Daytona Times - September 18, 2014

Captain Citrus to the rescue of struggling industry SEE PAGE 3

East Central Florida’s Black Voice

EE FR

RAYNARD JACKSON: National Football League threw Ray Rice under the bus SEE PAGE 4

WHEN THIS HUGE DINOSAUR ROAMED EARTH, OTHERS GOT OUT OF THE WAY SEE PAGE 7

SEPTEMBER 18 - SEPTEMBER 24, 2014

YEAR 39 NO. 38

50 more bodycams requested by DBPD

BY ASHLEY D. THOMAS DAYTONA TIMES aysheldarcel@gmail.com

An additional 50 body cameras have been requested by the Daytona Beach Police Department to the City of Daytona Beach. The Axon Flex body cameras used by law enforcement total $204,103 including associated mounting hardware, camera docking stations, hosted software service, data storage and hardware

maintenance from Taser International. The expense will be spread over a fiveyear period.

Currently 50 officers are assigned with the 2.5-inch cameras. Approval will bring the number to 100 – almost half of the 231 sworn officers on the force.

Cameras for all “Eventually the chief (Michael Chitwood) would like to have every police officer with the Daytona

Beach Police Department equipped with a body camera. Now is that going to happen? We don’t know, but we would love to have that,” DBPD Public Information Officer Jimmie Flynt said in an interview with the Daytona Times.

Funding for the “bodycams” come from seized drug money. Such funds can go toward these cameras or other technology.

The Axon website boasts several features of the cameras, including a 130-de-

gree lens which “provides a greater field of view, letting officers capture more of what they experienced,” a pre-event video buffer yielding “the greatest reduction in complaints and lawsuits when actions leading up to the incidents are recorded,” a full shift battery lasting 12 hours, and the “improved behavior of all parties during police interaction.”

Another request to Please see DBPD, Page 2

www.daytonatimes.com

PEOPLE SPEAK COMPILED BY ASHLEY D. THOMAS

Corporal punishment – Yes or no?

In the wake of child abuse allegations brought against NFL star running back Adrian Peterson, the question of how to discipline children again has taken the national spotlight.

Laws vary from state to state but at home, corporal punishment is technically legal in all 50 states. Florida Statute Section 39.01 states, “Corporal discipline of a child by a parent or legal custodian for disciplinary purposes does not in itself constitute abuse when it does not result in harm to the child.”

“Whipping, we do that all the time,” Charles Barkley said while addressing the controversy on CBS Sports’ The NFL Today. “Every Black parent in the South is going to be in jail under those circumstances.”

Peterson’s actions have sparked a nationwide debate over physical discipline after he admitted to police that he used corporal punishment on his 4-year-old son by ‘whipping’ him with a ‘switch’ (a thin branch from a shrub or tree, typically with leaves removed). The switch left bruises to the child’s back, buttocks, ankles, legs and scrotum, along with defensive wounds to the child’s hands.

The Daytona Times took to the streets to find out what Daytona Beach residents had to say about corporal punishment, its effectiveness and whether or not they agree with the punishment.

Betty Weary

It should be illegal. Some people, now days, don’t know how to spank a kid. When I was growing up as a child we got spankings with extension cords, belts and everything else. But now people just beat the **** out of their kids and nothing is usually being said. The neighbors and everybody else is afraid of saying anything so yes I do think it should be illegal.

Betty Weary

Danny Weed

I think if you bring up your kids right you don’t need to give spankings. I have two kids and I haven’t touched them at all, a ten-year-old and a sixteen year old. If you just bring them up the right way, you won’t have the need for the spankings.

Danny Weed

ASHLEY D. THOMAS/DAYTONA TIMES

For Charles Bethune, the fight against tobacco use is personal and professional.

Health educator takes stand against smoking

BY ASHLEY D. THOMAS DAYTONA TIMES aysheldarcel@gmail.com

Charles Bethune is the new Students Working Against Tobacco (SWAT) coordinator at the Florida Department of Health in Volusia County.

The Mainland High School and Bethune-Cookman University graduate has been working to establish Volusia County SWAT clubs for the 2014-2015 school year at local Volusia County mid-

dle schools.

SWAT is Florida’s statewide youth organization whose mission is to mobilize, educate and equip Florida youth to reject and deglamorize tobacco use.

Grandparents died “I lost my grandparents at a time in life from tobacco use that was hard on mother. Her mother died at about 58 years old and I lost my grandfather at about 62,” Bethune shared.

“My father today is 92, will be 93 in November. I lost my mother at 83, and neither one of them was a smoker. That right there shows me that if you aren’t using the product, your longevity can be extended.”

Although the school year is just getting back into full swing, Bethune says that many of the Volusia County middle schools are already on board and standing by ordinances given from cities within the county that take a stand against to-

Daytona Beach City Commissioner Paula Reed was recognized

by Bethune-Cookman University and Onyx Magazine Sept. 10 during a reception held at the Mary McLeod Bethune Performing Arts Center for her commitment of support to the university and for other civic accomplishments.

Onyx is a Floridabased publication that focuses on the accomplishments of AfricanAmericans. She was quoted in the publi-

ALSO INSIDE

cation as saying, “The real difference begins with local government. If not you, then who? If not now, then when? Begin by serving on a local board. Often times the decisions made at City Hall effect and affect us more than we realize. Let’s make a difference.”

Reed serves in Zone 6 where her district includes half of BethuneCookman.

Mayor Derrick Henry and Commissioner Patrick Henry have also been highlighted in the publication.

Joe Harris

Please see SWAT, Page 2

Reed recognized for accomplishments FROM STAFF REPORTS

Brigitte Spearmon

Don Grady

I think beating with any kind of stick or limb is not morally right at all. I got spankings when I was a child, but never with a stick. I think it should be other forms of discipline parents used. I didn’t get many spankings growing up and that was because my mother talked to us (self and siblings). It is not the ‘in’ thing now to beat your child like when I was coming up.

Brigitte Spearmon You got to spank them or they will spank you sooner or later. Just like if a child takes something in the store, you take them back in the store and you spank them. I don’t give a damn about what people say. Don’t abuse them, but sometimes you have to chastise them. Something else – in the school nowadays, a child does wrong at school and you suspend him for four days to sit at home and watch TV. That’s not discipline. Next week he is going to do the same thing again.

Joe Harris Spanking should not be illegal. I think it shouldn’t go to the extreme with bruises, cuts, all that. As long as you don’t bruise them, I think it will be alright.

Don Grady You’re asking me? I think if a child needs it then spank. My kids were bad.

I spanked.

Charity Leese

Charity Leese

Rich Black, owner of Onyx Magazine; Michelle Tatom; Commissioner Paula Reed; B-CU President Dr. Edison O. Jackson; and Lester Seays, former owner of Onyx Magazine, are pictured.

Virginia Olson

I believe in spanking. I don’t believe in brutalizing and torturing them. The switch is too much. I had a switch when I was a kid, had to go out and pick it. But a spank? That’s fine and there is a difference. I have three grandkids and I can tell you “timeout” does nothing. But they remember when you smack them on the hand.

At four years old, a switch is way too much. If you have a tendency to have a temper, let the mother discipline them.

That shouldn’t be your job. You probably have other things that you are good at that you can take control of.

Virginia Olson

FLORIDA: REPORT SHOWS WIDESPREAD PROBLEMS IN MIAMI-DADE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM | PAGE 3 HEALTH: SOUTHERN STATES CREATE A NEW FACE OF AIDS | PAGE 5

7 FOCUS

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SEPTEMBER 18 – SEPTEMBER 24, 2014

Human West Nile Virus case now confirmed in Volusia The Florida Department of Health in Volusia County is advising residents to take precautions due to increased mosquito-borne disease activity in areas of Volusia County.

