AndrĂŠ Cavendish 2013
1
AndrĂŠ Cavendish born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 22 august 1988 +55 21 9 8668 2864 cavendish.andre@gmail.com
http://issuu.com/
Index CV
4-5
Projects A Hotel in Paris Metropolitan Anthropophagy Petrol Island - A hybrid Cluster in Rio Petite Ceinture - Vertical Densification of Paris A House In Rio
6-61 8-19 20-31 32-39 40-55 56-61
Extra Metropolitan Rio O3A - Oficina 3 Abrigos
62-71 64-67 68-71
Other Stuff
72-81
3
CV Education Studies 2012-2013
2009-2010 2007-
Sciences Without Boarders exchange program at ENSA Versailles for the research Metropolitan Rio, oriented by prof. Guilherme Lassance one year exchange program at ENSA - Paris Val de Seine Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of Rio de Janeiro (FAUUFRJ) Scholarships
2012-2013
2011-2012
Sciences Without Boardes scholarship from CNPq (Brazil's National Research Center) for one year study at ENSAVersailles for the reserach 'Metropolitan Rio: guide for a reactive architecture' oriented by prof. Guilherme Lassance scholarship from CNPq (Brazil's National Research Center) for the reserach 'Metropolitan Rio: guide for a reactive architecture' oriented by prof. Guilherme Lassance Workshops
2012
2012
workshop 'Hybrid Clusters' at RIo: FAU-UFRJ + ENSAVersailles + ENSA-Marseille. (prof. team: Guilherme Lassance, Fabiana Izaga, Djamel Klouche, Cédric Libert, Julien Monfort) workshop 3 shelters ('O3A' - Oficina 3 Abrigos) at Rio: FAUUFRJ + PUC-Rio + Estacio. (prof. team: Israel Nunes, Flavia de Faria, Diego Portas, Andres Passaro, Marcos Favero, Pedro Évora, Gustavo Martins, Rogério Cardeman) Competitions
2013
international competition: Rio de Janeiro Cityvision - special mention
Work Experience 2011-2012
internship at Lompreta Nolte Arquitetos - Rio de Janeiro
2011 2010
internship at InTown Arquitetura e Construção - Rio de Janeiro internship at NWA architectes - Paris
2009
internship at Flavia de Faria Arquiteta - Rio de Janeiro
Researches 2011-2013
'Metropolitan Rio: guide for a reactive architecture' orientation: Guilherme Lassance - Honourable Mention at the IAB Annual Award (Institute of Architects of Brazil) in the category of theoretical production
Publications 2013
2012
'Metropolitan Rio: guide for a reactive architecture' - Rio Books editor, 2013. Organisation: Guilherme Lassance, Cauê Capillé, Pedro Varella O3A workshop published on AU magazine on august 2012
Exhibitions 2013
'Metropolitan Rio' exhibited at X Bienal Internacional de Arquitetura de São Paulo at CCSP
2013
'Metropolitan Anthropophagy' exhibited at CityVision exhibition at Studio-X Rio 'O3A' exhibited at PUC and UFRJ Architecture for the RIO+20 conference
2012
Knowledges languages
portuguese ++++ french ++++ english ++++ spanish +
softwares
autocad, rhino, vray, photoshop, illustrator, indesign 5
Projects A Hotel in Paris Metropolitan Anthropophagy Petrol Island - A hybrid Cluster in Rio Petite Ceinture - Vertical Densification of Paris A House In Rio
8-19 20-31 32-39 40-55 56-61
7
A Hotel in Paris type: academic orientation: F. Chochon, M. Gelin team: André Cavendish, Camille Fatier
This project is an hostel with three hundred bedrooms next to Bastille opera. The building is on a plot between the opera’s backstages, an hospital and the «green path» that end on nothing. This project obey to three needs : to conciliate those three strong entities, to offer a special public space, and to end up the «green path». Two structural elements host the program : an external structural frame (black in the upside picture) and two massive concrete walls that structure heart of the building (grey in the upside picture). The external frame can be penetrate without entering the building, it seperates the street from the public space. The building is a trouble-shooter while being a piece of architecture and so it visualy authorize the green path to go through its heart and to end in its public space via the main stair. In the same way the hostel respects the height of the opera and align its structure on it.
9
LE VIDE
PLEIN
VIDE
STRUCTURE FACADE STRUCTURELLE EN ACIER STRUCTURE EN ACIER
CAGE D’ASCENCEUR
MUR PORTEUR EN BETON
FACADE STRUCTURELLE EN ACIER
11
13
AXONOMETRIE ASCENCEUR
ASCENCEUR LUXE
ASCENCEUR
LIMITE 53,5m
R+11 - 15
CHAMBRES LUXE 30-50 m2
ESPACE COMMUN / JARDIN
LIMITE HOPITAL
R+10 VESTIAIRES FITNESS
BAR
LIMITE OPERA
R+9
CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
R+8
ESPACE COMMUN
CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2 CHAMBRES COLLECTIVES 30 m2
R+7
CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
CHAMBRES COLLECTIVES 30 m2
R+6 CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
CHAMBRES COLLECTIVES 30 m2 ESPACE COMMUN
6m sous plaf.
R+5 CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
CHAMBRES COLLECTIVES 30 m2
R+4 CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
CHAMBRES COLLECTIVES 30 m2
R+3 CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
ESPACE COMMUN
CHAMBRES COLLECTIVES 30 m2
9m sous plaf.
ESPACE COMMUN / JARDIN
R+2 CHAMBRES STANDARTS 18-25 m2
BUREAUX
R+1
AMPHI.
