DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2016 TRIANGULATED COMFORT Cassandra Seow 759925 Michelle Emma James, Studio 5
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CONTENT 1.0 Ideation
1.1 Object 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.2 Volume 1.3 Sketch design proposal
2.0 Design
2.1 Design development intro 2.2 Digitization + Design proposal v.1 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal v.2: 2.5 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects:
3.0 Fabrication
3.1 Fabrication intro 3.2 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v2 3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v3 3.4 Final Prototype development + optimisation 3.5 Final Digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Completed 2nd Skin
4.0 Reflection 5.0 Appendix 5.1 Credits 5.2 Bibliography 5
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Introduction
To build a sleeping pod with the concept of panel and folding is not an easy task, and throughout the three modules and explorations, my understanding for this concept together with one’s personal space has deepen. The design of this sleeping pod widely explores how simple geometrical forms can be bent and folded into complex ones and how it relates to the personal space of a human body.
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1.0 IDEATION The very first module of this project, I chose the pineapple which is the concept of panel and folding. Throughout this module, I have explored and researched the tectonics of how it is composed and the main elements that contribute to the panel and folding part. Looking at it from a different point of view, I’ve discovered many interesting concepts.
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1.1 OBJECT
14.5cm
12.7cm
ELEVATION
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SECTION
For the elevation of the pineapple, it was placed on paper and roughly traced using the sides of the pineapple as a guide. To increase the accuracy, tape measure was used to go around the pineapple to get the height and circumference of it. Due to its rounded edge and irregular surface, tape measure was the best choice to measure it accurately. As for the section, I wanted to get a better look and get more details for the inside so it was cut in half. It is also then drawn on paper using the same method for the drawing of the elevation. For the top part of the pineapple, it was photographed from the top to get the detailing of the individual diamond shapes. After printing out the picture, tracing paper was used to trace over it, and also using measurements from the tape measure.
3.7cm TOP
SCALE 1:1 on A4 paper.
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1.1 OBJECT (Digital Model)
ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE
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TOP
Digital Model Process
A 3D sphere is created and then transformed to a more oval shape using gumball, adjusting its size based on the pineapple.
Using grid utility, offset points is chosen to aid with the the custom panel grid 3D, which is to add the hexagonal shape all around.
With the help of panelling tool, a panelling grid is created using surface domain number. Then, the a 6-sided truncated pyramid is made to form the hexagonal patterns of the pineapple.
The distance between each hexagonal shapes are then adjusted to make it as close as possible but still showing the green base, like how a real pineapple does.
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16.4cm
1.2 OBJECT SYSTEM ANALYSIS
For the analysis, I have decided to core the pineapple and remove all the filling inside, just to have the flat skin laying on the surface. As it was not completely flat after coring, it was laid flat in between two very heavy books to completely flatten it, and it was left for a day. After observing, the hexagonal pattern swirls around the pineapple and the flaps on it fold, which gives it volume and dimension. Despite that, the sprouts are somehow aligned in one direction and swirls around the whole pineapple. The sprouts gave me inspiration, with is slight elevation from the flat surface, it creates volume and that is what I have taken into note for my reconfigured object.
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25.6cm
PLAN 1:1
33.4cm
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1.3 VOLUME (Reconfigured Object)
Panel and Fold - Overlapping hexagonal shapes that creates a textured skin
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For my reconfigured object, I have created a 3 dimensional skin which incorporates both panel and folding. Panel being the hexagonal shapes of different sizes and folding being that they are folded at different angles which creates different volumes. This 3D skin will cover all around the sleeping pod and gives it an edgy look. The elevation from the flat surface is inspired by the pineapple sprouts and I have made it more subtle instead of spiky.
