIAGANG
Rugao Industrial Division 2020
Two Zones - Two Cores The industrial layout for Rugao 2020 seeks to develop leading role areas such as Rugao Port area, Rugao Economic Development Zone and the new supporting areas like the township industrial zones that have been formed. The creation of a north-south axis will be linking what will be known as the Two Cores, mainly involved in ship-building and its supporting industries, petro-chemical and refined chemical engineering, logistics and ecological tourism in the south, and automobile and its fittings-making industries, machinery, electrics and electrical appliances, textile and garment, new materials, sci-tech&culture, software and photovoltaic new materials in te north. The “two zones� will be the Eastern Economic Development Zone and the Western Economic Development Zone. These will be more focused on the development of textile and garment, machine-making, e-information and commercial trade and logistics in the east, and special agricultures, food processing, machine-making, power and electrical equipments and silk-making in tne west.
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NORTH
027
SOUTH SHIPBUILDING LOGISTICS PETROCHEMICAL ECO-TOURISM
XUEAN
CHAIWAN
DONGCHEN
NORTH
YUANQIAO
AUTOMOTIVE MACHINERY ELECTRONICS TEXTILES IT PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY.
RUCHENG TOWN
DINGYAN
BANJING TAOYUAN
EAST TEXTILES MACHINERY IT LOGISTICS
MOTOU
XIAYUAN
GAOMING
WESTERN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ZONE
WEST
WEST
WUYAO
GUOYUAN JIANG’AN SHIZHUANG
JIUHUA
PORT TOWN
CORE NORTH
RUCHENG TOWN
WEST
EAST
ZONE
ZONE PORT TOWN
SOUTH
CORE
BAIPU
EAST
CHANGQING
TEXTILE GARNMENT MACHINE MAKING POWER AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS SILK MAKING
AGRICULTURE FOOD INDUSTRY MACHINERY ELECTRONICS SILK
EASTERN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ZONE
LINZI
SOUTH NORTH-SOTH CONNECTION RUCHENG TOWN - PORT ROWN
TEXTILE GARNMENT MACHINE MAKING E-INFORMATION COMMERCIAL TRADE SPECIAL AGRICULTURES FOOD PROCESSING MACHINE-MAKING
Rucheng Town - Rugao City
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Rucheng Town - Rugao City
Railway
Historical Center Main Water Canal
204 Regional Expressway
029
Rugao City Growth
Until 2003, the urban fabric had a radial growth process, limited only to the east by the railway line. By that time, the city covered an area of 16.68km2, and was constituted by an agricultural-based society. In 2008, the construction of the 204 regional expressway became a strong limit for the city to the west, enclosing the urban fabric between those two transportation infrastructures. By that time, the city had grown to 34.5km2, shifting to a preindustrial phase of development with an annual growth of approximately 20% in its GDP during the following years.
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031
2008
INDUSTRY
AREA 34.53KM INDUSTRIAL PHASING GDP INCREMENT OF 20%
MAIN CANAL RAILWAY LINE 204 REGIONAL EXPRESS WAY
HISTORICAL CENTER
TRAIN STATION MAIN CANAL
RUGAO CITY
RAILWAY LINE
2003 AREA 16.68 KM2 AGRICULTURAL BASED PRE INDUSTRIAL PHASE
HIGHWAY 204
NURSERY AREA
Rigao City Masterplan for 2020
The local planning authorities started the implementation of the masterplan with the construction of a ring of mega industrial parks outside the city. The main objective is to move all the industrial areas inside the city to the new industrial parks and to expropriate more than 300ha to relocate 2600 families of farmers located in the south of the city that dedicate to nurseries and ornamental planting. Another main target of the master plan is to duplicate its actual population of 250 000 inhabitants by 2020, increasing the urban fabric up to 58km2, consolidating the industrialization of the city with a ring of mega industrial parks and a very old-fashioned system of monofunctional blocks. This mega-industrial clusters of specific categories will encapsule more the urban fabric and will limit its growth in the future, fragmenting and compromising the distribution of land use based on the accessibility to industrial sites.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
033
ECO-PARK NEW INDUSTRY RESIDENTIAL ZONE
EAST ZONE
MAIN CANAL
NORTH ZONE
RAILWAY LINE
ELECTRONICS TEXTILES MANUFACTURING LOGISTICS
204 REGIONAL EXPRESS WAY
WAREHOUSE LOGISTICS CHEMISTRY MANUFACTURING
WEST ZONE AUTOMOTIVE SOLAR IND.
MAIN CANAL
RUGAO CITY SOUTH EAST ZONE MARKETS LOGISTICS
SOUTH WEST ZONE
RAILWAY LINE
HIGH-TECH LOGISTICS
HIGHWAY 204
SOUTH ZONE AGRICULTURE ECOTOURISM ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Disruptive Social Effect
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
LOSS OF LAND FORCED TO CHANGE JOB LIMITED COMPENSATION FEE
FARMER
WORKER
The master plan proposes a dramatic transition towards an industrial society. This transition may be crucial for the city’s economic growth, but it’s also the generator of an important disruptive social effect experienced by farmers. They are not only forced to change their principal economic activity, but experience the loss of land, and receive a very limited compensation fee in return.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
POTTED LANDSCAPE
NURSERIES AND BONSAI PLANTING CULTIVATION AREA = 33KM2
035
FLOWER GARDEN OF CHINA
THE CITY HAS CAPACITY TO PRODUCE 200 MILLION TREE SAPLINGS, POTS OF BONSAI AND 4 MILLION POTS OF FLOWERS EACH YEAR ANNUAL SALES EXCEED RMB1
3 MILLION
BILLION ($150 MILLION)
THE ECONOMIC E XPANSION AND I NDUSTRIALIZATION OVER YEARS H AVE ADDED NUMEROUS NEW SECTORS TO THE CITY’S ECONOMY. THE MOST DRAMATIC SECTOR IS ITS BONSAI PRODUCTION. THE CITY IS NOW THE LARGEST BONSAI EXPORTER IN THE EASTERN CHINA AND EACH YEAR THOUSANDS OF BONSAIS ARE EXPORTED TO CHINA'S OTHER PROVINCES AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETS.
