[collaborative housing project] DESIGN CODE
AD7604 JULY 2018 CATHERINE LAIDLAW
1 Introduction 2
1.1 Site context 1.2 Vision
5
2 3
Design Principles
5
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
Settlement typologies Site appraisal Outline strategic masterplan Character areas
5 7 8 9
3.1 3.2 3.3
Street hierarchy Vehicular movement Cycling and walking movement
11 12 12
3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
Public transport Character of the Primary routes Character of the Secondary routes Character of the Tertiary routes Character of the Traffic-free routes
Built form
13 14 14 15 16
18
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Scale and density Terraced Cohousing Character Older Persons Cohousing Character Littledean Hill Road Cohousing Self build character
Green infrastructure
18 19 21 22 23
25
5.2 5.1
Community green spaces Sustainable drainage
25 25
6.1 6.2 6.3
Hard landscape - streetscape Hard landscape materials palette - buildings Soft landscape
3 Movement
4
2
6 Materials
11
27 27 27 28
7 Delivery 30 References 32
1
Introduction
1.1 Site context The Cinderford East site lies to the south-east of Cinderford in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire. The site sits between Cinderford, a town with a population of about 8,000 people, and the village of Littledean, which is one of the oldest villages in the Forest.
Fig.1 Site location and extent
The site is bordered by the A4151 on its east and south edges, and Littledean Hill Road to the north-east. The furthest edge of the site is approximately 1km from the town centre. The Cinderford East project consists of a 39 hectare site made up of mostly poor grade agricultural land that borders Cinderford and Littledean parishes and will be used to develop up to 500 houses. The western edge of the site bordering Littledean Hill Road is generally flat and then slopes gradually towards its eastern edge where it meets the village of Littledean. The Forest of Dean Landscape Strategy identified the site as having high capacity for dwellings based on the following attributes: • • • • •
Utilises poor grade agricultural land. Located near to A and B road. Large portions of the site have a southerly aspect. Majority of the site has a slope less than 10o. Proximity to Cinderford contributes to Policy CSP4, reinforcing the existing settlement pattern and emphasising the importance of the towns in the district. • Not within a Coal Authority High Risk Area. • Does not contain or immediately near to sensitive environments such as ancient woodland and SSSI. • Opportunity to provide community facilities and green spaces for the housing estate east of the Sports Club and improved sustainable transport connections between Littledean and Cinderford.
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DESIGN CODE
Introduction
2
1.2 Vision The Cinderford East project is an ambitious and pioneering scheme, offering an extensive opportunity for collaborative building models, in particularly cohousing and self-build, with a strong emphasis on creating community and protecting and enhancing the natural environment. On the 39 hectare site approximately 16 hectares will contain dwellings and 13 hectares dedicated to green space and community facilities, with the remaining area comprising existing dwellings and roads. Cinderford East will contribute towards the Forest of Dean District Council’s Core Strategy vision to make the district a thriving, sustainable community. As well as contributing to Policy CSP 4 in the Core Strategy, Cinderford East also continues the Forest’s heritage of self-reliance and community through providing residents with opportunities to create their own communities and an element of design freedom.
Fig.2 Informal groupings. It is anticipated that a collaborative approach to the site and phasing of the building work will result in informal groupings of
dwellings typical of the Forest Ring. Image taken from Forest of Dean Residential Design Guide (Barton 1998)
This Design Code provides guidance and design rules that will allow for the various elements to create a cohesive site that fulfils the aims to establish community and stronger green infrastructure, while also allowing for creative input from potential residents in its development.
The Forest of Dean Landscape Strategy aims to create exemplar sustainable developments that improve the importance and interconnection of the three towns around the forest core as well as enhancing their relationship with the natural environment. The community focused developments will integrate biodiversity enhancements and see residents taking responsibility for areas of woodland with the support of organisations such as the Forestry Commission and the Local Nature Partnership. Sustainable transport linkages between the settlements will be improved by re-purposing disused railway lines as traffic-free walking and cycling routes.
