Di liu academic portfolio_2018 jan by Dee_diliu1225

Di Liu Academic Portfolio Urban & Building, Design &Tech

2008-2017

CONTENT + Academic Assessment, Research Design, and Essay

• 1-01 Lighting Quality Assessment of Physical Model • 1-02 Glare Assessment of Campus Building • 1-03 Lighting Performance : Local Starbucks Elevation Optimization • 1-04 Building Performance : Cultrual Residencial Complex • 1-05 Writing Sample: Colin Rowe, A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design + Major Design Works Selection

• Expansion of CAMH • Cambria Hotel in Galveston (Professional Work, U.S.) + Additional Design Works Selection

• Makani Exhibition Center • Deagu Gosan Public Library • Building Reuse of Beishi Historic Area (Professional Work, China) • Natatorium of Changchun Olympic National Park (Build) (Professional Work, China) • Office Reuse of Beijing Xinhua Printing Plant (Build) (Professional Work, China) • Landscape Design of Shangxi Residential Community (Professional Work, China)

+ Hand drawing | Handmade | Photography

1-01 Lighting Quantitative Assessment of Model

Building Performance Assessment and Design

1-01

+Team Di Liu Zhi Qu +Task Objective 1. Summarize daylight factor changing graphic

LIGHTING QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MODEL

Time and Date: 11:30am 02/15/16 Sky condition: Cloudy Location: Langford BLDG C

+Tools • Physical model • Light meter

1-02 Glare Assessment of Three Campus Spaces

1-02

GLARE ASSESSMENT OF THREE CAMPUS SPACES

+ Task Steps • Select and visit the spaces that may have glare problems. • Document the lighting conditions + Task Objective using HDR images. • To evaluate the daylighting condi• Generate luminance maps(false tions of three spaces with TAMU color) using Phtosphere. campus using HDR images and • Calculate glare metrics using calculate glare metrics. hdrscope. • Rate glare conditions in the spac+ Tools es, and compare them to the glare • Digital camera with manual settings metrics. • Tripod • Light meter • Photosphere, hdrscope + Team Di Liu, Zhi Qu, Alex Lavoy

GROUP 01 Where: Langford A Bldg 4th floor studio Time: 3-21-16, 11:30 AM Sky condition: Clear

GROUP 02 Where: History Dept. 4th floor toward Evans Time: 3-21-16, 2:50 PM Sky condition: Clear

GROUP 03 Where: Annex Library 4th floor Time: 3-21-16, 3:13 PM Sky condition: Clear

1-02

GLARE ASSESSMENT OF THREE CAMPUS SPACES

G1- Original Middle Photo

G2- Original Middle Photo

G3- Original Middle Photo

G1- HDR

G2- HDR

G3- HDR

G1- False Color

G2- False Color

G3- False Color

1-03 Local Coffee Shop Shading Optimization

1-03

LOCAL COFFEE SHOP SHADING OPTIMIZATION

+Design Objective 1. Estimate if the existing shading can get 2 or 3 LEED daylight points. 2. If not, optimize shading devices in order to get LEED daylight points. 3. Visulazing daylight amount and glare condition. +Tools • Sefaria • DIVA • LEED v4. daylight standard (embodies within Sefaria and DIVA)

Location: College Station, TX Latitude: 30.6280° N, Longatitude: 96.3344° W

+ Baseline (Existing Building Daylighting)

0 Point of LEED v4

+ First Optimization • •

A. • •

Two vertical louvres each window, 4’ depth One horizontal louvres each window, 4’ depth

B. • •

•

• •

Reduce ASE 3 point of LEED v4.

• •

Reduce ASE 0 point of LEED v4.

Rotate 15O Shorten 1’ in south louvres

C. •

Reduce ASE 0 point of LEED v4.

• •

Add more vertical louvres Shorten 1’ western louvres

15O

Rotate Shorten 1’ in south louvres • •

• •

Rotate 15O Shorten 1’ in south louvres

•

Rotate 15O Shorten 1’ in south louvres

Add more vertical louvres

1-03

LOCAL COFFEE SHOP SHADING OPTIMIZATION

+ First Optimization LEEDv4 (sDA+ASD)

Daylight Factor

UDI

31.2% of the space has a sDA 300lx value for more than 50% of occupied hours. 11.5% of the space has an ASE greater than 250 hours. This space qualifies for 0 LEED points.

+Daylight Image Visualization JUN 21 6:00 PM

DGP

DEC 21 3:00 PM

SEP 21 6:00 PM

JUN 21 6:00PM 0.300361

DGI

UGR

VCP

CGI

23.405991

30.212664

7.352295

32.556839

SEP 21 6:00PM

1.000000

38.606712

66.527000

0.000000

71.768593

DEC 21 3:00PM

0.235583

17.729610

22.178680

39.919289

25.091215

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LOCAL COFFEE SHOP SHADING OPTIMIZATION

+ First Optimization

+ Point in Time Glare, JUN 21 6:00PM

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LOCAL COFFEE SHOP SHADING OPTIMIZATION

+Second Optimization

3’ 7’

4’-6” 5’-6”

UDI

LEEDv4 (sDA+ASD)

Daylight Factor

76.6% of the space has a sDA 300lx value for more than 50% of occupied hours. 7.6% of the space has an ASE greater than 250 hours. This space qualifies for 3 LEED points.

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LOCAL COFFEE SHOP SHADING OPTIMIZATION

+Second Optimization

+Further Optimization LEEDv4 (sDA+ASD)

If increase ambient bounce to 5â&#x20AC;¦ 78.5% of the space has a sDA 300lx value for more than 50% of occupied hours.

1-04 Cultural Residential Complex: Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

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Index Part 1. Research & Analysis [1.] Project Research and Analysis 1. Site information 2. Research importance & Design intentions 3. Urban Context graphic analyzing 3.1. Figure-ground map 3.2 Land use 3.3. Street Hierarchy 3.4. Hybrid Building form 3.5 Building height &Density 4. Climate Context [2.] Analysis of Proposal Essex Crossing Development 1. Brief information 2. Different Critiques:

news, reports, stories. [3.] Other Supportive theories (Urban Aspects) 1. New Urbanism 2. Neighborhood 3. Farm to Table 4. Urban Gentrification 5. Sustainable Urbanism/ Green Urbanism [4.] Summary

Part 2. Building Performance Analysis

1. BPA_brief background 2. BPA_Goals & principals 3. BPA_metrics, methods, tools and workflow

Part 3. Design Goals, Methodology, and Workflow [1.] Basic Principals

[2.] Design Concepts & Building Performance Goals [3.] Design-Test workflow [4.] Design principal fit into LOD [5.] Stage 1.: LOD100 & solar study 1. Sewing fabric & form finding 2. Three Design Option 3. Test 1. sunlight hours 4. Test 2. solar radiation 5. Result and Report [6.] Stage 2: LOD 200 1. site design 2. museum design 3. micro-climate method & green system 4. Test 1: unit daylight performance 5. Test 2: wind flow analysis [7.] Future works

Part 1. Project Background and Supportive Theories Cultural Residential Complex Design, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

