Zhang Chaoding | Landscape Architecture Portfolio by Chaoding.Zhang

PORTFOLIO OF

CHAODING ZHANG for the application to MLA Landscape Architecture UCL

PERSONAL INFORMATION Name： Birthday： Tel： E-mail：

Chaoding Zhang 1998.08.29 +86 13135804447 zhangchaoding2021@163.com

CONTENTS

EDUCATION BACKGROUND Wuhan Textile University (Birmingham Institute of Fashion and Creative Arts) Bachelor of Arts in Design (Environmental Design)

09/2018 – 06/2022

Birmingham City University Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Landscape Architecture

09/2018 – 06/2022

01 THE EXPLORATION FOR A HUMAN & ELEPHNAT UTOPIA Human-Elephant Coexistence Space in Sri Lanka

GPA: 82.37/100; Ranking: 6/96

DESIGN & AWARDS Design: AQUEOUS URBANISM 1.THIRD PRIZE ：Britain International Creative Competition (BICC) 2.BRONZE AWARD ：International Trend Cultural Design Competition (ITCD) 3.BRONZE AWARD ： Singapore Art Design Contest 2021 4.EXCELLENCE AWARD ： Exhibition of Architecture Design in Developing Countries 2020

Design: The Exploration for a Human & Elephnat Utopia 1.THIRD PRIZE ：IDEA-KING for Outstanding Design 2.BRONZE AWARD ： The 3rd Annual Art Award for International College Students

Building safe habitats for the South Africa Miners

VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE 10/2019 – 10/2020 03/2020 – 04/2020

INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE Hubei Yidu Xinyuan Seedling Co., LTD-Landscape Architect

Garden plant design and maintenance of different plants; Planning of private gardens;

07/2021 - 08/2021

Cooperated with the government to carry out ecological i lanning of wetland park.

Perfection Design Co., LTD (Shanghai)-Assistant Landscape Planner Participated in the design and compilation of the company's landscape gardens;

Completed the early planning of the scheme and strategy, and the later completion of the effect drawing.

INTERETS & SKILLS Hobbies: Sketch, Basketball, Photography, Movie Shooting, Guitar Skills: AUTOCAD, SKETCHUP, VARY, ADOBE PHOTOSHOP, LUMION, ADOBE INDESIGN

Exploration of Mycelium Materials in Architecture

03 MORE THAN JUST HOUSING

Design: MORE THAN JUST HOUSING 1.HONORABLE MENTIONS： Exhibition of Architecture Design in Developing Countries 2020

Wuhan Military Games - Volunteer of Golf Competition Hubei Yichang volunteer group fighting COVID - Community Volunteer

SUSTAINABILITY GROWTH ARCHITECTURE

06/2020 - 08/2020

AQUEOUS URBANISM Wuhan Huangxiao River Pollution Restoration

THE EXPLORATION FOR A HUMAN & ELEPHNAT UTOPIA

LAND DISPUTES OF THE HUMAN ELEPHANT

Human-Elephant Coexistence Space in Sri Lanka Site: Scale: Property: Year: Instructor:

Ampara, Sri Lanka 529,000 ㎡ Academic project， Individual project year 3 Vicky Cheng ccchengx@foxmail.com

The human-elephant land grab

Elephant Habitat

BACKGROUND： The density of elephants in Sri Lanka is the highest in the world. The human activity area overlaps with the elephant habitat by 60%. Human beings constantly expand their space to meet their development needs. This has broken and isolated the elephant habitat, elephants have to enter human areas to survive and find food, which intensifies human-elephant conflict.

Sri Lanka

Areas of overlap between humans and elephants.

44.7%

The site I chose is at the junction of a human village and an elephant habitat, where human-elephant conflict is more intense. Try to build a flexible corridor space between elephants and elephants to alleviate human-elephant conflict, to ensure the peaceful coexistence of elephants, link elephants with humans’ daily economic life, and explore the possibility of a new relationship between elephants and humans.

Major Moderate

Human areas

Minror None Forest/no people

CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CONFLICT

Forests

City

Junction

Ampara, Sri Lanka

Deforestation

Scarcity of habitat resources

Elephants heading to human areas

Human land expansion

Elephant habitat decline

Elephants in the City Campaign

Elephants invade the city

Cities change the habits of elephants

Human-elephant conflict intensifies

Vicious Circle CHANGES IN HUMAN& ELEPHANT POPULATIONS

ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SITE DATA 2004

2012

2021

Elephant population analysis

1969 2019

1,745-2,455 7,500

1900

HISTORICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELEPHANTS

Numbers

Years

1920

200,000 7,000-8,000

1960

Human-Elephant Conflict Fatality Data

Number of elephant deaths

Number of human deaths

34.1% Forest area coverage

14.4% Human use area

33.7% Forest area coverage

19.9% Human use area

33.1% Forest area coverage

22.2% Human use area

2015

Major

Moderate

HABITAT REQUIREMENTS FOR ELEPHANTS

SITE STATUS ANALYSIS

Bedtime：4h HABITATS

Analysis of forest status Capsicum annuum L.

Forest edge

Nature

Tropical Rainforest

& Subtropics rain forest

humans cutting down trees. Elephants are gradually becoming homeless. Citrus reticulata Blanco

Warm and humid climate Water Plenty of vegetation Not sunny

Activity time 8h

Water source Humans compete for water and seize fertile land.

Oryza sativa L.

Perception range

SITE

15 miles

Coffee Cherry

Farmland edge

Activity range

Farmland is too close to the forest, leading to elephants stealing crops.

Musa nana Lour.

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

Analysis of farmland status

Highly: 2.6-3.4 meters Weight: 3-7 tons

Semi-Natural

Pond

Nitpond

Dense vegetation

30 km

Current economic plantings

Disadvantages: current cash crops tend to attract elephants

La ndfill

Human elephant safe distance

Searching for food in human rubbish piles has led to illness and death of elephants.

