CHETCUTI CAUCHI ADVOCATES
Dual Citizenship Report Global Edition 2019 A comprehensive analysis of the laws regulating dual citizenship around the world.
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We are citizens of the world. The tragedy of our times is that we do not know this. Woodrow Wilson 28th U.S. President
EDITOR Dr Jean-Philippe Chetcuti HEAD OF RESEARCH Victor Zammit LEAD LAWYER Dr Antoine Saliba Haig RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Rose Marie Grima
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................
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About Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates ..............................................................
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Joseph Zammit
Executive Summary ...................................................................................
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DESIGN
A Primer on Dual and Multiple Citizenship ................................................
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Methodology ...............................................................................................
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Global Dual Citizenship Status ....................................................................
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Country Profiles ............................................................................................
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Danila Finocchiaro Barbara Matyas HEAD OF MARKETING
Germán Hernández Pérez
Copyright © 2019. Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates. All rights reserved. Published by Paritas Publishing Ltd, Malta No part of this publication may be reproduced in any written, electronic, recording, or photocopying without written permission of the author. The exception would be in the case of brief quotations embodied in the critical articles or reviews and pages where permission is specifically granted by the author or as permitted under copyright law. Requests to the Author for permission should be addressed to the Research Department, Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates, 120, St Ursula Street, Valletta VLT 1236, Malta or online via cclex.com.
Preface
Acknowledgments
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Worldwide Offices
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Although every precaution has been taken to verify the accuracy of the information contained herein, the author assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for damages that may result from the use of information contained within. The Chetcuti Cauchi identifier and “Chetcuti Cauchi” are among the trademarks of Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates. All rights reserved. The publication and interactive platform are available at dualcitizenshipreport.org For more detailed information on other services provided by Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates please visit cclex.com ISBN (printed): 978-99957-1-493-2 ISBN (ebook): 978-99957-1-494-9
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Preface As managing partner and head of the Residency and Citizenship practice at Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates, I am thrilled to present the first global edition of the Dual Citizenship Report. The Dual Citizenship Report series is the embodiment of the professionalism with which the firm delivers intricately tailored legal and advisory services. Inspired by our esteemed clients who are increasingly seeking opportune ways of becoming global citizens, we first decided to undertake this ambitious project in 2017 in light of the recurring question of whether a particular country allows or prohibits dual citizenship. As a compilation of relevant legal expertise, the Dual Citizenship Report has become a respected point of reference for many with queries on the topic of dual citizenship. Complimenting the report, the Dual Citizenship website offers a pleasant experience by conveniently and interactively displaying key information from the report. The preceding editions of the Dual Citizenship Report were well received and praised by both clients and collaborator firms. The first publication evaluated dual citizenship laws within Europe, while the second edition focused on Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Building on the accomplishment and insight of the first two publications, this Global edition considerably expands the research to cover countries in all regions of the world by giving an overview of the laws pertaining to dual and multiple citizenship in over 100 jurisdictions. The report looks at whether a country or territory allows, restricts, or prohibits its citizens from holding dual and multiple citizenship. By incorporating countries all over the world, the report conveniently allows the reader to extensively compare and contrast the status of dual citizenship. The country chapters themselves are comprised of expert commentary on the laws dictating citizenship, with an express focus on dual citizenship procedures. Each country chapter is strictly based on the feedback from lawyers. In this regard, it is vital to acknowledge the indispensable contribution of numerous law firms that provided critical insight and assessment on the laws governing citizenship in their respective countries wherein they have roots. We are confident that this report vastly enhances and expands on the knowledge presented in the previous editions and will continue to serve as the authoritative reference on matters relating to dual citizenship.
Dr Jean-Philippe Chetcuti Managing Partner Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates
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About Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates is one of the largest legal and professional services firms in Malta, providing residency and citizenship, tax, corporate and wealth planning services to private clients, businesses and advising governments worldwide. It is continuously expanding its presence internationally, with offices in Cyprus, London, Zurich and Hong Kong. Its global vision and business acumen have been the driving force behind the firm’s evolution over the years to offer a host of comprehensive and integrated services to its growing international client base.
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The firm boasts unrivalled expertise in corporate law, international tax law, intellectual property law, trusts, property law, residency and citizenship law, thus is well positioned to offer an all-inclusive service to its clients. Its multidisciplinary teams are well respected in international circles and are exemplary players in implementing the firms mission of providing high-quality, client-centric services that are focused on the clients’ personal and commercial realities.
The firm’s partners and managers are also instrumental in submitting position papers, research papers and proposals to government entities on an on-going basis in a number of different areas, most notably in the area of Residency and Citizenship laws. They are also regular publishers and contributors to thought leadership papers on a vast range of trending subjects.
