Reclaiming Public Space: Banker’s Alley
Reclaiming Public Space:
Banker’s Alley A Public-Private Partnership NASHVILLE CIVIC DESIGN CENTER This mission of the Nashville Civic Design Center is to elevate the quality of Nashville’s built environment and to promote public partnership in the creation of a more beautiful and functional city for all. www.civicdesigncenter.org
This book was written and edited by Emily Kleinfelter, Joseph Mayes, Susan Steffenhagen, and Chelsea Velaga. Ron Yearwood and Eric Hoke created additional renderings, and Chelsea Velaga designed the layout. June 2014
Special thanks to Scott Chambers, Won Choi, Tamara Dickson. and the staff of the Nashville Civic Design Center for additional edits and input: Julia Fry Landstreet, Executive Director Gary Gaston, Design Director Ron Yearwood, Urban Designer Emily Kleinfelter, Intern Joseph Mayes, Intern Kion David Sawney, Intern Susan Steffenhagen, Intern Chelsea Velaga, Intern
Contents Introduction
2-3
Components
4-7
Case Studies
8-21
Process
22-23
Existing Conditions
24-25
Recommendations
26-31
Toolbox
32-35
Successful Alley Examples
36
Credits
37
Introduction Mission Statement: The goal of revitalizing Banker’s Alley is to highlight underutilized urban spaces and routes using interventions that emphasize social interconnectedness, cultural identity, and efficient transportation, while connecting locals and tourists.
We prioritized key features for the areas, and wrote detailed case studies on the features implemented in other urban environments. Public art, lighting, sustainability, and pocket parks stood out as feasible enhancements to the areas, and are detailed later in the text.
Methodology: Initially, we directed our focus towards understanding the subtleties of The District and the alleys involved. Historical and cultural contexts of the areas were highlighted for preservation. Residents in the area, as well as developers and investors, spoke to us about how increased utilization and intervention would affect the areas. The commercial and recreational potential for the area, as well as potential for livability of the neighborhoods, was central in the brainstorming stages.
After developing case studies, we individually sketched plans using key images of the area. After comparing the drawings, a standardized plan was drafted. Afterwards, a diverse group of downtown stakeholders helped select the most feasible and effective plans for the area.
Enhancing the connectivity of the areas would not only activate underused alleyways and routes, but also improve the aesthetic value of the spaces. The area contained within The District is quickly expanding commercially, as new hotels and apartments, as well as retail stores, are popping up throughout the area. Thus, it was important to research the planned expansion of the area, and work within the parameters of pre-existing plans. 2
Then, the sketches were used to create digital renderings of the plans, and detailed recommendations for the spaces involved. Bankers Alley is currently an underutilized, widely unknown space in The District. However, it could potentially become a valuable asset in connecting the Core and enhancing commercial and recreational activity.
Context: The potential development and revitalization of Banker’s Alley connects The Arcade, The 5th Avenue of the Arts, Broadway, 2nd Avenue, Printers Alley, and the Riverfront, through the alley’s extension, Bank Street. This web of connections, potentially titled ‘The Alley District’, serves as a logical path for tourists, locals, downtown employees, and nightlife seekers.
Legend Alley District (1 mile) Connection to Watefront Alleys Banker’s Alley Pedestrian Crossing
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Components The Arcade is a historic structure located between 4th and 5th avenues, and features art galleries on the second floor, and various eateries and shops on the first floor. Built in 1902, it was modeled after an arcade in Italy; thus, the entrances feature identical Palladian facades. The busiest times for the restaurants are weekdays during lunch, and the First Saturday Art Crawl. Every first Saturday of the month, new exhibits fill the upstairs galleries, and the restaurants are open late to accommodate the huge crowds. The event attracts tourists and locals alike, and is a great snapshot of local art talent. Banker’s Alley runs through the core of this once-booming financial center. Historically, Nashville was once referred to as the Wall Street of the South. Banks, insurance, and securities companies, among other financial institutions, defined the city. Thus, located in the heart of Downtown Nashville, Banker’s Alley also intersects with Printer’s Alley. While this historical alley is currently underutilized, it exhibits great potential for transformation and revitalization.