Elephant Habitat Range

>>15m

Forests

Harm to elephants

Fertile land Source：

Human activity areas

Large calibre rifle Boit action firearm for high calibres

J.A., Wong, E.P., Lechner, A.M., Zulaikha, N., Zawawi, A., Abdul‐Patah, P., Saaban, S., Goossens, B.& Campos. Arceiz, A. There will be conflict – agricultural landscapes are prime, rather than marginal, habitats for elephants[J]. Animal conservation, 2021, 24(5): 720-732.

Direction of travel for elephants

Iron trap

Wooden base

WHY PROTECT ELEPHANTS?

416 calibre Actual size of the buffet

Big nails

Fruit Bomb

95.25mm

'The elephant is the king of the forest and carved out the ditches with his tusks, which led to the forest.' ——The Jungle Book Elephants remove shrubs and trees on savanna when they graze on plants, which is conducive to the growth of grass and provides more food and wider space for herbivores. When they move through the forest, they blaze new roads as passages for fire prevention and rainwater flow, providing passages for the survival of other organisms.

10.57mm

Resources needed for elephants

Elephant

200 kg/day

Medical

Habitat

Flat pavement

2 keepers

Human occupation of good land next to water sources

Human encroachment on elephant forest habitat

Human seizure of water

WHAT MAKES A HOME

INTERNAL ECONOMIC CYCLE

STRATEGY

Residential areas Farmland areas

Can humans economically cooperate with elephants? 1.The government rents villagers’ farmland and hires them to grow plants (anti-elephant forest & elephant food).

to ron

2.The beekeeping and tourism encourage more surrounding villagers to come to work through the economic expenses of tourists. 3.Through the elephant food source base, attract the surrounding elephants to gather, so as to attract global tourists and drive consumption. In the end, the purpose of making money while protecting is realized, and a win-win situation is realized.

dit

C ate

Cre

Restoration of wasteland

s ion

ite

s the

Elephant food farming

b ate e r C es zon

d Mid

elephant bee band

er u ff

ite

h of t

er int

act

ive

ate Cre s site a he t e r f a o ar Re

Human activity areas

anti-elephant forests

Human areas

Elephant Canteen

Construction of buffer strips： Multiple guards prevent elephants from entering farmland and villages.

Construction of the Elephant Canteen： Villagers plant suitable crops for elephants.

Construction of a human elephant tourism area: Additional economic resources for the operation of the site.

Forest area

Anti-elephant areas Elephant Corridor

Elephant Tourism Area

SITE ECONOMIC CYCLE DIAGRAM

FOOD SOURCE BASE - BEES - ELEPHANTS HUMAN REGIONAL RELATIONS MAP

Honey bees pollinating elephant habitat food.

Herding elephants

Bee pollination of farmland

Human activity area：

Buffer:

Elephant Canteen:

Elephant Habitat

Food source base

Anti-elephant bee area

Anti-elephant forests

Economic forestry

Tourist venues

Entertainment site

Human farmland areas

Human settlement areas

MASTER PLAN 10

B A A

05 04

06 13 03 02

MASTER PLAN LEGEND

35%

Human activity areas

65%

Elephant Canteen area Pollinating honey bee hives

07 Lakeside Viewing Trail

Observatory

08 Economic space in the

Eco Trail

09 Little Forest Recreation

forest

Space

Elephant-proof forest

10 Science Education Area

Elephant Watering Hole

11 Parent-child farmland

Anti-elephant bee *8

12 Entertainment venues 13 Pedestrian footbridge

Farming & Access Routes

Human areas

Human activity areas

Elephant Canteen area

200m

SITE ROAD ANALYSIS

ANTI-ELEPHANT DETAIL ANALYSIS

Human areas Proportion of planning area

100m

Underwoods Trail

Elephant Habitat

anti-elephant bee band Main roads

anti-elephant forests

elephant route

Elephants are gently prevented from moving on to villages and farms by means of anti-elephant bee band and antielephant forests.

Direction of travel of people

Replanning the accessibility of the site, the roads extending in all directions can make people better reach any place, activate the availability of space.

400m

'MAN-ELEPHANT-BEE '

Forest cash crops Capsicum annuum L.

sunflower seed oil

Helianthus annuusL.

“The government hires farmers around the design site to grow food that elephants like to eat according to the season.”

Villagers Moringa oleifera Lam

capsicol

Agave sisalana Perr.

防象林

Hand-made product

cosmetics

Pollination Bees pollinate crops and bring economic benefits to humans that are tens to hundreds of times the value of the bee product itself.

Ele

pha

nt C

Hum

ant

een pha

nt H

34℃ ~35℃ The importance of bees

abita

nt H pha

abi

Temperature

Ant

ban

i-ele

Ele

ee ant b

tat

Ele

“Our honey can prevent elephants from entering human areas and pollinate economic crops under the forest.”

Economic value Italian bees can increase villagers' income each year due to their strong collection power

500 RMB-2000 RMB

Humidity

Honey

Royal Jelly

ti-e

77%~84%

Beeswax

Shade

Anti-elephant efficiency analysis

llin

88.4%

64.3% Less Aggregate

Elephants

Less Aggregate

Italian bee

Flowing Air

ati

rea

lep

rea

tai

Anti-elephant ropes The elephants touch the ropes when they pass by and anger the bees in the hives, acting as a repellent to the elephants.

Solo Elephant

During the experimental cycle, Italian bees blocked 64.3% of herds and 88.4% of solitary elephants.

Anti-image railings The high-density, 1.5-meter-high railing prevents elephants from damaging the hives.

y are

it activ

Bee pollination distance

3km-5km

Detail plan Human recreation areas Rest Lawn

'THE MORE BEES, THE BETTER THE FOOD' Pavement Park play lawn

Anti-elephant forests

Elephant Canteen

Multiple pollination bee sites will be set in the site, and elephant food and economic crops under the forest will be set within the flying range of bees. The more bees, the better quality and quantity of cash crops and elephant food will be. In addition, villagers can also obtain honey, beeswax and other cash crops.

Pollination of crops

a ph

le it -E

e -B

Softly prevent elephants

An Detail plan

NATURAL ELEPHANT REPELLENT – BEES Leisure Lawn

An elephant proof bee band shall be set behind the site near the human activity area. When the elephant tries to cross, the anti-elephant bee band will try to reduce the problems of elephants’ overstepping.