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Executive Summary Dual citizenship arises when a person holds two or more citizenships simultaneously. There are various reasons and instances under which a person may hold dual or multiple citizenship, the most common being by birth, descent, marriage, adoption, naturalisation, through citizenship by investment programmes, or on the grounds of an international treaty. Society has come a long way from being wary of the concept of dual citizenship. Today, not only is dual citizenship globally welcomed, but it is in certain instances ardently sought after. Holding dual or multiple citizenships endows individuals with coveted rights pertaining to travel, work, residency, and health. For some, dual citizenship holds much deeper significance since it is a matter of escaping instability in a tumultuous country and attaining personal security. Nevertheless, the conditions under which a person is granted, renounces or loses citizenship remain strictly within the discretion of every country. The overarching global trend has been to move towards accepting dual citizenship, yet many countries still remain hesitant to the prospect of relaxing citizenship regulations. Overview of the Report This global edition of the Dual Citizenship Report provides an extensive analysis of the different laws regulating dual citizenship in over 100 jurisdictions across the globe, including countries and special territories. The report combines the country chapters from the previous two regional editions, including any recent revisions in the legislation, and adds more than 50 new countries from all over the world. In compiling this report, we have collaborated with a number of specialist immigration law firms from around the world. Each firm has provided information and commentary on the citizenship laws in its respective country. The primary research for this edition of the Dual Citizenship Report was carried between January and March 2019. This approach ensures that the information provided in this report is up to date with the latest legal developments as well as verified by specialist immigration lawyers. Findings and analyses are presented in a country chapter format. In each case, the report provides an overview of the citizenship laws and more specifically the legal provisions related to dual citizenship as well as multiple citizenship. For each country, the report outlines if dual citizenship is allowed, not allowed or restricted. Main Conclusions From an international perspective, it is clear at first glance that dual citizenship has become widely accepted. 60% of the jurisdictions under review in the report unrestrictedly allow dual citizenship, and only 20% completely prohibit dual citizenship with no special exceptions. Many countries today have withdrawn any conditions which impede on the ability to hold a dual citizenship status. These countries, therefore, do not revoke the citizenship of an individual who acquires another one. While a number of countries remain opposed to allowing dual citizenship in the case of naturalisation procedures, a more significant number have abandoned this practice and moved on to allow dual citizenship across the board. Few are those countries that continue to restrict dual citizenship for those who have gained another citizenship by birth or descent. A similar trend can be observed with multiple citizenship.
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Some countries do not normally allow dual citizenship, however, they maintain a restricted status of dual citizenship by making allowances in limited circumstances, such as in the case of dual nationality agreements, birth, marriage or exceptional conditions for naturalisations. International treaties pertaining to dual citizenship are particularly common among Latin American states and European ones. In the case of the latter, certain European Union (EU) countries such as Germany and Bulgaria, tend to make an exception for other member states. The general rule is that countries which permit dual citizenship also allow multiple citizenship. However, it appears that countries which only allow dual citizenship under certain conditions, more often than not, do not make the same allowance for multiple citizenship. From a regional perspective, some regions either decisively favour or remain apprehensive of dual citizenship or multiple citizenship. The approach for other regions, however, remains somewhat mixed. A staggering amount of European countries allow dual citizenship, and a similar trend can be observed in the Americas, and the Pacific. Nevertheless, in both cases, there are exceptions to this rule. While few countries in both regions resolutely prohibit dual citizenship, some others still only allow dual citizenship under a set of conditions or circumstances. Countries within Eastern Europe and Africa have been gradually assimilating dual citizenship within local legislation, however, as of yet, there is no overall dominating approach in either region. In contrast, the majority of South and East Asian countries have notably held back from allowing dual citizenship. Overall, on extensive analysis it can be observed that an increasing amount of countries have come to allow dual citizenship. Resistance towards dual or multiple citizenship is becoming progressively harder to maintain as even the most steadfast countries have been gradually introducing dual citizenship under certain conditions.
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Methodology This report provides an extensive analysis of the different laws regulating dual citizenship in over 100 jurisdictions across the globe, including countries and special territories. In compiling this report, we have collaborated with a number of specialist immigration law firms from around the world. Each firm has provided information and commentary on the citizenship laws in its respective country. This approach ensures that the information provided in this report is up to date with the latest legal developments as well as verified by specialist immigration lawyers. Findings and analyses are presented in a country chapter format. In each case, the report provides an overview of the citizenship laws and more specifically the legal provisions related to dual citizenship as well as multiple citizenship. For each country, the report highlights if dual citizenship is allowed, not allowed, or restricted, according to the general criteria specified below: Allowed: The law expressly allows dual citizenship and/or does not lay down any restrictions pertaining to dual citizenship for the majority of citizens Not Allowed: The law expressly states that dual citizenship is not allowed, and/or calls for the loss or renunciation of citizenship in the case of acquiring another citizenship Restricted: Dual citizenship is only allowed in limited circumstances, or is subject to certain conditions, as detailed in the law A reference table is also provided summarising each country’s citizenship status, that is, whether dual and multiple citizenship are allowed, and whether there are any obligations upon acquiring another citizenship. The primary research for this edition of the Dual Citizenship Report was carried between January and March 2019. The analysis presented below is based on the feedback received from the law firms listed in the acknowledgement section of this report. Country chapters which featured in previous editions of the report for the European Region and Russia and the CIS region have been reviewed and updated to reflect any recent amendments to the law. The information presented in this report is thereby accurate as of March 2019. As regards to the country facts listed in each country chapter, the visa-free index relates to that of 2019, while the GDP and population statistics are reflective of 2017 data, or the latest available. Whilst primary data is the main basis of this report, the analysis presented below is further supplemented with extensive research on the laws of the country, official information provided on government and consulate websites.
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Global Dual Citizenship Status The table below gives an overview of the dual and multiple citizenship status in each jurisdiction examined in the report, as well as the general obligations upon acquiring another citizenship.
