TCO scoring model for effective data center solutions presentation

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TCO Scoring Model for Effective Data Center Solutions Presented by Ron Budicky and Debra Vieira


Team BIOs

Debra Vieira has more than 20 years of experience in design of electrical systems for data centers and industrial facilities. As a data center specialist, she has developed recommendations for innovative data center upgrades and improvements and leveraged those innovations facility-wide through her active involvement in the planning, design and commissioning activities required for implementation of advanced mechanical and electrical infrastructures around the world. Ronald Budicky has 28 years of experience in electrical engineering. He has served as a lead electrical engineer on many mission critical advanced technology facilities including data centers considered among the most advanced in the world. His vast knowledge of facility optimization is the product of his extensive experience in all aspects of facility design including programming, concept development, schematic design, design development, and construction documents.

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AGENDA

• Key factors that impact the TCO Scoring Model • Review of TCO Scoring Model Process • TCO Scoring Form • Conclusion • Questions

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TCO Overview and Key Factors


What is the TCO Scoring Model

SCALABLE

Significant number of decisions Many times analysis is based on cost alone, ignoring other important subjective factors, which all too often can lead to a facility that does not perform as expected.

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TECHNOLOGY

MODULAR

TOPOLOGY COST

TIER? NEXT STEP

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TCO Scoring Model Factors

Construction Costs: ~Tier 3 – M$/MW IT

Establishing overall cost is the first and most basic component of the model development.

M$ / MW IT (USD)

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0 0

5

10

15

MW IT Capacity

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What is the TCO Scoring Model

What is your decision process? – Install Cost – Energy Usage – Reliability – Scalability – Total Cost of Ownership This is an incomplete decision-making approach. There is a need for a more rigorous analysis of the many design and operational component options than a simple TCO model can provide.

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Additional Components of TCO Analysis

What about: – Simplicity of Scalability – Construction Impacts & Lead Times – Flexibility for future technologies & increased densities – Sustainability beyond energy – Vendor support through the life cycle of the facility or product We will evaluate these decisions within a collaborative, constructive, inclusive and interactive framework that clients often find quite effective.

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What is the TCO Scoring Model

The TCO scoring model is a tool that allows you to take into account all parts of a design to give you a probable cost of construction to enable clients to make a decision on how to move forward. This includes capital and operating costs of systems selected.

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Factors Considered in the TCO Scoring Model Facility’s Unique Functional Technology and Enhancing Reliability

– Scale (MW/Cost) – Electrical Topology Choices (Complexity vs. Cost) – Flexibility and Expandability – Cooling Approaches – Location (Construction Labor, Land Cost) – Buyout Approaches (GC@Risk, Cost) •

Equipment & Contractors

Cost + Open Book

– Technology Choices – Eliminate Single Points of Failure – Fail Small Approach – Commissioning

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Factors Considered in the TCO Scoring Model Rapid Prototyping

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Factors Considered in the TCO Scoring Model Rapid Prototyping

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PUE Approach for TCO Scoring Model 1.7

1.6

PUE (Approximate)

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1 DX

Chiller (no econ)

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Waterside

Indirect Airside

Direct Airside

plus HE Elec

plus Elevated Temps

plus chillerless

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TCO Analysis


SL-01 2N SINGLE LINE Utility A

Utility B

2N Key: Green-Phase 1 Gray-Phase 2 LB

1.1 MW N

UPS

STS

1 .1MW N

UPS

LB

1.1 MW N

Mech Loads STS

Mech Loads

UPS

1.1 MW N

STS

UPS

STS

UPS LB

LB

FA/LSS/SEC

v PDU PDU

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PDU PDU

PDU

v PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU PDU

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SL-02 N+1 SINGLE LINE Utility A

Utility B

N+1 Key: Green-Phase 1 Gray-Phase 2

Mech Loads

1.1 MW Typical UPS UPS UPS N N N+1

STS

Mech Loads

STS

STS

STS

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

PDU

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STS

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SL-03 ISO/STS SINGLE LINE Utility A