A suspect human case of West Nile illness has been confirmed by the state laboratory and there is a heightened concern that additional residents may become ill. The case involves a 34-year-old female.

West Nile virus (WNV) is most commonly transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. There are no medications to treat or vaccines to prevent WNV infection.

Fortunately, most people infected with WNV will have no symptoms. About one in five people who are infected will develop a fever with other symptoms.

Less than one percent of infected people develop a se-

BRIEFS

City crews flush water through hydrants Daytona Beach crews will continue to rigorously flush the water distribution system by systematically opening valves and hydrants throughout the city. The operation, which will release about 2 million

State officials are promoting the potential for long-term savings on utility bills as they tout salestax breaks this weekend for shoppers who buy energy-saving and waterconserving appliances.

The discount period, which begins Friday, is the third sales-tax “holiday” offered by Florida lawmakers as part of an election-year package of tax cuts.

From Friday through Sunday, sales taxes won’t be collected on the first $1,500 of the purchase price of certain Environmental Protection Agency-designated Energy Star and WaterSense products, including new refrigerators, dishwashers, ceiling fans and even light bulbs.

Future savings “You don’t have to spend a lot to save, but every little bit you save on your taxes this weekend will also save on your

is Sunsplash Park, 611 S. Atlantic Avenue, and Daytona Beach City Island, 105 E. Magnolia Avenue for clean up in the Halifax River.

Volunteers are encouraged to bring used plastic shopping bags and garden gloves.

Last year 1,775 volunteers cleaned 8,315 pounds of trash off 83 miles of the coastlines. A special memento will be given to all preregistered participants.

For more information about the cleanup call Volusia County’s Environmental Management Office at 386-238-4716.

White Tent Bazaar gallons of potable water, is done routinely to maintain water quality following a disinfectant conversion period.

Flushing will continue on week days from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. through next week.

Crews will start in the western portion of the city and progress eastward toward the beach. No more than two hydrants will be opened in an area at one time, and crews will remain with the hydrants

Tax ‘holiday’ ready for energy-saving appliances

BY JIM TURNER AND TOM URBAN THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

rious, sometimes fatal, neurologic illness.

The county is already under a mosquito-borne illness advisory since June of this year after Eastern equine encephalitis was confirmed in three horses and several sentinel chickens. The advisory has been extended.

Residents and visitors are reminded to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes and to take basic precautions to help limit exposure. Volusia County Mosquito Control and the health department continue surveillance and prevention efforts and encourage everyone to take basic precautions to help limit exposure by following the Department of Health recommendations.

Tips for keeping mosquitos at bay include draining water from any container that collects rain water such as garbage cans, house gutters an buckets, birdbaths and emptying plastic swimming pools when not in use. Also cover skin with clothing or repellent.

For more information, visit DOH’s web site at www. doh.state.fl.us/Environment/medicine/arboviral/index.html.

electric and water bill in the future,” said Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services spokeswoman Erin Gillespie. “People that buy the appliances can save anywhere from $1 to $100, but more than that, you’ll save on your electric bill every month that you have that appliance or product in your house.”

The discount period isn’t anticipated to drive as many shoppers to the stores as the more popular back-to-school tax “holiday,” which was held in August, or even a taxfree period in June on certain hurricane supplies.

Many of the discount items this weekend are considered bigger-ticket items purchased more out of necessity than on a whim – refrigerators, clothes washers, dishwashers, swimming pool pumps, water heaters, weather-based irrigation controllers and high-efficiency toilets.

But not everything on the exemption list is a costly purchase, as Energy Star and WaterSenseapproved products in-

while they are flushing to carefully monitor flows, pressures and amounts of water in the roadways.

In an effort to protect lawns, diffusers will be used to redirect water and reduce any ground disturbance. It is safe for water customers to use water throughout the flushing process.

Utilities staff will be available to field calls from customers. Their number is 386-671-8815.

clude light bulbs, air purifiers, ceiling fans, shower heads and bathroom sink faucets.

State economists, sitting as the Revenue Estimating Conference, have projected that the overall savings for shoppers this weekend could dent the revenue of state and local governments between $890,000 and $2.67 million.

By comparison, the same economists projected the “holiday” period for back-to-school items reduced state revenue by $32.3 million and local revenue to the tune of $7.3 million.

Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam, who pitched the energysavings tax discount nearly a year ago as part of his 2014 legislative agenda, put the consumer savings around $900,000. But he also sees the products as helping the state longterm.

The Tallahassee-based Florida Retail Federation is looking at closer to the $2 million number, expecting the sales-tax discount to be popular for shoppers who have been looking to replace aging appliances.

Beach and river clean up event Volunteers are needed to remove trash and debris from Volusia beaches and waterways on September 20 from 8 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. There are many starting points throughout the County from Oak Hill to Ormond Beach.

Daytona Beach’s checkin point for beach cleanup

DBPD

from Page 1 be heard from the DBPD heard at the meeting is to add ten officers at $800,000.

Unmarked vehicle request Additionally. a resolution heard by the City Commission requesting the authorization of the rental of ten unmarked vehicles for the undercover unit of the DBPD was also expected pass at Wednesday night’s commission meeting.

from Page 1 bacco use in youth and especially against the sale of flavored tobacco products.

Involving the county

ASHLEY D. THOMAS/DAYTONA TIMES

Estate planning

A Lunch n’ Lecture on “Estate planning – When a will is not enough” will be held Sept. 24 from 11 a.m.-12:30 p.m. at the Palm Coast Community Center, 305 Palm Coast Parkway NE. The workshop is free however pre-registration is required by 11 a.m. Sept.

22. Sign up at www.palmcoastgov.com/register. For more information call 386986-2323.

Free Friday-night concerts planned at Funk Fest In line with its mission to support local artists, Funky Trunk Treasures in Downtown DeLand is inviting music lovers to enjoy local talent at its free “Funk Fest” concerts on Friday nights from 8:30 p.m. – 10:30 p.m. beginning September 26 at 222 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand,

DBPD is requesting that the city pay for additional body camera similar to this unit.

SWAT

This model of ‘Mr. Gross Mouth’ shows the impact of smoking on the teeth, gums, palate and tongue.

The Daytona Deliverance Church of God will be sponsoring a “White Tent Bazaar” on Sept. 20 from 8 a.m. – 3 p.m. on the church grounds, 601 George W. Engram Blvd. There will be food, clothes and household items for sale at this fund raising event.

Flagler NAACP meeting The Flagler County NAACP will hold a membership meeting Sept. 24 at 6 p.m. at the African American Cultural Society, 4422

North U.S. 1, Palm Coast.

The election process will be discussed, in addition to Flagler County Sheriff James Manfre’s discussion on the hiring practice of his department and the recent shooting in Espanola. For further details, contact the NAACP at 386-446-7822.

“We address the county council and have been very successful with the number of resolutions and ordinances that are already in place,” Bethune noted.

Edgewater, Oak Hill, Debary, Ponce Inlet and Pierson are the remaining cities yet to create a flavored tobacco resolution that have not come on board as of yet taking a stand against the products.

“We have eight schools that have engaged themselves in the process of reaching out to their communities and addressing the tobacco ordinances that we are trying to put in place. The kids are very excited about the role that they will play in getting those resolutions resolved,” Bethune shared.

“We try to bring about awareness of what smoking, both sidestream and mainstream smoke presents.”

Mainstream smoke refers specifically to the smoke that a smoker inhales and then exhales, while sidestream smoke refers to the smoke that wafts off the end of a lit cig-

The total cost of the request for the vehicles would not exceed $75,000 annually or $625 per month per vehicle from Enterprise Leasing Company of Orlando LLC. In a memorandum from Chitwood to City Manager James Chisholm, Chitwood asserts that the Police Department “piggyback” off the Seminole County Sheriff’s Department preferred rate.

