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November, 2015. Mrs. Valeria Verdalet
Andrea Camila RodrĂguez
Dr. Socorro Guajardo
*Introduction………………………… Pg.2 *Chemistry and Other Sciences to the Progress of Modern World ……. Pg.4
*Chemical Elements and Compounds in Daily Life ………………………………. Pg.9 *Evolution of Atomic Theories and
Modern Periodic Table ………….. Pg.12 *Chemical Bond in Substances Used in Industry…………………………………. Pg.17
*Reflection…………………………… Pg.21
Directory: Mrs. Valeria Verdalet Dr. Socorro Guajardo
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In this month’s edition we will be sharing with you the importance of Chemistry in your daily life, as well as some really interesting articles about the basics of this awesome science! Hope you enjoy and learn from it! Thank you! -Andrea Camila RodrĂguez Salazar
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Chemistry’s Contributions
In the warfare field Chemistry has
Chemistry has contributed with many
also contributed with the
other fields of science to create many of
development of weapons, because
the amazing things we have in today’s life.
chemistry studies the reactions of
Some of the fields Chemistry mostly
materials.
contributes with are medicine, food, warfare, global warming, etc.
Chemistry has also contributed in the global warming because of the
Along with Medicine, Chemistry has
greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
developed in the last century different
water vapor, methane, etc.) that stay
types of medicines, medical equipment
in the atmosphere causing the
and better diagnostic devices that have
temperature to drastically change.
helped us live better and cure the diseases we get, as well as preventing
them.
Some of the many ways Chemistry contributes with the food fields is in the development of pesticides and fertilizers that make the crops grow faster and better.
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3 Ways to Stop the Melting of
http://www2.saplingl earning.com/sites/de fault/files/course_intr o_chem_2.jpg
the Polar Ice The melting of polar ice caps is one of the causes of global warming, this is destroying many habitats and our biodiversity is reducing. Some ways to stop this are the following:
.Advantages and Disadvantages
of Chemistry in the Modern World
*Use energy alternatives, for example: solar energy. Solar panels
Chemistry can give our lives
might be expensive, but in the long
advantages and disadvantages, just
way they will benefit you a lot, since
every other thing, and it is
the earth won´t get as polluted and
important for us to know about
the energy this panels generate
them
from the sun is free!
Some advantages we get from
*Replace your stoves for clean
chemistry is all the things we get to
burning biomass stoves.
discover thanks to it. Without
*Reduce our use of oil, coat,
chemistry, we wouldn’t have all the
gasoline, etc. (Whenever it is
technologies we have now days.
possible, skip car rides and go in a
But, chemistry can also have
bicycle, walking, etc.)
disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages Chemistry has is that some of the things we get to discover result to be pollutants for our environment, or the pesticides we use for foods aren’t healthy for
http://www.shiawisdom.com/wpour body, etc. content/uploads/2015/01/Melting-Polar-Ice-Bear700x525.jpg
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References Tehuitzitl, F., & Morales, G. (2015). Chemistry 1 Learning Guide (Second ed., p. 29). Monterrey, Nuevo Le贸n: Proveedora de Servicios. Health and Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.chemgeneration.com/milestones/healthand-medicine.html Food and Agriculture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.chemgeneration.com/milestones/foodand-agriculture.html Fitzgerald, G. (n.d.). Chemical Warfare and Medical Response During World War I. Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2376985/ How atmospheric chemistry and physics effects global warming. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.abelard.org/briefings/global_warming_atmosph eric_chemistry_physics.php (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2012/04/the-best-wayto-stop-the-melting-of-arctic-ice-and-himalyans-glaciersreduce-soot.html
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Did you know? Around 96% of our body is composed by four elements, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Hydrogen, and we obtain most of this by drinking water!
When these elements are consumed in excess or in deficiency our body starts getting sick , that is why we should live a health lifestyle in where we balance the type of food we eat, as well as the amounts. A great option we can follow to keep our diet balanced is the “Eat well Dish”.
Our body is composed by elements, and some of the most abundant elements are Oxygen, Hydrogen, Calcium, Carbon and Nitrogen. Element
Function
Oxygen
Building block of biomolecules and water. Building block of organic and biomolecules. Component of biomolecules, water and stomach acids.
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium
Component of nucleic acids and proteins. Needed for bones and teeth, as well for muscle contractions and nerve impulses.
But, are these elements bad for our body in huge amounts? Of course they are! Just like everything else! In order to have the best function of our body we should consume these elements but in considered amounts.
www.know-your-food.co.uk In order to have a healthy lifestyle we should start by changing our habits. Some things we can do to live healthier and happier are the following: -Always eat a healthy breakfast, since this is the most important meal of all! -Eat 5 times a day, this will keep your metabolism working. -Drink from 6-8 glasses of water per day. -Exercise at least 30 minutes a day! -Reduce your consume of sugars, sodium, soft drinks, juices, etc. -Eat more vegetables!
“Healthy is Happy”
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Most Common Compounds in our Surroundings Besides elements being a great part of our life, we also are surrounded y compounds. What are compounds? Compounds are substances formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. Many of the things we consume or use are made up of compounds.
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Some of these are: Water (H2O), Table Salt (NaCl), Acetone ((CH3)2CO), Baking Soda (NaHCO3) and Citric Acid (C6H8O7). Water is the most common and used compound on Earth, since it is the base of life.
