The Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989
CAMILO JOSÉ CELA Camilo Jose Cela was born in the parish of Iria Flavia, belonging to the end of Padrón, in the province of La Coruña, on May 11, 1916. His father (Camilo Cela Crisanto and Fernandez) and his mother was galician English and Italian (Camila Emanuela Trulock and Bertorini) its sixth name is Belgian, Lafayette. He was the eldest of the family Cela Trulock and bears the name of Juan Manuel Camilo José María Ramón Francisco Javier de Jerome in the Collegiate Church of Santa Maria Maggiore. In 1925 the family settled in Madrid and Camilo studied at the school of the street Escolapios General Porlier. In 1931, he had to be admitted to the TB Sanatorium de Guadarrama, experience that later took to his novel pavilion sleep. He spent periods of inaction imposed his illness in intensive readings Ortega y Gasset and collection of Rivadeneyra Spanish classics, as he said later. In 1934 graduated from high school in San Isidro Institute in Madrid and started the medical career. Not enough on activities abounded that nurtured his intellectual heritage (academic, influences, friends, travel, languages or readings) with which the young Cela will cement his scholarship. It is known that listener liked to attend classes Contemporary Spanish Literature Pedro Salinas in the new Faculty of Arts. There he befriended the writer and philologist Alonso Zamora Vicente. He also tried to Miguel Hernandez and Maria Zambrano, in whose house the Plaza del Conde de Barajas met at Max Aub gathering and other writers and intellectuals. The Civil War broke out while he was in Madrid, with 20 years and recently recovering from tuberculosis. Cela, of conservative ideas, managed to escape to the rebel zone and enlisted as a soldier, was wounded and hospitalized in Logroño. After the war showed indecision in college and went to work in an office of Textile Industries, where he began to write what will be The Family of Pascual Duarte. “I began to add up action action on blood and blood and that I was like a firecracker.” At age 50 began writing his memoirs Cela and then drew a large Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982 project called The greasy pole. Of that plan was published only in book ends in pink childhood memories. Volume II was published in the year 20 016 covers part of childhood, adolescence and youth of the author. He married in 1944 to Maria del Rosario Conde Picavea, teacher training, and they had two years after his only son, Camilo José. Conde Rosario divorced in 19,908 in 1991 to marry Marina Castaño López, a journalist with whom he shared his last twelve years. Literature oriented and ambitious, fully launched in autarky a mechanism Ridruejo Falangist poet described as “strategy of fame, the cult of personality and willingness imperative.” He used to do a triple long-term strategy: political collaborating with the regime, striking literary style and public image epatante (apart, of course, to write much). In 1938, he concluded the dubious Treading daylight, surrealist poems, when the Civil War had broken out and was besieged Madrid (the book would be published later in 1945). In 1942 he published The Family of Pascual Duarte, novel set in rural Extremadura before and during the Civil War in which she and her protagonist tells the story of his life, in which violence is portrayed as the only crudest response that meets the troubles of its existence. This book opened a new narrative style in Spanish, acquainted with the term “alarmism”. From here Cela conceived the novel as a genre in freedom: the writer should not be subject to any rules, hence the pilot will make each of his works is different and that each try a different technique. Resources wisely mixing narrative of the vanguards of the twentieth century, became an artist “groundbreaking.” He discovered the infallible literary formula used hereinafter: alloy balanced humor, tenderness, horror, carefree verbal and scatological lexicon. Unlike other authors, or advertises Cela carefully explained in prologues, and interviews paratexts everything you write and why it does. One of his masterpieces, The Hive, was published first in 1951 in Buenos Aires, as the censors had banned its publication in Spain because of its erotic passages. Later, during the same Franco, Manuel Fraga, as interior minister personally authorized the first Spanish edition. The novel tells snippets of stories of multiple characters that develop in