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1.3 SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL
PROPOSAL 1 : Spikey, Awareness, Protection
Using triangular and hexagonal shapes, the 3D skin covers whole of the sleeping pod and the spikes send a message of “Do not come near me” which lets the sleeper to have their personal space. Also, the glass covering the sleeper is a one way glass so people would not be able to see in. The sleeper would have their own private space when they still know whats happening around them. PROPOSAL 2 : Social but Private, Secluded
This sleeping pod can be used for one person or two people. For people who knows each other, they can rest together. For strangers, there’s a panel in between of them to provide personal privacy. The reason of the difference in height between the head and legs part are because people tend to feel more at ease when they have a larger breathing space. It would not feel too claustraphobic. Again, the panel and fold texture would be present as the base of the sleeping pod. In terms of personal space, the person will feel secluded . 18
For this design, it slightly differs from the 2 before as for this, I want the sleeper to be completely cut off from the outside world. It is more sleek looking and futuristic. Panel and fold is shown as how the panel on top of the head is folded across, covering the whole body up. The sliding panel can be left closed or open depends on the sleeper’s liking.
PROPOSAL 3 : Full privacy, Comfort, Futuristic
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M1 REFLECTION At first, I did not really understand the point of this module and what I am supposed to get out of it. But after further exploration, I found it very useful to further develop my project. Starting from a very simple pineapple, I have discovered the individual diamond shapes (panel) have a certain pattern to it. It goes around the pineapple in one direction and the sprouts on it and fold towards the panel. I have learnt how to accurately measure a non-flat surface and how to draw it to scale. It was very interesting to analyse the individual components of the pineapple, from the skin to the core. However, as I could not find a pineapple with the crown attached, I have missed that part. Perhaps I could take this further and analysed it more in detail as I felt that my analysis was quite vague. Moving on to the rhino model, it was my very first time using a digital software to model something, as I usually model everything by hand. It was hard to learn at first but all the online tutorials helped a lot. I could have improved more on the model to make it look more like a pineapple, like what I have saw on other people’s work. Also, moving on to the sketch designs, I was wrong at first because I had a preconceived idea of how a sleeping pod should look like, and that had restricted me from creating other designs that challenge the brief and would have looked more interesting. I have learnt that a sleeping pod does not have to be a pod, it could be a cover or even a portable thing that one can carry around anywhere. And with this thought in mind, I have changed my idea for M2. By having zero knowledge of all these computer softwares and digital layout designs, I reckon I have pushed myself to do my best for M1.
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2.0 DESIGN Group : Jil Ee Tan With feedback from the M2, I have eliminated my preconceived idea of how a sleeping pod should look like and explored how it should relate to the human body and personal space. The combination of ideas between my group mate and I really helped both of us in progressing into our final design. We focused mainly on comfort for this module and how dark colors will help a person sleep better, by using environmentally friendly materials. From really rough sketch designs to a workable 1:1 scale prototype, we can start to visualise how our final prototype would look like.
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2.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION Basically, we came up with 2 individual ideas and combined them for our final design. The first one is a foldable sleeping bag which is portable and lightweight. It is a flat pattern that consist of multiple diamond shapes. The retractable skin can be pulled out like a blanket when in used. The second design, is a slanting sleeping wall embedded inside the wall. This saves space and only the feet would be sticking out from the wall, and the other parts of the body will be inside the wall. The back is supported with hexagonal patterns that are folded against each other to create the volume to support the back. In terms of personal spcae, the foldable sleeping bag covers the whole body to provide maximum privacy, where as the slanding sleeping pod exposes the legs. This is because we think that the feet needs lesser protection in terms of personal space compared to other parts of the body. FIRST DESIGN SECOND DESIGN
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ELEVATION
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
By incorporating both designs, we created a sleeping pod that uses both walls and the ground for support. The diamond shaped cushions are stuck against the wall and the ground. Beside both arms, there will be soft cushions that can be folded into and towards the body to protect the chest area, whenever the user wants to get out, he or she just has to tear off the velcro that is attached to the cushions, The top part that covers the head can also be folded to cover the face as we think that when a person sleeps, the face would not want to be seen. In our opinion, the head part and the chest part are the areas that need to be covered most in terms of personal space and privacy.
