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Modernism - 3 Post modernism - 4 Bauhaus -7 Swiss Design - 9 Barbara Kruger - 13 Punk Style - 17 Dain - 19 Non Format - 21 Artist typeface - 23
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Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul CĂŠzanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of modern art.
Modernism is a style or cultural movement in the arts, architecture, music, literature and design that aims to break the classical and traditional forms and rebel against it. Modernism emerged in the decades before 1914. Modernisn created rapid changes in manufacturing, transportation, and technology profoundly affected the social, economic, and cultural conditions of life in Western Europe, North America, and eventually the world. New forms of transportation, including the railroad, the steam engine, and the subway changed the way people lived, worked, and traveled, both at home and abroad, expanding their worldview and access to new ideas.
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appropriation, performance art, the recycling of past styles and themes in a modern-day context, as well as the break-up of the barrier between fine and high arts and low art and popular culture.
There are several characteristics which lend art to being postmodern; these include bricolage, the use of words prominently as the central artistic element, collage, simplification,
Postmodern art in general was the era that followed Modernism, it is art movement’s that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath so almost a rebellion actually against modernisms itself. The term “Postmodern” was first used around the 1870s. John Watkins Chapman suggested “a Postmodern style of painting” as a way to move beyond French Impressionism. Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some as pects of modernism or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, move ments such as Intermedia, Installation art, Conceptual Art and Multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.
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it it’s a sculp“It “It is is not not hard hard to to understand understand modern modern art. art.IfIf itit hangs hangs on on aa wall wall it’s aa paintpaintit’s ing, and you ing, ifif you “Itand is not hard can walk around to understand modern art. If it it’s aa sculpsculpithangs it’s on a wall it’s a paintture.” ture.” ing, and if you Tom Stoppard 6
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The Bauhaus was arguably the most influential art and design school of the 20 -th century. Founded in Weimar in 1919 by architect Walter Gropius, it attracted some of the key figures in the evolution of Modernism. The teaching was innovative and the work of bot -h teachers and students had a huge impact,as did the building that Gropius designed when the school mov -ed to Dessau in 1925. These achieve -ments, combined with a talent for self publicity, made the Bauhaus internation -ally famous.The Nazi authorities clos -ed the school in 1933.Many of its me -mbers went abroad, where they were to disseminate Bauhaus ideas through their work and teaching. The Bauhaus began with an utopian definition:“The building of the future ” was to combine all the arts in ideal unity.This required a new type of artist beyond academic specialisa tion, for whom the Bauhaus would offer adequate educ -ation. In order to reach this goal,the founder, Walter Gropius,saw the necessity to develop new teaching methods and was convinced that the base for any art was to be fou -nd in handcraft:
“the school will gradually turn into a workshop”.
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Often referred to as the International Typographic Style or the International Style, the style of design that originated in Switzerland in the 1940s and 50s was the basis of much of the development of graphic design during the mid 20th century. Led by designers Josef M端ller-Brockmann at the Zurich School of Arts and Krafts and Armin Hofmann at the Basel School of Design, the style favored simplicity, legibility and objectivity.
Of the many contributions to develop from the two schools were the use of, sans-serif typography, grids and asymmetrical layouts. Also stressed was the combination of typography and photography as a means of visual communication. The primary influential works were developed as posters, which were seen to be the most effective means of communication.
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Armin Hofmann is a Swiss graphic designer. Hofmann followed Emil Ruder as head of the graphic design department at the Schule für Gestaltung Basel (Basel School of Design) and was instrumental in developing the graphic design style known as the Swiss Style. He is well known for his posters, which emphasized economical use of colour and fonts, in reaction to what Hofmann regarded as the “trivialization of colour.” His posters have been widely exhibited as works of art in major galleries, such as the New York Museum of Modern Art.
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Jan Tschichold born 2 April 1902 Leipzig, Germany 11 August 1974 in Locarno, he was a typographer, book designer, teacher and writer.
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Much of Tschichold’s work uses the Swiss School style. This style is focused on order and organization. As a result, Tschichold worked with a lot of squares and circles, which are the fundamental Suprematist elements. He saw this new style of art as a metaphor of a new world, and a model for graphic design.
“Painting now strives towards a new and elementary harmony of surface,color, form and their relationships, which are subject to certain laws.”
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r e g u r K a Barbar was born in New Jersey in 1945 and studied at a school of visual arts. She worked at Mad emoiselle Magazine and was quickly given the position of head designer. Her technique is simple yet effective. She uses source found photographs
and layers text over them which is for one reason only: to offend the viewer. She does this in order to show the viewers that she is in control as once the posters are made there is nothing they can do about it except read it and accept it it’s been said. She uses red as a prominent colour in her work as it is red and she knows it will be read. Much of her text questions the viewer about feminism, classicism, consumerism, and individual autonomy and desire, although her black-and-white images are culled from the mainstream magazines that sell the very ideas she is disputing.
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DAIN
Born and raised in Brooklyn, NY, the elusive DAIN is considered to be one of the more influential artists to emerge from the current New York City street art movement. DAIN faithfully produces works that are both evocative and beautiful in their composition. His love for old hollywood glam is evident in much of his work. This, along with his roots in graffiti, create a gritty yet delicate street art style that is all his own. DAIN’s art has recently been featured in shows in New York, London and Paris.
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Non-Format is a contemporary London-based An glo-Scandinavian graphic design team specialising in design projects for the publishing and music industries. The firm was founded by Kjell Ekhorn and Jon Forss in 2000. They have worked for The Leaf Label and also closely with Lo Recordings, whom they have designed a vast majority of well over 60 releases with. They created artwork for Stateless for both their album and singles. They are also responsible for the recently complete redesign and art direction of the monthly British music magazine The Wire.
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Artist
typeface
As part of a brief we were asked to create a font based on an artist work which was downloadableand can be used online. The artist chosen was Nicholas De Genova.
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