AGRICULTURAL EXPLOITATION
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
037
SITE ANALYSIS
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
Important road infrastructure and unplanned development caused many industries to establish very close to the city center, most of them within a 500m radius of main road intersections.
039
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
500M RADIUS ROAD INTERSECTION SECONDARY ROAD MAIN ROAD
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES FOOD ELECTRONICS VEHICLES CONSTRUCTION TEXTILES PLASTICS METALS RUBBER CHEMICALS OTHER
0
500
1000
2000
Proximity Relationship Of Industrial Sites
Current unplanned industrial development has fragmented the fabric into separate cells of production and patches of working neighbourhoods. Each industrial building has in a walking distance radius a series of residential areas and services that become islands of labour. The area of influence of industrial cells grow as they get far from the city center, dissolving the mixed land use and allowing the footprint of industrial buildings to grow.
041
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AREA OF INFLUENCE OF EACH INDUSTRY
0
500
1000
2000
Regeneration of Toxic Urban Land
The regeneration strategy of the toxic urban land will consist in colonizing the former industrial sites, using them as potential voids. Taking those former industrial areas (voids) as a intervention sites, will open the opportunity for regenerating the toxic urban land with a network of new development and public spaces linking what was previously a fragmented fabric. This new system of organization of spaces will aim to unify the city spatially and socially, dissolving the existing boundary between public-private, and urban-agricultural landscapes, by connecting the new spatial network with the surrounding agricultural fields.
043
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
PROXIMITY WITH THE NEAREST RESIDENTIAL AREA > 500M 500M < 500M INDUSTRY PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL AREA IN MASTERPLAN GREEN SPACES
0
500
1000
2000
Pollution Datascape
In order to develop a new structure for the site, and to determine the starting point for the future intervention, a pollution datascape was built by measuring the proximity relationship of industrial buildings. This datascape gave as a result a differentiated condition of polluted clusters within the urban fabric that marked hierarchically which areas needed to be intervened first.
045
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES POLLUTION LEVELS +
INDUSTRIAL SITE
POLLUTED AREAS
POLLUTION ISOCURVES
0
500
1000
2000
Project Strategy
POLLUTION SOURCES
CONNECTIONS
CONNECTIONS
BRANCHING
GROWTH PHASE 1
GROWTH PHASE 2
BRANCHING FROM THE POLLUTION SOURCES
CONNECTING BETWEEN BRANCHES
GROWTH PHASE 3 CONNECTING (ADAPTING) WITH THE URBAN FABRIC
Based on the pollution datascape, a new structure is built in order to organize the site. It performs as a random branching system that grows in three phases. The first phase consists in branching out from the pollution sources towards the isocurves. The second phase of growth consists in connecting between the primary branches of the structure. The third phase consists in connecting the main and secondary structure with existing road and canal intersections, adapting to the urban fabric and connecting empty spaces left by industry.
047
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
POLLUTION SOURCE CANAL INTERSECTION ROAD INTERSECTION MAIN BRANCH SECONDARY BRANCH TERCIARY BRANCH MAIN ROAD MAIN CANAL
0
500
1000
2000
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
049
MATERIAL GROUNDS OF RESISTANCE
EARTH REMEDIATION + WATER SYSTEMS
Soil Remediation General Overview Soil Contamination
The production, distribution, use, misuse, disposal, or accidental spills of many chemicals have polluted some environments to levels that threaten the health of whole ecosystems.
The soil is a key component of natural ecosystems because environmental sustainability depends largely on a sustainable soil ecosystem. Unlike other environmental compartments (i.e.. Atmosphere, water) pollutants have long residence times in soil. Therefore, soil acts as a sink or a filter in which pollutants are accumulated rapidly but depleted slowly. The decontamination of polluted soils is going to become a social problem because of its importance for environmental protection and human health and for its economical relevance, which has been underestimated for many decades
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
051
Soil Remediation General Overview Soil Remediation
HEAVY METALS
SOIL WASHING
METALS RECYCLINGM
METAL ETAL RESOURCES
EX-SITU TREATMENT THERMAL TREATMENT OIL, VOC’S
CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION
TREATED SOIL
BIO-REMEDIATION CONTAMINATED SITE ASSESSMENT REMEDIATION BY IRON POWDER METHOD
VOC’S
DIM (DIRECT IRON MIXING) METHOD PERMEABLE REACTING BARRIER TECHNOLOGY
IN-SITU TREATMENT OIL
COMPLETION OF REMEDIATOIN
BIO-REMEDIATION
Soil remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmentally damaged soil. There are many types of remediation technologies and methods, but basically they can be categorised into ex-situ and in-situ. Ex-situ methods involve excavation of effected soils and subsequent treatment at the surface, in-situ methods seek to treat the contamination without removing the soils. The more traditional remediation approach (used almost exclusively on contaminated sites from the 1970s to the 1990s) consists primarily of soil excavation and disposal to landfill. In situ technologies include solidification and stabilization and have been used extensively use, but require in most of the times the use of chemicals. New technologies have recently applied the use of natural processes and systems that promote and accelerate destruction, transformation, removal, or stabilization of pollutants without any harm to ecosystems.
Soil Remediation Techniques
Diagram of Traditional Processes and Methods for Soil Remediation
053
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
RESIDUAL DISPOSITION METHODS PURIFICATION, WATER, SOLVENT SEPARATION PROCESSING
SHAPE OF PARTICLE
SCREENING CHEMICAL SOLVENTS MIXTURE
CHARACTERIZE THE TYPE OF SOIL, SURROUNDINGS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LOCATIONS
REMEDIATION STUDY
COAGULANT
WATER SEPARATION, SOLUBILITY IN WATER
THERMAL MELT-OUT
SOIL SEPARATION PROCESS STUDY STOCKPILE AND STORAGE STUDY DESTRUCTION OR NEUTRALIZATION
RECOVERY
BACKHOE, END LOADER, WATER WASH-OUT
GROUND REMOVAL METHODS
SOIL SEPARATION METHODS
GROUND REMOVAL METHODS IN SITU DECOMPOSITION DETONATION METHODS
RECOVER PEP COMPONENTS
POLLUTION REMOVAL METHODS
BIOREMEDIATION METHODS FOR SEPARATION FROM SOIL
SOIL SEPARATION METHODS
LAND FARMING
SPREADDING POLLUTANTS OVER A F IELD T O ENCOURAGE BREAKDOWN OR S TABILIZATION.