VESTIAIRES / WC/ LAVERIE
ACCÈS C. VERTE / AMPHI.
LOCAUX TECH.
sur 2 étages
HALL SERVICE
RDC RESTO
TERASSE
CUISINE
ACCÈS PIÉTON
ACCÈS VOITURE
15
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
RDC 1/200 +0,00m
A’
A
LEGENDE HALL / BAR
450m2
LOCAUX TECH.
150m2
SERVICE
180m2
RESTAURANT
220m2
TERRASE
180m2
CUISINE
80m2
CIRC. VERTICALE
ACCESS
N
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
R + 10 1/200 +33,20m
A’
A
LEGENDE ESPACE FITNESS
300m2
BAR
45m2
JARDIN / 200m2 ESPACE COMMUN VESTIAIRES
100m2
CIRC. VERTICALES
N
R + 8 1/200 +27,20m
A’
A
LEGENDE CHAMBRES 18-25m2
650m2
ESPACE COMMUN 45m2 CIRC. VERTICALES
N
R + 11-15 1/200 +38,20m
A’
A
LEGENDE CHAMBRES LUX 30-50m2
550m2
CIRC. VERTICALES
N
17
19
Metropolitan Anthropophagy type: Rio Cityvison international competition orientation: team: André Cavendish, Alessandra Monarcha prize: special mention In this key moment for Rio, changes are done in a logic of object and representation. Rio’s international visibility leads to a series of iconic projects useful to sell the city to the world rather than really reflect about its intrinsic conditions. All the projects, from the Porto Maravilha, the transports planning, to the pacification politics of the favelas pursue an economical and advertising logic. This logic tries to insert Rio in an economic international scene putting aside the resolution of its deep problems and excluding its population from these changings. Rio needs a serious rethink of its internal dynamics beyond the image. “ Manifesto antropofágico” is a manifesto written by Brazilian writer Oswald de Andrade in 1928. He looks to pre-colonial cultures as Brazil’s genuine culture and he states that going through the recovery of cannibals indigenous traditions will engender an inner attitude that freed the minds of Brazilian artists from the cultural references of old Europe, releasing their all-round creative memories. If in arts Brazil succeeded to release himself from external authority the same didn’t happened in the way of thinking city. Metropolitan Anthropophagy - M A looks at the actual Rio and assumes that all the tools to make the future Rio are already there. - M A ingests the lessons from existing Rio: its formal and informal practices, its urban planning conceptions, the fragmentation of its territory, the dynamics of people’s displacements, the practice of the streets and the public spaces, its tropical condition, etc. - M A assimilates the knowledge acquired by the reflections about contemporary metropolis to vomit it into a Brazilian practice. - M A states that Rio cannot continue to expand. - M A affirms that the future sustainable Rio has to build himself inside the existing urban fabric. - M A proposes an open dialogue between diverse urban models rather than imposing a specific lifestyle valorising local networks and popular cultures.
- M A establishes a new relationship towards nature as a counterpoint to nature perceived as a background. - M A assumes the favela as part of the city and interventions are to be strategically placed so that it shall be used by all inhabitants crossing the boundaries between formal and informal city. - M A assumes the complex political and economical context and believes that changes can come from punctual interventions rather than big urban operations. - M A advances 4 strategies to rethink Rio from the inside: ParangolĂŠ/ mutualistic interactions, Abaporu/ didatic of nature, Penetraveis/ penetrating the object, Macunaima/ the fragmented anti-hero. - M A identifies 13 possible macro-zones where strategies can be applied. They were chosen due to their high level of connection in a metropolitan scale, their representativeness of the diversity of urban fabrics and contexts, their revelation of the big fractures created by infrastructure in the local scale.
21
Rio de Janeiro
CGD
2 1 0
2
4
km
LEGEND QPTTJCMF NBDSP [POFT PG JOUFSWFOUJPO intercity bus terminal airport train subway tramway (under construction) NBHMFW JOUFSBJSQPSUT USBJO PO QSPKFDU
ferry principal streets secondary streets limits of the city TVCKFDU UP nPPEJOH BSFBT water urbanized areas
LE
QPT
inte
airp
PRL
train
sub
FUN
tram
DEO
NBH
ferry
MAD
prin
sec
ENG
limit
PXV MAR
FCB
TVC
CEN
wate
urba
BOT
BAR ROC
Rio’s density map
less than 4 900 hab/km2 5 000 to 9 900 hab/km2 10 000 to 14 900 hab/km2 15 000 to 19 900 hab/km2 more than 20 000 hab/km2
23
STRATEGIES POTENTIAL DIAGRAM equipements and commerces high rise modernist housing complex
favela
DEO low rise housing
Pg - Parangolé : Pt - Penetráveis : mutualistic interactions penetrating the object
METROPOLITAN M - Macunaima : ANTHROPOPHAGY
A - Abaporu : the didactic of nature
fragmented antihero
STRATEGIES POTENTIAL DIAGRAM: 2M 1
A
2
1
0
Pg
1
2
1 military mixed complex and Olympic site
2 M
DEO - Deodoro Low density howsing connected to the train station. The part of the military zone (future Olympic pole) next to the train station is occupied by favelas. Hugh modernist mixed complex by architect Affonso Reidy connected to Av. Brasil on the north of the macro zone. Shopping malls and other commerce facilities connected to the highways.
Pt
Pg - Parangolé : mutualistic interactions
Pg
A
Punctual interventions in strategically empty sites more or less near from each other inside the urban fabric of the macro zones. These interventions will bring a high-specific density where each punctual project has its own identity that stimulates people to move and cross the limits inside the macro zones (erasing de formal x informal city dichotomy, healing the fractures created by infrastructure, etc.).
