RE.HA.B - Revitalization and Harmonization Battle - Graduate Project by Chakshu Bansal

RE. HA. B . THE REVITALISATION AND HARMONISATION BATTLE

CHAKSHU BANSAL

RE.HA.B. BY CHAKSHU BANSAL

A thesis book for the Final Architectural Project submitted to the Department of Architecture, Art and Design, American University in Dubai. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture Fall 2014

Approval of the Thesis Book for Final Architectural Project Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Art and Design, American University in Dubai

Student Name: CHAKSHU BANSAL Thesis Book Title: RE.HA.B - Revitalization and Harmonization Battle Thesis Abstract: This thesis explores the design options and its effects on healing and overall health of the UN Peace Keeping soldiers through the strong integration of civil community. This rehabilitation center will be designed for a social cause and not as a medical facility. Its main aim will be to smooth the transition from a military environment into the civil community. The environment will be designed to promote a healthy mind and body though strong connections between built environment and its natural surroundings. There are many factors that are involved in our bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s biological recovery time, and many of these biological responses are included through our emotions, which can be controlled in some degree by the spaces that surround us. The spaces we inhabit and their exposure to natural elements, such as fresh air, contribute to a patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s recovery process. Health care facilities are often associated as being sterile, artificial environments. By designing spaces that are mentally stimulating through their connections with nature and strong integration of the community a more complete level of well-being can be maintained by the patient.

_____________________ Student Signature

____________ Date

Advisor/Professor Name: TAKESHI MARUYAMA

_____________________ Advisor/Professor Signature

____________ Date

This book is dedicated to all those men and women who have served in the military. For those who have served and are currently serving, I would like to thank you for your dedication towards your country. Because of you we are safe in our homes. And for those brave soldiers who gave their full last measure, we salute you! This thesis is dedicated to you. It is my way of expressing the brimming love, respect and pride that I have in my heart for you. You are the true Hero!

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This thesis would be incomplete without the help of several people. Firstly, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my professor, TAKESHI MARUYAMA, who continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to research, and an excitement in regard to teaching. Without his guidance and persistent help this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to thank DR. SUAD for giving me his precious time so that I could gain deeper knowledge on the subject. I would most importantly like to thank my friends who have brain stormed with me for ideas, proof read my work at several stages of the writing process and being brutally honest about my work. Also, I want to thank them for their constant support thought out my life at the university. I would like to thank my parents without whom this thesis would not have been possible. I want to thank my father who believed that anything I create is extraordinary. I thank my mother for being a constant support system. Mom, you believed in me from the beginning. I hope I am able to make you proud one day. Most importantly I want to take this opportunity to thank my brothers and sisters. DEWANSH, PRITHU AND NANDINI, you are the best and the closest friends I have. I thank you for supporting me though out my life. You have been the best critique at every step of the way. It is because of you that I have grown up to be the person I am today. Thank you!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SOLDIER FOR PEACE

AFTER-EFFECTS OF WAR

PEACE FOR SOLDIERS

HEALING AND ARCHITECTURE

MISSION UNIVERSAL SOLDIER SOLDIER THE DREAMER BACK TO LIFE AND BEYOND

U.N. PEACEKEEPING RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT FATALITIES

PHYSICAL WOUNDS OF WAR BACK TO LIFE - PROSTHESIS INVISIBLE WOUNDS OF WAR GAP BETWEEN NEED AND USE

REHABILITATION REHABILITATION IN THE U.A.E. GUIDLINES FOR DEFENSE REHABILITATION ACCESSIBILITY

ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE AESTHETICS HEALING ENVIRONMENTS PROJECT EMPHASIS USER-CLIENT DESCRIPTION

CASE STUDIES

PROGRAMMING AND SPACIAL ANALYSIS

SITE CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS

DESIGN APPROACH

BEIT-HALOCHEM REHABILITATION CENTRE ST. JOHNS REHAB SPAULDING HOSPITAL/PERKINS+WILL REHABILITATION CENTRE GROOT KLIMMENDAAL

187

SPACIAL ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED FACILITY MAJOR PROJECT ELEMENTS PROGRAM INTERACTION MATRIX

201

CITY SITE OPTIONS ANALYSIS OF SITE OPTIONS DETAILED SITE ANALYSIS LOCATION OF FACILITY ON SITE SPACE AND SITE CORRELATION

STUDY OF BUBBLE DIAGRAM DESIGN CONCEPTS

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS DEDICATION Preceliq. “soldier fallen.” www.deviantart.com. 2010. http://preceleq320. deviantart.com/art/Soldier-fallen-150716274.

CHAPTER 1 U.N.Peacekeeping. “deployment of a united nation peacekeeper.” Epacha.org. 2011. www.epacha.org/Pages/UN_Peacekeepers_2011.aspx.

“Ending Violence Against Women.” UN Women Australia. n.d. https://unwomen.org. au/focus-areas/ending-violence-against-women.

“Children’s Rights Day Celebrations.” Unlimited Media. 2011. www.unmultimedia. org/s/photo/detail/501/0501566.html.

UNBConnect. “United Nations Peacekeeping.” Bangladesh Chronicle. 2014. http://www.bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2014/03/140-policemen-join-unpeacekeeping-mission-in-south-sudan.

“Responsibility to Protect.” ICRtoP Blog. 2014. icrtopblog.org.

24 “War: A Personal Connection.” Student Art Guide. 2014. www.studentartguide. com/featured/war-theme-a-level-art.

“Fijian Peacekeepers.” UN Tribune. 2014. peacekeeping Archives. untribune.com/ tag/peacekeeping.

CHAPTER 2 “Troop and Police Contributors.” United Nations Organisation. n.d. www.un.org.

32 “United Nations Logo” United Nations Organisation. n.d. www.un.org.

33 “Current Missions” United Nations Organisation. n.d. www.un.org.

34 “Car bomb kills 6 U.N. soldiers.” Reuters. 2007. http://www.reuters.com/ article/2007/06/24/us-lebanon-unifil-blast-idUSL2473539920070624.

CHAPTER 3 “World War Two drawings.” Brown University. 2010. blogs.brown.edu/askb/.../ world-war-two-drawings-acquired.

“Joe Kapacziewski.” Patdollard. 2013. Military. patdollard.com.

42 “Prosthetic toe.” Wikimedia Commons. 2014. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Prosthetic_toe.jpg.

“WW1.” Pinterest. n.d. WW1. https://www.pinterest.com/motomu/wwi.

43 “Body Powered Harness Motion.” Design of a Human Hand Prosthesis. 2012. www. wpi.edu/Pubs/.../MQP_PaulV_Complete_Final_3.pdf.

“Paralympic sprinter.” Wikimedia. 2009. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_U.S._Army_World_Class_Athlete_Program_Paralympic. jpg.

“Cyber Hand.” Metro. 2012. http://www.metro.co.uk.

45 “PTSD.” Crisis Prevention. 2014. www.crisisprevention.com.

CHAPTER 4 “Treatment.” Advance Therapy Solutions. n.d. http://www. advancetherapysolutions.com.au/.

De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

“Rashid Hospital.” Dubai Health Authority. 2010. http://www.dha.gov.ae.

54 “Ekso Bionics.” Robotics Business Review. 2005. http://www. roboticsbusinessreview.com/company/ekso_bionics.

“Prolotherapy stimulates patient’s damage tissue to heal itself.” Gulf News. 2013. http://gulfnews.com/life-style/health/prolotherapy-stimulates-patients-damaged-tissue-to-heal-itself-1.1202261. “Wounded Warriors.” Defence. 2007. www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle. aspx?id=2856.

“German Soldiers.” The Guardian. 2011. www.theguardian.com.

CHAPTER 5 “Healing Garden.” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/ blog/.

“Walter Reed National Military medical Care Healing Garden.” HOK. 2011. http://hok.com.

De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

“Walter Reed National Military medical Care Healing Garden.” HOK. 2011. http://hok.com.

“Healing Garden.” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/ blog/.

“Falling Water.” ArchDaily. 2010. www.archdaily.com.

66 “Walter Reed National Military medical Care Healing Garden.” HOK. 2011. http://hok.com.

“New North Zealand Hospital.” Archiscene. 2014. Mollar Architects. www. archiscene.net.

“Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre.” ArchDaily. 2010. www.archdaily.com.

68 “Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre.” ArchDaily. 2010. www.archdaily.com.

69 “Walter Reed National Military medical Care Healing Garden.” HOK. 2011. http://hok.com.

“Walter Reed National Military medical Care Healing Garden.” HOK. 2011. http://hok.com.

“Healing Garden.” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/ blog/.

“Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www. perkinswill.com.

CHAPTER 6 Geron, Amit. “Beit Halochem Rehabilitation Center, Be’er Sheva.” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beer-sheva/.

Geron, Amit. “Beit Halochem Rehabilitation Center, Be’er Sheva.” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beer-sheva/.

Geron, Amit. “swimming pool” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/ beer-sheva/.

Geron, Amit. “courtyard” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beersheva/.

Geron, Amit. “hydropool” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beersheva/.

Geron, Amit. “accessibility.” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/ beer-sheva/.

Geron, Amit. “Beit Halochem Rehabilitation Center, Be’er Sheva.” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beer-sheva/.

Geron, Amit. “Floor Plan” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beersheva/.

Geron, Amit. “Floor Plan.” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beersheva/.

Geron, Amit. “Sections” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beersheva/.

“St. John’s Rehab.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

106 “St. John’s Rehab.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

107 “Reception.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

107 “Swimming Pool” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

107 “St. John’s Rehab.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

108 “Gym.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

108 “Site Plan.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

109 “Floor Plan.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com.

109 “Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www. perkinswill.com.

128

“Healing Garden.” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill.com.

128 “Fitness Center” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill.com.

130 “Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www. perkinswill.com.

“Green Roof.” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill.com.

130

“Site” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill.com.

131 “Floor Plan” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill.com.

131 “Section” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill.com.

131 De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

155

De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

156

De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

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De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

156

De wit, Rene. “FloorPlan” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

157 De wit, Rene. “FloorPlan” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

157

De wit, Rene. “FloorPlan” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

157 De wit, Rene. “FloorPlan” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

157 De wit, Rene. “Section” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

157 De wit, Rene. “Elevation” ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com.

157

CHAPTER 7 “oak ridge gun range.” Gulf Breeze Indoor gun range. n.d. www. oakridgegunrangegb.com.

190

“Dunstable swimming Pools.” n.d. www.dunstableswimmingpools.co.uk.

190 “Prosthetic Gym.” n.d. www.fitness.co.uk.

190 “sports.” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/blog/.

190 “cycle track.” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/blog/.

190 “peace” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/blog/.

190 “logo” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/blog/.

190 “Massage” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/blog/.

191 “hydrotherapy pools.” n.d. www.dunstableswimmingpools.co.uk.

191 “accupuncture .” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/ blog/.

191

“library reading” n.d. www.readingforbeginners.co.uk.

193 “Arts” n.d. www.artsandcraftadults.co.uk.

193 “workshops.” n.d. www.artsandcrafts.co.uk.

193

CHAPTER 7 “Dubai.” Global Conferences. 2014. www.global-conferences.eu/dubai.

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CHAPTER 9 “Pebbles.” Dolese. n.d. Home. www.dolese.com/.

243

“Rocks.” Dolese. n.d. Home. www.dolese.com/.

245

“waves.” Extant Acoustical Consulting. n.d. www.extantacoustical.com/.

247

DISABLED1 He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark, And shivered in his ghastly suit of grey, Legless, sewn short at elbow. Through the park Voices of boys rang saddening like a hymn, Voices of play and pleasure after day, Till gathering sleep had mothered them from him. About this time Town used to swing so gay When glow-lamps budded in the light-blue trees And girls glanced lovelier as the air grew dim, In the old times, before he threw away his knees. Now he will never feel again how slim Girls’ waists are, or how warm their subtle hands, All of them touch him like some queer disease. There was an artist silly for his face, For it was younger than his youth, last year. Now he is old; his back will never brace; He’s lost his color very far from here, Poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry, And half his lifetime lapsed in the hot race, And leap of purple spurted from his thigh. One time he liked a bloodsmear down his leg, After the matches carried shoulder-high. It was after football, when he’d drunk a peg, He thought he’d better join. He wonders why . . . Someone had said he’d look a god in kilts. That’s why; and maybe, too, to please his Meg, Aye, that was it, to please the giddy jilts, He asked to join. He didn’t have to beg; Smiling they wrote his lie; aged nineteen years. Germans he scarcely thought of; and no fears Of Fear came yet. He thought of jewelled hilts For daggers in plaid socks; of smart salutes; And care of arms; and leave; and pay arrears; Esprit de corps; and hints for young recruits. And soon, he was drafted out with drums and cheers. Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer Goal. Only a solemn man who brought him fruits Thanked him; and then inquired about his soul. Now, he will spend a few sick years in Institutes, And do what things the rules consider wise, And take whatever pity they may dole. To-night he noticed how the women’s eyes Passed from him to the strong men that were whole. How cold and late it is! Why don’t they come And put him into bed? Why don’t they come? --Wilfred Owen

“Wilfred Owen.” Disabled, by. Accessed September 17, 2014.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION “They protect our future it’s time we protected theirs”

MISSION

“Our soldiers have nobly fought to protect freedom since out country’s birth, and have fought to protect those that could not protect themselves, even in foreign lands when called upon” --John Linder

This thesis explores design options and its effects on healing and overall health of the UN Peace Keeping soldiers through the strong integration of civil community. It aims to create a facility that will help smooth the transition from a military environment into the civil community. The health care facility will aim to heal the body and mind of the injured soldier through the strong integration of the civil community. The rehabilitation center will not be designed as a medical facility but for a social cause. The environment will be designed to promote a healthy mind and body though strong connections between built environment and its natural surroundings. This thesis aims to create a facility that uses this technology to heal the soldiers that are affected by the war and give them the most advanced medical care that they deserve. By the unique combination of ‘Healing’ and ‘Technology’ this thesis aims to improve the life of soldiers who are wounded while serving their country and to give them a chance to a better life after fulfilling their duties towards their country. Health care facilities are often associated as being sterile, artificial environments. By designing spaces that are mentally stimulating through their connections with nature and strong integration of the community a more complete level of well-being can be maintained by the patient. This theme is unique because people in general do not like the military forces and it generally creates a negative sentiments relating to wars. However, military does not necessarily create war. It is more importantly about protecting innocent people in the time of need. For example, when there is a natural disaster in a country the military soldiers are the first ones to come and help the people. The UN Peace Keeping does the same. They selflessly promote peace throughout the world. In return these soldiers deserve love and care from the people. For this there needs to be awareness in the public about sacrifices that these soldiers make. This facility will be a constant reminder of the same.