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The District is comprised of lower Broadway, 2nd Avenue North, and Printer’s Alley. These areas contribute to some of the most vibrant nightlife in Nashville. There are many bars and clubs in this area of downtown; frequently, these bars feature live music, and contribute to Nashville’s “Music City” identity. Currently, The District is a tourist’s destination, with few locals exploring the space. Connecting the north section of 2nd Avenue and Printers’ Alley to Bankers Alley will guide tourists around the district into Bankers Alley and The Arcade. This new route in The District provides a new destination for not only tourists, but locals as well.
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5th Avenue attracts both music and art lovers alike. Also known as the “Avenue of the Arts�, 5th Avenue includes many fine art galleries. The Art Crawl, held on the first Saturday of every month, stimulates the area and helps the galleries and retail stores thrive. The streetscape improvements made to 5th avenue in 2013 created a more attractive destination using artistic lighting and green space. Additionally, new pedestrian friendly sidewalks and crosswalks facilitated safety.
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5th Avenue stretches from north of the Bicentennial Mall to south of 8th Avenue. Our focus, however, remains in the district between Union Street and Broadway. The historic and new venues help bring people into the area, as well as connect the old and new attractions of downtown Nashville.
Printer’s Alley has a rich history dating back to the early 20th century. Throughout the early and mid 1900s, Cherry Street (now known as 4th Avenue) became the center of Nashville’s printing and publishing industry. Thirteen publishers and ten printers, as well as the city’s two largest newspapers, were based in and around Printer’s Alley at the turn of the century. While the business offices faced out onto the main streets, the ‘ink-soaked typesetters’ and ‘printer’s devils’ took to hanging out in the alley on their breaks. One by one, the printers moved to new locations, leaving only the alley’s name as a relic.
However, once prohibition was repealed and the sale of alcohol at restaurants was legalized, Printer’s Alley was no longer the only place in town to imbibe. This led to the downfall of Printer’s Alley’s reputation as the hub of Nashville’s nightlife. The alley is now home to bars, restaurants, and adult entertainment venues.
In the 1940s, nightclubs began to open up in the alley. Printer’s Alley soon became the center of the city’s nightlife, and increased traffic to hotels, restaurants, and saloons fronting Men’s Quarter on 4th Avenue. The alley flourished during prohibition because Mayor Hilary Howse protected its ability to illegally sell alcohol.
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Case Studies Public Art Public art, along with privately funded art in public places, plays a huge role in enhancing the beauty and livability of urban spaces. Unexpected artistic interventions enhance the vitality of a space, and promote social interaction while emphasizing public participation and cultural co-creation. Types of public art include sculpture, mural painting, and street performance. These art forms engage the public and take aesthetic and social art practices outside of the museum context. Working as a catalyst for enhanced interaction, public art re-conceptualizes a space as singular as an alleyway, or as broad as an entire neighborhood. Additionally, these types of interventions express civic identity and symbolism, while also articulating site-specific community participation.
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Successful public art highlights the surrounding area, and does not detract from the utility and recreational value of its environment. The dragon sculpture in Fannie Mae Dees Park, for example, is not only an aesthetically pleasing sculptural mosiac, but also a structure that invites children and adults alike to play and congregate. A subtle yet powerful example of seamless integration into a pre-existing environment is Sol LeWitt’s Lines in Four Directions in Flowers. For this piece, LeWitt enlisted the help of a landscape architect to plant more then 7000 flowers in strategically symmetrical rows in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. This piece, although massive in scale, blends into the natural environment, and juxtaposes organic materials with man-made precision and symmetry. The work is framed by the existing architecture of the space, and thus effectively enhances the outdoor space, as opposed to distracting from the main facade of the museum. Similarly, the dragon sculpture in Fannie Mae Dees Park activates the potential energy of the space yet remains integrated in the surrounding playground.