Utility B

ISO Key: Green-Phase 1 Gray-Phase 2

To B Side STS/PDU Mech Loads

1.1 MW N

UPS

STS

1.1 MW N+1

To A Side STS/PDU UPS

STS

1.1 MW N

UPS

STS

UPS

Mech Loads

FA/LSS/SEC

To “B” Bus

To “B” Bus

STS

STS

PDU

PDU

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To Phase 3 UPS STS

To ”A” Bus

To “A” Bus

STS

STS

PDU

PDU

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UPS Technology Efficiency Comparison

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UPS TCO Scoring Factors

Load

Part Load (1100 kW)

Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW)

Energy Cost

UPS Maintenance

Battery maintenance (1100 kW)

Total (1100 kW)

1

257

23%

89.5%

0.076

$2,500

$11,000

$13,500

2

679

62%

92.1%

0.079

$2,575.00

$11,330.00

$13,905

3

834

76%

92.1%

0.081

$2,652.25

$11,669.90

$14,322

4

920

84%

91.9%

0.083

$2,731.82

$12,020.00

$14,752

5

1007

92%

91.7%

0.086

$2,813.77

$12,380.60

$15,194

6

1104

50%

91.9%

0.088

$2,898.19

$12,752.01

$15,650

7

1216

55%

92.0%

0.091

$2,985.13

$13,134.58

$16,120

8

1350

61%

92.1%

0.094

$3,074.68

$13,528.61

$16,603

9

1517

69%

92.1%

0.097

$3,166.93

$13,934.47

$17,101

10

1735

79%

92.0%

0.099

$3,261.93

$14,352.51

$17,614

11

2027

92%

91.7%

0.102

$3,359.79

$14,783.08

$18,143

12

2171

99%

91.5%

0.106

$3,460.58

$15,226.57

$18,687

13

2371

72%

92.1%

0.109

$3,564.40

$15,683.37

$19,248

14

2572

78%

92.0%

0.112

$3,671.33

$16,153.87

$19,825

15

2772

84%

91.9%

0.115

$3,781.47

$16,638.49

$20,420

Year 0

Notes: 2014 Energy Rate: $0.074/kW-hr Total load extended linearly past year 11

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Summary of Electrical UPS Power Options

Breakdown

SL-01

SL-02

SL-03

Tier 4

Tier 3

Tier 3

0.8HRS/YR (99.99%)

1.6HRS/YR (99.98%)

1.6HRS/YR (99.98%)

2N UPS

N+1 (SCC)

ISO RED /STS

(M$)

(M$/MW)

(M$)

(M$/MW)

(M$)

(M$/MW)

1 MW IT

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

2 MW IT

5.2

2.6

4.7

2.4

4.7

2.4

4 MW IT

10.4

2.6

9.4

2.4

9.4

2.4

Note: Costs are based on use of 20 year VRLA at 15 min EOL Note: Costs are based on system from Substation level down to panel/PDU for distribution Note: Tiers and reliability numbers above (unplanned failures-downtime/yr. & % availability) are based on Uptime Institute

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UPS Options – Initial Capital Outlay UPS Options - Initial Capital Outlay 10.0

9.0

8.0

M$

7.0 2N UPS 6.0

N+1 (SCC) ISO RED /STS

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0 1 MW IT

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2 MW IT

4 MW IT

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Energy & Cost Analysis by UPS/Battery Option (1100 kW) Given: 2 MW Critical Load @ Full Build Out @15 Min VRLA @20 years 1100 kW Modules Load Quantity kW (ea.) IT Load 1 257 1 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 27 UPS Subtotal IT Load 1 679 2 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 54 UPS Subtotal IT Load 1 834 3 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 66 UPS Subtotal IT Load 1 920 4 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 75 UPS Subtotal 12

13

14

15

IT Load Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) UPS Subtotal IT Load Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) UPS Subtotal IT Load Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) UPS Subtotal IT Load Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) UPS Subtotal

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Total 257 27

Running Hours Full 8,760 8,760

679 54

8,760 8,760

834 66

8,760 8,760

920 75

8,760 8,760

1 1

2,171 184

2,171 184

8,760 8,760

1 1

2,371 187

2,371 187

8,760 8,760

1 1

2,572 206

2,572 206

8,760 8,760

1 1

2,772 225

2,772 225

8,760 8,760

Annual Energy Cost $171,759 $18,035 $189,793 $467,041 $36,896 $503,937 $590,879 $46,679 $637,559 $671,510 $54,392 $725,902