Madrid in the early years of the Franco regime. Many critics consider this work incorporates Spanish literature to the modern novel. The same author described this work as “this chronicle bitter bitter time” in which the main protagonist is “fear”. It is considered by critics as one of the best Spanish novels of the second third of the twentieth century. It was made into a film directed by Mario Camus in 1982 film where Cela himself participated as a screenwriter and actor. He agreed with the regime of Venezuelan dictator Marcos Perez Jimenez, the price of gold and for the next 10 years, a series of five or six novels (Stories of Venezuela) propaganda for that dictatorship. The catira was first published in 1955. Cela literally wanted refound Venezuela, even applied to create a new language, the plains, it was a complete sham. It resembled the rustic Spanish, a language that cut barbaric words at the end. Cela Charge for a sum catira quite high for the time: about three million euros, according to the testimony of his son in his biography Cela, my father. The case of Cela was special. His request was inserted into a diplomatic offensive to promote Perezjimenismo and immigration programs abroad, but also to sell culturally Franco. Do not forget that 160,000 Spanish settled then in Venezuela. But The catira caused such scandal in the country’s cultural circles that collaboration
between the dictatorship of Colonel Pérez Jiménez and Galician writer was settled and no further Stories Venezuela. San Camilo 1936 (1969), a work of great category, set, as its title suggests (“Vespers, Feast and Octave of St. Camillus 1936 in Madrid”), in the week preceding the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, is written in a continuous inner monologue. Style like his work is in Christ versus Arizona (1994), one of its most enigmatic novels based on the events of 1881 the OK Corral, which is written in a single long sentence with the use of a single point (the end). Narratives are chaotic, with hundreds of characters appearance and use of Cubist techniques of fragmentation and collage. He was a tireless traveler who went backpacking with the lands of Spain. The writer expressed its willingness to go only Spanish lands, not interested in the exotic, nor lejano.20 His travel books, including Journey to the Alcarria (1948), the most famous, and the Minho to Bidasoa (1952), gave him some fame for restless man, fornicator and tragaldabas.15 The unusual and glorious feat of Archidona cock (1977), not too well known to the general public, is undoubtedly one of his most fun, highlighting that tells a true story. In literary epistolary genre belongs to: meet the delirious Cela and correspondence between his friend and academic Alfonso commented Canales.21 Basically every event special and usually related to the common people and their customs and bizarre sexual habits or general. It was made into a film with great success. María Sabina. Oratorio divided into 1 cry (repeated) and 5 chants. Libretto inspired by the celebrated woman Mazatec knowledge. The first edition of this work was published in the journal papers are Armadans, in December 1967. It premiered with music by Leonardo Balada, at Carnegie Hall in New York on April 17, 1970. A month later, the Teatro de la Zarzuela received with open hostility from critics and audiences this opera inscribed on a fault line by that time reached another significant novelistic expression. Camilo Jose Cela was elected in February 1957, a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, where he occupied the chair Q. His keynote presentation took place on May 27 of that year. In his speech, which said Gregorio Marañón, tried the literary work of the painter José Gutiérrez Solana (1886-1945). LA FAMILIA DE PASCUAL DUARTE
La novela tiene recuerdos en forma de vida de Pascual Duarte, desde su nacimiento en un pequeño pueblo de Badajoz hasta su muerte ejecutado en la prisión. A lo largo de la historia que estamos contando las desgracias más terribles que el protagonista debe sufrir. Lugar de nacimiento desgracias, la familia y el evento, Pascual nunca es capaz de enderezar y que por el contrario, como si se tratara de una tragedia griega, conduce inexorablemente a un destino miserable peor uno si es posible. Pascual Duarte, limpiar donde el autor explica la historia, la trayectoria y los cambios sufridos desde que su libro fue escrito, y en la siguiente edición. La primera fue en 1942 y este texto fue escrito en 1960.
