Heat Farmers: Precedents, Thought Experiments In Biomimetics, Heat Modalities by Chava Baum

PRECEDENTS

HEAT-BASED WELLNESS TYPE B - PARTIALLY MANIPULATED NATURAL ENVIRONMENT “CULTURAL BUILT HEAT ARTIFACTS”

PASSIVE HEATING SYSTEMS EMPLOYED BY INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN EARLY ENCLOSED BUILT ENVIRONMENTS CONSIDERED COMMUNITY INTEGRATION AS PART OF THEIR MODEL OF WELLNESS. CULTURAL BUILT HEAT ARTIFACTS REFLECT THIS. THIS PROVIDES THE BEST BALANCE BETWEEN ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR WELLNESS WITH AMPLE CONTROLS THAT ARE STILL BIOMIMETIC IN NATURE.

THE IDEA DRIVING THIS SERIES OF PRECEDENT STUDIES IS THAT EACH CULTURAL AND/OR GEOGRAPHICAL HEAT ARTIFACT EXPERIENCES CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, AND RADIATION AT DIFFERENT PHASES OF ITS DEPLOYMENT. HEAT TRANSFERS BETWEEN ITS MODALITIES OFTEN. THE HEAT PHASE AT WHICH WE EXPERIENCE THESE HEATED OBJECTS AND ATMOSPHERES MAY FEEL LIKE ITS “FINAL PHASE,” I.E. THAT THE HEAT HAD BEEN TRASFERED AND TRANSFORMED UNTIL IT EVENTUALLY MADE CONTACT WITH THE HUMAN BODY. WHILE A CONDUCTIVE OBJECT MAY HAVE BEEN RADIANT OR CONVECTIVE PRIOR TO BECOMING CONDUCTIVE, IT MAY ALSO TRANSFER TO A DIFFERENT HEAT PHASE AFTER WE COME INTO CONTACT WITH IT. A CENTRAL QUESTION IN THESE PRECEDENT STUDIES IS: DOES SEQUENCE OF HEAT MODALITY IN THE LIFECYCLE OF HEAT MOVING THROUGH THESE ARTIFACTS MATTER?

GAEJARI (COMPACTED EARTH) GUEMDOL (STONES FOR ADDED BIOMASS) GOODLEJANG (OILED CLAY LAYERS FOR BIOMASS AND HEAT RETENTION ONDOL FLOOR (GRAVEL COATED WITH POROUS TILES) BUTU-MAK (COOKING POT; DOUBLE USAGE OF FIRE/KILN) AGUNGI (FIREWOOD) WIND PROTECTOR (PREVENTS PRESSURE BUILD-UP IN CHIMNEY) WIND PROTECTORS (BUNUMGI & JAE-AGUNGI, PREVENTS PRESSURE BUILD-UP OF SMOKE) CHIMNEY ONDOL DIRECT CONTACT PRECONTACT POSTCONTACT/ INDIRECT AT THE POINT IN WHICH THE ONDOL FLOOR MAKES CONTACT WITH THE HUMAN BODY, THE FLOOR CONDUCTS HEAT DIRECTLY TO THE HUMAN BODY. THIS IS THE STRONGEST HEAT TRANSFER, THE MOST POTENT FOR SELF-REGULATION. CONDUCTIVE OBJECT WHILE SMOKE IS TRAVELIING AS FLUID HEAT THROUGH THE AIR WITHIN THE MASONRY NETWORKS BELOW THE FLOOR, IT RELIES ON HOT/COLD CIRCULATION, AIR PRESSURE, AND SHAPE OF TUNNELS AND DEAD ENDS TO CREATE CONVECTION LOOPS THAT ALLOW IT TO CIRCULATE THROUGHOUT ALL THE TUNNELS. CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE HEAT MODALITY SEQUENCE THE AREA CLOSEST IN PROXIMITY TO THE KILN WILL CONDUCT THE STRONGEST HEAT. FAMILY MEMBERS SLEEP ON THE FLOOR IN RINGS OF STATUS THE OLDEST SLEEP CLOSEST TO THE KILN. THIS PROVIDES A PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFIT: THE OLDER WE GET, THE MORE HEAT WE NEED TO SELF-REGULATE. HEAT REGULATES THE INDIVIDUAL EMOTIONALLY VIA RELAXATION, MENTALLY THROUGH SENSORY INPUT, AND PHYSICALLY THROUGH OUR NERVOUS SYSTEM. THE LAYOUT OF THE MASONRY TUNNELS IN THE ONDOL FLOOR SYSTEM CAN CONTROL FOR THE HEATING CONDITIONS: CONCENTRATIONS OF TUNNELS IN CERTAIN PLACES CAN PROVIDE EVEN HEATING THROUGHOUT THE FLOOR, WHILE SIMPLE TUNNELS CAN CREATE A HEAT GRADIENT IF DESIRED, FOR THE TRADITIONAL AGE SLEEPING HIERARCHY. MANY MODERN ONDOL SYSTEMS AIM FOR EVEN HEATING THROUGHOUT THE FLOOR, BUT THIS MAY NOT ALWAYS BE IDEAL FOR OUR WELLNESS OR DESIRED FUNCTIONALLY. ONCE WE FEEL MORE REGULATED, WE CAN BETTER INTERACT WITH OTHERS. PLACES THAT REGULATE PEOPLE AND MAKE THEM FEEL GOOD BECOME NATURALLY ATTRACTIVE LOCATIONS TO PLAN COMMUNAL ACTIVITES. PEOPLE ARE INCENTIVIZED VIA THEIR INCREASED WELLNESS TO ATTEND. INDIVIDUAL MENTAL: NEUROLOGICAL/ SENSORY RELIEF MUSCLE RELEASE INCREASE BLOOD FLOW LOWER METABOLIC RATE RELAX REDUCE ANXIETY ALLOW FOR BETTER SLEEP PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: SOCIAL COMMUNAL 1 2 AFTER DIRECT CONTACT WITH OBJECTS ON ITS SURFACE, THE ONDOL FLOOR RADIATES HEAT INTO THE AIR IN THE INTERIOR OF THE ROOM. WHILE NOT AS POTENT AS DIRECTLY TOUCHING THE HUMAN BODY, THE RADIANT HEAT FROM THE ONDOL CAN WARM THE ROOM FOR HOURS OR EVEN DAYS BECAUSE OF THE BIOMASS PROPERTIES OF CLAY MASONRY. RADIANT ATMOSPHERE 3 MENTAL: CREATE BEHAVIORAL INCENTIVES, BOLSTER STRUCTURED PHYSICAL DEMANDS (LIKE EXERCISE) ARE EASIER GROUP SETTING. RELAX REDUCE ANXIETY ALLOW FOR BETTER SLEEP PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: MENTAL: INTERACTION WITH SENSORY RELIEF IMPROVES FOCUS HUMAN CONTACT IT EASIER TO CONNECT, CONNECTION BOLSTERS PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: NOTES: FIGURE 1.13

FURTHER, WE HAVE INDIVIDUAL, SOCIAL, AND COMMUNAL ENCOUNTERS WITH THESE HEATED OBJECTS AND ATMOSPHERES. SOME EXPERIENCES AROUND THE HEAT ARE CENTERED ON COMMUNAL ACTIVITIES AT ITS PEAK POTENCY. YET, THE ACCESS TO THE HEAT MAKES ALL THREE OF THESE TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS EASIER TO MAINTAIN. THE ONSEN MAY SUGGEST THAT DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL, SOCIAL, AND COMMUNAL BENEFITS MAY BE TIES TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HEAT CYCLE FOR CERTAIN HEAT ARTIFACTS, AND THOSE TIES MAY VARY FROM ONE HEAT ARTIFACT TO THE NEXT.

THE SAUNA IS A UNIQUE EXAMPLE OF A CULTURAL HEAT ARTIFACT BECAUSE HEAT REACHES MORE THAN ONE “DESTINATION” AS IT COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE HUMAN BODY. IT BEGINS AS A CONDUCTIVE OBJECT AS WOOD IS BURNED, YET IN THE STEAM ROOM, IT ENCOUNTERS THE HUMAN BODY VIA CONVECTION. IN THE “COLD” SAUNA OPTION, PEOPLE TYPICALLY INTERACT WITH COLD WATER OR SNOW - CONDUCTIVE. IF WE ARE THE DESTINATION, AND PEOPLE ARE ALTERNATING BETWEEN THESE OPTIONS, THE GOAL BECOMES CONFUSED. IF CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS - WITH THEIR HIGHEST POTENCY FOR HEAT TRANSFER - ARE NOT NECESSARILY THE END GOAL OR EVEN THE END OF THE SEQUENCE, WHAT ARE WE REALLY AIMING FOR IN THE SAUNA’S HEAT BENEFITS?

