The Happiness Project
CAROLIN WENDLER art director + photogragher
Copyright Š 2017 by Carolin Wendler All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission from Swinburne University of Technology, unless specifically referenced in the notes.
“Simplicity is the essence of happiness” CEDRIC BLEDSOE
INSIDE mission
section one: happiness the mean to finding happiness enjoy the joy
section two: home the art of tea designers outlook: christoph niemann personal reflection
section three: surroundings
the minimalists designers outlook: paula scher personal reflection
section four: experience
10% happier designers outlook: platon personal reflection notes
MISSION
Design for Happiness aims to explore the beauty in life’s simple pleasures, captured through photography.
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Happiness can be challenging to explain and more difficult to define and yet we all instinctively understand the high value that it holds. Therefore, we longingly seek it.
HAPPINESS
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section one: HAPPINESS
section one: The exploration of happiness and the truth behind the meaning.
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section one: HAPPINESS
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the mean to finding happiness. PAUL NOLAN, PHD
Your life goes well when you are happy. But what exactly is happiness? We aren’t asking what happiness is affected by, but what it actually is. The different ways in which we define happiness affect what we can do to improve it. So a clear definition should be, but rarely is, a fundamental concern for any book on happiness. The research conducted may place a strong case in the following definition: happiness is experiences of pleasure and purpose over time. This definition is novel, it’s coherent, and it resonates with people in your life. It is also measurable, which is vital if we are to advance our understanding of happiness. Many of the assumptions we make about happiness and about ourselves have a lot to do with the fact that we generally pay more attention to what we think should make us happy rather than focusing on what actually does. Therefore, the happy ones among us have more positive feelings than negative ones. So, the more frequent and more intense are your various feelings of pleasure, the happier you are.
Attention holds together our lives as well as this book. It converts stimuli into happiness and it drives our behaviour. We are often unaware of the effects of attention on our happiness and our behaviour, just as many people are unaware that background music affects their choice of wine. Yet this precious and scarce resource is responsible for all of what we do and how we feel. Attention explains why we adapt to weight gain and not to noise and stammering. It also explains why we might not be as happy as we could be. It should come as no great surprise to anyone that we are happier when we pay attention to good experiences and to people we like being with. The problem is that we act in ways that make it appear as if this is not at all obvious. There are some simple yet effective things that you can do to reorient your attention to being happier. Buy a few more experiences and a bit less stuff, switch between pleasurable and purposeful activities, and listen to music. Make a commitment to spend a little more time each day talking to people you like. And look to spending a little less time each day glued to your computer or phone. Distractions drain you and leave you feeling tired and less happy, so stay focused on one thing at a time—and stop continually checking those darn e-mails and Facebook updates.
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Our happiness includes both pleasure and purpose and whether or not anything is worth doing depends on your experiences. This includes good and bad sentiments in anticipation of an event that is yet to happen and the good and bad memories of past experiences. There is nothing that exists outside of the here and now: your anticipations and memories are all part of your current feelings. A focus on pleasure and purpose over time allows us to say whether or not a decision is or was rational in a substantive sense according to its overall consequences for happiness. We are learning lessons all the time, particularly about the pleasure and purpose associated with different activities. We still know much more about how people evaluate their lives than about how people feel in the experience of their lives, though.
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section one: HAPPINESS
“Happiness is all that matters in the end.”
