TYPES OF HORTICULTURAL OFFERINGS_BIODOMES CASE STUDIES Biodome Biodome refers to a totally enclosed eco-system typically used to research the self-sustainability of such systems. They try to recreate the natural existing biomes. It may or
may not be constructed with geodesic structures.
Top 5 Largest Biodomes in World ( Based on Height of Biodome) 1.
Saudi Biome Concept, Saudi Arabia ( Not constructed)
2.
Montreal biosphere, Canada
3.
Eden Prject, Cornwall, UK
4.
Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
5.
Climatron Missouri Botanical Garden, North America
At Present _ No Biodome in India.
80m 60m 40m 20m
Height (m) Area (m2) Volume (m3)
5
4
21 3,591 28,013
42 12000 1,53,000
3 55 18,162 3,25,236
2 62 16,612 2,65,418
1 86 40,906 10,92,910
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Project Strategy / Vision
Project Strategy / Vision
To offer pleasure, meaning and ecological significance by not making a theme park
To transform Singapore from Garden City to City in a Garden : A lush green city is
but still by connecting them to the natural world.
envisioned, with attractive new parks, verdant park connectors, as well as eyecatching vertical and high-rise greenery.
Design Concept
Design Concept
Biomimicry (Humans borrowing design and systems from nature).
Design is inspired by the string of bubbles.
management.
Site Area: 116 acres (Area under Biodome - 5.43 acre )
Form based development with fusion of nature, technology and environmental
Design is inspired by Orchid _ National Flower of the City .
Site Area: 130 acres (Area under Biodome – 5 acre )
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Site Layout showing basic Amenities:
Site Layout showing basic Amenities:
1
1
2
3 4 2
4
7
6 3
6
7
5 5
7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Tropical Biome Mediterranean Biome The Core - Education center Arena and stage Visitors center Outdoor Gardens Parking
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Flower Dome Cloud Dome Supertree Grove Super Tree with Restaurant The Meadow Dragonfly and Kingfisher Lake Parking
0
100m
300m
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Major Components:
Major Components:
Humid Tropical Biome
Warm Mediterranean Biome
Flower Dome
Supertree Grove
Cloud Dome
1. Humid Tropical Biome: Size : 55m (H) x 100m (B) x200m (L) Area : 15590 sq.m. , 3.85 acre Temperature : 13°C to 35°C Fauna : Tropical plants (Banana, coffee, rubber, giant bamboos)
1. Flower Dome : (Cool Dry Biome) Size : 38m (H) Area : 12140 sq.m. , 3 acre, 1.2 ha (approx. 2.2 football fields) Temperature : 23°C to 25°C Humidity : 60% to 80% Fauna : Plants from deserts all over the world, it showcases the adaptations of plants to arid environments.
2. Warm Mediterranean Biome: Size : 35m (H) x 65m (B) x 135m (L) Area : 6540 sq.m. , 1.61 acre Temperature : 9°C to 25°C Fauna : Plants growing in these warm temperate regions of the world. (brightly coloured flowers, gnarled olive trunks and bountiful vines)
2. Cloud Dome: (Cool Moist Biome) Size : 42m (H) Area : 8093.7sq.m. , 2 acre , 0.8 ha (approx. 1.5 football fields) Temperature : 23°C to 25°C Humidity : 80% to 90% Fauna : Plants from Tropical Montane regions between 1,000 to 3,500 meters above sea level. (Orchids, Ferns, Peacock ferns, Spike and Club mosses, Bromeliads and Anthuriums)
The Eden Project's Biomes contain more than a million plants representing 5,000 species from around the World.
3. Supertree Grove Area : 25 – 50 m (H) Fauna : Over 162,900 plants comprising more than 200 species and varieties of bromeliads, orchids, ferns and tropical flowering climbers will be plante on the 18 Supertrees.
Source: http://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/en/the-gardens/attractions/flower-dome.html#!/facts-figures
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Pine Trees
1. Humid Tropical Biome
Rubber Trees
Wild Banana Trees
1.Flower Dome
Giant bamboos
Coconut Trees
Bodhi Trees
Cultivated World’s
Highland Pitcher plant Rice Traveler's Palm Cocoa Trees
Baobab Village
2.Cloud Dome
2. Warm Mediterranean Biome Coral Bark Willow
Flower Bed
Olive Tree
Lost World Sky Walk Crystal Mountain Canopy Walk Forest Floor
Lavender
Grapevine
Pine Tree 1 1
Key Plan
2
Key Plan
2
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Construction Material :
Construction Material :
Domes - Steel Hexagonal Framing with ETFE (plastic) foil covering
Domes - Steel framing with glass panels
Supertree - Steel framing with Reinforcement concrete inner core
Conservatories shading device retracted
Conservatories shading device activated
Note : ETFE (Ethylene tetra fluoroethylene copolymer) •
It is strong, transparent and lightweight. It is also a better insulator than glass, and it is much more resistant to the weathering effects of sunlight.
•
A piece of ETFE weighs less than 1 percent of a piece of glass with the same volume.
Key Features:
Key Features:
1.
1. 2.