Pt
FAVELA MOISÇS SANTANA
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
CGD
C
C
C C
industrial activity connected to the train line
C C
MADA - Abaporu : the didactic of nature RESERVATàRIO DE GµS
C
FAVELA PEREIRA LEITÇO
Mercadão de Madureira: train station and market
C
Madureira Park
C
Parque do Flamengo and Praia de Copacabana are metropolitan devices that articulates urban life with nature in the low rise tropical condition. housing The goal of this strategy is to bring the lessons from these examples to favela the entire metropolitan area. Giving place to nature in the vast metropolitan area will at the same time teach people to have a direct low rise mountain housing relationship with nature and transform nature into a real metropolitan agent. In a process of densification of the city inside the city itself by the others strategies, Abaporu give a new place to nature that concerns both metropolitan and local scale. FAVELA MORRO DO SOSSEGO
C
C
F
C
C
C
C
FAVELA VILA DAS TORRES
C
C
C
C
FAVELA VILA DAS TORRES
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
train station
low rise residential area
FAVELA SÇO JOSE
FAVELA
C
C
C
FAVELA
C
F
FAVELA SÇO JOSE
FAVELA
C
45
50
55
40
FAVELA DO SANATàRIO
FAVELA IGUAÆU
C
35
C
C
C
C
C
C
F
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
FAVELA NOME ?
C
C
25
C
C
C
C
30
25
20
20
FAVELA C
20
20
F C
C C
C
train line
20
C C
C
train station
Pt - Penetráveis : penetrating the object
30
roads
20
500
35
30
250
0
500
C
1000 C
C
m
The “Penetraveis” strategy aims to increase the potentials of these areas by creating mixity on their boundaries with the rest of the city. M will take Bringing housing and commercial activity into these zones advantage of the economic and accessibility potential they already have facilitating the penetration of these areas from the city. MAD - Madureira Pg that A Furthermore bigandareas have a high potential for densification Low density housing fracturedthese by train lines major industrial activities can sites. Favelas the bottom the mountains turnonthe limitsofinto a realconnected interface of transition between these areas to the train station and the Mercadão de Madureira. and the rest of the city and, at the same time create a real urban life inside them.
M equipements and commerces
CGD - Campo Grande Low rise housing area fracturated by train line a highways. Commercial area connected to the train station in a local scale. Some abandoned industrial sites all over the macro zone.
A
Pg
Pt
C
Pt
M - Macunaima : the fragmented anti-hero Macunaima’s lesson inspires us to create a strategy of micro interventions. Like Macunaima’s personage, interventions in these sites will be specific to each situation and metamorphic. These sites have the potential to host a light densification, forgetting all architectural grandiloquence these interventions aim to valorise local networks and popular cultures. Macunaima’s strategy takes shape from negotiation, mediation, and association within hybridized realities.
Macro Zones Constellation
MAR
existing direct connections
PRL FUN
DEO MAD
residential area
favela da Mangueira
CGD
CEN
ENG
PXV
Rio’s Zoo and National Museum military zone and prison
MAR FCB
subway station
train station
UERJ (State of Rio’s University) CEFET public technological school Maracanã complex
PETROBRAS and IBGE (Geography and Statistics Brazilian Institute) buildings
BOT
residential area
M LAGOA
BAR
DE
CAMORIM
ROC
MAR - Maracanã The transport infrastructure is directly connected to the monofunctional areas within this zone (Maracanã complex, UERJ and the Zoo) that represents with the highways a fracture in the urban fabric of the surrounding that is mainly residential.
CAMORIM
DE LAGOA
Pg
A
LAGOA DE
LAGOA DE JACAREPAGUÁ
Pt
Q. ESP.
CAMORI M
BAR
ROC SAQUINHO
club Jacarepagua aereoport
favela rocinha LAGOA DA TIJUCA
ti�uca �orest shopping mall
FAVELA VIA PARQUE
SACO
GRANDE
FAVELA VIA PARQUE
LAGOA
TIJUCA
DA
hospital LAGOA DA TIJUCA
single houses condominium
shopping mall
low rise residential condominium
church
PASSARELA
city of arts Q.ESP.
Q.ESP. Q.ESP. Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
single houses condominium
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
bus terminal
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP. Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
Q. ESP. Q.ESP.
Q.ESP. Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
high rise condominium
Q.ESP.
shopping mall
Q.ESP. Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
hotel
MARAPENDI Q.ESP. Q.ESP.
“villa olimpica rocinha” mixed use comoplex
Q.ESP.
DE
high rise residential complex
LAGOA
Q.ESP.
vacant lots
Q.ESP.
san conrado beach
Q.ESP.
Q.ESP.
beach
M
high rise condominium
BAR - Barra da Tijuca Gated community condominius radically separetated from the rest of the city. The main highways connect south, west and north zones of the city. Shopping malls and other facilities connected to the highways. Huge green surfaces aren’t accessible to people. Rio’s Miami.
M
Pg
A
Pt
ROC - Rocinha The biggest favela in Rio is connected in the metropolitan scale by a multimodal mixed use complex on the bottom of the mountain that stills disconnected in a local scale because of the gated communities logic of its surroundings and the fractures caused by the highways that cross the area.
Pg
A
Pt
wet area
PRL
MOV. DE TERRA
military area
FUN
MOV. DE
TERRA
favela
shopping mall
Galeão: Rio’s international airport
industrial area
MOV.DE TERRA
high rise residential complex “cidade alta”
train station
Linha Vermelha
MAGLEV (interairports train)
M
low rise suburbian residential area
military zone
PRL - Parada de Lucas Poor low density housing ares separated by major highways and train lines. Industrial zone and shopping malls are connected to the highways but not to the residential area. A part of the wet area belonging to the marine was occupied by favelas.