BEING ABLE TO MIMIC FEATURES OF THOSE BUILT HEAT ARTIFACTS THAT FAVOR SOCIAL, INDIVIDUAL, AND COMMUNAL INTERACTION BENEFITS FOR WELLNESS AT DIFFERENT HEAT DEPLOYMENT MODALITIES MAY BE AN ENTRY POINT FOR ADDRESSING UNFULFILLED MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL WELLNESS NEEDS IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS WITH ACCESS TO PASSIVE HEATING SYSTEMS AS COMMUNITY LANDMARKS. THE EXACT SEQUENCE, SIZE, AND DURATION THAT PEOPLE ENCOUNTER CULTURAL HEAT ARTIFACTS IMPACTS WHICH WELLNESS BENEFITS THEY RECEIVE.

20 PUBLIC ONSEN (OUTDOORS) DIRECT CONTACT NO CONTACT POSTCONTACT/ INDIRECT ONSEN ARE NOT THE ONLY COMMUNAL BATHING OPTION IN JAPAN IN URBAN SETTINGS, THERE ARE ALSO SENTO, WHICH ARE INDOOR SPRINGS. WHILE SENTO PROVIDE THE SAME PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS FROM HEAT AND SOCIALIZATION, THEY DO NOT PROVIDE THE NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS FROM THE MINERALIZED HOT SPRINGS WATER OR EXPOSURE TO OUTDOOR AIR AND SUNLIGHT. SENTO ARE A POST-INDUSTRIAL PHENOMENON NOT A CULTURALLY-BUILT ANCIENT PHENOMENON LIKE ONSEN. ONSEN SOURCE THEIR WATER FROM NATURALLY-OCCURRING HOT SPRINGS. WHILE ONSEN AND SENTO HAVE A LOT IN COMMON, ONSEN ARE EFFICIENCY. NOTES: CONDUCTIVE OBJECT THE EXPERIENCE OF SITTING IN THE ONSEN INVOLVES BOTH SOAKING AND SOCIALIZING. PEOPLE TIE THEIR HAIR UP SO AS NOT TO CONTAMINATE SUCH, THE ONSEN IS NOT FOR FULLY SUBMERGING. THIS MEANS THAT PEOPLE EXPERIENCE IT AS A CONDUCTIVE OBJECT THAN A CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE. UNDERGROUND WATER IN THE HOT SPRING MOVES CONSTRUCTED POOL THROUGH A CONVECTION LOOP, IN WHICH HOT WATER RISES AND COOL WATER FALLS. 1 CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE 2 THE EFFECTS OF ADDED HEAT AND NUTRIENTS FROM RADIANCE FROM THE SUN ARE LONGER-TERM AND LESS DOMINANT THAN THE IMPACT FROM THE ONSEN’S WATER, BUT THEY STILL ADD TO THE TOTAL HEAT/COOL TEMPERATURE VARIANCE AND HEAT CONTENT IN THE EXPERIENCE OVER ALL. RADIANT ATMOSPHERE 3 HEAT MODALITY SEQUENCE INDIVIDUAL MENTAL: MORE OPEN TO PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: SOCIAL MENTAL: RELIEF IMPROVES HUMAN CONTACT CONNECTION BOLSTERS POSITIVE EMOTIONS PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: COMMUNAL MENTAL: BEHAVIORAL INCENTIVES, DEEP, MEANINGFUL BONDS WITH PEER PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: DIRECT CONTACT PRECONTACT PRECONTACT INDIRECT CONTACT SAUNA CEDAR OR OTHER ANTIBACTERIAL RELEASES STEAM, NOT SMOKE TYPICALLY NOT BE FULLY SUBMERGED AS EITHER THE FIRST OR FINAL STEP IN AN INDIVIDUAL’S INTERACTION WITH THE SAUNA SYSTEM, THE HUMAN BODY SUBMERGES IN COLD WATER. THE WATER CONDUCTS HEAT AWAY FROM THE BODY. CONDUCTIVE OBJECT CONDUCTIVE OBJECT RADIANT ATMOSPHERE IF BEGINNING WITH IF ENDING WITH 3 CEDAR WOOD SIDING DOES NOT CONDUCT MUCH HEAT ITSELF, MAKING IT A VIABLE SURFACE FOR PEOPLE TO TOUCH INSIDE A HOT CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE. YET, CEDAR CONTAINS VITAMINS AND MINERALS THAT THE HUMAN BODY BENEFITS FROM MAINLY ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUNDS THAT ARE AIRBORNE BUT RELEASED IN GREATER AMOUNTS WHEN CATALYSED WITH HEAT. NOTES: 1 1 2 3 CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE INDIVIDUALS DO NOT MAKE DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE OVEN OR THE IMMEDIATELY SURROUNDING RADIANT ATMOSPHERE. THEY SIT ON CEDAR (OR SIMILAR WOOD) BENCHES WHICH THEMSELVES DO NOT CONDUCT MUCH HEAT. THE MOST DOMINANT HEAT INTAKE IN THIS PHASE IS THE HOT AND COLD AIR IN THE ROOM CIRCULATING CONVECTIVELY. THE INDOOR OVEN IS THE INITIAL HEAT CONTACT WITH THE OVEN OR THE IMMEDIATELY SURROUNDING RADIANT THE AREA DRECTLY AROUND THE OVEN RADIATES HOT AIR, WHICH THEN FEEDS HEAT INTO THE CONVECTIVE CYCLE IN THE ROOM. HEAT MODALITY SEQUENCE INDIVIDUAL MENTAL: NEUROLOGICAL/ ALLOW FOR BETTER SLEEP PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: SOCIAL MENTAL: DISTRACTION OF TECHNOLOGY HUMAN CONTACT EXPERIENCE EASIER TO CONNECT, CONNECTION BOLSTERS PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: COMMUNAL MENTAL: BEHAVIORAL NON-PROFESSIONAL ALLOW FOR BETTER SLEEP PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL:

FIGURE 1.14 FIGURE 1.15

PRECEDENTS

GEOGRAPHICAL HEATED OBJECTS AND ATMOSPHERES WHERE PEOPLE GATHER IN INDIVIDUAL, SOCIAL, AND COMMUNAL WAYS TO ENGAGE WITH HEAT DIFFER FROM CULTURAL BUILT HEAT ARTIFACTS IN THAT BECAUSE THEY WERE NOT BUILT BY PEOPLE, WE INHERENTLY HAVE LESS CONTROL OVER THEIR SIZE, FUNCTIONING, AND POTENCY. THAT SAID, UNDERSTANDING HOW PEOPLE ENGAGE WITH THE CYCLE OF CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, AND RADIATION IN GEOGRAPHICAL HEAT SETTINGS HELPS US UNDERSTAND THE PRECURSOR NEEDS AND MOTIES TO ESTABLISH THE PASSIVE BUILT HEAT ARTIFACTS THAT HAVE BENEFITTED US FOR SO LONG. WE LIKELY NEEDED OUR CULTURAL BUILT FIXTURES AS SOCIETIES AROUND THE WORLD GREW BECAUSE PRIOR TO THOSE, WE WERE GETTING THOSE SAME NEEDS MET IN GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXTS. GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXTS ARE TYPICALLY UNENCLOSED - LIKE A TRADITIONAL HOT SPRING - SO CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE LESS COMMONLY THE CENTRAL CONTACT POINT FOR HUMANS. BECAUSE THEIR POTENCY CANNOT BE ALTERED AS EASILY, THE MOST POTENT THERAPEUTIC HEAT FORM - CONDUCTION - IS MORE COMMON THE “CENTRAL” POINT IN THE JOURNEY OF HEAT TO THE HUMAN BODY. EVEN WITH ACCESS TO CULTURAL BUILT PASSIVE HEAT ARTIFACTS, THE HUMAN DESIRE TO AT LEAST SOMETIMES ENGAGE WITH GEOGRAPHICAL HEAT FIXTURES INSTEAD MAY CONTINUE TO ENDURE. WE MAY WELL STILL BE ADAPTED TO FEELING THE ROCKS AND MINERALS ON OUR FEET, FEELING THE OPEN AIR, AND DIRECTLY VIEWING GREENERY. BIOPHILIA MAY INCREASE THE WELLNESS BENEFITS OF HEATED OBJECTS AND ATMOSPHERES AS A CATALYST OR SUB-BENEFIT AND INCREASE THE IMPACT OF THE EXPERIENCE (AND EVEN HEAT EXPOSURE) OVER ALL.