2016 May Total Area: 300,000 sf Location: New York, NY Latitude: 40.7128° N, Longatitude: 74.0059° W Climate Zone: 4A

• Site Information The site of this project is located in Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, NY. The longitude and altitude are 70.0059W, 40.7128N. The climate zone is 4A. The climate condition of New York City is humid subtropical climate. Winter here is usually cold and damp, and the daily temperature in January (the coldest month) is 32.6 oF. Summer here is warm to hot, humid, and daily mean temperature is 76.5 oF in July (the hottest month). The site is surrounded by Delancy St. in the northeast, Essex St. in the north west, Broome St. in the southwest and Sorfulk St. in the southeast. Delancy St. is one of the major driving approach within 13

Lower East Side, and it is connected with Williamburg Bridge directly. During 1950s, this area became a part of Essex Crossing Development. The historic districts are reserved very well and filled with richness of street life and comfortable pedestrian. The functions of these urban space are quite mixed, which are used as apartments with basic living facilities, culture institutes, commercial buildings, and schools. Towards the southwest and southeast areas are occupied by new developed housing, which are normally more than twenty stories apartment towers with open-area parking lots. Street conditions in these area are lack of sanitized and less friendly.

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[1] Research Importance and design intention Since this project is set in a complicated urban environment, there are several factors which need high priorities of design consideration. Firstly, as survey posted in the Lower East Side Community Development website, local residents have a strong willingness to have a new project shaped by street-scale physical spaces and well fit into the existing historic dimension, rather than an irrelevant modern â&#x20AC;&#x153;big boxâ&#x20AC;? architecture. Secondly, in terms of solar environment, several residential towers in the south side bring negative impact to the proposed site and produce heavy shadows through the whole year. Efficient solutions to reduce negative solar impact will be needed.

Proposed program S.F. of each program

56886

35900

203718

Museum

Market

Apartment

Thirdly, since this project is not only used as housing, but also functions museum and street market, which will be an impressive part for the future development to invite more people in sake of living, visiting, and promoting the local land value,

Road map &Figure-ground map 14

it will be expected to become a landmark of Lower East Side. Therefore, the design intentions will be: a. Create a friendly spatial conversation with urban context and integration with community character. b. Create a healthy and comfortable environment which will well response to sunlight and climate challenges. c. Create an attractive living-cultural place which will be the prospective landmark of Lower East Side. Also, there are two energy and daylight performance goals: 1) Positively response to the 2030 challenge. 2) Make more than 75% of the space has sDA 300lx value for more than 50% of occupied hours, and less than 10% the space has an ASE greater than 250 hours.

Block Types

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

Land use

Street Hierarchy

Hybrid Building form

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

Hybrid Height&Density

Climate Context

SUNLIGHT AMOUNT • Averages 234 days with at least some sunshine annually • Averages 57% of possible sunshine annually • Accumulating 2,535 hours of sunshine per annum

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

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• 44.4%

Heating, add Humidification if needed(3886hrs)

• 20.5% Internal Heat

Gain (1795hrs) • 12.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (1131hrs) • 12.3% Fan-Forced Ventilation Cooling (1079 hrs) • 12.2% Sun Shading of Windows (1072 hrs)

[2] Proposed Essex Crossing Development, is it a good design?

credit: https://www.essexcrossingnyc.com/

1. Key words from developer’s website: Located near the intersection of Essex Street and Delancey Street, the nine sites in Essex Crossing will become a 1.65-million-square-foot development anchored by: • 1,000 units of housing, half of which will be permanently affordable for low, moderate, and middle-income households and senior citizens. • The Market Line, a natural light-filled concourse spanning the cellar level of three sites south of Delancey Street, which includes small to medium-sized vendors stalls with tenants that include retail and food-oriented uses, a culinary incubator, and a center dedicated to encouraging entrepreneurs to learn craft skills and produce and sell hand-made merchandise. • a rooftop urban farm, • A bowling alley, movie theater, and fitness center. • 250,000 square feet of office space, • A diverse mix of retail space. • A community center operated by Grand Street Alliance will provide early childhood and senior services 2. News, reviews, stories, another side of Essex Crossing-Urban regeneration: • Old former locals feel hard to come back, for them it’s unaffordable to reach the income requirements level to apply. • Markets are typically the most democratic shopping experience. Everybody shops elbow to elbow. • This project start 1955 when the first residents got relocated, most of them never come back. 17

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[3] Potential positive urban development theories with last 50 years 1. New Urbanism (or anti urban decay) New urbanism the key words are: diverse range of housing and jobs; safe street and etc. 2. Urban farm, Farm-to-table/Farm to folk 3. Urban Regeneration/Renewal---Key of neigborhood 4. Gentrification 5. Sustainable Urbanism & Green Urbanism 6. Green Urbanism

[4] Summary of Project Background and Supportive Theories (urban aspect) â&#x20AC;˘ Critique of Gentrification, encourage sustainable urban regeneration.

â&#x20AC;˘ Pros and cons of current Essex Crossing proposal.

Pros of gentrification: a) economic benefits: attract new businesses, highly skilled workers, major developers, and large corporations b) increase diversity c) getting more young people d) safe street e) health environment

Pros of Proposed Essex Crossing Development: a) Get a lot of affordable housing amount and senior apartments, to some extent solving housing problem? b) Improve environmental sanity. c) Improve street safety. d) Market combined with subway line, bowling alley, movie theater, fitness center and big amount of office space will bring great economic opportunities.

Cons of gentrification: a) displacement of longtime residents b) dismemberment of deeply-rooted cultures c) Unsolved poor and low-income households problems while benefiting to middle-class diverse-race household d) Land value orients development, lack of comprehensive analysis of local conditions. e) Potentially abrupt physical fabric and social structures and environmental conditions. f) Since gentrification will shape local characters without inherent original ones, it will be problematic to build a positive and healthier community belongings.

Cons of Proposed Essex Crossing Development: a) Constantly removing local people in recent fifty years. Many of them never have opportunity to come back or afford new Essex Crossing apartments. b) Local culture dismemberment. c) Big chunk of housing buildings with fullsite basements are rarely inherent with urban fabric and context. d) Neither program nor environmental design show any local characters.

[5] My design tacticâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Urban Aspect 1) Be based on a proper analysis of local conditions. 2) Be aimed at simultaneous change of physical fabric, social structures, economic base and environmental conditions_kitnet urban fabric 3) focus on integration of physical quality updated as well as community belongings shaped. 4) Be consistent with the aims of sustainable development. 18

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

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Part 2. Building performance analysis introduction and application in design Building performance analysis-brief background:

wind, geothermal, etc.), designers must apply holistic design principles, and take advantage of the free naturally occurring assets available, such as passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, daylighting, thermal mass, and night time cooling.