BIOSTIMULATION
BACTERIA - FUNGI F OR BREAKING DOWN POLLUTANTS
BIOAUGMENTATION
MICROBES POLLUT
ENZYME
PREPARATIONS T O ANT
STABILIZE S
COMPOSTING
TRANSFORMING W ASTE OF O IL I NDUSTRY I NTO HARMLESS P RODUCT S
PHYTOREMEDIATION
USING PLANTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP OPERATIONS
PURIFICATION
DISPOSITION METHODS
DESTRUCTION OR NEUTRALIZATION METHODS
RESIDUE DISPOSAL METHODS
CHEMICAL PROCESSING
PHYSICAL
SOLVENT
DILUENT
LEACH
COAGULANT
THERMAL MELT OUT
SCREENING WET SEPARATION WATER JET
WATER SYSTEMS
SOIL REMEDIATION
TRADE OF STUDIES
SELECT BEST METHOD AND CONTINGENCY PLAN MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY PLAN
METHOD FOR DESTRUCTION, DECOMPOSITION INCINERATION, REACTION
RESIDUALS DISPOSITION, LANDFILL, ETC
PHYTO EXTRACTION
PHYTO STABILIZATION
PHYTO IMMOBILIZATION
Soil Remediation Phasing
PHASE 1. Categorize and locate sites with soil pollution and hazardous materials. Characterize type of industry, type of soil, surroundings and hazardous material locations.
RESIDENTIAL
HEAVY INDUSTRY
LIGHT INDUSTRY
RESIDENTIAL
CUT AND FILL
PHASE 2.
HEAVY INDUSTRY
HEAVY INDUSTRY
LIGHT INDUSTRY
RESIDENTIAL
CUT AND FILL
LIGHT INDUSTRY
HEAVY INDUSTRY
LIGHT INDUSTRY
Soil excavation and separation cut and fill technique for ground removal. Hauling the excavated soil into a regular landfill. An aering process in both areas (excavated areas and landfills) is important for treating volatile organic compounds (vocâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s) prior to any remediation process.
RESIDENTIAL
EXCAVATION
AERING PROCESS
LANDFILL
RESIDENTIAL
EXCAVATION
AERING PROCESS
LANDFILL
RESIDENTIAL
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
Soil Remediation Phasing
SURFACE CAPPING O F THE LANDFILLS W ITH GREENERY AND T ERRESTRIAL P LANTS FOR TREATING POLLUTED SOILS. .
EXCAVATED AREAS CAN BE USED FOR PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES ( ORNAMENTAL PLANTING, NURSERIES, OR URBAN AGRICULTURE).
PHASE 3. Application of remediation techniques Bio remediation. Biological technologies for remediation that take advantage of the pathways developed by microorganisms in some plants to protect themselves from metals and other types of pollutants. Pollutant tolerant plants help stabilize contaminated soil and prevent erosion, as well as reducing evapotranspiration rates.
RESIDENTIAL
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE PARKS
BIOREMEDIATIONB
RESIDENTIAL
PARKS
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
RESIDENTIAL
IOREMEDIATION
TREATED SOIL AND ARTIFICIAL TOPOGRAPHIES CAN BE USED T O CREATE DIFFERENCIATED URBAN LANDSCAPES, PUBLIC SPACES AND BUILDINGS
PHASE 4. Landscape Urbanism Mixed used model of urban development and productive landscapes. Artificial topographies generate nonlinear urban scenarios where productive landscapes, parks and residential areas combine.
PRODUCTIVE E PARKS - LEISURE AIR THEATERS LANDSCAPE OPEN AI RESIDENTIAL COMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL CULTURAL
PARKS - SPORTS
RESIDENTIAL COMERCIAL
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE RESIDENTIAL COMERCIAL
055
Water Systems Ecology
The presence of water has always been an important part of Chinese culture, eventhough statistics show that over half of the population lacks access to clean water. It is important to rethink the use of water systems, specially in a country where only 10% of the land is cultivatable, and more than 400 cities are currently short of water, including Beijing. Studies show that the excesive extraction of ground water has caused cities like Shanghai, Tianjin and Xiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;an to sink. Source: The Greening of China
057
IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY
WATER CONTROL TO FARMERS ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER
MATERIAL STRATEGY
RECONECTION OF WATER SYSTEMS
WATER HARVESTING RESERVOIRS
CLEANING OF IRRIGATION CANALS Control a continuous water flow
MAIN CANALS
SECONDARY CANALS
Eliminate eutrophication processes Sediment removal
COST EFFECTIVE WASTE WATER TREATMENT SELF SUSTAINING NATURAL SYSTEMS
ECOLOGICAL REGENERATION
TERTIARY CANALS
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS HEAVY OILS AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE SEWAGE SURFACE RUNOFF
COMMERCIAL TOURISM
ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT REGENERATION OF ECOSYSTEMS INCREASE AESTHETIC VALUE INCREASE LAND VALUE
LAND USE VARIATIONS DIFFERENT PROGRAMMATIC ADJACENCIES ACCORDING TO THE SIZE OF CANALS
SPATIAL STRATEGY
POTENTIAL LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS TO GENERATE NEW SPATIAL PATTERNS
RESIDENTIAL
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
HYBRIDIZATION OF URBAN FABRIC AND NATURAL SYSTEMS
Constructed Wetlands
DIKE IRRIGATION CANAL
ARABLE LAND
ARABLE LAND
MAIN WATER SOURCE MAIN MAIN CANAL SECONDARY CANAL TERCIARY CANAL FIELD CANAL
SECTION 1. AGRICULTURAL SECTION TYPICAL DIKE-DITCH SYSTEM
TOWPATH IRRIGATION CANAL
ARABLE LAND
WETLAND / POND
SECTION 2. AGRO-TOURISM TOPOGRAPHIC MODFICATIONS. WETLANDS - WATER HARVESTING
BICYCLE LANE
AGRICULTURAL PLOT
TOWPATH AGRICULTURE
WETLAND
IRRIGATION CANAL
OFFICES
STORAGE
100M
SECTION 3. AGRO - INDUSTRIAL
450M
SCHEMATIC LAYOUT OF IRRIGATION CANALS
Variations of the traditional water systems used for irrigation can generate a hybridization of the agricultural land with the urban fabric, maximizing the presence of water in the city. The traditional ditch-dyke system of irrigation canals mark very strong boundaries within the landscape, and by producing sectional modifications to the system, a more diverse use of water resources can be generated -like constructed wetlands and water harvesting ponds- resulting in better spatial adjacencies to create leisure areas and rising land values through the city.