21 HEAT-BASED WELLNESS TYPE A UNMANIPULATED NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

UNENCLOSED, DIRECT ACCESS TO NUTRIENTS AND NATURAL TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION, LESS CONTROL HOT SPRINGS INDIRECT CONTACT PRECONTACT DIRECT CONTACT INDIRECT CONTACT SOCIAL MENTAL: INTERACTION WITH SENSORY RELIEF IMPROVES FOCUS HUMAN CONTACT AIDED BY ADDED WARMTH POSITIVE EMOTIONS MAKE EASIER TO CONNECT, CONNECTION BOLSTERS PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: INDIVIDUAL MENTAL: INTENSE SUNLIGHT AND RELAX PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: COMMUNAL MENTAL: BEHAVIORAL INCENTIVES, CORE WATER AND GREENERY TO GET NUTRITIONAL, CARDIOVASCULAR, AND CNS NEEDS RELAX DEEP, MEANINGFUL GROUPS PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: CONDUCTIVE OBJECT HOT SPRINGS ARE OFTEN FOUND IN COLD CLIMATES, SO THE TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION WHEN SITTING IN THE WATER IS EXTREME, WHEN ONE HALF OF THE BODY IS SUBMERGED AND THE OTHER HALF HITS THE COLD, CRISP AIR. HEAT CONDUCTS INTO THE BODY AND THEN DISPERSES VIA CONVECTION IN THE AIR. 2 1 CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE 3 CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE WATER BELOW GROUND IS PUSHED UPWARD VIA A CONVECTION CYCLE WHERE WARM RISES AND COOL FALLS. THSI CREATES PRESSURE AND ALLOWS THE HOT WATER TO ESCAPE. BECAUSE THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AIR AND WATER CAN BE SO EXTREME, THE BODY MAY SENSE HEAT VIA STEAM AS IT APPROACHES (BUT NOT TOUCHES) THE WTER’S EDGE. THIS IS CONVECTION, BUT NOT WORKING TO THE BENEFIT OF HEAT - BECAUSE THE SPACE IS UNENCLOSED, THE HEAT ESCPAES THROUGH THE AIR, CONVECTING FROM THE WATER TO THE AIR. HEAT MODALITY SEQUENCE THIS IS A LIGHTLY-RADIATED ATMOSPHERE BECAUSE OF THE HUMID CLIMATE AND INTENSE VEGETATION IN THE SURROUNDINGS, UNLIKE THE SETTING OF THE WADI. RADIATION FROM THE SUN AND RE-RADIATION FROM THE SURROUNDING ROCKS CAN BE INTENSE OR MINIMAL, DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF DAY AND SEASON. IT CONTRIBUTES TO THE HEAT EXPERIENCE, BUT SUBTLY AND IN THE BACKGROUND. RADIANT ATMOSPHERE 4

FIGURE 1.16

22 WADI DIRECT CONTACT INDIRECT CONTACT INDIRECT CONTACT 1 CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE THE UNENCLOSED BUT SHADED AREA BETWEEN VEGETATION GROWING NEAR THE SHALLOW WATER, THE WATER, AND THE RADIANT SUN CREATES MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTATION MUCH LIKE A GARDEN COURTYARD, HOT AND COLD CIRCULATING BETWEEN THE WATER AND THE AIR. THE HOT SUN TURNS THE DRY, ARID HILLTOPS IN THE DISTANCE INTO CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS THAT RE-RADIATE OUT HEAT FROM THE SUN. WHILE NOT DIRECTLY PART OF THE WADI, THE VASTNESS AND SCALE OF THIS CONDITION TURNS THE LUSH VEGEATATION AND WARM WATER INTO AN ATTRACTION. AND ITS BIOMASS HEAT ABSORBING/RELEASING PROPERTIES CREATE A MASSIVE CONVECTIVE CYCLE BETWEEN THE WADI AND THE ADJACENT HILLTOPS. RADIANT ATMOSPHERE 3 HEAT MODALITY SEQUENCE CONDUCTIVE OBJECT THE WADI IS NOT EXACTLY A HOT SPRING OR A RIVER. IT IS A BUILDUP OF RAINWATER IN A VALLEY AND IS SOMETIMES PRESENT ONLY SEASONALLY. THIS BUILDUP OF WATER CREATES FERTILE SOIL AROUND IT WHERE RARE VEGETATION CAN GROW AND AID THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF NOMADIC PEOPLES. THE WATER IS WARM AND SHALLOW BUT OFTEN DEEP ENOUGH TO SWIM IN. 2 INDIVIDUAL MENTAL:SLEEP MORE OPEN TO PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: COMMUNAL MENTAL: EVERYONE COMES HERE TO GET SUSTANENCE NEEDS RELAX DEEP, MEANINGFUL BONDS WITH PEER PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: SOCIAL MENTAL: INTERACTION WITH SENSORY FOCUS HUMAN CONTACT WARMTH PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: SANDY BEACH DIRECT CONTACT DIRECT CONTACT NO CONTACT CONDUCTIVE OBJECT THE HOT SAND IS BOTH A CONDUCTOR AND A RADIATOR, AS ITS CRYSTALLINE FORM MAKES IT AN EFFECTIVE RE-RADIATOR OF THE SUN’S RAYS. AT THIS PHASE, THE SAND AS AN OBJECT CONDUCTS HEAT DIRECTLY TO THE HUMAN BODY. THIS IS IT’S PRIMARY AND MOST POTENT PHASE ON THE BEACH. THE WARMTH PEOPLE RECEIVE ON THE SAND CAN KEEP THEM REGULATED FOR THE REST OF THE DAY. 1 2 RADIANT ATMOSPHERE BOTH THE SAND AND THE WATER ON THE BEACH ARE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE AS RE-RADIATING THE SUN’S RAYS, CREATING A HIGHLY RADIATIVE ATMOSPHERE THROUGHOUT THE BEACH. BECAUSE THE BEACH IS SO VAST AND UNENCLOSED AND BARELY HINDERED BY VEGETATION, THERE IS NOT A STRONG AMOUNT OF CONVECTION HAPPENING ON THE BEACH, SO THE ATMOSPHERIC QUALITY DOMINATES AS RADIATIVE. BECAUSE RADIATION IN THE WATER IS POTENT ENOUGH TO BURN PEOPLE OFTEN, QUALIFY IT AS DIRECT CONTACT EVEN THOUGH IT IS THROUGH THE AIR. THE CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE IS MINIMAL ON THE BEACH IN TERMS OF ITS CONTACT WITH THE HUMAN BODY, BUT THE HEAT ON THE SHORE THAT THE SAND RADIATES DOES EFFECT THE STENGTH OF THE TIDES IN THE WATER (ALTHOUGH THIS ALSO HAS TO DO WITH THE MOON’S GRAVITATIONAL PULL). LOOSELY SPEAKING, EXCESS CONVECTIVE HEAT FROM THE LAND DOES EFFECT WEATHER PATTERNS AT SEA. 3 CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE HEAT MODALITY SEQUENCE INDIVIDUAL MENTAL: ALLOW FOR BETTER SLEEP PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: SOCIAL MENTAL: WITH REQUIRED WATER IMPROVES FOCUS HUMAN CONTACT PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL: COMMUNAL MENTAL: DIRECTIONS CARDIOVASCULAR, PHYSICAL: EMOTIONAL:

1.17

FIGURE

1.18

FIGURE

2 1 3

WHERE SYSTEM INTERACTS WITH THE HUMAN BODY; ACTUALIZATION OF WELLNESS & COMMUNITY-BUILDING POTENTIAL

2 1

...SOMETIMES THE HUMAN BODY INTERACTS WITH THE SYSTEM IN ITS MOST POTENT FORM: CONDUCTION

...SOMETIMES INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY WELLNESS CENTER AROUND A MILDER ATMOSPHERIC CONDITION: TYPICALLY CONVECTION

CONDUCTIVE OBJECT RADIANT ATMOSPHERE CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE

POTENCY POTENCY CENTALIZATION HEAT

IN CULTURAL-BUILT PRECEDENTS FIGURE 1.19

MODALITY SEQUENCE

HEAT-BASED WELLNESS BENEFITS

WHAT BOTH CULTURAL-BUILT AND GEOGRAPHICAL HEAT ARTIFACTS HAVE SHOWN US IS THAT POTENCY OF HEAT IS NOT ALWAYS THE GOAL IN THERAPEUTIC HEAT AND THAT THE HUMAN BODY DOES NOT NECESSARILY NEED EXTREME HEAT POTENCY FOR HEAT TO FULFILL ITS MENTAL, PHYSICAL, AND EMOTIONAL NEEDS. OFTEN, SOFTER “WARM” HEAT WILL DO THIS, NOT JUST EXTREME HEAT. SO WHILE CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS MAY TRANSFER THE MOST HEAT UPON CONTACT, THEY ARE ALWAYS PREFERRED - EITHER IN BUILT OR NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS. CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION SEEM TO BE FAVORED EQUALLY AS HEAT DESTINATIONS AS OPPOSSED TO RADIANT HEAT. CONDUCTIVE AND CONVECTION ALSO PROVIDE THE SAME NUMBER OF THE WELLNESS BENEFITS THAT ARE MEASURED HERE, AS OPPOSSED TO RADIANT ATMOSPHERES. POTENCY IS ONLY ONE FACTOR IN HEAT’S POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS OUR NEEDS. BECAUSE COMING IN CONTACT WITH CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS OFTEN MEANS THAT ONE PART OF THE BODY REMAINS COLD WHILE ANOTHER BECOMES HOT, WE MAY BE BENEFITTING AS MUCH FROM POTENCY AS FROM CONTRAST AND THE STIMULATION THAT COMES WITH IT. CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES IMPLY THAT PEOPLE ARE FULLY SUBMERGED UPON CONTACT, ALLOWING THE BODY TO FULLY WARM AT ONCE. THIS MAY EXPLAIN THE EQUAL PRIORITY OF BOTH IN OUR QUEST FOR WARMTH AND HOW THAT INFLUENCES INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY WELLNESS.

CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS

CONVECTIVE

RADIANT ATMOSPHERES EQUAL PRIORITY LESSER PRIORITY HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS

HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT THAT CAN CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE BOOSTING EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, WOOD STOVE, HEARTH, ELECTRICITY EXAMPLES: WARM ROCKS AND SAND, ROOF ASPHALT HEATED FROM THE SUN, WATER SOURCES, BIOMASS MATERIALS LIKE MASONRY, ONDOL SURFACE EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, BOILING WATER, OVENS, DEHUMIDIFIER WITH FILTRATION PROPERTIES EXAMPLES: ANY OBJECT THAT CONDUCTS HEAT THAT IS MADE OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING COMPOUNDS THAT ARE NOT RADIOACTIVE EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, SOLAR-POWERED ELECTRIC FILTRATION SYSTEMS IN WATER BODIES HEATED SALT LAMPS THAT IONIZE THE AIR EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, CLAY CLADDING WITHIN A SAUNA, CLAY COPPER & IRON COOKING UTENSILS HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT THAT CAN CHEMICAL CHANGES PHYSICAL BENEFITS; BOOSTING EXAMPLES: SAUNA EXAMPLES: BEACHES, GARDENS, UPSTAIRS/DOWNSTAIRS OF TRADITIONAL HOMES, HEARTH PROXIMITY TO BEDROOM EXAMPLES: HEAT SINKS PLACED OUTSIDE THE BUILDING CAN CONVECT OUT OF THE BUILDING EXAMPLES: CLEAN AIR AND WATER AND SAFE AND COMMON MEDIUMS FOR WARM AIR CIRCULATING CONVECTIVELY BETWEEN BLADES OF GRASS CAN HELP EXAMPLES: PLACING HEAT SINKS INSIDE THE BUILDING SO THAT WARM AIR FROM OUTSIDE IS DRAWN INTO THE BUILDING BENEFITS; WITHHUMANSKIN, POTENCY POTENCY IS NOT ALWAYS THE GOAL SPECIFIC WELLNESS BENEFITS - NOT AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITSARE THE GOAL POTENCY AND AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITS HEAT-BASED WELLNESS BENEFITS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS AND MINERALS INTO THE BUILT ENVIRONEMENT A S SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) OR MILD HEAT THAT INCORPORATES OCCURRING VITAMINS AND MINERALS INTO ENVIRONEMENT A SUPPLEMENTAL (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S HARMFUL TOXINS

CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES RADIANT ATMOSPHERES EQUAL PRIORITY LESSER PRIORITY HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT CAN CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE BOOSTING HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT THAT CAN CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE BOOSTING EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, WOOD STOVE, HEARTH, ELECTRICITY EXAMPLES: WARM ROCKS AND SAND, ROOF ASPHALT HEATED FROM THE SUN, WATER SOURCES, BIOMASS MATERIALS LIKE MASONRY, ONDOL SURFACE EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, BOILING WATER, OVENS, DEHUMIDIFIER WITH FILTRATION PROPERTIES EXAMPLES: ANY OBJECT THAT CONDUCTS HEAT THAT IS MADE OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING COMPOUNDS THAT ARE NOT RADIOACTIVE EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, SOLAR-POWERED ELECTRIC FILTRATION SYSTEMS IN WATER BODIES HEATED SALT LAMPS THAT IONIZE THE AIR EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, CLAY CLADDING WITHIN A SAUNA, CLAY COPPER & IRON COOKING UTENSILS AND SINKS THAT NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & BENEFITS; BOOSTING THAT CAN CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; BENEFITS; BOOSTING EXAMPLES:SAUNA EXAMPLES:BEACHES, GARDENS, UPSTAIRS/DOWNSTAIRSOF TRADITIONALHOMES,HEARTH EXAMPLES:HEATSINKS BUILDINGCANCONVECT OUTOFTHEBUILDING EXAMPLES:CLEANAIRAND WATERANDSAFEAND COMMONMEDIUMSFOR CONVECTINGHEAT WARMAIRCIRCULATING BLADESOFGRASSCANHELP EXAMPLES:PLACINGHEAT SINKSINSIDETHEBUILDING CONTAININGMINERALS INTOTHEBUILDING POTENCY POTENCY IS NOT ALWAYS THE GOAL SPECIFIC WELLNESS BENEFITS - NOT AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITSARE THE GOAL POTENCY AND AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITS HEAT-BASED WELLNESS BENEFITS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER OR MILD THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS MINERALS THE ENVIRONEMENT A SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR (E.J. DUST, SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS AND MINERALS INTO THE BUILT ENVIRONEMENT A S SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME THAT CAN HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) OR MILD HEAT RECYCLE/RENEW NATURAL (E.J. SOIL WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME THAT NATURALLY OCCURRING MINERALS INTO ENVIRONEMENT SUPPLEMENTAL (E.J. MINERL SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S HARMFULTOXINS

ATMOSPHERES

BOOSTING

EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER OR MILD THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS MINERALS THE ENVIRONEMENT A SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR (E.J. DUST, SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS AND MINERALS INTO THE BUILT ENVIRONEMENT A S SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, MATERIAL, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) OR MILD HEAT RECYCLE/RENEW NATURAL (E.J. SOIL WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME THAT NATURALLY VITAMINS AND THE BUILT A S TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S HARMFULTOXINS CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES RADIANT ATMOSPHERES EQUAL PRIORITY LESSER PRIORITY HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING HEAT CAN CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES FOR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT THAT CAN CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE BOOSTING EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, WOOD STOVE, HEARTH, ELECTRICITY EXAMPLES: WARM ROCKS AND SAND, ROOF ASPHALT HEATED FROM THE SUN, WATER SOURCES, BIOMASS MATERIALS LIKE MASONRY, ONDOL SURFACE EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, BOILING WATER, OVENS, DEHUMIDIFIER WITH FILTRATION PROPERTIES EXAMPLES: ANY OBJECT THAT CONDUCTS HEAT THAT IS MADE OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING COMPOUNDS THAT ARE NOT RADIOACTIVE EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, SOLAR-POWERED ELECTRIC FILTRATION SYSTEMS IN WATER BODIES HEATED SALT LAMPS THAT IONIZE THE AIR EXAMPLES: HOT COMPOST, CLAY CLADDING WITHIN A SAUNA, CLAY COPPER & IRON COOKING UTENSILS HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT THAT CAN CHEMICAL IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; BENEFITS; IMMUNE EXAMPLES:SAUNA EXAMPLES:BEACHES, GARDENS, UPSTAIRS/DOWNSTAIRSOF TRADITIONALHOMES,HEARTH EXAMPLES:HEATSINKS PLACEDOUTSIDETHE HEATEDCONTAMINATEDAIR OUTOFTHEBUILDING EXAMPLES:CLEANAIRAND WATERANDSAFEAND CONVECTINGHEAT WARMAIRCIRCULATING CONVECTIVELYBETWEEN SOILDECOMPOSE EXAMPLES:PLACINGHEAT SINKSINSIDETHEBUILDING CONTAININGMINERALS INTOTHEBUILDING NO CHEMICAL BENEFITS; POTENCY POTENCY IS NOT ALWAYS THE GOAL SPECIFIC WELLNESS BENEFITS - NOT AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITSARE THE GOAL POTENCY AND AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITS HEAT-BASED WELLNESS BENEFITS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER OR THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS MINERALS THE ENVIRONEMENT A SUPPLEMENTAL TO (E.J. DUST, SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW HUMAN WASTE (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, EXCREMENT, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS AND MINERALS INTO THE BUILT ENVIRONEMENT A S SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S AVOIDANCE OF HARMFUL TOXINS EITHER EXTREME THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW (E.J. FOOD CONTAINERS, ORGANIC MATERIAL, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION) OR MILD HEAT RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME THAT NATURALLY OCCURRING MINERALS INTO ENVIRONEMENT A S TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT) SYSTEM’S HARMFULTOXINS CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES RADIANT ATMOSPHERES EQUAL PRIORITY LESSER PRIORITY HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT THAT CAN CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE BOOSTING HEAT SOURCES MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD FLUCTUATION. CHANGES, EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING EXTREME HEAT CATALYZE CHEMICAL CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR PHYSICAL IMMUNE EXAMPLES:HOTCOMPOST, ELECTRICITY EXAMPLES:WARMROCKS HEATEDFROMTHESUN, WATERSOURCES,BIOMASS MATERIALSLIKEMASONRY, EXAMPLES:HOTCOMPOST, BOILINGWATER,OVENS, DEHUMIDIFIERWITH EXAMPLES:ANYOBJECTTHAT MADEOF COMPOUNDSTHATARENOT EXAMPLES:HOTCOMPOST, FILTRATIONSYSTEMSIN WATERBODIES HEATEDSALT LAMPSTHATIONIZETHEAIR EXAMPLES:HOTCOMPOST, SAUNA,CLAYCOPPER& TEMPERATURE BOOSTING IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; INTOTHEBUILDING POTENCY POTENCY IS NOT ALWAYS THE GOAL SPECIFIC WELLNESS BENEFITS - NOT AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITSARE THE GOAL POTENCY AND AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITS

WELLNESS BENEFITS

FIGURE 1.20

CONVECTION AS A FEATURE OF AN ENCLOSED SYSTEM

CONVECTION HAPPENS AS A CIRCULATORY MOVEMENT; IT IS FIELDS OF HOT AND COLD (WHETHER LIQUID OR GAS) THAT ALWAYS MOVE TOWARD THE OTHER. HEAT CAN ONLY RISE AND COOL CAN ONLY FALL WHEN THEIR FIELDS REMAIN INTACT IN A CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTS WITHOUT AIR ENCLOSURE LIMIT TYPES FOR CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES.

WHEN AIR IS ENCLOSED AT A SCALE MANIPULABLE BY HUMANS (STANDARD INDOOR ROOM), ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE FULLY “SUBMERGED” IN A DIFFERENT MATERIAL TO EXPERIENCE CONVECTION.

THE AREA BETWEEN EARTH’S CORE AND SURFACE IS ENCLOSED AS THE FORM OF THE PLANET ITSELF - AT THE SCALE WE EXIST, WE MAY NOT EVEN REGISTER IT AS ENCLOSED, BUT IT IS. CONVECTION BETWEEN THE MANTLE AND ASTHENOSPHERE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SHIFTING OF TECTONIC PLATES. INNER CORE OUTER CORE 700 KM MANTLE TRENCH “SLAB PULL” RIDGE LITHOSPHERE ASTHENOSPHERE TRENCH LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE CONVECTION LOOPS IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ARE TYPICALLY EITHER MASSIVE OR TINY SCALE AND TYPE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE MUCH EASIER TO CONTROL IN BUILT ENCLOSURES THE EARTH ITSELF AS ENCLOSURE THE AIR BETWEEN THE LAND AND THE SEA IS ENCLOSED BY THE EARTH’S OZONE. AS AIRT AND WATER HAVE A DIFFERENT DENSITY, THEY HAVE DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES BOTH DAY AND NIGHT, AND IN EVERY SEASON. AS SUCH, THERE WILL ALWAYS BE A HEAT/COOL EXCHANGE BETWEEN THEM. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE IN A BUILT ENCLOSURE, THE WALLS DEMARCATE THE BOUNDARIES. HEAT AND COOL CIRCULATE EXACTLY WITHIN THOSE BOUNDARIES THROUGH THE AIR. IN A BUILT ENCLOSURE, THE WALLS DEMARCATE THE BOUNDARIES. HEAT AND COOL CIRCULATE EXACTLY WITHIN THOSE BOUNDARIES THROUGH THE AIR. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE LAND & SEA GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SOIL TO ROOTS HEARTH IN ROOM SAUNA FIGURE 1.21

THE EARTH ITSELF AS ENCLOSURE

GROUND SOURCE

HEARTH IN ROOM

UNDERSTANDING THAT CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE JUST AS IMPORTANT FOR COMMUNITY WELLNESS AS CONDUCTIVE OBJECTS, THE BENEFITS OF INCORPORATING BUILT HEAT FEATURES INTO OUR LIVES COME INTO PLAY. CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE HARDER TO CONJURE IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT THAN THAN IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, ON SCALES THAT WE CAN APPRECIATE AS HUMAN BODIES COMING INTO CONTACT WITH HEAT. WHILE TAKING CUES FROM GEOGRAPHICAL HEAT ARTIFACTS, WE MUST APPRECIATE THAT THE DRIVE IS NOT TO BE SO BIOMIMETIC THAT WE RETURN FULLY TO NATURE, BUT TO RECOGNIZE THOSE NEEDS WHICH IT PREVIOUSLY ADDRESSED FOR US AND HOW WE CAN CONTINUE TO ADDRESS THEM BETTER WITH ARCHITECTURE. THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF BUILT HEAT ARTIFACTS IN THE ABILITY THEY GIVE US TO CONTROL FOR SCALE. FOR THE PROJECT, THIS WILL MATTER SPECIFICALLY AT IT RELATES TO WELLNESS THEORY AROUND DUNBAR’S NUMBER.

THAT SAID, THERE IS AN INHERENT INTERPLAY BETWEEN NATURAL AND BUILT EXAMPLES, EVEN AS WE TURN CONFIDENTLY TOWARD THE IMPACT OF THE BUILT EXAMPLES IN THEIR CONTROL OF CONVECTIVE SCALE. NO MATTER THE SCALE, THE PLANET HAS ENGINEERED CONVECTIVE LOOPS FOR MUCH LONGER THAN WE HAVE. UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL TO ROOTS, OR LAND AND SEA, PROVIDES US A SPRINGBOARD AS TO WHICH FORMS AND MATERIALS WILL HELP US BUILD EFFECTIVE CONVECTIVE HEAT ENVIRONMENTS.

26 THE AIR BETWEEN THE LAND AND THE SEA IS ENCLOSED BY THE EARTH’S OZONE. AS AIRT AND WATER HAVE A DIFFERENT DENSITY, THEY HAVE DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES BOTH DAY AND NIGHT, AND IN EVERY SEASON. AS SUCH, THERE WILL ALWAYS BE A HEAT/COOL EXCHANGE BETWEEN THEM. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE THE BUILDING ENGAGES WITH THE GROUND DIRECTLY BENEATH IT, MOVING THE CONVECTION LOOP FROM BEING SOLELY ENCLOSED IN THE GROUND, TO BEING ENCLOSED BETWEEN THE EARTH AND BUILDING THROUGH A SERIES OF DUCTS. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE HEAT/COOL TRAVELS FROM THE STEM TO THE ROOTS OF THE PLANT, WHICH PENETRATES THE ENCLOSURE OF THE SOIL, BRIDGING THE TWO TOGETHER TO CREATE A NEW (TINY) CONVECTIVE LOOP. CHANGES SEASONALLY LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE THE ONLY ENCLOSURE IN A POOL OUTDOORS IS WITHIN THE WATER, IF FULLY SUBMERGED. THE WATER AND AIR DON’T HAVE A CLOSED CIRCULATION LOOP, SO HEAT/COOL RISES AND FALLS WITHIN THE WATER. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE IN A BUILT ENCLOSURE, THE WATER IN THE POOL HAS TWO CONVECTION LOOPS: IT CIRCULATES WITHIN ITSELF, AND WITH THE SURROUNDING AIR, IN THE ENCLOSURE OF THE BUILDING. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE IN A BUILT ENCLOSURE, THE WALLS DEMARCATE THE BOUNDARIES. HEAT AND COOL CIRCULATE EXACTLY WITHIN THOSE BOUNDARIES THROUGH THE AIR.