Dual Citizenship
Multiple Citizenship
Register with Country of Origin
Renounce Original Citizenship
Dual Citizenship
Multiple Citizenship
Register with Country of Origin
Renounce Original Citizenship
Afghanistan
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
No
Cyprus
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Albania
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Czech Republic
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Algeria
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Denmark
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Andorra
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Dominica
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Antigua and Barbuda
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Ecuador
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Armenia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Estonia
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Australia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Ethiopia
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Austria
Restricted
Not allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Fiji
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Azerbaijan
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Finland
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Bangladesh
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
France
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Barbados
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Germany
Restricted
Not allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Belarus
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Ghana
Allowed
Allowed
Yes
No
Belgium
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Greece
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Bhutan
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Honduras
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Bolivia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Hungary
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Restricted
Restricted
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
India
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Botswana
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Indonesia
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Brazil
Allowed
Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Ireland
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Bulgaria
Restricted
Not Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Israel
Allowed
Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Cambodia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Italy
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Cameroon
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Japan
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Canada
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Kazakhstan
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Cayman Islands
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Kosovo
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Chile
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Kyrgyzstan
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
China
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Latvia
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Croatia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Lithuania
Restricted
Not Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Jurisdiction
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Jurisdiction
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Global Dual Citizenship Status
Dual Citizenship
Multiple Citizenship
Register with Country of Origin
Renounce Original Citizenship
Dual Citizenship
Multiple Citizenship
Register with Country of Origin
Renounce Original Citizenship
Luxembourg
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Serbia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Macau
Restricted
Restricted
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Singapore
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Maldives
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Sint Maarten
Restricted
Restricted
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Malta
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Slovak Republic
Restricted
Not Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Moldova
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Slovenia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Monaco
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
South Africa
Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
No
Montenegro
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
South Korea
Restricted
Restricted
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Montserrat
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Spain
Restricted
Not Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Morocco
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Sri Lanka
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Nepal
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
St. Christopher and Nevis
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Netherlands
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Sudan
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
New Zealand
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Sweden
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Nicaragua
Restricted
Restricted
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Switzerland
Allowed
Allowed
Yes
No
Nigeria
Allowed
Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Tajikistan
Restricted
Not Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
North Macedonia
Allowed
Restricted
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
The Gambia
Allowed
Restricted
No
No
Norway
Restricted
Not Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Trinidad and Tobago
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Pakistan
Restricted
Restricted
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Turkey
Allowed
Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
Panama
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Turkmenistan
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Paraguay
Restricted
Restricted
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Ukraine
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
No
Yes
Peru
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
United Kingdom
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Philippines
Allowed
Allowed
Yes
No (subject to certain conditions)
United States
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Poland
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Uruguay
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Portugal
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Uzbekistan
Not Allowed
Not Allowed
Yes
Yes
Romania
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Venezuela
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Russia
Allowed
Allowed
Yes
No
Zimbabwe
Allowed
Allowed
No
No (subject to certain conditions)
Saint Lucia
Allowed
Allowed
No
No
Jurisdiction
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Country Profiles
Country Profiles
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Dual Citizenship
NOT ALLOWED
Multiple Citizenship
NOT ALLOWED
Obligations upon acquiring another citizenship: Register with country of origin
NO
Renounce original citizenship
NO
Legislation: Afghanistan Citizenship Law, Official Gazette number 792
Afghanistan VISA FREE CAPITAL POPULATION
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KABUL 35,530,081
AREA (KM2)
652,860
LANGUAGE
AFGHAN PERSIAN, PASHTO
GDP PPP US$
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1,972
CURRENCY
AFGHANI (AFN)
TIME ZONE
UTC+4:30
Citizenship law in Afghanistan is heavily based on the principle of ius sanguinis. Thereby, a child born to at least one parent who is an Afghan citizen will be considered as a citizen of Afghanistan, regardless of the place of birth. A child born within Afghan territory to foreign parents would be granted Afghan citizenship upon reaching the age of 18 given that he/she has an intention to permanently reside there, and does not take up any of the parents’ foreign citizenships. Foreigners may also make an application for Afghan citizenship. Upon legally marrying an Afghan citizen, a foreigner will be granted citizenship of Afghanistan, subject to Article 7 of the Citizenship Law. Article 7 of the Afghanistan Citizenship Law states that “A person who is an Afghanistan Emirates citizen pursuant to the law, cannot be in the status of dual citizenship”. Therefore, in theory, the law does not allow dual citizenship. However, in practice, it is allowed, and no restriction or discrimination is put against those citizens who hold dual or multiple citizenships, other than their appointment for high-ranking government posts, such as ministers, supreme court high council members and president. Individuals with dual/multiple citizenship cannot be appointed to such posts without the dismissal of their foreign citizenship/s. Although Article 7 of the law states that dual citizenship is not allowed, it is not explicitly called for in the law that a person renounces their original citizenship upon acquiring Afghan citizenship. This being said, the current Afghanistan Citizenship Law has many gaps in consequence of the previous Taliban Government, and it is subsequently subject to amendment. A new draft is awaiting ratification by parliament so as to be enacted in the future.
