The Porch : A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation by Chattanooga Design Studio

THE PORCH A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation February 2022

Contents Acknowledgments

1. Project Introduction 2. Public Space, Public Life Data 3. Community Engagement Feedback & Design Observations 4. Public Space Design Recommendations

3 15 37 57

Appendices

The Porch The Porch / A Public / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Acknowledgments Prepared for Chattanooga Design Studio Eric Myers Executive Director

Chattanooga Design Studio is an independent non-profit community resource that promotes excellence in urban design through education, facilitation, and collaboration.

Lindsey Willke Urban Design Coordinator Beverly Bell Urban Designer Prepared by WMWA Landscape Architects Matt Whitaker Thomas Brown Hayden Hammons Ryan Wang Gehl Olivia Flynn Geoff Dyck Nina Cecilie HØjholdt Special thanks to Genesis the Greykid Erika Roberts Jules Downum Chloe Kilpatrick

WMWA is a landscape architecture firm based in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Since our founding in 2013, we have been committed to providing high quality, regionally significant planning, site design, project administration, and consulting. We strive to create designs of integrity that are timeless, serve the needs of clients, enhance the well-being of all living things, and honor our philosophy.

Gehl brings several decades of experience working with cities and engaging people. Since 2000, when Gehl was established as an urban design practice, we have been committed to balancing idealism with pragmatism to ensure our work has the greatest impact in ‘making cities for people’.

The project team includes the YMCA of Metropolitan Chattanooga, The Enterprise Center, Chattanooga Department of Transportation, Chattanooga Design Studio, The Chattanooga Public Library, and Patten Towers Community. The project was made possible with funding from the City of Chattanooga and from the Made to Move grant program from Degree and Blue Zones, LLC.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

1. Project Introduction

The Porch The Porch / A Public / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

1. Project Introduction 2015 Innovation District established

Project Overview

Report Introduction

The Patten Porch pilot project focuses on the engagement, design, and implementation of a community-first design process in Chattanooga, Tennessee. With the highest residential density in downtown Chattanooga, the historic Patten Towers apartments provides affordable housing for hundreds of the City’s most underserved and vulnerable citizens.

This report organizes the findings of the postoccupancy evaluation process of the Patten Porch pilot project. This document begins with a brief introduction to the project, highlighting the major milestones and influences that characterized the original design process. This report then offers a thorough analysis of Gehl’s quantitative data collection and the relevant findings and key insights discovered through WMWA’s qualitative data collection and community engagement. Lastly, this report provides design recommendations that suggest the immediate, mid-range, and long-term adjustments for the Porch and how these same strategies could be applied to other areas within downtown Chattanooga.

For those who call Patten Towers home, generational cycles of disinvestment and negative bias have cultivated a perception that mischaracterizes those who inhabit this public space. The design team was especially cognizant of the misapprehensions that existed between the two groups, and thus, recognized an opportunity to develop an adaptable, inclusive, and transparent design process that prioritized community participation. Through open and honest dialogue, the design team and the Patten Towers community worked together to overcome these constraints by forging a relationship founded in mutual trust and respect. The resulting design is a physical expression of the community imprinted upon the downtown footprint and serves as an inspiring example of a community asserting their right of civic ownership over beautiful and hospitable public spaces.

2017 Bingo’s Market Sidewalk pilot paint & benches

2018 Elmington purchases Patten Towers & begins renovation

2019 Gehl completes Public Realm Action Plan WMWA & Genesis the Greykid are hired to lead the design and installation of The Porch

2020 The Porch pilot project installed

2021 Fire at Patten Towers temporarily displaces Patten Towers’ residents WMWA & Gehl perform post occupancy evaluation of The Porch

Patten Towers Erected in 1908 as Chattanooga’s newest luxury destination, the opening of the Hotel Patten was viewed as a crowning achievement for the industrious progress made by the City. Sited at an important intersection between continentalwide passenger and freight train lines, developers hoped to attract the hordes of travelers with world-class accommodations. For nearly threequarters of a century, the Hotel Patten’s presence in the landscape served as a physical reminder of Chattanooga’s vision for its urban spaces in the twentieth century. However, as the once prosperous rail industry receded in Chattanooga, Patten was closed and converted into Section 8 housing by the late 1970s. As planning efforts to revive Downtown Chattanooga erupted in the 1990s, the rebranded Patten Towers was neglected. This omission was the result of a negative stigma surrounding the building, its residents, and their place within the new Chattanooga. The story of “The Porch” project chronicles the time and place where the City and its residents acknowledged the disparities at Patten Towers and attempted to reconcile past shortcomings. Early efforts to activate the public space began in 2017 with a pilot initiative for a healthy corner market ‘Bingos’ spearheaded by the YMCA of Metropolitan Chattanooga. Working with local artists the corner market added colorful benches and sidewalk paint to brighten the space. In a change of building ownership the market briefly closed, by 2019 the grand reopening set the stage for a successful new partnership and longer term success of the important ground floor market along Georgia Avenue.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

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1. Project Introduction

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Gehl — Making Cities for People

02 BUS STOP HOTSPOTS

7th Street

From these sessions, 3 pilots rose to the top for early activation: They measured that(1) the public space(2)outside of The Generator; Bus Stop Patten Towers was aHotspots; thriving(3) gathering space The Porch.

for those inside of the Patten community, as well as a destination for individuals from the greater Chattanooga area who were stopping to visit. However, it quickly became apparent that a stark disparity existed between the social and cultural significance of the space and the public amenities afforded to this community to outfit it.