The maximum rate of $625 per month per vehicle includes coverage of all maintenance from October 2014 through September 2016. Either party may terminate early following

30 days written notice.

Chitwood says in the memorandum that Enterprise was selected because they are the only rental car company contracted by Seminole County that will comply with the confidentiality requirements of the vehicles, and that two other leasing companies contacted did not offer the short-term rental required.

According to the rate agreement proposed by Enterprise, vehicles available for rental include such models as the Dodge Charger, Honda Civic and Hyundai Sonata.

arette, cigar, or pipe.

Looks like candy Flavored tobacco products can be seen on shelves of convenience stores nationwide. Opponents of these products say that although purchasers have to be 18 years old to buy the product, it is marketed to children and younger teens.

Flavored tobacco products are offered in flavors such as pineapple, tropical passion, cherry and bubblegum and wrapped in colorful, shiny packaging, making it more appealing to young people. If placed in a bag of candy, the wrappers blend in with all the other packages.

“We are fiercely committed to preventing the tobacco industry from addicting another generation of smokers,” said Nancy Brown, CEO of the American Heart Association, in a statement.

‘E-cigs’ In addition to the flavored products, there are electronic or e-cigarettes and hookah bars. An e-cigarette is a battery-powered vaporizer that simulates tobacco smoking by producing an aerosol that resembles smoke. The benefits and risks of electronic cigarette use are uncertain.

In hookah bars, patrons share tobacco products by smoking in a group setting.

More than 263,000 non-

TOBACCO FACTS • Eighty-eight people die daily in Florida from tobacco related illnesses.

• Tobacco is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths nationwide.

• Tobacco is the number one preventable cause of death and kills more people every year than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders and suicides combined in Florida.

To start a SWAT club at your school or organization, contact Charles Bethune at 386-2740500 ext. 0794.

smoking kids tried e-cigarettes last year – three times as many as in 2011, according to a study released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About 44 percent of non-smoking kids who experimented with e-cigarettes said they intend to smoke regular cigarettes, compared to 22 percent of kids who had never tried ecigs, the study found.

“We show them the negative, but there is always a positive that comes from it when you stop using it,” Bethune continued.

SEPTEMBER 18DECEMBER – SEPTEMBER 24,2006 2014 14 - 20,

3 7

M FLORIDA AYOR

four lawyers left Children’s Legal Services last week. “Many are inexperienced and overwhelmed,’’ Lederman said.” They need better leadership and training and support.” She also said the quality of casework has declined. “While we have many excellent case workers, there is too much turnover, lack of adequate supervision and follow-through,” she said.

Some of this is due to the increase in cases, Lederman said, but the upshot is that the cases she and other judges see have grown more complex.

“Children are more harmed when we see them,” she said. “It is as if the courtroom has become an emergency room. And we are in the midst of a hurricane.”

Carroll is mapping a series of steps out of the storm. He’s asked Miami-Dade child-welfare leaders to create a steering committee that includes all parts of their system. He said the Department of Children and Families would assist as much as possible, but that the plan had to be local.

Help is on the way

CREDIT: CHUCK FADELY/MIAMI HERALD/MCT

In 2013, defense attorneys huddled with Geralyn Graham, center. Graham was convicted of kidnapping and child abuse charges in the death of Rilya Wilson, a foster child who disappeared in Graham’s care 11 years ago.

Report shows widespread problems in Miami-Dade child welfare system

BY MARGIE MENZEL THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

THE CAPITAL, TALLAHASSEE – A report by a team of childwelfare professionals has identified major problems throughout a system of care that is struggling to protect children in MiamiDade and Monroe counties.

The team of experts, which Department of Children and Families Interim Secretary Mike Carroll recruited in June, found that a sharp rise in the number of children coming into care has strained every part of the network of agencies and service providers.

The report said that between May 2013 and July 2014, the number of children receiving inhome services in Miami-Dade and Monroe counties increased

more than 63 percent, compared to a 1 percent increase statewide.

The number of children in outof-home care increased nearly 36 percent, compared with a 6 percent rise statewide.

“My concern is that folks in that system are tired, they’re burned out, they’re stressed --and we have to find a way to reduce that and get folks working together,” Carroll said. “You can see it not only in the number of kids coming into care, but the turnover rates.”

High staff turnover Staff turnover was high across the board for 2013-14, Carroll said. For the department’s childprotective investigators, who respond to reports of abuse or neglect, turnover was nearly 32 per-

cent. For Children’s Legal Services lawyers --- who also work for DCF, representing dependent children in court --- turnover was 38 percent. For case managers, who oversee foster care, adoption and family services for private agencies, turnover was 32 percent.

Among the report’s other findings: “An absence of genuine partnership and trust among all parties appears to exist.” “(There is) an absence of ongoing leadership collaboration across the system of care. There is a perception that the system lacks transparency while operating in what can be described as a high pressure and critical environment.”

“The (case management agencies) … appear to be under finan-

cial strain as a result of the increase of children into out-ofhome care. This also appears to affect their ability to deliver services.”

Taken together, these factors mean judges must take more time on each case, said Judge Cindy Lederman of MiamiDade’s 11th Judicial Circuit. And that means children stay longer in legal limbo.

“We judges are ultimately responsible for every child,” Lederman said. “We have to question decisions. That is our job. But in the past year, the work required to oversee these cases has increased.”

“Inexperienced and overwhelmed” For instance, Lederman said,

Captain Citrus to the rescue of struggling industry

BY JIM TURNER THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

Florida’s homegrown superhero, Captain Citrus, has undergone a $1 million head-to-toe makeover with the help of comic-book giant Marvel Entertainment.

The muscled-up Captain Citrus, powered by the sun and intended to help boost Florida citrus sales while fighting evil, was unveiled Tuesday by the Department of Citrus at a comic-book store in Tampa.

“Raising awareness of the amazing nutritional benefits of Florida citrus, especially among families, is a priority,” department Executive Director Doug Ackerman said in a prepared statement.

Updated image Through the work of Marvel, Captain Citrus is no longer a rotund creature – basically an ani-

mated orange – from the Planet Orange as first designed by the state agency to be an educational tool to help the struggling citrus industry in 2011.

Now he’s John Polk, empowered by mysterious solar pods found growing in his family’s Central Florida citrus grove. In a debut issue of a digital comic, Polk joins members of the Avengers – Captain America, Thor, Iron Man and Black Widow – to battle a “gamma enhanced evil genius” known as the Leader whose minions have attacked Orlando.

Oh, and clad in a muscle-skimming citrus-hued suit Captain Citrus is still spreading the message of the nutritional value of orange juice.

In the inaugural issue, just before Polk answers the call to help the Avengers, he advises his sister on the need to drink her orange juice as she is soon off to a cheerleading tryout.

Thrasher faces foes as he makes pitch for FSU presidency

BY JIM TURNER THE NEWS SERVICE OF FLORIDA

TALLAHASSEE – Hundreds of students, faculty and staff came out Monday directing pointed questions to Sen. John Thrasher, an influential political figure who is the lone non-academic finalist for the job of Florida State University president.

Thrasher is seeking to succeed former President Eric Barron, an academic with a track record in fundraising who was named president of Penn State University in February.

During on-campus forums that are part of the presidential

selection process, students and faculty often expressed a lack of trust in Thrasher, long considered the front runner for the university job.

During his long political career, Thrasher has steered millions of state dollars to the university and helped create the FSU medical school, but he also has recorded numerous votes that have been opposed by teachers and unions.

Some of the students see Thrasher as an extension of the politically influential Koch Brothers, whose foundation since 2008 has helped fund the FSU economics department.

The billionaire brothers draw

He also plans to send some of his most experienced people from across the state to Miami to provide technical assistance, mentoring and training to the mid-level managers there. A second team is examining the financial distress of the case-management agencies that provide direct services to children and families.