There have been many attempts to describe the causes of happiness, and many reasons put forward for why we might not be as happy as we could be. The fundamental reason why most of us aren’t as happy as we could be is that we allocate attention in ways that are often at odds with experiencing as much pleasure and purpose as we could. It’s not surprising that we aren’t as happy as we could be when we allow our evaluative self to attend to mistaken desires about what should motivate us and make us happy. It’s no wonder that we make choices that are incompatible with our future experiences of happiness when our attention is focused on what’s in front of us right now rather than on what will be in front of us once we have made a decision. And it’s actually quite easy to be miserable when our beliefs and behaviour conflict, when we set lofty expectations about ourselves, or when we can’t even
accept ourselves in the first place. So if the misallocation of attention is our fundamental problem, the reallocation of attention must be the fundamental solution. You need a more efficient production process to become happier. Fortunately, behavioural science provides you with some help in understanding some of the reasons why you might not be allocating your attention as well as you could. Better still, it provides illuminating insights into how you can reorient your attention to “deliver happiness. The key to finding happiness is to find the ways in which going with the grain offind yourthe human The key to finding happiness is to waysnature in makes easier be happier. It seems that doing which goingitwith thetograin of your human nature something that purposeful quite high on makes it easier to befeels happier. It seemsisthat doing people’s desires. With a littleisinitial you can something that feels purposeful quite effort, high on helpdesires. yourselfWith become happier by design. people’s a little initial effort, you can is all that matters in the end. Moreover, help Happiness yourself become happier by design. we know that happiness causes a range of other Happiness is all that matters in the end. Moreover, goodthat outcomes andcauses that it’saalso contagious. we know happiness range of other The of happiness is therefore a noble The and very goodpursuit outcomes and that it’s also contagious. serious objectiveisfor us all. a noble and very pursuit of happiness therefore serious objective for us all. You may of course be willing to give up your own happiness now for happiness later or for the happiness of those whom you care about, but if you are not expecting to benefit from your current course of action, and don’t expect others to, either, then the answer is actually quite straight forward change course. But, giving up happiness now for later happiness that never comes is truly tragic and the more time you spend attending to the things that make you happy, the happier you will be. And stop doing things that make you miserable. Change what you do, not how you think. You are what you do, your happiness is what you attend to, and you should attend to what makes you and those whom you care about happy.
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When thinking about how to be happier, you must keep in mind that your memories of the past are important experiences of happiness in the present. Happiness includes good memories of good experiences. Everything that happens in your life, in principle, can be subject to empirical enquiry into consequences. Your experiences of happiness give you an account by which you can judge whether every single behaviour eventually resolves itself as being, on balance, a good or a bad decision. We reach about the factors associated with happiness depend greatly on the measure of happiness used, and much more than most scholars have typically accounted for. Despite declining levels of life satisfaction, people’s feelings appear to improve from their teens to age thirty. They might be feeling increasingly good as they approach thirty, until they’re reminded that they’re reaching thirty. So much depends on what we pay attention to in fact, everything depends on what we pay attention to, as we shall now see.
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section one: HAPPINESS
Free like a bird and peacful like the sky. Colours that are calming.
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section one: HAPPINESS
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enjoy the joy. ANDREA TOWER & ALAN MOZES
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What a short stroll along the foreshore allows you to find. If you look closely.
section one: HAPPINESS
As emotions go, happiness usually hides in plain sight: seen in a broad smile, heard in a raucous laugh, felt in a big hug.
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A single smell or sound has the power to conjure up entire scenes from the past. But new research suggests seeking out the right senses could make you a happier person.
Sound How often do you turn to music to make yourself feel better? For many people, the answer is often. While the link between our brain and music is not a new discovery, it’s the first time that research has specifically shown that upbeat music can to have an effect on our well-being. “The connection between art and science is more intimate than people think,” said Murray Gibson, a researcher at North-eastern University in Boston who frequently visits Chicago to study music effect on individuals. “I feel strongly about scientists being great at doing science, but leaving it up to them all the time isn’t going to work. People need to be aware how important it can be to learn about science through how we respond to music.” “It still surprises me that something as simple as listening to upbeat music has such an effect on our mood and happiness,” said Dr. Yana Ferguson, the studies lead author. The findings in this research contribute to the growing area of science on well-being and to better understanding how people may become happier and the results are encouraging for people who are interested in trying out various activities to feel their positive effects in their lives.