POND
RESIDENTIAL OFFICES
COMERCIAL
TOWPATH
CANAL
SECTION 4. AGRO-RESIDENTIAL URBAN AGRICULTUREMIXED USE HOUSING-COMMERCIAL
RAINWATER COLLECTION
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
WATER PLANTS
EARTH BERM
WATER CLEANING SYSTEM OF SURFACE FLOW CONSTRUTED WETLANDS
OUTLET
WATER LINE
PHASING OF CLEANING BEFORE RELEASING EFLUENTS TO LARGE WATER BODIES
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
RETENTION OF LARGER PARTICLES
WATER RETENTIONW
SHALLOW WATER PLANTS FILTER SEDIMENTS
REED BEDS
PHASE 3
PHASE 4
ATER RETENTION
SEDIMENTATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PARTICLES
EFLUENTS RELEASED INTO LARGE WATER BODIES
FLOATING WATER PLANTS FILTER POLLUTANTS WATER INFILTRATES SOIL RETENTION PONDS
TOPOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATION
EARTHWORKS T O FACILITATE SPATIAL CONDITIONS F OR DIFERENT PROGRAMS AND EVENTS. INCREASE WATER CONTACT
WATER CANAL RETENTION POND TRANSPORT TOURISM
OBSERVATION PLATFORM BIRD WATCHING
POND WETLAND
SEATING AREA
GREEN AREA OBSERVATION PLATFORMS
POND CANALS
RUNNING BICYCLE LANES HARDSURFACE
WOODS
PARK AREA SPORTS PLAYGROUNDS GRASSLANDS
059
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
061
GROUNDED CORRIDORS GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 1.Global climate regulation Maintaining balance of atmospheric gases at historic levels, creating breathable air, and sequestering greenhouse gases 2. Local climate regulation Regulating local temperature, precipitation, and humidity through shading, evapotranspiration, and windbreaks 3. Air and water cleansing Removing and reducing pollutants in air and water 4. Water supply and regulation Storing and providing water within watersheds and aquifers 5. Erosion and sediment control Retaining soil within an ecosystem, preventing damage from erosion and siltation 6. Hazard mitigation Reducing vulnerability to damage from flooding, storm surge, wildfire, and drought
Source: ASLA
“Infrastructure — the substructure or underlying foundation…on which the continuance and growth of a community or state depends” — WEBSTER’S NEW WORLD DICTIONARY GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE = ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROPOSES A NEW POSITION OF THE ROLE OF NATURE IN THE CITY, FROM AN OPTIONAL FACILITY TO A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENT ECOSYSTEM SERVICE THAT ENSURES A MORE COMPACT AND VIBRANT COMMUNITY. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
LOCAL SCALE
URBAN GREENING PUBLIC REALM POCKET PARKS LOCAL NATURE RESERVES COMMUNITY GARDENS
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
063
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE SHOULD BE CONCEIVED AS A WHOLE DESIGNED TO LINK DIVERSE GREEN SPACES RATHER THAN AS UNRELATED PARTS.
HOLISTIC DESIGN SHOULD BE PLANNED IN ORDER TO CONSIDER ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS AND ITS BENEFITS.
BROADLY PLANNED COUNTRY PARKS URBAN RIVER VALLEYS GREEN WEDGES WILDLIFE CORRIDORS
SHOULD BE LAID OUT TACTICALLY TO CROSS ADMINISTRATIVE BORDERS, AS ROAD SYSTEMS DO, AND WHICH MEANS TAKING IN CONSIDERATION IT INTERVENTION SCALE.
STRATEGIC LAY OUT
PLANNING SCALES
URBAN GREEN SPACE STRATEGY COUNTRYSIDE IN AND AROUND TOWNS REGIONAL PARKS LOCAL DEVELOPMENT FRAME WORKS
COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS AND PRIVATE LANDOWNERS SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN PLANNED AND IMPLEMENTED.
PUBLIC IMPLEMENTATION AND PLANNING BUILD ON DIVERSE PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND DISCIPLINES AS URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING, ECONOMICS ETC.
CITY-REGION ACTION PLANS SUB-REGIONAL GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE PLANS COMMUNITY FOREST PLANS CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLANS
REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY INTEGRATED REGIONAL STRATEGY THE NORTHERN WAY
STRATEGIC SCALE
INTEGRAL PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES
GREEN I NFRASTRUCTURE I S THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT WITHIN AND BETWEEN OUR C ITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES. I T IS THE NETWORK OF OPEN S PACES, W ATERWAYS, GARDENS, WOODLANDS, GREEN CORRIDORS, STREET TREES AND OPEN COUNTRYSIDE T HAT BRINGS MANY SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS T O LOCAL PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES Source: Green Infrastructure for the Liverpool and Manchester City-regions
Green Infrastructure
Configuring The Bands In order to give physicality to the new structure that will organize the site, bands are created by linking and establishing hierarchies to the nodes of the branching system. This consequently generates the main axis of the green infrastructure, which will become the determinant factor for the future functioning and development of the city. The objective is to create the transformation of the physical environment, by linking the inner city with the agricultural land, eradicating the strong boundary between the productive landscape and the urban fabric.