Pg
A
connection between Linha Vermelha and Av. Brasil
Pt PETROBRAS’s research center
Maré: one of the biggests favela complex of the city
UFRJ (Federal University of Rio)’s Ilha do Fundão Campus
ENG industrial area
favela
PETROBRAS’s an other technology companies’s research centers
collectif housing
connection between Linha Vermelha and Linha Amarela
bus terminal
Ponte Rio-Niterói
low rise housing
engenhao stadium
RAMAL DEODORO
FLUMITRENS/MRS
Caju: industrial activities connected to the industrial port water treatment station
low rise housing
M
train station
ENG - Engenhão Stadium Poor low density housing fracturated by de train line, Radial Oeste road. The Engenhão stadium complex is an island in the middle of the urban fabric.
M
FUN - Ilha do Fundão Campus of Brazil’s 2nd bigger federal university, this 550ha surface island is a monofunctional island higly connected to South and North zones and to the international airport. The island is radically separated from the closed surroundings both fisically and because of their activities.
Pg
A
Pg
A
Pt
Pt
industrial area
unused industrial warehouses
port
trump towers site city of samba
FCB
CEN
low rise housing
unused industrial warehouses
train garage Elevado da Perimetral above Av. Rodrigues Alves
old railroad station Leopoldina
military zone on Morro da Conceição
FAVELA MORRO DA PROVIDÊCIA
VILA OPERÁRIA DA GAMBOA
train maintenance center
Favela of Morro da Providência
FAVELA NOME?
Rio’s informal minibuses’s biggest terminal
FAVELA PEDRA LIZA
villa mimosa prostitution area
Av. Presidente Vargas
FAVELA NOME?
FAVELA NOME?
FAVELA NOME?
FAVELA NOME?
CHAFARIZ
sambodromo
praça da bandeira
SAARA: popular commercial area FAVELA
NOME?
CHAFARIZ
Campo de Santana Park
favela
low rise residential area
rio’s prefecture
Central do Brasil: train, tram and subway station, bus terminal and informal commerce
Sambódromo
M
FCB - Francisco Bicalho Avenue This is the place where major metropolitan infrastructures cross eachother creating radical fractures between different urban fabrics. Poor low density housing, the municipality district, the port area and favelas are separated by these fractures accentuating the seggregation.
M
Av. 31 de Março
convention center
A
Pg
CEN - Central do Brasil Rio’s main train station hosts also a metro station and a bus terminal connected to a series of highways. This zone is a patchwork of industrial, favela, low housing and office towers wich aren’t connected with each other.
A
Pt
Pg
Pt
BOT
PXV C C C
Elevado da Perimetral: viaduct along the seafront connecting south and north zones
Uruguaiana Market: informal commerces and a subway station
subway station sourounded by many cultural buildings, restaurants, bars and public facilities
C
C
Praça XV: multi modal square with a bus terminal, a ferry station, a museum and public spaces
bus terminals C
C
C C
C
C
C
C C C
C
residential zone
C
C
UFRJ (Federal University of Rio)’s Praia Vermelha Campus
C
Terminal Menezes Cortes: hybrid building mainly occuped by parkings, a bus terminal and commerces
C
Shopping Rio Sul: a hybrid complex with parkings, shopping mall, gym center, of�ces and a hotel
cemetery
Largo da Carioca: square with a subway station, bus terminal and commerces
bus terminals highspeed road connecting seafront zone to Centro
M
BOT - Botafogo Botafogo is a mainly residential district with some cultural facilities crossed by the fluxes between the oceanic zone and the bay. A high density area crossed by these metropolitan axes where all the open spaces are private and not accessible.
A
M
Pg
Pt
PXV - Praça XV Praça XV, Largo da Carioca and Urugaiana Market compose togheter a multimodal complex on the metropolitan scale that are connected on the local scale. It’s a zone mainly dedicated to business with some culture facilities and lots of local commerces. The historical center encounter the 20th century business towers and boulevards.
A
Pg
Pt
25
27
1_Penetráveis : penetrating the object ‘Penetráveis’ are a series of installations by Helio Oiticica the first one of them construed in 1967. These installations are maze made of colours, lights and textures to be experienced by the observer. They invite the public to penetrate inside the construction inverting the usual relationship between the spectator and the sculpture, which is no more an object to be contemplated, but a structure to be crossed and experienced. The limits and distance between the object and the subject are no longer existent. The Penetraveis are paintings turned into tridimensional objects in which the spectator can finally walk through. We use this approach to deal with some big mono-functional areas within the city. These areas are a heritage of modernist urban planning which aimed to separate and to clearly identify functions in the city. As many critics of modernism noticed that this practice of zooning ended into a growth of segregation in the metropolis. These areas are like self-oriented objects that have their own logic and have an iconic symbolic image for the city. In the other hand they are completely closed to the rest of the city due to their spatial configuration, extension and mono-functionality. The “Penetraveis” strategy aims to increase the potentials of these areas by creating mixity on their boundaries with the rest of the city. Bringing housing and commercial activity into these zones will take advantage of the economic and accessibility potential they already have facilitating the penetration of these areas from the city. Furthermore these big areas have a high potential for densification that can turn the limits into a real interface of transition between these areas and the rest of the city and, at the same time create a real urban life inside them
2_Macunaima : the fragmented anti-hero ‘Macunaima’ is a novel by Mario De Andrade written in 1928. It tells the story of Macunaima’s odyssey through Brazil. Native of Amazonian forest, this lazy boy is a collage of all Brazilian folkloric heroes. All along this odyssey he finds himself in all kind of different situations and meet various people creating an anthology of Brazilian folklore. He adapts himself at each situation becoming a metamorphic character. Emblematic figure of the Brazilian ant-hero, Macunaima is average boy who takes advantage of his metamorphic character to go through his adventures. This strategy considers the immense quantity of private or public empty or low-occupied sites scattered all over the city. These sites are in most of the cases sites with a low surface that emerge from the encounter of the metropolitan scale and the local scale that create these residual spaces. Nowadays this sites, if they are not completely empty, they are occupied by parking, informal uses such as samba manifestation and most of all have the bias to host illegal practices. Macunaima’s lesson inspires us to create a strategy of micro interventions. Like Macunaima’s personage interventions in these sites will be specific to each situation and metamorphic. These sites have the potential to host a light densification, forgetting all architectural grandiloquence these interventions aim to valorise local networks and popular cultures. Macunaima’s strategy takes shape from negotiation, mediation, and association within hybridized realities.