By designing this facility I aim to create awareness amongst the civilians that military is not necessarily bad. There are soldiers out there who fight for peace in foreign land. This way I aim to create a world peace sentiment through the military that would spread in the world rippling through the heart of Dubai.

UNIVERSAL SOLDIER

“There are soldiers out there that are everyday doing heroic things.. We do not need to create them” -- Jessica Lynch

This facility will be designed for the soldiers taking part in the UN Peacekeeping program. It is aimed to help these soldiers to transit from a military environment to a civilian setting. These soldiers belonging to different nationalities come together for the sole cause of keeping peace in the world. In this sense these soldiers are the true universal soldiers as they fight not for any economic gain or power but fight to maintain peace in the world. Recently U.A.E. has been promoting the Union Defense Force (U.D.F) in the public. They recently passed a law this year stating “every Emirati man aged between 18 and 30 to sign up for military service. Young women may volunteer”2 . The U.A.E. wants to promote patriotic sentiment amongst its youth. They believe that it is lacking within the youth of U.A.E. “The elderly people of U.A.E. have strong patriotic feeling towards the country but the younger generation lacks this sentiment”3 Therefore, this would be the perfect time to introduce a facility that will stand for peace. This facility will positively impact the people of the country by giving them hope for a safe and secure future and will further encourage the youth of U.A.E. to join the U.D.F and to serve the people of this country as it will promote a positive image of military. It also counteracts with the negative image of military power and promotes the idea that there are soldiers in the world that fight for peace and not necessarily always against a particular country. This facility will promote the idea that a soldier, regardless of the country, chooses the path to be a soldier out of the love and respect for his or her country and the need to serve his or her country. This facility will be dedicated to this universal sentiment of love that soldiers all over the world share for their respective countries. Based on this common ground every soldier who has served his or her country deserves to be cared for and treated with respect. These soldiers deserve a chance for a better life. This facility provides them with that chance of living a fulfilled independent life. To further promote this cause, the facility will be located in the center of the neighborhood where it can be easily accessed by the local public (especially the youth). They will be able to interact with the soldiers through this facility and learn about their sacrifices. And as a result, this facility will persistently remind people that they are constantly being protected by their soldiers. This will further promote a strong sense of patriotism within the country. Furthermore, the location of this facility will encourage people to come and communicate with retired soldiers and as a result will give the injured soldiers a chance to interact with the civilians which will help accelerate their healing process.

2 10, 2014. 3 10, 2014.

Ruiz, Ramona. “National Service for Emirati Men Becomes Law.” The National. June 7, 2014. Accessed September Ruiz, Ramona. “National Service for Emirati Men Becomes Law.” The National. June 7, 2014. Accessed September

SOLDIER THE DREAMER â&#x20AC;&#x153;Soldiers are dreamers; when the guns begin they think of fire lit homes clean beds and wivesâ&#x20AC;? -- Siegfried Sassoon

The soldiers on duty, away from their home and family, are always dreaming of going back. Every child, mother or father that they protect and help they see their own child, their own mother or their own father. However, once they finish their duties and get ready for their return they pack with themselves many mental and physical injuries. Because of these injuries their sweet dreams of home are replaces with traumatic nightmares. The proposed facility aims to provide a transitional platform for soldiers returning from war and for their families. The facility will explore the design options and its effects on healing and overall health of the UN Peace Keeping soldiers through the strong integration of civil community. This rehabilitation center will not be designed as a medical facility but for a social cause. By integrating the civil community into the facility both the communities will benefit. The civil community will help the soldier heal faster and make their transition smoother. And the civil community will be able to interact with the soldiers and learn their experiences. Another important factor that will be explored in the design will be the integration of the natural environment into the built facility. The environment will be designed to promote a healthy mind and body though strong connections between built environment and its natural surroundings. Health care facilities are often associated as being sterile, artificial environments. By designing spaces that are mentally stimulating through their connections with nature and strong integration of the community a more complete level of well-being can be maintained by the patient. This facility is intended to promote a positive sentiment amongst the general public for the military and to create a patriotic rage, which is lacking, within the youth of U.A.E. Also, the civil community will be able to understand through this facility that the military is not necessarily a negative entity; it can fight together for peace around the globe.

BACK TO LIFE AND BEYOND â&#x20AC;&#x153;I may be compelled to face danger, but never fear it, and while our soldiers can stand and fight, I can stand and feed and nurse themâ&#x20AC;? -- Clara Barton

This thesis explores design options and its effects on healing and overall health of the UN Peace Keeping soldiers through the strong integration of civil community. The building typology is a rehabilitation center that provides post medical care to the soldiers. It is for soldiers who have suffered through mental trauma such as PTSD or physical injuries which has led to amputation. The rehabilitation center attempts to return them to full health through their stay in an environment designed to restore heath. Its main aim will be to smooth the transition from a military environment into the civil community. The environment will be designed to promote a healthy mind and body though strong connections between built environment and its natural surroundings. Health care facilities are often associated as being sterile, artificial environments. By designing spaces that are mentally stimulating through their connections with nature and strong integration of the community a more complete level of well-being can be maintained by the patient. Through this rehabilitation center the public will be acquainted to the fact that military is not always negative, there are soldier out there fighting for peace in foreign land. This will promote a positive image of the military. It will stimulate the idea that military does not necessarily need to be associated with creating wars. The Military is about defending the country and protecting its people and also creating peace. As a result this facility will give soldiers from all over the world a chance for a better quality of life after they have fulfilled their duties towards the people. This will further promote the youth of the Middle East to think positively about the military. By creating awareness about the armyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sacrifices the facility will promote the overall military status in the country and reignite the lost patriotic rage in the youth of the country.

CHAPTER 2: SOLDIERS FOR PEACE I am a soldier that stands proud and ready. I am ready to fight when the lion roars at my door. I wear my uniform with pride because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s my choice. Working long hours through the night. For our freedom I go to fight. I work all day and work all night, Little sleep, little time. My body hurts and my soul aches For my home is so far away. I am a soldier who is proud to serve. Even though, the price is so much more. If I shall fall donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t cry and mourn. I served my country with honor and with pride. Remember the many that have fallen and welcome the ones that return. For we are your sons, daughters, mothers, fathers, husbands and wives. The battle is long and the sacrifice is high. But we always stand ready, ready to fight. --Elizabeth Gaytan

UN TROOPS AND PEACEKEEPING CONTRIBUTERS 0 1-99 100-499 500-999 1000-2999 3000-4999 5000 AND ABOVE

UN PEACEKEEPING “Working for peace is a full time job” --George Clooney

United Nations Peacekeeping helps countries that are torn by conflict to create the conditions for lasting peace. The UN does not have its own military force; it depends on contributions from Member States. The team comprises of civilians, police and military personnel. Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective tools available to the UN to assist host countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace It has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them with civilian peace keepers to advance multidimensional mandates.4 UN Peace keepers provide security and the political and peace building support to help countries make the difficult, early transition from conflict to peace. UN Peacekeeping is guided by three basic principles: - Consent of the parties; - Impartiality; - Non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate. “Today’s multidimensional peacekeeping operations are called upon not only to maintain peace and security, but also to facilitate the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; support the organization of elections, protect and promote human rights and assist in restoring the rule of law”5 Success is never guaranteed, because UN Peacekeeping goes to the most physically and politically difficult environments. However, they have built up a demonstrable record of success over our 60 years of existence, including winning the Nobel Peace Prize.

30% 3

70% The UN Peacekeeping is made of: 1- 30% Females 2- 70% Males

5 4

As of 30 September 2014, the workforce in the field consisted of: 1- 1,813 UN Volunteers. 2- 91,383 serving troops 3- 12,529 police personnel 4- 5,271 international civilian personnel 5- 11,700 local civilian staff

“United Nations Peacekeeping.” UN News Center. Accessed October 25, 2014. “United Nations Peacekeeping.” UN News Center. Accessed October 25, 2014.

RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT Peacekeeping is flexible and over the past two decades has been deployed in many configurations. The data below and on the left is from the UN news center. - Peacekeeping operations since 1948: 69 - Current peacekeeping operations: 16 The current operations are as follows: UNIFIL, Lebanon UNISFA, Abyei UNMIK, Kosovo UNMIL, Liberia UNMISS, South Sudan UNMOGIP, India and Pakistan UNOCI, Cote dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;lvoire UNTSO, Middle East

MINURSO, Western Sahara MINUSCA, C.A.R. MINUSMA, Mali MIUSTAH, Haiti MONUSCO, D.R. of the Congo UNAMID, Darfur UNDOF, Golan UNFICYP, Cyprus

TOP 10 UN TROOP CONTRIBUTORS

SENEGAL GHANA JORDAN NEPAL RWANDA NIGERIA ETHIOPIA INDIA BANGLADESH PAKISTAN 0

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10000

UNTSO, MIDDLE EAST United Nations Truce Supervision Organization Helping to bring stability in the Middle East This is one of the many projects that were undertaken by the UN Peacekeeping. Set up in May 1948, UNTSO was the first ever peacekeeping operation established by the United Nations. Since then, UNTSO military observers have remained in the Middle East to monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating and assist other UN peacekeeping operations in the region to fulfill their respective mandates. UNTSO personnel have also been available at short notice to form the nucleus of some other peacekeeping operations worldwide. The availability of UNTSOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s military observers for almost immediate deployment after the Security Council had acted to create a new mission has been an enormous contributory factor to the early deployment and the success of those operations. MISSION FACTS: LOCATION: Middle East HEADQUARTERS: Government House, Jerusalem DURATION: MAY 1948 to Present STRENGTH: 157 military observers, 86 international civilian personnel, 134 local civilian staff COUNTRY CONTRIBUTERS: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland and United States. FATALITIES: 18 troops, 18 military observers, 8 international civilian, 6 local civilian. TOTAL: 50

FATALITIES “Service members who are returning from war are affected everyday by traumatic events and find themselves in a very difficult situation. They are left to deal with many issues mentally, physically, and emotionally”

Working for peace is a full time job. Some soldiers while doing this noble job get injured or worse lose their lives. “A total of 3277 soldiers have been injured or killed since the UN peacekeeping program has been initiated”6

The Chart on the left shows the break down of UN Peacekeeping Fatalities by Appointment Type The Military soldier has the highest percentage of fatality and Military Observer has the lowest after other.

4 3 2

1- Military 2- Military Observer 3- Police 4- International Civilian 5- Local 6- Other

most unstable operations were in 1993

2014 2013 2008 2003 1998 1993 1988 1983 1978 1973 1968 1963 1958 1953 1948 0

100

150

200

250

The above bar chart shows the fatalities of the UN Peacekeeping soldiers every 5 years. The Blue shows the fatalities of the military soldiers and the shows the total fatalities of the respective year 6

“United Nations Peacekeeping.” UN News Center. Accessed October 25, 2014.

The chart on the Right shows the break down of UN Peacekeeping Fatalities according to the Accident Type Highest Fatalities are caused by Accidents and Malicious Acts

Accident Illness Malicious Act Other

-1 -2 -3 -4 2

According to the analysis from the above charts, from the past 10 years, Average Soldier Fatalities per Year is 80 soldiers per year. For the next 10 years the projected curve is 200 soldiers per year. A soldier’s life is not an easy one. Yet he/she chooses to serve his/her country with pride and honor. They know the price they to pay, yet it does not stop them from serving their country. They selflessly stay away from their family so that we can stay safe with ours. For this I believe they deserve endless love and respect. For they have sacrificed everything they have for our safety, so that we can sleep peacefully at night. Even after they return home to their family they are unable to feel comfortable. They suffer from several mental traumas to say the least. The poem “Disabled” by Sassoon explains the state of a soldier who is disabled by the war. He talks about how before the war people used to look at him as if he was their hero and now they look at him with pity. This is the reality of soldiers injured by the war. And because of this, many times refuse to accept proper medical care. They believe that this would affect their military carrier and people would see them as weak and vulnerable. They do not deserve to be treated this way or to live this life. They deserve to live with respect a fulfilled life after serving selflessly in the army. The only way to ensure this is by creating a facility dedicated to them, where they can feel free to be treated without feeling to have lost their dignity or respect.