Peak Energy $171,759 $18,035 $189,793 $467,041 $36,896 $503,937 $590,879 $46,679 $637,559 $671,510 $54,392 $725,902

$2,006,108 $170,519 $2,176,627 $2,257,198 $178,319 $2,435,516 $2,521,547 $201,724 $2,723,271 $2,799,727 $226,778 $3,026,504

$2,006,108 $170,519 $2,176,627 $2,257,198 $178,319 $2,435,516 $2,521,547 $201,724 $2,723,271 $2,799,727 $226,778 $3,026,504 22


Battery TCO Scoring Factors

Assumptions: 1. Prices below are based on single 1100kW UPS module. 2. Building Cost per sqft: $ 150.00 3. Inflation rate for annual maintenance: 3% 4. Annual discount rate: 5.0% 5. Additional costs for 10 yr VRLA technology include battery monitoring (factory wired). 6. Additional costs for 20 yr VRLA technology include battery monitoring field wired. No rack or cabinet for "stackable" jars. 7. Additional costs for Wet cell technology include disconnect, and spill containment (at $150/SF of rack footprint per vendor quote). 8. Install costs for 20 yr VRLA and 20 yr. Wet cell = 20% of battery cost+additional cost, 10 yr VRLA install costs = 15% due to cabinet vs. rack and factory installed battery monitoring. Budgetary information from vendors Battery Type Time VRLA 10yr 10 min. VRLA 10yr 15 min. VRLA 10yr 20 min.

Full Name 10 min. VRLA 10yr 15 min. VRLA 10yr 20 min. VRLA 10yr

# cabinets Rack/Cabinet Rack/Cabinet or racks Cost Area (FT²) 60.4 $0 4 90.7 $0 6 90.7 $0 6

VRLA 20yr VRLA 20yr VRLA 20yr

10 min. 15 min. 20 min.

10 min. VRLA 20yr 15 min. VRLA 20yr 20 min. VRLA 20yr

4 5 6

60.4

Wet Cell Wet Cell Wet Cell

10 min. 15 min. 20 min.

10 min. Wet Cell 15 min. Wet Cell 20 min. Wet Cell

5 5 5

202.5

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75.6 90.7

202.5 202.5

Room Area

Building Cost

384 576 768

$0 $0 $0

480

$15,000 $30,000 $30,000

600

720 960

900 1200

$57,600 $86,400 $115,200

Install Cost $27,000 $31,500 $41,400

Additional Cost $35,000 $50,000 $70,000

Total Install $119,600 $167,900 $226,600

$72,000 $108,000 $144,000

$64,200 $71,000 $97,420

$70,000 $70,000 $70,000

$90,000 $135,000 $180,000

$37,400 $43,000 $50,000

$163,875 $163,875 $163,875

Quote $180,000 $210,000 $276,000

Replacement Cost $108,000 $126,000 $165,600

Replacement Time 3-5 years 3-5 years 3-5 years

$206,200 $249,000 $311,420

$321,000 $355,000 $487,100

$192,600 $213,000 $292,260

12-15 years 12-15 years 12-15 years

$ $ $

$291,275 $341,875 $393,875

$187,000 $215,000 $250,000

$112,200 $129,000 $150,000

12-15 years 12-15 years 12-15 years

$ $ $

Number of Strings 5 6 8

Initial Annual $ 17,550.00 $ 21,060.00 $ 28,080.00

5,500.00 5,500.00 5,500.00

2 2 2

$ 11,000.00 $ 11,000.00 $ 11,000.00

8,500.00 8,500.00 8,500.00

1 1 2

$ 8,500.00 $ 8,500.00 $ 17,000.00

PM Service per string $ 3,510.00 $ 3,510.00 $ 3,510.00

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Maintenance Cost Analysis by Option

UPS

Install Cost

Battery Cost

Number of Units

Battery Replacement

2N UPS

$5,200,000

$355,000

4

$852,000

N+1 (SCC)

$4,700,000

$355,000

3

$639,000

ISO RED/STS

$4,700,000

$355,000

3

$639,000

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Battery Options (Pros & Cons) Pros

Cons

Less Maintenance

Shorter Life, 3-5 Yr. Replacement

Less Gassing

10 Year Design Life

Safer to handle, electrolytes are contained, do not corrode.

