Jamaica Constabulary Force [JCF] & Jamaica Defense Force [JDF] Treatment of Poorer Jamaicans. Police + Soldiers harming Jamaican. Social Scientist +Criminological Research.

INEQUALITY AND JCF [Police] & JDF [Soldiers] USE OF DEADLY FORCE: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF A CONFLICT AND CONSENSUS THEORY,

HYPOTHESIS OF Jamaica Constabulary Force [JCF] AND The Jamaica Defence Force [JDF]: with its Citizens & Residence.

R.A.Blake., B.A x 2 [Hons]., M.A.CJ.

1 INEQUALITY BY JCF [Police] & JDF [Soldiers] WITH THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE

AGAINST THOSE FROM JAMAICA LOWER SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS [SES]:AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF CONFLICT AND CONSENSUS HYPOTHESIS.

R. A. Blake M.A.C.J. [Dual Hons] in Criminology and Psychology. M.A. in Criminal Justice.Criminologist/ Criminal Psychologist/ Researcher/Social Scientist/CriminalJustice/Lecturer/Mentor, Probation and Parole Counsel,etc.

Abstract

In this research article, it has to be noted and pointed out that Criminologists over the many decades have debated how violence impacts our society. Many in the field minimise the role of violence, only stressing interdependence and consensus as to the formula for social order. It was said that every member of society benefited from the existing social order.

One must also note internal force [s] is [are] only needed when the irrational or imperfectsocial elements are needed to be restrained. Social elements in this research refers to citizens andresidents of Jamaica.

On the other hand, there is an opposite view that violence is the primary force that keeps society together. One must make mention that, Inequality is unnatural, due to this imbalance it has to be maintained through force. Introducing Conflict and Consensus Theory, the theorists also debate the nature of the state [the country, the 'law' or the government].

Thus, allowing more violence in those areas. The soldiers are then sent to do police work, withmaybe one or no uniform clad police officers, thus normalising the soldiers also as 'PeaceOfficers-the original name for Police Officers.

There has been non or limited research or review conducted on this time. A small case file, compared to the real statistics, is that persons are afraid to report wrongdoings by the same ones who are supposed to serve and protect. Little cooperation and bias among departments of the Jamaican criminal justice system, have hampered research concerning social divisions and the amount of violence conducted by the police. There has been a company set up by Indecom for the past years whose aim is to bring justice to those who have been injured, maimed or killed by JCF and JDF. That being said, their 'hands are tied', in some instances-due to corruption, misplacement and compromising evidence, witness intimidations amongst numerous other factors.

Alternative Causal Factors and Their Measurement

❖ Police are more likely to use deadly force in violent prone areas.

❖ An index was created based on violent crime rates and how many riots[block roads/ 'We want justice' marches] in the country that would involve police violence.

❖ The crime rate came from 2010 and 2020 stats on violent crimes reported by Indecom, JCF, MOJ and other Governmental and NGO agencies.

❖ Results will show the poor have more control of the state, they are more likely than getting killed by the police.

❖ Minorities have less influence and are less likely to protect themselves, employing the law. However, they may take the law into their own hands.

Reference

➢ Blake, R (2017) Why Are Black People Over-represented within the Criminal Justice System. Is there a difference between the UK vs USA? A Criminological and Psychological Approach.

➢ Wacquant, L. (2008) Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Urban Geography: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp.

➢ Wacquant, L. (2008). Ghettos and Anti-Ghettos: An Anatomy of New Urban Poverty.

➢ Reports – The Independent Commission of Investigations [website], https://www.indecom.gov.jm/reports. (Accessed March and August 2022). ➢ Jamaica Constabulary Force: Home.[website]., https://jcf.gov.jm, (Accessed Jan

1st-17th August 2022). ➢ Jamaica Defence Force, [website],https://www.jdfweb.com, (Accessed Jan

Author's Note.

CaSSSociety -Jamaica and Caribbean Social Sciences Society. [JSA] Jamaica /Caribbean Criminological Association/Society. Criminology/Criminal Justice and Social Science Society. An initiative/Program I created to assist Jamaican Victims, Offenders, other Social Scientist and the Criminal Justice System on a whole.

Acknowledgment: Thank you to all secondary and primary sources for this paper.Great gratitude to all the participants and clients to those who took part. Acknowledgments and Salutations to you one and all. This full research should be published between Dec 2022 and March 2023.