Top Image of Car bomb kills 6 U.N. soldiers in south Lebanon, 2007

CHAPTER 3: AFTER-EFFECTS OF WAR “I am deeply concerned with the widespread, often undiagnosed, incidents of PTSD and the alarming suicide rates amongst out returning soldiers” -- Barbara Lee

The physical wounds of war affect the soldier psychologically. The soldier who was once physically strong and seen as a hero is now branded as disabled and in need of special help and services. They have a reduced quality of life and may also have a reduced span of life is treatment is not available. Further they are socially disadvantaged and their employment opportunities are reduced. They can also be seen as a burden to the family or local community.

PHYSICAL WOUNDS OF WAR In simple terms a physical disability is a limitation on a person’s physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. A soldier is considered victorious if he is alive. However, this survival comes at a price, Many survivors (UK) have sustained traumatic orthopedic injuries: approximately 70 percent of war wounds are musculoskeletal injuries, and 55 percent are extremity wounds. Fractures account for 26 percent of combat injuries, and 82 percent of all fractures are open fractures7 Twice as many U.S. soldiers wounded in battle last year (2010) required limb amputations than in either of the two previous years. Three times as many lost more than one limb, and nearly three times as many suffered severe wounds to their genitals. In most cases, the limbs are severed in the field when a soldier steps on a buried mine.8

1- 2008-2009 US Soldier’s single limb loss 2- 2010 US Soldier’s single limb loss

1- 2008-2009 US Soldier’s limb amputation 2- 2010 US Soldier’s limb amputation

7 Pollak, Peter, and Carolyn Rogers. “A Brief Background of Combat Injuries.” April 1, 2007. Accessed September 17, 2014. 8 Brown, David. “Amputations and Genital Injuries Increase Sharply among Soldiers in Afghanistan.” Washington Post. March 5, 2011. Accessed September 16, 2014.

BACK TO LIFE – PROSTHESIS “Prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.”1 A person’s prosthesis should be designed and assembled according to the patient’s appearance and functional needs and economic capabilities

HISTORY OF PROSTHESIS The evidence of prosthetic usage dates back as early as the ancient Egyptians. It was found that a mummy’s big toe had been amputated during its life and supplanted with a carefully crafted wooden toe. This which attached by a series of wooden plates and leather strings. The oldest known leg prosthesis from 300 BCE was discovered in Capua, Italy, and was made out of copper and wood. Also, in the 16th century, prostheses were created from iron for soldiers by the same blacksmiths who crafted their suits of arms. An iron arm had the ability to flex a fully digital hand. By the 19th century, James Potts created a leg with artificial tendons to lift the toe when bending the knee2 During the American Civil War the number of amputations rose astronomically, forcing Americans to enter the field of prostheses. Similar to the Civil War, World War 1 also had an impact on prostheses.

1 2

“Prosthesis.” Wikipedia. July 19, 20142. Accessed September 17, 2014. “Prosthesis.” Wikipedia. July 19, 20142. Accessed September 17, 2014.

PRESENT FIELD OF PROSTHESIS The current solutions for limb prosthetics do not appear vastly different. However, newer materials and electronics have made prostheses more functional since they are lighter, more compliant, and more adaptable to specific stump shape or personal style. LIMB PROSTHESIS Limb Prostheses include both upper and lower extremity prostheses. Upper extremity prosthesis is when the prosthesis will have two joints such as the elbow and shoulder. Lower extremity prosthesis will have one joint (just the elbow). There are two main types of prosthesis available under upper extremity prosthesis, Cable operated limbs work by attaching a harness and cable around the opposite shoulder of the damaged arm and the other form of prosthetics available are myoelectric arms. These work by sensing, via electrodes, when the muscles in the upper arm moves, causing an artificial hand to open or close3 A transfemoral prosthesis is a lower extremity prosthesis. It is an artificial limb that replaces a leg missing above the knee. Transfemoral amputees can have a very difficult time regaining normal movement. In general, a transfemoral amputee must use approximately 80% more energy to walk than a person with two whole legs. However, in newer and more improved designs, hydraulics, carbon fiber, mechanical linkages, motors, computer microprocessors, and innovative combinations of these technologies are employed to give more control to the user. Another type is lower extremity prosthesis is a transtibial prosthesis. “It is an artificial limb that replaces a leg missing below the knee”4 Transtibial amputees are usually able to regain normal movement more readily than someone with a transfemoral amputation, due in large part to retaining the knee, which allows for easier movement.

Sketch showing cable operated prosthesis

World War I soldier, a double amputee, plays billiards with prosthetic legs 3 4

“Prosthesis.” Wikipedia. July 19, 2014. Accessed September 17, 2014. “Prosthesis.” Wikipedia. July 19, 2014. Accessed September 17, 2014.

A below-the-knee amputee sprinter in the U.S. Army World Class Athlete Program, won the 100 meters with a time of 12.15 seconds.

ROBOTICS PROSTHETICS “We will be able to replace entire limbs with prosthetics that can replicate one’s own biological functions precisely, casting a natural outward appearance and requiring minimal upkeep”

Robotic Prosthetic Limbs is a fairly new idea. There has been ongoing research on this revolutionary idea. “It is an ambitious multiyear program to create a neurally controlled artificial limb that will restore near-natural motor and sensory capability to upper-extremity amputee patients”5 Unlike passive artificial legs, robotic legs have the capability of moving independently and synchronize with its user’s movements6 Some examples of robotic prosthetics are: The C-Leg (image on the left), it has a carbon fiber frame, a built-in computer to analyse data from multiple sensors, and a hydraulic cylinder that actuates the knee and matches the user’s step on various terrain. “These devices have reached such a high performance level that users are able to participate in athletic events”7 However, unlike lower-limb prosthetics, upper-limb prosthetics are not yet dexterous enough to provide function comparable to healthy limbs. Commonly used upper-limb prosthetics range from a hook to a single-degree-of-freedom (opening and closing) mechanism using myoelectric control. Upper-limb prosthetics with multiple degrees of freedom typically use sequential control methods, with locking mechanisms or switches used to separately activate each joint. There is a lot of room left to improve these unnatural control mechanisms. The Cyberhand (image below) with a single degree of freedom per finger, aims to interface with both afferent and efferent pathways, providing true feedback for the user. The ACT hand is designed around the central tenant that an anatomically correct hand can be operated by the same neural signals used to operate the muscles in the original hand.

5 6 Research. 7

“Revolutionizing Prosthetics.” Revolutionizing Prosthetics. January 1, 2014. Accessed September 17, 2014. Salisbury, David. “Robotic Advances Promise Artificial Legs That Emulate Healthy Limbs.” Vanderbilt November 7, 2013. Accessed September 17, 2014. Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed September 17, 2014.

INVISIBLE WOUNDS People who serve in the military can face unique challenges and the most dangerous of all are the psychological injuries. This is because unlike the physical wounds of war, these conditions are often invisible to the eye, remaining invisible to other service members, family members, and society in general. This affects mood, thoughts, and behavior; yet these wounds often go unrecognized and unacknowledged. As with safeguarding physical health, safeguarding mental health is an integral component in order to recruit, prepare, and sustain a military force. Safeguarding mental health is also critical for compensating and honoring those who have served our nation. There are many emotions involved with being at war including being separated from loved ones, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse. Many soldiers have experienced traumatic brain injury or multiple concussions from combat. The military and their families should have full access to counseling by mental health professionals to help them cope with temporary or permanent losses.8

1 A 1-SMOKER 2-NON-SMOKER 2

B 1-DIVORCED 2-NOT DIVORCED 3

2 C 1-FAMILY SUPPORTIVE 2-NOT SUPPORTIVE

D 1-MARRIED 2-IN RELATIONSHIP 3-SINGLE

Charts above show reports on different criteria according to recent studies. A- 30% of US soldiers are smokers B- Military divorce rates are double than those for civilians. C- 83% of soldiers rate their families as supportive. D- Just under half of US are married, 21% are in established relationships and 22% are single. The mental health problems experienced by military personnel are the same as the general population, although experiences during service and the transition to civilian life mean that their mental ill health may be triggered by different factors. 8

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Military.â&#x20AC;? Home. January 1, 2014. Accessed September 21, 2014.

Also, The Reservists in the UK were more likely to report probable post-traumatic stress disorder than those not deployed. Regular personnel in combat roles were more likely to report probable post-traumatic stress disorder than those in support roles. Women, the lower ranks and those aged 20-24 are most at risk. “Research puts the PTSD rate for serving soldiers at four per cent, compared with three per cent in the general population”9 Concerns have been most recently centered on two combat-related injuries in particular post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Many recent reports have referred to these as the signature wounds of war. With the increasing incidence of suicide and suicide attempts among returning veterans, concern about depression is also on the rise. These conditions are being assessed most extensively in service members returning from combat. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES TBI is associated with “decreased levels of consciousness, amnesia, and other neurological abnormalities; skull fracture; and intracranial lesions; and it can lead to death”10 Blasts are the primary cause of TBI for active duty military personnel in war zones. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER “PTSD is an anxiety disorder that occurs after a traumatic event in which a threat of serious injury or death was experienced or witnessed, and the individual’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror”11. “The disorder is marked by the following symptoms occurring for more than one month and causing significant distress and/or impairment: re-experiencing the event, avoidance of stimuli relating to the event, numbing of general responsiveness, and hyper arousal”12 DEPRESSION OR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER MDD is a mood disorder that interferes with an individual’s everyday functioning. “Individuals with MDD have a persistent constellation of symptoms, including depressed mood, inability to experience pleasure, or loss of interest in almost all activities, that occur almost every da y for two weeks”13

It is also important to remember that the mental health challenges that service members experience can have a ripple effect throughout their immediate family while they are serving and upon their return home.

3 1234-

PTSD MAJOR DEPRESSION TBI NORMAL

9 10 11 12 September 13

The chart on the left is a chart based on a telephone study of 1,965 previously deployed individuals sampled from 24 geographic areas found substantial rates of mental health problems in the past 30 days, with 14% screening positive for PTSD and 14% for major depression. A similar number, 19%, reported a probable TBI during deployment

“Military.” Home. January 1, 2014. Accessed September 21, 2014. Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed Langley, William. “What Is Life Really like for the Soldier of 2012?” 16, 2014. Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed

September 17, 2014. September 17, 2014. The Telegraph. June 19, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2014.

A MODEL OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF POST-COMBAT MENTAL HEALTH EXPERIENCE OF A POST-COMBACT DISORDER -

PTSD MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER TBI OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS

EMERGENT OUTCOMES

IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCES RESOURCES/VULNERABILITIES BIOLOGICAL - FAMILY HISTORY - PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS PSYCHOLOGICAL - PRE-EXISTING PROBLEM: - PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS DURING & IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE EVENT - REACTIONS TO STRESS - COPING TECHNIQUES - TRAUMA SEVERITY SOCIAL -SOCIAL SUPPORT - LIFE/IDENTITY TRANSITION - SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS - TREATMENT AVAILABILITY & SEEKING

CO-MORBIDITY BAD HEALTH DETERIORATION DRUG USE UNEMPLOYMENT RETENTION

DIVORCE CRIME BAD HEALTH HOMELESSNESS SUICIDE MORTALITY

GAP BETWEEN NEED AND USE

There is a large gap between the need for mental health services and the use of such services, a pattern that appears to stem from structural aspects of services as well as from personal and cultural factors. Of those who have a mental disorder and also sought medical care for that problem, just over half received a minimally adequate treatment. The number who received quality care (i.e., a treatment that has been demonstrated to be effective) would be expected to be even smaller.14 Very few soldiers receive quality care. The commonness of PTSD and major depression will likely remain high unless greater efforts are made to enhance the quality of care for these individuals. Many barriers inhibit soldiers from getting treatment for their mental health problems. In general, soldiers expressed concerns that use of mental health services will negatively affect employment and may restrain military career. “About 45% were concerned that drug therapies for mental health problems may have unpleasant side effects, and about one-quarter thought that even good mental health care was not very effective”15 . This discourages many of soldiers who need help from seeking it. Focused efforts are needed to significantly improve both accessibility to care and quality of care for these soldiers. This can be done by dedicating a medical facility especially for these military members. This will encourage them to approach these medical facilities without losing their pride.

A B C D E F G 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

The above chart shows the barrier of soldiers against medical treatment, A- DON’T TRUST MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS B- TOO EMBARRASSING C- DIFFICULT TO SCHEDULE AN D- WOULD HARM MY CAREER E- MEMBERS OF UNIT WOULD HAVE LESS CONFIDENCE IN ME F- UNIT LEADER MIGHT TREAT ME DIFFERENTLY G- I WOULD BE SEEN AS WEAK

14 15

Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed September 17, 2014. Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed September 17, 2014.