Level of Development 1) LOD 100: Modeled elements are at a conceptual point of development. Information can be conveyed with massing forms, written narratives, and 2D symbols. 2) LOD 200: Modeled elements have approximate relationships to quantities, size, location, and orientation. Some information may still be conveyed with written narratives. 3) LOD 300: Modeled elements are explained in terms of specific systems, quantities, size, shape, location, and orientation. Zero-Energy Buildings (net-zero energy building-NZEB)/ nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) 1) Net Zero Source Energy: Buildings that produce or purchase as much renewable energy as they use 2) Net Zero Energy Costs: Buildings that sell energy to the grid equal the amount they consume 3) Net Zero Site Energy: Buildings that produce as much renewable energy on-site as they use from the grid 4) Net Zero Emissions: Buildings that produce or purchase emissions-free renewable energy to offset building emissions

â&#x20AC;˘ ZEB with urban environment Zero-energy buildings can be part of a smart grid. â&#x20AC;˘ ZEB verse Green building and Sustainable architecture The goal of green building and sustainable architecture is to use resources more efficiently and reduce a building's negative impact on the environment.[36] Zero energy buildings achieve one key green-building goal of completely or very significantly reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for the life of the building. Zero energy buildings may or may not be considered "green" in all areas, such as reducing waste, using recycled building materials, etc. However, zero energy, or net-zero buildings do tend to have a much lower ecological impact over the life of the building compared with other "green" buildings that require imported energy and/or fossil fuel to be habitable and meet the needs of occupants. BP-Goals &Principals Because of the design challenges and sensitivity to a site that are required to efficiently meet the energy needs of a building and occupants with renewable energy (solar,

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

2.2 Methods and workflow 1. BPA Actions_Conceptual Design-LOD 100: 1) Run conceptual energy analysis using and modifying massing forms and determine how the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) can be reduced by changes in building form, and orientation. Doing so can help determine the most energy efficient building form. 2) Conduct basic shade/shadow analysis of the massing model to determine what areas of the building could potentially support daylighting, and consequently inform interior space planning. This also informs the positioning of the building on the site. 3) Do solar radiation studies of the mass model to maximize opportunities for solar collection. 4) Study how the orientation of the massing model interacts with wind on the site. Orientation of the building can optimize opportunities for passive cooling and ventilation. 2. BPA Actions_Design Development-LOD 200/300 1) Run whole building energy analysis of building model, and identify how changes in wall construction can reduce energy demands. This also presents a good opportunity to test the performance of HVAC systems that were initially selected in Concept Design. 2) Complete simulations that determine the general geometry of performative features to determine if shades, light shelves, and solar chimneys are working as predicted. If not, revise model geometry to do so. 3) Run interior daylighting analysis of spaces, and confirm proper light levels are being achieved. 4) After maximizing the efficiency of the building envelope, run cooling/heating load simulation so that HVAC equipment can be sized for efficiency. 5) Perform structural analysis of model so that structural systems can be optimized. When structural members are not optimized for efficiency, the building consumes more construc20

tion materials than is needed. 3. BPA Actions_Final Design and Documentation-LOD300 1) Perform detailed whole building energy analysis of the final design to document expected performance, and measure against baselines. And compare final design against the measurement matrices that were defined in Pre-Design. 2) Perform greenhouse gas emissions analysis to document expected environmental impact. 3) Audit final building materials for costs and green qualities (recycled content, close proximity to construction site, low VOCs). Building Performance analysis WORKFLOW: 1) Knowing Goals and Metrics: The first step of the analysis process is creating a clear picture of what you’re trying to learn and what aspects of the design you’re trying optimize. 2) Create a model that tries to approximate physical reality as well as possible - or as well as is necessary for the precision of the simulation. 3) You’ll simulate the building’s performance based on the model you’ve created. Simulation engines are like big calculators that produce a quantitative set of results based on building energy use, lighting levels, or airflow. 4) The most effective method of visualization depends on what you’re simulating, what decision you’re trying to make, and what story you’re trying to tell. 5) The results of your simulation are only useful if you analyze them and can use them to improve the design. Your analysis should focus on understanding and improving the variables that are driving the performance and cost of your design. The tools just provide information – you need to know how to interpret it and make appropriate decisions.

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

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Part 3. Design Goals, Methodology, and Workflow [1] My Principals

a) Make market-site center into an engine producing friendly, sustainable, and localization. Street market is the most democratic place. b) Food! and Sun! take Street market as a Local-culture engine (with some open kitchen?). Take sustainable technologies as a Sun engine. c) Design three city squares--- Market Square, Art (or Museum) Square, and Green Square

I. Be based on a proper analysis of local conditions. II. Aim at simultaneous changes of physical fabric, social structures, economic base and environmental conditions. Sew urban fabric. III. Focus on integration of physical quality updated as well as community belongings shaped. IV. Be consistent with the aims of sustainable development. V. Set clear, quantified objectives. VI. Make the best possible use of available natural, economic, human and other resources.

3. Adapt sustainable strategies all through 1&2, integrated with orientation, shaded, landscape, energy storage and other passive design technology.

[2] General Design Concepts

Building performance goals

1. Sewing fabric: In overall layout, make friendly conversations with different side of orientation with adjacent.

• Goals: fit into Ultra-Low Energy Building, and toward Net-Zero Building • Principles: holistic design principles. Green material (CLT), Passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, daylighting, thermal mass, and night time cooling.

a) Bring positive impact from east-north into site. b) Reduce street negative which is from west-south sides. c) Make the east and north part (walkable and cultured neighborhood) and west and south part (open air, high density and height housing complexes) well integrated. (Integrate rather than segregate: By putting the right things in the right place, relationships develop between those things and they work together to support each other.) d) Make street elevation into an interface communicating with context: along Delancey St.---- mesoscale, focus on localization conveyed through an iconic status; along Broome St. and Suffolk St.-----street scale, focus on bringing street vitality into negative space.

Most zero net energy buildings get half or more of their energy from the grid, and return the same amount at other times. Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year may be called “energy-plus buildings” and buildings that consume slightly more energy than they produce are called “near-zero energy buildings” or “ultra-low energy houses”. Because of the design challenges and sensitivity to a site that are required to efficiently meet the energy needs of a building and occupants with renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal, etc.), designers must apply holistic design principles, and take advantage of the free naturally occurring assets available, such as passive solar orientation, natural ventilation, daylighting, thermal mass, and night time cooling.

2. Focus on integration of physical quality updated as well as community belongings shaped. 21

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

Objective Mission

Climate Urban Demo Transportation

General Form Key problems

Program

relevant information

[3.] Design-Test Workflow

Data/analysis

Community

Form-Finding

Negative shading Urban spatial conversation

Part/Corner

Data/analysis

Form-Finding

Units/Shading Device

Data/analysis

Form-Finding

[4.] Design principal fit into LOD

Sewing Fabric Street Positive Street Negative

LOD100 Location-mass Orientation-mass Height-mass Program-mass Size Density(open/close)

Market as Vitality Engine

Well Integrated Street Elevation Interface

Shaping Community Belonging

LOD200/300 Relationship Size Quantities Orientation System Shape

Sustainable Strategies Solar Radiation Passive Solar Orientation Basic Shade/shadow analysis HVAC Shade/Light analysis/Solarchimneys Interior daylighting analysis Structural Analysis Envelope 22

Food&Sun Three City Squares

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[5.] Design Method Stage 1. Urban Fabric Sewing

Block Sunlight

Semi-abandoned park

Existing Neighborhood interface (negative)

Introducing positive street life

Existing Transportation Circulation

introduce walkable spaces into site

bad maintained and sanitation empty street corner

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New comer-driving interface --car speed, attractive --car-scale, iconize --easy for car access