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Dual Citizenship
ALLOWED
Multiple Citizenship
ALLOWED
Obligations upon acquiring another citizenship: Register with country of origin
NO
Renounce original citizenship
NO
Constitution of the Republic of Albania Law no. 8389, date 05.08.1998 “On Albanian Citizenship” as amended
Legislation:
Albania
Instructions: No. 925, No.337/1, No.782/1, No.583/3 (1999) “For procedures that are followed for obtaining Albanian Citizenship by naturalisation “ Instructions: No. 3583, No. 6252 (2001) “On procedures and documentation for the acquisition, recovery and removal of Albanian Citizenship”
VISA FREE CAPITAL POPULATION
115 TIRANA 2,873,457
AREA (KM2)
27,400
LANGUAGE
ALBANIAN
GDP PPP US$
12,943
CURRENCY
LEK (ALL)
TIME ZONE
UTC+1:00
Albanian citizenship can be acquired in several ways. Citizenship by birth is granted when at least one of the parents is an Albanian national, or when the parents are foreigners legally residing in Albania. According to Albanian law, citizenship can also be acquired by naturalisation. In order to apply, the prospective applicant must meet a number of requirements including being at least 18 years of age and having resided in the Republic of Albania for at least 5 years. If a foreigner can prove that he is of Albanian origin from at least one parent up to the second generation, the residence requirement is reduced from five to three years. Foreigners married to an Albanian citizen for at least three years may apply for Albanian citizenship by naturalisation without the need to fulfil language requirements. However, the spouse must have resided in the country for at least one year. Citizenship can be granted also to a minor whose parents are naturalised as Albanian citizens. If one parent of a minor child is naturalised as an Albanian citizen, and the child resides in the Republic of Albania, the child may become an Albanian citizen upon the request of both parents. Citizenship can be also obtained by adoption. If both parents of Albanian nationality adopt a stateless child or one who has another citizenship, the child is granted Albanian citizenship. Albanian citizens can freely apply for the acquisition of another citizenship without losing the Albanian one. Foreigners are also free to apply for the Albanian citizenship without renouncing that of the country from which they originate.
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Dual Citizenship
ALLOWED
Multiple Citizenship
ALLOWED
Obligations upon acquiring another citizenship: Register with country of origin
NO
Renounce original citizenship
NO
Legislation:
Algeria
Presently, one may acquire Algerian citizenship by birth in Algeria or abroad when born to at least one parent who is an Algerian citizen. VISA FREE CAPITAL POPULATION
38
50 ALGIERS 41,318,142
AREA (KM2)
2,381,740
LANGUAGE
ARABIC, FRENCH
GDP PPP US$
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Algerian Nationality act no. 70-86 of 15 December 1970 modified and amended by ordinance no. 05-01 of 27 February 2005
15,260
CURRENCY
DINAR (DZD)
TIME ZONE
UTC+1:00
In terms of acquiring Algerian nationality after birth, this is possible through marriage with an Algerian citizen, through naturalisation and by exemption for foreigners who have rendered exceptional services to Algeria. The foreigner whose infirmity or sickness has been contracted in the service or in the interest of Algeria, and the foreigner whose naturalisation is of exceptional interest to Algeria, may also be granted Algerian citizenship. Where an applicant is married to an Algerian citizen, the acquisition of citizenship is subject to proof that the marriage is legal and established for three years, the individual in question has had lawful residence in Algeria of at least 2 years, is of good character, and is able to justify livelihood. To satisfy the requirements for naturalisation, the foreigner must show his/her assimilation into the Algerian community, show proof of lawful residence in Algeria for at least 7 years before the date of application, must be of good character, justify sufficient livelihood, and have a healthy body and spirit. With respect to dual citizenship, this is allowed in Algeria and any Algerian citizen acquiring second citizenship will not lose their original citizenship. Reciprocally, foreign nationals who acquire Algerian citizenship are not required to renounce their original nationality, following the repeal of Article 3 in the National Code amendment of 2005. Algerian citizens are not required to register or justify their dual citizenship status.
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Acknowledgments Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates would like to acknowledge the contribution of the following law firms for their input in compiling the individual country profiles.
Afghanistan
Mr Khalid Massoudi Masnad Law Firm Street 3, Qalai Fathullah, Kabul, Afghanistan khalid.massoudi@gmail.com +93 730 830 830 www.masnad.af