CHAPTER 4: PEACE FOR SOLDIER “World has forever lost the service of thousands of good soldiers who are now disabled as a result of battle wounds” -- John Oliver

MARTIN’S STORY: THE ROAD TO RECOVERY Martin was an active 42- year-old who rode his bike 20 miles round trip to work each day. One weekend, as he was gearing up for a long ride and putting on his cycling shoes, he suddenly lost all feeling in his right arm and leg. There was no pain, no sickness, no blurred vision just no feeling. Martin was taken right away to an acute care hospital where he learned he had a mild stroke. Two weeks later, he transferred to a rehabilitation hospital where he could rebuild his strength and relearn skills needed for independent living. After his intensive inpatient rehabilitation, he continued with weekly outpatient therapy. For Martin and others, the changes that come with disability can create lifestyle challenges. Medical rehabilitation helps to identify each person’s abilities and finds ways to use those abilities and new skills in daily life. One of Martin’s biggest challenges after his stroke was learning how to do things with his left hand, even though he was

right handed. “I had to learn how to brush my teeth with my left hand. That seems simple enough, but it’s been a long, difficult process. In the end, it’s been worth it to still be able to do many things for myself.” Martin found that confidence, self-esteem, and support from family and friends played a big part in his rehabilitation and recovery. “Rehabilitation is about believing in yourself, knowing that you can get better with determination,” he reflected. “It’s not easy, but my family and therapists were very supportive.” After rehabilitation, Martin joined a stroke support group. This group of stroke survivors and family members met each month to talk about their experiences. Personal achievements were also shared as a way to inspire others to reach their own personal goals. Years later and almost fully recovered, Martin is still an active member of the stroke support group. In fact, he now bikes to and from the meetings each month.

REHABILITATION FOR PATIENTS Rehabilitation must aim to achieve maximum independence for the patient, reducing his or her dependence on home care and professional care. The patient must be able to fully reintegrate into work, education, sports, relationships, etc. “For the patient, rehabilitation means that he or she can function as independently as possible in his or her living circumstances, sports, hobbies and work”18 18 Wadell, Gordon. “Concepts of Rehabilitation for the Management of Common Health Problems.” January 1, 2004. Accessed September 17, 2014.

REHABILITATION

Rehabilitation aims to achieve recovery or improvement in people with long-term physical injury or functional impairment. It is concerned with complex problems resulting from illness, accidents or birth defects. The treatment is given after reference from a rehabilitation doctor/. Rehabilitation medicine is a recognized medical specialty since 1955. Rehabilitation treatment takes place in rehabilitation institutions, but always in the context of seamless care, in collaboration with hospitals or nursing homes and their professionals16 TRADITIONAL APPROACH This approach generally assumes that disability is a matter of permanent physical or mental impairment due to disease or injury and that disability implies incapacity for work. Rehabilitation accepts permanent injury is irreversible, and attempts to compensate for it. MODERN APPROACH Traditional approaches still tend to assume that rehabilitation is a matter of overcoming, adapting or compensating for irreversible injuries. However, there is clearly now a strong emphasis on both biomedical and social dimensions. But, there is still some neglect of the personal and psychological dimension, which rehabilitation must also address. Only then the rehabilitation will be about building individual capacity to enable the person to participate fully and meaningfully in society. The rehabilitation must focus on the enablement and the empowerment of the injured. Rehabilitation of common health problems often involves personal change such as shift in perceptions, attitudes and behavior. It must not only focus on symptoms and the sick role, but about health, capacity and work. Rehabilitation must encourage and support personal development17 16 “Revalidatie.” October 1, 2006. Accessed September 17, 2014. 17 Wadell, Gordon. “Concepts of Rehabilitation for the Management of Common Health Problems.” January 1, 2004. Accessed September 17, 2014.

REHABILITATION IN THE U.A.E. RASHID HOSPITAL A state-of-the-art retail center for orthotics and prosthetics is located in Rashid Hospital. The center aims at providing the best equipment and services in the field of orthotics and prosthetics and is spread over 550 square meters1 It has on display high-quality products to assist those with special needs and provides all kind of prosthetics for those with amputations as well as various kinds of equipment to provide support to adults and children suffering from any kind of disability. There is also a 200-square-metre workshop within the premises of Rashid Hospital and will provide 25 experienced healthcare professionals from Europe qualified in the field of orthotics and prosthetics who will be based in Rashid Hospital. On the right the diagram shows the rough spacial arrangement of the Rashid Hospital PM&R department

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rashid Hospital Sets up Prosthetics Centre.â&#x20AC;? - Khaleej Times. October 22, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2014.

Alternative entrance

Dr. Suadâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office Reception of PM&R department

Entrance to the PM&R department Main Reception

connection to primary hospital

Doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rooms Fitness Room Workshop Nurses station Reception

SURVEYS A survey was conducted in which nurses from the PM&R department at Rashid Hospital were asked a few general question about rehabilitation and prosthesis process and cost. These are their complied results: -Prosthetics definitely helps the patient to lead a much more fulfilled life -Average time is 5-7 months for the recovery of a patient with a prosthetic limb -The prosthetic limb does not affect the patient in any negative way -The average cost of a prosthetic limb varies according to the case and the product. However it starts 3000 onwards.

100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92%

95% PATIENTS OPT FOR PROSTHETICS

PROSTHETICS BOOSTS SELFCONFIDENCE BY 100%

The above chart shows the percentage of patents that opt of prosthesis. It shows that 95% of the patents opt for prosthesis and that it boosts their self confidence by a 100%. This shows how important prosthesis is for a patient who is disabled.

A TALK WITH DR. SUAD TREBINJAC Dr Suad Trebinjac is the head of the PM&R department at Rashid Hospital in Dubai. He has prior to this treated Bosian War patients. The following are his views on Prosthetics and Rehabilitation.

What positive psychological effects do prosthetics have on the patient? There are significant positive psychological effects on the patient. From being immobile the patient is able to move around and resume his day-today tasks. This changes the patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life dramatically. It would boost their selfconfidence. What negative psychological effects do prosthetics have on the patients? If the prosthetic is fitted well by the doctor then there are no negative psychological effects. The patient must also have realistic expectations. They are hoping for the prosthetics to replace the human limb which is of course not possible. Then the patients end up being disappointed and this may cause a negative psychological effect. The prosthetics need adjustments because it is hard to create an ideal prosthetic for the patient, so the patient needs to have patience throughout the treatment. Does the general public accept a person with a prosthetic limb as an equal? It depends on the society. Sometimes people with disabilities donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get the same chance of employment, education and so on. The society needs to be educated that these people have the same abilities. Sometimes even the family rejects the patient and the patients also begin to reject themselves. But people need to be taught that these patients are equals and now with the advancement of prosthetic technology they are more able than normal.

Is it easy for a person with a prosthetic limb to return to his/her work/study environment? This depends on case to case and the type of work the patient needs to return to. For example for professional athletes and soldiers it will be hard for them to return back to their work. However, for other people with work such as office jobs, sitting jobs, it is much easier. Especially below knee amputation it is fairly easy for them to return back to their work/study environment. Do you this robotic prosthetics is the future? Robotic prosthetics is here, the area of prosthetics is developing is extremely fast. We started from wooden made prosthetic limbs and have reached sophisticated computerized prosthetics. The technology is advancing very fast. But the issue is that people need to advance with this technology. They need to be educated on how to handle this technology and use it properly because these can get extremely expensive. Also, in another 50 years we might be looking at stem cell technology where in the amputated limb can be grown from human cells. Rehabilitation can be an expensive process it needs to be well funded in order for it to advance further and treat as many patients as possible and to give them good quality of care.

GUIDELINES FOR DEFENSE REHABILITATION The concept of the proposed facility should be that Service personnel with musculoskeletal conditions have access to high quality, effective and timely advice, assessment diagnosis and treatment to enable them to return to an operational level of fitness. A feasibility study report19 by ARUP (multinational professional services firm headquartered in London, which provides engineering, design, planning, project management and consulting services for all aspects of the built environment20) suggests that to provide Defence rehabilitation services in the 21st Century it will be increasingly necessary to: - Provide a world leading service so that the armed forces know that the nation will care for the injured in the best possible manner; - Provide easy access to rehabilitation facilities by Service people and their families and by clinical and other health professionals; - Provide adequate capacity; - Provide services which are affordable and efficient; - Maintain the outstanding reputation of Defence in the rehabilitative field; and - Use Defence rehabilitation to stimulate the rehabilitation of the disabled and those unable to work providing a clear example of what Defence can do for the nation

This facility should provide physiotherapy and rehabilitation for physical injuries and neuro-rehabilitation for patients with brain injuries. The principle underlying specialist rehabilitation is to return patients to functional independence, and where possible, to active military duties. The transition from living in a protected military environment, to civilian life can be difficult and stressful for both Servicemen and their families. The Facility should aim to make this transition smooth and as effortless as possible for the soldier. For many soldiers, particularly those with complex trauma and neurological injuries, rehabilitation will extend over a number of months, even years, and there is a natural desire for partners, children, and other family members to visit during this period. The facility should address issues like this and create housing spaces for the visit of family and friends. The capabilities and success of the Defence rehabilitation provide an inspiring role model for the nation. It demonstrates how severely injured Service personnel can be rehabilitated with dignity and pride to lead full and active lives as Servicemen and women or as civilians.

The facility should be a place that supports healing in its widest sense, and architecture, design and setting should play a major part in the healing process and in helping people to adjust to their new circumstances.

19 20

“A Defence and National Rehabilitation Centre.” January 1, 2011. Accessed September 17, 2014. “We Shape a Better World.” Home. Accessed October 15, 2014.

The following is a survey in which soldiers from India and the U.A.E. were asked a few questions and these are their complied results:

A 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

A- 100% Soldiers said that they were more likely to approach a rehabilitation center if it was dedicated specially to soldiers? B- 28% Soldiers said that they would like the rehabilitation center to be placed in a quiet place away from people (Blue) and 72% soldiers said that they would like the Rehabilitation Center to be in a place where they can continuously interact with people C- 100% Soldiers said it is possible for soldiers all over the world to come together and heal in one place (respect one another as a soldier regardless of the country where they are from) D- 59% Soldiers thought that the above would promote the idea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Support the soldier and be against the warâ&#x20AC;?

ACCESSIBILITY Accessibility is the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible. Accessibility can be viewed as the “ability to access” and benefit from some system or entity. The concept often focuses on people with disabilities or special needs. Accessibility is strongly related to universal design when the approach involves “direct access.” This is about making things accessible to all people (whether they have a disability or not). The design of the facility will be guided by rules of accessibility so as to provide complete access to all parts by people with disabilities.

REFERENCES These diagrams are to be used as reference for designing the facility

WHEEL CHAIR MEASUREMENTSThe images shows standard wheel chair measurements.

Detectable Path Dimensions

Person using Crutches

Person in a Wheel Chair

Person using Cane

Visually Impaired Person using Cane

MEASUREMENTS FOR PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT SPECIAL NEEDS

ENTRANCE AND DOORWAY

Minimum dimensions for doorway

Minimum dimensions for doorway in series

Left shows minimum dimensions for entrances

VESTIBULES AND CORRIDORS

Left showing minimum clear width for no door entrance

90 Degree Turn

180 Degree Turn

Minimum Corridor Width

PARKING

TOILET

CHAPTER 5: HEALING AND ARCHITECTURE “Positive experience can be transformational, memorable, personal, and healing” --Huelat Parimucha

DESIGN GOALS - The facilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design will aim to change the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s outlook on life and create experiences that will restore them back to a higher quality of life. - Design with userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs in mind - Warm , comforting, healing material palette [A] - Environmentally conscious design. - Raise awareness and inspire others in the community that this is an issue that needs to be recognized and understood by all members of the community. It is our duty as citizens to take care of our service members - Create a positive supportive environment to promote and encourage independence. [B] - The architectural design also aspires to maximize the visual and therapeutic potential of: - Natural landscape and distant views [C] - Trees and vegetation [D] - Natural light and ventilation [E] - Water and sound [F] , and -Different spatial experiences, internally and externally. [G]

E D

ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF LIFE “Architectural experience can influence a positive change in service members and their families who have been affected by the repercussions of war and deployment”21 Architectural experiences can have lasting effects on the way people live and interact with each other and their surroundings. A proper design of architectural space can evoke feelings of safety and belonging in service members who are in transition back into civilian life. Positive change can be influenced by experience. Understanding the emotions that are experienced by service members as well as the psychological effects of architecture is necessary for change to be effective. Through experience in properly designed spaces, service members can achieve a higher quality of life and restore a sense of belonging. “National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Walter Reed Army Medical Center (2004) found that including families in the experience can reduce long-term problems and aid in support”22 In order for positive change to occur, it is important to provide a facility where the emotional and psychological effects of architectural experience are researched, understood, and implemented. The result of this experience will improve the quality of life and restore a sense of belonging in service members. 21 22

Tabert, Casey. “Restore.” January 1, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2014. Tabert, Casey. “Restore.” January 1, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2014.