[5.] Design Method Stage 1. Urban Fabric Sewing

New comer-walking Interface

--stylish neighborhood --vitality --fun --friendly

Local folks interface --safe --convienience

User Diversity and Behavior Diagram

Community Engine (producing vitality)

(iconic/welcome) Urbanity &local fusion (healthy/clean/safe)

New born vitality

Idencitfacations of Urban Interfaces

Iconic (show off)

out-in

Gather People (Urban Squares)

in-out

Urban Bubble Diagram

“Rooted in soil” --Essex Street Market --trade and farm --A memory container --An energy engine --Public

“Growing path” --Events --Public spaces --Exhibiton, celebration and connection --dynamic

“Leaves” --Apartments --friendly corner and atrium --home and table --private --semi-public

“A Growing Building“ 24

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[5.] Stage 1. Three Design Options (generate from urban context analysis)

Design Options inserted with program program A residential works

B does NOT work

residential program

program C residential works

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[5.] Stage 1. Test 1. shadow range @Dec 21

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[5.] Stage 1. Test 2. typical day sunlight hours analysis TYPICAL DAY SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS

FORM-FINDING_MASSING

Shadow Edge Tracing

3-D Push Traced Pattern (divided every 9 feet)

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[5.] Stage 1. form finding results (double ways of sunlight-shaping)

Stage 1_final form

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[5.] Stage 1. final form_ performance testing

TYPICAL DAY RADIATION ANALYSIS

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[6.] Design Method Stage 2. Site Plan Design (Urban fabric sewing)

Indoor ground circulation

Outdoor ground circulation

1 market entrance

walking friendly

2 museum entrance

driving direction

3 apartment entrance

2 2

1 15

3 walking friendly

@Lower East Side, Manhattan

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

STREET MARKET 1

subway entrance

2 entrance connecting historic district

ANDY WARHOL MUSEUM Gallery

Auditorium/hallway/egress

multi-level Arium 31

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[6.] Design Method Stage 2. Micro-Climate method application

Apartment-Museum Section

MICRO-CLIMATE METHOD IN APARTMENTS â&#x20AC;¢ Apartment Atrium #3

01. Daylight

02. Natural Ventilation System 04. Public Activities 03. Indoor Green space

05. Vertical Egress

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

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01. Daylight • Apartment Atrium #1

02. Natural Ventilation System 03. Indoor Green space 04. Roof Garden & Outdoor Activities

05. Vertical Egress • Apartment Atrium #6 04. Double-Level Public Space 03. Outdoor Green space

05. Vertical Egress 33

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[6.] Stage 2. Holistic green space system application

GREEN SPACE SYSTEM

[3.] Stage 2. Roof BIPV system application

Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[6.] Stage 2. Test 1. Units daylight performance testing

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Cultral Residential Complex, Exploring A New Sustainable Design Paradigm

[6.] Stage 2. Test 2. Wind flow testing WIND FLOW ANALYSIS

08 South wind_vertical simulation

South wind_high velocity pressure points

Northwest wind_vertical simulation

Northwest wind_high velocity pressure points

Northeast wind_vertical simulation

Northeast wind_high velocity pressure points

[7.] Next Step Tasks • • • • •

Conduct future performance test combining building materials Detailed Design based on CLT materials Generate the whole building energy performance report Compare the final report with design objectives Museum daylight performance and glare assessment

1-05 Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design Di Liu ARCH 639 Dr. Sarah Deyong December 2014

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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Abstract This paper provides comprehensive analysis about three essays which are written by Colin Rowe, related with his art, architecture, and urban design theories. Following the discussion part of each essay, it is also provided reflections which focus on various cases of contemporary art, architecture and urban design practice. At the end, a project is discussed by employing the key points of Colin Roweâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theories.

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

1. Transparency in Modern Art and Architecture In his first essay, on modern art and architecture, Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky attempted to expose several levels of the meaning of transparency by analyzing a series of cases. According to the definition in dictionary, the word transparency is regard as a kind of material condition or a narrative of intellectual imperative. And the author made a further step of interpretation, that transparency could be applied in art. By quoting a definition which is from Gyorgy Kepes, The author points out that the concept of transparency occurs when several figures overlap each other. In order to avoid an optical destruction, the observer has to assume a new visual quality which is defined by the common parts of all the figures. In addition, what this kind of transparency could imply to is not only an optical quality, but more possibilities of a new spatial order. As a result, the updating definition of transparency is lead to a less spatial but fluctuating characteristic, which becomes far more ambiguous than its primary meaning in the dictionary. The author provides a few specific cases of Moholy-Nagy’s art works to make a direct explanation of it. Moholy-Nagy’s work reveals the same complexity of unnoticed structure of objects by using transparency features. It is a way for Moholy-Nagy to create a unification by exploring the transparency of relationships and to find out an identity with “agglutinations” which is promoted by James Joyce. So much for this, the author proposes the most important two aspects of the definition of transparency, in term of literal and phenomenal. Usually, both of the two aspects reflect distinguished qualities which are from substance to organization. The literal transparency could be found in cubist painting as well as some regulations related to machine aesthetic, while the phenomenal transparency could only come from cubist painting. Since cubist painting is the source of both kinds of transparency, the author shows us a typical case reflecting the basic connection of phenomenal transparency and cubist painting. In the Mont Sainte-Victoire, which is a well-known work of Cezanne, it is quite obvious to find out that suppression of depth and contract space are created by arranging foreground, middle ground and background in one pictorial matrix. Moreover, as the author analyzed, in the center of this work, a system combined with a naturalistic spatial recession suggests that by grids of oblique and curved lines and a geometrized frontality created by a series of horizontal and vertical lines oriented the intersection, overlapping and ambiguous of transparency and cubist.

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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In the next several parts, the author provides us three sets of comparison and contrast of the works of modern art, and illustrated the double nature of transparency. The first set of comparison is about two art works, The Clarinet Player and The Portuguese, which is from Picasso and Braque respectively. By applying interlace of horizontal and vertical gridding and shaping shade space, Braque’s work transferred more independent way of reading than The Clarinet Player did. Other than the first two art work interpreting the phenomenal transparency, in the next set of comparison, Delaunay’s and Gris’ paintings, could transfer more distinct of the two aspects of transparency. Delaunay tried to find a more impressionism way to illustrate object, and his poetical paintings are typical cases of literal transparency. By contrast, Gris preferred to use mono color and defined rear plane so as to become a characteristic example of creating phenomenal transparency. The last set of comparison, which is related to Moholy-Nagy and Fernand Leger, shows a more remarkable difference between literal and phenomenal transparency. As the author points out, though Moholy-Nagy appeared intense admiring to Post Cubist and preference to the features of phenomenal transparency, his art work are not so multi functioned as Fernand Leger’s. In the latter one’s work, The Three Faces, it is expressed a certain of creativity of the space and form reorganization by using horizontal band tied, right angles and opaque color, extending the broader of phenomenal transparency in art. After analyzing transparency in terms of art cases, the author figures out the double nature of this modern concept being performed in Le Corbusier’s villa at Garches and Bauhaus school as well. It is quite difficult to build some link between the phenomenal transparency and architecture design form rather than to achieve this between literal transparency and architecture design. Even though, Le Corbusier realized the architecture of the phenomenal transparency successfully. It is quite similar if compared the continuous dialectic of fact and implication in works of Le Corbusier and Fernand Leger. For both kinds of transparency, it should be admitted that they constantly bring us inspirations in various aspects. This photo is took by one of my friend. It is quite obvious to match the art features of this photo with the classic definition of transparency promoted by Gyorgy Kepes. In this photo the man sitting by table and the man playing violin are belonged to