GABRIEL GRACIÁ MÁQUEZ Is a writer, novelist, short story writer, screenwriter and journalist Colombian. In 1982 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature (see: Awards, honors and tributes). And familiarly known to his friends as Gabito (hipocorístico guajiro for Gabriel), or his apócope Gabo since Eduardo Zalamea Borda assistant editor of The Spectator, began to call him. Gabriel García Márquez is inherently associated with magical realism, and his most famous work, the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude, is considered one of the most representative of this genre and even believes that its success is that this term applies the literature since the seventies. In 2007, the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Spanish Language Academies launched a popular commemorative edition of this novel, as being part of the great classics of all time Hispanic. The text was revised by Gabriel García Márquez himself. Gabriel García Márquez is famous both for his genius as a writer, and its ability to use this talent to share their ideologies políticas. Su friendship with Cuban leader Fidel Castro has caused much controversy in the literary world and político.8 (see: Friendship
with Fidel Castro). García Márquez began his career as a journalist while studying law at university. In 1948 and 1949 he wrote for the newspaper El Universal Cartagena. From 1950 to 1952, wrote a «whimsical» column under the pseudonym of «Septimus» for the local newspaper El Heraldo de Barranquilla. García Márquez noted of his time at El Heraldo. During this time he became an active member of the informal group of writers and journalists known as the Barranquilla Group, an association that was a great motivation and inspiration for his literary career. He worked with the likes of Jose Felix Fuenmayor, Catalan Ramon Vinas, Alfonso Fuenmayor, Álvaro Cepeda Samudio, Germán Vargas, Alejandro Obregon, Orlando Rivera «Figurine» and Julio Mario Santo Domingo, among others. García Márquez used, for example, Ramon Vinas, who would be depicted as a «wise Catalonian» owner of a bookstore in One Hundred Years of Solitude. García Márquez At that time he read the works of writers such as Virginia Woolf and William Faulkner, who influenced García Márquez in his narrative techniques, historical themes and use of provincial towns. The environment of Barranquilla gave García Márquez a literary education at the global level and a unique perspective on Caribbean culture. With respect to his journalism career, Gabriel García Márquez has said he served as a tool to «not lose touch with reality.» At the request of Álvaro Mutis in 1954 García Márquez returned to Bogotá to work in the Spectator as a reporter and film critic. A year later, García Márquez published in the same newspaper Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor, chronicles a series of fourteen on the sinking of the destroyer A. R. C. Caldas, based on interviews with Luis Alejandro Velasco, a young sailor who survived the shipwreck. The publication of the articles resulted in a nationwide public controversy when at last revealed the hidden history written since discredited the official version of events that had attributed the cause of the shipwreck of a storm. As a result of this controversy, García Márquez was sent to Paris to be a foreign correspondent for The Spectator. He wrote his experiences in The Independent, a newspaper which briefly replaced the Spectator, under the military government of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and was later shut down by Colombian authorities. Later, after the triumph of the Cuban revolution in 1960, Garcia Marquez traveled to Havana, where he worked in press agency created by Prensa Latina, the Cuban government and befriended Ernesto Guevara. GGM In 1974, along with leftist intellectuals and journalists, founded Alternative (magazine) that lasted until 1980 and was a landmark in the history of journalism in Colombia opposition. For the first issue, Gabo wrote an exclusive article on the bombing of La Moneda Palace in Santiago, Chile, which ensured that the edition was exhausted. Then it would be the only one who signed the articles. In 1994 along with his brother Jaime García Márquez, and Jaime Abello Banfi, GGM created New Iberoamerican Journalism Foundation (FNPI), which aims to help young journalists learn with teachers such as Alma Guillermoprieto and Jon Lee Anderson, and to stimulate new ways of journalism. The headquarters of the company is in Cartagena de Indias and García Márquez is still the president of the fundación.Su first story, The third resignation, was published in 1947 in a liberal newspaper called The Spectator Bogota. A year later, he began his journalism work for the same newspaper. His first works were all stories published in the same journal from 1947 to 1952. During these years he published a total of fifteen cuentos.16 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN
Gabriel García Márquez wanted to be a journalist and write novels, but also wanted to create a more justa.16 for litter, her first novel, it took several years to find a publisher. Finally published in 1955, and although the review was excellent, most of the edition was in stock and the author did not receive from anyone «not a penny in royalties» Garcia Marquez 3 states that «of all that was written , Leaf Storm was his favorite because he felt it was the most sincere and spontaneous› .16 Gabriel García Márquez took eighteen months to write Hundred Years of soledad.16 On Tuesday May 30, 1967 was released in Buenos Aires the first edition of the novel. Three decades later was translated into 37 languages and sold 25 million copies worldwide. «It was a real bomb, which exploded from day one. The book went to bookstores without any advertising campaign, the novel sold out its first edition of 8000 copies in two weeks and soon became the title and magical realism in Latin American mirror of the soul «22 Hundred Years of Solitude has influenced in almost all major novelists worldwide. The novel chronicles the Buendía family in the village of Macondo, which was founded by José Arcadio Buendía. It can be considered a work of realism mágico.23 Love in the Time of Cholera was first published in 1985. It is based on the stories of two couples. The story of the young pairing of Fermina Daza and Florentino Ariza is inspired by the love story of Garcia›s parents Márquez.3 However, as García Márquez explains in an interview: «The only difference is that my parents were married. And as soon as they married, they were no longer interesting as literary figures «14 Love of the elderly is based on a story he read in a newspaper about the death of two Americans, nearly eighty years of age, who met all year in Acapulco. They were in a boat one day and were murdered by the boatman with his oars. García Márquez notes, «Through his death, the story of their secret romance became known. I was fascinated with it. They were each married to someone else.
Macondo nació en la camada, que poblachón cerca de la costa atlántica colombiana y se ha convertido en uno de los grandes mitos de la literatura universal. Toma la historia de un entierro imposible. Murió un personaje extraño, un antiguo médico odiado por el pueblo, y un coronel retirado, para cumplir una promesa, está decidido a enterrar el rostro de la oposición de todo el pueblo y sus autoridades. “
LA HOJARASCA
Vargas Llosa rose to fame in the 1960s with novels such as The Time of the Hero (1962), The Green House (1965) and Conversation in the Cathedral (1969). He continues to write prolifically in a variety of genres, including literary criticism and journalism. His novels include comedies, murder mysteries, historical novels and policies. Several, such as Captain Pantoja and the (1973) and The Feast of the Goat (2000), have been adapted and made into films. Many of Vargas Llosa’s works are influenced by the writer’s perception of Peruvian society and his own experiences as Peru, but has increasingly addressed issues from around the world. He has lived in Europe (including Spain, Britain, Switzerland and France) most of the time since 1958, when he began his literary career, so his work is also perceived some influence europea.Vargas Llosa was born in a family of middle class mestizo and Creole descent in the city of Arequipa, in southern Perú.8 was the only child of Ernesto Vargas Maldonado and Dora Llosa Ureta, who separated months before his birth to divorce after the same by mutual agreement. Shortly after Mario was born, his father revealed he had a relationship with a German woman and, as a result of this union were born two half siblings writer: Enrique and Ernesto Vargas10 (the first died of leukemia at age eleven; the second is a lawyer and a U.S. citizen) .11 Mario lived with his maternal family in Arequipa until a year after his parents’ divorce, when his grandfather Peter J. Bustamante Llosa moved with his family to Bolivia, where he had won a con-
MARIO VARGAS LLOSA