MAPUNGUBWE INTERPRETATION CENTRE LOCATION: South Africa ARCHITECT: Peter Rich Architects, Johannesburg, South Africa The Mapungubwe interpretation center is the perfect example of such a structure. The materials used for the structure are found in the surroundings because of which the building blends in with the surroundings. However, the structure is massive in size because of which the building stands out and attracts attention. The structure is also built at a higher ground level which further raises the building and makes it stand out of the surrounding. The sketches on the right show the scale of the building

AESTHETICS

Traditional architecture is, “An environment more attuned to the human senses, and one that helps the recuperation of injured personnel”23 The facility will therefore utilize this traditional approach by the use of local materials. The facility however will be an institution of international importance and one that belongs to a tradition of buildings which serve and honor the contribution of the military. To be worthy of this mantle the architecture of the facility has to be distinguished and stand apart from the surrounding and possess a timeless quality and thus demonstrate respect and lasting support for armed forces. This will create to create a fitting and dignified environment for the rehabilitation of injured service men and women. The proposed facility serves international soldiers therefore a perticular style of traditional architecture can not be applied in the design. Therefore, focus will be more on “universal local material” such as wood, clay and stone. Also, the aesthetic requirement for healing is opposite than the aesthetic requirement to represent the honor of the soldiers. The honor of the soldiers could be represented by grand scale of the proposed facility. Both the elements are extremely necessary, one must not over shadow the other. The proposed facility must stay in harmony with the surrounding yet create its own identity.

“A Defence and National Rehabilitation Centre.” January 1, 2011. Accessed September 17, 2014.

HEALING ENVIRONMENTS Healing environment, for healthcare buildings describes a physical setting and organizational culture that supports patients and families through the stresses imposed by illness, hospitalization, medical visits, the process of healing, and sometimes, bereavement.24

LIGHTING “80% of what we interpret of our surroundings comes to us from what we see of our environment and that is greatly affected by the light available in that environment”25 Lighting design in healthcare environments is a major factor in creating healing situations. “It is proven that people who are surrounded by natural light are more productive and live healthier lives”26 When patients are sick, and surrounded by medical equipment and white walls, the last thing they need is a dark, stuffy room. This is why it is important for every room to have a window for natural light to come into and help create a healing environment for the patient

24 25 26

“Healing Environments.” Wikipedia. October 24, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. “Healing Environments.” Wikipedia. October 24, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. “Healing Environments.” Wikipedia. October 24, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014.

There are several ways to let light in into the structure. Some interesting ways are illustrated below.

Natural light can be let into the building in many ways. One of the most effective ways is to use atriums. Atriums not only let light into the central most parts of the building but also connect the different vertical levels visually. This makes the space experience more rich for the user.

Another way of leading natural light into the structure is by bouncing the light off a water surface. This will allow light into the structure and the use of water will cool the surroundings. Water is also one of the main elements in creating healing environments because it calms the mind. Therefore, by incorporating it into the design the healing environment of the facility will be enhanced.

The above image shows the concept of a hydrotherapy pool which is used for therapy. By integrating it in this way everyone in the community can enjoy this water feature and not just the patient in therapy. An open water pool will create the soothing sound of trickling water which is extremely calming for the mind. The image below shows the water feature surrounded by trees. These trees will also act as sound barriers. They will cancel the city sounds and will attract birds that will create churping sounds. These sounds are also calming to the body and mind.

SOUND While so much of the patient’s experience is based on visual cues, the majority of meaning of their experience is auditory. The many sounds of a hospital are foreign to their experience and their line of sight is limited. Nightingale claimed that sounds that create “anticipation, expectation, waiting, and fear of surprise ...damage the patient.”27 Hospital noise, at any volume level, is credited with being the primary cause of sleep deprivation, a contributing factor in delirium, and a risk factor for errors. The current pressure to reduce noise at night has been mistakenly understood to mean undue quiet at night when patients most need cues that people are around them and available if they need help. Just as lighting must be designed to serve both day and night, so much the auditory environment be designed to support activity,cognition, rest, and sleep. The element of sound can be added by integrating a water element in the design such as a pond or a small waterfall.. Water can play a very important role in healing. The sound created by trickling water has therapeutic properties that effectively calms the mind.

“Healing Environments.” Wikipedia. October 24, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014.

HEALING GARDENS/THERAPEUTIC GARDENS A Therapeutic Garden is an outdoor garden space that has been specifically designed to meet the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the people using the garden as well as their caregivers, family members and friends. Therapeutic Gardens can be found in a variety of settings, including but not limited to hospitals, skilled nursing homes, assisted living residences, continuing care retirement communities, out-patient cancer centers, hospice residences, and other related healthcare and residential environments. The focus of the gardens is primarily on incorporating plants and friendly wildlife into the space. The settings can be designed to include active uses such as raised planters for horticultural therapy activities or programmed for passive uses such as quiet private sitting areas next to a small pond with a trickling waterfall. When combined with a water feature the healing capability of the garden is almost doubled.

Plan of a small scale healing garden. This plan incorporates greenery along with a water feature with a cross over bridge.

Healing Gardens combines with Parks Perfect place where community and soldiers can come together.

hospital setting

soldiers community people

therapeutic gardens for healing patients

open green areas

community parks with activities

PROJECT EMPHASIS The emphasis of this project will be on ways the transition from a military setting into a civil atmosphere can be effortless and smooth to the maximum extent. This will be achieved by studying the relation between nature and our bodiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; responses to stimuli as we experience the environments that we inhabit; more specifically how these responses affect a soldier as they heal from injury or surgery. And by the extreme involvement of the community members in the facility . The project will explore methods that relate healing to nature and incorporate them in the design of the rehabilitation center. Focus will be first and foremost on the soldiers and their well-being. The design goals for this project is to create a relaxed, stress free environment with direct connections to natural elements such as sunlight, airflow, views of nature, and an ability to engage directly with the natural environment.

civilian setting military setting

Proposed rehabilitation center. Soldiers and civilians can socialise and understand one another. And will cover the gap between soldiers and the civilians This will create the opportunity for the civilians to see that military can promote peace and is not always bad. This will also allow soldiers to heal in a happy environment and make their transition smoother

OUTPATIENTS

TEAM OF DOCTORS TEAM OF DOCTORS

TEAM OF DOCTORS

build strong relationship and give personal level of treatment; Patients heal faster and better

INPATIENTS

attract community to build relationship with them

COMMUNITY PEOPLE

TEAM OF DOCTORS

USER-CLIENT DESCRIPTION

The rehabilitation center is focused on the patients and their wellness. Outpatient care that allows for patients to schedule appointments based on their busy schedule will be provided. Ideally the center will cater to 200 patients at any given time. This will allow for relationships to be built between staff and patients. Staff at the facility will consist of a receptionist, nurses, physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, athletic trainers, occupational therapists and so on. In addition to physical therapists, nurses and a managerial team will also be on staff. A small number of patients will be assigned to each team to ensure that the patients are given the quality of care that they deserve and build a personal relationship with the patient. People from near by neighborhoods will be invited to use the facility leisure activities. This will create the perfect social setting for the soldier for his smooth transition into civilian atmosphere. This will help build a personal relationship between the civilians and the soldiers. The civilians will be aware about the life of these soldiers and the sacrifice they do for keeping peace in the world. The aim is for patients to gain or improve health, physical movement, or to adapt to permanent physical disability. The rehab center will work with primary care providers and other healthcare providers to ensure the highest quality of care.

CHAPTER 6: CASE STUDIES 79

EXTERIOR IMAGES The exterior design was based on modern architecture of Palestine keeping the clients needs in demand. However, the finishing was done in a raw natural “rocky” feel. The opaque finish of the “rock” is balanced out by the use of extensive glass which also provides natural light in the facility.

BEIT-HALOCHEM REHABILITATION CENTER ARCHITECTS: KIMMEL-ESHKOLOT ARCHITECTS LOCATION: BE’ER SHEVA, PALESTINE PROJECT AREA: 6,000 SQM PROJECT YEAR: 2008 - 2011

On the outskirts of Beer Sheva, where the city ends and the desert begins, the new “BeitHalochem” rehabilitation center is built. The design is inspired by desert sun and arid scenery. “The environment served us as a source of inspiration to design a composition of rock-like volumes that are grouped together” These “rocks” accommodate intimate and quiet functions, whereas the negative space between them creates gathering areas, and defines the circulation in the building. The alignment of these rocks, combined with the thin horizontal roof which hovers between them, creates an inviting and protected courtyard. The Rehabilitation Center is designed for the veterans of war, for those who have served their country and their families.

INTERIOR IMAGES The interior space is flooded with natural light which creates a healthy environment. Different “rocks” are interconnected with bridges and ramps which create semi private areas for socializing and encourage movement around the facility

STAND-OUT FEATURES A- Light bridges spanned over those areas enable passage between public spaces, which reinforces the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;experienceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the building for the users. B- Small outdoor pool which uses such simple techniques to provide a spark of energy. The angular pool is offset from a rectilinear cantilevered roof and flush with the boarded deck, a delightful moment in the program C- Another positive is the lower courtyard with its focal tree, steps to one side and light canopy fluttering overhead.

ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES A- Access patterning on the entrance paving to aid direction for people with vision impairment. B- Ramps connecting different levels for maximum accessibility.

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECTION A

SECTION B

SECTION C

SITE The facility is built away from built area to create isolation for the patients. It is built in the desert but is well connected to the closest cities through highways

Built-land

Connecting Roadways

Site

CLOSE-UP VIEW

CONCEPT

The primary idea behind the design concept is to combine 5 â&#x20AC;&#x153;rocksâ&#x20AC;? in the desert and shade it with an overarching roof. Each rock is one wing , these are segregated based on the function. The main functions include: Society and Community: Auditorium Classrooms, Workshops, Clubs. Rehabilitation: Physiotherapy, Pool, Massage, Clinic. Sports: Basketball court, Swimming Pool, Billiards, Table Tennis, Gymnastics Support and Services: Cafe, Changing Rooms, Management, Maintenance.

Rocks

GEOMETRY

The design is the composition of 7 distorted rectangles.

ZONING

The positive space creates private areas and the negative space creates public areas. The public ares is roughly 60% and the Private areas is 40%

Private Public

CIRCULATION

Spaces are connected using bridges and ramps. Ramps are used primarily for vertical circulation

GROUND FLOOR: ROOM ANALYSIS

Open area created by negative space

MAIN LOBBY PHYSIOTHERAPY SPORTS HALL ADMINISTRATION HYDRO-THERAPEUTIC POOL SWIMMING POOL CAFETERIA

CIRCULATION

Bridges to interconnect different blocks

Spaces are connected using bridges and ramps. Light bridges are used to connect different blocks at higher levels. These create spaces for socializing and enhance the experience of the building

FIRST FLOOR: ROOM ANALYSIS

MULTI-PURPOSE HALL ARTS STUDIO SPORTS HALL

SECTION: SOLID AND VOID

101

SECTION

Building created over different topographic levels connected through ramps. The light bridges are semi open-spaces. They are partially shaded NEGATIVE SPACE ACCESSIBLE ROOF SWIMMING POOL

103

SEPARATE ENTRANCE

ADMINISTRATION ARTS STUDIO/ MULTIPURPOSE CLASSES

THERAPEUTIC POOL

REHABILITATION

CAFE/RESTAURANT LOBBY

SWIMMING POOL

SPORTS HALL

MAIN ENTRANCE

BUBBLE DIAGRAM

104

SUMMARY STRENGTHS: - Blocks divided by function. - Strong design concept - Interesting Circulation, different levels connected by ramps and light bridges. - Semi-private community spaces are created - The circulation is partially shaded because of which the interior is flooded with natural light. WEAKNESSES: - Location is secluded (desert) - Not much greenery/ nature integrated in the project - No natural existing element integrated with the project

105

EXTERIOR IMAGES The exterior design is elegant and â&#x20AC;&#x153;sleekâ&#x20AC;?. Glass is used for major portion of the facade to provide transparency and natural light.

106

ST. JOHNS REHAB ARCHITECTS: MONTGOMERY SISAM ARCHITECTS + FARROW PARTNERSHIP ARCHITECTS LOCATION: TORONTO, ON, CANADA COMPLETION DATE: NOVEMBER 2011 SITE AREA: 23 ACRES TOTAL GROSS FLOOR AREA: 48,300 SF

This project illustrates the potential for hospitals to be more than just clinical settings. St. John’s sets an example for a more holistic idea about health: one that includes comfort, well-being and inspiration, one that is closely affiliated with the ravine system which provides such a precious natural ecosystem for the healthy city. The addition consists of two large rehabilitation gyms, associated clinical offices, a new therapy pool and a relocated, grade level central drop off and entry. A generous, singleloaded corridor provides the primary circulation for the addition at both levels. Not only does it provide access to a wide range of multi-disciplinary treatment spaces, it offers views into a new therapy garden and the everchanging landscape. At the same time, it is an ideal setting for patients to work independently on their rehabilitation treatment and gradually regain mobility and confidence.

INTERIOR IMAGES The internal clinical environment has been designed into a fresh, inviting space which will contribute to the patients’ rehabilitation and recovery. On entering the building, one sees directly through to the treed ravine edge, the hospital’s most precious asset.

107

STAND-OUT FEATURES A- The inclusion of the Canadian Ravine system B- Double height spaces to create interest C- Creating a courtyard between in therapy hall, inpatient and ravine system

HEALING ENVIRONMENTS A- Excessive glazing for maximum daylight B- Extremely green surroundings clearly visible from interior A

C- Natural wood material.

C B

108

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

SITE PLAN

CLOSE UP FLOOR PLAN

109

SITE The facility is located within a neighborhood. There is a lot of natural greenery in and around the site. Built-land

110

Connecting Roadways

Site

CLOSE-UP VIEW

111

CONCEPT St. Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rehab Hospital takes full advantage of a remarkable site by integrating the Canadian Ravine System into the design. It connects the major therapy spaces of the building to the ravine system to take full advantage of the natural landscape. This boosts the healing process. From the main entrance this Ravine is the first to catch the attention of the eye.