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

two spatial layers. One layer is in front of the photographer, while the other is behind the photographer. They are parallel activities in distinguished spaces. Both of them are interpenetrated and overlapped by each other without any optical distortion. In addition, both layers, combining together with other elements reflected at the same moment, make the depth of different spaces dissolved. Therefore, this visual record presents some new perspective of urban life and space. 2. Program and Paradigm In this essay, Rowe promotes two prevalent proposal respect of urban planning, Program and paradigm. After talking about the definition of the two words, Rowe analyzes their original and application in architecture vocabulary. In the mass, Rowe convinces that either of them will lead hopeless result on innovation if applied singly. Program worship, also referring as the act of analysis or purely science-based research, is not reliable because â&#x20AC;&#x153;Even with the greatest of good will, some aspects of a problem will always be downgraded and others preferred. In other words, the program will always (and, mostly, inadvertently) be biased.â&#x20AC;? (Colin Rowe, P14). Just focusing on program means empirical, and the new thing is only the repeat of present. On other hand, paradigm oriented method is not reliable as well. This problem has been disclosed within capital city selection analysis of the Republic of Texas. Following the similar mindset of choosing Washington DC as capital city, Austin as the capital city of Texas is chosen due to the consideration that it is more preferable to fit into American ideas comparing with Galveston, which has too much on pleasant climate and vitality environment, and San Antonio, which is deviated from Anglo-American spirit. Only paying attention to paradigm could be harm to urban design because it could lead to over emphasis on manifesto and be far away from authentic urban context and real needs of physical space structure. Therefore, only concerning on either of program or paradigm will make both present and future to be no more than a continuation of the past. (Colin Rowe, P6). At the end of this essay, Rowe uses a metaphor of the detective novel to propose a possible way to fix the inherently invalidity of program and paradigm. For an encouraged problem-solving process, Rowe suggests that empiricism (program) and Platonism (paradigm) should be cooperative with each other.

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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To my view of point, different era has different idea and trend about urban planning. Try to observe these idea objectively in later ages, sometimes they are empirical, other are flat and rigescent. Whether a plan proposal led by program or paradigm, or a combination of both, it is quite hard for planner to promote a design proposal which is beyond the limitation of typical social condition. In the later 19th century, Chicago center is proposed by Burnham. The plannerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opinion is to try to recover the aesthetics and visual harmony which has been lost in Chicago. It is quite a sample of paradigm which is critiqued by Rowe, meanwhile, it indeed presents the power of main population of Chicago at that time. It is reflected the real desire of protecting the whole city from ethical chaotic and physical sickness Lutyensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New Delhi planning is the combination of program and paradigm. Its program feature is presented by using the clear order depended on the social status, which is a quite sophisticated hierocy composed of the viceroy, officer, manager, hire labor and laundryman. Impressive geometry form reflects the political order of colony. It is obvious that there is no concern about the daily life, emotion and humanity, which is a serious problem by our views, but in India a hundred years ago, this planning is the result of conflicting and compromise between architects and the dominator. In other words, because the real owner of this project is the dominator, it is almost impossible to lead the planning form into a more rational and humanity direction. Basically speaking, Program or paradigm, or a new combination of both, what Colin Rowe talked about is relevant to the design methodology. However, the power which motivate to form the urban space is the result of multi social factors. Recently, in the mainland of China, there is a new prevalent style in professional urban and architecture design field, which is called Neo Chinese style. The first project is the restoration of the urban center in Shanghai, which name is Shanghai-Xin Tian Di. The main design feature about this kinds of project is to reuse some historical building and renew the historical area in a city. Specifically, that is, to update the commercial and living condition in a certain place by putting new function, which normally is commercial and resturaunt, into the old architecture. It is said that a new kind of prolongation of local and traditional culture. Visitors will be in the environment which is full of historical and culture symbols and as a result, a certain spectacle is created. It would indeed attract exclusive brands into the huge commercial

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

area, and develop a consuming trend with the stunt of the traditional culture, colonialist styles and the seemingly local shops. This kind of urban space is a kind of spectacle which is distinguished from daily life, I mean, glass building, new technology, high way and brandy urban space. This style may have some relation to the paradigm, but received more good reputation by professional architects rather than be criticized. However, I am not convinced that because the nature of this style is no more than a kind of business district. It just lead a new way for business consumption, not lead a better life by improving people’s daily life. As I have read Heri Lefebvre’s The Production of Space, I couldn’t agree more with the view that Xin-tian-di development is a conspiracy of the real estate developers to manipulate people to consume by claiming to provide the culture attachment that people are eager to find. In reality, those symbolized culture representations covered over the fact that the real space fabric and urban lifestyle are erased. I now see such urban renovation as not only spatial transformations, but also urban gentrification where the authentic relationships among the social productions are reduced to profitable symbols. Therefore, architecture and urban space design should not be simply form-oriented or function-oriented. It is not only methodologyoriented, but a process shaped by space, time, and social interaction. 3. Ideas, Talent and Poetics: the Critique of the Manifesto of Modern Architecture In this essay, the primary opinion that Rowe holds is to criticize the manifesto, especially the one advocated in the contemporary architecture movement. According to Rowe’s view, the origin of that manifesto is rooted two important concepts, talent and idea. The first thing which has a close relationship to manifesto is revolution. As the most recent “revolution” happened in architecture field, the survival of modern architecture movement is due to parti pris, the reason of revolution neither depended on social condition nor culture factor, only with an intellectual chimera of their authors. If someone wants to emphasis the valid of revolution, he or she must state the opposite, tradition. Since parti pris often refers to as the big idea, the first relationship has built as revolution and idea. Meanwhile, the concept which has the similar connection with tradition is talent. To summarize, Rowe provides us two important contrast: one pair is revolution and tradition, and another pair is idea and talent.