Chestnut Street

Pine Street

Stemming from the vision set forth by Where District to start? Framework Plan Chattanooga’s Innovation in 2018, the need to foster improvements to the on the data collected during an public realm across Based the City’s urban core became the PSPL survey, combined essential principle to the planning efforts. with an understanding of potential This objective materialized into the Public Realm partnership and funding Action Plan, in whichopportunities, funding wasa range provided to of six pilot develop a vision for project three distinct pilot projects. “hunches” were identified One of the three study was assessed andareas workshopped with the by a collaboration between the Enterprise Center, the Core Team, the key stakeholder Committee, and who Chattanooga DesignInnovation Studio, and Gehl Studio, community focus groups. through their study proposed “The Porch” pilot concept.

Lookout Street

6th Street

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12th Street

FUTURE PILOT PROJECT

Chattanooga Innovation District Public Realm Action Plan, Early Activation Pilot Areas, Gehl110 2019

A Community Led Process The process for this project prioritized a high level of community involvement and input from the beginning and throughout to ensure the design met the needs and desires of the Patten Towers’ residents and surrounding community. Initial community engagement was done through a diverse range of activities designed to build relationships and gather data from residents and community members. It was learned through early engagement efforts that many residents did not spend time in their outdoor space because they felt a lack of safety and comfort due to several factors. After gathering initial data through these preliminary engagement efforts, the project team hired a professional design team to continue engagement efforts and create a community-informed design for the site. Through an RFP process, the community selection committee selected a collaborative design team consisting of WMWA Landscape Architects and artist Genesis the Greykid to lead the site design and further community engagement. To ensure a creative approach to the design and engagement process, applying design teams were required to collaborate with an artist. The design team started out with several different types of community engagement exercises led by Genesis to build on previous efforts and gather more input with Patten Towers’ residents and community members. From this continued engagement, the design team learned that the Patten Towers’ residents and surrounding community imagined more color, greenery, safety from vehicles, play features for families, versatile seating options, shade, and places for games.

A lot of people want to change this area because it’s a “hot spot.” Do they wanna make this pretty for us or for them(tourist)?

Need a proper day room, sidewalk mural art, area to smoke, better benches, plants, and flowers.

Tenants are afraid to complain in fear of being kicked out of Patten Towers.

Need a proper day room, sidewalk mural art, area to smoke, better benches, plants, and flowers.

Booths on Georgia Avenue, if you can close it off for good or at least a few days a week for Pattens tenants.

Benches outside become a place where addicts and dealers cross and meet.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Project 1. Project Introduction Introduction

Engagement With a keen awareness of the skepticism often held by underserved communities during “improvement” projects, the design team elevated the role of engagement as the primary design method, which provided participants the space to air past grievances, hear a diversity of perspectives, and curate consensus and a united vision for the future. Led by Genesis the Greykid, a local artist and poet, the process began with a series of “micro sessions”, in which members of the design team and the Patten community spent two hours together each day for a week. These meetings were casual and stripped of any pretense, as the objective was to provide a space for everyone to speak openly and truthfully about their experiences. Adopting the artist’s methodology, the next iteration of engagement creatively channeled the themes of those initial conversations through artistic expression. Participants were encouraged to speak from their hearts through poetry, storytelling, and sketching. These activities were instrumental in overcoming communication barriers and discovering thematic inspiration for programming and design intention.

Poetry and sketches produced by residents during the engagement process. The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

1. Project Introduction

Design Process As part of the engagement process, the design team moderated a series of creative exercises to spark a conversation focused on reimagining the physical form of the public space at Patten Towers. After designing three initial concepts, the design team developed interactive engagement strategies, like the “Resource Allocation Exercise,” to distill several abstract ideas into a single, tangible experience. During this exercise, participants were presented a list of interventions, given a limited amount of funding, and asked to allocate their funds based on their preferences. Design elements like more green space, the incorporation of bright colors, and a greater diversity of seating options were quickly prioritized. This approach was instrumental in formalizing a hierarchy of design interventions and created an opening for the community to forge a sense of ownership of the final product. Marking the end of the process of discovery and refinement, the design team presented the final design package to the Patten community for feedback and direction before implementation.