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2.2 DIGITIZATION + DESIGN PROPOSAL
1st : Hexagonal patterns that overlap each other to create volume
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2nd : Triangular patterns that fold at different angles to create volume and dimension
By using both techniques of overlapping and folding, we created an outer folding skin that attaches onto the cushion so it can be folded. It does not only make it aesthetically pleasing, but also it can be folded in different ways to create the desired design.
By replicating geometry shapes, we are able to create continuous folding pattern on our design.
Headpiece can be folded over the head to cover the head, as it is the part of the body that needs the most protection Retractable blanket can be chosen to cover whole body if user feels cold
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2.2 DIGITIZATION + DESIGN PROPOSAL
ELEVATION VIEW
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SIDE VIEW
PLAN VIEW
Black cushion stuffed with recycled plastic bags is chosen as the main material for comfort and environmental friendly reasons. For back bone and torso support, bulkier cushions are added for extra comfort. This user-friendly sleeping pod enables the users to just crawl into sit-up postiions and comfortably lean backwards.
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2.2 DIGITIZATION + DESIGN PROPOSAL
Overlapping
triangles cut through and intersect each other and creates a foldable skin, which in this case is a blanket for the user. Not only aesthetically pleasing, but the points also give an impression of “do not come near me� to othaer people. 30
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2.3 PRECEDENT RESEARCH
FOLDING_MOVEMENT_VOLUME_GEOMETRY
Description of precedent This fabric like structure with solid triangles stuck on it by Eliza Stozyk is very unique. By using the system panel and folding, the technique is fully utilized to fold the fabric at different angles and thus creates different volume, The effect that is created is irregular folding patterns that inspires us to make our sleeping pod. In our sleeping pod, we have used this technique in both our head cover and blanket. For example, the head cover of the sleeping pod is retractable or foldable, where the user can choose to expand it to cover their face. This applies to the foldable blanket too, When the user feels cold, he or she can just pull the blanket to cover their whole body. The technique of follding makes the retractable head cover and blanket go back to its original shape in no time.
Wooden Textile by Elisa Strozyk
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This precedent inspired us in the design of our sleeping pod exterior. After experimenting the precedent texture on our own, we found that by using the precedent concept, we will be able to fullfill the concept of panelling and folding. By repeating triangular shapes on the skin in a certain arrangement, the flat pattern will can be volumised in desired shapes and sculpt the sleeping pod into a proper shape.
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2.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL V.2 (Design Development)
With the exploration on grasshopper, we are able to replicate the triangular pattern by using the command TriGrid and CPoly. Grasshopper enables us to create irregular pattern of triangles on a surface without having to do the slow way on Rhino. After adjusting the number slider, I baked the pattern and screenshot it on Rhino.
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After getting the 3D shape, individual pyramids are created and stuck on the sleeping bag’s blanket. All the pyramids are stuck close next to each other to create a less rigid surface. The intersection between each pyramid creates a smooth joint and thus creating the overall effect. Using polyline, the sleeping bag was traced out and a filleted rectangle was then joined together using BooleanUnion. After that, all the curves and surfaces were extruded to make it 3D.
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2.5 PROTOTYPE V.1 + TESTING EFFECTS
Enlarged view of prototype cushion
Prior to personal space, we used the material black plastic bags for complete darkness and glossy effect on the external skin. This cushy skin is foldable and different diamond shapes are repeatedly used as the second skin. Users are able to arrange the sleeping pod shape according to their most comfortable sleeping postition.
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Our achievement to this second skin aims to provide not only comfort, but also physical extra space in terms of personal space. By putting comfort as the first priority, we created cushions stuffed with a generous amount of garbage bags under the second skin. Dark colour fabric is chosen to provide complete darkness so that the user can be kept away from the environment like light and the sights of passerbys.