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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As expected, Rowe uses several comparable cases of architecture history and some literal theory to clear the definitions of talent and idea. The first set of compare is Juvarra’s Superga and Guarini’s San Lorenzo. The former one is exemplified as talent, due to its dazzling appearance. The other one is a typical case of idea, showing this architecture work’s strong impression to absorb attention by presenting the complexities of Guarini’s thought. But to make simple comparison in this way seems not sufficient enough to define the two concepts. In order to make an effectual specification, Rowe quotes a famous essay, The Hedgehog and the Fox, which is by Sir Isaiah Berlin. Referred to Berlin’s point, hedgehog is a metaphor of those who view the world through the lens of a single idea, such as Dostoevsky, Plato and Hegel, and fox is analog to those who draw on a large amount of experiences instead of viewing the world by using a single idea, such as many big names in literature history. Meanwhile, there are still a large amount of people who cannot be simply grouped into the metaphor of neither hedgehog nor fox, and they are more likely to be described as a perfect combination of both. The same thing happened in architect society. The typical cases of this perfect combination are Henri Labrouste and Charles Garnier. After constructing the primary architecture vocabulary foundation of talent and idea, Rowe begins to introduce poetics into critique. In the next several sets of comparison, by picking up architects from England to Italy, Rowe shows us more professional world cases on the topic of talent and idea. Sometimes they are interdependent, while other times compelled to produce deeper opposition by each other. I think the most special one is about Vignola and Palladio. Rowe points a strong difference between them. All he (Vignola) does is intelligent; all he does assists local complication, tight structure, and wit. He is the servant of specificity while, by contrast, Palladio is the agent of generality, the proponent of an elementary basic theme. (Rowe, P26). By comparing Vignola and Palladio, the most interesting conclusion is not only that Vignola is a metaphor of hedgehog and Palladio is a metaphor of fox, but that while Palladio is an explorer of new idea, Vignola is an inventor of concept. And the opposition between the behaviors of “discovery” and “invention” is somewhat crucial for the further consideration of talent and ideas. (Rowe, P27) Comparing with Vignola’s supreme talent which is able to highly

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

focus on the complicity of local context, the idea of Palladio, who is an architectural Plato, has reached an ideal condition of ”idea”. In The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa, Rowe continues analyzing Palladio’s Villa Capra-Rotonda, which is mathematical and abstract. If Palladio is Poetics, he is totally distinguished from the poetics that Rowe criticized. His architectural idea has already became a top point of ideal that successfully abstract the order which is rooted on the reality, and emerged his own architectural order with the order of natural environment. Modern architecture is filled with “manifesto”. Hence, in the cases of contemporary architecture practice and vocabulary, idea and talent confront a painful compromise. In the compare of Mendelsohn and Gropius, Rowe criticizes that talent is employed by education and idea is no more than fantasy of cultural primitives. Furthermore, Maison Domino almost became a political statement, fortunately, Le Corbusier never built it. However, in other cases there is less optimistic. John Hejduk’s drawing, though beautiful, is still his own particular fantasy. (Rowe, P45) Rowe also strongly criticizes Eisenman’s Cannaregio project that so called “real architecture” only exists out of reality. In Richard Meier’s Douglas House, there is little spatial design between site condition and architecture itself. Rowe points out that, the manifesto piece avoids complicated sites and complicated programs, which can only infringe upon its theoretical ideality. (Rowe, P56). As well, Rowe expresses the supreme self-confidence by contrast: Without any pretensions to manifesto, without overt intellectural presumption, it grows from the specificities of the site with easy lateral and frontal extension. Though several decades past since the beginning of modernism, I think that there are still many cases which Rowe criticized in the later part of the essay constantly produced in contemporary architecture world. Some of them never show concerns on local condition or urban context, and others succeed simply based on their doubted avant-garde statements. For the supporting example, I will mention Ai Weiwei, who is a Chinese contemporary artist and political activist. He is highly and openly critical of Chinese government’s stance on democracy and human rights. While I admired his courage and dignity on the investigation of Sichuan schools corruption scandal after Sichuan earthquake, I still consider that the Ordos 100, in which he is the main organizer, produces no more than a reflection of the Zeitgeist. In this condition the concept of Zeitgesist is more accurate to interpret as super speedy increasing of urbanization and eliminating localization in globalization era happened in developing country. Though here

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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Zeitgeist is quite different from the one existed in Rowe’s time, it is still skeptical to abstract architecture idea from it. In this project, Ai Weiwei invited several worldwide famous architects to design 100 houses in Ordos, an inner city of north China. Most of the design concepts are quite notional and unrelated to the local lifestyle and environmental reality. It is more like an experimental collection rather than an efficient project group which are positively adaptive to the local culture. What is more, those famous architects did not put effort to innovate and discovery the new design idea in order to fit into the local urban context. Rather than that, it is obvious that the design work of those houses are the simple copies of designers’ ideas employed in their previous projects. 4. The Present Urban Predicament In the third essay, Colin Rowe critics the contemporary urban designing, and then provides some methods to modify relevant problems. According to Rowe, just like the predicament of modern architecture, the contemporary urban designing seems like a “patient”, and its morbigenous factors must be synthetic by the presence of physics envy, Zeitgeist worship, object fixation and stradaphobia. The first two factors have the likeness with the spirit attack. They constitute an implicit denial of free will, which is the mind basic of a human being. Then Rowe uses two sets of comparison to deeply discussion of the physics problems of modern urban design. The first set is ingenuity versus contingency. At this part, by comparing Gray Walls and the Schroeder House, Rowe’s concern is on the built solid towards the unbuilt void, which are the mind motivation behind designing. For the Gray Walls, the primary idea is from the spirit of place, by contrast, Schroeder House is a reflection of the spirit of the age, which could be grouped into the concept of Zeitgeist mentioned in his Idea, Talent and Poetics. When extending to the relationship between architecture and urban context, London and New York shows quite different cases. Rockefeller Center is a superb example due to the dissimilar dealing between the top and the bottom, which engaged in the urban surrounding and urban spatial axis. Another set of comparison promoted is object versus context. In this part Rowe shows us the mania of the modern movement which overstated the value of architecture and interior space, while playing down the street space and urban context. How to get along well with the complexity of urban context is the eternal problem for architects. When I think of this topic after inspired by Colin Rowe’s theory, the project that I

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

appreciate most is Rafeal Moneo’s Murcia Town Hall. It is a successful case to deal with the multiple relationship between new building and old ones. This project is located on the Cardinal Belluga Square. On the opposite is the façade of Cathedral. About organizing the site, neither Moneo strengthened the existed context, nor created new context. He just made the new town hall as a modesty spectator in the environment which is remarkable by those historical faces and slow rhythm of life. Moneo knows very well about the role which the new town hall should play as, and it is neither to be a leading role nor to be a challenger. It is a reasonable decision to put the town hall at this common place. Even in designing the order of its façade, the innovation is still restrained. By using the similar order, which reflected in the layout of porch, Moneo expressed his attitude to the dominating status of classic order in the square. The designing of town hall’s façade is also a successful case of applying typological method. His respect to the classic order and context is perceived through an elegant way. His outstanding creation is displayed by applying the similar proportion, color and texture of material, not a simple copy of the existed architecture vocabulary. There is no fancy form, no new technology, no manifesto, even the main entrance which is possible to disturb the organization is also absent from the square facade. But it is indeed a contemporary work; all of the modern characters are conveyed gently while being a fusion with local context. Rowe supports the architecture which are suit for the urban context, and for him, the architecture is still something provided through particular designing by human being. To my view of point, one interesting thing is that, in the contemporary cities, especially those with high density, architectures and urban spaces should to be defined by complexity factors, not just by designer’s imagination or public consuming trendy. Especially in some East Asia cities, there are some extreme cases about those features. In Made in Tokyo, Atelier Bow-bow promotes a new perspective to observe the buildings in modern cities. They give two definitions, environmental unit and Da-me architecture. Due to the extremely high density of Tokyo and complicated limitations of each lot, some parts of a single building are compelled to become a service unit of the entire urban system. Not just their geometry form need to be suitable for the urban context, their functions also get extended to follow the holistic organization of the urban function. For example, the ground floor of the office building becomes the extension of the high way. (The most famous case of using building as a part of traffic way is the Carpenter Art Center, by Le Corbusier.) Besides the pass through building, there also are several typical combinations of