Carroll said the department also would look inward for solutions.

“We will be looking at making some significant changes internally, through our leadership, and we’ll announce that later this week,” he said. “I think together we’ll get it better, but it’s going to take some time.”

Meanwhile, Our Kids, the privatized community-based care lead agency that oversees the contracting of case management and other services for Miami-Dade and Monroe counties, has a brandnew chief executive officer, Jackie Gonzalez. As the former director of the Children’s Home Society of Miami, however, she’s a veteran of the local system.

Gonzalez said in an email that her agency is grateful to DCF and the peer consultation team for their “thoughtful recommendations. I look forward to working with all of our system partners to identify ways we can address the recommendations and better collaborate while working towards one common goal – to provide the best services and support to children in foster care.” state department found that during a four week period in June and July, 36.11 million gallons of orange juice were purchased.

The total represented an 8.3 percent decline in sales from the same period a year earlier.

Citrus disease blamed

Captain Citrus

Encourages healthy habits The state agency is also providing a teacher’s guide to offers lesson plans that highlight making smarter nutritional choices.

“Captain Citrus will show readers that while they may not be able to fly or shoot solar blasts, they can make healthy choices in their everyday lives and unleash the hero within,” Bill Rosemann, distain from some students for their support for conservative endeavors and for what is seen as the foundation’s influence over the curriculum and hiring of professors.

Sharp questions Sitting in a chair before about 100 members of the FSU staff in the morning, nearly 200 faculty and later about 150 students, Thrasher acknowledged his law degree from the school may not be the academic credentials desired by many of the faculty.

More importantly, he indicated that through his extensive legislative and lobbying experience, he would be able to complete the $1 billion fundraising goal set by Barron in 2013.

Thrasher faced questions about issues such as how he

who oversaw the development of Captain Citrus as Marvel Entertainment’s creative director and editor, said in a statement.

Two additional digital chapters are planned. All will be available at CaptainCitrus.com.

The new face of orange juice comes as sales have declined due to increased costs and a shift in the eating habits of Americans.

Numbers published by the would increase diversity on campus, his lack of academic credentials, his legislative support for prison privatization, his support of a proposal that would have moved toward splitting the Florida A&M University-FSU College of Engineering and his continued desire for the job despite the student and faculty opposition.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Agriculture reported that Florida, which is the top source of U.S. orange juice, earlier this year completed its smallest harvest in 29 years, with the industry suffering from the spread of an incurable plant disease called citrus greening.

The forecast for the coming year, which isn’t expected to show any turnaround, is due in October.

The state agency finalized the contract with the Disney-owned Marvel this summer, using marketing dollars that were freed up as the department halted longer, high-volume TV time for ads, a move expected to free up about $13 million for branding and marketing programs.

The department’s funding mostly comes from a tax on the sale of oranges and other citrus.

Colorado State University System Chancellor Michael V. Martin is scheduled for Wednesday.

The fourth finalist, Richard B. Marchase, University of Alabama at Birmingham vice president for research and economic development, is set to appear Friday.

Heckled by students

Recommendations coming

Still, at one point Thrasher threatened to walk out due to heckling from a small group, mostly graduate assistant students, seated in the front during the faculty forum, while he was acknowledging a need to learn more about climate change.

Michele G. Wheatly, who until June had been provost at West Virginia University, will go through the review process on Tuesday.

Using feedback from the forums, the university’s 27-member Presidential Search Advisory Committee is scheduled Sept.

22 to make a recommendation to the university’s trustees.

The trustees, who would still have to forward the final choice to the university system’s Board of Governors, are scheduled to meet Sept. 23.

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7 EDITORIAL

SEPTEMBER 18 – SEPTEMBER 24, 2014

National Football League threw Ray Rice under the bus By now most people have heard how Ray Rice has been thrown under the bus by the National Football League (NFL) and his former team, the Baltimore Ravens.

First, some background for the non-football fans. Rice was drafted by the Ravens in the second round (55th overall) of the 2008 NFL draft. He signed a 4-year contract for $2.805 million plus a $1.1 million signing bonus. Last year, he signed a 5-year, $ 35 million contract, paying him a $15 million signing bonus.

Facts on Rice Second, here are some cold facts: On February 15, both Rice and his then-fiancée, Janay Palmer, were arrested and charged with assault after a fight at an Atlantic City, N.J. casino.

On March 27, a grand jury indicted Rice on third-degree aggravated assault (charges against Palmer were dropped).

On March 28, Rice married Palmer (the date had been planned and announced before the assault charge).

On May 20, Rice was allowed to enter into a pretrial diversion program. Upon successful completion of the program, which will be a minimum of one year, the thirddegree charge of aggravated assault causing serious bodily injury would be dismissed. The arrest would remain on his record, but with no conviction.

RAYNARD JACKSON NNPA COLUMNIST

On July 24, the NFL suspends Rice for 2 games.

On July 25, the Raven’s organization rallies around Rice.

On August 28, the NFL established domestic violence policy for the league.

On September 8, the celebrity Website TMZ releases video of Rice knocking out his wife in an elevator and dragging her out of the elevator when it stopped.

On September 8, the Raven’s terminates Rice from the team.

On September 8, 2014, the NFL suspends Rice from the league indefinitely.

The Associated Press reports Sept. 10 that a law enforcement officials said he sent damaging video of Rice knocking out his then-fiancée to the NFL, despite League denials.

The above narrative is the only thing we know to be indisputable.

Video released, minds changed Prior to the video’s release, Rice had been caught on a security camera dragging his fiancée out of the elevator. That got him suspended for two games without pay. The penalty, which some criticized as too lenient, cost him

about $530,000 in salary.

Now that everyone has seen the graphic video of the actual event, people have all of a sudden become filled with phony righteous indignation. Rice should have been punished not because of the video, but because of the act itself.

Now many professional athletes, entertainers, politicians, and the public want to make public statements about how terrible a person Ray Rice is. Where was this outrage before the release of the video? Where is the outrage from these athletes and entertainers about the precious Black children being killed in Chicago?

Where is their outrage about anything other than collecting a bigger paycheck?

There was absolutely nothing in the video that Rice hadn’t already admitted to police and the Baltimore Ravens. The Ravens have admitted as much. The difference is that the NFL faced a growing backlash, based on the release of the video The NFL, after meting out a 2-game suspension, changed the rules in the middle of the ride. After serving half of his 2-game suspension, Rice was retroactively given a death sentence.

Raynard Jackson is president & CEO of Raynard Jackson & Associates, LLC., a Washington, D.C.-based public relations/government affairs firm.

Write your own response at www.daytonatimes.com.

America’s criminal justice problem Do you know what little respect Black and Hispanic citizens of New York City have for following the rules that make living in the city bearable – for not “loitering,” or riding their bicycles on the sidewalk, or spitting on the street, or walking through parks after dark, or – my particular favorite—not having a license for their dogs?

Well, you can learn what the New York City Police Department thinks in a vitally important article the New York Daily News, published August 4. Daily News reporters, plumbing the data from several sources, found that police are giving summonses to Black and Hispanic New Yorkers for violating these minor rules of the criminal code in numbers and percentages far beyond their proportion of the city’s population.

The newspaper reported that, although Blacks and Hispanics make up about half the city’s population, from 2001 to 2013, they comprised 81 percent of the 7.3 million people who’ve gotten summonses. The summons program has long been the centerpiece of the police department’s “broken windows” concept. That’s the view that enforcement of such quality-of-life violations as drinking liquor in the street, or urinating in public, or playing loud music not only damages citizens’ ability to enjoy their

Almighty dollar LEE A. DANIELS NNPA COLUMNIST

lives but often, if ignored, can often lead to criminal activity.