Fails Open

No Spill Containment Needed

Less Heat Tolerant

Less Space Required

Battery Monitoring System

Lowest First Cost

Thermal Runaway

10 yr. VRLA

Higher Power Density Less Maintenance

Fails Open

Less Gassing

Less Heat Tolerant

Safer to handle, electrolytes are contained, do not corrode.

Higher First Cost

No Spill Containment Needed

Battery Monitoring System

Less Space Required

Thermal Runaway

20 yr. VRLA

Longer Life, 12 to 15 Yr. Replacement Higher Power Density

Wet Cells

Longer Life, 12 to 15 Yr. Replacement

Requires H2 gas monitoring and ventilation to exhaust H2 gas emitted during charge

Warning Before Failure

Higher Maintenance Required

Middle Cost

More hazardous to handle due to acid electrolyte

More Heat Tolerant

Spill Containment Required

No Battery Monitoring Required

More Space Required Lower Power Density

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Battery TCO @ 1100kW Inflation: 3% Annual Discount Rate: 5.0%

15 min. Wet Cell YEA R

DESCRIPTION Annual Discount Rate

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Cost

Running Total

5.0%

Initial cost of investment

$215,000

$215,000

Racks

$30,000

$245,000

0

Total Install Cost

$341,875

$586,875

1

Annual Maintenance - yr. 1

$8,500

$594,970

2

Annual Maintenance - yr. 2

$8,755

$602,911

3

Annual Maintenance - yr. 3

$9,018

$610,701

4

Annual Maintenance - yr. 4

$9,288

$618,342

5

Annual Maintenance - yr. 5

$9,567

$625,838

6

Annual Maintenance - yr. 6

$9,854

$633,191

7

Annual Maintenance - yr. 7

$10,149

$640,404

8

Annual Maintenance - yr. 8

$10,454

$647,480

9

Annual Maintenance - yr. 9

$10,768

$654,421

10

Annual Maintenance - yr. 10

$11,091

$661,230

11

Annual Maintenance - yr. 11

$11,423

$667,909

12

Annual Maintenance - yr. 12 plus Total String Replacement cost

$140,766

$746,292

13

Annual Maintenance - yr. 13

$12,119

$752,719

14

Annual Maintenance - yr. 14

$12,483

15

Annual Maintenance - yr. 15

$12,857

15 min. Wet Cell

$765,208

$759,024

15 min. VRLA 20

$860,431

$765,208

15 min. VRLA 10

$900,876

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Battery 15 Year Total Cost of Ownership - 1100kW

Battery 15 Year Total Cost of Ownership - 1100kW $1,000,000 15 min. Wet Cell

$900,000

15 min. VRLA 10yr

$800,000

15 min. VRLA 20yr

$700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $0 0

1

2

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3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Analysis by UPS/Battery Option 2: Option 1: 2N UPS

Notes: 1) Battery replacement at Year 12 Given: 2MW Critical Load @ Full Build Out @15 Min VRLA @20 years

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Running Total $5,200,000 $5,393,613

Option 1

DESCRIPTION

5.0% $5,200,000

Annual Discount Rate Initial Cost: UPS & Battery

$203,293

Annual Operating Cost Year 1

$5,862,943

$517,437

Annual Operating Cost Year 2

$6,425,353

$651,059

Annual Operating Cost Year 3

$7,033,661

$739,402

Annual Operating Cost Year 4

$7,686,678

$833,434

Annual Operating Cost Year 5

$8,386,322

$937,590

Annual Operating Cost Year 6

$9,140,106

$1,060,649

Annual Operating Cost Year 7

$9,958,909

$1,209,746

Annual Operating Cost Year 8

$10,860,242

$1,398,263

Annual Operating Cost Year 9

$11,870,421

$1,645,476

Annual Operating Cost Year 10

$13,029,826

$1,982,976

Annual Operating Cost Year 11

$14,723,797

$3,042,127

Annual Operating Cost Year 12

$16,022,562

$2,449,016

Annual Operating Cost Year 13

$17,404,818

$2,736,771

Annual Operating Cost Year 14

$18,867,112

$3,040,004

Annual Operating Cost Year 15

$13,667,112

Total Cost of Operation

$5,200,000

Estimated Initial Capital Cost

$18,867,112

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

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TCO Summary

Option

UPS

Total Cost of Operation

Estimated Initial Capital Cost

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

1

2N UPS

$13,667,112

$5,200,000

$18,867,112

2

N+1 (SCC)