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010 tract to manage a cotton plantation near that city Cochabamba.12 In Mario spent his early childhood with his mother and family of this, studying primary at Colegio La Salle, to the fourth grado.13 14 Up to ten, was led to believe that his father had died, and his mother and her family did not want to explain that they had separado.15 16 At the beginning of the government of President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero in 1945, his grandfather (who was a relative of the president) won the post of prefect of the department of Piura, so the entire family returned to Peru. Mario’s uncles settled in Lima, while Mario and his mother followed Grandpa Piura.17 City 18 There Mario continued his primary studies at the Salesian College Don Bosco, 19 in fifth grade and where he befriended one of his companions, Javier Silva Ruete, who later would economía.20 minister In late 1946 or early 1947, and when he was ten years old, Mario met his father for the first time in Piura.21 His parents re-established their relationship and moved to Lima, settling in Magdalena del Mar, a district media.22 class then moved to La Perla, in Callao, where they lived in a small house isolated. Weekends Mario used to visit his uncles and cousins who lived in the neighborhood of Diego Ferré, in the district of Miraflores, where he made many friends and where he had his first enamoramientos.23 In Lima he studied at the Colegio La Salle, the congregation of Brothers of the Christian Schools, from 1947 to 1949.24 by taking the sixth grade in 1947, and the first two years of high school from 1948 to 1949. His relationship with his father, always tortuous, mark the rest of his life. For years, he kept to mixed feelings, such as fear and resentment, because during his childhood endured violent outbursts from his father, and a resentment towards family Llosa and great jealousy for his mother, but mainly due to the repulsion of his father towards his literary vocation, which was never comprender.25 At age 14, his father sent him to the Leoncio Prado Military Academy in Callao, a boarding school where he studied for 3rd and 4th year of secondary education, between 1950 and 1951. They endured a harsh military discipline, and, according to his testimony, was the era in which he read and wrote, “as he had never done before,” consolidating its early vocation escritor.26 His favorite readings were the novels of writers French Alexandre Dumas and Victor Hugo. Among his teachers figured the surrealist poet César Moro, who for a time gave classes francés.27 During the summer holidays of 1952, Vargas Llosa began working as a journalist in the Lima newspaper La Cronica where entrusted reports, notes and interviews locales.28 That same year he retired from military school and moved to Piura, where he lived with his Uncle Luis Llosa (“Uncle Lucho”) and completed the final year of secondary school in San Miguel de Piura.17 29 Simultaneously worked for the local newspaper, La Industria, and witnessed the theatrical performance of his first play dramaturgical, The flight of the Inca, in the theater ‘Variety’ In 1953, during the government of Manuel A. Odria, Vargas Llosa joined the National University of San Marcos, where he studied law and Literatura.31 participated in university politics through Cahuide, name that kept alive the Peruvian Communist Party, then pursued by the government, against which was opposed by university bodies and fleeting protests in places. A short time later distanced himself from the group and signed up for the Christian Democratic Party of Hector Cornejo Chavez, hoping that the party launched the candidacy of José Luis Bustamante y Rivero, who, by
then, returned from exile. This expectation was not fulfilled. During this time, he worked as an assistant to renowned historian Raúl Porras Barrenechea San Marcos in a work that never materialized: a monumental multi-volume history of the conquest of Peru. In 1955, at the age of 19, he married Julia Urquidi, his aunt on his mother, who was 10 years mayor.32 Because this act of rejection caused in his family were forced to separate for a time being newlyweds. In order to maintain a common life, the young Mario, helped by Porras Barrenechea, got up to seven simultaneous jobs: as an assistant librarian at the National Club, writing for several news media and even cataloging names tombstones Presbyter Matías Master Lima and finally began working as a journalist for Radio Panamericana, substantially increasing their incomes.13 33 By then Vargas Llosa began his literary career in earnest with the publication of his first stories: Grandfather (in