To keep the vulnerable part of the bodies covered, extra cushions act as blanket across the body is created. Head cover worn over the head will be supported by the second skin, providing users breathing space underneath the skin.
SLEEPING POD CLOSED WHEN IN USE
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The process of user getting out from the sleeping pod
M2 REFLECTION Following through M2, we have confirmed how our final prototype would look like and to have a 1:1 scale built model, it really helped us to discover what works and what does not. Our brainstorm session has led us to combine both our designs from M1 and further improve it to comply more with the concept of panel and folding. Starting from using recycled garbage bags, it confirmed us with the overall shape and size of each individual cushions and the overall sleeping pod shape. Although it does not look aesthetically pleasing, it was merely a concept model to showcase our ideas. And to improve that, we added the second element of our sleeping pod which is the geometrically scored foamcore board. Mainly getting inspiration from the texture of a pineapple, we used the boards to fold the cushions to follow the body shape. However, most of the scored boards were cut at random and does not really function, quite redundant actually. It looked like random boards were just stuck onto the cushions. We had to think of how we should score it so each part can be folded and none of it were random and non-functional pieces. Other than that, the thought of having it to interact with to the wall and floor of MSD made it even harder as we had to think of how it can be stuck onto the wall without it falling. As that was our major problem, it falling by itself. Reflecting back to the problems that we had, we had a really strong and good concept but it was just the execution of it that held us back. We felt that the only strong point of this module is that we managed to really quickly execute a 1:1 scale model so we could really test the effects.
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3.0 FABRICATION Group : Jil Ee Tan In this module, we have discovered that digital fabrication really helped us in executing our final prototype. There are two versions of prototypes in this module, one digitally fabricated and one without. The difference is really obvious and it shows how the use of digital fabrication works wonders on simple projects. Another level of sophistication and elegance is added to our project because of it. It increases the overall accuracy of each element and makes it look “sellable�.
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3.1 INTRODUCTION
Basically, our sleeping pod focuses more on comfort and the concept of personal space by covering the important parts of the body while sleeping. Hand sewn cushions are folded by the triangular panels made of foamcore board. The scoring method gave us the ultimate effect of folding. However, the feedback that we got was the panels do not really relate to the human body and it was very random. Also, the cushions were very flimsy and could not stand. So in M3, we have decided to revamp and redesign our whole sleeping pod by turning it into a blanket shape. As blankets are very flimsy and cannot support itself, we just used the concept of the functionality of a blanket – which is to cover the body. Therefore, we have used laser cut to cut out individual triangles and connecting them with cable ties to create a steadier type of a “blanket”. As for the comfort part, the inside of this wooden blanket is covered with a thick sheet of fabric, so that the users would not feel the hard wood. Not only this new design relates more to the human body, it can fold accordingly too.
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NEW DESIGN OF OUR SLEEPING POD
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3.2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT + FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE V2
To redesign the triangle panel on the pillow, we experimented it on a smaller scale cushion. Instead of just randomly pasting the triangle panels on the cushions, we decided to shape them according to human bodies. We found out that by scoring larger shaped triangles rather than smaller ones, it is easier to fold and can bend more towards the shape of the human body.
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Updated Rhino Model
ISOMETRIC OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY PLAN
ISOMETRIC VIEWS
ELEVATION OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
ELEVATION
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3.3 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT + FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE V3
For this prototype, we have used cable ties to join the individual triangles together to make a pentagon shape. By using cable ties, it gives us the flexibility that we want compared to using other connections such as thread or rubberbands. Also, we found out it is the best to bend when it is connected at both ends instead of one single joint in the middle. The holes were drilled accordingly, and it depended on how we wanted to bend the triangles. The closer the holes are, the easier it is to bend and fold.
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3.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT + OPTIMISATION
There are 2 main elements that make up this wooden blanket. Both the triangles are equilateral triangles that differ in size. The big ones make up the pentagon and the small ones make up the individual squares. The pentagons can be considered as the backbone and main supporting element for the blanket, and the small triangles are used when there is hard to connect joints, which provides more flexibility than the pentagons.