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Introduction
3
2
Design Principles
2.1 Settlement typologies
Fig.3 Cohousing key features (Image: cohousing.org.uk/about/about-cohousing/)
Cinderford East uses collaborative housing models to create a diverse range of accommodation to fit the needs of those living in the area while also contributing to creating community and creating a strong sense of identity. The site will be comprise of a series of interlinking and related cohousing (ranging from 10 to 40 units) and selfbuild opportunities, with a strong emphasis on shared spaces and communal areas as the main typology. Cohousing Co-housing provides a settlement typology that reflects the Forest of Dean’s wider history of self-reliance and community. Cohousing is run and created by the residents and provides households with self-contained, private homes as well as benefiting from shared community space, efficiently using resources and space. This housing model could be adapted and altered to meet varying needs across the site, for example, a focus on cohousing units for older people, or to provide a greater proportion of affordable units. Originally pioneered in Denmark in the 1960s, cohousing has become established around the world as a viable typology that uses design (‘social contact design’) and social structures to address isolation, providing social capital in the form of belonging, community and mutual support, as well as environmental benefits by pooling resources and using space efficiently. The main features of cohousing communities utilise aspects of Social Contact Design (William 2005) and include:
Fig.4 Below and right: LILAC cohousing project
• Provision of indoor and outdoor communal facilities such as gardens, play and recreation areas. • A central ‘Common House’ • Good visibility into all communal spaces. • Buffer zones - semi-private outdoor spaces close to private units. • Car parking on the periphery of the site and the exclusion of cars within the site as far as possible. • Positioning of key facilities and access points on shared walkways to encourage interaction.
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Design Principles
5
Collaborative self-builds Either within or as part of a cohousing project on the site will be the opportunities for mixed self-build developments. Allocated pieces of land will connect to the wider community facilities. An enabling developer allows autonomy of the self-builders and oversees the process for them. Cinderford East will provides opportunities for people to build either as individuals, or as a group. The Design Code describe the spaces with design flexibility for residents, and the integral and communal areas that have guidance associated with them to ensure the Cinderford East vision is achieved.
Fig.5 Artist impression of the large-scale self-build Graven Hill project outside Bicester (Image: www.theguardian.com/money/2018/feb/10/custom-self-build-housing-graven-hill)
KEY DESIGN PRINCIPLES Opportunities for collaborative house building in the form of cohousing and developer facilitated self-builds, resulting in a robust and visually rich atypical housing scheme. Preservation of Priority Habitat areas, with enhanced green infrastructure in the form of extensive open spaces, including gardens, allotments, recreation and play facilities, walking and cycling paths, and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). Establishment of a distinctive identity that reflects its location to the historical industrial town of Cinderford, and ancient village of Littledean through a mix of buildings whose architecture responds and reflects to the local vernacular. A clear movement hierarchy providing accessible routes to local facilities, and streets that are spaces as well as legible, functional corridors. Orientate buildings to maximise use of passive solar gain.
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Design Principles
6
2.2 Site appraisal Site boundary Links Sloping terrain
To town centre To town centre
5 Wooded Syncline and Settled Forest Margin
Priority Habitat - Traditional Orchard Priority Habitat - Lowland dry acid grassland
To Coleford
Existing settlements Indicative trees and hedgerows to be retained Public Right of Way
Ambulance station
Spring and watercourse Landscape Character Type boundary 10 Ridges and Valleys
Littledean
NTS To Gloucester Fig.6 Site appraisal diagram
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Design Principles
7
2.3 Outline strategic masterplan Site boundary
Cinderford East is a new sustainable neighbourhood which allows residents to create a sense of community, is well connected to surrounding areas and integrates existing and new green infrastructure.
Development areas Community centre and facilities Existing built form Retained and new habitats Green landscaping Allotments Play areas Older persons cohousing
Meadow build plots MSelf ain acc ess
Cohousing
Self build plots
Community centre
Older persons cohousing
Retained hedges and trees Foot & cycle paths Shared surfaces
Self build plots
Cohousing Reed bed
Cohousing Self build Orchard
Grassland Grassland
1:5000 at A3
Fig.7 Outline strategic masterplan
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Design Principles
8
2.4 Character areas Cinderford East is split into five character areas with each area having its own distinct set of attributes. There are subtle differences between the areas containing development, taking into account its location next to surrounding areas and factors such as topography. For example, the Terraced Cohousing area utilises the sloping topography, while the Community Greenspace preserves views from Littledean Hill Road down towards the River Severn and provides a resource for both the existing and new neighbourhood.
