ACA D EMIC CATALO G
2014
FALL/ WINTER Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n a l Pea ce | 1
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a unique global network of policy research centers in Russia, China, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. Our mission, dating back more than a century, is to advance the cause of peace through analysis and development of fresh policy ideas and direct engagement and collaboration with decisionmakers in government, business, and civil society. Working together, our centers bring the inestimable benefit of multiple national viewpoints to bilateral, regional, and global issues. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington, DC 20036 P +1 202 483 7600 F + 1 202 483 1840 pubs@ceip.org CarnegieEndowment.org
Contents Featured 4 Asia 7 Democracy and Rule of Law
15
Energy and Climate
21
Europe 25 Middle East
29
Nuclear Policy
35
Russia and Eurasia
41
South Asia
49
Ordering Information
53
Getting India Back on Track: An Action Agenda for Reform E DI T E D BY
BI BE K DE BROY ASHL EY J. TEL L IS R EEC E TRE VOR 2014 India has fallen far and fast from the runaway growth rates it enjoyed in the first decade of the twenty-first century. In order to reverse this trend, New Delhi must seriously reflect on its policy choices across a wide range of issue areas. Getting India Back on Track broadly coincides with the 2014 Indian elections to spur a public debate about the program that the next government should pursue in order to return the country to a path of high growth. It convenes some of India’s most accomplished analysts to recommend policies in every major sector of the Indian economy. Taken together, these seventeen focused and concise memoranda offer policymakers and the general public alike a clear blueprint for India’s future.
“An impressive group of experts who provide a clear road map to move India forward in 2014. Anyone invested in the country’s success should read this book.” –Arun Shourie, former Indian minister of disinvestment and minister of communications and information technology
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FE AT U R E D
BI BEK DEBROY Debroy is a professor at the Center for Policy Research in New Delhi. He has worked in academia, industry chambers, and government, including in leadership positions in the Legal Adjustments and Reforms for Globalizing the Economy project and the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor. Debroy is the author of several books, papers, and articles. He holds degrees from Presidency College in Calcutta, the Delhi School of Economics, and Trinity College in Cambridge.
TA B LE OF CON TEN TS Foreword
Ratan N. Tata
Acknowledgments Introduction Completing Unfinished Business: From the Long View to the Short Ashley J. Tellis
Maintaining Macroeconomic Stability Ila Patnaik
AS HL EY J. T EL L I S Tellis is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace specializing in international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. While on assignment to the U.S. Department of State as senior adviser to the under secretary of state for political affairs, he was intimately involved in negotiating the civil nuclear agreement with India. Previously, he was commissioned into the Foreign Service and served as senior adviser to the ambassador at the U.S. embassy in New Delhi. He also served on the National Security Council staff as special assistant to the president and senior director for strategic planning and Southwest Asia.
R EEC E T R EVO R
Trevor is a research assistant in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he previously served as a junior fellow focusing on South Asian security and U.S. grand strategy. He completed his bachelor’s degree with honors at the University of Chicago.
Dismantling the Welfare State Surjit Bhalla
Revamping Agriculture and the Public Distribution System Ashok Gulati
Revisiting Manufacturing Policy Rajiv Kumar
Generating Employment
Renovating Land Management
Barun S. Mitra and Madhumita D. Mitra
Addressing Water Management Tushaar Shah and Shilp Verma
Reforming Energy Policy and Pricing Sunjoy Joshi
Managing the Environment Ligia Noronha
Strengthening Rule of Law Devesh Kapur and Milan Vaishnav
Correcting the Administrative Deficit Bibek Debroy
Building Advanced Defense Technology Capacity Ravinder Pal Singh
Omkar Goswami
Rejuvenating Foreign Policy
Expanding Education and Skills
Index
Laveesh Bhandari
Confronting Health Challenges A. K. Shiva Kumar
C. Raja Mohan
Contributors Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Modernizing Transport Infrastructure Rajiv Lall and Ritu Anand
Managing Urbanization Somik Lall and Tara Vishwanath
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Asia Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n a l Pea ce | 7
Balancing Without Containment: An American Strategy for Managing China ASHL EY J. TEL L IS 2014 China is poised to become a major strategic rival to the United States. Whether or not Beijing intends to challenge Washington’s primacy, its economic boom and growing national ambitions make competition inevitable. And as China rises, American power will diminish in relative terms, threatening the foundations of the U.S.-backed global order that has engendered unprecedented prosperity worldwide. To avoid this costly outcome, Washington needs a novel strategy to balance China without containing it.
AS HLEY J. TELLIS is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Getting India Back on Track: An Action Agenda for Reform (pg. 4) Crux of Asia: China, India, and the Emerging Global Order (pg. 51) Opportunities Unbound: Sustaining the Transformation in U.S.-Indian Relations (pg. 51)
International Peace specializing in international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. While on assignment to the U.S. Department of State as senior adviser to the under secretary of state for political affairs, he was intimately involved in negotiating the civil nuclear agreement with India. Previously, he was commissioned into the Foreign Service and served as senior adviser to the ambassador at the U.S. embassy in New Delhi. He also served on the National Security Council staff as special assistant to the president and senior director for strategic planning and Southwest Asia. Prior to his government service, Tellis was senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation and professor of policy analysis at the RAND Graduate School.
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AS IA
U.S.-China Security Perceptions Survey: Findings and Implications MI C H A E L D. SWAI N E RAC H E L ESP LI N O D ELL LU O Y UA N LIU X I A N G D O N G 2013 Public and elite attitudes in the United States and especially China are exerting a growing influence on the bilateral security relationship. The U.S.-China Security Perceptions Project analyzes the content of these attitudes through original surveys and workshops conducted in both countries. The project’s findings have implications for policymakers seeking to reduce the likelihood of future bilateral conflicts.
M ICHA E L D. SWAI NE is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace and one of the most prominent American analysts in Chinese security studies.
RACHE L E S P LI N O DEL L is a research analyst at the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace.
LU O Y UA N is executive vice president and secretary general at the China Strategic Culture Promotion Association.