B Recreational areas Woods

In this site, bees play two main roles: 1. Softly prevent elephants from entering the human area from the elephant canteen 2. Play the role of pollination for the food of the elephants in the field and the economic crops under the forest.

Economic space in the forest Villagers working in the woodland economy site

Detail plan

‘Pedestrian bridge over crown of a tree’

Pedestrian bridge Economic space in the forest Anti-elephant forests Bees pollinate

The setting of the pedestrian bridge allows visitors to observe wild animals from a different perspective, increase space utilization, and reduce human interference to other wild animals.

Elephant Canteen Anti-elephant pavilion Field ploughing access

Bridge section --1

Bridge section --2

Bridge section --3

？

SUSTAINABILITY MYCELIAL ARCHITECTURE

Exploration of Mycelium Materials in Architecture 2021 Spring studio，Birmingham City University Site： Beijing , China Scale: 27,500 ㎡ Property： Academic project， Individual project Instructor： Cheng Xue 244939536@qq.com

Future Dangerous consequences of carbon emissions

Excessive human carbon emissions have caused a series of extreme climates, especially the carbon emissions produced by buildings, which accounted for 39% of the overall carbon emissions. The proposal of carbon neutrality policy makes us focus on how to save energy and reduce emissions. China is still manufacturing many houses. While largescale houses contribute to the economy, can they reduce a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions and contribute to the healthy life of human beings !Can we use the power of modern materials to reduce and absorb carbon dioxide emissions while building distinctive buildings that contribute to carbon neutrality, instead of just building houses to earn RMB?

COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS DATA

Extreme heat

Sea level rise

Disappearance of plant species

1.5℃ 2℃

14% 37%

0.4m 0.46m

NOW

8% 16%

Greenhouse gas emissions by sector，China (2019)

Share of carbon emissions in different countries (2019) ＞ 50%

China

Electrictity&Heat

25%

4.64 billion t

10%

Industry

Crop yield

2.84billion t

Manufacturing&Contruction 1.12 billion t

3% 7%

Transport 13.86% United States

4.48% Russia

7.19% India

30.93%

Beijing

China

Agriculture

730.6 million t

Fugitive emissions

693.38 million t

Share of carbon emissions in different categories (2019)

3/4

of carbon emissions come from energy

39%

Building energy consumption：17.5 Residential buildings：10.9

Global carbon footprint of buildings

2℃

1.5℃ 2℃

1.5 million 3 m i l l i o n metric tons metric tons

70%-90%

99%

843.5 million t

35%—38%

1% 0.5%

Coral reefs

Fishery Resources

1.5℃

1.5℃ 2℃

28%

Percentage of building emissions

11%

Heating, cooling, lighting, etc.

Construction Materials

Commercial buildings.：6.6

1750 The First Industrial Revolution

1850

1945

The Second Industrial Revolution

The Third Industrial Revolution

Whole life cycle carbon emissions of buildings

Changes in building materials and the rapid increase in population have led to a significant increase in the carbon footprint of buildings.

：Carbon Emission Curve

Operational phase

Construction

Material production

Dismantling&recycling

Smelting

：Carbon Node Manufacture of cement

：Major carbon emission nodes

Processing

Felling wood

Manufacture of steel

Carbon emissions from the production of building materials.

Transportation

Carbon emissions from the transportation of materials.

Ventilation

Heating

Lighting

The energy used to maintain the building in its normal function.

Carbon emissions from transport, landfill, explosion and incineration of waste materials.

TRADITIONAL MATERIALS

MYCELIAL MATERIAL

300%>>>CO₂ Emits three times its own volume of carbon dioxide and is a serious carbon polluter Complex construction process High transport costs and high labour costs

WHY CHOOSE THIS SITE?

Strong carbon sequestration capacity The carbon footprint of the construction process is offset by the fact that it can absorb up to twice its weight in CO2. Non-polluting and recyclable After the construction of the house, the mycelial bricks can also degrade and become fertiliser for the vegetation due to breakage etc. Short construction cycle Growth time with assembly in less than 2 weeks

CHINA

Beijing

Chaoyang district

Olympic Park

Site area 27,500 ㎡

Beijing

River

SITE Olympic Park Residential areas Chaoyang district The site is close to the city center, with sufficient flow of people. In addition, there are a lot of carbon emission areas around the site, such as houses, factories, and there are no entertainment facilities.

19.96% 2014

300%

Three times the volume

Share of total carbon emissions

Mycelium bricks

Absorption efficiency

Summary of site issues High population density and high carbon emissions. The surrounding area is densely built up and has a high carbon emission density. Lack of site features

How can mycelial building minimize carbon emissions? The mycelial building and vegetation build a small ecosystem, and the factors inside and outside the building are orderly circulated and transformed to minimize environmental pollution and reduce resource and energy consumption.

PROJECT GOAL The density of carbon emissions around the site is high, and only some parks can carry out carbon sequestration. The purpose of the design is to use the mycelium building, which can not only absorb most of the carbon dioxide around the site, but also provide a green open space with unique characteristics and diversity for people.

MYCELIAL MATERIAL APPLICATIONS

Mycelium carbon sequestration

*Packaging

Motor vehicles

Buildings

Site connections

Industrial & Construction Uses

*Construction Maitake

Sports space

Mycelium

Reishi/Linzhi

Green space

Recreational space

Carbon sequestration by absorption

Turkey Tail

Shiitake

Industrial&Construction Uses

Introduction of mycelium into the mill

Mycelium building characteristics: The growth time, together with the assembly, takes less than two weeks to produce a strong, lightweight, soundproof, shockproof and fireproof mycelium building.

Mycelium material

Mycelium building Mycelium architecture offers personalised spaces.

STEP 1 Construction of mycelium base

{1} Establishment of a site suitable for mycelial storage and growth

Building construction

Transport collection area

Ventilation

Damp

Why build a mycelium base in the first place?

People can quickly move the completed mycelium block to a certain place to improve the efficiency of house construction.

Architectural framework

Extended directions

F1: Collection area

The collected crop waste is sterilized, mixed with nutrients, and then the mycelium in the mushroom is collected.