Scientists have found that smelling the ‘right’ aromas can enhance how we feel. For example, we know lavender can help reduce stress, while researchers at Wheeling Jesuit University in the States have discovered that the smell of peppermint boosts mood. Aromas also affect our kindness levels. A study from the University of Southern Brittany found the smell of baking bread made people kinder to strangers. When volunteers outside a bakery dropped a personal item, 77% of strangers stopped to help, compared with just 52% outside a clothes shop. We also convey through our own aromas. Scientists the Utrecht We alsohappiness convey happiness through our own aromas. at Scientists at the Utrecht University found thatfound through process a ofprocess ‘chemo-signalling’, people canpeople can become University thata through of ‘chemo-signalling’, become ‘emotionally ‘emotionally synchronised’. the armpit sweat on on pads, of synchronised’.Researchers Researcherscollected collected the armpit sweat pads, of participants and neutral states while they watched filmfilm clips. The participantsininhappy, happy,fearful fearful and neutral states while they watched clips. Thepads padswere werethen thensniffed sniffed by by ‘receivers’ ‘receivers’ whose was whose facial facialmuscle muscleactivity activity was measured. measured. Researchers foundexposure exposuretotothe the‘happy’ ‘happy’pad padelicited elicited a happier happier facial expression Researchers found facial expression theor fearful or neutral pads, and said the showed study showed than thethan fearful neutral pads, and said the study that ‘athat positive state ‘a positivecan state be transferred by means of odours.’ becan transferred by means of odours.’ For that reason, Dalton said she “would expect the ability to communicate a happy emotion to [actually] be less potent than the ability to transmit a negative emotion.” But Andreas Keller, a research associate with The Rockefeller University in New York City, said the study findings make intuitive sense. “Hearing happy people and seeing happy people makes you happier,” he said, “so the fact that smelling them would make you happier, too, is probably not so surprising.”
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Scent
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section one: HAPPINESS
A cave with a sea view, also known as London Bridge in Portsea.
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section two: HOME
section two:
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The exploration of finding happiness in the home.
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HO ME
section two: HOME
That warm, inviting feeling of being at home.
the art of tea. 24
KATHY YL CHAN
section two: HOME There’s your liquor collection, complete with a cocktail cart. There are your wines. There’s your coffee setup – beans, scale and Chemex. These days, beverages are down to an art. But what about tea? Tea is often an afterthought, a box of forgotten, dusty bags in the back of the cabinet. But that’s not the way it should be. Given tea’s diversity and health benefits and the fact that quality tea tastes… well, simply amazing it’s time to clear the dust and curate a proper collection. Start with six loose-leaf teas, one from each main category: green black, white oolong blend and herbal. Make this your foundation and slowly add from there. The next time guests visit, how wonderful will it be to have options and hand? Imagine the possibilities!
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ROOIBOS Rooibos is an herbal tea that falls under the category of tisanes, non-caffeinated beverages made by infusing herbs, spices or other plant material in water. There’s nothing like brewing a midnight cup of rooibos just before bed to promote a sense of peace. It’s naturally decaffeinated and makes for a beautiful evening drink. Melange du Cap Rooibos combines a base of South African rooibos with crushed cacao nibs and vanilla.
WHITE White teas are elegant and refined. Keep a stash of delicate Silver Needles in your collection at all times, as treat for both guests and yourself. Barely oxidized, the tea brews up a pale golden yellow and is named for the tiny, silver- white hairs coating the unopened tea buds. You’d never guess that a tea this subtle could make such a lasting impact. Steep for five minutes.
BLEND Tea aficionados might claim that blends are silly. But there’s no reason you can’t be serious about tea and appreciate a thoughtful blend from quality ingredients. Consider The du Hammam, a blend inspired by the scent of a Turkish hammam, the traditional sauna. Translated into tea, that conjures a concoction of roses and berries, ripe green dates, and orange-flower water, all in base of Chinese green tea leaves. Steep for three minutes.
OOLONG I have yet to meet someone who doesn’t love a good milk oolong. It combines the classic toasted notes of oolong tea with a remarkable creamy flavour and hints of natural sweetness. The dark leaves of Milky Wu Oolong unfurl more and more with each steep, offering notes of roasted almond milk and a gentle finish of honeysuckle. It tastes as dreamy as it sounds. Steep for five minutes.