Public art is different than other arenas of art because it proposes its own particular model for thinking about the way all art functions—as a dynamic exchange of intervention, production, delivery, reception, and action rather than more formal characteristics. Public art can shape the collective imagination and can provide a sense of the consequences of individual desire and actions within a shared physical and cultural environment. The dragon sculpture in Fannie Mae Dees park attracts locals and tourists alike (below). Sol Lewitt’s landscape installation infuses geometry into the natural environment (right).
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Another successful piece, on a much smaller scale, is Nashville’s own Catfish Out of Water series. In 2003, brightly painted individualized catfish sculptures were placed throughout the city, and quickly became an attraction for tourists and locals alike. The playful and imaginative aesthetic of the piece balanced the more serious conceptual reasoning, as the work was designed to highlight environmental issues such as the massive groundwater loss occurring in Nashville and the effects of pollution on the Catfish population and their natural habitat. Additionally, the city-wide intervention joined communities across town, and promoted exploration of the city.
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Similar projects have appeared in cities such as Chicago; The Cow Parade exhibit, seen below, featured colorful cow sculptures placed throughout the city that were eventually auctioned off in order to raise money for various charities.
A major component of public art is often the site-specific nature in which it exists. The meaning and intentionality of a public installation works in dialogue with the physical site for which it was created, or has been installed. Murals are a common form of public art, and often reflect the culture and spirit of a neighborhood or commercial district. Many murals utilize bold colors and strong lettering for vibrancy, such as the typographic murals shown to the right. “I Believe in Nashville” murals, created by local design shop DCXV, have been popping up in neighborhoods around town; subsequently, they have attracted tourists and locals alike, and have provided not only a great backdrop for local designers’ photo shoots, but also a splash of color to the surrounding areas.
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Environmental Aspects Many downtown alleys today remain underutilized and abandoned. Standing, unsanitary water, lack of any form of light, and a lack of greenery contribute to their dismal atmospheres. These inconveniences can be addressed by transforming everyday alleys into Green Alleys, which incorporate Green Infrastructure (GI) elements such as permeable pavements, bioretention, and street trees. Chicago, Illinois has been at the forefront of this Green Alleys initiative. The Chicago Green Alley Program began in 2006, and by 2010, there were over 100 Green Alleys throughout the city. The program’s main goal is to promote more efficient practices in storm water management within public alleys, and address drainage issues without incurring additional expensive sewer infrastructure improvements. Chicago city planners believe that permeable paving, recycled materials, reflective pavements, and energy-efficient lighting reduce the amount of runoff into the storm sewer system by up to 80%. Additionally, these changes reduce localized flooding of nearby properties and the urban heat island effect.
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In order to achieve these results, city planners have outlined 4 pilot approaches to achieving greener alleys: • Green pavement materials with conventional drainage • Full alley Infiltration using permeable pavement • Center alley infiltration using permeable pavement • Green pavement materials with subsoil filtration system
The City of Chicago and CDOT have taken additional measures to include the public in these newly established Green Alleys. For easy identification each Green Alley has the same image stamped on both ends of the alleyway, and are thus easily identifiable. Additionally, they have reached out to adjacent landowners and encouraged them to implement practices that would maximize the effectiveness of the neighboring Green Alleys. These recommendations include recycling and composting, as well as planting trees, plants, and/or a rain garden. Alternate practices include barrel/cistern utilization, permeable pavement, green roofs, energy-efficient/dark sky lighting, naturalized detention, and bioswales/vegetated swales.
Chicago may have one of the most established Green Alleys programs, but other cities are quickly following suit. Los Angeles is currently in the process of bringing their Green Alleys Project to the neglected alleyways of South Los Angeles. The alleys’ new permeable paving allows rainwater to seep into the ground, preventing the accumulation of unsanitary, undesirable standing water. This same water will irrigate plants along the alleyways, fostering mini parks and mitigating storm water runoff. However, the alleys will remain underutilized if locals and tourists alike are not encouraged to use them. Therefore, significant increases in crosswalk striping, lighting, and signage will encourage pedestrian use.