LIU X I A N G DO NG is director of the research center at the China Strategic Culture Promotion Association.
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Avoiding the Fall: China’s Economic Restructuring MI C HAE L PE TTIS 2013 Fin an cial Time s
|
A 2013 B OOK OF TH E Y E A R
“Can China make it past the middle-income trap? Having lived and taught in Beijing for more than a decade, Pettis is uniquely qualified to address this and many other key issues. Don‘t miss this book.”
MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR
The Great Rebalancing: Trade, Conflict, and the Perilous Road Ahead for the World Economy Princeton University Press
—Arminio Fraga Neto, former president, Central Bank of Brazil
The days of rapid economic growth in China are over. Mounting debt and rising internal distortions mean that rebalancing is inevitable. Beijing has no choice but to take significant steps to restructure its economy. The only question is how to proceed. Michael Pettis debunks the lingering bullish expectations for China’s economic rise and details Beijing’s options. The urgent task of shifting toward greater domestic consumption will come with political costs, but Beijing must increase household income and reduce its reliance on investment to avoid a fall.
MI C H A EL PETTIS, an expert on China’s economy, is a nonresident
senior associate in the Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and professor of finance at Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management, where he specializes in Chinese financial markets. Buy the book Paperback $19.95
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AS IA
China’s Military and the U.S.-Japan Alliance in 2030: A Strategic Net Assessment MI C H A E L D. SWAI N E MI K E M . M O CHI ZUK I MI C H A E L L. BROWN PAU L S. GI A R RA DO U G L A S H. PAAL RAC H E L ESP LI N O D ELL RAYMO N D LU O LI V E R PALMER XU R E N 2013 The emergence of the People’s Republic of China as an increasingly significant military power in the Western Pacific presents major implications for Japan, the U.S.-Japan alliance, and regional security. This report is the first and only unclassified strategic net assessment of the future impact of China’s growing military power on Japan and the United States, and it provides essential analysis for Washington and Tokyo to better evaluate the best approaches for maintaining deterrence credibility and regional stability over the long term. FREE
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S EE ALSO
America’s Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century M ICHA E L D. SWAI NE 2011 Offering a fresh perspective on current and near-term U.S. policy toward China, Swaine examines the basic beliefs behind U.S.-China relations, recent policy practices by both countries, and the future trends most likely to affect U.S. policy. American leaders, he concludes, must develop policies to sustain America’s economic and technological prowess and improve the U.S. strategic position. Otherwise, Washington will have a hard time maintaining a stabilizing presence in East Asia, shaping regional and Chinese strategic perceptions, and managing key policy issues. Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-257-8 Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-258-5 Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-344-5 Available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, iTunes, and Sony Reader Store.
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Banking on Myanmar: A Strategy for Financial Sector Reform
The China–India Nuclear Crossroads (pg. 38)
VIKRAM NEHRU
LORA SAALMAN
2014
EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY
2012
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Balancing Chinese Interests on North Korea and Iran
Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-269-1 Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-270-7 Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-304-9 Available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, iTunes, and Sony Reader Store.
LORA SAALMAN
2013 FREE
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Myanmar’s Economic Policy Priorities VIKRAM NEHRU
2012
Samudra Manthan: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific (pg. 52) C. RAJA MOHAN
2012 Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-271-4 Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-272-1
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AS IA
ASI A E X P E RTS
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research and analysis by Carnegie’s Asia experts, including:
BEIJING
BEIJING
Chen Qi
Zhang Chuanjie
Yukon Huang
Matthew Ferchen
Zhang Lihua
Resident Scholar
Li Bin
Resident Scholar
Paul Haenle
Zhao Kejin
Vikram Nehru
Resident Scholar
Director, Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy
Shi Han
Resident Scholar
Pang Xun
Deputy Director, Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and Resident Scholar
continued
Resident Scholar
Resident Scholar
CHICAGO Evan A. Feigenbaum Nonresident Senior Associate
Senior Associate Senior Associate Senior Associate and Bakrie Chair in Southeast Asian Studies
Douglas H. Paal
Vice President for Studies
James L. Schoff Senior Associate
Michael D. Swaine
Michael Pettis
KUALA LUMPUR
Nonresident Senior Associate
Muthiah Alagappa
Shi Zhiqin
WASHINGTON
Senior Associate
Nonresident Senior Associate
Resident Scholar
Sun Xuefeng
Resident Scholar
Tang Xiaoyang
NEW YORK John L. Holden Nonresident Senior Associate
Resident Scholar
Wang Tao
Resident Scholar
Yan Xuetong
President, Carnegie–Tsinghua Management Board
PARIS François Godement Nonresident Senior Associate
Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 13
AS IA
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Democracy and Rule of Law Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 15
Closing Space: Democracy and Human Rights Support Under Fire T HOM AS CAROTHERS SAS KIA BREC HE NM AC HE R 2014 After seeing its reach increase for decades, international support for democracy and human rights faces a serious challenge: more and more governments are erecting legal and logistical barriers to democracy and rights programs, publicly vilifying international aid groups and their local partners, and harassing such groups or expelling them altogether. Despite the significant implications of the pushback, the roots and full scope of the phenomenon remain poorly understood and responses to it are often weak.
T HO M A S CA ROTH ERS is vice president for studies at the Carnegie
MORE REPORTS FROM THIS AUTHOR Democracy Promotion Under Obama: Revitalization or Retreat? Revitalizing Democracy Assistance: The Case of USAID
Endowment for International Peace. He is the founder and director of the Democracy and Rule of Law Program and oversees Carnegie Europe in Brussels. He is a leading authority on international support for democracy, rights, and governance and on comparative democratization as well as an expert on U.S. foreign policy.
SAS K IA B RECH EN MACH ER is a research analyst at Carnegie Europe. She studied political science and Slavic studies at Brown University and previously worked as a junior fellow in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. FREE
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D EMOCRACY A N D RULE O F L AW
Development Aid Confronts Politics: The Almost Revolution T H O MA S CA ROT HER S DIA NE DE G RA MON T 2013 “A hugely insightful book on how the international development community has failed to take politics into account in its efforts to help poor countries.”