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The smaller triangles are 7cm each side, to make it easier to connect to the large triangle. This way, 2 triangles can make up one side and this will increase the flexibility of folding the whole structure.
14cm
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3.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT + OPTIMISATION JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
1st experiment : Connections using thread and tape
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2nd experiment : Connections using cable ties We found out that by using cable ties, more felxibility can be achieved and it is more stable compared to using thread. The thread connections would loosen after time but the cable ties would stay in place. Also, if thread was used, we need to combine that with tape and it consumes more time. And to make it more aesthetically pleasing, the transparent cable ties are more eye pleasing compared to the thread ones.
Relating to the human body From the feedback we got for M2. We related the whole structure towards the human body and created this so called “pentagonal backbone structure� that supports the whole wooden blanket. It runs from the head part all the way to the hip. Also, more pentagons are placed at the neck area because it needs ultimate support and is considered the most vulnerable part of the body.
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3.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT + OPTIMISATION PRECEDENTS & READINGS INFLUENCE : “WOOD SKIN”
I really like the concept of “Wood Skin” and how it really relates to panel and folding. This wood skin, developed by Mamma Fotogramma in Milan, is an architectural material which can create complex geometric shapes with a wooden surface. They used CNC cutting to cut triangular panels of plywood to a layer of vinyl mesh, creating a highly flexible sheet, but also the hardness of wood. Using the similar concept, we have taken inspiration and created our own “wooden blanket” and has substituted the vinyl mesh with cable ties.
“Wood Skin” by MammaFotogramma
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By using digital 2D fabrication, it made us explore more of tectonics and new geometries. The folding of the planar triangles made it self supporting because of its stiffness and rigidity. It expands the surface due to its natural deformation and inflection. Despite that, by folding these triangular panels, it is materially economical, aesthetically pleasing and effective at many scales.
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3.5 FINAL DIGITAL MODEL
SIDE VIEWS
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PERSPECTIVE VIEWS 55
3.6 FABRICATION SEQUENCE
Overall, there were 2 elements that ties this whole project together, which were the larger triangles (14cm) and the smaller ones triangles were used to connect more complex joints to provide maximum flexibility. They were also inserted at points where the pen for temporary connections. After confirming the overall structure of the wooden skin, all of the elements were cable-tied together.
Initially, we were supposed to attach the wooden skin to the cushions but the weight of it has caused us many problems. One of th thick black felt blanket to cover the inner part of the wooden skin (as seen in the last picture) to provide comfort for the user. Altho
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s (7cm). As said before, the larger triangles were used to build pentagons and to form the backbone of the structure. The smaller ntagons could not connect. We tried to wrap it around the head part to fix the shape we wanted to tie it to and used masking tape .
hem is it was easily detachable from the cushions because it was too thick. Therefore we chose to change our plan. We used a very ough it was not as comfortable as the initial design, but it was good enough to work.
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3.7 COMPLETED 2ND SKIN
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M3 REFLECTION M3 was a big turning point for both of us, from the design that we were so keen and confirmed with to a completely new one. The feedback that we’ve got for M3 was not the most desirable one and in fact it was quite bad. Although we have changed some of the elements to it but aesthetically, it was not pleasing at all. We were quite stuck for a few days and was thinking if we should whip up a completely new design but having the same concept. Having to fail our initial design, we researched more and deeper into the concept of panel and folding. Because we did not use digital fabrication for the cushion sleeping pod, it really showed all the flaws and made it very tacky and amateur looking. With the help of laser cutting, we finally achieved what we think is very similar to our precedent, the “wood skin”. To be able to come up with a new design and fabricate it in the span of two weeks before the official photo-shoot was definitely a challenge, but also a form of motivation for us to make our final prototype better. The main lesson we learnt throughout this module was if one idea does not work, try looking it at a different point of view, there will be certain aspects that won’t appear at the first glance but continuous exploration would lead into something better. Also ditching the cushions and replacing it with a thick felt blanket was the best choice we have ever made. Because of that, everything was finally tied together. The problem of the wood and cushion weight was resolved, and it became self -supporting. We were really happy with our final outcome, despite regretting that we should have done this earlier. But oh well, we would not come about to this final design if we did not fail our initial one.