Therapeutic Rooms

113

GEOMETRY

115

ZONING The Public areas and the therapeutic rooms are located close to the Ravine system to induce public participation in the healing process.

Public Private

117

CIRCULATION

119

GROUND FLOOR: ROOM ANALYSIS

Parking Loading Dock Heritage Court Therapy Court Car drop-off

Rehabilitation entrance

Administration

Inpatient treatment gym

Healing gardens

Inpatient

121

CIRCULATION

123

CLOSE-UP THERAPY COURT: ROOM ANALYSIS

Swimming pool/ Hydro-therapy pool Treatment rooms Lobby Gift shop Gym

Hydro-therapy pool

Swimming pool

125

RAVINE SYSTEM

GYM

THERAPY POOL

SIDE ENTRANCE

INPATIENT

ADMINISTRATION SIDE ENTRANCE FOR STAFF

GIFT SHOP RECEPTION

LOBBY

HERITAGE COURT

ALTERNATIVE ENTRANCE

BUBBLE DIAGRAM MAIN ENTRANCE 126

SUMMARY STRENGTHS: - Location is within a neighborhood. Not isolated - Incorporates the Canadian Ravine system in the design. This help the healing process and also creates a positive environment. - Glass facade floods the interior with day light creating a positive healing environment. Also makes visible the distant green scenery WEAKNESSES: - No solid design concept. - Not many healing facilities included. - No prominent interior gathering community space. - No semi-open or semi private spaces.

127

EXTERIOR IMAGES The scale of the building is visually reduced by dividing the structure into two connected sections: an eight-story patient tower and a three-story therapeutic gymnasium and pool. The building can be viewed from all sides there is no back

128

SPAULDING HOSPITAL / PERKINS+WILL ARCHITECTS: PERKINS+WILL LOCATION: CHARLESTOWN, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, UNITED STATES CONSTRUCTION MANAGER: WALSH BROTHERS INCORPORATED AREA: 378,367 SQFT YEAR: 2013

Located on a remediated brownfield parcel in the Charlestown Navy Yard, the building is a new gathering place for the community. Dedicating 75% of the first floor to public use and integrating with the Boston Harbor Walk. Once part of a timber receiving basin, the landscape design incorporates reclaimed timbers throughout the site and takes full advantage of waterfront views of the Boston skyline . Every aspect of the building design has been considered â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the entry is at street level; the reception desk is low and rounded; the patient rooms have custom cabinetry and automated shades, patient lifts, private bathrooms, and amenities such as private refrigerators, sleeping accommodations for family members and a wireless connection for patients and guests. The building program includes outpatient services, a pool for aqua therapy, two large gymnasiums, an activitiesof-daily-living suite, transitional patient apartment, and satellite gyms embedded on two inpatient floors

INTERIOR IMAGES Glass curtain wall is generously integrated into the design creating transparency and an abundance of natural light throughout the interior resulting in an atmosphere that is open and inviting.

129

HEALING ENVIRONMENTS A- The facility is surrounded by water which creates an excellent Healing Environment B- Green roof to create green spaces. C- Integration of the Harbor Walk and used as a therapy garden D- Glazing and skylights for natural light to enter the facility E- Direct view of the lake from the inpatient rooms

130

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

SITE PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN

SECTION

131

132

SITE The facility is located within a built environment. The site takes complete advantage of the water body. This is an advantage as water creates excellent healing environments

Built-land

Site

133

CONCEPT A trail running along the waterfront features therapeutic equipment and offers patients the opportunity to encourage the healing process by performing physical therapy on a variety of different landscaped surfaces. The aesthetics of the structure is tied to the naval yard history because the site is connected to the same. The building has no â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;backâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Can be viewed from all sides and can be accessed from all sides. The building is broken down into 2 parts- Patient tower and Therapeutic center

Water feature Harbor Walk

Integrates harbor walk into the design

135

GEOMETRY

137

ZONING

75% is of public use. This is done to integrate the surrounding community participation into the design Water feature Harbor Walk

139

CIRCULATION

141

GROUND FLOOR PLAN: ROOM ANALYSIS

Seating Area Waiting Area Conference Rooms Billing Changing Rooms Swimming Pool Toilets Reception

Entrances

Entrances Entrances

The area entrances from all the sides of the building. The building is surrounded with a lot of greenery and a huge water body.

143

CIRCULATION

145

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN: ROOM ANALYSIS

Doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rooms Maintenance Rooms Vertical Circulation Indoor Gathering Space Therapeutic Terrace

147

SECTION

HVAC equipment Patient Tower Therapeutic Tower Parking Water Body HVAC equipment is placed on the roof in response to climate change and probable rise in sea level.

149

DETAIL SECTION ANALYSIS

operable windows for natural light

green roof for low heat island effect

terrace gardens

skylights

atriums to connect different levels and is a element of sustainable design

The facility incorporates sustainable design. The structure is energy efficient.

151

INPATEINT

ATRIUM

NURSES STATION

ATRIUM

NURSES STATION

LIFTS

ATRIUM

INPATIENT TYPICAL FLOOR

WAITING AREA

CONFERENCE ROOMS

RECEPTION

SWIMMING POOL

ENTRANCES

HARBOR WALK

GROUND FLOOR

BUBBLE DIAGRAM 152

SUMMARY STRENGTHS: - Combines existing tower for therapeutic use. - Division of the patient tower and the therapeutic tower. - Sustainable design features. WEAKNESSES: - The atmosphere is that of a generic hospital. - Not many open spaces. - Does not invite/encourage public into the structure.

153

EXTERIOR IMAGES Full height glazing along the central space connecting the various different internal elements of the building ensures an almost seamless continuity between interior and exterior. The meandering facade in the restaurant results in a building in between trees and invites the forest inside the building. The surrounding nature has a strong visual and tangible presence everywhere in the building; it allows the user to revalidate whilst walking.

154

REHABILITATION CENTRE GROOT KLIMMENDAAL ARCHITECTS: ARCHITECTENBUREAU KOEN VAN VELSEN BV LOCATION: THE NETHERLANDS PROJECT AREA: 14,000 SQM PROJECT YEAR: 2011

Revalidation center ‘Groot Klimmendaal’ radiates self-confidence and self-control. The welcoming and open environment offers a natural habitat for care but at the same time allows plenty of opportunity for other activities. The building is the result of an intensive collaboration between architect Koen van Velsen and the users of the building. For example, a shallow timber staircase runs the full internal height of the building and is typical for the new integral way of working. It facilitates a direct route between the different floors but also enables a variety of alternative routes roaming the building and thus forms an invitation to undertake physical exercise. Revalidation center “Groot Klimmendaal’ is a coming together of both complexity and simplicity with attention for physical, practical and social details. Transparency, continuity, layering, diversity, the play of light and shadow and the experience of nature are all ingredients of this stimulating environment.

INTERIOR IMAGES A combination of large and small voids and light wells ensure a spatial connection between different levels and allow natural daylight deep in the heart of the 30metres wide building. Interplay of striking but subtle colors and direct and indirect (artificial) lighting enlivens the interior.

155

STAND-OUT FEATURES A- Raised front facade B- Raised slabs to reduce foot print C- Interesting interior spaces with light wells and atriums

HEALING ENVIRONMENTS A- Unique connections exterior environment

with

the

B- Extreme greenery around the facility and facility blends into the environment

156

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

SECTION

WEST ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

157

158

SITE The facility is located within an extremely green environment. It is a part of the community and the building is design in a way to blend in with the environment

Built-land

Site

Connecting Roads

159

CONCEPT Located in dense wooden area. Project aims to blend in within its surrounding to create a sense of peace, harmony and relaxation. The project is a part of a master plan Nature is a strong aspect of the project and aims to bring the natural environment inside to the patient that occupies the Rehabilitation Center. Healthcare concept is based on the idea that positive and stimulating environment increases the wellbeing of the patient. The idea was not to create a healthcare looking building but to create a building that is a part of the surrounding

Rehabilitation Center Existing Building

161

GEOMETRY

The building is designed using ‘sleek’ rectangles that are cantilevered.

163

CIRCULATION

Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation

165

LEVEL 0: ROOM ANALYSIS

light passes through the entire building

Vertical Circulation Theater Swimming Pool Gym Glazed facade entrance level results in abundance of natural light and transparency. This clears the boundary between interior and exterior. The facilities on the ground floor are of Public/Community use. They are easily accessible which promotes an inviting environment for the neighborhood.

167

LEVEL -1: CIRCULATION

Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation

169

LEVEL -1: ROOM ANALYSIS

Administration Vertical Circulation

The basement contains the Administration offices. They have direct access from outside, separated entrance, because of this level is completely segregated from rest of the facility. The raised front facade also allows maximum natural light to enter this zone.

171

LEVEL 1: CIRCULATION

Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation

173

LEVEL 1 ROOM ANALYSIS

double ceiling height for ground floor

Vertical Circulation Skylight Fitness Room

The foot print of this level is almost 50% The light wells brings in abundance of natural light even to the most interior parts of the building.

175

LEVEL 2: CIRCULATION

light wells open to below

Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation

177

LEVEL 2 ROOM ANALYSIS

open to below

Doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rooms Maintenance Rooms Massage Rooms Vertical Circulation Skylight Gym All the major rooms are located next to the exterior glazing or skylight. This is so as to make the design as sustainable as possible and also to let as much as possible natural light into the building to promote a healthy environment.

179

SECTION CONCEPT ANALYSIS

LIGHT WELLS

LIGHT WELLS CONTAIN PLANTS AND TREES

RELATION BETWEEN VERTICAL CIRCULATION AND LIGHT WELLS

CONTINUOUS STAIRCASE ENABLES VISUAL ROTATION FROM VALLEY TO ROOF TOP GARDEN

MINIMUM FOOTPRINT

181

SECTION ANALYSIS

green terraces

floating front facade supported on columns

Cantilevered slab

Vertical Circulation Light Wells

183

RONALD MCDONALD HOUSE

INPATIENT ROOMS

DOCTORâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S OFFICES

THERAPY ACTIVITIES

PUBLIC ACCESS ACTIVITIES

entrance

ADMINISTRATION entrance

VERTICAL BUBBLE DIAGRAM 184

SUMMARY STRENGTHS: - Ground floor has gym, theater, swimming pool that can be accessed by the public. This creates an inviting atmosphere - Extensive relation between different levels for visual contact. - Atmosphere is not that of a generic hospital - Segregated administration offices by providing separate entrance. WEAKNESSES: - Lacks a communal gathering space - Doesnot have a open plan

185

CHAPTER 7: PROGRAMMING AND SPACIAL ANALYSIS

187

The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely as the absence of disease or infirmity. First and foremost objective is to help disabled veterans resume normal life. This is done by providing a framework that offers not only medical treatment but also social support and integration. The aim of the program is to connect the Residential Zone to the Community Park. This has been achieved through the Sports Zone and the Society and Community Zone. Through these two zones the soldiers and the civil community will be able to interact with each other and build a strong relationship in terms of understanding each other.

Patient Circulation Public Circulation Service Circulation (dotted) Private Zones Public Zones Community Park

188

SPACIAL ARRANGEMENT DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED FACILITY

separated entrance

SPORTS swimming pool, sports hall, gym

SUPPORT & SERVICES administration cleaning staff

REHABILITATION physiotherapy, massage therapy, doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rooms

SOCIETY & COMMUNITY workshops, classrooms, library RESIDENTIAL living units, restaurant, family rooms HEALING GARDEN

security

separated entrance

COMMUNITY PARK

189

D- SHOOTING RANGE In a facility designed for soldiers shooting range is almost impossible to go without. This is intended as a leisure activity.

E- SWIMMING POOL The facility will have a swimming pool intended for soldiers and their family. This for promoting physical activity in the rehabilitation center

F- FITNESS ROOMS These rooms are for soldier to do their regular exercise along with physical trainers. Here, soldiers will do exercises that are a part of their treatment.

G- SPORTS HALL The Sports Hall will have basketball court, tennis, volleyball. and so on to create physical activities for the patients. This will be open for public use in order to encourage community participation.

H- BICYCLE TRACK The Bicycle Track in addition to a leisure activity, will be used as a mode of transport around the facility. It will be a public track to attract the community into the facility

I- MEDITATION ROOM Meditation is known to provide peace to the mind. It revitalizes the body and the mind. These rooms will also be of public use so that the civilian and the soldiers find the opportunity to synchronize their mind.

J- PLACE OF WORSHIP This room is important because many people turn to a higher power when the feel weak and lost. This room will provide guidance to those who are lost and are looking for answers.

190

MAJOR PROJECT ELEMENTS Massage Therapy Room -A Aqua Therapy Pool -B Acupuncture Therapy Room -C Shooting Range -D Swimming Pool -E Fitness Room -F Sports Hall -G Bicycle Track -H Meditation Room -I Places of worship -J Library -K Arts/Music Studio -L Workshops (Wood Work, Bakery, Classrooms) -M

A- MASSAGE THERAPY ROOMS This room is to unwind and relax. Massage therapy is beneficial along with physical therapy. Its therapeutic properties help heal the body and calm the mind.