F3 F2 F1

Put the mycelium produced from the mushrooms in the field into a grinding tool, mix it with crop waste, grow for two weeks, and formed.

The functional area of the site is mainly the building area and the central garden area. During the construction process, the garden gradually expands outwards with the mycelium base as the center, connecting the inside and outside of the building with the undulating trees of the garden.

Mycelium forming area

{2}Functional zoning

F2:Culture area

CONSTRUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS

CONSTRUCTION OF MYCELIAL BASE

First, build a cultivation base for mycelium, and then expand the building outside based on the cultivation base. As the building grows, the plants will also expand outside at the same time. The nourishment of plants is waste mycelium bricks.

Adequate light

The right temperature

Step 2

Step 1

HOW TO BUILD A MYCELIUM BUILDING

Extended directions

Section Mycelium disinfection area

Architectural framework

Mushroom growing areas

Section

Mycelium surface

Mycelium base Mycelium base

F3:Disinfection area

The lumpy mycelium composite material is irradiated in the sun, one side of the sun becomes a hard shell, and the other side grows mushrooms.

Extended directions

Actual photo of mycelium blocks

External surface of mycelium building

Planimetric growth chart

STEP 2 Mycelium building details

Aerial view

Planimetric growth chart

MASTER PLAN

Mycelium rack

Mycelial growth wall

Aerial view

Mycelium fixator: The reticular structure allows the mycelium block and the iron wire to be inlaid together well. Mycelium bricks: Mycelium bricks are attached to the sides of the wire supports.

The atta m y c e l i u ch m b l a y o ed to t rick h s u use t , w h i e s t e e l a r e ch of c s a v frame eme carb es n on d ioxid t and re t h e e em d issio uces ns.

Afte r in t h d e m o ld e g r o w sun to i n g , l e t prot t h , a n d a v o id f d r y ec ur t mate tive lay h e n a p t h e r er o rial. f bio p l y a -bas ed

Place in the model

01 The a can rrange m b myc e in t e r ent of sp plan e ts w a s lium bu e r s e d in il t a r e e m y c ding, an t h e eliu d r e t he cy m s nour c ishm c l e d a s raps ent. pla nt

Low temperature sterilisation

Collecting substrates

Mycelium building recyclable system Sawdust

Outputs

Straw

STEP 3 Recycling of mycelial buildings

11 10

Maize straw

Provision of nutrients

Mycelium bricks

Crop residues

Waste 100% biodegradable

Mycelium

40m

Enzyme The mycelium rack was disassembled into a cylinder.

Step 3 Mineral

ARCHITECTURAL GROWTH LANDSCAPE:

Nourishment.

The mycelial growth wall was disassembled for better transportation and soil absorption.

The mycelial growth wall was disassembled

People put the disrepair or damaged mycelium material into the vegetation of the site, which is 100% degradable, and serves as the plant's nourishment.

It emphasizes the growth process of mycelium architecture and the concept of cogrowth of mycelium architecture and surrounding nature. It takes about two months to generate the whole building. During the growth period (mycelium brick collage time), residents and tourists can also learn and understand the growth process and distinctive construction method of mycelium buildings.

01. Rooftop sports corridor

07. Basketball court

02. Indoor skateboard space

08. Rooftop rest area

03. Outdoor social space

09. Mycelium drying area

04. Central Garden

10. Viewpoint

05. Cyclocross platform

11. Aerial walkway

06. Badminton court

12. Mycelial woodland

DETAIL OF BUILDING CARBON SEQUESTRATION

AERIAL VIEW OF THE BUILDING

Urban mycelium rack

Building mycelial growth wall

1. The ring structure increases the contact area with air.

1. Increase mycelial growth walls to achieve better carbon sequestration

2. The gallery structure is easy to assemble

2. Increase the ventilation efficiency of the building

CO₂

Mycelium Base Central Garden

Aerial Runway

Carbon sequestration efficiency

Mycelial Passage

Sports Ground Grandstand

Carbon sequestration efficiency

Green Space System

CO₂

54%-60% Less Aggregate

68%-80%

Social Area

Less Aggregate

Rooftop

CO₂

MYCELIUM BUILDING ANALYSIS DIAGRAM Rooftop lawn Indoor sports space

Rotating staircase

Rooftop Garden

Mycelium production workshop

Road grass

Movement module building

Central Garden

Stairs

Open-air viewing stand

R ENT

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DIVERSIFIED LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL

n ll r e e to a e g stems in h t f sy s o tion y s i f vegeta l a A n ation o ite gr es Inte s of th a are

Section AA'

The overall layout of the building is linear, and the functional zoning of the site also benefits from this linear arrangement. Due to the functional layout and the building itself, the whole building adopts natural ventilation and uses natural laws to achieve the effect of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction. At the same time, natural elements are also applied to architectural design to realize the function of natural architecture.

EL+34.43m EL+30.00m EL+24.00m EL+18.00m EL+12.00m

level 06 level 05 level 04 level 03 level 02

Viewpoint Open-air playgrounds Mycelium Field Ecological venues Studio Layer

Open rest area Material collection area Mycelium culture area

EL+0.00m

level 01

Indoor sports hall

Mycelium disinfection area

level 04 level 03 level 02 level 01

EL+18.00m EL+12.00m EL+6.00m EL+0.00m

LET MYCELIUM BE INTEGRATED INTO LIFE Aerial view of the mycelium base

Open-air viewing booth

On the roof of the mycelium construction, there are different functional partitions. There is the construction area of the mycelium module, the social area, and the sports area of the roof garden area. People can join in the construction of the mycelium here, and let people experience the other side of modern architecture.

1 Aerial view of the mycelium base

"Let's join in the production of mycelium together"

STEP 1 Cutting mushrooms to obtain the raw material for the mycelium.

STEP 2 Place in petri dishes and culture for 2-3 days.

STEP 3 Cultivation of mycelium

While building mycelium bricks, it provides residents and tourists with a hands-on participation platform to express their creativity, so that they can also participate in the production of mycelium.

"This is a unique mycelium module!"

Germicidal UVC After the my modules have been formed, they are placed in the sun to dry and sterilise the top layer, which dies from the direct sunlight and thus forms a hard protective shell.