2. 3. 4.
Super insulation design by hexagonal cushions of 2 layers of ETFE thermal blanket Energy generation (Geothermal, solar and wind energy) Reduction of energy consumption by material and technology (Recycled materials , Sustainable construction ,Building Management Systems ) Rain Water harvesting
3. 4. 5.
Thermal stratification principle used in domes to reduce energy consumption. Supertrees with photovoltaic cells used to harvest solar energy for lighting up the Supertrees. Supertrees integrated with the Cooled conservatories serve as air exhaust receptacles. Rain water harvesting in Supertrees. Plant waste and other organic material used to generate electricity.
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Mechanism involved: Hot air purged to atmosphere
Moist warm expelled
Hot air from conservatory purged to supertree and atmosphere Wildlife connections
Glasshouse shading performed by supporting beamers 50% sun shaded by beams Rainwater collection and re-use
Breeze created at ground
Electricity generated for site and conservatory
Flue gases drive ventilation in supertrees
Fans located under walkways to create air movement
Irrigation to conservatory
Heat for dehumidifier Water storage and cleaning
Clean water discharged to reservoir
Irrigation New plant material for gardens and market Bio-waste from gardens Greenwaste burnt to create power from gardens
Fertilizer
Ash from biomass furnace used for fertilizers
Seedlings and cuttings
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Project Timeline:
1995 Visualization and early sketches 1998 Construction started 2000 Soil preparation and procurement of plants 2001 Construction completed and Project launches 2005 Education center
2009 Opens as wedding Venue
2014 On-site accommodation
2003 Conceptualization 2006 Design competition for Bay South Garden (Flower Dome, Cloud Dome, Super Trees) 2007 Construction started 2008 Procurement of plants
2011 Opening of Bay East Garden( Series of Tropical leaf shaped Gardens), Construction of Flower dome completed 2012 Opening of the Bay South Garden 2013 Opening of Restaurant (Satay by the Bay)
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Program Distribution: (Site area = 116 acres)
Program Distribution: (Site area = 130 acres)
Space Distribution 1. Biodomes 2. Other built structures 3. Lakes / waterbodies 4. Landscape 5. Parking 6. Pathways
5
6 1 2 3
5.5acre, 4.8% 2.5 acre ,2.1% 0.5 acres, 0.5% 90 acre ,77.6% 9.5 acres,8.2% 8 acre, 6.8%
Space Distribution 1. Biodomes 2. Supertree Grove1.5 acre, 1.1% 3. Other built structures 4. Lakes / waterbodies 5. Landscape 6. Parking 7. Pathways
4
6
7 12 3
5 acre, 3.8% 4
9.5 acre, 7.3 % 15 acre, 11.6% 81.4 acres, 62.6% 10.2 acre,7.7% 7.4 acres, 5.7%
5
1
1
Open and Covered spaces 1. Built structures 8 acres,6.8% 2. Open space
Open and Covered spaces 1. Built structures 16 acre , 12.3% 2. Open space
114acre, 87.7%
108 acre,93.1% 2
2
1
Revenue and Non Revenue spaces 1. Revenue generating spaces 2. Non Revenue generating spaces
17.5 acre, 15% 98.5 acres, 85% 2
Revenue and Non Revenue spaces 1. Revenue generating spaces 2. Non Revenue generating spaces
1
26.2 acre,20.1% 103.8 acre ,79.9%
2
CASE REFERENCE _Biodomes
EDEN PROJECT, England
GARDEN BY THE BAY (Bay South Garden) , Singapore
Economics :
Economics :
Project Construction Cost (Rs.):
Project Construction Cost (Rs.) :
14,079 million
42,127 million
No of Visitors (per day) :
No of Visitors (per day): 3,513
Ticket Fare (Rs.):
1,636
Annual Income: Total available income _2009 (Rs.)
2,196 million
Annual Income: Total available income _2009 (Rs.)
1,663 million
Visitor related income Gift aid Other income generating activity Fundraising activity / donations
(64%) (7%) (10%) (19%)
Visitor related income Rentals and venue hires Education, tours & merchandise Sponsorship and donations Car park
(72%) (12%) (7%) (5%) (4%)
Annual Expenditure: Total expenditure _2009 (Rs.)
2,045 million
Ticket Fare (Rs.):
Annual Expenditure: Total expenditure _2009 (Rs.) Charitable projects & public education Site services and maintenance Governance and administration Other expenditure
2,396million (72%) (19%) (5%) (4%)
19% 10% 64% 7%
5% 4%
19% 72%
Staff and related expenses Pre-operating expenses Maintenance Horticultural works Utilities Other expenses Rental for Bay South
(31%) (19%) (16%) (8%) (8%) (7%) (5%)
5%4% 7%
12% 72%
5% 8%
4% 31%
8% 16%
19%
NOTE: Revenue generating spaces = Biodomes, Education center, Restaurant and Souvenir shop = 500 people
Source : http://www.edenproject.com/sites/default/files/documents/annual-review-2008-09.pdf http://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/content/dam/gbb/en/images/homepage/GB%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%20(FA).pdf