1 A new link between the station and the new park inside the military area. The tipology of the new neighborhood stablishes a direct relationship with the streets, with commerces on the ground oor, and looks to the park on the backside.
2
The network of interventions on this low rise poor residential area are symbolic generic objects working 24/7 to be apropriated by the inhebitants. They become a reference to the inhabitants contributing to their security conditions.
29
3_Parangolé : mutualistic interactions Brazilian artist Helio Oiticica created in the 60’s as series of wearable multi-coloured textile creations called “ Parangolé “. This work proposes a fusion between the subject and the object where one doesn’t exist without the other. Only if they have a body to fill them in and others bodies to watch them they can become what he calls “ a link between creativity and connectivity”. These arrangements should bring together collective participation- the wearing of the clothes/ capes and dancing in/ with them-; social and aesthetic protest- the participation in a transgressive orgy-; playful participation- in environments, objects, other bodies, or a collective-body-; and a mystically enhanced experience- the uniting of my body with those of my mythical figures and profane gods. From that, we try to bring this way of seeing things to the urban planning in a empirical approach where the fragmentation of the existing city is seen as a potential that has to be enhanced. This strategy aims to create a non-hierarchical isotropic network to the macro zones that will bring a new scale of cross-boundaries mixity that stimulates new uses of public spaces and creates a new logic of mobility in a local scale, focused on pedestrians and bicycle displacements. This will be possible through punctual interventions in strategically empty sites more or less near from each other inside the urban fabric of the macro zones. These interventions will bring a high-specific density where each punctual project has its own identity that stimulates people to move and cross the limits inside the macro zones (erasing de formal x informal city dichotomy, healing the fractures created by infrastructure, etc.).
4_Abaporu : the didactic of nature ‘Abaporu’ is a painting of Tarsila do Amaral (1928). It is one of the first manifestations of the anthropophagic movement. In the Tupi language Abaporu means “ the man who eats men”, and it symbolized the affirmation of a Brazilian identity in an international scene. An artwork that dialogues with its contemporary international art movements and at the same time totally incorporates Brazilian cultures. This work was the first step for the creation of a national identity finally independent from European references. Rio as a tropical city pervaded by nature has always dominated in the collective imagination. But in the reality of the Rio metropolis this statement reveals itself to be only an image, a background poorly experienced in day-to-day life (with same exceptions like Parque do Flamengo, and almost the entire South zone). Rio’s urban growth process - formal or informal – didn’t consider nature as a possible actor in the creation of urbanity instead it was seen as threat to urban development. This process led to a radical separation between city and nature that is relegated to the postcards. What we call didactic of the nature is the possibility to profit of the tropical conditions of Rio to make city. The Abaporu strategy aims to inverse the actual relationship between urbanity and nature bringing nature in the every day life of Cariocas. Parque do Flamengo and Praia de Copacabana are metropolitan devices that articulates urban life with nature in the tropical condition. The goal of this strategy is to bring the lessons from these examples to the entire metropolitan area. Giving place to nature in the vast metropolitan area will at the same time teach people to have a direct relationship with nature and transform nature into a real metropolitan agent. In a process of densification of the city inside the city itself by the others strategies, Abaporu give a new place to nature that concerns both metropolitan and local scale.
3
4
We open the CIEP and the sports complex to the neighborhood and add a public library to the complex. This new complex is in relation with the low rise housing but also plays a new role in the metropolitan scale, in a complementary relationship with other ‘Parangolés’.
In this case we aim to recreate the relationship between the inhabitants and nature by reopening the public spaces today closed by walls, requalifying the river’s banks and recreating public spaces within the nature.
31
Petrol Island
A Hybrid Cluster in Rio type: academic workshop orientation: Guilherme Lassance, Djamel Klouche, Cédric Libert, Julien Monfort team: André Cavendish, Nicholas Preaud The island of Fundao, archipelago of little islands which were polderised during the military dictatorship benefits from a privileged emplacement in the city of Rio de Janeiro, between the Galeao international airport and the city center. Despite its lack of infrastructure, the island has major assets such as its location, its actors as well as the quantity of space it as to offer. The project started by an understanding of the genesis and the dynamics of the Silicon Valley in California. Indeed, Fundao has very similar characteristics as the Silicon Valley did when it was first created; easy access (aerial, terrestrial, maritime) as well as the presence of a very influent university (UFRJ), and private investors such as Petrobras, which are already collaborating to develop this area, and the potential that it has. The catalyzing of this process by the proximity of these actors aims to develop this model by giving the first “impulsion” that in time would structure the development of the island and its activities. Of course, all the annexe activities such as transportation, major issue for Rio de Janeiro nowadays, are considered as well. The project is consists of a « super building » that contains, a subterranean shopping gallery connecting the transportation hub to the sporting amenities. The transportation hub (tramway, bus, parking) is covered by a “super slab”. This “super slab” serves as a support for the UFRJ and Petrobras buildings, and consists of a big parking space and exterior public garden. With the high spatial proximity of the private corporate offices and the spaces dedicate to superior education, this project aims to recreate the dynamics of a Brazilian Silicon Valley.