Albania
Elda Llambi LPA Law Firm Albania Ltd Themistokli Gërmenji St., ‘Pegaso’ Building, 7th Floor - Tirana, Albania ellambi@lpalbania.com, ohoxholli@lpalbania.com + 355 4 242 1234 www.lpalbania.com
Algeria
Khaled Goussanem Goussanem & Aloui Law Firm 02, rue Omar Bencheickh Boulevard Larbi Ben M’hidi Alger centre, Alger ALGERIA secretariat@algeria-lawyers.com + 213 (0) 770 902 516 www.algeria-lawyers.com
Antigua and Barbuda
Radford Hill Hill&Hill Attorneys-at-Law & Notaries Public Long Street, P.O. Box 909, St. John’s, Antigua R.Hill@lawhillandhill.com +268 462-4717 www.lawhillandhill.com
Armenia
Hasmik Ohnikyan iLex Law Firm Armenia 81/1 Yerznkyan street, 0033, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia shavarsh@ilex.am +374 93 28 30 74, +374 99 55 37 85 www.ilex.am
Australia
Radhika S. Naidu Legal on London 1/59 Scott Street, Liverpool NSW 2170 rnaidu@onlondon.com.au +02 6181 2000 www.onlondon.com.au
Azerbaijan
Mehri Rzayeva BM Morrison Partners LLC English Yard Business Center, Villa 9, Mammad Araz Street 43, AZ 1106, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic MRzayeva@bmlawaz.com +994 12 497 19 14 www.bmlawaz.com
Bangladesh
Barrister Sabrina Zarin FM Associates Gulshan Office: 1st Floor, House# 88 Road#10/1, Block-D, Niketon, Dhaka, Bangladesh sabrina@fma.com.bd +8801819212002 www.fmassociatesbd.com
Barbados
Diana Regina Douglin Regina Lex Attorneys Devon House, Worthing, Christ Church, BB15008, Barbados, West Indies dianadouglin@reginalex.com 1 (246) 537-0050 www.reginalex.com
Chetcuti Cauchi, Temple Chambers Office, London
Andorra
Karima Sliman Auge’ Legal & Fiscal Carrer Pere d’Urg, 10 Edifici Ag-Montducal, 5e’ ksliman@augelegalifiscal.com +376803636 www.augelegalfiscal.com
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Belarus
Austria
Florian Proell Dr. Florian Proell & Colleagues Herrengasse 1-3 /2nd floor, 1010 Vienna, Austria office@viennalawyers.com +43 1 93084 3001 www.viennalawyers.com
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Vassili Salei, Illia Salei, Anastasia Morgun Borovtsov & Salei | Law Firm, Attorneys-at-Law 4 Svabody Square, 3rd Floor, Minsk, 220030, Belarus info@borovtsovsalei.com +375 17 260 00 04 www.borovtsovsalei.com
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Acknowledgments
Belgium
Céline Verbrouck Altea Avocats Bld Louis Schmidtlaan 56, 1040 Brussels cv@altea.be + 322 894 45 73 www.altea.be
Bhutan
Prakash Rasaily Clues & Colleague Flat 1, Lhaki Shopping Center, Near Hotel Phuntsho Pelri, Phendey Lham, P.O. Box 503, Thimphu, Bhutan (Asia) cluesandcolleague@gmail.com (+9752) 325572/335761 www.clueslaw.com
Bolivia
Rigoberto Paredes & Asociados La Paz, Federico Zuazo # 1942, Edificio Rent A Car, Pisos 1 y 2. abogados@rigobertoparedes.com +591 (2)2-444354 www.rigobertoparedes.com
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zana Kamberović Marić & Co Law Firm LLC Mehmeda Spahe 26, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina zana.kamberovic@mariclaw.com +263 (0)4 756 340 www.mariclaw.com
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Botswana
Piyush Sharma Piyush Sharma Attorneys & Co Plot 14456, Kamushongo Road, Gaborone West, Gaborone, Botswana sharma@sharma.co.bw +267 319 1622 www.sharma.co.bw
Cameroon
Gael Tchouba Citadel Law Firm 758, Blvd de la reunification, 3rd floor Aziccul Building, DLA lawyers@citadellawfirm.cm +237 243386849
Canada
Brazil
Maria Carolina De Souza Guazzelli Felsberg Avogados Av. Cidade Jardim, 803 - 5º andar (5th floor), Edifício Cidade Jardim, Itaim Bibi - São Paulo - SP, Brasil, CEP (Zip Code) 01453-000 CarolinaGuazzelli@felsberg.com.br +55 (11) 3141-9104 www.felsberg.com.br
Bulgaria
Valeria Ilareva Foundation for Access to Rights (FAR) Bulgaria, 1582 Sofia, Bul. Prof. Tsvetan Lazarov, No. 130, office 9 Valeria.ilareva@farbg.eu +359 888 401 489 www.farbg.eu
Cambodia
Sereyrath Kiri Husky and Partners 233D, Street 271, Tuol Tompung II, Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia sereyrath@huskyandpartners.com +855 12 223387 www.huskyandpartners.com
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Jacqueline R. Bart BARTLAW | Canadian Immigration, Barristers & Solicitors 8 Wellington Street East, Suite 200 Toronto, Canada | M5E 1C5 bart@bartlaw.ca +416-601-1346 (198) www.bartlaw.ca
Cayman Islands
Nicholas Joseph HSM 68 Fort Street, George Town, PO Box 31726, Grand Cayman KY1-1207, Cayman Islands njoseph@hsmoffice.com +1 345 815 7425 www.hsmoffice.com
Chile
Marlene Brokering Brokering Abocados Cerro Colorado 5870 Office 211 B, Las Condes – Santiago de Chile brokering@brokering.cl +56-2 29853529 www.brokering.cl
Croatia
Marko Barbarić VUKMIR & ASSOCIATES ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Ltd. Gramaca 2L, 10000, Zagreb Croatia vukmir@vukmir.net +385 1376 0511 www.vukmir.net
Cyprus
Ms Areti Charidemou Chetcuti Cauchi Areti Charidemou & Associates LLC 21 Vasili Michailidi Street, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus info@cclex.com +357 2203 0262 www.cccyprus.com