Terraced cohousing Older persons cohousing Self-builds Littledean Hill Road cohousing
Meadow
Community greenspace
Community centre
Reed bed
Orchard
Grassland Grassland
1:5000 at A3
Fig.8 Character areas
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Introduction
9
Design Principles
10
Movement
3
3.1 Street hierarchy The street hierarchy describes the way vehicular, cycling and pedestrian traffic flows around the site. The main route traffic flow will be to the north-west off the A4151. Reddings Lane will also form a primary route, but to a slightly lesser extent than from the A4151. Secondary routes mainly provide access into residential areas. The road layout to the east leading to High Street will be less important to the main areas of movement by the new neighbourhood and is therefore a secondary route. Tertiary routes prioritise social interaction and movement into smaller clusters of development,. Car parking is at the edge of developments. Non-car or traffic-free routes are also significant in the project, providing safe, permeable access for pedestrians and cyclists. These route link up the development areas as well as connecting to the wider area. Fig.9 Street hierarchy
Site boundary
Littledean Hill Road
ane
Secondary route
ings L
1 15
Tertiary route
Redd
A4
St White
’s Road
Primary route
Non-car route
15
A4 1
t
Stree
1:5000 at A3
A41
51
High
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Movement
11
3.3 Cycling and walking movement
A4
15
1
3.2 Vehicular movement
St White
’s Road
Littledean Hill Road
A4151
Existing Public Rights of Way
Main vehicular movement (30mph)
Proposed Public Rights of Way
Main vehicular movement (20mph) Secondary movement (shared spaces)
Fig.10 Vehicular movement
Primary route with shared walking and cycle path Secondary route with shared vehicular and pedestrian/cyclist surfacing
Fig.11 Cycling and walking movement
TraďŹƒc-free cycling and walking paths
The A4151 remains a 30mph road. Within the rest of the site vehicular traffic is restrained and restricted with a 20mph zone. Shared space surfacing within development areas gives priority to pedestrians and cyclists.
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DESIGN CODE
The existing footpaths are retained and are used to link green spaces and green infrastructure. Along the 20mph primary routes, shared use walking and cycling paths run alongside the roads. The shared space surfacing within development areas links the primary route walking/cycling paths, and the non-car paths elsewhere in the site to provide accessibility to the surrounding area as well as to within the site itself.
Movement
12
3.4 Public transport
Bus movement Existing bus stop Proposed bus stop
Fig.12 Public transport
The site is already bounded by public transport access. Additional bus stops are placed along the central spine road, with bus routes limited to the primary routes to reduce conflict with pedestrians and cyclists in the shared space areas.
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Movement
13
3.5 Character of the Primary routes
2m Terraced cohousing
3.5m
6.5m
Pavement Shared use
Carriageway
3.6 Character of the Secondary routes
3.5m
3.5m 2m
Pavement Existing Shared use hedgerow
Older persons cohousing
2m
2m
0-2m Parking
Pavement Fig.13 Primary route section
6m Carriageway Shared use vehicles and cyclists
0-2m Parking
2m
2m
Pavement
Fig.14 Secondary route section
The Primary route is the main access into the site, particular from the A451. Although vehicles will be separated from pedestrians and cyclists to minimise conflict, the route character aims to be soften the main vehicle route into the site through maintaining and enhancing the existing hedgerow and hedgerow trees that run along much of its length, and wide green verges with shared pedestrian and cycle routes. 30mph and 20mph vehicle speed Bus route and stops at key locations (e.g. outside community centre) On-street parking for visitors only Shared pedestrian and cycle path Hard landscape Bitumous construction on carriageways and pavement
The secondary routes link the Primary route to development areas within the site. The character will be less formal than the Primary route, signalling the lower priority of vehicles along these streets. Dwellings will generally be “back-facing� onto the more communal tertiary and traffic-free routes. Some limited on-street parking is permitted, although the majority will be at the edge of developments.