Conceptual development graphics illustrating the three initial concepts and the final integrated design. 10

Pilot Project Implementation The design team executed a complex process of implementation of the design, collaborating with Patten residents, custom fabricators, local artists, volunteers, and government officials. At the city scale, the design established a hierarchy of interventions by designating the immediate public space outside of Patten Towers as a primary hub, while the placement of secondary “outposts” emanating from the central gathering space were employed to stitch the design into the larger urban footprint. While this approach formalized the organization of the design, it played a much bigger role in the eyes of the Patten community. In the past, many had felt unwelcome in these spaces and voiced their desire to be included. Therefore, the design reclaimed their right to these public spaces and established a reciprocal relationship in which the Patten community and the citizens of Chattanooga could feel invited to move between these areas without hesitation.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

1. Project Introduction

Design Elements The repetition of design elements across each of these spaces provided cohesion and offered legibility. A colorful mosaic of curvilinear forms intersected by linear strips were painted within the surrounding streets, crosswalks, and sidewalks, animating the muted ground plane with hues of yellow, blue, and green. In contrast, red and orange movable Adirondacks and metal and wooden tables and chairs provided a variety of semi-permanent seating options, while custom fabricated wooden and concrete benches offered a more permanent solution for the space. Additionally, red and orange custom fabricated swings and leaning rails provided a diversity of active and passive programming opportunities. The incorporation of several electrical outlets, highspeed Wi-Fi, and a working phone booth supplied residents with free access to public utilities. Large concrete planters accompanied by a variety of smaller red and orange planters were placed throughout the space and filled with over 20 native plant species.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data:

A Quantitative Analysis of Public Life Patterns Led by Gehl

The Porch The Porch / A Public / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data

People moving

Methods Gehl trained the Chattanooga Design Studio and WMWA to create public life surveys and record observations, using Gehl’s Public Life App. The team conducted three different studies—observing public life during an event, over the course of one weekday and on one weekend day. In addition to collecting data on public life and public space, WMWA and Chattanooga Design Studio have been conducting an engagement process with residents to understand people’s perceptions and experiences as they relate to The Porch. Observations took place on Friday, October 23rd (event day), Saturday, November 6, and Wednesday, November 10, 2021

People spending time

Key Insights Summary

A public life gem in Downtown The Porch has dramatically changed the public life profile of people spending time outside Patten Towers.

A hub for older adults The Porch is successful in inviting seniors to spend time.

Human comfort guides where people are spending time People are drawn to the building edge where they can have their backs protected and be in the sun.

A dynamic place for group gatherings The Porch is a platform for sociable activities and group get-togethers.

An everyday space and an event venue People are drawn to the building edge where they can have their backs protected and be in the sun.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data

The Porch is a public life gem In 2018 we observed 28 people spending time over the course of a weekday in the public space outside Patten Towers. That’s fewer than 3 people per hour during our observations. With The Porch pilot transforming the space, in 2021 we observed 150 people – 6x more spending time.

Weekdays in 2021 vs 2018

The public life profile has changed dramatically Since the installation of The Porch, the space has seen significant changes in who is spending time outside Patten Towers, when people are visiting, and how the space is being used.

Gender in 2021 vs 2018

2018

Age in 2021 vs 2018

2021

Activity in 2021 vs 2018

Some of the changes to public life outside Patten Towers include: higher stationary activity volumes, greater gender balance and age diversity of people spending time, a significant increase in seniors spending time, and a more diverse range of stationary activities.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 2. Public Space, DataPublic Analysis Life Data

People are drawn to the building’s edge Human comfort guides where people spend time, and at The Porch, the seating along the edges is the most magnetic place. It provides ample sunlight, clear sightlines to the activity on the street, and a comfortable seating height for all ages. The edges provide the creature comforts people crave.

The perimeter of Patten Towers has a gravitational pull The diagram here indicates the density of people hugging the edge of the building, compared to the spaces closer to the intersection. A number of factors may be contributing to this distribution, including the edge’s pleasant micro-climate, proximity to active frontages, and a sense of protection. One dot represents one person spending time * Edge seating defined as 5 feet from the edge

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data

There are a few different edge conditions at The Porch inviting people to linger

Sitting Informal Sitting Public Bench One dot represents one person spending time

Informal edge seating The draw to spend time along the building’s edge is strong enough to invite people even when there is not a formal seat. This map indicates in gold where the distribution of people spending time on an informal seat are. An informal seat is a ledge or another pilot element that was not explicitly designed for seating. We find most informal seating is occurring along the building edge. Sitting Informal Sitting Public Bench One dot represents one person spending time

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data

Microclimate People spending time at The Porch are following the sun. People move to ensure they’re in a comfortable microclimate in the colder months. Before 11am, 11th Street receives better sunlight, and sees more people spending time. In the afternoon, the corner of Georgia Avenue and 11th Street is where the sun and the most people spending time are seen. In addition to sunlight, temperature is a clear driver of activity. It should be noted that Saturday was much colder than Wednesday and stationary volumes reflected the change in weather. Surveyors noted that most people observed on Saturday were taking part in strictly necessary activities such as construction work or taking a smoke break.