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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buildings and urban functions, for instance, the graveyard bridge (the graveyard is on the one side of the overpass, and on the other side is the regular pavement), the apartment beneath the overpass, the garage with office building and so on. In these cases, the relationship between architecture and urban context is more determined by an external demand and the self-growing power of the entire city. The buildings have some strong connection with the infrastructure. Those buildings have to follow the paces and typical conditions of metropolis and become necessary component or products of the conflicts which only exist in contemporary metropolis. It is very hard to say whether these buildings, also referred as environmental units, are good or bad design. Those new types of urban spatial “creatures” are hard to be judged by classic aesthetics norm. Although they have some features similar with the concept of "living machine" which is promoted in early modern architecture theory, they are the products of self-adaptive capacity within their living environment, and they are indeed rooted in the real demand of city life rather than ideal prospect within someone's mind. Moreover, the different fusion of those environmental units could provide some uniqueness and identity of the city. Maybe those spatial combination, which are decided by population density, traffic condition and new urban infrastructure (for example, the vending machine replaced store and become a new type of environmental units.), will become a new property to form the localization of metropolis by reflecting some principles of system theory. 5. Case Study of CCTV Headquarter CCTV Headquarter is located on the east third ring road, in the Beijing Central Business District (CBD), Beijing, China. Its height is 234m (768ft), and it has 51-storey on the ground. Its floor area is 389,079 m2( 4,188,010 sq ft ). 5.1. Design Concept (program/paradigm) Although the site of project is located in Central Business District, where almost is gathered by all of the skyscrapers in Beijing, the primary design concept of CCTV Head office is not to achieve an ultimate height which is the normal design concept of high-rise project, because the height is easy to be surpassed in a short period in such an high speed developing city. Rather than that, the design concept is to provide an incubator of new culture, program and lifestyle. Specifically, the basic idea is reflected in the form of “loop”, and it is presented through three aspects.

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Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

In the first place, it is a loop connected by different kinds of space. The spatial organization of CCTV breaks the vertical arrangement of the traditional high rise building. Through emerging of the open space at the bottom and the link of the cantilevered penthouse at the top, the double-tower skyscraper looks like a real three dimension ring. In the second place, it is a loop to create interconnected activities and link the different functions as well. Though the each of the double tower serves respectively, one employed for broadcasting, another for service and education, both of them can share the same platform at the top, which is functioned as the management layer. This kind of organization of various functions is meaningful. On one hand, the complexity of division of the work is the main character of modern business; on the other hand, interdependence and interaction of different work are necessary to promote the efficient and enthusiasm of work. The consolation of the TV program in a single building allows each worker to be permanently aware of the work of his coworkers, and the chain of different functions can encourage solidarity and cooperation in work instead of isolation and opposition. In the third place, in term of reflection to urban space and activities, there is also important consideration of the participation of visitors in the entire building. Particularly, the organization of the routine for visitors is throughout the entire building, according to the loop form. I think the primary design concept reflect two important aspects. On one hand, considering the three aspects of design concept, it is not hard to find that it is a kind of empirical result. Not only set the open space in the bottom of the building, but separate two main functions into two different towers. Both of them are from the empirical estimation. What’s more, although its remarkable 3D loop form is quite dissimilar with the traditional skyscraper, the nature of the vertical spatial organization of CCTV is not so different from the spatial organization of the normal skyscrapers existing in everywhere of CBD, so the design concept of CCTV head office is a reflection of the normal logic of CBD planning to some degree, and have followed the results of preliminary investigation and regional planning in this district. According to what did Colin Rowe say in the essay Program vs. Paradigm, program is defined a “scheme”, a “plan” , a kind of logical neutral thinking, and program is based on the pragmatics behavior and the empirical

Colin Rowe: A Critique Synthesis from Modern Art Works to Contemporary Urban Design

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requirements. Therefore, we can see that the notion of program exists in the design concept of CCTV. On the other hand, according to Rowe, paradigm is a given exemplar or pattern for solution and able to be followed. As we known, the key for the achievement of the 3D loop is the connection on the top, and in fact, the link space on the top of CCTV just follow a kind of typical paradigm which has been practiced in design history. At the beginning of 20th century, some architects and artists had promoted the idea of sky-bridge for the high rise building, although these idea are just envision. From 1980s to 1990s, some architects, such as Steven Holl and Peter Eisenman, began to employ the developed technologies to make the envision of sky bridge come true. Therefore, we can see that the sky link is the primary paradigm, which the design concept of CCTV has followed and practiced.

Reference Colin Rowe, Transparency Colin Rowe, Program vs. Paradigm Colin Rowe, Ideas, Talent, Poetics Colin Rowe, Mathematics of the Ideal Villa& Other Essays Colin Rowe, the Present Urban Predicament Atelier Bow-Bow, Made in Tokyo Heri Lefebvre, the Production of Space Enci Guo, the Spatial Production of East Asia Cities

Major Projects Design Works Selection

cultural

EXPANSION OF CAMH | SITE ANALYSIS

Green Culture Connection in A Museum District 2015 May | Houston, Texas

Houston Museum District

Expansion Project of Contemporary Art Museum Houston

01 Glassell School of Art 02 Sculpter Garden 03 MFA Expansion 04 MFA 05 MFA 06 CAMH

06 02

05 04 Area of Each Program

4,563

2,450

15,524

19,645 11,513

What is CAMH used to be

6,175

administration

education

gallery

gallery support

public

shell and core

MISSION

PROGRAM GOALS

• exhibit contemporary art • publications (scholarly and web) • no permanent collection • regional national international (both art and audience) • reflect and engage the community (education…) • not afraid to be controversial • always innovative and new • differentiated from Museum of Fine Art in Houston • enhance ties with other institutions

• build audience through increasing public program and discourse engage multi-cultural Houston • increase the health of their development program (fund raising: corporate collectors, private donors and governmental) • enhance their educational program to build future audience • vitality through mixing function • maintain and complement existing iconic building with addition(s) accommodate pop-up shows • be a good neighbor.