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BLACK If I could drink only one black tea, it would be Darjeeling. It’s known as the “champagne of teas” for good reason, offering haunting musky-sweet notes. Should you have room for a few more varieties, add Lapsang Souchong (also great for cooking- think Lapsang Souchong infused into marbled tea effs or used to make smoked salmon) and a classic Earl Grey. Steep for three minutes.
LONG JING Long Jing, also known as Dragon Well, is a prized Chinese green tea named for its unmistakable flat, sword-like shape. The tea is roasted and pan-fried, making for a brew that’s faintly sweet and velvety on the tongue, with a long, luxurious finish. Steep for three minutes.
section two: HOME
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From New Yorker covers to Instagram sketches, illustrator Christoph Niemann plays with abstraction and inactivity… and questions authenticity.
CHRISTOPH I’m such a control freak that I would always love to sit down and come up with the perfect formula for creating art. But it doesn’t work that way. It’s a little bit of a painful realisation, because ultimately, it really is, to a very large degree, staring at paper. And I have to trust for kind of crazy moments to happen.
I would say that abstraction probably is, for me, the most important concept of art. It’s the idea of, like, I start with 1000 different thoughts and then, one by one, throw them all out, until, at the end, I’m left with three that are essential to the whole question. But the abstraction, from me, is this idea of getting rid of everything that’s not essential to making a point.
NIEMANN It’s not about waiting for hours for this moment where inspiration strikes. It’s just about showing up and getting started, and then something amazing happens or it doesn’t happen. All that matters is you enable the chance for something to happen. For that you have to sit at your desk and you had to draw and do and make decisions and hope for the best.
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section two: HOME
It was quite difficult to sit still for a long period of time and stare off into a blank page, just hoping that something will eventually hit. After a while the whole idea, just frustrated me because nothing was working and I abandoned the whole method altogether. This was maybe because I didn’t feel all that creative at the time. I somehow returned to my desk where everything was exactly how I left it. I was even more annoyed at myself because I left such a creative mess and yet the page was till empty. It’s interesting Niemann is Niemann able to sitisdown and It’show interesting how able to sit begin down creating and begin creating random bitsrandom of work.bits Theoffact he The basis hishe creations his everyday work. fact basis hisofcreations of his everyday routine, including getting up to brushing hisbrushing teeth from 9 to 6from in the routine, including getting up to his teeth 9 to 6 in evening. the evening. In someway In I am able to Irelate to his technique workingby through someway am able to relate to his by technique working something and then something eventually and something amazingsomething happens. In my through then eventually amazing case this would be a ‘happy accident’ whichbe is aprobably the best which is happens. In my case this would ‘happy accident’ outcome I’ll probably get. the best outcome I’ll get. I never reallyI never thought about pulling my work apart and having a look really thought about pulling my work apart and having a at what’s most essential. when I’m too focused, I can look at what’sSometimes most essential. Sometimes when I’m tooget focused, I side trackedcan andget things get lost. sidewill tracked and things will get lost. This is the one thing that way from way This is the oneI took thingaway that Ifrom took this away from thishis way from his way of doing things. BY allowing yourself to pull away your work of doing things. BY allowing yourself tofrom pull away from your work and really trying to understand the focus ofthe your creation, by even by and really trying to understand focus of youreven creation, removing onremoving simple element. on simple element.
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section two: HOME
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section four: EXPERIENCE
section three: The exploration of hiding treasures in this vast world.
SURROUNDINGS 34
section four: EXPERIENCE
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the minimalists JOSHUA MILLBURN & RYAN NICODEMUS
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What is Minimalism?
What is Happiness?
At first glance, people might think the point of minimalism is only to get rid of material possessions but really is a tool to achieve fulfilment in life. It is a tool to achieve happiness, which is (let’s face it) what we are all looking for. We all want to be happy. Minimalism can help.
Happiness is an expansive concept; it goes without saying. At its fundament, the term “happiness” is abstract and abstruse and can be a mind-numbing, to try to explain with words. But it’s happiness that leads us to minimalism.