A chart comparing average temperature and the average number of occupants

Movement vs stationary activity The success of The Porch as a public space has the unintended effect of impinging on sidewalk space. Both Georgia Avenue and 11th Street see pinch points narrower than 6 feet. This is a good problem to have. Walking space can be made more generous by iterating on the design of the pilot.

This map shows total movement volumes, weekday and weekend combined.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 2. Public Space, DataPublic Analysis Life Data

The Porch is dynamic place for group gatherings and engaging conversations Sociable behavior is the primary motivator for how people are spending time at The Porch. People are spending time in groups of 2+ and are largely spending their time in conversation with one another.

People are spending time in groups Across the weekday and the weekend, 2/3 of people observed spending time at The Porch are doing so in a group. As the maps indicate, groups of people spending time tend to cluster on the edges of the building in a few concentrated areas while those spending time alone tend to do so throughout The Porch. One dot represents one person spending time

People spending time alone are more spread out across the pilot

People spending time in groups are clustered around a few key places along the edges of the building

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data

The Porch

Miller Park

~1 per 250ft2

~1 per 10,0000ft2

Market Street

Trafalgar Square

The scale of space lends itself to social interaction An average of 1 person spending time for every 250 square feet of space is a good indicator of a public space feeling full without feeling overcrowded. On average (on weekdays), The Porch reaches this ratio, making it a sociable atmosphere. 57% of people spending time at The Porch are having a conversation. 78% of people spending time are in conversation or in a group.

~1 per 250ft2

Georgia Avenue caters to larger crowds while 11th Street accommodates pairs and small groups The openness of the corner of Georgia Avenue and 11th Street allows for the dynamism of larger groups to spend time. There is enough space for groups of 5 or more to gather, move around, pull up seating, and change postures. The small scale of 11th Street caters more towards pairs. This space provides seating arrangements for smaller, more intimate conversations. It also presents opportunities for people spending time alone to be ‘socially solo’ — proximate to a small group without being directly involved in the conversation. One dot represents one person spending time

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 2. Public Space, DataPublic Analysis Life Data

The Porch is a hub for seniors in Downtown Chattanooga The Porch is succeeding at inviting older adults to spend time. This is a unique and exciting success of The Porch. Cities and public spaces around the world struggle to provide spaces comfortable enough to entice seniors to spend time. This is something The Porch is doing well.

Seniors are spending time 1 in 3 people spending time on a weekday in 2021 were seniors. During the weekday observation in 2018, seniors were not observed spending time outside Patten Towers at all. As the map illustrates, seniors are mostly spending time in edge seating as opposed to other furnishings of the pilot. One dot represents one person spending time 0-4 15-24 25-64 65+

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

2. Public Space, Public Life Data

The pilot is successful in inviting residents to spend time but there are still some groups of neighbors missing The age and gender dynamics of those spending time at The Porch more closely match the demographics of people living in the building than were observed spending time in 2018. When looking to the larger community, there is an opportunity to invite younger members of the neighborhood to spend time at The Porch. Observational data is from stationary counts, weekday and weekend combined. Neighborhood data is based on 2017 census data from the same tract as Patten Towers. *Age categories do not match up perfectly so data may show larger gaps in age groups. Data sources: https://www.chattadata.org/dataset/2017-Tract-Population Sex/u4eg-etxc; https://www.chattadata.org/dataset/2017-TractPopulation-by Age/qav3-5 96a

2021 Observations

Observations compared to 2018 observations

Seniors 144% percent change

Females 10% percent change

Observations compared to those living in the building

Fewer Seniors (65+) More Young Adults (15 - 24)

= Females = Males

Observations compared to those living in the neighborhood

More Seniors (65+) Fewer Young Adults (15 - 24) Fewer Kids + Babies (0 - 14)

More Females

Trans and Nonbinary residents not observed

More Males

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 2. Public Space, DataPublic Analysis Life Data

The Porch is supporting its residents with both a vibrant everyday amenity and an event space The Porch is a flexible canvas. The everyday public life profile of The Porch shows activity balance throughout the day, without dramatic highs and lows. On event days, the space transforms and invites people to reimagine how they use The Porch.

Few peaks and valleys The Porch is an all day amenity without any clear preference for morning, midday, or afternoon. There is also more of a weekday preference, which would further indicate that The Porch has been incorporated into residents’ daily rituals. However, the weekend was much colder which impacts people’s decision to stay and spend time. It is important to note the change in weather likely contributed to the variance of stationary volumes.