A typical Chicago alley, accompanied by standing water and asphalt. Source: The Chicago Green Alley Handbook
Additionally, many native and drought-tolerant plants will be planted where possible. These types of greenery are low maintenance, andprovide beauty and shade to the alley.
The same alley as pictured above. Now, however, the permeable pavement, among other Green Alley principles, have eliminated standing water. Source: The Chicago Green Alley Handbook
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The first Detroit Green Alley was finished in 2010. Unsightly concrete was replaced with permeable asphalt and salvaged brick pavers that maintained consistent plant growth and water absorption.
A Detroit alleyway off Second Avenue. This alley would become the first Green Alley in Detroit.[Source: detroit.curbed.com]
Detroit’s first Green Alley after completion. As opposed to the same alley from years before (above), it now encompasses multiple key Green Infrastructure elements. [Source: detroit.curbed.com]
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In addition to enhancing the sustainability factors of the alley, officials increased pedestrian access and safety by erecting bollards on both ends. Low energy lights promoted safety and improved the overall atmosphere. Aesthetically, the area was greatly improved by implementing organized gardens full of native plant species, in place of the stray weeds popping up through cracks in the asphalt.
Pocket Parks Parks and plazas play a huge role in public spaces, and allow for relaxation, nature walks, community events, and concerts; additionally, “recreation is always an important park value, … the presence of other values makes the landscape and park purposes and uses considerably richer.” (Rethinking Urban Parks). Proper park features enhance public participation and leisure in these areas. A park along Banker’s Alley will support many of the goals in the Nashville Open Space Plan, as well as principles in The Plan of Nashville. Increased plant growth will contribute to the tree canopy addressed in the Open Space Plan, and provide shade and natural value to the space; these changes will also encourage interventions in the downtown area.
A park helps “reestablish the streets as the principle public space of community and connectivity”, one of the Ten Principles in The Plan of Nashville. A park will thrive near retail establishments, and influence more tourists and locals to visit Printers Alley and surrounding attractions. Additionally, park spaces increase opportunities for public art installations, thus supporting another one of the Ten Principles. A park would aid in connecting Bankers Alley across 3rd and 4th Avenues. The enhanced connectivity will expose more people to Printers’ Alley and generate more traffic for future and existing retail establishments.
Located in historic downtown Lebanon, Ohio, The Lebanon Citizen National Bank Pocket Park provides a place to sit and relax in a very small area. Thus, a small, underutilized space can be transformed into an attraction for residents and tourists alike.
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Greenacre Park in New York City, shown below, illustrates how fountains and vertical gardens can be effectively used in compact public spaces. The greenery in this small area allows users to escape the urban landscape and have a quiet lunch in a small trove of natural life. The park also features various types of seating, and can accommodate visitors based on their specific needs.
Small spaces can house elaborate attractions that pull in both tourists and local visitors. The 6th Ave NW pocket parks in Seattle (shown to the right) include interactive elements such as a giant functional chessboard and movable furniture. Accordingly, the park features a multi-use stage that draws a variety of different guests for concerts, performances, and presentations. The park also contains a nature walk and outdoor seating, which creates a serene and peaceful getaway while remaining within the enclosed space of the park.
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Potentially even more feasible that pocket parks are parklets, which are small urban parks capable of replacing multiple parking spaces with patios, plants, seating, and greenery. In terms of cost, parklets are less expensive to implement than pocket parks. Rather than being financed by local governments, these parklets are typically privately owned and funded public spaces. The costs often include the design, obtaining a permit, fabrication, and installation of the parklet. Cities can also waive permitting fees, or assist applicants in locating vendors. However, once the parklet is finished, the adjacent owner is often responsible for overseeing maintenance, security, and general upkeep. Parklets, such as the one to the left, receive revenue for upkeep and other maintenance costs through the vendors that initially established them. In other circumstances, parklet supervisors may utilize various vendors, both permanent and mobile, to generate revenue. For example, the parklet on 5th Avenue and Church Street doubles as seating for customers at Puckett’s, the adjacent restuarant. Patrons of surrounding eateries activate the parklet, while contributing revenue to the surrounding area.