—Francis Fukuyama, author, The Origins of Political Order
A new lens on development is changing the world of international aid. The overdue recognition that development in all sectors is an inherently political process is driving aid providers to try to learn how to think and act politically. Major donors are pursuing explicitly political goals alongside their traditional socioeconomic aims and introducing more politically informed methods throughout their work. Yet these changes face an array of external and internal obstacles, from heightened sensitivity on the part of many aid-receiving governments about foreign political interventionism to inflexible aid delivery mechanisms and entrenched technocratic preferences within many aid organizations.
T H O M A S CA ROT HER S is vice president for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
MORE BOOKS FROM THIS AUTHOR Confronting the Weakest Link: Aiding Political Parties in New Democracies Promoting the Rule of Law Abroad: In Search of Knowledge
DIA N E D E G RAMO NT, a Clarendon Scholar at Oxford University, was previously a researcher in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Buy the book Paperback $19.95
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Advancing the Rule of Law Abroad: Next Generation Reform RAC HEL KL EINF EL D 2012 “Impressive, thoughtful, and full of practical wisdom. This book should be on the reading list of anyone preparing to perform rule-of-law work in a postconflict setting.”
—Brigadier General Mark Martins, U.S. Army
In the modern era, political leaders and scholars have declared the rule of law to be essential to democracy, a necessity for economic growth, and a crucial tool in the fight for security at home and stability abroad. The United States has spent billions of dollars attempting to catalyze rule-of-law improvements within other countries. Yet despite the importance and the hard work of hundreds of practitioners on the ground, the track record of rule-of-law promotion has been paltry.
MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Extreme Violence and the Rule of Law: Lessons From Eastern Afghanistan
Rachel Kleinfeld describes the history and current state of reform efforts and the growing movement of second-generation reformers who view the rule of law, not as a collection of institutions and laws that can be built by outsiders, but as a relationship between the state and society that must be shaped by those inside the country.
RACH EL KLEIN FELD is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. She is the founder and president emeritus of the Truman National Security Project. Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-348-3
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D EMOCRACY A N D RULE O F L AW
D EMOCRACY AN D R U L E OF LAW EXPERTS S EE A L SO
Corruption: The Unrecognized Threat to International Security WORKING GROUP ON SECURITY AND CORRUPTION
2014 FREE
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Extreme Violence and the Rule of Law: Lessons From Eastern Afghanistan RACHEL KLEINFELD HARRY BADER
2014 FREE
Egypt’s Post-Mubarak Predicament ASHRAF EL-SHERIF
2014 FREE
From Transformation to Mediation: The Arab Spring Reframed
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ post_mubarak_predicament.pdf
Smart Geostrategy for the Eastern Partnership RICHARD YOUNGS KATERYNA PISHCHIKOVA
2013 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/smart_ geostrat_eastern_partnership.pdf
A More Pluralist Approach to European Democracy Support RICHARD YOUNGS KATERYNA PISHCHIKOVA
2013 FREE
2014
Download the paper
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ arab_spring_reframed.pdf
democracy and rule of law experts, including: CAIRO Ashraf El-Sherif
Nonresident Associate
RICHARD YOUNGS FREE
and analysis by Carnegie’s
Download the paper
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Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ euro_dem_supp1.pdf
Ahmed Morsy
Nonresident Associate
MADRID Richard Youngs Senior Associate
WARWICK Oz Hassan
Visiting Scholar
WASHINGTON Thomas Carothers
Vice President for Studies
Sarah Chayes
Senior Associate
Michele Dunne Senior Associate
Rachel Kleinfeld Senior Associate
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Energy and Climate Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 21
Rethinking Urban Mobility: Sustainable Policies for the Century of the City SHI N- PE I TSAY VI C TORIA HERRM ANN 2013 Each week, more than 1 million people move from rural areas to cities around the world, placing huge demands on existing infrastructure—and especially on existing transport systems. Booming cities need contemporary mobility systems capable of transporting increasing numbers of people while doing the least possible harm to the natural environment. Multiple actors, including national and local governments, must work together to create environmentally and financially sustainable urban transport systems.
S HI N -PEI TSAY is the former director of cities and transportation in the Energy and Climate Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focused on urban and regional planning issues, particularly in relation to transportation, economic development, energy, and climate change policy. VI CTORIA H ERRMA N N was a junior fellow in Carnegie’s Energy and Climate Program from 2012 to 2013. Her research focused on climate, cities, energy, and transportation issues from a global perspective. FREE
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EN ERGY A N D CL IM AT E
EN ERGY A N D C L IM AT E EXPERTS S EE ALSO
The Politics of Plenty: Balancing Climate and Energy Security DAVID BURWELL
2013
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research and analysis by Carnegie’s energy and climate experts, including:
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Road to Recovery: Transforming America’s Transportation
BEIJING Wang Tao
Resident Scholar
The Carbon Contained in Global Oils
BIL L B RA DL E Y TO M R I DG E DAV I D WA L KER
WASHINGTON
DEBORAH GORDON
David Burwell
2011
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America’s transportation system is failing: infrastructure is crumbling and more than $100 billion is added annually to the national deficit. Without reform, this failure poses a significant threat to America’s economic, energy, and environmental security.
2012 FREE
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ global_oils.pdf
Director
Deborah Gordon Senior Associate
David Livingston Associate
Policy Priorities for Advancing the U.S. Electric Vehicle Market
FREE
DEBORAH GORDON DANIEL SPERLING DAVID LIVINGSTON
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2012
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ road_to_recovery.pdf
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Jessica T. Mathews President
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ electric_vehicles.pdf
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Europe Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 25
The Uncertain Legacy of Crisis: European Foreign Policy Faces the Future R I CHARD YOUNGS 2014 “A valuable analysis on how the long economic crisis has intensified the birth pangs of Europe’s common foreign and security policy.”
