Cooling
Back Wash
Sand Filter
Rolling Mill
Fil Aid Filter Aid
Sand Filter
Scale Pit
12,000 GPM
Rope Skimmer
Scale Roll Off Dewatering Aid
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After Dewatering Aid
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Filtered Water Clean Up Filtered Water Clean Up ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Common Challenges ‐ System Design • • • • • • •
Deep Scale Pit or Pump Wells Variable Water Level in Scale Pit Poor Access to Feed Points Poor Ability to Remove Floating Oil Poor Ability to Remove Floating Oil Short Residence Time No Filtration Poor Mixing Energy ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Cooling
Blow Down
Caster
Flush Water
Emulsion Breaker Oil
Flocculant
Settling Pond Settling Pond
Scale ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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• Turbidity before new treatment ranged from y f g f 30 to 60 NTU’s.
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• After new program turbidity runs from 4 to 10 NTU’s with lower chemical usage.
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Caster Oil
Settling Basin
Emulsion Breaker
Cooling
Flocculant
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
Scale Pit and Sump
Scale
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Watch for Adverse Chemical Interactions • Defoamer – Over use of anti‐foaming agents can reduce flotation of oil and grease flotation of oil and grease
• Antiscalant ‐ Dispersant – Excess feed of anionic dispersing agents can make Excess feed of anionic dispersing agents can make coagulation of solids more difficult
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Settling Rate vs Particle Size Particle Size mm Dia.
Order of Size
Time to Settle 1 Foot
1.0
Coarse Sand
3 Sec.
0.1
Fine Sand
38 Sec.
0.01
Silt
33 Min.
0.001
Bacteria
55 Hours
0.0001
Colloidal
y 230 Days
0.00001
Colloidal
6.3 Years
Based on Silica Sand; specific gravity 2.65 ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
36
Stoke'ss Law Stoke
V =
G (P1 ‐
2 P2 ) D
18 u 18 u
V = Time to Settle G = Gravity P1 = Particle Density P1 = Particle Density
P2 = Liquid Density D = Diameter of Particle u = Viscosity of Liquid Vi it f Li id
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Characteristics of Water Temp. oC
Density
Viscosity
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
0.99987 0 99987 1.00000 0.99988 0.99953 0.99897 0 99823 0.99823 0.99733 0.99626
1.79 1 79 1.57 1.39 1.24 1.12 1 01 1.01 0.92 0.84
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
Temp. oF 32 0 32.0 39.2 46.4 53.6 60.8 68 0 68.0 75.2 82.4 38
How Do Polymers Work? l k?
Charge Neutralization
Coagulation
Flocculation
Particle Bridging ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Anionically Dispersed Suspended Particles ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Primary Coagulant Primary Coagulant ‐ Emulsion Breaker
Very High Cationic Charge Very High Cationic Charge
Low Molecular Weight
Neutralizes Particle Charge
Used Alone or with Flocculant ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
41
The addition of cationic charges neutralizes the anionic surface charge allowing the particles to contact each other allowing the particles to contact each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+
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Solid Particles Coagulated into Flocs ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Flocculant occu a t
Cationic, Anionic, or Nonionic , ,
High Molecular Weight
Particle Bridging Agent
Use Alone or with Primary C Coagulant l t
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Flocs Bridged Together with a Flocculant ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Relattive Mo olecularr Weigh ht
Flocculants
Primary Primary Coagulants
Dispersants
‐100
‐80 ‐60
‐40 40
‐20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent Charge Density ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Primary Coagulant Dosage Curve
Seettled Turbidity
Underdosed
Overdosed
Optimum Dosage Optimum Dosage Range
Polymer Addition Rate ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Selecting the Treatment Program Selecting the Treatment Program – Jar Tests
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Purpose of Jar Testing Purpose of Jar Testing Select Treatment Program Predict Treatment Effectiveness P di t T t t Eff ti Trouble Shoot Operation Trouble Shoot Operation Recommend Treatment Adjustments Recommend Treatment Adjustments
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Effective Application Requires: Effective Application Requires:
Product Selection Product Selection Feed Point F dS Feed System Dosage Control • • •
Continuous Feed Intermittent Feed Pace to Turbidity
ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Polymer Handling Concerns y g
Shelf Life
Separation
Freeze Protection
Spill Containment
Solution Preparation
Solution Aging Solution Aging ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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Calibration Tube For Draw Downs Do Not Draw Downs – Do Not Rely on Pump Settings
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tomh@chemtreat.com ChemTreat’s Steel Industry Water Conference 9‐12 to 9‐14‐2012 , Clearwater Beach FL * Confidential * Do Not Duplicate without Permission
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