HEAT PUMP

POOL - UNENCLOSED POOL - ENCLOSED ENVIRONMENTS WITHOUT AIR ENCLOSURE LIMIT TYPES FOR CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES. WHEN AIR IS ENCLOSED AT A SCALE MANIPULABLE BY HUMANS (STANDARD INDOOR ROOM), ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO BE FULLY “SUBMERGED” IN A DIFFERENT MATERIAL TO EXPERIENCE CONVECTION. THE AREA BETWEEN EARTH’S CORE AND SURFACE IS ENCLOSED AS THE FORM OF THE PLANET ITSELF - AT THE SCALE WE EXIST, WE MAY NOT EVEN REGISTER IT AS ENCLOSED, BUT IT IS. CONVECTION BETWEEN THE MANTLE AND ASTHENOSPHERE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SHIFTING OF TECTONIC PLATES. INNER CORE OUTER CORE 700 KM MANTLE TRENCH “SLAB PULL” RIDGE LITHOSPHERE ASTHENOSPHERE TRENCH LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE CONVECTION LOOPS IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ARE TYPICALLY EITHER MASSIVE OR TINY SCALE AND TYPE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERES ARE MUCH EASIER TO CONTROL IN BUILT ENCLOSURES

SOIL TO ROOTS

THE AIR BETWEEN THE LAND AND THE SEA IS ENCLOSED BY THE EARTH’S OZONE. AS AIRT AND WATER HAVE A DIFFERENT DENSITY, THEY HAVE DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES BOTH DAY AND NIGHT, AND IN EVERY SEASON. AS SUCH, THERE WILL ALWAYS BE A HEAT/COOL EXCHANGE BETWEEN THEM. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE THE BUILDING ENGAGES WITH THE GROUND DIRECTLY BENEATH IT, MOVING THE CONVECTION LOOP FROM BEING SOLELY ENCLOSED IN THE GROUND, TO BEING ENCLOSED BETWEEN THE EARTH AND BUILDING THROUGH A SERIES OF DUCTS. LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE HEAT/COOL TRAVELS FROM THE STEM TO THE ROOTS OF THE PLANT, WHICH PENETRATES THE ENCLOSURE OF THE SOIL, BRIDGING THE TWO TOGETHER TO CREATE A NEW (TINY) CONVECTIVE LOOP. CHANGES SEASONALLY LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE LOW HIGH SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE IN A BUILT ENCLOSURE, THE WALLS DEMARCATE THE BOUNDARIES. HEAT AND COOL CIRCULATE EXACTLY WITHIN THOSE BOUNDARIES THROUGH THE AIR. IN A BUILT ENCLOSURE, THE WALLS DEMARCATE THE BOUNDARIES. HEAT AND COOL CIRCULATE EXACTLY WITHIN THOSE BOUNDARIES THROUGH THE AIR. LOW HIGH

POOL - UNENCLOSED POOL - ENCLOSED

SCALE OF CONVECTIVE ATMOSPHERE LAND & SEA GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SOIL TO ROOTS

SAUNA FIGURE 1.21

THE BUILDING BLOCKS ARE THE SAME ELEMENTS FOUND IN SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS. BUT THEIR DOSAGES ARE ONES THAT THE BODY EVOLVED TO INGEST WITH OPTIMAL RESULTS. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

POST-INDUSTRIAL) HEATING SYSTEMS IS IT BENEFICIALWHEN BUILT HEAT SYSTEMS MIMIC PATTERNS FOUND IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND ORGANIC ENVIRONMENT?

FACTORS: STRUCTURE, FORM, SCALE, POTENCY, CHEMICAL MAKEUP, ADJACENCIES

IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE TRIGGERS NECESSARY HORMONE RELEASE AND IMMUNE CELL PRODUCTION

IMMUNE SYSTEM PRODUCES A COUNTEROFFENSIVE ON PAR WITH THE DOSAGES AND RATIOS OF ELEMENTS FOUND IN THE COMPOUND, WHICH THE BODY IS ALSO ADAPTED TO FOR OTHER REGULATORY FUNCTIONS

BIOCHEMICAL STRUCTURE, DOSAGE, & BIOFEEDBACK

IF SUBSTANCE CONTAINS A LOW DOSAGE OF A TOXIC COMPOUND WITHIN A NATURALLY-OCCURRING STRUCTURE, THE BODY MAY BE CHALLENGED BUT WILL ULTIMATELY FIGHT IT OFF

THE BODY MAY TAKE A HIT, BUT NOT NECESSARILY A CATASTROPHIC HIT OR SOMETHING THAT CANNOT HEAL WITHOUT MODERN MEDICAL INTERVENTION

NATURALLY OCCURING CHEMICAL STRUCTURES

SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCED CHEMICAL STRUCTURES

THE BUILDING BLOCKS THEMSELVES ARE NOT TOXIC - THEY ARE THE SAME ELEMENTS FOUND IN NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPOUNDS. BUT THEIR DOSAGES MAKE THEM PROBLEMATIC TO THE BODY ONCE INGESTED. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

IMMUNE SYSTEM OVERREACTS

IMMUNE SYSTEM IDENTIFIES FOREIGN COMPOUND AS A THREAT, DOES ITS JOB WELL. EXCEPT THAT IT ISN’T AN INTENDED THREAT. EXPOSURE AND TREATMENT ULTIMATELY FAIL.

IMMUNE SYSTEM UNDERREACTS

IMMUNE SYSTEM CANNOT IDENTIFY FOREIGN COMPOUNDS IT DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THAT ARE ACTUALLY THREATS. ELEMENTAL BREAKDOWN OF NEW COMPOUNDS PROVOKES DIFFERENT KINDS OF CELLS TO MUTATE, CREATING CANCEROUS CELLS.

BUILT,

FOR

ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST BIOMIMICRY IN TYPE B (PASSIVE BUILT, CULTURAL) AND TYPE C (ACTIVE

FIGURE 1.22

SKIN MEMBRANE

THERMOREGULATION

SINCE OUR SKIN MEMBRANE IS AN ULTRA-EFFICIENT THEROREGULATOR WHICH ADJUSTS FOR HEATING AND COOLING OF THE BODY, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT WE CAN VIEW STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE SKIN MEMBRANE AS IDEAS

TO INTEGRATE INTO AN EFFICIENT WALL OR FLOOR SYSTEM FOR HEAT-BASED ENVIRONMENTS.

SKIN MEMBRANE

METABOLIC RATE

PASSIVE HEAT AND THE HUMAN BODY’S 24-HOUR CYCLE

BUILDINGS IN WHICH PEOPLE BOTH SLEEP AND SPEND TIME THROUGHOUT THE DAY BENEFIT FROM TRADITIONAL PASSIVE HEATING SYSTEMS, SUCH AS THE TUNISIAN COURTYARD HOME, IN WHICH BIOMASS ABSORBS EXCESS HEAT DURING THE DAY AND RELEASES IT AT NIGHT, AS WELL AS STACKING, WHERE PEOPLE CAN RETREAT TO THE WARMER SECOND FLOOR AT NIGHT TO SLEEP.

**THE THING ABOUT PASSIVE HEATING AND/OR A TRADITIONAL HEARTH IS THAT IT EVENS OUT TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS BETWEEN THE DAY AND NIGHT,

WALL SYSTEM POTENTIAL INNOVATIONS FOR HEAT BASED ON SKIN MEMBRANE

“GREEN” BUILDING INPUT VS OUTPUT; MATERIAL ENTROPY

SHIVERING

FRICTION AS EVOLVED WARMING MECHANISM

WE TYPICALLY ASSUME THAT PEOPLE HAVE BEEN SHIVERING IN UNCOMFORTABLY COLD TEMPERATURES SINCE BEFORE THE ADVENT OF MODERN CONSTRUCTION.

SHIVERING PROVOKES A MILD CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE THAT WILL NOT OVERWHELM THE BODY, AND NATURALLY STOPS ONCE THE BODY HAS REACHED ITS IDEAL TEMPERATURE.

THUS, IMPLEMENTING FRICTION-BASED HEATING SYSTEMS THAT “SHIVER” - LIKE SHIFTING PLATES UNDER A RADIANT FLOOR - COULD GENERATE HEAT AT LEVELS THAT WILL NOT OVERWHELM THE BODY - SENSORY, IMMUNE, OR OTHERWISE. IF DRIVEN BY WIND OR ELECTRICITY, IT ALSO HAS THE POTENTIAL TO HAVE ZERO CARBON EMISSIONS.

SWEATING

WE TYPICALLY ASSUME THAT PEOPLE HAVE BEEN SWEATING IN UNCOMFORTABLY HOT TEMPERATURES SINCE BEFORE THE ADVENT OF MODERN CONSTRUCTION.