ENTREPRISES LABORATOIRES UNIVERSITÉ
ENTREPRISES LABORATOIRES UNIVERSITÉ UFRJ
UFRJ
BR
$ $
RELATIONS FAVORISÉES
33
PETROLISLAND
PETROLISLAND LARGO DA CARIOCA
FUNDAO
CCS Ed. Fisica
Hosp. Universitario
Restaurante Universitario
CENPES2 PETROBRAS
35
PETROBRAS
10 000m2 reitoria, laboratórios e residências estudantis
UFRJ
‘Superlaje’
Entrada de Carros
Paradas de Ônibus Circulação Vertical Parada de Tramway
Saída de Carros
100.000m2 nova sede da PETROBRAS agora próxima de seus laboratórios e confirmando relação mutualista com a UFRJ
9 000 m2 de térreo elevado que liga as diferentes entidades por espaços comuns parque, campo de golfe, restaurante, bar, etc.
100 000m2 nouveau siège social de PETROBRAS
10 000m2 UFRJ
5 000m2 nouveau siège social 4 000m2 habitation (reconvertible en espace d’enseignement ) 1 000m2 laboratoires
7 000m2 ‘Super-dalle’ 1 000m2 restauration 1 000m2 minigolf 5 000m2 espaces publiques et de circulation
voiture piéton
+ 14m
+ 08m
9 000m2 Parking(600 places)
+ 00m
12 000m2 Sport
6 000m2 Galerie
10 000m2 stade 2 000m2 vestiaires, infirmerie, salles polyvalentes
- 05m
3 000m2 espace publique 3 000m2 commerce
25 000m2 Esplanade
37
39
Petite Ceinture
Vertical Densification of Paris type: academic orientation: J. C. Quinton team: André Cavendish
'De son point de départ, la gare St. Lazare, à son terminus, la même gare, la Petite Ceinture parcourt une distance de 33km. Ces dernières années, la boucle est regulièrement coupée, amputée, couverte, ou privée de ses gares. La Petite Ceinture possède cependent encore une image forte dans les quartiers qu'elle traverse, et dans la vie des parisiens qui la côtoient. Tantôt elle affiche tout le savoir-faire d'une époque en matière d'ouvrage d'art, tantôt elle se fait très discrète et se faufille entre les constructions, ou encore, circule en souterrain. Cette ligne de chemin de fer compte, au même titre que les canaux, parmi les éléments patrimoniaux de Paris. (...) Il est indéniable que l'histoire de la Petite Ceinture est à un carrefour décisionnel. Afin de mieux saisir le contexte, les motivations et enjeux liés au devenir de cette ligne de chemin de fer, il est indispensable, dans un premier temps, de connaître les étapes déterminantes de son évolution.' GUEZ Alain, LEMOINE Stéphane, PAYEN-APPENZELLER Pascal (1996) Petite Ceinture Le Livre Blanc, GEPC, p. 14
La Petite Ceinture est un espace unique dans Paris. On ne peut pas parler de densification de Paris par la Petite Ceinture car on peut considerer qu'elle n'en fait pas partie. C'est un lieu aujourd'hui sauvage qui diffère completement de l'image que l'on a de la métropole parisienne. Après l'analyse cartographique il été decidé que la densification se fera sur la Petite Ceinture dans son emprise existante, de mode à garder son caractère et l'assumer comme espace unique qui n'est pas en relation directe avec la métropole qui l'entoure. La seule interface entre Paris et la Petite Ceinture est faite par les bâtis directement adjacents à son emprise. Les critéres pour la densification sortent de cette intéraction par de questions de vis-à-vis, ensoileillement, etc.
Donc le but du projet est de densifier la Petite Ceinture tout en gardant ses caractéristiques particulières d'aujourd'hui en établissant un relation harmonieuse son l'entourage. Le niveau du sol est gardé dans son état existant et la végétation sauvage reste intouchable. La nouvelle masse bâti devient un catalisateur d'activités qui estimule les habitants à fréquenter cet endroit aujourd'hui completement inutilisée.
41
Prospective parisienne: densification vertical de Paris
La Patite Ceinture 'De son point de dÊpart, la gare St. Lazare, à son terminus, la même gare, la Petite La vÊgÊtation sur la Petite Ceinture parcourt une distance de 33km. Ces dernières annÊes, la boucle estCeinture est très regulièrement coupÊe, amputÊe, couverte,hÊtÊrogène. ou privÊe de ses La Petite Le gares. seul point en Ceinture commun sur tout possède cependent encore une image forte dans les quartiers qu'elle traverse, et le long de la PC est le fait qu'elle soit en dans la vie des parisiens qui la côtoient. Tantôt elle affiche tout le savoir-faire d'une son Êtat sauvage. Êpoque en matière d'ouvrage d'art, tantôt elle se fait très discrète et se faufille entre les constructions, ou encore, circule en souterrain. CettePlus ligneau demoins chemindense, de fer elle constitue compte, au même titre que les canaux, parmi les ÊlÊments patrimoniaux de Paris. un paysage qui caractÊrise un endroit
14
La Morphologie de la PC
Cette carte analyse la PC selon ça morphologie. Les rails de la PC restent au niveau 0m, par contre, la la topographie de Paris varie, surtout dans ses extremitÊs. Ce qui a obligÊ la PC de s'adapter à cette topographie tout au long de son parcours.
zones a prairie : accuillent des graminÊes, Dans un premier moment, nous passeront par une Êtape d'analyse cartographique plantes à fleurs, insects et oiseaux de la Petite Ceinture selon des critères specifiques pour après pouvoir envisager la densification verticale.