Highway
Soft landscape
CINDERFORD EAST
Existing hedgerow and hedgerow trees - improved and new trees planted to replace older trees in due course. Informal planting (e.g. grasses and wildflowers). Street trees min. height 15m after 25 years
DESIGN CODE
Highway
20mph vehicle speed No bus access Intermittent on-street parking. Shared vehicle and cycle carriageway Hard landscape Bitumous construction on carriageways. Flush kerbs to pavement. Paving slabs on pedestrian routes. Soft landscape Informal planting (e.g. grasses and wildflowers). Street trees min. height 15m after 25 years
Movement
14
3.7 Character of the Tertiary routes Fig.16 Nieuw Leyden, Netherlands. The shared surface
and mews-like scale contribute to a socially interactive streetscape.
0-6m Communal or private garden
0-2m Parking (unloading only)
6m Carriageway Shared use (Homezone)
0-6m Communal or private garden
Fig.15 Tertiary route section
Fig.17 Artist impression of Marmalade Lane, a proposed cohousing project in Cambridge. A permeable shared surface
prioritises social interaction, walking and cycling. Vehicle access is possible when necessary but limited.
The tertiary routes are pedestrian friendly areas that encourage interaction between residents. Based on the principle of Home Zones, where people and vehicles share the whole street space safely on equal terms, they provide a safe place for children to play and an environment where quality of life is of higher importance than vehicular access. The Design Code allows for a mixture of streetscape scales, with some narrow mews-like routes, while others will contain green space and gardens bordering the carriageway. Periodic areas for cars is permitted but for unloading only. As the secondary routes lead to parking areas, there will be minimal vehicular presence on the tertiary routes. Highway
15mph vehicle speed No bus access Intermittent on-street parking for unloading only Shared surface carriageway for all users. Hard landscape Paving slabs or setts. Unloading parking spaces designated by change in surface. Soft landscape Informal planting (e.g. grasses and wildflowers). Street trees min. height 15m after 25 years CINDERFORD EAST
DESIGN CODE
Movement
15
3.8 Character of the Traffic-free routes
Communal gardens, green space or other green infrastructure
2-3m Shared cycling and pedestrian path
Communal gardens and green space
Fig.18 Traffic-free route section
These routes provide traffic-free paths for pedestrians and cyclists, often running alongside green infrastructure elements. Hard landscape Permeable surface. Soft landscape
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Variable, including existing habitats and green infrastructure as well as new gardens and green spaces. Incidental planting informal (e.g. grasses and wildflowers).
DESIGN CODE
Movement
16
4
Built form
4.1 Scale and density The dwelling density of the whole 39 hectare site is based on an average of approximately 30 dwellings per hectare. The cohousing model allows for an efficient use of land meaning development areas are of a higher density (approximately 40-60 dwellings per hectare but balanced with communal and shared facilities and large areas of green space and green infrastructure. For example, it is envisaged the Older Persons Cohousing development areas will be smaller units within two-storey buildings that are more towards the 60 dwellings per hectare figure, but border the large community green space to the east.
Green infrastructure
New dwellings
Meadow
Existing dwellings and roads
Dwellings will be a maximum of two storeys to reflect the heights of the surrounding existing settlements and also to preserve views and key sight lines towards the River Severn from Littledean Hill Road.
Community centre
Reed bed
Fig.19 Land use proportions Orchard
Grassland Grassland
Fig.20 Indicative scale and density section
Communal gardens
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DESIGN CODE
Terrraced Cohousing
Primary Route
Older Persons Cohousing
Tertiary Route (Mews)
Built form
18
4.2 Terraced Cohousing Character The Terraced Cohousing Character is made up of smaller plots that allows for developers, independent groups or groups facilitated by developers to have a certain degree of design freedom to create neighbourhoods based around green spaces and shared facilities. It is envisaged that over time, a diverse range of buildings and neighbourhoods would form as residents work with different architects and developers. This will result in a rich variety of high quality housing types, as well as variations in green spaces and shared areas.
As with elsewhere on the site, dwellings will be a maximum of 2 storeys, although some may be 2.5 to incorporate changes in level. The dwellings will range from 1 bed to 5 bed units.
This character area is based on the ground that slopes down towards the A4151. The dwellings can therefore be positioned to make the most of the terrain for solar gain, as well as incorporating SuDS. A comparable example of using the terrain to improve water management is Springhill Cohousing in Stroud. Built on a steep site, SuDS features such as rills and ponds link spaces together, demarcate spaces and mark thresholds between houses and thoroughfares and other spaces.