Minimalism is a tool to help you achieve freedom. Freedom from fear, freedom from worry, freedom from overwhelm, freedom from guilt, freedom from depression, freedom from enslavement. Freedom. There are no rules in minimalism. Rather, minimalism is simply about stripping away the unnecessary things in your life so you can focus on what’s important. We believe that there are four important areas in everyone’s lives: your health, your relationships, your mission, and your passions. Minimalists choose to get rid of the unnecessary in favour of what’s important. But the level of specificity is up to you. Minimalists search for happiness not through things, but through life itself. Thus, it’s up to you to determine what is necessary and what is superfluous in your life.
The concepts of minimalism and simplicity—as a way of life and discovered that anyone could be happy, but it wasn’t through owning more stuff, it wasn’t through accumulation. You can take back control of your lives so you can focus on what’s important, so you can focus on life’s deeper meaning. Happiness, as far as we are concerned, is achieved through living a meaningful life, a life that is filled with passion and freedom, a life in which we can grow as individuals and contribute to other people in meaningful ways. Growth and contribution: those are the bedrocks of happiness. Not stuff. Humans are happy if we are growing as individuals and if we are contributing beyond ourselves. Without growth, and without a deliberate effort to help others, we are just slaves to cultural expectations, ensnared by the trappings of money and power and status and perceived success. You deserve to be happy. You deserve to live a meaningful life.
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section four: EXPERIENCE
For us, it all started with a lingering discontent. A few years ago, while approaching age 30, we had achieved everything that was supposed to make us happy: great six-figure jobs, luxury cars, oversized houses, and all the stuff to clutter every corner of our consumer-driven lifestyles. And yet with all that stuff, we weren’t satisfied with our lives. We weren’t happy. There was a gaping void, and working 70–80 hours a week just to buy more stuff didn’t fill the void: it only brought more debt, stress, anxiety, fear, loneliness, guilt, overwhelm, and depression. What’s worse, we didn’t have control of our time, and thus didn’t control our own lives. So, in 2010, we took back control using the principles of minimalism to focus on what’s important.
We’ve been fortunate enough to establish an audience of more than 20 million people. We have spoken at Harvard Business School, Apple, and several large conferences (SXSW, TEDx, World Domination Summit), as well as many smaller venues, including churches, colleges, corporate groups, libraries, soup kitchens, and various non-profit organizations. On May 24, 2016, our documentary, Minimalism, was released in 400+ theatres in the United States and Canada, opening as the #1 indie documentary of 2016.
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In 2011, we left our corporate careers at age 30. After publishing our first book, Minimalism: Live a Meaningful Life, we went on an international book tour and eventually began contributing to people through our online writing classes and private mentoring sessions.
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section four: EXPERIENCE
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section four: EXPERIENCE
I walk outside and I see typography everywhere. All messages are different, and they’re everywhere. Typography is painting with words. That’s my biggest high.
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People can create an immense power. You’re working with things that create character. you’re working with weight. You’re working with height and before you read anything, you have a sensibility and spirit. That’s it, if you combine that with the meaning, can you’ve created a work of art.
I could never walk into an office and sit down at my desk to design, I wouldn’t accomplish nothing. Ideas come all kinds of ways. I get my best idea in taxicabs, you know, like sitting in traffic, drooling. I’m allowing my subconscious to take over so I can free associate. you have to be in a state of play to design. If you’re not in a state of play, you can’t make anything. I used to paint my fonts by hand, when I was a young designer, and I really miss it. Well we became fully computerised in the late 90s, I Didn’t catch anything and I didn’t use my hands. In the past, I cut things up, I ripped things, I pasted things. I touched art supplies. That physical force was huge for me, and that’s why I started painting.
PAULA
Graphic designer Paula Scher paints with words, developing the visual language of iconic brands and institutions around the world.
SCHER
“I was happiest when I was making things.”
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Then, I was at the Tyler School of Art studying Illustration, I fell in love with typography in a way I didn’t expect to. I was influenced by contemporary culture. Zig-zag rolling papers, Zap comics, underground newspapers and magazines and record covers. Those are the the things that I really wanted to do. They spoke to me.