065
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE NURSERY PATCHES NODE SECONDARY CONECTIONS BETWEEN BANDS GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAIN AXIS
NODE 4
ROAD
NODE 1 NODE 5
NODE 3
NODE 2
NODE 6
NODE 7 NODE 8. ZOOM-IN
INITIAL BRANCHING AXIS
NODE 8
NODE 9
200M RADIUS
100M RADIUS
NODE 10
150M RADIUS
50M RADIUS
0
500
1000
2000
Band Configuration
Nodes - Differentiated Conditions The main nodes of the new green infrastructure will become areas with differentiated conditions and spatial configurations based on their location and proximity to different infrastructures. All of these nodes will have a mixed land use with different emphasis. For example the node located near the railway station will have a more transport oriented organization, the nodes located closer to main road infrastructure will be more industrial oriented, with logistic facilities and distribution centers, and the nodes located closer to the agricultural areas will be more productive oriented with educational buildings, research and training centers for farmers.
067
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
NODE 1_INDUSTRIAL ORIENTED
NODE 4_AGRICULTURAL ORIENTED
NODE 3_RESIDENTIAL ORIENTED
NODE 2_INDUSTRIAL ORIENTED
NODE 6_COMMERCIAL ORIENTED
NODE 7_CULTURAL ORIENTED
NODE 5_TRANSPORT ORIENTED / RAILWAY STATION
NODE 9_DISTRIBUTION ORIENTED
NODE 8_AGRO-TOURISM
NODE 10_AGRO TOURISM
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS SERVICES DISTRIBUTION LOGISTICS EDUCATIONAL CULTURAL TOURISM NODE PROPOSED ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE WATER SYSTEM
0
500
1000
2000
Programmatic Relationship
Linking Ecologies Of The Different Nodes
The nodes will be physically linked by the Green Infrastructure, but indirectly linked by the different programmatic relationship that will be generated between them.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES
RAILWAY STATION
DISTRIBUTION CENTERS
CREATIVE INDUSTRY
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS LOGISTICS
NODE 5
NODE 1
RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM LINKS GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
SPORTS AND LEISURE SPACES
LARGE TRAINING FACILITIES
URBAN GARDENS
DISTRIBUTION CENTERS
NODE 3
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
NODE 2
LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
NODE 7
DEMONSTRATION FARMS
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
NODE 6
NODE 9
CONFERENCE AND CORPORATE CENTERS
NODE 8
NODE 4
ECOTOURISM
NODE 10
CULTURAL SPACES
TRANSPORT FACILITIES
LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
LOGISTICS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
069
Geometrical Structure
150M RADIUS SECONDARY NODE
50M
50M RADIUS QUATERNARY NODE
200M RADIUS
100M RADIUS
MAIN NODE
TERCIARY NODE
To start materializing the design and to configure spatially the new bands, a rhomboidal mesh is generated as a control tool to organize the intervention with a geometrical order. The mesh is generated by assigning a walking distance radius to each of the nodes, and maximum walking distances between them. The walking distance radius of each node responds to its hierarchy, starting with 400m in the main node, and decreasing in size to 300m in the secondary node, 200m in the tertiary node, and 100m in the quaternary node.
071
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
NODE ZOOM IN
INITIAL BRANCHING STRUCTURE 200M RADIUS
100M RADIUS
150M RADIUS
MESH ADAPTATION
50M RADIUS
0
500
1000
2000
1 : 1.5
Water System
60
T
f f
REGULATING STRUCTURES
MAIN WATER SOURCE
1
DISTRIBUTARY
1
1
10
WIDTH OF SURFACE
D DEPTH OF CANAL d DEPTH OF FLOW
2
16
D
T TOP OF THE CANAL t
2
d
5 5
b
8 4
WATER SOURCE 50 - 60 WIDE
t
2.5 2.5
c WET SLOPE f
5
FREE BOARD
2 1
2
8
a SLOPE ANGLE
4
2
8
30
MAIN CANAL 20 - 30 WIDE
BRANCH CANAL
1
16
SECONDARY CANAL 15 WIDE 1.25 1.25
4 2.5
1
WATERFLOW DIRECTIONALITY
4
15
TERCIARY CANAL 7.5 WIDE
7.5 0.75 0.75
2
2 1.25
The new network of waterways is built following the main axis of the green infrastructure. The watersystem can also be used as a transport infrastructure to carry goods and for touristic purposes. It links the different nodes, integrates communities, programs and functions as a cleaning strategy of the polluted waterbodies by connecting with the existing irrigation canals.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
073
CANAL INTERSECTION PROPOSED WATER SYSTEM EXISTING MAIN CANAL EXISTING SECONDARY CANAL
NODE ZOOM IN
PROPOSED WATER SYSTEM
0
500
1000
2000
New Spatial Configuration
The new spatial configuration will start by taking the voids of the former industrial sites. It will incorporate those voids into the green infrastructure bands generating productive landscapes and artificial topographies through a process of soil remediation. The first phase of the remediation starts by selecting the polluting industries and the location of possible hazardous materials
075
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
NODE 4 NODE 1 NODE 3
NODE 5
NODE 2
NODE 6
NODE 7 NODE 8. ZOOM IN
NODE 8
NODE 9 NEW SPATIAL CONFIGURATION
NODE 10
WATER CANALS
0
500
1000
2000
Earthworks Development
Soil remediation techniques of the polluted sites will generate artificial topographies along the bands that will be used for productive landscape and to crate new spatial relationships between public spaces. The second phase of the remediation starts by excavating the polluted soil
077
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES MASSING LANDFILL EXCAVATED AREA FLAT AREA
NODE 4 NODE 1 NODE 3
NODE 5
NODE 2
NODE 6
NODE 7 NODE 8. ZOOM IN
NODE 8 MASSING
NODE 9 LANDFILL
NODE 10
WATER CANALS FLAT AREA
0
500
1000
2000
Earthworks Development (2)
Third phase of the remediation. Generation of regular landfills after the excavation process.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES MASSING LANDFILL EXCAVATED AREA FLAT AREA
NODE 4 NODE 1 NODE 3
NODE 5
NODE 2
NODE 6
NODE 7 NODE 8. ZOOM IN
NODE 8 MASSING
NODE 9 LANDFILL
NODE 10
WATER CANALS FLAT AREA
079
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
081
GROUNDING THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY
Relocation Policy Migration Control
AGRICULTURE
RESIDENTIAL UNIT
RELOCATION
160M2 RENT
RESIDENTIAL POLICY
T.V.E.