Pedestrianization and programming Events change the way The Porch is used. When Georgia Avenue is closed to traffic, people are invited to use the whole street as public space. When programming like music and food are brought into the space, there is a greater distribution of how people spend their time at The Porch. Civic work Eating / Drinking In conversation Observing / People watching Other

Play (all ages) Reading / Writing Using electronics Waiting in line

Numbers show average hourly number of people staying. Graphs show breakdown of the activities people observed staying are partaking in. The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

3. Community Engagement Feedback & Design Observations: A Qualitative Summary of User Feedback Led by WMWA

The Porch The Porch / A Public / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

3. Community Engagement Feedback & Design Observations

Engagement Methods Block Party As a kickoff event for the post-occupancy evaluation process, a block party was held at the Porch on October 22, 2021. The purpose of this event was to invite the former and current Patten residents back to the Porch following the March 2021 fire. In addition, the previous project committee and attendees of startup week were invited to diversify the user groups in attendance. The event included a dance party, food trucks, art activities, and tabletop games. The Design Studio organized the engagement activities with poster boards that prompted Patten residents to identify their favorite activities and locations at the Porch. Coffee Talk Facilitated by the Design Studio, the coffee talks occurred every Wednesday morning during the evaluation timeline. These events invited Patten residents and local visitors to engage in conversation over coffee and donuts. Like the micro-sessions, the coffee talks were informal and introduced conversational topics that focused on the resident’s experiences away from Patten Towers, their current living conditions, and their feelings about the Porch.

Workshop In keeping with the coffee talk format, the project team and the Patten residents engaged in a workshop on December 8, 2021. The participants shared coffee and breakfast and evaluated the design and emerging social dynamics of the Porch. This workshop created a platform for the Patten residents to offer honest feedback to the project team, while also engaging the new residents who were not previously included in the initial design discussions. Post Cards As a more passive engagement strategy, weekly postcards were distributed to the Patten residents to illicit feedback. These postcards typically consisted of trivia questions, brain teasers, and specific questions related to the Porch.

Photos showcasing a variety of engagement methods at the Porch The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 3. Community Data Engagement Analysis Feedback & Design Observations

When

The Porch is used consistently, though mostly by those familiar with the Patten Towers community

“I have to work throughout the day, so I don’t really use The Porch”

Mid-day lull The post card responses completed by the Patten residents validates the PSPL results that indicate when they use the site. The most popular times are during transition hours, when people are coming and going in the morning and evening. As seen in the PSPL, mid-day hours see the lowest number of users despite several tables that could be used by lunch crowds. This may be attributed to fewer residents being around (work, errands, etc.) and the lack of take-out food options close by.

When do you hang out at the Porch?

32% Evening

Resident turnover affects usage When asked how often they use the site, the residents had a variety of responses. The results suggest two major observations. First, the “almost never” group most likely represents the newer residents or those residents that do not get along with the existing clique. It will be important to engage and include this group during the next design cycle. Secondly, the “almost every day” group most likely participated in the initial design process and implementation. These observations are validated by conversations with newer residents who have not had an opportunity to use the space or don’t yet feel welcome.

26% Afternoon

32% Morning

10% Mid-day

How often do you hang out at the Porch?

36% Almost never

14% Once a month

29% Almost everyday 14% 2-3 times /week

7% once a week

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 3. Community Data Engagement Analysis Feedback & Design Observations

Where

A variety of spatial scales, microclimates, and seating options offer a diversity of spaces for users to choose

“The Market Street side feels unsafe”

Where do you spend time at the Porch? “the library, using the computers to do research and pass time”

Engaged but not exposed The data and feedback from residents suggests that users feel exposed at the intersection of Market Street and Georgia Avenue, and thus generally avoid this area. The users typically responded well to the seating options that are located along the perimeter of the building because their backs are protected and visibility is maximized. These edges provide a vantage point to observe the bustling city life around Patten Towers without feeling vulnerable.

“bike racks - I stop there on my way to work”

“it’s nice being outside and swinging” “11th Street side with my bike and the ledge”

“the long bench - I can go from one end to the other and it’s fun”

“the benches - they are comfortable” “the chairs on 11th Street”

People also like that there are spaces sized for larger groups, smaller groups, and individuals. This variety in scale keeps users from feeling forced into an uncomfortable social setting.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

3. Community Engagement Feedback & Design Observations

Comfort is paramount In conversations with residents, the primary driver in use is comfort. Whether in reference to other users or the physical space, feeling comfortable is of upmost importance. As seen in the PSPL survey, people follow comfortable microclimates, and residents appreciate that The Porch offers both shady and sunny spots. Users also like the various seating options, though many seniors suggest fewer lower-sitting Adirondack chairs as they are more difficult for the elderly and those with physical disabilities.

The walking path is narrow and feels like you’re invading private space

Conditions along Georgia Avenue discourage movement through the space Along the east side of Georgia Avenue, the walking surface is often narrow, and most non-Patten users typically walk around the main seating space to avoid interfering with those gathered at the corner. Foot traffic along the west side of Georgia Avenue is abruptly interrupted by the Pickle Barrel’s restricted seating area, which forces pedestrians into the street.

Furnishings may impede desire lines while larger groups discourage passersby

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 3. Community Data Engagement Analysis Feedback & Design Observations

Who

Residents are the most frequent users of the Porch

“Anyone is welcome here!”