—John Peet, Europe editor, Economist
The European Union is mired in the worst crisis it has seen for many decades. And the crisis does not stop at Europe’s edge. It threatens to undercut the EU’s ambitions to develop a coherent and active foreign policy, but it is also forcing European states to reevaluate their approach to security and defense.
MORE FROM THIS AUTHOR Climate Change and EU Security Policy: An Unmet Challenge From Transformation to Mediation: The Arab Spring Reframed Smart Geostrategy for the Eastern Partnership A More Pluralist Approach to European Democracy Support
Richard Youngs examines the legacy of the crisis and what it will mean for the EU’s international role. The fallout undermines the EU’s foreign policy capacity and tarnishes its normative brand, compelling some member states to focus on realpolitik and their own national-level policies. But there are also signs of enhanced European cooperation, greater international ambition, and deepened commitment to the values of a liberal world order. Youngs details how the EU can craft an effective foreign policy strategy while confronting an internal economic crisis and a reshaped global order.
R I CH A RD YOU N GS is a senior associate in Carnegie’s Democracy and Rule of Law Program. He is an expert on the foreign policy of the European Union, in particular on questions of democracy support. Buy the book Paperback $19.95
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E U RO PE
EUROPE EXPERTS
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research and analysis by Carnegie’s Europe experts, including: SEE A L SO
Locked In or Left Out? Transatlantic Trade Beyond Brussels and Washington
From Transformation to Mediation: The Arab Spring Reframed
SINAN ÜLGEN
RICHARD YOUNGS
2014
2014
FREE
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CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ arab_spring_reframed.pdf
BERLIN Judy Dempsey
Nonresident Senior Associate and Editor in Chief, Strategic Europe
BRUSSELS Jan Techau
Director, Carnegie Europe
Marc Pierini
Visiting Scholar
HEIDELBERG
Climate Change and EU Security Policy: An Unmet Challenge
Time to Reset the European Neighborhood Policy
Ulrich Speck
STEFAN LEHNE
RICHARD YOUNGS
2014
ISTANBUL
2014
FREE
FREE
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Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ climate_change_eu_security.pdf
A Window of Opportunity to Upgrade EU Foreign Policy
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ time_reset_enp.pdf
Smart Geostrategy for the Eastern Partnership RICHARD YOUNGS
2014
2014
FREE
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external_relations_paper.pdf
Sinan Ülgen
Visiting Scholar
MADRID Richard Youngs Senior Associate
STEFAN LEHNE
Download the paper
Visiting Scholar
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/smart_ geostrat_eastern_partnership.pdf
VIENNA Stefan Lehne
Visiting Scholar
WASHINGTON Cornelius Adebahr Associate
Thomas Carothers
Vice President for Studies
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Middle East Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 29
PUBLISHED BY
The Second Arab Awakening and the Battle for Pluralism MARWAN M UAS HE R 2014 “A manifesto for political pluralism in the Arab world—a liberating concept that has unfortunately been missing in much of the thus far disappointing ‘Arab Spring.‘“ —David Ignatius, Washington Post columnist
This important book looks at the tumultuous recent events in the Arab region in the context of long-term historical pressure to build societies that will respond to Arab citizens’ longing for freedom and opportunity. Only through the painstaking process of constructing an Arab world defined by pluralism and tolerance can this dream be realized. Buy the book Hardcover $30.00 978-0-30018-639-0 Also available as ebook.
Marwan Muasher asserts that all sides—the United States, Europe, Israel, and Arab governments alike—were deeply misguided in their thinking about Arab politics and society when the turmoil of the Arab Spring erupted. He explains the causes of the unrest, tracing them back to the first Arab Awakening, and warns of the forces today that threaten the success of the Second Arab Awakening. Hope rests with the new generation and its commitment to tolerance, diversity, the peaceful rotation of power, and inclusive economic growth, Muasher maintains. He calls on the West to rethink political Islam and the Arab-Israeli conflict, and he underscores the importance of efforts to strengthen education and expand traditional definitions of Arab citizenship for the longterm process of democratic transition.
MARWA N MUA SH ER is vice president for studies at the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, where he oversees research in Washington and Beirut on the Middle East. Previously, Muasher served as foreign minister (2002–2004) and deputy prime minister (2004–2005) of Jordan.
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MID D L E E AST
Sectarian Politics in the Gulf: From the Iraq War to the Arab Uprisings
PUBLISHED BY
F R E DE RI C WEH R EY 2014 Financial Times | A 2013 BOOK OF THE YEAR ON THE MIDDLE EAST
Beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq and concluding with the aftermath of the 2011 Arab uprisings, Frederic Wehrey investigates the roots of the ShiaSunni divide now dominating the Persian Gulf ’s political landscape. Focusing on the three Gulf states affected most by sectarian tensions—Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait—Wehrey identifies the factors that have exacerbated or tempered sectarianism, including domestic political institutions, the media, clerical establishments, and the contagion effect of external regional events, such as the Iraq war, the 2006 Lebanon conflict, the Arab uprisings, and Syria’s civil war. Wehrey builds a historical narrative of Shia activism in the Arab Gulf since 2003, linking regional events to the development of local Shia strategies and attitudes toward citizenship, political reform, and transnational identity. He finds that, while the Gulf Shia were inspired by their coreligionists in Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon, they ultimately pursued greater rights through a nonsectarian, nationalist approach. He also discovers that sectarianism in the region has largely been the product of the institutional weaknesses of Gulf states, leading to excessive alarm by entrenched Sunni elites and calculated attempts by regimes to discredit Shia political actors as proxies for Iran, Iraq, or Lebanese Hezbollah. Wehrey conducts interviews with nearly every major Shia leader, opinion-shaper, and activist in the Gulf Arab states, as well as prominent Sunni voices, and consults diverse Arabic-language sources.
Buy the book Hardcover $45.00 978-0-23116-512-9
Also available as ebook.
F R E D E R I C W E HR EY is a senior associate in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. His research focuses on political reform and security issues in the Arab Gulf states, Libya, and U.S. policy in the Middle East more broadly. He was previously a senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation.