NEW RESIDENTIAL AREA
LIVING
MIGRANTS
INDUSTRIAL ZONE
C.B.D.
WORKING
The massive migration processes to urban areas represent probably the most serious consequence of industrialization. The uncontrolled growth of the population in urban cores brings with it socio-environmental problems that usually are not taken into consideration with the needed rigorousness because of the quickness of the situation. Rugao is expecting to grow its population from 250 000 inhabitants to 500 000 by 2020, and in that sense the relocation policy of the master plan favours in every way the migrants will come to work either for industry, or to the C.B.D. Most of the local habitants will be relocated -farmers and urban citizens- in order to build the necesarry infrastructure and residential buildings to accomodate the new comers, and will recieve a very limited compensation fee in return.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
083
“... many of them would come to resent a capital that seemed to be designed to keep them quiet.” “Niemeyer should have known that a modernist work that deprived people of some of the basic modern prerogatives -to speak, to assemble, to argue, to communicate their needswould be bound to make numerous enemies.” “...widespread indignation towards a city that, as many Brazilians told me, had no place for them” Marshall Berman. In Preface and Introduction of All that is Solid Melts Into Air.
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Relocation Policy Renegociation
MASTER PLAN POLICY
90M2
RELOCATION
70M2
LOW RENT
FAMILY
4 PPL
90M2
RELOCATION
AGRICULTURE
1250M2
650M2
12000 RMB/YR
HOUSE
4 PPL
TYPICAL FLAT SIZE
160m2 AGRICULTURE
1250M2
8400 RMB/YR
The relocation policy establishes that in exchange for the house and agricultural land that will be expropriated, each family of farmers -consisting of four members- will receive 90m2 of a residential unit -which is the standard size of a typical flat in China- for their own use, and an extra 70m2 of residential area that the family can use as renting space to the migrants coming to work in industry. The total renting fee is estimated in 8400 RMB per year. In that way, the family members can have a regular income aside of the salary they will receive for working in industry.
ALTERNATIVE POLICY
AGRICULTURE
The proposal aims to renegociate the compensation fee given to the farmers. The objective is to give the farmers the same space of 90m2 of residential space in the new development, but instead of the extra 70m2, allow the farmers to keep half of the agricultural land they prevoiusly own. Each family owns approximately 1250m2 dedicated to nurseries and ornamental planting, which is a very profitable business in China. If every family owns 650m2 of agricultural land, they will recieve an income estimated in 12000 RMB per year, which is almost 35% more of the income they will recieve by renting the extra space and with the long term bennefit of still being land owners.
General Strategy
Master Plan in Figures
LIVING DENSITY Resi. Neighborhood
Housing Unit
A
a1 Farmers a2 a3 a4 a5 a6
ResidentialR [ha]
esi. & Commerce [ha]
Mix/Resi. RatioP
24.36 24.49 17.54 12.41 14.55 20.01
0 0 0 0 0 0
113.36
0
16.96 24.58 14.04
10.13 0 3.14
B. Sum B. Average
55.58
AB. Sum AB.Average
168.94
A. Sum A. Average Bb
1 b2 b3
pl 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
rogram
2639 2653 2046 1861 1698 2168
45728
13065
9267 9320 6203
2648 2663 1772
13.27
24790
7083
13.27
70518
20148
60% 0% 22%
GFAS
Lib, Exhibition, 4 Cinima. Sports. Etc
500
Sports (in/outdoor)R
unning, Basketb.1 Swimming. Gym. Etc
500
Administration
Administration
4500
FacilityP
ITE AREA
12500 1250 Can be shared by two neighborhoods
3000
40000 Good Accessibility
150
Car parking
CommerceC
GF or B1. Separate loading circulation distance from Resi. Car parking GF or F1. Separate Entrance Car Parking
Kindergarten
1000 20000
Primary/Middle School
Car parking
600 Good Accessibility
AdministrationA
Hospital
WC, Recycle Coll
26
30ppl
55000 Can be shared by two neighborhoods 2600ppl 150 Underground Recommended
rogram
unning, Basketb. Swimming. Gym. Etc
1000
OTHERS
28
Sports (in/outdoor)R
Beadhouse
Super Market, res salon, shops, Bank etc
29 26 28
Reading room etc
1000
Food Market
25
Entertainment (clubhouse)
Police Office
Commerce
26 26 24 19 24 26
Housing Unit Facillities
Entertainment (clubhouse)
Post Office
Living Density [m2/ppl]
9237 9286 7162 6515 5941 7587
Neighborhood Facillities FacilityP
Familiy
dministration
GFAS
600 Single part > 150m2 350
Beadhouse
800
Hospital
100
OTHERS
onvinience Store Bank
500 5400
WC Car parking
ITE AREA
500
45
360ppl
087
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GENERAL STRATEGY IN FIGURES CONFIGURATION OF NEW PLOTS AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE NODES
NODE 4
OTHER INDUSTRIAL VOIDS RESIDENTIAL EMPTY SPACES
NODE 1
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
NODE 3
NODE 5
RELOCATION FIGURES
ACCORDING TO PLANNING AUTHORITIES
TOTAL PEOPLE
9237
TOTAL FAMILIES
2639
NODE 2
RESIDENTIAL AREA REQUIRED 24 HA
NODE 6
AREA TO BE EXPROPIATED
329 HA
TARGET POPULATION
70 000
NODE 7
NODE 8
PROPOSAL FIGURES
PROGRAM RE-DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE NODES TOTAL AREA WITHIN THE NODES
306 HA
RESIDENTIAL
24 HA
EXCHANGED LAND
171 HA
TOTAL
195 HA
REST
111 HA
EMPTY AVAILABLE SPACE WITHIN THE NODES
214 HA
TOTAL
325 HA
NODE 9
NODE 10
0
500
1000
2000
Green Infrastructure Phasing
Phase 1. Developing the nodes
Phase 2. Connections between the Nodes
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Phase 3. Green Infrastructure corridors through the hole city