A communal space for Patten Towers A goal of the design process was to make the Porch a place that felt comfortable and inviting for the residents of Patten Towers. In that regard, the Porch is a great success. Most users are either residents or their friends and family. Tenants use the Porch as a communal gathering space as well as a private retreat. As suggested in the PSPL survey, the redesign has allowed for a wider range of users, particularly seniors. While the Porch is serving the Patten Towers community well, adjustments that welcome visitors and non-residents would create a more robust and approachable public space. Non-residents tend to move through the space, though they will occasionally take a turn on the swing or sit while taking a phone call. While the pilot interventions have alleviated some of the homeless visitors, individuals will still periodically sleep on the long benches. As designers and Patten Towers community members collaborate on future iterations of the Porch, it will be critical to define how the design works to reinforce the communal nature of the space while prioritizing safety.

Who do you usually hang out with at the Porch? 0

# of Responses 10 15

Friends Residents Myself Family/Spouse God

Do you ever interact with new people at The Porch?

Yes 57%

Occasionally 36%

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

No 7%

Quantitative 3. Community Data Engagement Analysis Feedback & Design Observations

How

Users see the Porch as a safe and beautiful space, leading to a wide range of uses

“I really like the leaning rail, people used it the moment it was installed”

The Porch supports both passive and active programming People use the Porch in a variety of ways. While a majority of users engage in passive activities, such as people watching, sitting, smoking, and relaxing, the space also hosts community events and larger gatherings. Socializing and swinging are some of the other popular uses of the Porch. During the engagement and development phase, residents asked the design team for places to play board games and eat. Larger tables were provided for the residents to accomodate their wishes, but these uses weren’t often observed. This outcome will likely change once the warmer days in spring and summer provide a more comfortable setting for these types of activities.

How do you use the Porch?

Visit with family

Watch traffic

Sit

Hang out Pray

Swing

People watch

Attend events Use phone

Smoke

Relax Drink coffee

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 3. Community Data Engagement Analysis Feedback & Design Observations

Why

The Porch provides a space for everyday activities

“The colors of the sidewalk look like a children’s playground”

This is why I spend time at the Porch

A space that lives up to its name From the beginning, the Porch was envisioned as just that---a Porch. It would become a space between the private and public that felt like an extension of the Patten Towers community. Firsthand observations and conversations with residents reveal that the design team was successful in this endeavor. Aside from the occasional block party, the Porch is a place for everyday activities, where neighbors relax, smoke, meet loved ones, eat, play, and live together. Some people find the Porch too loud or unsafe. This is likely due to nearby traffic. Future interventions should focus on more protected areas away from the bustle of Market Street. Continued conversations with residents could also reveal additional programming that should be provided.

For fresh air

To smoke

To meet family/friends

To eat/ drink

To exercise/ swing

To play games

This is why I don’t go to the Porch

Too loud

Prefer somewhere else

Doesn’t feel safe

It’s not for me

Don’t know what to do

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Quantitative 3. Community Data Engagement Analysis Feedback & Design Observations

What

The Porch is multi-faceted and all parts are well used, though improvements can still be made

“I love the swings and would love to see some more flowers”

Safe and welcoming When asked to describe their feelings about the Porch, most residents responded positively, with over 80% of respondents stating that they felt safe and great about the space. In contrast, nearly 20% of the residents expressed their concerns about the Porch, voicing that they felt overwhelmed and unsafe. These numbers represent a vast improvement when compared to the site’s previous condition, which residents found unwelcoming and dangerous. Residents believe that the beautification efforts and improved usability have built confidence and fostered belonging within the Patten Towers community.

The Porch makes me feel . . .

41% Safe 41% Great

9% Unsafe

9% Overwhelmed

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

3. Community Engagement Feedback & Design Observations

SWING

SEATING

Improvements have been well received by users Enthusiasm is high for the Porch. Users have expressed a deep appreciation for many of the updates, most notably the swings, seating, and sidewalk paint. In general, residents are proud of the renovation and have a greater sense of ownership in the space. The images to the right reflect what the residents like most about the Porch. The size of the image corresponds with the popularity of the element.

PEOPLE

TABLES

SIDEWALK

ENTRANCE

PLANTS

FRESH AIR

CLEANLINESS

Photographs of the most popular design elements. 54

What would you like to see added the public space?