$13,548,506

$4,700,000

$18,248,506

3

ISO RED/STS

$13,548,506

$4,700,000

$18,248,506

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UPS System Annual TCO Comparison (15 Year Period) UPS System Annual TCO Comparison (15 Year Period) $20,000,000

$18,000,000

$16,000,000

TCO in NPV

$14,000,000 2N UPS $12,000,000

N+1 (SCC) ISO RED/STS

$10,000,000

$8,000,000

$6,000,000

$4,000,000 0

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2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

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TCO Scoring Form Option Evaluation Document - Data Centers Project Key Decision Number: Key Decision Description:

KD-014A KD-014A Parallel Redundant Iso-Redundant w/STS N+1 (SL-03) (SL-02) Key Decision Sub-Option Number: 1 2 3 Option Scoring Score Score Score 1 Fatal Flaw? No No No 2 Safety: 10 10 10 3a TCO NPV: (Based on 2MW IT load) 18,867,112 18,248,506 18,248,506 3b TCO Score: 7 8 8 4 Cost Containable within Established Budget? Yes Yes Yes 5 Enables Competitive Bidding 9 9 9 6 Provides a Concurrently Maintainable Solution 10 10 10 7 No single points of failure 10 10 10 8 Meets desired resiliency level (i.e. Tier) 10 10 10 9A Risk Avoidance: Technology (extent proven for application) 9 8 8 9B Risk Avoidance: Data Center Reliability 9 8 8 9C Risk Avoidance: Construction Schedule Delay from Baseline 8 8 8 10 Sustainability (other than energy) 8 8 8 11 Scalable in Appropriate Increments in a Non-Intrusive / Low-Risk Fashion 10 9 9 12 Flexibility for Future Changes 10 10 10 13 Supportive of High Density Needs 9 9 9 14A Vendor support capability throughout facility lifecycle (consider long term viability of vendor) N/A N/A N/A 14B Vendor is acceptable to Client N/A N/A N/A 15 Supportive of Client IT Operations 10 9 8 - Supportive of Legacy IT equipment voltages 10 10 10 - Supportive of Future IT equipment voltages 10 10 10 - Supportive of IT additions/changes without Electrically Energized Work (EEW) 9 9 9 16 Positive Effect on Site Environment (aesthetically pleasing, mitigated acoustics) 8 8 8 9 8 8 Client has a combination of 2N and Parallel redundant UPS systems. The idea of executing a 2N system is very intriguing Decision Made/Basis for Decision: to client based on their present operation and familiarity with this type of system. Option 1 favors clients present operational conditions and minimizes the impact of human error. The cost of the initial system is also in line with clients budget. See pro's & con's matrix below. Recommendation from Workgroup:

Proceed with This Option Proceed with Option 1 (2N)

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KD-014A 2N (SL-01)

175

171

should be no difference Based Lower to Higher score based on cost

Scored 2N highest based on clients past use Scored 2N highest based on clients past use

N/A N/A Scored 2N highest based on clients past use

Adjustments made based on Pro's/Con's listed below

170

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Conclusion A true TCO is a thorough analysis taking into account all the factors affecting design, construction, maintenance and support throughout the life cycle of the facility.

– Site – Facility Architecture – Technology – Electrical Topology – Mechanical Cooling – Install Cost – Energy Usage – Sustainability – Reliability – Scalability – Maintenance – Vendor Support

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Total Cost of Ownership

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Questions

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Thank You Debra Vieira Debra.Vieira@ch2m.com 503.736.4051

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Ronald Budicky Ronald.Budicky@ch2m.com 412.249.6527

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