What will CAMH be

1970S

2010S

collection of artworks

collection of spaces for exhibiting artworks

Put the origianl CAMH into a show-container, just as a diamond in a casket! 53

cultural

EXPANSION OF CAMH

| CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

“Multipurpose Container” Mechanical layer Building Envelope Signature Facade Mega-Structure Accessible Ramps Light Shading

“Collections” Public sharing space Administration Auditorium Education Galleries

EXPANSION OF CAMH | DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

cultural

Hallway crossing

Gallery spaces

Auditorium

Administration

Education

Core

cultural

EXPANSION OF CAMH

| DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Egress and Accessibility diagram

level 1

level 2

level 1

underground level

level 2

EXPANSION OF CAMH | ENCLOSURE SYSTEM

Multipurpose Enclosure System

Roof (Mechanical layer)

Inside

Glazing curtain wall

Mega-structure

Terracotta screen

Outside

cultural

Mechanical Layer &spaces

EXPANSION OF CAMH

| MECHANICAL SYSTEM

HVAC System Circulation

hospitality

CAMBIRA HOTEL | SITE ANALYSIS

Cambria Hotel Galveston Beach-Facadism Galveston, TX | 2016 Sep-2017 Apr: schemetic design | 2017 sep: construction start Total Area: 104, 000 sf Galveston

Culture

History

e tur a n

Sig

ca o L

Beach Tourism Gulf

hospitality

CAMBIRA HOTEL

| CONCEPTAL DESIGN

Beach-View Orientation Cambria ‘L’ shape prototype

5 Gulf of Mexico

SEAWALL

BLVD

Cambira Signature-Driving Orientation 60

SEAWALL

BLVD

hospitality

CAMBIRA HOTEL | DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

AL W EA

McDonald’s

VD BL

Hotel Porte Cochere

Wing’s

Rooftop Mezzanine Hotel

(meeting rm)

Elevation Design-Facadism Galveston Historic Elements

Cambria Color

hospitality

CAMBIRA HOTEL

| DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Vehicular Circulation

Ground Level

Lobby Level

Roof Mezz Level 5

Double-Deck Parking

Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Lobby Level Ground Parking

hospitality

CAMBIRA HOTEL | DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Public Line

Public Area

B.O.H

Recreation Area

Misc./ Service

Meeting

Guest Rooms

• Roof Mezz Level Egress Line Service Line

Laundry Service Line

• 2-4 Guest-Room Level

• Lobby Level

Functional Layout

Vertical Circulation Analysis

CAMBIRA HOTEL

King/Double Queen Guest Room

| DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

King Room

Suite 01, 02

One-bedroom Suite

Additional Projects Design Works Selection

cultural

MAKANI EXHIBITION CENTER | CONCEPT&PLANS

Exhibition Center of Makani Community Showing, Exchanging and Combinating Within The Community 2014 December College Station, Texas Design Objective:

public space

b tra ike ve rou l lo te op /

Exhibit the community characters, culture, lifestyle, technology, and products to outside world. • It should be A WINDOW to show themselves. • it should be A PLACE TO EXCHANGE local works and knowledge with outcomers • Create CONNECTIONS between people. • Create a place which CONNECT nature environment with building exterior form and inner space.

program space

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

MAKANI EXHIBITION CENTER | SECTIONS&DETAIL

cultural

DAEGU PUBLIC LIBRARY | SITE ANALYSIS

public service reading

kids area

learning

equipment parking

reading

meeting

Deagu Gosan Public Library Publicness Space Towards Community 2012 September Deagu, South Korea Total Area: 30,000 sf

transportation

DAEGU PUBLIC LIBRARY | SITE ANALYSIS

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

cultural

SPACE AND ENVIRONMENT

Playground landscape

Terrace landscape

Building

Design Objective: 1. A Green Park Building • The site was an urban park which was full of trees and favored by residents in the past. We are trying to preserve the convenience and pleasure which are used to be in this park, and make it possible to direct residents passing through and connect inside space of the building with outside space of the park. • Green is the symbol of Daegu. Green parks

played an important role in the local history and had positive effects on daily life. Our design try to represent as a sort of multi-level integration by setting roof gardens, platforms and squares. 2. Library + Community Center • The functional space of our design is composed of two parts, a community library and a culture center, which are separated in use and connected by a shared space. 69

cultural

DAEGU PUBLIC LIBRARY | PLANS

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2

DAEGU PUBLIC LIBRARY | INTERIOR

cultural

Mixed indoor space and shared hall From the flat floor to vertical in library district, indoor space to open air landscape, reading space to kids space, informations being open and mixed is the key feature which shows the diversity of information society. a.Events sharing: reading + meeting + walking + learning b.Spatial fusion: passage+platform+transportation+hall 71

cultural

DAEGU PUBLIC LIBRARY | WALL SECTION

DAEGU PUBLIC LIBRARY | ELEVATION&SECTION

cultural

Professional

BEISHI REVITALIZATION | SITE ANALYSIS

My role in the group: Main Designer, My main contribution: researching, proposing main concept, modeling, rendering Date: 03/201203/2013 Location: Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China Site Area: 140, 830 sf. Total area: 665, 860 sf. Height: Six above and

Temple Fair: Hot Spot

May to September: Pedestrian Space

one under the ground. Basement: 4.35m,part 6m Structural style: From basement to the 4th floor is the reconstruction of existing building. Above the 5th floor is the lightweight steel construction addition.

Octorber to Aprial: Untraversed Area

Design Goals:

place of temple fair in Shengyang.

Where is Beishi?

This project is located in Beishi, range east from NorthThird Street, west to Heiping North Street, south from Yingkou West Street, north to Tieling road.The planning area is almost 6 hectares.

Reproduction and promotion of The Old Beishi Culture through architecture and urban design Revitalization Beishi Area Beishi is located in the urban center of Shengyang, range south from Gov.Road, north to Station Road, east from North Third Street, west to Nanjing North Street. And it is an area of about 66 hectares. Huang Temple and Taiping Temple are the important protective historical building, which are the key landmark of this area and the original

My design is the architecture renovation of the southern part of this project. The land for construction is triangular, and it is in the front of two temples. It is separated from the north part of this project by Huangsi Road,and range west from Heiping North Street, east to Huangsi Road, south to Yingkou East Street.

BEISHI REVITALIZATION

| PLANS

Professional

Sports

NATATORIUM

| SITE PHOTOS

Natatorium of Changchun Olympic National Park, Scheme Design and Construction Design Time: 11/2010-09/2011 Site: Changchun, Jilin Province, China Build Done

NATATORIUM

| CONSTRUCTION DRAWING-SECTIONS

Sports

Office

PLANT OFFICE REUSE | CONSTRUCTION DRAWING-SECTIONS

Beijing XinHua Printing Plant "Large-Type-Edition Building& Printing Office"Scheme Design and Construction Design Time: 03/2011-06/2011 Site: Beijing, China Build Done Design Model of reusing Large-Type-Edition Building Site Photos | In Construction

Main Sections for Construction Design 78

PLANT OFFICE REUSE | CONSTRUCTION DRAWING-DETAILS

Office

Design Model of reusing Printing Office Site Photos | In Construction

Wall Detail for Construction Design 79

landscape

RESIDENTIAL-CULTURAL COMPLEX | COMMUNITY LANDSCAPE CONCEPT

Residential Area Planning and Design of Qinhuang Island Living Flowing Green Belt 2008 May Qinhuang Island, China

RIVER FLOW-LAND MIXED PARTERN

LANDSCAPE DESIGN+EVENTS MIXED 1 Events confusion depends on people:Through the community space which are expected to stimulate activies,for example, fountain square, kids' area, fitness area. 2 The community sapce which are full of accidential events, for example, shows area and chatting area, wedding area. 3 Plants mix-up Final concept: Diversity and Sympathy

Alternative 1: River

Alternative 2: Topography directionality

Alternative 3: Area Change

RESIDENTIAL-CULTURAL COMPLEX | LANDSCAPE WITHIN UNIT CLUSTER

LANDSCAPE WITHIN UNIT CLUSTER

landscape

Hand Drawing

Handmade

#cardboard_upcycle #sustainable

Photography

#no_architecture_no_travel

Photography

#moment