Ongoing refinement While the Porch is an upgrade to the public space outside Patten Towers, there are still opportunities for refinement. Improving seating options was a common response for residents who feel benches and chair should be more comfortable for older individuals. Several users also suggest a more robust maintenance program to reduce litter, improve the quality of planting, and fix broken furniture. Safety is an on-going concern. Unlawful behavior appears to be down, however some residents would feel more comfortable if there was a greater police presence and more improved safety infrastructure. The sidewalk is also showing its age. As many Patten Towers residents are older or have mobility disabilities, a larger scale renovation of the paved surface is needed to improve accessibility and reduce tripping hazards.

different seating

better safety measures between pedestrians and vehicles

more play options

a better maintenance routine

more flowers

more in person police presence via bike patrol more tabletops public safety measures such as better lighting, cameras, etc.

higher chairs to sit in cigarette disposal cans

improved sidewalk conditions

What would you like to see removed from the public space?

seating because there is too much out there

the sidewalk paint

the swings

seating because I don’t like the type that’s out there

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

4. Public Space Design Recommendations

The Porch The Porch / A Public / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

4. Public Space Design Recommendations

Design for the seasons Emphasize opportunities for enclosure during the cooler months to extend the season and hours of operation at the Porch. •

• • •

Install an overhead canopy or string lighting to reflect and mimic the sun. Take inspiration from local precedent of reflective canopies deployed in Chattanooga Passageways. Provide three sided enclosures where most people are spending time Deploy creative programming that focuses on light and motion. Create refuge in the summer — invest in simple, movable umbrellas to deploy where shade canopy is not sufficient.

Design for seniors Make it even easier for seniors to spend time. Increase the number of seats that are accessible to seniors and make it effortless for seniors to get to and from The Porch. • • • • •

Consider replacing some Adirondack chairs in favor of seating that is a more comfortable height. Favor seating material that does not conduct the cold – wood or plastic are preferable over metal and concrete. Make the swing more approachable to seniors by providing a wider seat that has a back. Introduce a raised crosswalk to create a continuous sidewalk from Georgia Ave to Market Street. Introduce pilot elements that give seniors an opportunity for hands-on activities, such converting planters to raised gardening beds.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

4. Public Space Design Recommendations

Program for age diversity Introduce programming with intentional intergenerational mixing to invite younger age demographics to The Porch. • •

•

Collaborate with local high schools or youth groups to bring intergenerational community gardening to The Porch. Capitalize on the sociability of the space and invite seniors to share and record their stories with one another and younger community members. Introduce programming with light movement and music that appeals to a range of age groups.

AARP Best Practices on Intergenerational Gardening Programs here Resources for DIY StoryCorps recording sessions are here

Great public spaces are never finished This evaluation provides recommendations for the next iteration of The Porch pilot project. Alongside any design or programming adjustments, public life data should be collected to measure success against the benchmarks set in this study and the study completed in 2018. 4-8 weeks after design and programming adjustments have been made, collect public life data. Evaluation should happen no earlier than 4 weeks after The Porch 2.0 has been installed to ensure that the user groups have had adequate time to use and evaluate the space. Public life data collection and activations to date Future phases of data collection and activations

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

4. Public Space Design Recommendations

Immediate adjustments (<1 year) E1

There are several immediate adjustments that could be made to improve the aesthetic and functional qualities of the Porch:

Ave . rgia Geo

The adjacent diagram identifies seven zones for mid-range interventions. These improvements require more capital, coordination, and time, but are achievable over the next few years. Updates aim to address specific comments from the Porch users: Zone A - Create more space for social flexibility Consider opening space up at the knuckle of the Porch to accommodate more flexible group dynamics. Decrease the number of fixed elements in this area to enhance porosity and replace them with more light weight movable seating.

Ave .

B bia

Mid-range interventions (1-3 years)

•

St.

Col

• • •

C G

Broad St.

•

Identify major desire lines and shift movable furniture outside of desire lines Relocate Adirondacks to Miller Park and public library outposts Repair and replace broken movable furniture Repair payphone and electrical outlet Evaluate and replace plants during the following planting cycle Clean sidewalk and touch up sidewalk paint in high use areas

Market St.

•

0th

1th

St.

W 11th St. 0

Public Library

E 10

Diagram highlighting zones for mid-range interventions 62

• • • • •

Explore cushion options for the benches to improve comfort. Explore options to relocate street sign and trash can to open up the space and allow for greater flexibility. Explore lighting options that encourage use during nighttime hours. Explore outdoor heating options for winter. Introduce a buffered and planted corner by replacing the lean bar with planters. Move lean bar closer to Bingo’s at the mid-block for people who might want to stand with a coffee on their own.

Zone B - Identify space for respite Complement the Porch’s larger group sociability with spaces that also provide for individuals seeking quieter moments. Consider the midblock of Georgia Ave as a place to focus and test space for residents to recharge. • •

Consider moving the swings to be closer to one another, allowing pairs to swing together. Create a parklet on Georgia Avenue. Help define a separate space for residents wanting a quieter space to claim as their own.

Zone D - Extend the Porch to existing gathering spaces Incorporate Porch elements near the lobby entrance and along the eastern edge of 11th Street. These areas see significant use and provide unique experiences and environments for residents. • • •

Engage with residents to determine which element and furniture are most appropriate for this zone. Maintain a clear zone for pedestrian traffic at the lobby entrance. Consider establishing a more defined “Drop-Off” zone for pick-up services and deliveries.