Czech Republic
Veronika Plešková HAVEL & PARTNERS s.r.o. Florentinum, Reception A, Na Florenci 2116/15, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic veronika.pleskova@havelpartners.cz +420 255 000 111 www.havelpartners.cz
Denmark
Veronika Plešková HAVEL & PARTNERS s.r.o. Florentinum, Reception A, Na Florenci 2116/15, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic veronika.pleskova@havelpartners.cz +420 255 000 111 www.havelpartners.cz
Ecuador
Daniela Pombo Díaz Legalys Calle Coronel Carlos Guerrero entre Bossano y Bosmediano. Edificio Siena. Numeración 33-107. Oficina 702 , Quito – Ecuador ecuador@legalys.com + 593 983955363 www.legalys.com
Estonia
Valters Gencs Gencs Valters Law Firm World Trade Center 6th floor, Ahtri street 12, 10151 Tallinn, Estonia valters.gencs@gencs.eu +372 61 91 000 www.gencs.eu
Finland
Emiljan Ceci Finnish Law and Economy Law Firm Tekniikantie 12, 02150, Espoo, Finland Emiljan.ceci@suomenlaki.fi +358 46 656 0612 www.suomenlaki.fi
France
Andreea Haulbert Karl Waheed Avocats 34 rue Henri Chevreau 75020 Paris cabinet@karlwaheed.fr +33 1 43 66 94 27 www.karlwaheed.fr
Germany
Ethiopia
Benyam Tafesse Dubero Mehrteab Leul & Associates Law Office Africa Avenue, Dembel City Centre, 8th Floor (Via Lift No. 4) R. No. 805A, Ethiopia Benyam@mehrteableul.com +251 115 15 97 98 www.mehrteableul.com
Fiji
Radhika S. Naidu Messrs Reddy Law 3 Nede Street Street, Lautoka, Fiji radhika.naidu@reddylaw.com.fj +679 6650582
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Thomas Oberhäuser, Kanzlei am Ulmer Münster Münsterplatz 13, 89073 Ulm, Germany to@KanzleiAmMuenster.de +49 (0)731 140 41-0 www.kanzleiammuenster.de
Ghana
Paa Kwesi Hagan Globetrotters Legal #8 Adembra road, East Cantoments, Accra – Ghana paakwesi@gtlegalafrica.com +233 302 789 497 www.gtlegalafrica.com
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Acknowledgments
Greece
Theodoros Giannakopoulos Kyriakides Georgopoulos Law Firm 28 Dimitriou Soutsou str., 115 21 Athens e.mitsopoulou@kglawfirm.gr +30 210 817 1500 www. kglawfirm.gr
Honduras
Daniel Matamoros Edificio Casa Blanca, French Harbour, Carretera Principal, Frente a Plaza McNab Roatan Islas de la Bahia, Honduras daniel@danielmatamoros.com +504 3351-8531 www.danielmatamoros.com
Hungary
Várady Endre VJT & Partners Law Firm, Budapest, Hungary Kernstok Károly tér 8, 1126 Budapest, Hungary varadye@vjt-partners.com +36 1 501 9900 www.vjt-partners.com
India
Mr Prashant Ajmera Law office of Prashant Ajmera & Associates 5, Shivam Complex, 3rd Floor, Nr. H. L. Comm. College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India prashant@ajmeralaw.com +91 98 9869 8184 www.ajmeralaw.com
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Indonesia
Philo Dellano PNB Law Firm Multindo Persada Building, 6th Floor, Jl. Mampang Prapatan Raya No. 26 dejong@pnblawfirm.com +62 21 2279 2254 www.pnbimmigrationlawfirm.com
Japan
Mr Masachika Sawano Kusunoki, Iwasaki & Sawano Law Office Holland Hills Mori Tower 11F, 5-11-1 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 Japan sawano@k-i.jp +81 3 6402 4575 www.k-i.jp
Kazakhstan
Ireland
Hiro Ino Hiro Ino & Co. Solicitors, 92-93 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2 info@hiroino.ie +353-14283550
Israel
Amit Acco and Mary Tsakadze Kan-Tor & Acco 12 Begin St, Ramat Gan 52521 Israel Amit@ktalegal.com, tsakadzem@mx.lakeforest.edu +972 3 613 8202 www.ktalegal.com
Italy
Barbara Cova, Giuditta De Ricco Mazzeschi Law Firm Via Pieve in Piano, 105 53034 Colle di Val D’Elsa Siena citizenship@mazzeschi.it +39 05779 26921 www.mazzeschi.it
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Assem Yergaliyeva KBA-consult Edem Trade Complex, Turan Avenue 19, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan office@kba-consult.com +7 (701) 610 0882 www.kba-consult.com
Kosovo
Taulant Hodaj Hodaj & Partners LLC Str. Fehmi Agani No. 79 Pristina, Kosovo hodaj@hodajlaw.com +377 44 337 378 +381 38 71 75 74 www.hodajlaw.com
Kyrgyzstan
Eldiiar Raiymkulov Kalikova & Associates (K&A) 71 Erkindik Avenue, 720040, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic utilenbaev@k-a.kg +996 (312) 66-60-60 www.k-a.kg
Latvia
Valters Gencs Gencs Valters Law Firm Valdemara Center 3rd floor, Kr. Valdemara street 21, LV- 1010, Riga, Latvia valters.gencs@gencs.eu +371 67 24 00 90 www.gencs.eu
Lithuania
Valters Gencs Gencs Valters Law Firm J. Basanavičiaus street 26, 1st floor, LT03109, Vilnius, Lithuania valters.gencs@gencs.eu +370 52 61 10 00 www.gencs.eu
Luxembourg
Joram Moyal MMS Avocats 14a, rue des Bains, L-1212 Luxembourg j.moyal@mms-legal.com +352 26 20 30 06 / +352 691 801 109 www.mms-legal.com
Macao
Mr. Tiago Assunção Manuela António – Lawyers and Notaries Alameda Dr. Carlos D’Assumpção, nos. 411-417, Dynasty Plaza, 15th floor D-H, Macau info@mantonio.net +853 28 591 592 / 128 www.mantonio.net
Maldives