089
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GROUNDING SPATIALITY
Node Configuration Industrial site
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Node Configuration Branching Structure
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 NODE INDUSTRY MAIN ROAD SECONDARY ROAD ROAD INTERSECTIONS EXISTING WATER CANAL
0
125
250
500
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Node Configuration Geometric Mesh
INDUSTRY EXISTING WATER CANAL GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AXIS 400M 300M 200M 100M NODE
0
125
250
500
Node Configuration Spatial Organization
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Node Configuration Sapatial Organization
PROPOSED WATER SYSTEM PLOT CONFIGURATION AREA WITH POLLUTED SOIL
0
125
250
500
Node Configuration
Polluted Soil Excavation
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Node Configuration
Polluted Soil Excavation
WATER CANAL EXCAVATED AREA PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
-1.50 -3.00 -4.50 -6.00
0
125
250
500
Slope Catalogue For Nursery and Ornamental Planting
0.60
0.60
0.60
AC CESS PATH 60CM
TERRACE MIN WIDTH 180CM
NURSERY BED
SEEDBED MAX 120CM REACH CENTER OF WEEDING
DRAINAGE
10.00
INWARD SLOPE TO CONTROL WATERFLOW AND MINIMIZE EROSION 1-2%
100 - 120CM
120CM
1.20
1.20
1.20
STANDARD LAYOUT OF A SEEDBED
10M WIDE SEEDBED CONVENIENT FOR DRAINAGE
1.20
60CM
180CM
SCHEMATIC SECTION
Both landfills and excavated areas will be built according to the traditional standards of ornamental planting used by local farmers. For the construction of nursery beds, local farmers build bands of plantable areas consisting of 1.20m wide, and 10m long, with paths of 60cm in between to facilitate the maintenance and collecting of the plants once the have grown to a plantable size. This allows the farmer to reach the center of weeding easily. In the case of terraced planting, each terrace must have at least 180cm wide -to allow enough space for each seed bed and the maintenance path- and an inward slope of 1-2% to control water flow and minimize erosion. The height of each terrace should be between 1.00m and 1.20m, in order to facilitate both planting and maintenance of nursery beds by both sides, and paths should always be placed by the retention wall to give enough protection space to the planting areas in case of small landslides.
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
PROGRAM
1.80 0.60
1.25
1.20
OPEN AIR THEATERS URBAN GARDENS
SLOPE 30 DEGREES
TERRACING CATALOGUE
1 SEEDBED
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES OBSERVATION PLATFORMS
BASED ON STANDARD GUIDELINES FOR NURSERY PLANTING
PROGRAM
1.80 1.20 0.60
OPEN AIR THEATERS
1.00
0.500.50
1.00
1.80 1.20 0.60
SLOPE 12.5 DEGREES
SLOPE 25 DEGREES 1 SEEDBED
OBSERVATION PLATFORMS ECOTOURISM BONSAI PARK
1.20
PROGRAM 0.60
VEHICULAR RAMPS 0.60
SITTING AREA
1.00
0.500.50
SLOPE 7.5 DEGREES
SLOPE 15 DEGREES
1.00
1.20
3.60 0.60 1.20
3.60 0.60 1.20
2 SEEDBEDS
URBAN GARDENS WATER CATCHMENT RUNNING ROUTES
1.20
1.20
PROGRAM
0.60
0.60 1.20
0.60
PLAYGROUNDS
1.00
SLOPE 5 DEGREES
1.00
0.60
5.40 1.20 0.60
0.500.50
1.20
5.40 1.20 0.60
SLOPE 10 DEGREES 3 SEEDBEDS
SPORTS FACILITIES PEDESTRIAN PATHS AND RAMPS MARKETS
101
Terracing Configuration
TERRACES WITH HIGHER SLOPE FACE NORTH LOOKING FOR WIND PROTECTION AND SHADOW AREAS SEEDBEDS EXCLUSIVE FOR PLANTS LESS RESSISTANT TO WIND AND SUN
TERRACES WITH LESS SLOPE FACING SOUTH NURSERY AREAS OF PLANTS WITH NO NEED FOR SHADOW AND HIGHER RESISTANCE TO WIND
1.80M TERRACE SLOPE FACING NORTH
7.40M TERRACE SLOPE FACING SOUTH
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Terracing Configuration
3.60M TERRACE 2 NURSERY BEDS
A
7.20M TERRACE 4 NURSERY BEDS
7.5
5.4
3.6
1.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
5.40M TERRACE 3 NURSERY BEDS
3.6
Ai
7.5M
0.00M SECTION A-Ai
103
Node Configuration Landfills Generation
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Node Configuration Landscape Formation
WETLAND WATER CANAL EXCAVATED AREA LANDFILL PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
7.50 6.00 4.50 3.00 1.50 -1.50 -3.00 -4.50 -6.00
0
125
250
500
Node Configuration Massing Phase 1
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Node Configuration Massing
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL
MASSING WETLAND WATER CANAL EXCAVATED AREA LANDFILL PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
RESIDENTIAL COMERCIAL - AGROTOURISM
7.50 6.00
RESIDENTIAL
4.50 3.00 1.50 -1.50
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
-3.00 -4.50 -6.00 RESEARCH CENTER
RESIDENTIAL
0
125
250
500
PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
VALLEY
TOW PATH
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
WATER CANAL
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
VALLEY
TOW PATH
WET LAND
TOW PATH
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
TOW PATH
WATER CANAL
LANDFILL PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
TOW PATH
WATER CANAL
COMERCIAL SPACE
WET LAND
PUBLIC SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
VALLEY
Section B PUBLIC SPACE
WATER CANAL
PUBLIC SPACE
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
TOWPATH CYCLE LANE
WET LAND
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
WATER CANAL
TOW PATH
WET LAND
WATER CANAL
WET LAND
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
WET LAND
COMERCIAL SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
VALLEY
PUBLIC SPACE
Landscape Morphology
Ground Condition
PUBLIC SPACE
TOWPATH - CYCLE LANES
LANDFILL
VALLEY
WETLAND
WATER CANAL