STEP 4 People mix mycelium with agricultural waste

STEP 5

STEP 6

Putting the mixture into a brick grinder

Wait about 7 days for the personalised mycelium to take shape

Residents and tourists make their own favorite mycelium templates to allow the mycelium to grow in the template, for example, tables, chairs, panels, and sticks can be generated, which makes the functionality of mycelium more flexible, satisfies people's curiosity, and attracts more people to play at the same time.

BOTH ECOLOGY & SPORT ARE INDISPENSABLE Open-air viewing booth 2

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE Internal structure of the mycelium building

The core concept of the site is to use mycelial architecture to bring a different sensory experience to the entire site. The sustainable mycelial architecture forms a sharp contrast with the external reinforced concrete. While the mycelium makes the air in the venue fresher, it also provides people with various functional areas, such as social areas, corridors, leisure venues, etc., which fully improves the use of the venue.

1 3

2 4

MYCELIUM BRICKS + VEGETATION

CO₂

DETAILED MODEL OF THE SITE

Circulation Myc

ste

material.

The mycelium rack fixes the CO₂ in the atmosphere in the

eli

Powerful carbon sequestration function： Absorption

O₂

CO₂

200%

Absorption of twice the volume of CO₂

ra da ble

CO₂

% 100

g de

1 Corridor lounge area The damaged or disrepair gallery structure can be used as the nourishment of the vegetation on the site after pollution-free dismantling, and it is 100% degradable.

The corridor area of the floor allows people not only to exercise, but also to observe the bustle of the city.

2 Seating social area Table and chair area entirely made up of sustainable mycelium tiles.

Study Lounge

The excellent sound insulation of the mycelium building allows for quiet study

4 Ecological zones People stroll and rest on the lawns in the building.

THAN JUST HOUSING 03 MORE Building safe habitats for the South Africa Miners Site： Year： Scale: Property： Instructor：

THE DANGERS OF MINING PITS

Rustenberg, South Africa Year 2 12,390 ㎡ Academic project， Individual project Jia Han hj@wtu.edu.cn

BACKGROUND

Diseases

South Africa was once the world's largest mining country, and many South African families lived on mining. However, Rustenberg's mining capitalist enterprises failed to provide basic working and living conditions for miners, which led to the fact that most miners lived in disorderly residential areas consisting of rows of sheds around the mine, lacking basic municipal services, and became the evidence of drug abuse, HIV and so on. This systematic exploitation of labor has had a devastating impact on traditional culture and family structure.

Pollution

In this case, the flexible expansion of container houses is used to re-plan the living accommodation of miners and their families, trying to provide a flexible community for nearly 1000 people. The goal of the design is to restore the normal life of mining communities and the dignity of miners, so that they can continue to live in a safe environment and maintain the normal function of society.

SURROUNDINGS OF THE TEMPORARY HOUSING SITE

High levels of dust and atmospheric refuse

Pit distribution in South Africa

Atmospheric pollution. Negative impact on nearby residents

1. Heart disease

Water pollution. A blow to the surrounding ecosystem

2. Respiratory diseases

Mine pit dust

3. Cancer 0

50 100

Soil contamination. Contamination of crops and their vegetation

4. Cardiovascular disease ·······

200m

THE DANGERS OF A COMMUNITY OF TEMPORARY MINERS Site Mine Pit

Ikemeleng Informal Settlement

Housing Status

12390 ㎡ R104

R104

Site

The dangers posed by temporary communities

Description of hut materials

Wood

Iron

Garbage (cartons...)

Miners create flimsy makeshift huts from simple materials. Sibanye Stillwater Water mining Property

Site Temporary housing for miners Mine

Kroondal Mine Road system Miner's Route

THE TRAGEDY OF THE MINERS

Number of miners killed & injured in South Africa

Percentage growth in production (2019 VS 2018)

2019

2018

2017

2015

2016

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1994

1995

1993

Number of Injured

1992

1991

1990

Number of deaths 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

350 300 250 Number of Injured 200 150 100 50 Number of deaths 0

-0.4% -0.9% -2.5% -10.1% -27.6%

Discrimination

Lack of basic municipal services

Respiratory diseases

Disability

Drug treatment

Homelessness

Mine pit pollution

Visual impairment

HIV

Community Problem Lack of education

Water & food security

High crime rate

23.3%

Families living in shacks

23.3%

17.7%

On the Street

In RVs/ Camper

25.4%

21.5%

The work attempts to create a living environment that is completely different from the dark underground working environment. A community is created for different groups of miners, such as singles and families. We also create suitable living areas for the elderly, the sick and the disabled, enhancing the miners' social activities, teaching skills and safe living, giving them a sense of belonging.

12.1%

Unsheltered

Chormium PGMs Iron ore Gold Diamonds

All mining

1.3%

Results Increase in the number of unsheltered

23.3%

Sheltered Unsheltered

Low nutrition

PROJECT GOAL

0.5% 0.5%

Hearing problems

IDENTITY Living space of unsheltered

9.4%

Poor physical condition

Miners' health condition

Proportion of miners' households with/without a home

Unsheltered/ Sheltered population（2020）

Copper Manganese Nickel Coal

The harsh working environment of miners in South Africa leads to frequent mining accidents, and the miners spend their time in fear all the time. In addition, the meager wages also prevent them from having good living conditions and medical standards, as well as being unable to obtain a good living environment and timely treatment.

Viral infections

In Makeshift Shelter

In Tent

In Van

Single Household

Shared Household

Two Person Household

Three Person Household

Personalised customisation

DESIGN METHODOLOGY Self-sufficient container community The community provides housing for the miners, along with basic amenities, and then builds skill training centers (agricultural planting, house construction...) for retired or disabled miners and others, so that they can continue to have a source of income. Building schools for miners' children to receive education reduces the probability of crime as a whole, and enables the community to enter into positive feedback regulation, which will benefit everyone in the community.

Based on the characteristics of easy transportation,convenient installation, good thermal insulation and flexibility, the flexible configuration of multiple modules can also meet the different needs of different situations.