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SEE A LSO
Perilous Desert: Insecurity in the Sahara
Iran’s Nuclear Odyssey: Costs and Risks
E D I T ED BY
AL I VA EZ KAR I M SA DJA D POUR
F R E D E R I C W E HR EY AN O UA R B O UKHAR S 2013 The geopolitical significance of the Sahara is becoming painfully clear. Islamist militant groups and transnational criminal networks are operating in the region’s most fragile states, exploiting widespread corruption, weak government capacity, crushing poverty, and entrenched social and ethnic tensions. The unrest spills over borders and aggravates protracted regional crises. This insecurity raises urgent concerns for the broader Sahara and for the West. Perilous Desert details the sources of instability and what can be done to minimize the threat of simmering conflicts.
2013
Kuwaiti Salafism and Its Growing Influence in the Levant ZOLTAN PALL
2014 FREE
Iran’s half-century nuclear odyssey has been marked by enormous financial costs, unpredictable risks, and unclear motivations. The program’s covert history, coupled with the Iranian government’s prohibition of open media coverage of the nuclear issue, has prevented a much-needed internal debate about its cost-benefit rationale. Critical questions about the program’s economic efficacy and safety have been left unanswered.
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CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ tunisia_secular_parties.pdf
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/iran_ nuclear_odyssey.pdf
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ kuwaiti_salafists.pdf
Can Secular Parties Lead the New Tunisia? ANNE WOLF
2014 FREE
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Iraq’s Sectarian Crisis: A Legacy of Exclusion
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HARITH HASAN AL-QARAWEE
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32 | Ca rn e g i e En d ow men t .o rg
2014 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ iraq_sectarian_crisis.pdf
MIDD L E E AST
MID D LE EA ST EXPERTS
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research and analysis by Carnegie’s Middle East experts, including:
AMHERST
WASHINGTON
Omar Dahi
Bayram Balci
Visiting Scholar
The Roots of Crisis in Northern Lebanon RAPHAËL LEFÈVRE
2014
Visiting Scholar
Anouar Boukhars Nonresident Scholar
AMSTERDAM
Nathan J. Brown
Khaled Fattah
Nonresident Senior Associate
Nonresident Scholar
Michele Dunne
FREE
Senior Associate
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ crisis_northern_lebanon.pdf
BEIRUT
Marwan Muasher
Vice President for Studies
Kheder Khaddour Visiting Scholar
In the Crossfire: Islamists’ Travails in Tunisia ANOUAR BOUKHARS
2014 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ islamists_tunisia.pdf
Lina Khatib
Karim Sadjadpour Senior Associate
Director, Carnegie Middle East Center
Raphaël Lefèvre Visiting Scholar
Aline Matta
Frederic Wehrey Senior Associate
Katherine Wilkens
Deputy Director, Middle East Program
Visiting Scholar
Yezid Sayigh
Senior Associate
Maha Yahya
Senior Associate
Tehran Calling: Understanding a New Iranian Leadership CORNELIUS ADEBAHR
2013
TUNIS Mohamed Kerrou Nonresident Scholar
FREE
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Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 33
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Nuclear Policy Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 35
Brazil’s Nuclear Kaleidoscope: An Evolving Identity TO GZ HAN KASS ENOVA 2014 There is no shortage of international commentary on Brazil’s nuclear policy, especially its advanced nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear submarine program. But remarkably little is understood about the domestic drivers behind Brazil’s nuclear choices. This report fills the void. Based on extensive interviews in Brazil with current and former officials, industry representatives, technical experts, and leading academics, it reflects on how Brazilians think about and debate nuclear issues. TO GZH A N K A SS E N OVA is an associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. She currently works on issues related to the role of emerging powers in the global nuclear order, weapons of mass destruction, nonproliferation issues, nuclear security, and strategic trade management. Kassenova also serves on the UN secretary general’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. FREE
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N U CLEA R PO L ICY
Silver Bullet? Asking the Right Questions About Conventional Prompt Global Strike JA ME S M . ACTO N 2013 The development of non-nuclear weapons that can strike distant targets in a short period of time has been a U.S. goal for more than a decade. Advocates argue that such Conventional Prompt Global Strike (CPGS) weapons could be used to counter antisatellite weapons or sophisticated defensive capabilities; deny a new proliferator the ability to employ its nuclear arsenal; and kill high-value terrorists. Critics worry that CPGS weapons could create serious strategic risks, most notably of escalation—including to the nuclear level—in a conflict. The U.S. Department of Defense has explored a number of CPGS technologies but has yet to decide on a preferred option, let alone acquire or deploy it. While the U.S. Congress has disapproved of particular plans, it has generally agreed with the importance of acquiring the capability. With some CPGS technologies reaching maturity and an acquisition decision approaching, the time is right for a national debate about the benefits and risks of CPGS.
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JA M E S M . AC TO N is a senior associate in the Nuclear Policy Program at
Low Numbers: A Practical Path to Deep Nuclear Reductions
the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. A physicist by training, Acton specializes in deterrence, disarmament, nonproliferation, and nuclear energy. His current research focuses on the implications of next-generation conventional weapons for both the nuclear disarmament process and international security more broadly.
Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: A Debate
FREE
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Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 37
Do Unto Others: Toward a Defensible Nuclear Doctrine G EO RG E P E R KOVI CH 2013 The debate surrounding U.S. nuclear policy focuses too narrowly on reducing the number of nuclear weapons in the American arsenal toward zero. More important is preventing the use of nuclear weapons in whatever numbers they exist. President Barack Obama should articulate a narrowed framework for the legitimate use of nuclear weapons that the United States believes would be defensible for others to follow as long as nuclear weapons remain. FREE
Download CarnegieEndowment.org/files/do_unto_ others.pdf
38 | Ca rn e g i e En d ow m en t .o rg
The China–India Nuclear Crossroads
The Iranian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir
E DI T E D A ND TRANSLATED BY
SEYED HOSSEIN MOUSAVIAN
LO RA SA A LMA N 2012 Global power is shifting to Asia. The U.S. military is embarking on an American “pivot” to the Indo-Pacific region, and the bulk of global arms spending is directed toward Asian theaters. India and Pakistan are thought to be building up their nuclear arsenals while questions persist about China’s potential to “sprint to parity.” China remains by far the world’s largest market for new nuclear energy production, and India aspires to be on a similar trajectory.