La Morphologie de la PC
vert public :
largeur des ouvrages aĂŠriens: 12m largeur moyenne de la voie: 6.5m
TRANCHÉ OUVERTE largeur très variable
TRANCHÉ COUVERTE
largeur moyenne de la voie: 6.5m
Ă€ NIVEAU
ouvrage aĂŠrien
Ă niveau
tranchĂŠ ouverte
tranchĂŠ couverte
ramblĂŠ
ramblĂŠ
RAMBLÉ
bois : principalement dans les tallus, rassemblent une vingtaine d’especes d’arbres, plantes grimpantes, nombreux oiseaux
OUVRAGE AÉRIEN
PONT
murs, pierres et ballast : algues verte, mousses, lichens, fougères et plantes à fleurs
tranchĂŠ ouverte
Ă niveau
ramblĂŠ
ouvrage aĂŠrien
tranchĂŠ couverte
cyprès 12
10
La VĂŠgĂŠtation sur la PC
La vÊgÊtation sur la Petite Ceinture est très hÊtÊrogène. Le seul point en commun sur tout le long de la PC est le fait qu'elle soit en son Êtat sauvage. Plus au moins dense, elle constitue un paysage qui caractÊrise un endroit unique à Paris. C'est souvent la vÊgÊtation qui marque les limites entre la ville et la PC, elle definit les espaces.
Les Espaces Verts sur la PC
16
zones a prairie : accuillent des graminĂŠes, plantes Ă fleurs, insects et oiseaux
vert public :
bois : principalement dans les tallus, rassemblent une vingtaine d’especes d’arbres, plantes grimpantes, nombreux oiseaux
murs, pierres et ballast : algues verte, mousses, lichens, fougères et plantes à fleurs
cyprès
Les Situations RĂŠcurantes sur la PC Les Gares DesafectĂŠes sur la PC
GARE DE ST OUEN GARE DE CLICHY
16
GARE ORNANO
GARE LA CHAPELLE
GARE EST
La pluspart des anciennes gares sur la PC son encore existantes mais inutilisÊes. Elles configures des fortes objets de memoires de la PC et aussi des accès à la PC.
Après des nombreuses visites et l'analyse cartographique, il a ÊtÊ constatÊ que il y quelques situations recurantes au long de la PC. Ces situations particulières et très diffÊrentes entre elles se repetent selon les caracteristiques du tissu urbain au tour de la PC et de la morphologie de la PC elle même. 18
Les Gares DesafectĂŠes sur la PC
GARE DU PONT DE FLANDRE
Gare de Clichy
Gare La Chapelle
Gare Charonne
Gare de St. Ouen
Gare Est
Gare d'Avron
Gare Ornano
Gare du Pont de Flandre
Gare de Montrouge
*"* "%*+( %) +% *"))+ ! +))$ %%" %
GARE DE CHARONNE GARE D’AVRON
*"* "%*+( * # ( ) + ((&," "( *"))+ ) * '(& ! #
GARE GRENELLE GARE DE VAUGIRARD GARE D’OUEST
GARE FRIGORIFIQUES GARE DE MONTROUGE
GARE MASSENA 20
*"* "%*+( * # ) %*( '1*) "% +)*(" #) 22
*"* "%*+( * # ) ' ( )
Les Situations RĂŠcurantes sur la PC
Après des nombreuses visites et l'analyse cartographique, il a ÊtÊ constatÊ que il y quelques situations recurantes au long de la PC. Ces situations particulières et très diffÊrentes entre elles se repetent selon les caracteristiques du tissu urbain au tour de la PC et de la morphologie de la PC elle même.
*"* "%*+( )&+) +% ## ) *&+()
Les Situations RĂŠcurantes sur la PC
*"))+ ! +* * ")* %* #
*"* "%*+( # 3 +, * &+,( ) (*)
Petite Ceinture dans un tissu haussmennien Petite Ceinture et le reseau ferroviaire
PC et les parcs
PC et le rĂŠseau ferroviaire
tissu bas et proche de la PC
*"))+ * "## $&- %% * '(& ! #
tissu bas et proche de la PC Petite Ceinture et les entrepôts industriels Petite Ceinture et les parcs Petite Ceinture sous une dalle des tours tissu haut et distant de la PC Petite Ceinture, le euve et ouvrages d'arts
tissu moyen et proche de la PC
PC, le fleuve et ouvrages d'art
PC dans un tissu haussmannien
tissu haut et distant de la PC
PC et les entrepĂ´ts industriels
PC sous dalle
tissu de taille moyenne et proche de la PC
26
28
26
gare de vaugirard (50m)
definit les espaces.