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Lighting in Alleys Ample lighting in alleys is imperative to maintaining safe environments. A well-lit alley discourages crime, increases foot-traffic, and encourages artful elements. Improving alley lighting is not only favored by law enforcement officials, but also commonly suggested by the general public. When a pedestrian passes by an alley with adequate lighting, they are far more likely to utilize it. Following the direction of Seattle’s Pioneer Square Alleys, transforming Nashville alleys into pedestrian-friendly spaces takes an adaptable, evolutionary approach to lighting.
The alleys shown to the right illustrate the ominous environment created by poor lighting. Dim alleyways deter pedestrian use, and thus many of these alleys become neglected.
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The following goals detail the necessary approach: • Emphasizing the assets of an alleyway requires a variety of small, low-impact lighting • strategies that can accentuate architectural elements and highlight the uniqueness of these spaces • To create a more human-scaled experience for pedestrians, use string lighting to trace a meandering path down the alley, inviting visitors to explore down the alley and creating a “ceiling” to the alley space • Illuminating the entries to buildings gives them each a legibility and makes the alleys feel welcoming to new visitors
Trimble Court Alley in Fort Collin, Colorado displays ample lighting within an alley, both with street lamps and Tivoli style string lighting.
Designed by Dario Cavaliere, these large, glowing arboreal-shaped lights incorporate both artistic and illuminating elements to an alley in Rome.
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Alleys that are paved and well lit are perceived as neater in appearance and are safer than their dim counterparts. It would be in the best interests of a city to expand its security and nighttime appearance. Doing so should instill pride in citizens and would be likely to eliminate the cluttered condition of some alleys. Lighting at night, however, is not the only important aspect of a well-lit alley. Research suggests that exposure to natural light is conducive to productivity, comfort, and overall happiness. Using natural sunlight to illuminate The Arcade and Banker’s Alley would preserve the authenticity of the site, and maintain its cultural value and historical significance. Nashville’s Printer’s Alley
Natural lighting also brings ambiance to a space, and adding softer lights or playing with lighting temperature can bring new life and atmosphere to an alley. In a high-density mixed-use alley such as Bankers Alley, an addition of lighting makes the deep alley feel brighter and more inviting. However, in a commercial district alley such as The Arcade, maximizing windows would allow natural light into retail spaces.
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Seattle’s historic Post Alley
Proposed Light Installation The “Harmonic Fugue” tunnel on Hendrix College’s campus in Conway, Arkansas is an interactive sound and light environment designed by Christopher Janney to “make the passageway not just a transition space, but a destination place for creative play at all hours of the day and night.” As visitors wave ther hands, both an LED light and an ever-changing soundscape from the audio speakers are triggered. Also designed into the artwork is a “riddle” created by Janney, adding an additional experience for the returning participant.
Janney built this tunnel with the intention of speaking to the social interaction of public spaces. Taking note from Conway, a light installation would benefit Printer’s Alley, stretching from Commerce Street to Church Street. This provides a promising opportunity for private/public collaborations with CMT and the Downtown Partnership to create a more aesthetically pleasing pathway while minimizing interference with loading areas along the alleyway.
The “Harmonic Fugue” tunnel in Conway, Arkansas was designed by artist Christopher Janney to make an interactive space for both students of Hendrix College and local residents.