Available colours

Corrugated metal sheets

This is what I mean by ‘More than just Housing'

Choice of container types Container housing

2.8 3m

Container Features Miners' Community

Container I Living environment

Residence

36 sq.m Container II

Container III

The site is the only large open space in the vicinity.

Step 2 'Open' the site Dividing the original site into different functional zones.

72 sq.m 4

Step 3

Employment

Residence

99 sq.m 6

Supermarkets

The house consists entirely of a single container.

54 sq.m Container IV

Skills acquisition

72 sq.m

Bathhouse

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Same container but can be built with different properties.

The flexibility of the container gives more possibilities to the vacant area of the site.

Different container constructions to quickly build changing and stable communities.

Flexible space layout

Connecting Spaces

32 sq.m

Playfulness

Enquiry Service

Office

Supermarkets

Containers with different functions

Restaurant

Entertainment

Group activities

Similarity

Bathhouse

Medical

Education

72 sq.m

Original site

Group activities

Residence

Multifunctional, reproducible house

Step 1

Residence

Restaurant

Skills acquisition

Operation

Education

100 sq.m

Restaurant

SITE ANALYSIS

MASTER PLAN

CROP TEACHING SITES

Functional division of the site

Multi-functional relaxation area Farmland areas

10m

20m

Residential area

Piazza area Residential area Miners' logistic area

Green space analysis

A small crop teaching site with the aim of teaching unemployed miners or neighbourhood residents how to grow crops.

ANALYSIS OF TEACHING SITES Green Belt Community Lawn

Activity Bubbles

Teaching area

Agricultural areas

Residential area Recreational areas

Recreational areas

Shelter Miners' logistic area

Residential area

Main areas

Rest

Secondary areas

1. Miners' Canteen 2. Medical Room

Helianthus annuusL.

3. Miner's shower

Gossypium spp

4. Skill learning areas

Saccharum officinarum L.

5. Multi-person container housing

6. Container housing for families 7. Community gardens 8. Community parks

Miners heading home

Arachis hypogaea Linn. Community entrances

9. Family living area

Main event space

10. Community farms

Secondary activity spaces

11. Children's teaching area 12. Children's teaching area

Rest

AGRICULTURAL CROPS ANALYSIS J

Employment

Playfulness

External event space

Planting

Triticum aestivum L. Zea mays Linn. Sp. Solanumtuberosum

CLOTHES DRYING SPACE ANALYSIS Concept

CLOTHES DRYING & RELAXATION SPACE In a limited site, when the frame is covered with cotton quilt, it naturally creates another private space, which increases the diversity of space attributes and the efficiency of space use.

Social events

Drying

Rest

Playfulness

Retreat area

Leisure

Zoning

Purifying the air

Drying

OUTDOOR SPACE PROFILE ANALYSIS Teaching area

0 1 2

Recreational areas

Clothes drying space

0 1 2

CONTAINERIZED MULTI-PURPOSE HOUSING

CONTAINER HOUSING FOR MINERS The planning of areas for private and public dwellings has mitigated viral transmission and alleviates violence.

Different container houses are assembled into multi-functional houses with different appearance. While maximizing the utilization of the site, the miners assembled and designed containers themselves, which also gives them a sense of belonging.

CONTAINER HOUSING ANALYSIS

Plan 1F

Plan 2F

2 5

[1] [2] [3]

Kitchen

[4] [5] [6]

Bedroom

Bathroom Bedroom

Bedroom Bedroom Corridor

6 3

Direction of travel

4 0

ENTERTAINMENTPLAZA FOR MINERS' FAMILIES

MASS-PRODUCED SCHOOL BUILDING

Opening the miners' houses to the corresponding streets and grounds blurs the boundary between public and private spaces, while also providing a space for residents to relax and play.

Miners and their children continue to work as miners as they do not receive a good education and the whole family is caught in a deadly cycle. School buildings that can be built in bulk are also part of my mission to quickly erect containerised school buildings in different communities, allowing children and adults to receive a good education and advancing the safe functioning of the community.

ANALYSIS OF TEACHING SITES

Lawn space

Social events Recreation

‘ WIN BACK LIFE AND DIGNITY ’ During the design process, I saw many organizations come up with proposals that simply provide shelter and food for the miners. This can solve the problem in the short term, but miners may work on a pit for a long time and it will become uneconomical. In addition, for miners, they don't want to live as "miners" all the time. There is an old Chinese saying that “it is better to teach a man to fish than to give him a fish.”For miners, learning a skill is more important. Only with dignity can they have the feeling of life. So, what I do is not a refugee camp, but a community where miners can live again, a place where they can work, study and train, a place where children can get education, a place where they can give full play to their abilities, and a place where they can get better life opportunities.

Children's space

Sunken spaces

Partitioned corridors

Social events

Zoning

Facilities

Outdoor Theatre

Social events

Yoga

The flexible design of the site, taking advantage of the undulating background of the original site, serves to divide the space.

URBANISM 04 AQUEOUS Wuhan Huangxiao River pollution restoration

ANALYSIS OF POLLUTION SOURCES AROUND THE HUANGXIAO RIVER

2021 fall studio，Birmingham City University Site： Wuhan, Hubei Province, China Scale: Large size Property： Academic project ， Individual project Instructor： Xu Xiaoyi 2018004@wtu.edu.cn

Hubei Province

Wuhan city

Jiang An district

Huangxiao River

BACKGROUND

Consequences of the rush to economic development Wuhan is a major city in the Yangtze River basin, located in the center of the Jianghan Plain. A quarter of the entire city is covered by water. However, people are anxious to economic development, reclaiming land from lakes, exploding population, industrial development and other reasons that have caused pollution and disappearance of large scale of water. In addition, the sewage treatment capacity of the city cannot keep up with the development of the city, and most of the water sources are not purified. Most of the raw water is directly discharged into the Yangtze River and other waters, resulting in the current pollution of Huangxiao River.