2012 The first detailed Iranian account of the diplomatic struggle between Iran and the international community, The Iranian Nuclear Crisis: A Memoir begins in 2002, when news about Iran’s clandestine uranium enrichment and plutonium production facilities emerged, and takes the reader into Tehran’s deliberations as its leaders wrestle with internal and external adversaries.
In this book, editor and translator Lora Saalman presents a comprehensive framework through which China and India can pursue enhanced cooperation and minimize the unintended consequences of their security dilemmas.
Seyed Hossein Mousavian, previously the head of the Foreign Relations Committee of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council and spokesman for Tehran’s nuclear negotiating team, provides readers with intimate knowledge of Iran’s interactions with the International Atomic Energy Agency and global powers.
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Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-268-4
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Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-302-5
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Available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, iTunes, and Sony Reader Store.
N UCLEA R PO L ICY
SEE A L SO
NUCLEA R POLICY EXPERTS
Missile Defense: Confrontation and Cooperation (pg. 44)
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research
E D I T E D BY
and analysis by Carnegie’s nuclear policy experts, including:
ALEXEI ARBATOV VLADIMIR DVORKIN NATALIA BUBNOVA
2013 FREE
Download the book CarnegieEndowment.org/files/Missile_ Defense_book_eng_fin2013.pdf
The Future of the Nuclear Suppliers Group MARK HIBBS
BERLIN
TOKYO
Mark Hibbs
Tomoko Kurokawa
BRUSSELS
WASHINGTON
Pierre Goldschmidt
James M. Acton
Senior Associate
Nonresident Senior Associate
2011
GENEVA
FREE
Shahram Chubin
Download the report CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ future_nsg.pdf
Low Numbers: A Practical Path to Deep Nuclear Reductions JAMES M. ACTON
2011
Nonresident Scholar
Toby Dalton
Deputy Director, Nuclear Policy Program
Nonresident Senior Associate
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ low_numbers.pdf
Abolishing Nuclear Weapons: A Debate
Togzhan Kassenova Associate
Duyeon Kim
ISTANBUL
Associate
Sinan Ülgen
Visiting Scholar
Li Bin
Senior Associate
LONDON
George Perkovich
Paul Schulte
Nonresident Senior Associate
Vice President for Studies Director, Nuclear Policy Program
Nicholas D. Wright
FREE
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Senior Associate
Associate
MOSCOW Alexei Arbatov
Scholar in Residence
Petr Topychkanov Associate
E D I T E D BY
GEORGE PERKOVICH JAMES M. ACTON
2009
TEL AVIV Ariel (Eli) Levite
Nonresident Senior Associate
FREE
Download the report CarnegieEndowment.org/files/abolishing_ nuclear_weapons_debate.pdf Carn e g iiee E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 39
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Russia and Eurasia Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 41
Interregnum: Russia Between Past and Future LI LI A S HEV TSOVA 2014
RUSSIA BETWEEN PAST AND
After briefly waking up in 2011 and 2012, Russian society is now facing an authoritarian backlash. The pressure from below proved too weak to force the ruling elite to transform Russia. Trying to save the personalized power system, the authorities have turned to repression and expansionism while invoking the doctrine of containment of the West. The Russian incursion into Ukraine has brought about the unraveling of the post-Cold War settlement, which will have unpredictable consequences for global security and the rules of the game.
FUTURE
L I L I A SH EV TSOVA chairs the Russian Domestic Politics and Political
LILIA SHEVTSOVA
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Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center, dividing her time between Carnegie’s offices in Washington, DC and Moscow. She has been with Carnegie since 1995. Currently, Shevstova is a member of the Editorial Board for the American Interest, Pro et Contra, Demokratizatsiya, and the Journal of Democracy. In addition to participating in the Davos World Economic Forum’s ongoing Global Redesign Initiative program, she is a senior research associate at the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Economics and an associate fellow at the Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs.
FREE
Change or Decay: Russia’s Dilemma and the West’s Response
Lonely Power Russia—Lost in Transition: The Yeltsin and Putin Legacies Putin’s Russia (Revised and Expanded Edition)
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Download the book CarnegieEndowment.org/files/Interregnum-web2014.pdf
RUSSIA A N D E U RAS IA RUSSIA A N D E U RAS IA
The Fight for Influence: Russia in Central Asia AL E X E Y M ALA SH EN KO 2014 Russian influence in Central Asia is waning. Since attaining independence, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan have forged their own paths—building relationships with outside powers and throwing off the last vestiges of Soviet domination. But in many ways, Moscow still sees Central Asia through the lens of the Soviet Union, and it struggles to redefine Russian relations with the region. Alexey Malashenko offers a comprehensive analysis of Russian policies and prospects in Central Asia. It is clear that Russian policy in the former Soviet space is entering uncharted territory. But does the ruling establishment understand the fundamental shifts under way? It is time for Moscow to rethink its approach to Central Asia.
A LE X E Y M A L AS HENKO is the co-chair of the Carnegie Moscow Center’s Religion, Society, and Security Program. He taught at the Higher School of Economics from 2007 to 2008 and was a professor at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations from 2000 to 2006. From 1976 to 1982 and again from 1986 to 2001, Malashenko worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences as a research fellow, head of the Islamic Department, and finally as senior associate. In 1990, he was also a visiting professor at Colgate University in New York. From 1982 to 1986, he was editor of the journal Problems of Peace and Socialism.
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Buy the book
Afghanistan: A View From Moscow
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20 Years Without the Berlin Wall: A Breakthrough to Freedom Iran: A View From Moscow
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Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 43
Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, Anniversary Edition
Crisis: Russia and the West in the Time of Troubles
T H O M A S DE WAAL
L I L I A SH EVTSOVA DAVID J. KRA MER
2013
2013
Ten years after its initial release, Black Garden remains the definitive account of war and peace between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and the conflict over Nagorny Karabakh. Based on the author’s extensive experience in the region, Black Garden is the product of more than 120 original interviews in the South Caucasus, Moscow, and Washington, and a unique collection of historical primary sources.