Up to the officer One thing the NYPD’s brokenwindows program makes glaringly apparent is that enforcement of the majority of these infractions is completely dependent on the discretion of the police officers involved. Who gets stopped, questioned and given a summons for violating these minor rules? Who gets stopped, questioned and given a talking-to but is let go with no summons? And who do the police notice is violating these minor rules, but choose not to stop them at all?

For example, the data show that, although just 17 percent of the dogs in the city are licensed, Blacks and Hispanics comprise 91 percent of those given summonses for not having licenses for their dogs.

Of course, the real question is are Black and Hispanic New Yorkers so dismissive of following these rules, or is something else at work?

One part of the answer can be found in the fact that, according to the Daily News report, the summons program, which is heavily stacked against individuals trying to prove their innocence via a trial, is a huge moneymaker for the city’s court system. Last year, it raked in $8.7 million, the courts’ second-largest source of revenue.

In other words, New York City’s summons programs is following a widespread practice among police departments across the country: selectively enforcing minor rules of the criminal code in order to wring as much revenue as they can from citizens.

If these facts are put alongside such other issues as the questionable militarization of local police forces and the lack of diversity of many police departments in cities and small towns with sizable Black and Hispanic populations, they lead to an inescapable conclusion: that America not only has a “crime problem,” it also has a “criminal justice problem” – and that the two are in fact related.

Lee A. Daniels is a longtime journalist based in New York City. His latest book is Last Chance: The Political Threat to Black America. Write your own response at www.daytonatimes.com.

Racism is not a card game Whenever someone accuses an African-American of playing the “race card,” I cringe. Racism in America is not a card game. There is no such thing as “playing the race card” when it comes to making an accurate or rational evaluation of the socioeconomic and political plight of 45 million Black Americans.

If it were a card game, it still would be strange to get that kind of criticism from people who, as the late Johnnie Cochran would say, deal from the bottom of the deck.

Depicting racism as a card game is an attempt to keep us silent and not to disturb a false peace. During the horrible days of lynching, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) launched its national public anti-lynching campaign. In fact, the NAACP was formed in 1910 in large part to resist the wholesale lynching of Blacks.

Not a game At first, the White-owned media was very negative toward the NAACP’s public “agitation” that exposed the horrors of lynching.

In a sense, the NAACP was accused of being counterproductive by “playing the race card.” To its credit, the NAACP persisted and was ultimately successful in com-

DR. BENJAMIN F. CHAVIS, JR. NNPA COLUMNIST

batting such gross and inhumane behavior.

Even though for some of the crowds of White Americans who would attend a Black lynching as a form of entertainment and pleasure – often immediately after attending church – it was no game or entertainment for Black America. Racism was then and continues today as a deadly reminder of the violent and ruthless consequences of centuries and decades of racial oppression. Yes, these are hard facts and a reality today for too many people who rather see less and hear less about racially motivated police brutality or other forms of racial hatred and violence.

Will not be silent The slogan “No Justice, No Peace” is more than a chant for Black Americans and others who yearn for freedom, justice and empowerment. Just as we did during the days of widespread lynchings, we will not be silent. We will

not kowtow to those who would oppress us because of our race.

We will not be idle spectators to the recent resurgence of racial hatred and vile violence toward our men, women and children. We have come too far against horrific odds to even consider going backwards.

We will not be distracted by false accusations of “playing the race card.”

Racism is not a mind game or card game. It is real and it can be fatal. Racism is the real time power to systematically deny justice, fairness and opportunity to people based on their race or ethnicity. Racism is beyond racial prejudice and hatred. It is the power to forcefully enslave, negatively define and physically subjugate a person’s or a people’s life based on race.

We should never permit the trivialization or denial of our long struggle for freedom. Let’s stay focus on what we all need to do to advance the quality of life in our communities. Those looking for a card game are at the wrong table.

Benjamin F. Chavis, Jr. is the Interim President and CEO of the National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA).

Write your own response at www.daytonatimes.com.

VISUAL VIEWPOINT: CLEAN UP THE WORLD WEEKEND

LUOJIE, CHINA DAILY, CHINA

A world beyond our own President Obama says he is going to take ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) out. I wonder how many of us have been to that part of the world. I haven’t and I wonder if our visions would help us understand what is going on there.

If I had a gazillion dollars – or maybe just Koch Brothers’ money – I’d send every student I knew especially African-American students, out of the country. While I’d most enjoy sending them to Africa or the diaspora, anyplace would work. The point would be for them to get out of their immediate environment, out of their privilege. By doing so, they might gain better insight into why so many in other countries have antipathy toward us.

This, of course, does not account for President Obama’s plea that the world rally around the United States to stop ISIS. Global awareness, however, would go a long way toward our understanding of the way things work around the world. Just under a quarter of a million students (less than 1 percent of our total) study abroad, most of them White and most of them headed to Europe. Had more of them gone to the African diaspora or to parts of Latin America, more might understand the lives that so many lead, and the privilege we enjoy in the world context. We should not, of course, apologize for our gifts, we should simply be aware of them.

The world we live in On one trip abroad, I learned that people eat far less frequently than we do, considering it a treat as opposed to a staple. On another trip, I adjusted my concept of space, when three women – four including me, shared a bedroom. On still another occurrence, six of us shared a single can of Coke. It was a high honor and an expense for our host to be so generous. Each of these experiences “blew my mind” and made me think of U.S. privilege.

Each of them made me wish I had a young person with me to share the humbling sense of the world in which we live.

Our conversations about the

DR. JULIANNE MALVEAUX TRICEEDNEYWIRE.COM

We need to embrace the globe and learn that we are not the center of the world. global village are more theoretical than real. We cannot relate to a global village if we don’t travel the globe. While we speak of globalization economically and culturally, we rarely speak of it practically. We are so immersed in our own energy and culture that we are utterly unwilling to look beyond ourselves.

Every single day we are confronted with some form of international crisis, from the kidnapping of girls in Nigeria, to the beheading of journalists by ISIS. We feel, we mourn, we take up collections, and we moan and groan. And we still don’t get it. If we’d been to other countries, we just might understand the feelings of others.

Our trips to Mexico and Jamaica don’t even begin to count toward a quest toward global awareness. While no one should put herself at risk by going to a country under siege, a few days in an area where there is struggle may turn the kaleidoscope of presence in ways we can hardly imagine.

If we say we are global citizens, then we need to act like them. We need to embrace the globe and learn that we are not the center of the world. We are less than a tenth of the world’s population, yet we consume disproportionally. We have a long way to go before we practice what we preach.

Julianne Malveaux is a Washington, D.C.-based economist and writer. Write you own response at www.daytonatimes.com.

Opinions expressed on this editorial page are those of the writers, and do not necessarily reflect the editorial stance of the newspaper or the publisher.

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5 7

HEALTH MA YOR

SEPTEMBER 18 – SEPTEMBER 2014 DECEMBER 14 - 20,24, 2006

Southern states create a new face of AIDS

BY TERESA WILTZ STATELINE.ORG / MCT

New Yorker Deadra Malloy was diagnosed with HIV in 1988, but she remained healthy for so long she wasn’t completely convinced she was positive. When she finally started getting sick in 2006, she decided to embrace her “ancestral roots” and accepted a job down South, where her mother was from.

Malloy didn’t know that the move, first to North Carolina and then to Columbia, S.C., would make it much more difficult to manage her health.

New York offers free health care, including HIV drugs, to HIV-positive state residents who are uninsured or underinsured, while assistance is harder to come by in North Carolina and South Carolina.

At the time a single mother of two, Malloy couldn’t afford her medication, which cost upwards of $2,500 a month. So she did without it for nearly a year – and ended up in the emergency room with a raging case of pneumonia.