GUEZ Alain, LEMOINE StĂŠphane, PAYEN-APPENZELLER Pascal (1996) Petite Ceinture Le Livre Blanc, GEPC, p. 14
1
5
3
parc g. brassens (35m)
unique Ă Paris. (...)Il est indĂŠniable que l'histoire de la Petite Ceinture est Ă un carrefour dĂŠcisionnel. C'est liĂŠs souvent la vĂŠgĂŠtation Afin de mieux saisir le contexte, les motivations et enjeux au devenir de cette qui marque ligne de chemin de fer, il est indispensable, dans un premier temps,entre de connaĂŽtre les limites la ville les et la PC, elle ĂŠtapes dĂŠterminantes de son ĂŠvolution.'
Le croisement d cartes
2 1
reseau montparnasse
Cette carte montre seulement la portion visible de la PC, les endroits oĂš la PC est au sous-sol ou sous dalle sont exclus. La PC est representĂŠ dans toute son emprise, pas seulement la largeur des rails.
nom (largeur de la PC)
La Portion Visible de la PC
La VĂŠgĂŠtation sur la PC
2
1
La Morphologie de la PC
Cette carte analyse la PC selon ça morphologie. Les rails de la PC restent au niveau 0m, par contre, la la topographie de Paris varie, surtout dans ses extremitÊs. Ce qui a obligÊ la PC de s'adapter à cette topographie tout au long de son parcours. .
.
2
.
.
10
Les Gares DesafectĂŠes sur la PC GARE DE CLICHY
GARE DE ST OUEN
GARE ORNANO
GARE LA CHAPELLE
GARE EST
La pluspart des anciennes gares sur la PC son encore existantes mais inutilisÊes. Elles configures des fortes objets de memoires de la PC et aussi des accès à la PC.
GARE DU PONT DE FLANDRE
GARE DE CHARONNE GARE D’AVRON
GARE GRENELLE GARE DE VAUGIRARD GARE D’OUEST
GARE FRIGORIFIQUES GARE DE MONTROUGE
GARE MASSENA 20
43
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32
32
45
47
densification sur la PC
façade
pignon
végétation très dense sur la PC
structure de base et nouveau accès à la PC
structure de base PC detachée
pignons
mirador sur Paris
végétation très dense
pignon
Petite Ceinture en talus / ouvrage aérien
49
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Prospective parisienne:
Détail Rue de Vaugirard - 15ème arr.
plan masse 1/2000
RDC 1/100
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
R+1 1/100
R+2 1/100
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
densification verticale de Paris
51
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
53
55
A House in Rio type: academic orientation: M. Marinho team: André Cavendish
This was a study for a 160m2 house in Rio. The house had two floors of a 4,5x12m surface with bad condition of natural light and ventilation. We transformed the whole surface of the ground floor into a free space for the couple’s passion: biking. The second floor is also an open space for the living room, kitchen and dining room. The other spaces of the house are half levels distributed by an central atrium where are situated the stairs. These spaces can become whatever we want. An office, a baby’s room, a master bedroom, always with great conditions of natural light and ventilation. The steel-made structure is supporte
57
59
61
Extra Metropolitan Rio O3A - Oficina 3 Abrigos
52-55 56-59
63
METROPOLITAN RIO Guide for an architecture
type: academic research scientific leader: G. Lassance editors: G. Lassance, P. Varella, C. Capillé researchers: André Cavendish, L. Carvalho, M. Incerti, N. Costa, P. Bellas, T. Takayama, T. De Almeida graphic supervision: André Cavendish, P. Varella graphic design: Miguel Nóbrega prize: Honourable Mention at the IAB Annual Award (Institute of Architects of Brazil) in the category of theoretical production - 2012 exhibition: exhibited at X Bienal Internacional de Arquitetura de São Paulo at CCSP - 2013 How to convey the intelligence of the spatial structure beyond its unresolved appearance? Will we, be forever hostages of a purely visual consumption of photogenic design references that are unfi t and inert to the frantic everyday of our cities? The analysis presented in this guide-book dedicated to Rio de Janeiro aims to transcend the superfi cial and external appearance to which we usually limit our perception and understanding of the architectures assembled here, in order to show how they actually ‘behave’ in our city. With the title ‘Metropolitan Rio: guide to an opportunistic architecture’, not only do we claim such a condition for our city, but we also advocate an attitude of design that is aware of the urgent need to recognize, understand, value and produce architecture as something capable of taking advantage of this condition in order to increase its potential. This guide differs therefore from the simple collection of references we would consider exemplary of such a performance. Its ambition is to constitute a sort of manual to interact with the built reality in which we are utterly inserted, enabling us to effectively design it.
65
67
O3A - Oficina 3 Abrigos Workshop 3 Shelters
type: academic workshop orientation: Israel Nunes, Flavia de Faria, Diego Portas, Andres Passaro, Marcos Favero, Pedro Évora, Gustavo Martins, Rogério Cardeman team: André Cavendish, F. Cunha, I. Lima, M. Bicalho, A. Suarez, C. Capelli, F. Hengstier The idea of the workshop began after a meeting between students and professors from three architecture schools (FAU-UFRJ, PUC-Rio, Estácio) in Rio de Janeiro and the japanese architect Shigeru Ban during the event ‘ArqFuturo’ in March 2012 organized by ‘Bei Editora’. We could hear about his experience from the research of alternative materials to build temporary shelters areas affected by disasters. After the discussion the group decided to face the challenge of discarded materials and its possibilities by making a experimental architectural object by their own hands. No softwares. Only hand drawings and our hands. The performance took place during the Rio + 20 – United Nations Conference on Susteinable Development and the result was exposed at PUC-Rio during the event.
69
71
Other Stuff
73
Renders
75
Renders
77
Internship Competitions Lompreta Nolte Arquitetos
Models
NWA architectes
79
Facade Details
Lompreta Nolte Arquitetos
Furniture Design
InTown Arquitetura e Construção
81
2013