Meadow
Community centre
Reed bed
Orchard
Grassland Grassland
Fig.21 Terraced Cohousing Section
A4151
Green infrastructure Grassland and Rear Garden
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DESIGN CODE
Tertiary Link
Secondary Route and parking
Tertiary Link
Gardens
Car Parking
Built form
19
Shared surface Garden
Play Area Common House
Car parking
Fig.22 Plan layout of Terraced Cohousing residential units with shared surface
Fig.24 Springhill Cohousing - higher density dwellings and mews-like streets and
Fig.23 Model of Springhill Cohousing project in Stroud showing the dwellings in
Fig.25 Springhill Cohousing - SuDS features such as retention basins double up as
homezones
relation to the terrain.
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DESIGN CODE
lanes allows for social interaction.
play areas and communal green spaces.
Built form
20
4.3 Older Persons Cohousing Character A Joseph Rowntree Foundation research paper on senior cohousing explains it as a way for older people to live as an active participant in a group of people of a similar age who are ‘signed up to be neighbourly’ and offers the possibility to downsize from family-sized housing to an attractive, age-proofed environment (Brenton 2013). The character of the Older Persons Cohousing is therefore made up of smaller, higher density units but of a range of sizes to allow for varying needs.
Fig.26 Older Womens Cohousing in London reaches Code for Sustainable Homes
Level 4, maximising the benefits of orientation, air tightness and insulation. Through collaborative design residents made the central garden a key focus and ensured everyone’s home had its own outlook and sunlight.
Positioning the dwellings to form enclosed courtyards and gardens allows for a similar ethos of shared greenspace elsewhere on the site, with the courtyard providing a central focus for residents but with a greater degree of privacy and restricted access.
Meadow
Community centre
Reed bed
Orchard
Grassland Grassland
Fig.27 Older Persons Cohousing Section
Primary route with bus stop
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Courtyard gardens
DESIGN CODE
Rear garden
Meadow
Built form
21
4.4 Littledean Hill Road Cohousing Similar to the Terraced Cohousing, Littledean Hill Road Cohousing is based on several plots being developed based around a series of shared spaces and facilities. As with elsewhere on the site, dwellings will be a maximum of 2 storeys. The dwellings will range from 1 bed to 5 bed units, with a mix of terraced and semi-detached properties. This character area will be able to take advantage of views across to the River Severn, while the topography means that just the top of the dwellings will be visible from the road, helping to preserve the views.
Fig.28 View from Littledean Hill Road with level change below the road and views
across to the River Severn,
Fig.30 Indicative section of Littledean Hill Road Cohousing character area
Communal gardens
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DESIGN CODE
Fig.29 Lancaster Cohousing
Fig.31 LILAC Cohousing Project in Leeds, demonstrating combination of linkages and shared gardens
Tertiary Route
Built form
22
4.5 Self build character This self build character area is made up of individual plots for development to incorporate a high level of design freedom and innovation based on sympathetic vernacular architectural styles and the materials palette later in the Design Code.
5 4 bedrooms
All buildings will be a maximum of two storeys, or 2.5 where the level changes permit. They will range from 1 to 5 bedroom dwellings. Based on the current and predicted household sizes for the District, restrictions are placed on the number of dwellings with a larger number of bedrooms to prevent a disproportionate number being built.
3 bedrooms
1 bedroom
2 bedrooms
Fig.32 Approximate housing size proportions available for the self build plots
Fig.34 Ashley Vale Self-Build Community, Bristol
Fig.33 Indicative section of the Self Build character area
Traffic-free Route
CINDERFORD EAST
Self-build plot
DESIGN CODE
Play area/ greenspace
Car parking
Self-build plot
Secondary route
Fig.35 Self-build plots at Bristol Cohousing allow for a diverse range of sustainable
housing types.
Built form
23
5
Green infrastructure
Existing habitats on the site will be retained and enhanced and the project seeks to integrate with the more sensitive areas such as to the south and south-west with the layout of dwellings creating a buffer between habitats and human activity.
5.1 Sustainable drainage
The characters areas will have green infrastructure elements running through them such as green spaces, and the use of green roofs and SuDS features in addition to retaining existing hedgerows and trees.
Private garden
Reed bed
Traffic-free route
Communal garden
Fig.36 Indicative section showing character of the interlinking of SuDS features such
as the reed bad with other green spaces and travel routes.