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Table Salt is what we usually use to give flavor to food and is also used for cleaning purposes. beautybomber.com Acetone is really used in the medicine and cosmetics fields, specially it is used to remove nail polish. Baking Soda is one of the compounds with more uses, it can be used in the kitchen, for cleaning and bleaching, and for beauty and health purposes, also it can be used as a deodorant. The last compound mentioned is Citric Acids, and this is an organic compounds since we get it mostly from citric fruits, such as oranges, lemon, grapefruit, etc. This compound is used for culinary and medical purposes.
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References Timberlake, K. (2015). Chemistry Structures of Life (Fifth ed., p. 64 and 109). PEARSON.
Schirber, B. (2009, April 16). The Chemistry of Life: The Human Body. Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.livescience.com/3505-chemistrylife-human-body.html Jamie Oliver. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.jamieoliver.com/healthy-livingtips/#w4poVCd4BCfcqoQG.97 The Most Important Chemical Compounds. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.famousscientists.org/the-mostimportant-chemical-compounds/ Miller, K., & Levine, J. (2014). Biology (p. 36). New Jersey: PEARSON.
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Atomic Theories Throughout history, scientists have developed different theories about atoms, what they are?, what are they composed of?, etc.
Democritus (442 BC) *He said that all matter was composed by indivisible elements.
John Dalton (1803)
J.J. Thomson (1897)
*Matter is made up of particles called atoms. *Atoms are spherical.
*He discovered electrons and his model had protons and electrons scattered throughout the atom.
Ernest Rutherford (1898) *Discovered that protons were positive charged particles which are in the nucleus.
Niels Bohr (1913) *He said electrons travel around the nucleus in orbitals.
Erwin Schrรถdinger (1926) *He said that the quantum state changes over time.
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Modern Atomic Theory The Modern Atomic Theory is said to be started with John Dalton’s theory, with his knowledge and the other scientists' theories today and atom is known to be composed by three subatomic particles: nucleus, proton and electrons. The nucleus and the proton are in the center of the atoms, the nucleus, and the electrons are orbiting around the nucleus in the energy clouds.
The Quantum Numbers
crescentok.com The Periodic Table Around 1770, Lavoiser discovered 33 elements and he classified them as metals and nonmetals. Then during 1869 Mendeleev created the first periodic table ever, which was in order of the atomic weight of the elements and it had some elements missing. After this, in 1914 Mosley determined the atomic numbers of the elements, and the periodic table was reorganized.
The Quantum Numbers Bohr’s model only showed the size of the orbit and electron will be in, so he used one quantum number, but Schrödinger used three since he describe the size, shape and orientation in space of a particular orbital. To describe the size we use the principal quantum number , which is (n), for the shape we use the angular quantum number (l) and for the spacing we us the magnetic quantum number (m).
Today’s periodic table has 118 elements; it is organized like a big grid. On the left side we have the metals, on the middle the metalloids and in the right the nonmetals.
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The periodic table includes groups, the columns, and periods, the rows. The metals from the first and second group are the ones in the center of the table; this can be lanthanides (elements with atomic numbers from 57 to 71) or actinides (from 89 to 103).
www.chem4kids.com
The periodic table is really important for all the ones studying and applying chemistry since from there we can get to know different information of the elements, as well as how reactive they are.
www.chem4kids.com
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References Timberlake, K. (2015). Chemistry Structures of Life (Fifth ed., p. 11 AND 112). PEARSON. Atomic theory Timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.softschools.com/timelines/atomic_ theory_timeline/95/
Quantum Numbers and Electron Configurations. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topi creview/bp/ch6/quantum.html How did Lavoisier classify elements known in his time? (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/ history/faq/antoines-elements.shtml
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As we all know industries use many chemicals and substances. Some of the most used are Ammonia, Sodium Chloride and Nitrogen. *Ammonia : -Polar Covalent -It is important since it is used to remove pollutants from fossil fuels combustion streams. It is also used as a fertilizer. -Colourless Gas -Highly soluble in water. -Corrosive to some metals. -Not electrically conductive. *Sodium Chloride : -Ionic Sodium Chloride is one of the largest inorganic material used by different industries. It is used as a food preservative, flavor agent, mineral in animal’s diet, snow and ice control. - Readily soluble in water . -Solid -Odorless -Good conductor of electricity.
*Nitrogen : -Non Polar Covalent -It is used to control pollution in the industries. Industries use it to destroy toxic liquids and vapors. -Gas -Colourless -Odorless -Not electrically conductive. -Soluble in water.
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References A Look at Common Industrial Chemicals. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.cheresources.com/indchems.shtml Polarity of Simple Inorganic Compounds. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/212inorga nic.html Uses of Nitrogen | Uses Of. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.usesof.net/uses-of-nitrogen.html Sodium Chloride. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from https://www.ihs.com/products/sodiumchloride-chemical-economics-handbook.html Nitrogen - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from http://www.rsc.org/periodictable/element/7/nitrogen 17
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What we can learn from the information presented in this magazine is that Chemistry is more in our daily lives than we know. Practically all of the things we eat and use are composed by elements, compounds, etc. We could also learn about what elements we should eat and how to have a better and healthier lifestyle. We hope you enjoyed the content of this magazine and that it helps you in your daily life. Thank you! 20