I combined the illustration with typography that related to the illustration or contrasted it. Mostly what I design are identity systems. They have to exist in varies of ways. I generally try to want to push something as far as it can be pushed. I’ve started trying to create a process in the identities that I make, where I go back and revisit them in five or ten years, because sometimes they need altering. It’s hard to make that guess and so you want to design something that can be adapted to its time.
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section four: EXPERIENCE
Watching designers generate their ideas has always fascinated me. I’ve always wondered “where do they come up with this?” In the strangest place, the best creations tend to happen. Looking at the world through Paula Scher, she views everything as type. Look at object or buildings a certain way, she is able to pull things out to create a new typeface or brand. I never really noticed how much typography actually surrounds us from street signs to store windows. They all serve a purpose, to get a message across.
For me the best thoughts for anything happen in the shower, unfortunately whenever I get out of the stream of great ideas and into the icy cold. I lose my train of thought and the ideas with it. If only there was some way for me to get it down before it’s gone. I want to be able to experiment more with typography and I play it safe to often. But from what I have learnt, taking a risk and being playful ends in a better result and visually more appealing.
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section four: EXPERIENCE
EXPERIENCE
section four: The exploration of finding happiness in the home.
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section four: EXPERIENCE
10% happier. 48
DAN HARRIS
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section four: EXPERIENCE
As a young ambitious 28 years old, working as an anchor for ABC News. He through himself into the job a way of compensating his insecurities. After the massive tragedy of 9/11, went overseas to cover ensuing conflicts in Iraq and Iran. Spending a lot of time in these countries he did not think about the physiological consequences. He fell depressed and started to self- medicate himself on recreational drugs. His doctor said this was enough to provoke a panic attack on live T.V. in front of 5 million people. Harris states that it was “the single most humiliating moment of my life.” From there he came across Buddhism and found originally came up with that brilliant diagnosis of the way the mind works. If you can get past the cultural baggage, though, If find youis can get pastisthe cultural baggage, though, what you’ll find what you’ll that meditation simply exercise is that meditation is simply exercise for your brain. It’s a proven for your brain. It’s a proven technique for preventing the voice technique in your head from leading you around by for preventing the voice in your head from leading the nose. In my experience, meditation makes you you around by the nose. In my experience, meditation makes 10% happier and has even been called the “new youscience 10% happier and even been called the “new caffeine.” caffeine.” This challenges thehas common This science challenges the common assumption that our levels assumption that our levels of happiness, resilience, and kindness are set from birth. of happiness, resilience, and kindness are set from birth. The pursuit of happiness becomes the source of our unhappiness.
• major depression • drug addiction • binge eating • smoking cessation • stress among cancer patients • loneliness among senior citizens • ADHD • asthma • psoriasis • irritable bowel syndrome Studies also indicated that meditation reduced reduced Studies also indicated that meditation levels of stress boosted the immune levels hormones, of stress hormones, boosted the immune system, made office workers focused, system, made officemore workers more and focused, and improvedimproved test scores onscores. the GRE. test What the science was showing was that our levels of well-being, resilience, and impulse control were not simply God-given traits, our portion of which we had to accept as a fait accompli. The brain, the organ of experience, through which our entire lives are led, can be trained. Happiness is a skill. As the Buddhists liked to point out, everyone wants the same thing—happiness—but we all go about it with varying levels of skill.
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On my travels to various Buddhist seminars, I had started to hear mentions of scientific research into meditation. It sounded promising, so I checked it out. What I found blew my mind. Meditation, once part of the counterculture, had now fully entered the scientific mainstream. It had been subjected to thousands of studies, suggesting an almost laughably long list of health benefits, including salutary effects on the following:
section four: EXPERIENCE
Platon’s fearless portraits capture the souls of world leaders and ordinary people. Im not really a photographer at all. The camera is nothing more than a tool. Communication, simplicity, shapes on page. What’s important is the story, the message, the feeling. The connection. How do you make this reach people? It’s a combination of graphic simplicity and the power of spirit and soul. It’s design.