5.2 Community green spaces
Fig.37 Allotments provide socially interactive amenity space for other activities other
than just food growing.
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DESIGN CODE
Fig.38 Meadow and grassland areas provide habitat creation as well as flexible Fig.40
spaces for educational activities, community events and play.
Fig.39 Play areas will incorporate natural materials.
Green infrastructure 25
6
Materials
6.1 Hard landscape - streetscape Most of the primary road surface will be asphalt. The use of setts and paving on the secondary and tertiary routes help contribute to the semi-rural setting as well as indicate a change in traffic priority. The use of natural local pennant stone is encouraged.
6.2 Hard landscape materials palette - buildings Cinderford East aims to allow for design freedom and creativity while also reflecting and responding the nearby vernacular to apply innovative and interesting use of materials typically found in the Forest Ring such as brickwork using local stone.
Stone Local materials
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DESIGN CODE
Render Light colours
Tiles Slate
Wood Any treatment
Materials 27
6.3 Soft landscape The soft landscaping will be informal plantings to reflect the semi-rural setting of the site, including wildflower strips, long grasses and native tree species.
Wildflower strips
Loose, informal grasses
Native tree species
Green roofs
Ponds
Existing, replanted and improved hedgerows
Traditional meadows
Reed beds
Wide grass paths and verges
Allotments and edible landscapes
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Materials 28
7
Delivery
In order for developments to establish organically and informally, reflective of those typical around the Forest Ring, phasing of the site will ensure land in the various character areas is made available for development in a balanced manner.
Allotments
Allotments
Phase 1 (2019-2021) The primary route off the A4151 will be established and the community centre built to provide key facilities for both the new and existing nearby neighbourhoods.
Littledean Hill Road Cohousing
Self build Older persons cohousing
Part of the Older Persons Cohousing to the west of the primary route will be built and a proportion of the Terraced Cohousing immediately adjacent to the primary route.
Self build
Community centre
Self build
Terraced Cohousing Reed bed
Phase 2 (2021-2024) Phase 2 will see Littledean Hill Road Cohousing area established with more self build plots released to the east. The Terraced Cohousing will further be expanded along the primary route and further allotments will be created to the west. Phase 3 (2024-2029) With the grassland enhanced and reed bed established, the remainder of the Terraced Cohousing plots are released, along with the Selfbuild plots adjacent to it and below Littledean Hill Road. The second Older Persons cohousing site is also built to provide for an increasing proportion of 65 plus residents in the area anticipated in the future..
Older persons cohousing
Meadow
A41
51
Terraced Cohousing
Self build Orchard
Grassland Grassland
Fig.41 Building phases
Phase 1 (2019-2021)
Phase 2 (2021-2024)
Phase 3 (2024-2029)
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DESIGN CODE
Delivery 30
References Alexander, C. et al (1975) A Pattern Language. Oxford: Oxford UP
Image references
Alter, L. (2015) Cohousing: The sharing economy for housing. Available at: https://www.treehugger.com/ green-architecture/cohousing-test.html (Accessed 6 June 2018)
Fig. 2. Barton, H. et al (1998). Forest of Dean Residential Design Guide. Forest of Dean District Council p. 24
Barton, H. et al (1998). Forest of Dean Residential Design Guide. Forest of Dean District Council
Fig. 3. UK Cohousing Network (2018) UKCohousing. Available at: https://cohousing.org.uk/ (Accessed 5 June 2018)
Barton, H. et al (2010) Shaping Neighbourhoods. London: Routledge
Fig 4. LILAC (2018) Gallery. Available at: http://www.lilac.coop/image-gallery/ (Accessed 2 May 2018)
Brenton, M. (2013) Senior cohousing communities – an alternative approach for the UK? Available at: https:// www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/senior-cohousing-communities-full.pdf (Accessed 1 July 2018)