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4.0 REFLECTION Oh my! What a journey this subject has been. It was truly an amazing experience and also my first time in trying a lot of the new things! Credits to my wonderful tutor Michelle Emma James for the guidance and motivation throughout the whole project. Would not have done it without her! Looking back at M1, it felt very confusing and mind-boggling as I was new to everything. But as time progresses and more guidance was given, it all started to make sense. My perceptions of design have completely changed and knowing that design does not have boundaries, I can basically create anything that I want! My M1 module was lacking research and creativity, which is why everything was very amateur and boring. Progressing to M2, I got paired with my friend and having a group mate is not a bad thing after all. Throughout all the discussions, we learn something new from each other every single time and it keeps our design ideas going. Although we had arguments and disagreements, that was what improved our overall design. In the process of resolving all our disagreements and issues, we found out the root of the problem and found a definite solution for it. We are able to help each other with of our own strengths and improve each other’s weaknesses, and that is what I feel most grateful for. Other than that, we have learnt a lot about materiality, the effect of it towards the human body and digital software skills. I can proudly say that my skills in Rhino 3D and InDesign have greatly improved because of this subject! Also, the most important thing that I have learnt throughout the semester is that design and manufacturing come hand in hand. To be able to design is one thing, to manufacture it requires a new set of skills which I have now adopted from this subject. In M3, the two designs that I had clearly showed the difference when one is digitally fabricated and when one is not. Learning how to digitally fabricate throughout this subject really comes in handy and I bet it would be very useful for me in my future subjects and even in my career. The work that one has to put in to really make a project presentable to clients is huge!
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If I were given a chance again to recreate and redesign this project, I could improve in so many aspects because now I have the basic skills. First of all, my measured drawings could be so much better and accurate if I were to use digital softwares such as AutoCad or Rhino 3D. Also, to ditch my preconceived idea of how a sleeping pod should look like would really allow me to create more crazy designs, and really challenge the brief of a sleeping pod and how one can sleep. Moving on, perhaps the initial prototype could have been more well-crafted. Although the prototype made out of recycled garbage bags was environmentally friendly, it was not eye pleasing. The cushions could have been sewn using a sewing machine instead of using hand, to make it look more neat and tidy. And of course, to use digital fabrication in the early stage of M3. One of the reasons why we failed our cushion design is because we did not adopt the use of digital fabrication and it ended up look ing like there was no further development to it. In conclusion, this project was definitely a challenging one but I have learnt a lot from it. Shifting from manual designs like rough hand sketches to accurate 3D modelling on computer was an interesting shift but it clearly showed in the final prototype. If my groupmate and I did not use digital fabrication, the final outcome would have been way worse. Because of the techniques that we have learnt, our final prototype succeeded. Really enjoyed this subject but also feeling very bittersweet that it has come to an end, it was a very enjoyable subject and project.
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5.0 Appendix
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5.1 CREDITS CREDITS Page Cover
Drawings
Computation
Model Fabrication Model Assembly
Photography
Writing
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5.2 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Iwamoto, L 2009, Digital Fabrications: Architectural and Material Techniques, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, Selected Extracts • Kolarevic, B 2003, “Digital Production” in Architecture in the Digital Age - Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London, pp30-54 • Mickiewicz, M, 2013, WoodSkin, viewed 6 June 2016, https://www.prote.in/feed/woodskin • Strozyk, E, 2016, Wooden Plaid, viewed May 2016, http://www.elisastrozyk.de/seite/tablerunners-gestalten. html
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