Zone E - Stitch into the surrounding context Work with nearby businesses, land owners, and the City to better weave the Porch into the Innovation District. Better integration will make the Porch feel more accessible to non-residents and diversify programming. • •

Close Georgia Avenue to through traffic and reclaim for usable public space. Maintain access for delivery, construction, and emergency vehicles. Explore designs to ensure that the sidewalk features blend into Georgia Avenue. Collaborate with Pickle Barrel to create a cohesive design language (sidewalk treatment, furniture, planters, etc.).

Zone C - Provide space for social intimacy Build on the behaviors taking place on 11th Street by providing more space for smaller groups and pairs to gather.

•

Zone F - Improve streetscape Create a more welcoming and comfortable streetscape along Columbia Avenue by incorporating street tree plantings and furniture. This corridor is currently underused and could provide an additional space for residents to use. Columbia Avenue is generally used less by cars and could become an option for those looking for a more quiet retreat. • Collaborate with CDOT to explore new street designs.

• • • •

Formalize the edge. Adding a wood top to the ledge with backing to enhance the comfort of this popular seating area. Explore the opportunity for a parklet. Relieve the sidewalk of crowding and provide more space for the groups of 1-2 spending time here. Remove furniture adjacent to light pole and parking meter. Install cigarette disposals. Relocate movable furniture to the Patten Entrance stair.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

4. Public Space Design Recommendations

•

Improve crosswalk treatment on East 10th Street.

Zone G - Strengthen presence at Library The public library is a popular destination for Chattanoogans, especially the residents of Patten Towers. As part of the pilot project, several elements of the Porch design were installed at the library. Taking these interventions a step further will strengthen the connection to the Porch and encourage public engagement at the library. • • • •

Re-engage with the Library staff to gather input and integrate Library programming with site activation Incorporate a new entrance design and artwork. Reinstall the swing. Install plants and planters that match the ones used at the Porch.

Long term vision (>3 years) A template for other communities One hope for the pilot project is that it would serve as a guide for other communities looking to improve their public spaces. This document is meant to provide insight and direction on how to transform the civic realm. While the Porch is specific to Patten Towers, there are many lessons that can be applied to other communities. Knowledge gained from future projects should be added to the observations presented here to create an informed strategy for public realm design across Chattanooga. 64

The swing in use at the Library outpost.

St Lin dsa y

User: Multi-generational family members Day: Check out the latest cultural exhibits at Bessie Smith Cultural Center, spend some time reading at Interim interventions to guide planning practices the library plaza, then head 8th Street Several aspects of the pilot project are considered to Patten Parkway for dinner

ERYDAY USE

8th Street

temporary renovations. The sidewalk paint is not a permanent installation and items, like the planters and seating, are easily adjustable. The Porch was meant to be a testing ground for urban design as a way to inform planning in Chattanooga. Observations about where people congregate, how residents use public space, and what elements are most important to users should be adopted into planning policy.

8th

Miller Plaza

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tre

10th Street

tre

Kin

Chestnut Street

Warehouse Row

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ust on

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11th Street

Patten Towers

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Library Plaza

Kin

gB lvd Bessie Smith Lawn

Col

Str eet

ter

Car

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eet Str

t St

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4PM

User: Young Professional Day: Take a yoga class in the morning at Miller Park, grab lunch with friends outside in Warehouse Row, then go to Miller Plaza for evening concerts

Miller Park

Bro

12t

2PM

vd ML King Bl

A pivotal first step in reconnectingUser: Chattanooga Teenager One of the first comments we heard from Day: Eatresidents snack outside at 11AM 3PM 6PM was that they didn’t feel welcome inPatten most Towers, parts head to theby library to check out of the city. This is a sentiment shared many latestthat maker inventions, residents of Chattanooga and an issue must head to Miller Park to be addressed. The idea of outposts,then or satellite hang out with friends sites that shared a common feel, was important to ensuring that the residents of Patten Towers felt accepted in different spaces across the city. The pilot project was a first step in reconnecting this community to the open spaces and amenities throughout Chattanooga. This philosophy of increased connectivity is vital to Chattanooga’s success and should be a goal of all neighborhoods. 1PM

Patten Pat ten Par Parkway kw

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A Network of Open Spaces, Public Realm Action Plan, Gehl 2019 12th Street

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Appendices

The Porch The Porch / A Public / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation

Appendices

Interactive data dashboard Tableau tip: Most graphs and maps act as filters. You can select a portion of any graph or map to filter the rest of the dashboard. E.g.: If you navigate to the pie chart labeled ‘Perceived Gender’ and select the ‘Females’ portion of the chart, the entire dashboard will filter to show data only pertaining to those observed with a perceived gender of Female.

Link to dashboard

Interdepartmental workshop On December 16, 2021 Gehl hosted an interdepartmental workshop to illustrate the value public life data can in urban transformations. Links • The recording to the workshop is here. • The working deck, with participants feedback, is here.

The Porch / A Public Space Pilot Project Evaluation