Section A
VALLEY
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
COMERCIAL SPACE
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
WATER CANAL
VALLEY
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
WET LAND
TOW PATH
WATER CANAL
WET LAND
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
TOWPATH CYCLE LANE
WET LAND
COMERCIAL SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE ANFITHEATER
VALLEY
PUBLIC SPACE
SECTION D-D
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
LANDFILL
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Landscape Morphology
Buildings + Landscape Relationship
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL
RESEARCH
EDUCATIONAL
AGROTOURISM
PUBLIC SPACE
TOWPATH - CYCLE LANES
LANDFILL
VALLEY
WETLAND
WATER CANAL
6 MTS 6 MTS
LEVEL 0 LEVEL 0
-6 MTS -6 MTS
Node Configuration Massing Phase 2
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Node Configuration
Massing + Program Distribution
MASSING WETLAND
MIXED USE RESIDENTIAL CLOSE TO EXISTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS. COMMERCIAL AREAS IN FIRST FLOORS WITH PUBLIC SPACE
RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL
WATER CANAL EXCAVATED AREA LANDFILL PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE
RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL AGRO-TOURISM CLOSE TO HISTORICAL CENTER AND ADJACENT TO PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES AND WATER CANAL
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL
MIXED USE RESIDENTIAL NEW RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CLOSE EXISTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS. COMMERCIAL AREAS CLOSE TO NEW EDUCATION AND RESEARCH FACILITIES
AGROTOURISM EDUCATIONAL BUILDING AGRICULTURAL ORIENTED TRAINING CENTER
RESEARCH ORNAMENTAL PLANTING RESEARCH DEMONSTRATION FARMS AND LABORATORIES RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL
0
125
250
500
Node Configuration Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eye View
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Node Configuration Bird’s Eye View
113
Node Configuration Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eye View
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Node Configuration Bird’s Eye View
115
Node Configuration Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eye View
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Node Configuration Bird’s Eye View
117
Node Configuration Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eye View
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Node Configuration Bird’s Eye View
119
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Masterplan
RESIDENTIAL AREAS
AGRO-TOURISM AREAS RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL
EXISTING WATER CANAL
TRAINING CENTERS
RESEARCH FACILITIES
PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE CORRIDOR
RESIDENTIAL - COMMERCIAL
APPENDIX BOLZANO WORKSHOP
Tutor: Eduardo Rico Students: Anna Bachina Carlos Umana Golara Jalapor Mun Pheng Mak Tzu-Hui Kao Diana Araya Leonardo Robleto Chen Chen Zhuo Li NIcola Saladino
Design work developed during the Easter Workshop, framed as a collaboration with the Trento University and the Municipality of Bolzano, Italy. AALU worked on an area of southern Bolzano, between the A22 Brenner highway and the Virgolo Hills. The work combined the study of utban typologies incorporating the vineyard terracing systems in south-facing slopes with more infrastructural approaches in dealing with the highway and freight railway crossing the site. The project was shown to the urban authorities in Bolzano and presented in different newspapers and local television.
Source: AA Projects Review 2010
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APPENDIX BOLZANO WORKSHOP GEOMETRIC DEFINITION OF SLOPES
10 % GRADIENT
< 10 %: ACCEPTABLE
> 10 %: NOT ACCEPTABLE
< 10 %: ACCEPTABLE
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
LAND USE DISTRIBUTION uses VINEYARDS RESIDENTIAL PONDS - SIGHTSEEING PUBLIC FACILITIES: RESTAURANTS + HOTELS SPORT ACTIVITIES PLAY GROUNDS EDUCATIONAL SPACES
ROADS MUDSLIDES PROTECTION AREA
PONDS LOCATION STRATEGY
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
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SITE ANALYSIS OBSTACLES VERY POOR SOLAR RADIATION MUDSLIDE DANGER EXCESSIVE SLOPE
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
SLOPE ANALYSIS SLOPE 0 - 10 % 10 - 20 % 20 - 30 % 30 - 40 % 40 - 50 % 50 - 60 % 60 - 70 % 70 - 80 % 80 - 100 % > 100 %
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
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SITE ANALYSIS
AREA = 5 HA -> 10 POINTS AREA = 4.5 HA -> 9 POINTS
WATER FLOWS FROM EACH POINT OF EACH CONTOUR
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
SLOPE ANALYSIS SLOPE 0 - 10 % 10 - 20 % 20 - 30 % 30 - 40 % 40 - 50 % 50 - 60 % 60 - 70 % 70 - 80 % 80 - 100 % > 100 %
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
AALU 09-10 TACTICAL MORPHOLOGIES
TERRACING SYSTEM
VIEW
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FINAL MASTER PLAN
DETENTION POND
NORMALLY DRY BUT ATTENUATES WATER DURING FLOODS
ATTENUATION POND
NORMALLY WET WITH EXTRA CAPACITY TO RELEASE FLOOD
FILTRATION POND
WATER RETAINED FOR A FEW DAYS TO ALLOW SETTLEMENT OF POLLUTANTS
waters later
SWALE
RIVER
WETLAND
WET PLANT
DRY PLANT PRESERVED GREENAREA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 N
0
125
250
500m
BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10
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BOLZANO WORKSHOP AA LANDSCAPE URBANISM 09-10