Mr. Shuaib M. Shah Shah, Hussain & Co. Barristers and Attorneys 6th Floor, Aage’ 12 Boduthakurufaanu Magu Henveiru Male’ 20094 Republic of Maldives shuaib@shclawyers.com (+960) 33 33 6 44 www.shclawyers.com
Malta
Dr. Antoine Saliba Haig Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates 120, St Ursula Street Valletta, VLT 1236 +356 2205 6200 www.cclex.com
Montenegro
Milos Komnenic Milos Komnenic Ulica Ljubljanska br. 16, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro milos.komnenic@klo.co.me +382 67 227 078 www.klo.co.me
Montserrat
Kharl Markham Allen Markham & Associates P.O. Box 1, 100 Banks Estate, Banks, Montserrat, British West Indies kmarkham@allenmarkham.com +001 664 491 2498/2848 www.allenmarkham.com
Morocco
Moldova
Serghei Zaharcenco Brodsky Uskov Looper Reed&Partners 17, Kogalniceanu Str., MD-2001, Chishinau, Republic of Moldova s.zaharcenco@bulr.com, info@bulr.com + (373) 22 23 23 24 www.bulr.com/
Monaco
Alex Sullivan ARGENTUM 74, BD D’ITALIE 98000 Monaco info@argentum.mc +377 93 25 87 97 www.argentum.mc
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Abdelatif Boulalf Boulalf & Mekkaoui Law Firm Forum Bab Abdelaziz - 62, Angle Bd Moulay Youssef et Bd d’Anfa, 4ème étage, 20020 Casablanca – Maroc boulalf@boulalf.net +212 (0)5 22 29 89 29 (30) www.boulalf.net
Nepal
Ms Usha Pandey Pradhan & Associates 37-9 Gaurav Marg, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal upandey@pradhanlaw.com 977 1 425 2272 www.pradhanlaw.com
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Acknowledgments
Netherlands
Sarah Lindeboom Kroes Advocaten Immigration Lawyers De Ruijterkade 112, 1101 AB Amsterdam, Postal Address: P.O. Box 17186, 1001 JD Amsterdam Lindeboom@kroesadvocaten.nl +31 (0)20 5207058 www.kroesadvocaten.nl
New Zealand
Simon Laurent Laurent Law 408 Mt Eden Rd, Mt Eden, Auckland 1024, NEW ZEALAND slaurent@laurentlaw.co.nz +09 630 0411 www.laurentlaw.co.nz
Nicaragua
Rodrigo Antonio Taboada Rodríguez Consortium Legal – Nicaragua Del Antiguo Hospital Militar, 1 cuadra al norte, Managua, Nicaragua nicaragua@consortiumlegal.com +505 2254-5454 www.consortiumlegal.com
Nigeria
Omolola Ahmed Famsville Solicitors 128B Association Way Dolphin Estate, ikoyi Lagos, Nigeria omolola.ahmed@famsvillesolicitors.com +234 80 6280 1020 www.famsvillelaw.com
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North Macedonia
Elena Nakova Elena Nakova- Attorney at law 11a Gjuro Strugar st. (map), 1000 Skopje, Macedonia lawyer@advokatnakova.com +38971808008 www.advokatnakova.com
Norway
Arild Humlen Humlen advokater AS Grensen 16, 3 rd. floor 0159 Oslo arild.humlen@humlov.no +47 22 41 44 44 www.humlenadvokater.no
Paraguay
Rubén Maciel Guerreño RMG Abogados Narciso López 792 Asunción – Paraguay ruben@rmg.com.py +595 21 420 995 www.rmg.com.py
Peru
Carlos E. Margary Brignole Salas Riso Patron y Margary Abogados Av. Santa Cruz N° 830 Oficina 601, Miraflores cmargary@srpmlegal.pe +511 617-6363 www.srpmlegal.pe
Philippines
Pakistan
Aamir Hameed Mirza Aamir Mirza Law Associates Plot 14, Suite 2, Level 3, Urban Boulevard Bahria Enclave Islamabad 44000 Pakistan aamir.mirza@aamirmirzalaw.org (+92 51) 84 66 190 www.aamirmirzalaw.org
Alexander Llanes Acain Jr. Esq. Guzman Acain Law Offices Suite 614 | 6/F CityLand Pasong Tamo Tower 2210 Don Chino Roces Avenue, Pio Del Pilar, Makati City alexacain@gtalawphil.com +632 4033478 www.gtalawphil.com
Poland
Panama
Natalia Mulford Hoyos Mulford Abogados 56th and 57th St, Obarrio. Sortis Business Tower. Office 10 H. Panama City, Panama natalia@mulfordabogados.com +507 203-2074 www. mulfordabogados.com
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Karolina Schiffter Raczkowski Paruch sp.k ul. Bonifraterska 17 00-203 Warszawa karolina.schiffter@raczkowski.eu +48 22 380 42 50 www.raczkowski.eu
Portugal
Teresa Patrício Teresa Patrício & Associados, Sociedade de Advogados, SP, RL Campo Grande, 46D - 1º Dto 1700-093 Lisboa info@tpalaw.pt +351 217 981 030 www.tpalaw.pt
Romania
Florina-Rodica Ciocan Cabinet de Avocat “Ciocan FlorinaRodica” 15 Charles de Gaulle Plaza, 3 Floor District 1, Bucharest, Romania. fgradeanu@gradeanu.ro +40 727555041 www.gradeanu.ro
Russia
Yulia Chekmareva Ivanyan & Partners Kadashevskaya nab., 14, bldg. 3 Moscow, 119017, Russian Federation msk_office@iplf.ru +7 (495) 647 00 46 www.ivanyanandpartners.ru
Saint Lucia
Nicholas John Global Citizens Caribbean Inc Third Floor, Hewanorra House Trou Garnier Financial Centre Pointe Seraphine Castries, Saint Lucia, West Indies globalcitizensslu@gmail.com (+758) 452 2000, (+758) 451 9237 www.saintluciaeconomiccitizenship. com
Serbia
Filip Milošević Law Office Milošević Prote Mateje 24, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia f.milosevic@lawmilos.rs +381 11 3441 161 +381 11 3440 532 www.lawmilos.rs
Singapore
Koh C-u Pinn Arielle Law Corporation 51 Goldhill Plaza, #07-04 Singapore 308900 ask@ariellelaw.com +65 6268 8963 www.ariellelaw.com
Sint Maarten