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Process
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Existing Conditions: Banker’s Alley • Underutilized, despite its proximity to Printer’s Alley • Visually unappealing, low aesthetic energy • Flanked by unattractive parking garages • Area of high water runoff • No lighting fixtures or signage • Unappealing adjacent alleys • Lack of identity
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Recommendations Concept A The underutilized space between 3rd Avenue and Printer’s Alley could potentially house both retail and restaurant establishments capable of drawing locals and tourists alike to the area. High-end retailers such as Anthropologie are thriving in Nashville, and could thus draw clientele to the downtown-area. Retail spaces on the first floor of the adjacent garage, along with a rotating billboard (suited for advertisements and public art) will bring additional revenue to the area.
retail and restaurant spaces
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green wall for irrigation and increased flora
Sustainability features such as a green wall, irrigation waterfall, and permeable pavement will maintain an environmentally safe space through Banker’s Alley, as well as add greenery to the downtown area. Movable furniture and bleachers will encourage park activity and events, while establish the area as a vibrant and bustling plaza.
moveable park furniture and cafe seating
rotating billboard featuring advertisements, public art, and white space for video projections
permeable grass pavers creating a route through the district
bleachers for event seating
enhanced lighting
waterfall for irrigation and aesthetic purposes
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Concept B The same space between 3rd Avenue and Printer’s Alley will contain additional housing in the form of micro units. These units provide an affordable way to move into this uniquely urban area. Retail spaces on the bottom floor of the space provide additional opportunities for commercial ventures.
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A prominently featured typographic mural will reference Nashville’s letterpress history, and add aesthetic energy to the area. Enhanced lighting will create a safer environment while promoting nightlife. Similarly, new signage establishes the identity of Banker’s Alley while adding artistic elements to the area.
micro units for affordable and convenient housing in the downtown area
schweiss hydraulic doors for increased visual energy and seating options
typographic mural
corner retail/restaurant space capable of engaging both sides of the alley
revamped signage
ample outdoor seating opportunities
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Concept C
cafe
signage
The stretch of Banker’s Alley from 2nd to 4th is currently used almost exclusively for parking. By revamping this path with signage, lighting, and seating, as well as retail establishments, the space becomes a destination. The pathway formed by the lights guides patrons through the route while simultaneously creating a safer environment. Cafes and boutiques on the ground floors of the adjacent buildings will bring in additional activity, as well as revenue. Museum/hotel 21C is currently being developed in the adjacent building, and will add to the rich art atmoshphere in the Visually striking pavement is crucial for various reasons. Firstly, the presence of a visual marker emphasizes the connectivity of the various streets and alleys. Tourists and others unfamiliar with the area can confidently explore a connected, planned section of downtown using this visual guide. Secondly, this visualization emphasizes the importance of the area as home to hotels, restaurants, and shops.
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enhanced lighting
outdoor bistro seating
The image below provides a view down Banker’s Alley from 3rd Ave. The image above features the area from 4th Ave to Printer’s Alley.
Concept D Bankers Alley between 3rd avenue and Printers’ Alley, shown to the right, is currently used for nothing more than parking. However, this space is capable of housing both a park and retail space. Elevated seating allows for views of the surrounding area, as well as additioal retail or eateries. Furthermore, visitors can view murals displayed on the garage,
viewing platform and outdoor event seating
ground floor retail
vegetation shade
water feature for storm water mitigation
rotating facade for art and advertisements
traffic bollards
green wall
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Concept E Beginning at 1st avenue, Bankers Alley can connect the waterfront to The Arcade and to the Avenue of the Arts. Creating a wider sidewalk and stores that intereact with passerbys activate the area and bring more people into rest of Bankers Alley. Replacing the current parking lot with a mixed use building would also allow the current Bank Street to feel more like an alley. Using similar lighting as the rest of the alley and making a clear connection from the cobblestones between 1st and 2nd avenues to Bankers Alley adjacent to the future 21C will show a clear connection for podestrians walking to and from the river.