THE CONNECTION THE CITY &THE HUANGXIAO RIVER

1950

36%

86%

1990

14%

2000

96%

2013

Ya n

1870

64%

77%

ve r

23%

10% 90%

Yangtze River

Proportion of urban development

Huang Xiao River Industrial development

Population increase

Huangxiao River sewage outfall

Proportion of undeveloped cities

Yangtze River Sewage Outfall Chemical plants

River transport

Sewage treatment stations

Lake enclosure Urban expansion

AERIAL VIEW OF THE HUANGXIAO RIVER FIRST-ORDER TRIBUTARIES Analysis of pollution types (2017) Total waste water discharge（2017)

SECONDARY TRIBUTARIES The effect of rainfall on river pollution

Total amount of chemical pollutants （2017)

Industrial effluent discharge

Domestic sewage discharge

Discharge of urban domestic sewage

2012 2013 2014

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Changes in heavy metal emissions

Changes in COD emissions

2015 2016 50Changes in nutrient emissions Oil emissions per million

Nutrient emissions per million Metal emissions / million

100

17535.27 Hectares

lakes

in the centre of Wuhan received pollution

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Changes in COD emissions

8 6

72%

78%

Lakes

Rivers

4 2 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Changes in oil emissions

The rainy season causes urban flooding and accelerates the pollution of the Huangxiao River.

Soil contamination

150

River drying up

200

Analysis of pollution in urban waters

1000 800 600 400 200

Direct discharge of site pollution

Analysis of contamination details (2012-2016)

Site waste dumped in nearby park

Industrial effluent discharge

River pollution

16.75 billion tons

The river has been artificially blocked

4.62 million tons

Construction site waste

29.16% 70.84%

No one cleans up the river litter

House building encroaching on the river

45.73% 55.27%

LAND USE ANALYSIS

HUANGXIAO RIVER POLLUTANT HOTSPOT

More than 80 factories and over 1 million inhabitants along the Huangxiao River .

Through field investigation, the model relationship between huangxiao River

The Huangxiao River is responsible for the drainage of 48.5 km² of rainwater in the eastern part of Hankou Construction sites

and surrounding environment is summarized, and the following three typical river pollution sources are summarized.

Residential building areas

inw

Commercial land

Ag g po rega llut tio ant n o f s

Huang Xiao River

Huangxiao River Bridge

Main Road Secondary Road

Tertiary Road

Ag g po rega llut tio ant n o f s

ate

S P

HC N

Ag g po rega llut tio ant n o f s

Residential areas Commercial areas HC

Public areas

ANALYSIS OF POLLUTED DISCHARGES

The river has a straight bank and some of the banks have concrete retaining walls, which are not conducive to drainage during rainfall.

The low topography of the Huangxiao River makes it prone to urban stormwater back-up, and the surrounding sewage system is inadequate.

Sewage under the bridge

INDUSTRY SEWAGE

12.31 billion tonnes of other effluent

HMM 28m

Rainwater mixed with ground stains gushed into the Huang Xiao River, causing pollution of the river.

S Sediment

nim

ic P

als

lant

P Sediment

Nitrogen Compounds

DOMESTIC SEWAGE Domestic sewage sources Domestic waste water has a large number of diseasecausing microorganisms and flows unfiltered into rivers, increasing their pollution.

Contaminant

Hudrocarbons

ic a

uat

type 3

22.43 billion tonnes of industrial wastewater

Contaminant Heavy Metals

uat

Rainwater pollution sources

35.5% 64.5%

URBAN RAIN POLLUTION

Industrial effluent sources

Workers cleaning the river

type 2

type 1 Riverside sewage outfall

Pathogens

Hudrocarbons

Sediment

HMM Heavy Metals

Pathogens

Hudrocarbons

Water Quality Experiment Huangxiao River Huangxiao River Water Quality Weakly alkaline water source Heavy metals exceeded Dissolved oxygen exceeds the limit Ammonia nitrogen exceeded

Influence

S Sediment

Nitrogen Compounds

blackened and smelly water bodies. degradation of water quality. Impact on the survival of aquatic plants and animals.

Sampling locations

Unpurified sewage Contour lines

Industrial wastewater discharge data

14m Drainpipes

Stormwater pollution comparison

Groundwater recharge per year

Urban domestic sewage data：

Rubbish by the river Nitrate

Drainage manhole

1 acre

1 acre High potentialooding areas

Total industrial water use (billion cubic metres)

1,000,000

Medium potential ooding areas

Year-on-year growth (%)

GALLONS/Year

3,000

GALLONS/Year

208,000

Total urban domestic sewage discharge (billion tonnes)

311,000

GALLONS/Year GALLONS/Year

Growth rate (%)

Ammonia nitrogen

Heavy metals

0.4--0.6mg/L

Dissolved oxygen

7.0--8.0mg/L

Serious PH

Weakly alkaline

STRATEGY URBAN WASTEWATER PURIFICATION STRATEGIES Due to the lack of natural vegetation around the Huangxiao River, it is unable to efficiently filter and absorb rainwater pollution and domestic sewage from the city. Therefore, a reasonable live water chain constructed wetland is built to provide ornamental wetlands for people when the sewage is filtered step by step.

Part 01

Construction：Living Water Chain Constructed Wetland

Rainwater Aquatic animal ponds:

Algae ponds : Removal rate

91.6%

Organics

Removal rate

80%

Less Aggregate

Removal rate

75%

Primary producers

Chlorella Scenedesmus

65%

BOD

Less Aggregate

Contaminated food

organic compound

Graywater

COD

Less Aggregate

Removal rate

oxidized ammonia nitrogen

Suspended contaminants

Low-level consumers

Contaminated sediment sludge

NH4+，NO3-,PO43-

Domestic sewage pollution

Urban stormwater pollution

Contaminated water

Sewer drains

living water chain constructed wetland

Predation

Part 02

Submerged wetlands

IN-FLOW

Contact sedimentation： The settling of pollutants due to the slowing of the flow rate caused by gravel obstruction.

Aquatic Plants Eco-fill Protective layer of impermeable membrane impermeable membrane Foundation ramification

Part 01

Sewage

Biofilm adsorption： Contaminants are adsorbed by a sticky biofilm on the surface of the gravel.

Algae ponds

+ Aquatic animal ponds

Sewage

Inlet side

Part 02

Outflow side

Wetland Pond

Settling

Gravel

Bacterial adsorption/ decomposition

Microbial decomposition： The breakdown of dissolved organic matter in wastewater into harmless inorganic material by microbial uptake.