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Taking a picture is very technical, but Taking picture is verythat technical, but 99.9% is 99.9% is spenta on this connection spent on this connection that allows me to reach allows me to reach someone and through that connection, there’s just a someone and through that connection, there’s just chance you’re going to feel something a chance you’re going to feel something too. too. My father was an architect and he used to do these beautiful drawings in pen and ink. I grew up with this sort of black and white aesthetic in my head. It was bold. My deep respect for form and positive and negative space comes from studying Frank Lloyd Wright’s idea of compression and expansion. These are the lessons I’ve put into my work. I’m extremely dyslexic. So for me, a very complex world has to be simplified. Design was a way out of confusion. Because great design simplifies a very complicated world.
PLA
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Simple. Bold. Clear. That’s how you end up with a Platon picture.
TON
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section four: EXPERIENCE
This was more or less an experience and quite eye opening. Much like Platon I prefer using film as you capture a raw moment that is unedited and unspoken. You simply have to enjoy what is given in front of you. His technique is simple yet within each one of his photos he is able to get great detail out of them. The eyes are what draw you in, the whole image basically speaks to you and is very open and a little confronting. The fact that he has so many influences around him even from a young age he was able to find his sense of direction and place. Simplicity is design and through this you are making the world a less chaotic. Throughout this process I was able to find so many new ways to be inspired, like at home, during a ride or simply just exploring the world around you. I hope to eventually find my place and let my work captivate someone, somehow. But ultimately I wish to be content with whatever I put out there.
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NOTES Page 9-12
Dolan, P 2014, Happiness by Design, 1st ed, Hudson Street Press, New York, New York, pg. 26-29, 31, 38-40, 47, 60-61, 63, 83, 108, 131-132, 140, 146-147, 155, 166, 168, 185-187.
Page 15-18
Towers, A 2015, “New study shows that music can make you happier”, Newsarchive.medill.northwestern.edu, <http://newsarchive.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news-222569.html>. Mozes, A 2015, “You Can Actually Smell Happiness, According to One Study”, Health.com, <http://www.health.com/mind-body/do-people-transmit-happiness-by-smell>.
Page 24-26
Verily Magazine 2013, “The Art of Tea by Kathy Yl Chan”, VERILY MAGAZINE, issue. June/July 2013, pg. 78-79. African Sunset Loose Tea, 2013, photograph, <https://www.twoleavestea.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/490x445/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/a/f/african-sunset-loose-tea-spoon.jpg> Tea Fermentation, 2015, photograph, <http://www.sheilakealey.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/256px-Tea_in_different_grade_of_fermentation-e1433989317645.jpg>
Page 27-28
Abstract: The Art of Design, episode 1: Christoph Niemann - Illustration, Series Producer: Sabrina Roma, 2017, Netflix, Web, 10 February 2017 Christoph Niemann, 2015 photograph, <https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/516590817767481346/F_jV-fNv_400x400.png>.
Page 33-36
Millburn, J & Nicodemus, R 2011, Minimalism: Essential Essays, 1st ed, Assymetrical Press, Missoula, Montana, pg. 9, 11-13, 21-23.
Page 39-40
Abstract: The Art of Design, episode 6: Paula Scher - Graphic Design, Series Producer Sabrina Roma, 2017, Netflix, Web, 10 February 2017 Paula-Scher, 2017, photograph, <https://art-s.nflximg.net/ff55d/a302d7231cf7360e5bb89a01f76b13dccb2ff55d.jpg>.
Page 46-48
Harris, Dan, 2014, “10% Happier, 1st ed, HarperCollins, New York, New York ” pg. 9, 100, 182-183, 186, 204, 235
Page 49-50
Abstract: The Art of Design, episode 7: Platon- Photography, Series Producer Sabrina Roma, 2017, Netflix, Web, 10 February 2017 Platon Portrait, photograph, Norman Jean Roy, 2008, <http://wavelength.focuscamera.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/platon-4-800x980.jpg>.