B- AQUA THERAPY POOLS Aqua therapy pool has a pool or tank of warm water that provides an ideal for exercise because its buoyancy counteracts gravity, thereby decreasing the weight placed on painful joints and the spine.

C- ACUPUNCTURE ROOM Acupuncture has therapeutic benefits including pain relief. It is now scientifically proven.

191

192

K- LIBRARY Reading is considered as one of the best leisure activities that calm the mind. This will also be of public use. It will create a positive environment by inviting children into the facility.

L- ARTS AND MUSIC STUDIO This studio will help the soldiers to connect with their artistic side. This will help them experience something that they did not in a very long time.

M- WORKSHOPS These will be teaching workshops where the soldiers can learn new skills or can teach other soldiers their own skills. This will also be for public use. It will encourage the civilians and the soldiers to learn from each other

193

PROGRAM

The following is the detailed program of the proposed facility. The program is divided based the 5 zones (Rehabilitation, Sports, Society and Community, Support services and Residential Units) The facility will be able to ideally serve 200 patients.

REHABILITATION This will be the ‘Medical Zone’ of the facility. It will contain the treatment rooms and therapy rooms.

AREA/room (m2)

TOTAL AREA (m2)

Reception

Waiting Area

ROOM

NUMBER OF ROOMS

Physical Therapy Room

Occupational Therapy Room

Speech Therapy Room

Psychotherapy Room

Multi-Purpose Therapy Room (Alcohol Abuse/Drug Abuse)

Massage Therapy Room

Acupuncture Therapy Room

Aqua-Therapy Room

Fitness Room

Doctor’s Consultation Room

Doctor’s Examination Room

Nurses Station

6 (for 4 nurses)

Doctor’s Lounge

Nurses Lounge

Sample Room

Pharmacy

Storage

Toilets

294 m2

194

SPORTS This will contain all the sport activities in the facility and will be open to the public

ROOM

NUMBER OF ROOMS

AREA/room (m2)

TOTAL AREA (m2)

Reception

Shooting Range

60 (5 lanes)

Swimming Pool

375

Sports Hall

950

Sauna

40 (6-8 people)

Meditation Room

1455 m2

SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY These will contain facilities that will provide opportunity for the soldier and the civil community to learn from one another.

NUMBER OF ROOMS

AREA/room (m2)

TOTAL AREA (m2)

Multi-Purpose Hall

200

Arts/Music Studio

Workshops (woodwork, bakery, classrooms)

Library

Places of Worship

Cafe

ROOM

450 m2

195

RESIDENTIAL UNITS This will contain the residential rooms for the patients. Since there will be a majority of international soldiers, there will also be provision for family rooms in the proposed facility

NUMBER OF ROOMS

AREA/room (m2)

TOTAL AREA (m2)

Family Rooms

2000

Single Rooms

750

Shared Rooms

1000

Grocery

Laundry Provision

Meal Provision

150

Lounge

ROOM

4015 m2

SUPPORT AND SERVICES NUMBER OF ROOMS

AREA/room (m2)

TOTAL AREA (m2)

Administration Offices

Retail Shops

ROOM

Child Care Facilities

Janitorial

Security

180 m2 OTHER FACILITIES AREA/room (m2)

TOTAL AREA (m2)

Healing/Therapy Gardens

1500

Bicycle Track

ROOM

NUMBER OF ROOMS

1500 m2

THE TOTAL AREA IS 6394 m2 196

COMPARISON OF AREA ACCORDING TO ZONE The chart on the right shows the comparison of different zones in terms of AREA

A- REHABILITATION B- SPORTS C- SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY D- RESIDENTIAL UNITS E- SUPPORT AND SERVICES F- HEALING GARDEN Maximum area is required by the Residential units and the Healing Gardens. The minimum area is required by Support and Services and Rehabilitation.

Private Zones Public Zones Healing Garden

197

Reception Waiting Area Physical Therapy Room Occupational Therapy Room Speech Therapy Room Psychotherapy Multi-Purpose Therapy Room Massage Therapy Room Aqua Therapy Pool Acupuncture Therapy Room Doctor's Consultation Room Doctor's Examination Room Nurses Station Doctors Lounge Nurses Lounge Sample Room Pharmacy Shooting Range Swimming pool Fitness Room Sports Hall (Single Hall) Sauna Meditation Room Places of worship Multipurpose hall Library Café Arts/Music Studio Workshop Inpatient room Grocery Laundry Provision Meal Provision Lounge Child Care Center Retail Shops Administration Offices Janitorial Healing/Therapy Gardens

198

Shooting Range

Pharmacy

Sample Room

Nurses Lounge

Doctors Lounge

Nurses Station

Doctor's Examination Room

Doctor's Consultation Room

Acupuncture Therapy Room

Aqua Therapy Pool

Massage Therapy Room

Multi-Purpose Therapy Room

Psychotherapy

Speech Therapy Room

Waiting Area

Reception

Desirable

Occupational Therapy Room

Essential

Physical Therapy Room

INTERACTION MATRIX

199

Healing/Therapy Gardens

Janitorial

Administration Offices

Retail Shops

Child Care Center

Lounge

Meal Provision

Laundry Provision

Grocery

Inpatient room

Workshops

Arts/Music Studio

CafĂŠ

Library

Multipurpose hall

Places of worship

Meditation Room

Sauna

Sports Hall (Single Hall)

Fitness Room

Swimming pool

CHAPTER 8: SITE CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS

201

202

CITY The city of Dubai is the proposed city for this project. Dubai is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is one of the seven emirates that make up the U.A.E.. Today, Dubai has emerged as a global city and business hub of the Persian Gulf region. “The emirate’s Western-style model of business drives its economy with the main revenues now coming from tourism, aviation, real estate, and financial services.”28 Dubai has recently attracted world attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events. The city has become symbolic for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the world’s tallest building, the Burj Khalifa. It has also recently won the bid for the World Expo 2020 and because of this the city has been able to grab more attention towards itself. “The Expo 2020 Dubai is expected to attract 25 million visits, 70 per cent of which will be from overseas. This will be the first Expo in which the majority of visitors stem from beyond a nation’s borders.”29

70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

INDIA

PAKISTAN

U.A.E.

PHILIPPINES

IRAN

CHINA

BANGLADESH

EGYPT

SRI LANKA

OTHER (ARABS)

WESTERNERS

AFRICAN/ASIAN

OTHER

Dubai’s World Expo is held under the theme of “Connecting Minds, Creating the Future”. This is truly what this city stands for. “Dubai is one of the cities with the highest expat penetration, having been a hub for around 160 different nationalities”30. It has been able to be the home for several different nationalities without any internal conflict. It is a city that has been able to fulfill the diverse needs of everyone without hurting any other community. This is the main reason why I would like to propose Dubai to build my facility. The proposed facility is intended for soldiers for all around the world that work for peace. A facility with such high global intent required a ‘global city’ like Dubai to cater its needs.

28 29 30

“Vizitbaby.” Vizitbaby. Accessed November 15, 2014. “expo2020dubai”.expo2020.Accessed November 1, 2014. “Vizitbaby.” Vizitbaby. Accessed November 15, 2014.

203

SITE OPTIONS

204

These are the three potential sites Option 1: Mushrif Park Option 2: Wild life Sanctuary Option 3: Dubai Race Course These sites are almost equidistant from each other and are spread out over Dubai.

205

206

ANALYSIS OF SITE OPTIONS

PICTURES OF SITE

A- OPTION 1 B- OPTION 2 C- OPTION 3

207

CLOSE TO A NEIGHBORHOOD Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether there is a neighborhood community close by (residential).

OPTION 1 The closest neighborhood is within 1 km radius

OPTION 2 The closest neighborhood is within 3 km radius

OPTION 3 The closest neighborhood is within 1.5 km radius

208

EXISTING NATURAL ELEMENT Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether there is a natural element such as a park, pond, lake existing in the near by surrounding.

OPTION 1 The site is located right next to a Park.

OPTION 2 The site is located next to a wild life sanctuary. Therefore, is surrounded by lot of water and greenery

OPTION 3 It is surrounded by no natural element that can be used as an advantage for design.

209

CLOSE TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether the site is close to the local (Emarati) community.

OPTION 1 The closest Emarati neighborhood is within 1 km radius

OPTION 2 The closest neighborhood is more than 3 km radius

OPTION 3 The closest neighborhood is within 1.5 km radius

210

ATTRACTIVE EXISTING FACILITY Below is the analysis of the potential sites showing the existing attractive facilities around the site

OPTION 1 B

A- Mirdiff City Center B- Animal Hospital

B A

OPTION 2 Golf Club -A Festival City -B

OPTION 3 A

A- Dubai Race Course B- Dubai Golf Course C- Beach

211

QUIET SURROUNDINGS Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether the surrounding is noisy (surrounded by a busy road, entrance is on the main road) or quiet.

OPTION 1 The site is surrounded by 3 noisy roads. However, because the site is surrounded by dense natural flora, the site is potentially peaceful

OPTION 2 Located next to industrial area therefore loud noise pollution. The site is surrounded by medium natural fauna which cancels some of the industrial noise

OPTION 3 Surrounded by a few busy roads that will produce noise.

212

ACCESSIBLE BY PUBLIC- PEDESTRIAN Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether the site is accessible by pedestrians.

OPTION 1 The site is surrounded by neighborhoods and is located next to a park therefore is easily accessible by pedestrians

OPTION 2 The site is not easily accessible to the pedestrians because the site is secluded from its surrounding (because of the wild life sanctuary)

OPTION 3 This site is also easily accessible to pedestrians (due to the close by neighborhood)

213

ACCESSIBLE BY PUBLIC- ROAD Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether the site is accessible by cars (accessible by the main road)

OPTION 1 The site can be accessed easily by Emirates Road

OPTION 2 The site does not have a very direct access to main road (AL KHAIL road). However it is connected to this main highway

OPTION 3 The site can be accessed through Al KHAIL road via Hessa Street.

214

ACCESSIBLE BY PUBLIC- PUBLIC TRANSPORT Below is the analysis of the potential sites based on whether there is public transport easily available to the site.

OPTION 1 The site is not connected to the metro. However taxi is easily available in the area because of the Mall. There are also many bus stops in the region.

OPTION 2 The accessibility of public transport to the site is very low.

OPTION 3 This site is also not connected to the metro. However, a taxi is readily available.

215

0 OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3

The chart on the left compares the result of each criteria for all the three sites. The above chart ares the compiled final result for the three potential sites.

216

SUMMARY The table below are compiled statistics of the site option analysis According to the result Option 1 is the most favored site by a large margin. It is better than the other two in almost all the criteria except a few. For these solutions will be proposed and integrated with the design of the facility.

OPTION 1

OPTION 2

OPTION 3

A- Close to Neighborhood

B- Existing Natural Element

C- Close to Local Community (Emarati)

D- Quiet

E- Attractive Existing Facility

F- Accessible by Pedestrian

G- Accessible by Road

H- Accessible by Public Transport

TOTAL

H G F E D C B A 0

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3

217

DETAILED SITE ANALYSIS

218

The proposed site for this project is a plot on Mushif Park. The site is extremely green and wooded with slight variations in topography that create interest. The site has have strong connections to the close by community. It is accessed by residents of several different nationalities. The crowd that visits this area comprise of mainly families. Therefore, the site is visited by children and adults. The site is centrally located and is very well connected by roads and highways to the main city of Dubai. Currently a lot of local â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Emaratiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; residents are shifting to this area. This is because the government is allocating near by plots to the locals. This means that this area will be further developed in the near future.

219

LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

The site is accessible easily by road. It is linked to the main highway ‘Sheikh Mohammad Bin Zayed Road’ which connects it to the central city center. The drive by road to the central city is approximately 20 minutes. The site is not directly connected to the metro. The closest metro station is located at ‘Al Rashidiya’ from where taxis are easily available to the proposed site. The site is also located close to the ‘Dubai International Airport’. This will be of great advantage as the facility is intended for soldiers from different countries and most of the patients (about 95%) will be from international countries.

INTERNAL ROAD HIGHWAY - ‘SHEIKH MOHAMMAD BIN ZAYED ROAD’ A- MUSHRIF PARK B- DUBAI SAFARI PARK C- DESERT PALM POLO CLUB D- DUBAI MUNICIPALITY VETERINARY SECTION E- MIRDIF CITY CENTER F- METRO STATION G- DUBAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

220

restricted area

site

concentrated activities of the park

C 221

SURROUNDINGS

222

restricted area

site

J D

E G I F

223

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2003

2010

2005

2008

224

2011

2012

2014

Over the last 10 years Dubai has seen great economic growth. Structures were constructed over night. Around the site same development can be seen. Some of the observations are: The residential villas are gradually building and this area is getting denser. In 2008 Dubai International Airport had expanded. Mushrif Park is also getting greener and denser. Also, more small parks were built.