Willem Nelissen Lexwell Attorneys Falcon Drive 2, Harbour View Philipsburg, Sint Maarten Wnelissen@lexwell.net +1 721 542 4670 www.lexwell.net
Slovak Republic
Ondřej Majer Havel, Holásek & Partners s. r. o., advokátska kancelária Zuckermandel Center, Žižkova 7803/9, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovak Republic ondrej.majer@ havelholasek.sk +421 232 113 900 www.havelholasek.cz/en
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South Africa
David Williams-Ashman Ashman Attorneys Rose Street Chambers, 35-on-Rose, 35 Rose Street, Bo-Kaap, Cape Town, 8001 dave@ashmanattorneys.co.za +27 21 422 3720 www.ashmanattorneys.com
South Korea
Simon dokyung Lee Pureum Law Office 308, Itaewon-ro 217, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04349, South Korea simon@pureumlawoffice.com +82 2 790 7303 www.pureumlawoffice.com
Spain
Andrés de Ceballos Cabrillo Ceballos Abogados Pza. Ángel Menéndez 3, 2º izqda 39300 Torrelavega, Cantabria aceballos@abogceballos.com +34 942803532 www.abogceballos.com
Sri Lanka
Thushangi Atapattu Simon & Associates, Attorneys-at-Law No. 40, 3rd Floor, Galle Face Court 02, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka thushangi@simonas.net +94-112333431 www.simonas.net
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Acknowledgments
St. Kitts and Nevis
Dia C. Forrester Daniel Brantely law firm Juris Building, Main Street, P.O. Box 480, Charlestown Nevis, W.I. Dia.Forrester@DanielBrantley.com +1 869 662 2350 www.danielbrantley.com
Sudan
Dr. Sami Abdelhalim Saeed. Cross Regional Law Firm Algassr St, Khartoum, Sudan advosami@hotmail.com +249912831336 www.crlfsd.com
Switzerland
Roger Breitenstein Chetcuti Cauchi Advocates Seehofstrasse 4 Zürich, CH-8008 rbreitenstein@cclex.com +41 445 087 172 www.chetcuticauchi.com
Tajikistan
Alisher Hoshimov Centil Law Firm 22 Shotemur str., Dushanbe, Tajikistan alisher.k@centil.law +992 37 2212179 www.centil.law
Dual Citizenship Report
The Gambia
Ida D. Drameh Ida D. Drameh & Associates 13A Marina Parade. Banjul, The Gambia info@drameh.com +220 4228882 www.drameh.com
Trinidad and Tobago
Garvin Edward T. Nicholas LLB Odysseus Chambers 11 St Vincent Street, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago gnicholas@odysseuschambers.com +868 231-4028 www.odysseuschambers.com
Turkey
Mazlum Sen Sen International Abdi İpekçi Cad. Yorulmaz Apt. No:17/2 Nişantaşı, İstanbul bilgi@sen-international.com +90 212 296 54 04 www.sen-international.com
Turkmenistan
Dilshad Khabibullaev Centil Law Firm 32, T.Shevchenko Str., 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan dilshad.k@centil.law + 99871 120-4778 www.centil.law
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Ukraine
Alexander Gubin AGA Partners Kuznetsky Business Center, 64/16 Antonovycha Street, 03150, Kyiv, Ukraine gubin@agalawyers.org +38 044 237 79 33 / 43 www.agalawyers.org
United Kingdom
Conor Boyd Kingsley Napley LLP Knights Quarter 14 St John’s Lane London EC1M 4AJ eguild@kingsleynapley.co.uk nrollason@ kingsleynapley.co.uk +44 207 814 1200 www.kingsleynapley.co.uk.
Venezuela
Francisco Javier Ochoa Legalys Av. Miranda, Centro Plaza Torre A, Pº 12, Ofc 12-F, Urb. Los Palos Grandes, Caracas fjochoa@legalys.com + 58 212 286 4196 www.legalys.com
Zimbabwe
Tich Muhonde Muhonde Attorneys Law Firm 8th Floor, FBC House, 113 Leopold Takawira Street, Harare, Zimbabwe tich@muhondeattorneys.com +263 (0)4 756 340 www.muhondeattorneys.com
Uruguay
Sofia Moyano Galante & Martins Bulevar Artigas 1154 – CP. 11300, Montevideo Uruguay +598 2 7087172 www.galantemartins.com
Uzbekistan
Dilshad Khabibullaev Centil Law Firm 32, T.Shevchenko Str., 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan dilshad.k@centil.law + 99871 120-4778 www.centil.law
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Worldwide Offices
MALTA 120 Chetcuti Cauchi Lower St Ursula Street Valletta VLT1236 Malta Tel: +356 2205 6200
CYPRUS 21 Vasili Michailidi Street, 3026, Limassol, Cyprus Tel: +357 2505 4760
LONDON 259 Temple Chambers 3-7 Temple Avenue London EC4Y 0HP UK Tel: +44 7583 9433
ZÜRICH Seehofstrasse 4 Zürich, CH-8008 Switzerland Tel: +41 445 087 172
HONG-KONG 66/F, The Center, 99 Queens Road Central, Hong Kong Tel: +852 39653015
Email: info@dualcitizenshipreport.org
Chetcuti Cauchi Valletta Office
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Disclaimer The materials contained in this document are provided for general information purposes only and are not intended to provide legal or other professional advice. The information provided in this report is accurate as at March 2019. We accept no responsibility for any direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage which may arise from reliance on information contained in this document. Readers are advised to seek confirmation of statements made herein before acting upon them; specialist advice should also be sought on your particular cases. Please feel free to contact us at your convenience. Dual Citizenship Report
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