The articles in this book reflect on Russia’s current trajectory, its relations with the West, Western thinking about Russian civilization, modern authoritarianism and its Russian and Chinese incarnations, and the use of foreign policy for the preservation of authoritarian regimes. These reflections introduce a broader and more dramatic theme: crisis, as it is experienced by an obsolescent political and social system, and as it is experienced by a system in need of rejuvenation.
The revised and updated tenth anniversary edition includes a new foreword and an expanded conclusion that analyzes the reasons for the intractability of the conflict and the prospects for its resolution. PUBLISHED BY Buy the book Hardcover $25.00 978-0-81476-032-1
Also available as ebook.
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The drama inherent in this period lies in the fact that the two predominant political and social models—authoritarianism and liberal democracy—are experiencing simultaneous crises. FREE
Download the book CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ Shevtsova_Kramer_Book_layouts_web.pdf
Missile Defense: Confrontation and Cooperation EDITED BY
A LEXEI A RBATOV VLA D IMIR DVORK IN N ATA LIA B UB N OVA 2013 In the last fifty years, the United States and Russia have significantly surpassed the rest of the world in the development of ballistic missile defense (BMD) systems. Although the two countries’ recent attempts to agree to a joint missile defense system have failed, the imperatives for such collaboration are increasing. Over the coming decade, Russia and the United States should take steps to integrate missile defense systems into the regimes of nuclear disarmament, nonproliferation, and mutual security. FREE
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RUSSIA A N D E U RAS IA
A Quiet Force: Health Cooperation in U.S.-Russian Relations
The Stalin Puzzle: Deciphering Post-Soviet Public Opinion
Russia XXI: The Logic of Suicide and Rebirth
P U B L I C-P R I VAT E TAS K FORC E O N U . S .- R USS I AN HEA LTH CO O P ERAT I O N
T HO M A S D E WA A L MAR IA LIPMA N L EV GU D KOV L AS H A BA KRA DZE
2013
2013 U.S.-Russian public health cooperation has led to extraordinary achievements, from the development and production of the Sabin polio vaccine to the eradication of smallpox. But the full potential of this collaboration has not yet been achieved. Deeper bilateral engagement could drive innovation and economic growth for both countries and the world. Unlocking this latent power requires leadership, resources, know-how, and strong institutional foundations. FREE
Download the report CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ quiet_force1.pdf
2013 Joseph Stalin is not yet dead, it would seem. The Soviet leader who was responsible for the deaths of millions over his thirty-year rule still commands worryingly high levels of admiration for a host of reasons. These findings are clear in the first-ever comparative opinion polls on the dictator in the post-Soviet countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia. The surveys, commissioned by the Carnegie Endowment in 2012, suggest de-Stalinization has not succeeded in the former Soviet Union and most post-Soviet citizens have not come to grips with their history.
LILIA SH EV TSOVA
The Russian system is beginning to decay. It cannot sustain the crumbling status quo, nor can it be certain of finding a new incarnation for itself. The only real questions are what stage of decay the system is in, whether the agony of its final demise has already started, and, if so, how long it will last. The system still has some resources, if not to revive itself, then to draw out its death, and that survival instinct could take a nasty, even bloody, form. FREE
Download the book CarnegieEndowment.org/files/RussiaXXI_ web_Shevtsova.pdf
FREE
Download the report CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ stalin_puzzle.pdf
Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 45
Tajikistan’s Difficult Development Path
In the Whirlwind of Jihad
Russia in 2020: Scenarios for the Future
M A RTH A B R I LL O LCOT T
MARTH A B RILL OLCOTT
EDITED BY
2013
2012
Tajikistan teeters on the brink of failure. This mountainous and landlocked country, the poorest in Central Asia, struggles with corruption and its citizens lack a number of basic freedoms. These domestic challenges become even more problematic as international forces prepare to withdraw from neighboring Afghanistan, leaving the Central Asian countries to ensure regional stability.
In Uzbekistan, Central Asia’s most populous country, Islam has been an ever-present factor in the lives of its people and a contentious force for political officials trying to build a secular government.
In Tajikistan’s Difficult Development Path, Martha Brill Olcott traces the political, economic, and social change following the country’s independence and international efforts to prevent a collapse of the state.
In the Whirlwind of Jihad examines the intertwined and evolving relationships between religion, the state, and society in Uzbekistan from the late 1980s to today, encompassing the period from the collapse of the Soviet Union to the launch of the U.S.-led “war on terror” in neighboring Afghanistan. Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-259-2
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Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-260-8
Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-273-8
Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-301-8
Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-274-5 Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-303-2 Available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, iTunes, and Sony Reader Store.
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MA RIA LIPMA N N IKOLAY PETROV 2011 Russia in 2020 brings together leading experts from Russia, the United States, and Europe to analyze the possible scenarios for Russia’s development in the next decade and the risks that lie ahead. While Vladimir Putin is unlikely to give up power any time soon, the political and economic system he created is incapable of dealing with Russia’s rapidly changing conditions. Crises are likely unavoidable unless Russia changes and modernizes. Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-263-9 Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-264-6 Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-265-3
Available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, iTunes, and Sony Reader Store. Available on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, iTunes, and Sony Reader Store.