SWEATING PROVOKES A CONDUIT FOR WHICH EXCESS HEAT IN THE BODY CAN ESCAPE, IN WATER DROPLETS ON THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN. IT NATURALLY STOPS ONCE THE BODY HAS REACHED ITS IDEAL TEMPERATURE. IT IS A FULL-BODY INVOLVEMENT, IN THAT WATER DROPLETS DISPERSE THROUGHOUT THE SKIN’S SURFACE, NOT JUST WHERE THE HEAT SOURCES ARE, IN ORDER TO COOL US. THUS, IMPLEMENTING “SWEAT”-BASED HEATING SYSTEMS - LIKE BODIES

THESE WILL CREATE “SMART” MATERIALS THAT WILL LAST LONGER AFTER PRODUCTION, BUT HAVE HIGH HEALTH AND RESOURCE COSTS AT THE OUTSET

OF WATER AROUND A BUILDING, BUT MORE UNIVERSAL AND CONTROLLABLE - COULD HELP US RESPOND MORE OPTIMALLY SENSORY AND IMMUNE WISE.

HEAT SINKS AS EVOLVED COOLING MECHANISM

DAYTIME DAYTIME NIGHTTIME NIGHTTIME NIGHTTIME 70°

50°

62°

IT DOES NOT COMPLETELY ELIMINATE TEMPERATURE VARIANCE. WITR PASSIVE SYSTEMS, IT IS STILL SLIGHTLY COLDER AT NIGHT THAN DURING THE DAY. IN ORDER FOR US TO FALL ASLEEP, OUR BODY’S

MUST

AIR

HELP

OUR

ASLEEP

WE SLEEP BETTER IN COOLER ROOMS. CELL DIVISION; SKIN MEMBRNE IS SELF-PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING IMMUNE CELLS; ACTS AS A “CLEANSING” LAYER BEYOND ANTIBACTERIAL, ALSO ANTIVIRAL LIPID BYLAYER; ACTS AS INSULATION, IMMUNE CELLS REACTING TO HOT OR COLD CAN INFORM THICKER OR THINNER LIPID GROWTH OVER TIME MUSCLES ATTACHED TO HAIRS EXPAND WHEN HEATED AND CONTRACT WHEN COLD; ACT AS SQUEEZING TOOLS HAIRS BEND OR STAND UP STRAIGHT DEPENDING ON MUSCLE SQUEEZING, CAUSES THE AIR BETWEEN THEM TO RETAIN/RELEASE HEAT ACCORDINGLY UPPER LAYERS OF SKIN CELLS DIE AS THEY BECOME MORE EXPOSED TO AIR, AND CONDENSE MORE AS THEY DIE AND REACH THE SURFACE. AIR TRAPPED BETWEEN HAIR FOLLICLES RETAINS HEAT BLOOD VESSELS THAT CONNECT TO CAPILLARIES THAT CARRY WATER EXPAND WITH HEAT AND CONTRACT WITH COLD; THE MORE WATER THAT ESCAPES THROUGH THE SURFACE, THE MORE HEAT THE BODY LOSES DRYWALL MATERIAL THICKENS IN A GRADIENT UP TO THE SURFACE; MAKES IT STRUCTURAL, BUT ALSO PERMEABLE ENOUGH TO ALLOW FOR CHANGES IN HEAT MINI “LOUVER” TYPE WALL COMPONENTS THAT REACH OVER THE SURFACE THAT AID IN TRAPPING WARM AIR BETWEEN THEM TO VARYING DEGREES BASED ON THEIR ANGLE AIR TRAPPED BETWEEN “LOUVERS” RETAINS HEAT AT WALL SURFACE PV PANEL CONNECTS TO A SQUEEZE TOOL THAT CONNECTS TO A SMALLER LOUVER SYSTEM; PANEL PROVIDES SENSOR FEEDBACK TO ADJUST LOUVER ANGLE TO RETAIN/RELEASE HEAT FROM AIR HELD BETWEEN LOUVERS AU AUTOMATED SYSTEM SELF-PRODUCES EITHER INSULATION OR STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, DEPENDING ON EVOLVING NEEDS OF THE WALL, AND THEN DISPERSES NEW LAYERS OF MATERIAL WHERE IT IS NEEDED BUILDING WILL TAKE LONGER TO DETERIORATE. PARTS MAY NOT NEED TO BE REPLACED AS OFTEN. IT CAN HAVE SPECIAL PROPERTIES, LIKE FIRE RESISTANCE. BUT, ITS CHEMICAL STRUCTURES ARE NOT NECESSARILY CONDUCIVE TO INDIVIDUAL WELLNESS, BOTH IN TERMS OF NUTRIENCE AND HEAT RETENTION. MATERIALS MIGHT GET HOTTER THAN WHAT IS FOUND IN NATURE THAT WE ARE ADAPTED TO. NO MENTAL OR EMOTIONAL BENEFITS AS THE MATERIALS DO NOT RESEMBLE NATURE AND WILL NOT HELP REGULATE OUR NERVOUS SYSTEM. BUILDING WILL DETERIORATE FASTER AND MAY NOT BE AS COST-EFFECTIVE IN THE LONG RUN, BUT THE MATERIALS WITH PROMOTE INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY NTRITION, AND WILL RETAIN AND RELEASE HEAT AT TEMPERATURES THAT WE ARE ADAPTED TO WITHSTAND. WILL PROVIDE MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL BIOPHILIC PROPERTIES. PRESSURIZED CHANNEL DIRECTS WATER INTO/OUT OF THE SPACE FOR CONVECTIVE PURPOSES; EXPANDS/CONTRACTS VIA FEEDBACK FROM THE SAME PV PANEL AS ABOVE NO HEARTH/ NO PASSIVE COOLING LOW HIGH LOW HIGH SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCED CHEMICAL STRUCTURES INPUT IMMUNOLOGICAL ISSUES NATURAL RESOURCES (OFTEN FARMED AND CONTROLLED) SOMETIMES USAGE OF RARE RESOURCES IS NOT ACTUALLY WELL-CONTROLLED AND DAMAGE ECOSYSTEMS BIOHAZARDS NATURAL RESOURCE DEPLETION (OFTEN WATER) OUTPUT BUILDING LIFESPAN LOW HIGH BUILDING LIFESPAN NATURALLY OCCURING CHEMICAL STRUCTURES

METABOLISM

LOWER. METABOLIC FUNCTIONS GENERATE HEAT. THUS, COOL

CAN

CONVECT HEAT OUT OF

BODIES FOR

TO FALL

FASTER AND SLEEP BETTER. THIS IS WHY

1.23

FIGURE

1.24

FIGURE

1.25

FIGURE

1.26

FIGURE

AGAINST

LARGER-THAN-NATURAL SCOPES OF DEPLOYMENT NEEDED FOR SYSTEMS IN INCREASED POPULATION DENSITY

HUMAN BODY IS NEITHER CARBON-NEUTRAL NOR

SCALES REQUIRE LARGER SURFACE AREAS TO CONNECT

THE

NET-ZERO

OTHER WITH THE TECHNOLOGIES WE CURRENTLY HAVE, SYNTHETICALLY-PRODUCED MATERIALS ARE OFTEN THE ONLY WAY TO CREATE THE SPANS NECESSARY TO ACCOMMODATE LARGE URBAN POPULATIONS

ENERGY LARGER

PEOPLE TO NATURE

TO EACH

DEPENDENCY ON OUTSIDE HEAT SOURCES AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY TO SELF-SUSTAIN TURNING TO HUMAN FORM, STRUCTURE, AND CHEMICAL-MAKEUP FOR ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION WILL NOT DIRECTLY LEAD US TO MORE EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS WHEN WE ARE TRYING TO IMPROVE THE HUMAN CONDITION, IN WHICH WE MUST CONSUME OUTSIDE RESOURCES FOR OUR SURVIVAL AND IN TURN GENERATE CO2 WASTE, IF NO INTERVENTIONS ARE TAKEN. CULTURALLY-BUILT HEATED OBJECTS AND ATMOSPHERES CANNOT ALWAYS TRANSLATE TO MASSIVE URBAN SCALES, BECAUSE IT TAKES A DIFFERENT SET OF CONTROLS TO MANAGE CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, AND RADIATION IN A LARGER ENVIRONMENT. THE FURTHER AWAY IN SCALE A BUILDING GETS FROM THE HUMAN BODY, THE LESS IT CAN APPLY TECHNIQUES SIMILAR TO THE HUMAN BODY FOR HEAT REGULATION. THERE IS A REASON THAT STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN HOME DESIGN NEVER EVOLVED INTO THE SHAPE OF THE HUMAN BODY - A HOME IS NOT A DIRECT EXTENSION OF OUR BODIES, ALTHOUGH IT SHARES CERTAIN SIMILARITIES. WE WANT THE HOUSE TO WITHSTAND GREATER TEMPERATURES THAN WE CAN, TO REMAIN IN ONE PLACE, AND TO CHANGE AT OUR WILL. SURFACE AREA OF WALLS AND ROOF IN A SMALL STRUCTURE WILL BE CLOSER TO THE SIZE OF THE HUMAN BODY HABITAT ‘67, MOSHE SAFDIE; EXAMPLE OF MAXIMIZED SURFACE AREA FOR ACCESS TO NATURE CARBON EMISSIONS SUCCESSFUL NET-ZERO BUILDINGS COMPLEMENT THE HUMAN BODY FOR WELLNESS - THEY ARE NOT AN EXTENSION OF IT! PRE-MODERN HUMAN CONDITION