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Concept F The view from 2nd to 3rd shows string lighting that not only aesthetically improves the area, but also makes it a safer destination. The lights create a path down Banker’s Alley, and illuminate the outdoor seating. The movable furniture encourages people to remain in the area for longer, and enjoy the many retail and culinary opportunities nearby. enhanced lighting for safety and aesthetic purposes
permeable pavement to help with storm water irrigation
The 21c museum/hotel will feature an attractive back entrance that will draw visitors into the space. A The added signage in the area will promote Banker’s Alley as a destination, and simultaneously preserve the history of the area.
consistent and appealing signage
Back entrance to 21c
Retail and restaurant to activate the alley
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Toolbox The components involved in a successfully utilized alley are readily available both locally and globally. When implementing these components, preserving the character and 足足足足nuances of the surrounding area is vital. Used together, these components create an inviting and appealing alley that promotes safety, sustainability, commerce, and creativity.
Consistent Signage
Lighting
Increased Commercialization
Landscaping 34
Sustainability
Public Art
Increased Connectivity
Movable Furniture 35
Features The map to the right includes components from the toolbox, case studies, and recommendations. The aerial view contextualizes the intended changes, and combinesthe different elements of the report.
Legend Riverfront Park Proposed Building Proposed Retail Proposed Park Seating for Proposed Projection Mixed-Use Retail and Residential Expansion of pedestrian connectivity Permeable Pavers* Pedestrian Crossing* Movable Furniture* Art Installation* Art Installation* Lights* String Lights* Banker’s Alley * - refer to image below
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pedestrian crossing
a
Arc
permeable pavers
billboard art installation
movable
ade
e furniture
lights
string lights
art installation
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Successful Alley Examples
Detriot
Agueda, Portugal
Denver Detroit
Sydney, Australia 38
Photo Credits Page
Image
Source
Cover Banker’s Alley
Eric Hoke, NCDC
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Ron Yearwood
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5th Avenue Banker’s Alley Map of the District
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5th Ave of the Arts
Paramore, www.paramoredigital.com
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Printer’s Alley
Detroit Duchess, www.detroitduchess.com
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Fannie Mae Dees Park Philadelphia Museum of Art
www.activerain.trulia.com www.gardenhistorygirl.blogspot.com
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Catfish Out of Water Cows on Parade
www.nashville.about.com, www.ferrebeekeeper.wordpress.com www.johntunger.com, www.artattackjim.blogspot.com
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I Believe in Nashville Mural Typographic Mural
DCXV, www.fashionofanovice.blogspot.com www.designworklife.com
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Lebanon Park
www.kleinfgers.com
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Greenacre Park
Hiroko Masuike, New York Times
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6th Ave NW Park
(2) GGLO, www.gglo.com
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Dark Alleys
Wattsgm, www.panoramio.com, Dark City Alley, www.galleryhip.com
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Trimble Court Antler Lights
Bradley Smith, www.azurground.com TrendHunter, www.trendhunter.com
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Post Alley Printer’s Alley
Chuck Pefley, www.almostoneday.blogspot.com. Tiffany M. Roberts, www.nashvilledesignhistory.wordpress.com
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Harmonic Fugue
Christopher Janney, www.janneysounds.com
www.thedistrictnashville.org
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Photo Credits Page
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Image
Source
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Banker’s Alley
www.googlemaps.com
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Banker’s Alley
www.googlemaps.com
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Concept A
Eric Hoke, NCDC
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Concept A
Eric Hoke, NCDC
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Concept B
Emily Kleinfelter
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Concept B
Emily Kleinfelter
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Concept C
Emily Kleinfelter
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Concept D
Ron Yearwood
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Concept E
Joseph Mayes, Emily Kleinfelter
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Concept F
Emily Kleinfelter
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Toolbox
www.flikr.com, www.pedestrianfriendly.wordpress.com, www.zeleno.com, www.eastoneccentric.blogspot.com,
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Toolbox
www.samstradwick.blogspot.com, www.generalpavingstones.com, Emily Kleinfelter, www.visionmasters.com
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Features
Joseph Mayes
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Features
Joseph Mayes
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Successful Alley Examples
www.trekearth.com, www.urbanful.com, www.detroitenv.org, www.alleyofseattle.com
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