Source:Liu,L.andZhang,Li.(2018) Theimpactonlocalforestecosystembyelephants.ActaTheriologicaSinica,38(4),pp.411-419.

Submerged wetlands

Part 03 Submerged / floating plant area

Part 03

Aquatic plants/fish breeding areas

Submerged plant / floating plant area

Plant Floating Island Absorption of nutrients in water

Org-C

CO₂

Org-N

NH4-N

Org-P

PO4-P

Plant fixation of C,N,P

Benefits

NH3-N

Conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, effectively reducing ammonia nitrogen. Pollutants

Benefits Interception of suspended matter photosynthetic oxygen enrichment of the water column.

O₂

Filtering & sedimentation SS

O₂

The medium is good for growth and reproduction

Interception of pollutants The root biofilm cleans the water

O₂ O₂

OUT-FLOW

RIVERBANK DESIGN STRATEGY An attempt to mitigate water pollution and enrich the site's ecosystem by transforming the river's shores. The Changing River Short-term watering holes

Meadow Island

Stabilized stone Slopes planted with shrubs

Reinforced stone shoreline

A rich variety of terrain Ecological berthing

Plants (purifying effect)

Terrestrial plants Aquatic Plants

Animal Habitat

Fish spawning sites

Animal Habitat

Exposed rocky bottom

Increase the topographical richness of the river bank

Restoring the natural river form

The varying water levels throughout the year open up endless possibilities for dredging animal habitats as well as vegetated areas.

The combination of artificial and natural design methods maintains the meandering form of the river banks, enhances the ecosystem and improves water quality.

Reduced scouring of the river bottom

Artificial Ecological Floating Island

Through the soil fixing, purifying and filtering action of the vegetation roots, the erosion and water pollution on both sides of the river are effectively reduced.

Artificial ecological floating islands attract insects, birds and other animals, providing ecological diversity and enhancing the selfpurification of water bodies.

Plant diversity Containing mainly a variety of aquatic plants, the aim is to purify the sewage while making way for an enriched ecosystem.

MASTER PLAN Reasons for changing the profile of the river

A rich diversity of habitats such as main streams, tributaries, rapids and shallows are formed. River morphological diversity is the basis for the diversity of biological communities. The richness of the form attracts people to interact with the river.

The original form of the river Post-design river morphology

2 3 'Get more people involved' Build a Waterfront Park 4

Through the construction of more activity spaces, the site connects new streets and new open spaces, and sets many entrances and exits around the river, which strengthens the activity connection between the Huangxiao River area and the city, and achieves the purpose of integrating the Huangxiao River and the city.

6 5 7

Wetland Park Human Activity Routes External Access Point

8 9

1.Living water chain constructed wetland

'A more efficient purification system' Build a Rain Garden

2.Wetland trails 3.Water Leisure Plaza 4.Eco Park 5.Bird watching platform 6. Living water chain wetlands 7. Wetland reserves(Wildlife habitats) 8. Waterfront Terrace 9. Ecological corridors

The green space system around the river serves as a primary sewage filter, and a living water chain constructed wetland is also set up in the Huangxiao River to serve as a secondary filter. The river water pollution is alleviated, and the increase of animals and plants makes the ecosystem enter a positive feedback regulation.

10. Wetland Park 2 1

1:15000 0

100m 200m

Living Water Chain Constructed Wetland Green space system Existing water

400m

DETAILED PLAN |URBAN ECOLOGICAL PARK

TYPE A Habitat

Wetland Forest Hiking

TYPE A

TYPE B Rainwater filtration sites

Watching platform Wetland

Paths

In the park's greenways, a system of natural vegetation filters rainwater and sewage before it flows into the river.

TYPE B

TYPE C Water-friendly platform

TYPE C

Recreational areas

Bird watching platform Bird-watching platforms on the shore guarantee a safe distance from the bird habitat to get to know the birds up close.

TYPE D Water Leisure Plaza Designed for people's entertainment and group activities, you can feel the clear Huang Xiao River up close.

TYPE D Upland slope

Paths Habitat

TYPE E

Wetland

Habitat

Wetland trails People walk in the wetland, feel the difference of the wetland up close, and experience the ecological diversity in the quiet environment.

Illustrations

Biomass wetlands

10m 20m

40m

Mainly designed for the habitat of wild animals, such as migratory birds and amphibians, which are close to the river bank and difficult for humans to reach

WETLAND PARK Planting Strategy The purifying effect of plants on water quality Emerged plant

Floating plant

Submerged plants

COD

COD TP

TN DO

TP COD

COD

TN COD

Ecological barge

COD

The soil fixing, purifying and filtering action of the shoreline plants effectively reduces soil erosion and water pollution caused by rain.

COD

DO COD

生态驳岸

Uptake of polluting elements

地标径流 Surface runoff

The Ecological Floating Island

Living Edge / Biofiltration

Wa t e r p u r i f i c a t i o n t h r o u g h t h e 人工生态浮岛 adsorption of food roots and also 鸟类栖息地 acts as a habitat for wildlife as well.

COD

Dissolved oxygen

T-N

T-P

Chemical oxygen demand

Total phosphorus

Total Nitrogen

Birds & Amphibians.

植物

UNDERWATER FOREST Reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen in water, absorb nutrients in water, compete for nutrients and light, inhibit the growth of algae, avoid eutrophication of water, and provide a shelter and environment for aquatic animals to feed and reproduce.

REUSE OF SLUDGE WASTE COLLECTION

Huang Xiao River

IRRIGATION

Park Grounds

Bioretention area

COLLECTION

Rainwater garden

RAINWATER GARDEN

Section | Rainwater garden

Multi-use Trail Bioretention area

Precipitation Permeable pavement

Rainwater and sewage

Aquifers Overlays

Rainwater infiltration

Planting soil layer

Sand layer Gravel layer

Permeable concrete

20m

40m

80m

Permeable asphalt

WETLAND PARK

Section | Wetland Park

Eco-Riverside

Riverside Lawn Panel Viewing platform

Multi-use Trail

10m

20m

40m