Not in New York “This wouldn’t have happened in New York,” says Malloy, now 52, who became a passionate activist after her experience, forming Positive Voices, the first advocacy group for women living with HIV/AIDS in South Carolina. “New York was already way ahead (with services for AIDS patients). There were times I wanted to run back to New York. But I didn’t want to see anybody die (in South Carolina) who didn’t have to.”

The original face of AIDS was that of a middle-class, often White gay man living in New York City or San Francisco. That picture has changed over time as people of color have become disproportionately affected by the epidemic.

Today, the face of AIDS is Black or Latino, poor, often rural – and Southern. Southern states now have the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses, the largest percentage of people living with the disease, and the most people dying from it, according to Rainey Campbell, executive director of the Southern AIDS Coalition, a nonprofit group serving the 16 Southern states and Washington, D.C. Fifty percent of all new HIV cases are in the South.

Similar to Africa The HIV infection rate among African-American and Latina women in the South now rivals that of sub-Saharan Africa.

In some Southern states, Black women account for more than 80 percent of new HIV diagnoses among women.

States in the South have the least expansive Medicaid pro-

ASTRID RIECKEN/MCT

AIDS drugs fill the shelves at the Whitman-Walker Clinic a Washington, D.C.-based community health center focusing on HIV/ AIDS care. grams and the strictest eligibility requirements to qualify for assistance, which prevents people living with HIV/AIDS from getting care, according to a Southern AIDS Coalition report.

In the South, Campbell said, people living with HIV have to reach disability status before they qualify for aid. This is significant, because nationally the vast majority of HIV/AIDS patients rely on Medicaid for their health care, according to research conducted by the Morehouse College of Medicine.

Refused ‘Obamacare’ None of the nine deep Southern states with the highest rates of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses – Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas – has chosen to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. Those states also have the highest fatality rates from HIV in the country, according to the Southern AIDS Coalition.

A recent study conducted by the White House Council of Economic Advisers found that if the nine Deep South states expanded Medicaid coverage, more than $65 billion in federal funding would flood those states and

an additional four million people would have insurance coverage.

“Jurisdictions throughout the South fail at nearly every level of HIV prevention and care, ignoring proven strategies that could help to address the uncontrolled epidemic and alarming death rate,” Campbell said.

People who don’t have Medicaid or other health-care coverage rarely visit primary-care doctors, and aren’t getting tested for HIV, said Dr. Michael Saag, a professor and HIV/AIDS researcher with the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine.

“That’s a large group of people who have HIV and don’t know it.”

Saag said he recently treated a young man in Montgomery, Ala., who was blinded from cryptococcal meningitis, a disease typically found among HIV-positive people living in sub-Saharan Africa. The young man had been HIV positive for years but didn’t know it. With earlier treatment, doctors might have preserved his sight. “That’s a tragedy that shouldn’t happen in our country,” Saag said.

Poverty, stigma Many of the people living with HIV/AIDS in the South are desperately poor. Many live in ru-

ral areas miles upon miles from a clinic, and don’t have access to cars. Others live without running water, or without homes. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released last year found that more than 40 percent of those infected have an average household income of less than $10,000.

Poverty runs deep throughout the South. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, of the 20 states with the highest poverty rates, 12 of them are Southern states – and they are becoming poorer.

But it’s not just money, or the lack of it, that accounts for the disproportionate number of people living with, and dying from, HIV/AIDS in the Deep South.

The escalating HIV rates are the result of a combination of social factors, including poverty, racism, persistent anti-gay attitudes, increasing homelessness and a lack of transportation in rural areas.

In the South, AIDS still has the taint of the plague. Fear of being judged and ostracized keeps some people away from clinics and the care they need. Those who don’t know they’re infected will infect others.

“There are those who see HIV/AIDS as a punishment

from God,” said South Carolina state Rep. Joe Neal, a Democrat. “There are those who simply don’t understand. As a result, this disease creates a stigma that creates a barrier to compassion, and frankly, treatment.”

According to Campbell of the Southern AIDS Coalition, Southern states are much more likely to use abstinence-only sex education instead of comprehensive HIV/AIDS and sex education in the schools. Many state-sanctioned sex education programs in the South emphasize that sex only should take place within the confines of heterosexual marriage. These states also tend to have more restrictive laws criminalizing HIV exposure and sex work.

The stigma against HIV also plays out in the workplace, despite federal laws prohibiting discrimination against people with AIDS, said Linda Dixon Rigsby, the health law director for the Mississippi Center for Justice. “We still get a lot of cases where the employer doesn’t seem to understand that what they’re doing is illegal,” Rigsby said. “They’re very open about why they fired the person. It’s like the ’50s race discrimination cases all over again.”

Early treatment may decrease autism signs

BY GEOFFREY MOHAN LOS ANGELES TIMES / MCT

How early can autism be detected in babies, and how soon can they be treated?

A baby’s first birthday visit to the pediatrician usually includes a screening for the social deficits common with autism spectrum disorder. But doctors and scientists tend to agree that they can’t make a very reliable diagnosis until the toddler is 2 years old.

The bulk of treatment programs begin then.

Several recent studies, however, have documented subtle signs of the disorder, including erratic eye motion, among infants as young at 2 months old. That and other behavioral differences become more noticeable between 6 months and a year of age, other studies have shown.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis’ MIND Institute have been watching and playing with babies for many years to study autism and other development issues. This time, researchers set out to test whether they could accurately identify early signs associated with autism, and whether parents would be willing and able to follow directed therapy aimed at improving interaction with their babies. And if they did, would it help?

Interaction helps The study, published online

in the Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, suggests a qualified yes on all counts. The data from the pilot program jibe with a growing body of research that shows that guided social interaction between a mother and her baby can decrease autism symptoms by age 3.

The babies whose parents underwent the coaching showed far fewer autism-related measures at 3 than peers whose parents declined to participate, even though their infants met all criteria. Infants in the training program also scored higher than non-participants who later were diagnosed with autism, the study found.

“It gives us a little hint that the children may well have gone on to have more difficulties had we not done this intervention early,” said lead investigator Sally J. Rogers, a developmental psychologist at the MIND Institute. “But it’s only a hint, not proof.”

Small sample The sample of the pilot study was small – just seven babies from UC Davis programs or the community underwent training, and babies were not assigned randomly to different treatments.

So, results will have to withstand more rigorous testing.

In some ways, the study was as much a test for parents as for babies. Researchers wanted to know whether mothers could be professionally coached to maximize opportunities to connect with ba-

JOHN FLAVELL/LEXINGTON HERALD-LEADER/MCT

Behavioral specialist Lamar Williams works with Jacob Hall, 3, during a therapy session at the Highlands Center for Autism in Prestonsburg, Ky. bies who often don’t make eye contact and can exhibit repetitive behaviors and become obsessed with a single toy or other object.

These and other symptoms had been identified among study subjects through the Autism Observation Scale for Infants and other clinical measures.

“These were very atypical infants, and everyone who interacted with them recognized that,” Rogers said. “So I do think we found a group of children who had very atypical social communication development.”

Mothers (with their babies) went through 12 weekly one-hour training and observation sessions with professional therapists. Several families received “booster”

sessions or were referred to extra therapy, such as speech coaching. Babies underwent regular developmental testing, usually at intervals of three months, until they were 36 months old.

Control groups were culled from 126 infants enrolled at the MIND Institute’s Infant Sibling project, which studies the development trajectory of siblings of children with autism diagnoses.

Not surprising In some ways, rapid developmental progress is not surprising, particularly since mothers were teaching skills appropriate for their babies’ ages, the authors acknowledge. “We’re capitalizing

on an incredible period of brain development and natural learning,” Rogers said.

But parents of children with autism can unwittingly miss opportunities for natural learning because their infants don’t transmit the expected cues – facial contact and babbling among them. Or they may opt not to disturb infants who are quietly occupied most of the time.