the newspaper El Comercio, December 9, 1956) 34 and heads (in the Peruvian Mercury magazine, February 1957) 35 In late 1957 he introduced a story contest organized by La Revue Française, a major French publication dedicated to art. His story called The challenge won first prize, which consisted of two weeks of visiting Paris, to where he left in January 1958. His stay in the French capital was extended for a month, before returning to Lima.13 36 That same year he graduated from high school in Humanities at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, a merit of his thesis about the basis for an interpretation Ruben Darío.37 was also regarded as the most distinguished student of Literature San Marcos, 38 for which he received a scholarship to follow Javier Prado graduate courses at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, in España.39 Before leaving for Europe, made a Short trip to the Peruvian Amazon, an experience that would serve to acclimate after some of his novels in the space geográfico.40 In 1960, after his scholarship in Madrid culminated, Vargas Llosa moved to France with the impression that I would get a scholarship to study there, but having arrived in Paris he learned that his application had been denegada.41 A Despite the unexpected financial status of Mario and Julia, the couple decided to stay in Paris where Vargas Llosa began to write prolífica.41 Their marriage lasted a few years, but ended in divorce in 1964.42 A year later, Vargas Llosa married his cousin, Patricia Llosa, 42 with whom he had three children: Álvaro Vargas Llosa (1966), writer and editor, Gonzalo (1967), entrepreneur, and Morgan (1974), photographer. In Paris, finished writing his first novel, The Time of the Hero, and there, through the Spanish scholar Claude Couffon, contacted Carlos Barral, director Seix Barral. The novel won in 1962 the Biblioteca Breve Prize and was published the following year in the Barcelona publisher. In 1966, while reading that made The Green House, the then head of the publishing rights, Carmen Balcells, proposed to the writer decided to become his literary agent. Encouraged him to focus exclusively on the literature and obtained financial support during the time it lasted drafting Conversation in the Cathedral, on condition that the contract with the publisher did it. From that moment, became his agent and got to get contracts extraordinarios.43 In 1971, under the direction of Professor Alonso Zamora Vicente, obtained a PhD in Philosophy from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid with excellent cum laude for his thesis García Márquez: language and structure of his narrative, then published under the García Márquez title: story of a deicidio.44 Also in 1970 was sworn of the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. Vargas Llosa is expert in Peruvian football statistics mundial45. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN
During World journalist deportivo.46 Spain 1982 was 47 In 1983 his ex-wife Julia Urquidi published his memoir What Varguitas not said in response to the novel Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, based on their relationship, 48 which were reissued in 2010. LA CIUDAD Y LOS PERROS
JUAN RAMÓN JIMÉNEZ
La obra se sitúa en el Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado, donde los reclusos son adolescentes y jóvenes de educación secundaria bajo la disciplina militar severa. Cuentan historias diferentes acerca de los niños que descubren y aprenden a vivir con alienar a un estilo de vida que mantiene su desarrollo como individuos, y su sometimiento y humillación. Sin embargo, a través de este sistema, algunos encuentran la fortaleza para asumir retos. Vargas Llosa critica el estilo de vida y la cultura militar, donde se potencian valores determinados (agresividad, valentía, hombría, sexualidad, etc) que mutilan el desarrollo personal de los niños de esa pasantía. Con una profusión de personajes, las vidas de estos recorriendo ir tejiendo el tapiz de la obra. El quid de la historia se centra en el robo de las preguntas del examen, que es traicionado por un cadete apodado el Esclavo, quien luego muere, presumiblemente por otro cadete apodado El Jaguar. Otro cadete, el Poeta, tratan infructuosamente de demandar al Jaguar. Estos cadetes se enfrentan entre sí, y todo ello con las autoridades escolares, que son los dos oficiales militares. El epílogo de la novela que ha sido certificado por la escuela para los protagonistas: una estación de paso que se ha formado o deformado, para su integración en la sociedad civil.