RU SSIA A N D E U RAS IA
S EE A L SO
R USSIA A N D EURA SIA EXPERTS
The Rahmon Phenomenon: New Challenges for Tajikistan’s Long-Standing President
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research and analysis by Carnegie’s Russia and Eurasia experts, including:
AZIZ NIYAZI ALEXEY MALASHENKO
2014 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ rahmon_phenomenon.pdf
Russia and Pakistan: Shared Challenges and Common Opportunities PETR TOPYCHKANOV VLADIMIR MOSKALENKO
2014 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/russia_ and_pakistan2014.pdf
MOSCOW
WASHINGTON
Alexei Arbatov
Ambassador James F. Collins
Maria Lipman
Scholar in Residence Editor in Chief, Pro et Contra
Thomas de Waal
Alexey Malashenko
Martha Brill Olcott
Lilia Shevtsova
Eugene Rumer
Senior Associate
Senior Associate
Scholar in Residence
Director, Russia and Eurasia Program Senior Associate
Senior Associate
Petr Topychkanov
Andrew S. Weiss
Associate
Dmitri Trenin
Russia and the Arab Spring
Senior Associate Diplomat in Residence
Scholar in Residence
Vice President for Studies
Director, Carnegie Moscow Center
ALEXEY MALASHENKO
2013 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/russia_ arab_spring2013.pdf
VILNIUS Balázs Jarábik Visiting Scholar
The End of an Era in EU-Russia Relations DMITRI TRENIN MARIA LIPMAN ALEXEY MALASHENKO
2013 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ new_era_russia_eu.pdf
Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 47
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South Asia Carn e g i e E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 49
Getting India Back on Track: An Action Agenda for Reform E DI TE D BY
BI BEK DE BROY A SHL E Y J. TE L L IS R EEC E TREVOR 2014 India has fallen far and fast from the runaway growth rates it enjoyed in the first decade of the twenty-first century. In order to reverse this trend, New Delhi must seriously reflect on its policy choices across a wide range of issue areas. Getting India Back on Track broadly coincides with the 2014 Indian elections to spur a public debate about the program that the next government should pursue in order to return the country to a path of high growth. It convenes some of India’s most accomplished analysts to recommend policies in every major sector of the Indian economy. Taken together, these seventeen focused and concise memoranda offer policymakers and the general public alike a clear blueprint for India’s future.
BI BEK D EB ROY is a professor at the Center for Policy Research in New Delhi. He has worked in academia, industry chambers, and government. AS HLEY J. TELLIS is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace specializing in international security, defense, and Asian strategic issues. R EECE TREVOR is a research assistant at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
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SOU T H AS IA
Employing India: Guaranteeing Jobs for the Rural Poor EDUA R D O Z E P EDA ET A L . 2013 India’s rural employment guarantee is a milestone in social policy and employment creation. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was mandated in 2005 to implement an ambitious, demand-driven employment-creation program to benefit the rural poor through projects that improve agricultural productivity and alleviate land degradation. Guaranteeing the right of rural households to 100 days of unskilled manual work, the program’s size sets a worldwide precedent. It has achieved impressive results, but the act continues to pose immense design and management challenges. FREE
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Crux of Asia: China, India, and the Emerging Global Order E DI T E D BY
AS HLEY J. TELLIS S EAN MIRSKI
Opportunities Unbound: Sustaining the Transformation in U.S.-Indian Relations A SH LEY J. TELLIS 2013
2013 The rise of China and India as major world powers promises to test the established global order in the coming decades. As the two powers grow, they are bound to change the current international system—with profound implications for themselves, the United States, and the world. And whether they agree on the changes to be made, especially when it comes to their relationship with the West, will influence the system’s future character. A close examination of Chinese and Indian perspectives on the fundamentals of the emerging international order reveals that Sino-Indian differences on many issues of both bilateral and global significance are stark. FREE
The evolving U.S.-Indian strategic partnership holds great potential for both countries. India’s economic growth and its ties to the United States can assist its global rise, which contributes to keeping the peace in Asia, provided New Delhi and Washington sustain concerted cooperation. And India’s emerging markets promise to be the key instrument for enlarging India’s power while remaining a rich opportunity for U.S. businesses. The 2008 U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement did away with the biggest obstacle in the relationship—India’s murky status in the global nonproliferation regime. Both sides must now take steps to make the partnership fruitful. FREE
Download the report CarnegieEndowment.org/files/crux_of_ asia.pdf
Download the report CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ opportunities_unbound.pdf
Carn e g ie E n dowm e n t fo r I n te rn ati o n al Pea ce | 51
SOU T H AS IA
SOU TH A SIA EX PE RTS
Visit CarnegieEndowment.org for a complete list of research and analysis by Carnegie’s South Asia experts, including:
S EE A LSO
Samudra Manthan: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific C . RA JA M O H AN 2012
NEW DELHI
The India-Australia Strategic Relationship: Defining Realistic Expectations
C. Raja Mohan
FREDERIC GRARE
Nonresident Associate
2014 FREE
Nonresident Senior Associate
PARIS Gilles Dorronsoro
Christophe Jaffrelot
Rising China and emerging India are becoming major maritime powers. As they build large navies to secure their growing interests, both nations are roiling the waters of the Indo-Pacific— the vast littoral stretching from Africa to Australasia.
Download the paper
Nonresident Scholar
CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ india_australia_strat_rel.pdf
WASHINGTON
Invoking a tale from Hindu mythology—Samudra Manthan or “to churn the ocean”—C. Raja Mohan tells the story of a Sino-Indian rivalry spilling over from the Great Himalayas into the Indian and Pacific Oceans. He examines the prospects of mitigating the tensions and constructing a stable Indo-Pacific order.
ILA PATNAIK AJAY SHAH
Buy the book Paperback $19.95 978-0-87003-271-4 Hardcover $49.95 978-0-87003-272-1
Sarah Chayes
Senior Associate
Reforming India’s Financial System 2014 FREE
Download the paper CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ reform_indian_financial_system.pdf
Director, South Asia Program Senior Associate
George Perkovich
Vice President for Studies Director, Nuclear Policy Program
Tamanna Salikuddin Nonresident Scholar
Stephen Tankel
Balochistan: The State Versus the Nation FREDERIC GRARE
2013 FREE
Ebook $9.95 AND UP 978-0-87003-306-3
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CarnegieEndowment.org/files/ balochistan.pdf
52 | Ca rn e g i e En dow m en t .o rg
Frederic Grare
Nonresident Scholar
Ashley J. Tellis Senior Associate
Milan Vaishnav Associate
Bernd von Muenchow-Pohl Nonresident Scholar
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