“If that goes on for a long time, children are having fewer and fewer chances to learn and that’s going to have its effect over time,” Rogers said. “And that’s why it’s important that children get into treatment as soon as their symptoms emerge.”

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7

MSCIENCE AYOR

When this huge dinosaur roamed Earth, others got out of the way

BY DEBORAH NETBURN LOS ANGELES TIMES / MCT

In the arid badlands of southern Patagonia, 60 miles off the electrical grid, scientists have unearthed a remarkably complete skeleton of a new species of dinosaur – one of the largest creatures ever to have walked Earth.

This hulking dinosaur stood two stories tall at its shoulder and weighed as much as seven Tyrannosauruses rex. It measured 85 feet from head to tail, including its 37-footlong neck and 30-foot-long muscular tail.

Scientists are hesitant to say that Dreadnoughtus schrani is the largest dinosaur species that ever lived, but it is certainly right up there.

Its name is a tribute to its gigantic size. “Dreadnought,” which essentially means “fearing nothing,” was used to describe a class of mammoth battleships that dominated the high seas in the early 20th century.

Too big to attack Nothing could have attacked Dreadnoughtus schrani and won, paleontologists say. It was simply too big.

Based on the size of the femur, or thigh bone, and the humerus, or upper arm bone, scientists believe this Dreadnoughtus weighed 65 tons when it died 66 million to 84 million years ago. (They are still working on getting a more precise age.) That would make it heavier than a Boeing 737.

And here’s the kicker: Skeletal evidence suggests that at the time of its death, the gargantuan creature was still growing.

“There is no doubt that

Dreadnoughtus schrani

A new fossil found in Argentina represents the most complete giant sauropod dinosaur ever found.

• Its name means ‘fearer of nothing’ due to its size • It weighed more than a herd of African elephants, at 65 tons • The titanosaur was not done growing when it was killed

26 meters Source: Scientific America, Reuters, BBC Graphic: Erik Rodriguez

this is among the largest – if not the largest – sauropod dinosaur yet recovered,” said Patrick O’Connor, a paleontologist at Ohio University in Athens, who was not involved in the discovery. That makes it “among the largest of all dinosaurs,” he said.

Lucky find Paleontologist Kenneth Lacovara of Drexel University in Philadelphia first stumbled on the crumbled remains of the Dreadnoughtus during a fossilhunting trip in February 2005.

“I found a little cluster of broken-up bones and recorded it in my GPS,” said Lacovara, the lead author of a report on the find, which was published Thursday by the journal Scientific Reports. “But I also recorded 10 other sites on my GPS that morning.”

Even when two of his team members began cleaning the bones later that day and realized that they were pieces of a giant femur bone, Lacovara was blasé.

“That’s not uncommon,” he said. “But then there was a tibia, and then a fibula, and at that point we

© 2014 MCT

were getting excited.”

Big bones The bones themselves were enormous. The animal’s shinbone, for example, was the length of a grown man. But the thrilling part was that there were so many of them.

“Most sauropods are known by 10 bones,” Lacovara said. “We had 145.”

After all the bones were uncovered, the researchers encased them in plaster “jackets” and shipped them by boat to the U.S. It wasn’t until the fossils had been cleaned and reunited at Lacovara’s lab that the researchers discovered they had bones from two different specimens.

The fossils will ultimately reside in the Museo Padre Molina in Rio Gallegos, Argentina, not far from where they were discovered, but the research team has made 3D laser scans of all the bones, creating what they call a “virtual mount.”

The scans will allow other scientists to analyze the bones digitally, and, unlike actual bones, they won’t decay over time.

Paleontologists are particularly excited about the find because the animals

CHARLES FOX/PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER/MCT

Dr. Kenneth Lacovara, a paleontologist at Drexel University, looks over some dorsal vertebrae and other large bones of Dreadnoughtus schrani. Dreadnoughtus, which means “fears nothing,” was discovered in Argentina by Lacovara. were so well preserved, particularly the larger one.

More than 45 percent of that skeleton has been recovered (though its small skull is missing). That will allow scientists to better understand how these enormous animals loped about.

“Such complete specimens of large-bodied sauropods are critical for better developing biomechanical models aimed at understanding how these largest of land-living organisms actually moved around,” O’Connor said.

Always eating Dreadnoughtus is a type of titanosaurian sauropod, a diverse group of dinosaurs that lived in the Southern Hemisphere during the final 30 million years of the age of the dinosaurs. These animals would have had to eat almost all the time to sustain their colossal body mass; Lacovara imagines them as eating machines, using their long necks to graze on

a wide swath of plant life.

The area where the fossils were found was once a temperate forest that had both conifers and broadleaf trees. Several rivers ran through it, and Lacovara said he thinks the two dinosaurs died when one of those rivers broke through its natural levee, turning what was solid ground into something like quicksand.

In other words, these animals sank to their deaths.

Their untimely deaths were science’s gain.

“The rapid burial is responsible for the extraordinary completeness and beautiful preservation of their bones,” Lacovara said.

“We even see muscle scars on many of the bones, and that is because they got buried so fast.”

Other bones elsewhere Steve Salisbury, a scientist who studies dinosaurs at the University of Queensland in Australia, said the discovery could

prompt paleontologists to look for other sauropod fossils in some unlikely places.

“Dreadnoughtus shows we might expect to find similarly sized giant sauropods in Antarctica, which would be really exciting,” said Salisbury, who wasn’t part of the study team.

“There are indications emerging that there are also giant sauropods in Australia,” which was connected to South America and Antarctica at the time Salisbury noted that Patagonia has been the site of many important fossil finds because its ancient landscape was conducive to landslides and other events that caused the ancient giants to be entombed almost immediately upon death.

“We have many opportunities to find those fossilized skeletons as they are exposed naturally via modern-day erosion,” he said.

In other words, more big discoveries may be on the way.

Gamers helping in Ebola research

BY KATHERINE LONG THE SEATTLE TIMES / MCT

SEATTLE – Months before the recent Ebola outbreak erupted in Western Africa, killing more than a thousand people, scientists at the University of Washington’s Institute for Protein Design were looking for a way to stop the deadly virus.

For inspiration, they turned to an unlikely source: gamers.

Specifically, they asked thousands of computer game enthusiasts worldwide to tackle an Ebola puzzle on the interactive game Foldit, a 6-year-old project that encourages people to solve puzzles for science. Some of those solutions were so promising that researchers have started to investigate them.

Breakthrough possible The collaborative work between scientists and game players could as easily be a dead end as a breakthrough. But one thing is clear: The three-dimensional insights by Foldit players helped jump-start an effort to design proteins that could one day help neutralize the deadly disease.

“We actually noticed that the scientists don’t know where to start” when

beginning to design a protein to counter Ebola, said Zoran Popovic, director of the Center for Game Science at the UW, which runs Foldit. “What Foldit is doing is creating three, four, five possible places to start from.”

Designing proteins from scratch in the laboratory to block emerging diseases is a new idea, more science fiction than reality. Scientists think it could one day be used to quickly create treatments for dangerous new diseases, or even block old ones, such as influenza.

Online puzzle Six months ago – by coincidence, around the time the current Ebola virus outbreak was identified in southeastern Guinea – biochemistry senior fellow Vikram Mulligan, with the UW’s Institute for Protein Design, put up an Ebola puzzle on Foldit.

Mulligan could have written a computer algorithm from scratch to find weaknesses in the Ebola virus protein, or he could have adapted an alreadywritten algorithm. Instead, he opted to try to use the expertise of Foldit players.

He asked them to identify possible entry points in the virus that could be used to “gum up the Ebola machinery,” jamming the virus’s ability to replicate

JOHN SPINK/ATLANTA JOURNAL-CONSTITUTION/MCT

Medical workers rolled patient Nancy Writebol, the second American aid worker infected with Ebola, into Emory University Hospital in Atlanta last month. and sicken humans. If a protein could be designed to stick to the virus, altering or disrupting its function, that protein could be made into a treatment.