Fig. 5. Collinson, P. (2018) ‘Is Custom build the future of housing?, The Guardian. Available at: https://www. theguardian.com/money/2018/feb/10/custom-self-build-housing-graven-hill (A (Accessed 19 June)
CABE (2005) Better Neighbourhoods: Making higher densities work. Available at: http://webarchive. nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118185901/http://www.cabe.org.uk/files/better-neighbourhoods.pdf (Accessed 30 June 2018)
Fig. 16. Unknown (2011) New houses in Nieuw Leyden. Available at: https://lovisarottier.wordpress. com/2011/11/07/new-houses-in-nieuw-leyden/ (Accessed 18 June 2018)
Graven Hill (2018) Graven Hill, Bicester. Available at: https://gravenhill.co.uk/ (Accessed 10 June 2018)
Fig. 17. Mole Architects (unknown) Marmalade Lane, Cambridge 2016. Available at: https://www. molearchitects.co.uk/projects/housing/k1-cambridge-co-housing. (Accessed 27 June 2018)
Housing LIN (Unknown) Cohousing for older people. Available at: https://www.housinglin.org.uk/Topics/ browse/Housing/HousingforOlderPeople/Cohousing/ (Accessed 1 July 2018)
Fig. 24. Architype (2018) Springhill Co-housing. Available at: https://architype.co.uk/project/springhill-cohousing/ Accessed 1 July 2018)
Robert Bray Associates (2018) Springhill Cohousing. Available at: https://www.robertbrayassociates.co.uk/ projects/springhill-cohousing (Accessed 9 June 2018)
Fig. 23 and 25 Robert Bray Associates (2018) Springhill Cohousing. Available at: https://www. robertbrayassociates.co.uk/projects/springhill-cohousing (Accessed 9 June 2018)
Owen, J. (2017) Guide to Designing a Collective Self-Build. Available at: https://www.self-build.co.uk/guidedesigning-collective-self-build/ (Accessed 5 June 2018)
Fig. 26. Pollard Thomas Edwards (unknown) New Ground Cohousing. Available at: http://pollardthomasedwards. co.uk/project/owch/ Accessed 1 July 2018
Pollard Thomas Edwards (unknown) New Ground Cohousing. Available at: http://pollardthomasedwards. co.uk/project/owch/ Accessed 1 July 2018 UK Cohousing Network (2018) UKCohousing. Available at: https://cohousing.org.uk/ (Accessed 5 June 2018)
Fig. 29. Halton Lune Hydro (2013) Community energy: our village’s fight for a hydropower scheme. Available at: http://haltonlunehydro.org/community-energy-our-villages-fight-for-a-hydropower-scheme/ (Accessed 1 July 2018)
The Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation (unknown) Home Zone Residential Areas. Available at: https://www.google.com/l?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved =0ahUKEwjHrKOPtIXcAhXTT8AKHZJDC3IQFgg6MAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciht.org.uk%2Fdownload. cfm%2Fdocid%2F95AFB120-1D6C-456A-953C496F07396B40&usg=AOvVaw2zfioxxBE6pz-L2jfD7BMJ (Accessed 27 June 2018)
Fig. 31. World Habitat Awards (2015) Lilac (Low Impact Living Affordable Community). Available at: https:// www.world-habitat.org/world-habitat-awards/winners-and-finalists/lilac-low-impact-living-affordablecommunity (Accessed 1 July 2018) Fig. 35. Selfbuild Central (unknown) Ashley Vale, Bristol. Available at: https://www.selfbuild-central.co.uk/first-ideas/examples/ashley-vale-bristol/ (Accessed 1 July 2018)
Williams, J. (2005) ‘Designing Neighbourhoods for Social Interaction: The Case of Cohousing’, Journal of Urban Design, 10:2, 195-227
Fig. 35. White Design (2018) Bristol Co-Housing. Available at: https://www.white-design.com/consultancy/ bristol-co-housing/ (Accessed 1 July 2018)
Wye Valley and Forest of Dean Tourism Association (unknown) Littledean. Available at: http://www. wyedeantourism.co.uk/discover/About%20Us/i-4382-Littledean (Accessed 4 June 2018)
Fig. 37. Summer Street Allotment Association (2012) Events. Available at: http://summerstreet.org.uk/community/events/ (Accessed 1 July 2018) Fig. 38. Yorkshire Dales Millenium Trust (unknown) Meadow education for schools Available at: https://www. ydmt.org/what-we-do/hay-time/learning Accessed 1 July 2018 Fig. 39. Earthscape (2018) Chappel East. Available at: http://www.earthscapeplay.com/project/hamiltonsculpture-playground/ Accessed 1 July 2018
CINDERFORD EAST
DESIGN CODE
References
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