FIGURE 1.28

FIGURE 1.27 FIGURE 1.29

THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS IN HYPOTHETICAL BIOMIMETIC SYSTEMS

“HOT COMPOST WALL” METABOLISM

POSSIBILITIES FOR NEW WAYS OF DEPLOYMENT

“HOT COMPOST WALL” METABOLISM

WEEP HOLES IN RAMMED EARTH SIREWALL SLAB ARE MORESO FOR WATER VAPOR (STEAM) THAN LIQUID WATER; THE HEAT IN THE STEAM RELEASED FROM THE HOT COMPOST CATALYZES MINERALS ESSENTIAL TO THE HUMAN BODY FOUND IN THE RAMMED EARTH SLAB AND ALSO IN THE DECOMPOSING COMPOST IN THE WALL INTERIOR. THIS CAN CREATE A THERAPEUTIC STEAM CONDITION INSIDE THE ROOM WHERE THE WEEP HOLES ARE PRESENT, AS WELL AS CLEANSE AND MINERALIZE THE AIR

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB

HOLLOW AREA BETWEEN SHEATHING HOSTS WATER PIPES

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB

HOLLOW AREA BETWEEN SHEATHING HOSTS WATER PIPES

SPRINKLER SYSTEM WATERS THE COMPOST

RAMMED EARTH SIREWALL SYSTEM

SPRINKLER SYSTEM WATERS THE COMPOST

REBAR

RAMMED EARTH SIREWALL SYSTEM

REBAR

POWERFUL MIXER PANELS ARE MOUNTED TO SIREWALL RAMMED EARTH SLABS, AND ENSURE THAT EVEN THOUGH THE COMPOST IS INSERTED AT ONE SPECIFIC LOCATION, IT IS THOROUGHLY MIXED AND CIRCULATED THROUGHOUT THE WALL

30 CARBON: 1 NITROGEN RATIO COMPOST CIRCULATES THROUGHOUT WALL, PROVIDING EVEN MIXING AND HEAT DISPERSEMENT

FLASHING AND A SLIDING DOOR OPENING IN THE WALL PROVIDE AN INSERTION POINT FOR COMPOSTABLE FOOD SCRAPS

SWEEPING PUSHPLATE EJECTS READY-TO-USE COMPOST OUT OF THE WALL TO A PICKUP POINT OUTDOORS. THIS ENSURES CONSISTENT SPACE AVAILABLE FOR NEW FOOD SCRAPS TO BE DEPOSITED INTO THE WALL

HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; MILD TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL & EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS BOOSTING CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB AND FOUNDATION (E.J. FOOD POLLUTION) (E.J. MINERL SEDIMENT)

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB AND FOUNDATION OR MILD HEAT THAT CAN RECYCLE/RENEW THE OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) RECYCLE/RENEW (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY) EITHER EXTREME OR MILD HEAT THAT INCORPORATES NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS AND MINERALS INTO THE BUILT ENVIRONEMENT A SUPPLEMENTAL TO OUR HEALTH (E.J. MINERL DUST, CLAY SEDIMENT)

FIGURE 1.30

FRICTION-BASED TEMPERATURE REGULATION

“‘SHIVER’ PLATES RADIANT FLOOR”

“‘SHIVER’ PLATES RADIANT FLOOR” FRICTION-BASED TEMPERATURE REGULATION

UPON DISCUSSING THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND PITFALLS OF INCORPORATING BIOMIMICRY INTO HEATING SYSTEMS FOR WELLNESS, WE FIND THAT THERE ARE WAYS TO INCORPORATE HEAT FEATURES FOUND IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (METABOLISM, SHIVER/SWEAT MECHANISMS,AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS, TO NAME JUST A FEW EXAMPLES) IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF WELLNESS BENEFITS MEASURED IN THIS RESEARCH AS PASSIVE SYSTEMS AND IN WAYS NOT USED PREVIOUSLY. THESE HYPOTHETICAL SYSTEM DETAILS MAY NOT ONLY ALLOW FOR AN INCREASE IN THE TYPES OF WELLNESS BENEFITS WE RECEIVE, BUT MAY ALSO PROVIDE NEW WAYS OF THINKING ABOUT PASSIVE HEATING SOLUTIONS THAT INCREASE OUR CHANCES OF BEING FULLY NET ZERO OR NET POSITIVE ENERGY IN INCREASINGLY DENSE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS. THE MORE NEW WAYS WE CAN FIND TO SUSTAINABLY AND IMPACTFULLY INCORPORATE HEATED OBJECTS AND ATMOSPHERES INTO THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, THE MORE LIKELY WE ARE TO CULTIVATE AND SUSTAIN COMMUNITY, AND HAVE ENERGY RESOURCES TO EXPEND ELSEWHERE.

STANDARD WALL SYSTEM

SLIDER SYSTEM ATTACHED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF BOTH WOOD SLABS AND WOOD BLOCKING ABOVE AND BELOW, ALLOWS SLABS TO SLIDE ALONG THE HORIZONTAL AXIS

WOOD BLOCKING SILICONE STOPPERS

HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS THAT MIMIC THE ENVIRONMENT;

HEAT FROM FRICTION PRODUCED WITHIN THE FLOOR SYSTEM BELOW RISES UPWARD AND ENTERS THE SPACE AS RADIANT HEAT

IMPLEMENT FOR CATCHING AND REDIRECTING WIND

TUNNELS CONSTRICT WIDTH OF WIND MOVEMENT, INCREASING ITS VELOCITY

CARPETING MATERIAL

CARPETING MATERIAL STRIPS ON FACING SIDES OF BOTH WOOD

CONCRETE FOUNDATION WOOD BLOCKING SILICONE STOPPERS

SLABS PRODUCE HEAT VIA FRICTION WHEN THEY RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER - THE “SHIVER” EFFECT

STRIPS ON FACING SIDES OF BOTH WOOD SLABS PRODUCE HEAT VIA FRICTION WHEN THEY RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER - THE “SHIVER” EFFECT

CONCRETE FOUNDATION

1.31

WIND PROVIDES A FORCE ACTING AGAINST SLIDING WOOD SLABS WITH SILICONE STOPPERS THAT BUMP AGAINST OTHER SILICONE STOPPERS

BOOSTING

THE OUTDOOR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT (E.J. SOIL REGENERATION, WATER QUALITY, BIODIVERSITY)

FIGURE

OXYGEN-PRODUCING AND FEEDING

“DOUBLE MEMBRANE PLANT WALL”

TOPPING

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB

SHEATHING

STRUCTURAL SUPPORT RODS TO SUPPORT THE BEAMS THAT SUPPORT THE SLIDING DOORS

GLAZING USED FOR SLIDING DOOR SYSTEM IS HIGHLY ABSORPTIVE, TRAPPING HEAT INSIDE THE WALL AND ENSURING A GREENHOUSE EFFECT IDEAL FOR PLANT GROWTH

BEAMS TO SUPPORT MULLIONS FOR SLIDING DOORS

KAWNEER MULLIONS

4-PLY REFLECTIVE GLAZING SYSTEM (VERY TIGHTLY SEALED, YET LETS IN MAXIMUM LIGHT AND HEAT)

PLANTING BEDS ARE AFFIZED TO SLIDING DOOR MULLIONS AND ALLOW FOR A 30-60 CM SOIL DEPTH, DEPENDING ON WHAT NEEDS TO BE GROWN

REBAR

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB AND FOUNDATION

FIGURE 1.32

FLUCTUATION. NO CHEMICAL CHANGES, MENTAL EMOTIONAL BENEFITS; AWARENESS CHANGES IMPORTANT FOR OUR HEALTH; PHYSICAL BENEFITS; IMMUNE BOOSTING

RECYCLE/RENEW (E.J. SOIL