Juan Ramón Jiménez was born on December 23, 1881 at house number two in the street Moguer.1 Ribera was the son of Victor and Purification Mantecón Jimenez, who is successfully engaged in the wine trade. In 1887 his parents moved to an old house in New Street and learning in primary and elementary school for primary and secondary schools in San Jose. In 1891 approved with outstanding grades of Primary Education examination at the “La Rabida” of Huelva. In 1893 Baccalaureate studies at the college of San Luis Gonzaga of Puerto de Santa María, and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He moved to Sevilla in 1896, to be a painter, believing that this is their vocation. There frequents the library of the Ateneo Seville. Write his first works in prose and verse. Begins to work in newspapers and magazines of Seville and Huelva. He began his law imposed by his father at the University of Seville, but leaves it in 1899. In 1900 he moved to London and published his first two textbooks, Waterlilies and Souls of violet. The death of his father in the same year and the family ruin caused him deep concern, lived intensely because of his character hyperesthetic, and in 1901 will be admitted with depression in a sanatorium in Bordeaux, returning to Madrid, then to Sanatorium Rosario. Published in 1902 and is involved in sad Arias Foundation Helios literary magazine. Also leaving the sanatorium of the Rosary and moves to the home address of Dr. Simarro. Already in 1904 publishes Gardens distant. In 1905 he returns to his hometown, by the death of his father and
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956 the economic problems besetting his family, residing in the house at Aceña. This period coincides with the period of greatest literary production, which include, in the Second Antolojía Poetics (printing completed in 1922), the books in verse: Pastoral (1903-1905); Olvidanzas (1906-1907); Ballads Spring (1907); Elejías (19071908); sound Loneliness (1908), Poems and mourners májicos (1909); Arts minor (1909); wild Poems (1910-1911); Maze (19101911) Melancholy ( 1910-1911), impersonal Poems (1911); love books (1911-1912); Sundays (Apartment 1) (1911-1912), The heart in hand (Apartment: 2) (1911-1912), Bonanza ( Apartment: and 3) (1911-1912); thoughtful forehead (1911-1912), Purity (1912) Golden Silence (1911 -1913) and Idylls (1912-1913), all written during his stay in the house . Six years later he moved to Madrid, where he meets Zenobia Camprubí Aymar in 1913, with whom he falls deeply in love. He made several trips to France and then to America, where in 1916 he married Zenobia. This fact and the rediscovery of the sea will be decisive in his work, writing Diary of a Newlywed Poet. This work marks the border between the sensory and intellectual stage. Since this time creates a lyrical poetry with a very pure intellectual. In 1918 leading poetic renewal movements, achieving a strong influence on the Generation of ‘27. From 1921 to 1927 published in journals of his prose work, and from 1925 to 1935 published his notebooks, home to most of his writings. From 1931, the poet’s wife will suffer the first symptoms of a cancer that ended his life. In 1936 he was forced to leave Spain at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, moving to Washington. This moment marks in his work, the transition from stage to stage intellectual enough or true. In 1946 the poet remains hospitalized eight months because of another bout of depression. In 1950 he moved back to Puerto Rico, teaching at the University of Puerto Rico. In 1956 the Swedish Academy awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in Puerto Rico, where he has lived most of his life in exile, where he teaches at the University. Three days later, his wife died in San Juan. He never recovered from this loss and remains in Puerto Rico while Jaime Benitez, rector of the Rio Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico, accepted the award on his behalf. Juan Ramon Jimenez died two years later, in the same clinic where his wife died. His remains were transferred to Spain. PLATERO Y O
Burro Platero es pequeño, peludo, suave, tan suave que sería todo de algodón, que no tiene huesos. Da la vuelta y la gente dice que tiene el acero. Era una noche de niebla y morado. Malvas y verdes claridades vagas estaban detrás de la torre de la iglesia. Vino un hombre oscuro, con una gorra y un palo de brocheta en el seroncillo quería, pero lo impide. Tres niños como mendigos, uno dijo que era cojo, etc. En esta extraña chica llegó y insultarlos mientras que les da consejos. Todo parecía diferente cuando se produjo el eclipse, el mar estaba
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN
blanco ... Y para una mejor utilización de instrumentos diversos: gafas de ópera, etc, y también lo eran de diferentes lugares: desde el punto de vista, etc. La luna va acompañado de un valle sueño. Hay un olor penetrante de las naranjas, húmedo y silencioso. Hace frío y miedo, así que Platero trota salir de allí. Platero le indica si la miga aprender muchas cosas. Conozca más que el médico. Pero ya era demasiado grande para sentarse en una mesa, cantando en el coro, escribir con la pluma, etc. Además maltratarlo. Por lo tanto, dijo que enseñar algunas cosas.