225

ZONING

Residential Commercial Parks Recreational Other Services Industrial

226

SITE

227

NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS CLIMATE Chart below shows mean annual rainfall for Dubai over the past 30 years 25 20 15 10 5

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

Chart below shows mean annual temperature for Dubai over the past 30 years

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

Maximum Temperature

228

Minimum Temperature

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

SUN PATH

Wind Diagram showing distribution in Percentage

229

TOPOGRAPHY The site has slight variations in topography. These can be used to create interesting spaces in design. The diagram on the left shows the topography map of the site. The images below are the photographs of topography levels taken on site

230

0 - 1000mm 1000 - 2000mm 2000 - 3000mm 3000 - 4000mm 4000 - 5000mm 5000 - 6000mm 6000 - 7000mm 7000 - 8000mm 8000 - 9000mm 9000 - 10000mm 10000 - 11000mm 11000 - 12000mm 12000 - 13000mm 13000 - 14000mm 14000 - 15000mm

231

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The Mushrif Park has many different social activities available. This makes this park a very popular location for the neighborhood. There are activities available for both adults as well as children. It also serves as a popular spot for barbecue. The Park offers the following activities: A- Train Station B- Play Center C- Barbecue and Picnic Areas D- Restaurants and Cafe E- Swimming Pool F- Nursery G- Camel and Pony Ride H- Sports Field I- Park Stage (for occasional performance) Besides the park there are also other social activities near the site. A popular attraction for shopping is the Mirdif City Center. Another attraction is the Dubai Polo Club and also several other clubs The plan on the left depicts the social activities around the site.

232

Bicycle Track

233

LOCATION OF FACILITY ON SITE

CONNECTION TO THE MAIN ROAD

PROPOSED LOCATION OF FACILITY

Main Road Proposed Facility Existing Park

234

The proposed location for the facility is in the center of the site. This is shown in the diagram on the left. The space between the facility and the main road will create the necessary buffer zone from the surrounding. The spatial arrangement is derived from the bubble diagram study done previously. The public spaces such as the ‘Society and Community’ and ‘Sports’ are located closer to the main road for easy public access. The private and treatment spaces such as ‘Residential Units’ and ‘Rehabilitation’ are located away from the main road for a more quite setting. The spaces of the facility are arranged to create a ‘hugging’ effect towards the existing park. This creates a more welcoming environment, inviting the local community members into the facility.

SPACE AND SITE CORRELATION MAIN ROAD

REHABILITATION

SUPPORT AND SERVICES

SPORTS

RESIDENTIAL UNITS SOCIETY AND COMMUNITY HEALING GARDEN

Cycling Track

EXISTING PARK

235

CHAPTER 9: DESIGN APPROACH 237

The above 3D physical model shows the height requirements of different zones. The Sports has the greatest height requirement. The residential is also high as compared to the other zones. The Model also shows the various areas required by different zones. The largest area is required by the Residential zone. This model gives an understanding of the proportions of various zones.

TOP VIEW

238

STUDY OF THE BUBBLE DIAGRAM The design will primarily be based on the concept of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Form follows Functionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. In order to apply this approach successfully the study of the matrix bubble diagram is necessary. All of my design concepts will be based primarily on the below bubble diagram. They will use this as a template to guide the form of the building. Through this approach I will be able to achieve a form that will be guided by the function of the space and will create a more functional space.

Above diagram is a template created after positioning the matrix bubble diagram on site and adjusting according to the site requirement. The final result is a mirror image of the previous bubble diagram.

239

DESIGN SKETCHES The concept started with the basic template derived from the Matrix Bubble Diagram

An offset of the overlapping area of the solid form with the healing garden is subtracted

HEALING GARDEN

The edges of the form are sharpened to give the idea of the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s topography.

underpass

green roofs cantilevers

HEALING GARDEN

240

In a similar way different offset layers are created to create interesting levels and cantilevers.

DESIGN CONCEPTS CONCEPT- A This concept is inspired by the topography of the site. It is an abstracted form of the same. This concept represents the topography of the site through clean straight edges.

CONCEPT SKETCH

STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL MODEL

Cantilever

Tunnel to pass through

accessible terraces

241

DESIGN SKETCHES

The concept started with the basic template derived from the Matrix Bubble Diagram

In this sketch all the pebbles are laid out on the above template to get the proper number of pebbles to work with.

common area

Final concept sketch showing the common areas and circulation created by the form

The pebbles carved out of clay are placed on the sketch

242

Sketch of pebbles stacked on top of each other to create interesting spaces.

CONCEPT SKETCH

CONCEPT- B This concept is inspired by pebbles. Pebbles are used for healing in many therapies. They are used for aesthetics in homes. This is because of their smooth rounded appearance. They create harmonious forms that when seen calm the mind. When pebbles are stacked interesting spaces of solid and void are created. For the concept each pebble is treated as a module. These modules are then played around with in order to create interesting forms of solid and void.

STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL MODEL

cantilevers

common areas 243

DESIGN SKETCHES

The concept started with the basic template derived from the Matrix Bubble Diagram

Rocks are arranged by the guidance of the template. Interesting solid and void spaces are created.

Physical 3D model

common area

concept sketch to study the circulation created by the form 244

CONCEPT SKETCH

CONCEPT- C This concept is inspired by rocks. Rocks are similar to pebbles. However, they are harsh. They have a massive scale and create a shield to the opposite side. Rocks are perfect metaphors for the soldiers. Soldiers also just like these strong rocks create a shield. Rocks also inspire very interesting architectural forms. They create excellent solid and void spaces.

E connecting two water features

quiet garden

filtered light

shaded pathway

SECTION STUDYING THE HEALING ENVIRONMENT produce healing water sounds

STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL MODEL

245

DESIGN SKETCHES

The concept started with the basic template derived from the Matrix Bubble Diagram

3D physical model created by playing with strips of paper to create interesting forms

246

CONCEPT SKETCH

CONCEPT- D This concept is inspired by waves. The waves are famous for their calming effect. Waves are used to represent water, sound, sand dunes. The waves are used in this concept for two reasons; First, soft waves represent harmony. The forms created will create a harmonizing effect for the patients as well as the visitor. Second, these waves also represent the topography of the site. They form will blend in with the site.

STUDY OF PHYSICAL MODEL

247

DESIGN SKETCHES

The concept started with the basic template derived from the Matrix Bubble Diagram

rehabilitation

use of the olive branch motif in a literal form. The branch is guided by the above template

sports support and services

residential

society and community

evolution of the previous sketch

model showing the abstracted form of the sketch

248

evolution of the previous sketch. Yellow showing the level below and orange showing the level above.

CONCEPT SKETCH

CONCEPT- E This concept is inspired from olive branch. Olive branches are used as a symbol of peace and unity since ancient geek times. The use of this olive branch is also in the logo of U.N. Peacekeeping. This is where I was inspired from. The abstracted use of this branch in order to create unique and interesting architecture that symbolises peace.

STUDY OF PHYSICAL MODEL raised solid space to create void underneath for

raised ramps

249

BIBLIOGRAPHY “Body Powered Harness Motion.” Design of a Human Hand Prosthesis. 2012. www.wpi. edu/Pubs/.../MQP_PaulV_Complete_Final_3.pdf. “Car bomb kills 6 U.N. soldiers.” Reuters. 2007. http://www.reuters.com/ article/2007/06/24/us-lebanon-unifil-blast-idUSL2473539920070624. “Children’s Rights Day Celebrations.” Unlimited Media. 2011. www.unmultimedia.org/s/ photo/detail/501/0501566.html. “Cyber Hand.” Metro. 2012. http://www.metro.co.uk. “Dubai.” Global Conferences. 2014. www.global-conferences.eu/dubai. “Dunstable swimming Pools.” n.d. www.dunstableswimmingpools.co.uk. “Ekso Bionics.” Robotics Business Review. 2005. http://www.roboticsbusinessreview. com/company/ekso_bionics. “Ending Violence Against Women.” UN Women Australia. n.d. https://unwomen.org.au/ focus-areas/ending-violence-against-women. “Falling Water.” ArchDaily. 2010. www.archdaily.com. “Fijian Peacekeepers.” UN Tribune. 2014. peacekeeping Archives. untribune.com/tag/ peacekeeping “German Soldiers.” The Guardian. 2011. www.theguardian.com. “Healing Garden.” Country Club Village. 2014. http://countryclubvillage.org/blog/. “Joe Kapacziewski.” Patdollard. 2013. Military. patdollard.com. “Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre.” ArchDaily. 2010. www.archdaily.com. “New North Zealand Hospital.” Archiscene. 2014. Mollar Architects. www.archiscene. net. “oak ridge gun range.” Gulf Breeze Indoor gun range. n.d. www.oakridgegunrangegb. com. “Paralympic sprinter.” Wikimedia. 2009. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Flickr_-_The_U.S._Army_-_U.S._Army_World_Class_Athlete_Program_Paralympic. jpg. “Prolotherapy stimulates patient’s damage tissue to heal itself.” Gulf News. 2013. http://gulfnews.com/life-style/health/prolotherapy-stimulates-patient-sdamaged-tissue-to-heal-itself-1.1202261. “Prosthetic toe.” Wikimedia Commons. 2014. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Prosthetic_toe.jpg. “PTSD.” Crisis Prevention. 2014. www.crisisprevention.com. “Rashid Hospital.” Dubai Health Authority. 2010. http://www.dha.gov.ae. “Responsibility to Protect.” ICRtoP Blog. 2014. icrtopblog.org. “Rocks.” Dolese. n.d. Home. www.dolese.com/. “Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.” Global - Perkins+Will. 2013. www.perkinswill. 250

“St. John’s Rehab.” ArchDaily. 2014. www.archdaily.com. “Treatment.” Advance Therapy Solutions. n.d. http://www.advancetherapysolutions. com.au/. “Troop and Police Contributors.” United Nations Organisation. n.d. www.un.org. “Walter Reed National Military medical Care Healing Garden.” HOK. 2011. http://hok. com. “War: A Personal Connection.” Student Art Guide. 2014. www.studentartguide.com/ featured/war-theme-a-level-art. “waves.” Extant Acoustical Consulting. n.d. www.extantacoustical.com/. “World War Two drawings.” Brown University. 2010. blogs.brown.edu/askb/.../world-wartwo-drawings-acquired. “Wounded Warriors.” Defence. 2007. www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=2856. “WW1.” Pinterest. n.d. WW1. https://www.pinterest.com/motomu/wwi/. “A Defence and National Rehabilitation Centre.” January 1, 2011. Accessed September 17, 2014. “expo2020dubai”.expo2020.Accessed November 1, 2014. “Healing Environments.” Wikipedia. October 24, 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014. “Military.” Home. January 1, 2014. Accessed September 21, 2014. “Prosthesis.” Wikipedia. July 19, 20142. Accessed September 17, 2014. “Rashid Hospital Sets up Prosthetics Centre.” - Khaleej Times. October 22, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2014. “Revolutionizing Prosthetics.” Revolutionizing Prosthetics. January 1, 2014. Accessed September 17, 2014. “United Nations Peacekeeping.” UN News Center. Accessed October 25, 2014. “Vizitbaby.” Vizitbaby. Accessed November 15, 2014. “We Shape a Better World.” Home. Accessed October 15, 2014. Brown, David. “Amputations and Genital Injuries Increase Sharply among Soldiers in Afghanistan.” Washington Post. March 5, 2011. Accessed September 16, 2014. De wit, Rene. “Rehabilitation Centre Groot Klimmendaal / Koen van Velsen.”ArchDaily. 2014. http://www.archdaily.com. Geron, Amit. “Beit Halochem Rehabilitation Center, Be’er Sheva.” ArchDaily. 2011. http://www.archdaily.com/tag/beer-sheva/. Langley, William. “What Is Life Really like for the Soldier of 2012?” The Telegraph. June 19, 2012. Accessed September 16, 2014.

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Pollak, Peter, and Carolyn Rogers. “A Brief Background of Combat Injuries.” April 1, 2007. Accessed September 17, 2014. Preceliq. “soldier fallen.” www.deviantart.com. 2010. http://preceleq320.deviantart. com/art/Soldier-fallen-150716274. Ruiz, Ramona. “National Service for Emirati Men Becomes Law.” The National. June 7, 2014. Accessed September 10, 2014. Salisbury, David. “Robotic Advances Promise Artificial Legs That Emulate Healthy Limbs.” Vanderbilt Research. November 7, 2013. Accessed September 17, 2014. Tabert, Casey. “Restore.” January 1, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2014. Tanielian, Terri. “Invisible Wounds of War.” January 1, 2008. Accessed September 17, 2014. U.N.Peacekeeping. “deployment of a united nation peacekeeper.” Epacha.org. 2011. www.epacha.org/Pages/UN_Peacekeepers_2011.aspx. UNBConnect. “United Nations Peacekeeping.” Bangladesh Chronicle. 2014. http://www. bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2014/03/140-policemen-join-un-peacekeepingmission-in-south-sudan/. Wadell, Gordon. “Concepts of Rehabilitation for the Management of Common Health Problems.” January 1, 2004. Accessed September 17, 2014.

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253

APPENDICES Zone Regulations for site option 3 Location: Mushrif Park Plot no: 2520100

254

‫إدارة اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷرﯾﻌﺎت اﻟﺗﺧطﯾطﯾﺔ‬

Zone Regulations for plot: 2520100 Community

MUSHRAIF - 252

Area

7661198.96 SQ. METERS

Height

PARK3

Ground Only

Parking

PARK3

Parking for each 1000 sq.f of Park total area

Remarks

PARK3

Unidentified

Setback

PARK3

Landuse

PARK3

Public Park

Exception Details Frozen By Partial Frozen Details Fully Frozen Details

255