For several weeks, about 500 of the more than 300,000 registered Foldit players tried their hand at the Ebola puzzle, looking for a place where a short chain of amino acids could fit into the virus.

Foldit players manipulated protein models online, taking advantage of human puzzle-solving intuition. They used their cursors to move, bend and twist color-coded protein chains. And several players came up with top-scoring solutions – “hot spots,” or places where a protein could bind to the virus.

“It turned out human intuition could solve this problem very, very well,” Mulligan said. Now, Mulligan and other UW researchers are using the results in the lab, designing peptides that could eventually become the basis of an Ebola-fighting drug.

Harmless virus Mulligan emphasized that the lab is not using live Ebola cultures. The UW lab is using an Ebola protein that cannot replicate itself, nor can it infect humans.

It is made with a harmless strain of bacteria using recombinant DNA technology, and the peptides are made with yeast, using genetic-engineering techniques.

The two are mixed together to see which peptides specifically stick to the Ebola protein. If some promising candidates result from the work, the results could be given to outside collaborators who work with live Ebola virus strains.

Researchers at the Institute for Protein Design hope that one day, treatments for emerging diseases will be designed in weeks or months – by researchers using computer algorithms to design specific proteins. “The hope is we’ll have a very rapid pipeline one day, from disease threat to candidate treatment,” Mulligan said.

That comes back to the Foldit players. How important are they?

Even a small protein can fold into a tremendous number of different shapes, and knowing the structure of a protein is the key to understanding how it works. As it turns out, “humans can think in 3-D much more easily than computers can,” said Brian Koepnick, a graduate student at the Institute for Protein Design who worked on the Ebola puzzle.

Human Foldit players seem to be better than computers at finding things like virus hot spots, Koepnick said. And researchers may be able to teach those human strategies to computers, making protein-folding solutions even faster and more efficient.

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7FOOD

SEPTEMBER 18 – SEPTEMBER 24, 2014

The right pan can make you a better cook

BY JUDY HEVRDEJS CHICAGO TRIBUNE / MCT

Picking the perfect pan for cooking may seem simple enough.

A frying pan for scrambled eggs and burgers. A huge pot for boiling pasta or sweet corn.

If you want to cook well, though, choosing the right pan for a particular technique or recipe can mean the difference between culinary success and lousy results. A seasoned cook knows this.

Others cooks? Not so much, suggests Aida Mollenkamp.

Right tools “They might think they’re not a good cook or a recipe doesn’t work when in fact they just aren’t using the right tools. ... So you’ll have one person using a frying pan and trying to braise in it and that is generally not going to work very well,” says Mollenkamp, whose cookbook “Keys to the Kitchen” (Chronicle Books, $35) details pan shapes and materials and how they can affect what you’re cooking.

“Look at the main thing that’s happening in a recipe, then decide on the pan,” she says.

Skillet types Of course, things can get confusing. For instance, chefs and pan-makers have several names for wide shallow cooking pans – those you may call skillets or frying pans – but Chef Christopher Koetke, host

of “Let’s Dish” on the Live Well network, can clear that up.

There are basically two types – “sauté pans with straight sides and sauté pans with sloped sides,” says Koetke, who is also vice president of Kendall College School of Culinary Arts in Chicago. “The one with the sloped sides is technically called a sauteuse. And what we refer to as a sauté pan here (in the U.S.) – the sautoir – is the one with the straight sides.”

But you won’t need dozens of pots and pans to be a good cook – just good pans.

“It’s better to start with a few pieces and add to it than buy a set of stuff that’s really substandard,” says Koetke.

So what pan should we be using for which cooking technique? Here are Koetke’s and Mollenkamp’s suggestions based on five types.

Slope-sided skillet For: pancakes, vegetables, eggs, crepes, delicate foods. “It’s really good for flipping things,” says Koetke. Or redistributing vegetables while they’re cooking. And if you need to get under food to turn it, “your spatula sort of follows the contour of the pan.”

Straight-sided skillet For: pan-frying steak, chicken, pork; searing; deglazing cooking liquids for a pan sauce. “If you’re going to cook in a half-inch of oil, you definitely want the straight-sided pan,”

BILL HOGAN/CHICAGO TRIBUNE/MCT

A saute pan with sloped sides is called a sauteuse; a straight-sided version is a sautoir. Both are kitchen classics. says Koetke. Why? Cooking oil won’t slosh out the sides, nor will spatters from pan-frying meats. Also, he adds, it’s easier to reduce liquids for a pan sauce – in a sloped pan, when liquids bubble up they may burn on its sides.

Stockpot Tall, narrow pot with two handles. For: pasta, dumplings, stock/soups, blanching. “You want a higher pot so food can drop in and bounce back up as opposed to trying to do that in a Dutch oven,” says Mollenkamp.

Dutch oven Large round or oval, wider than it is tall, two handles, tight-fitting lid, stovetop and oven safe.

For: braises, pot roasts, stews, slow simmers on the stove or in the oven. “Anything that’s going to cook low and slow, you’ve got to have a Dutch oven,” says Koetke.

Adds Mollenkamp: “Because it can hold in the heat, you’re not going to have to worry about your

sauce burning along the way. ... It really can be one-pot cooking that you wouldn’t get if you use a lightweight sauce pot.”

Saucepan Round, single handle, heavy bottom. For: milk, custards, puddings, sauces, melding flavors while retaining moisture. “If you’re interested in making a pate a choux or any of those pastries that need to really be worked in the pan, with a saucepan like that you can maneuver with it,” says Mollenkamp.

Do labels matter?

“You don’t need many pots and pans, but you do need good ones,” writes Aida Mollenkamp in her book “Keys to the Kitchen” (Chronicle Books, $35).

Choose pans that are ovenproof, she suggests, noting, “very few nonstick pans can withstand high oven temperatures.” Here are several materials she cites in her book: Aluminum: “Economical and lightweight,” but “does react with some in-

gredients.”

Anodized aluminum: Treated to be “almost nonstick,” but “costlier than regular aluminum.”

Cast iron: “Holds heat like no other” but quite heavy and acidic ingredients “may take on a metallic flavor.”

Copper: Good conductor but should be lined, usually with stainless steel because “copper reacts with a lot of ingredients.”

Enamelware: Cast iron or steel that’s coated with enamel; must be cleaned with nonabrasive utensils so enamel doesn’t scratch or chip.

Stainless steel: Nonreactive and durable but “doesn’t conduct heat as well as other metals.”

Clad: Different metals paired for best properties of each; manufacturers sandwich good conductors (i.e. aluminum or copper) with stainless steel.

Nonstick: Choose nontoxic coatings, but don’t expect exceptional browning.

Shopping for pans Dozens of pots and pans

Weekly ad in hand. Coupons in pocket.

BOGO-vision on. It’s time to save. publix.com/save

of varied sizes, types, materials and colors reside in cookware stores. Chef Christopher Koetke, host of “Let’s Dish” on the Live Well network and vice president of Kendall College School of Culinary Arts in Chicago, describes what to look for when shopping: “Is there heft to the pan?

If it’s light and flimsy, then the metal is thin and the thinner the metal, the greater there is a possibility of hot spots and/or warping over time.”

Will you be able to lift it when it’s filled with food?

Are the pan and handles oven safe? (They should be.) Is the handle comfortable to hold? Bolted to the pan? Or welded?

“Look at the way it’s attached to the pan. Sometimes you have these little spot welds that hold the pan together. Over time, those will break,” he explained.

Choose pan sizes depending on your family’s size. You can always go back and supplement with pans as your family grows or cooking style changes.