Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Lacaton & Vassal Pritzker Architecture prize winner 2021
Define architectural approach that responds to the happening issues in today's world 1. climate 2. ecological emergencies 3, urban dwelling & existing projects in the established cities. 2
Cheuk Ming Ng
Transformation of 530 dwellings, block G, H, I (Bordeaux)
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
FRAC Dunkerque (Dunkirk)
Adaptive reuse projects that are well-known for 1. respect for existing objects on the site 2. how to use the resources available to improve the spatial quality. Transformation of the Bois le Prêtre Tower (Paris) 3
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Consideration of practicality and the full utilisation of existing resources - What do people need? - How can they be achieved? - What should be kept and why? - What value they create? 4
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Paris
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Student and Social housing, Ourcq-Jaurès, Paris 19 Designed by Lacaton & Vassal
Completed: 2013 Area: 5740 m2 Contains of 98 student dwellings and 30 social dwellings as well as a specialist care home and 3 shops.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology The project provides spacious dwellings and gives, as much as possible, the opportunity to the inhabitants to enjoy the 2 situations: on the garden and on the street. Located close to "La petite ceinture du 19eme", the abandoned small 19th-century belt now converted into a leisure urban park, the design provides the opportunity for the recovered nature to extend into the building. Located close to "La petite ceinture du 19eme", the abandoned small 19th-century belt now converted into a leisure urban park, the design provides the opportunity for the recovered nature to extend into the building.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology- Walking Footage 101_Student and Social Housing by Lacaton & Vassal_Surrounding Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement Date of Record: 08/17/2023 15:00 Paris Average Tempearture: 27 Degree Celcius Paris Average Wind Speed: 3.056 m/s Note: On the street level, the temperature is higher than average. The wind was very limited, despite the fact that the building is only a block away from the waterfront. The humidity is at a comfortable level.
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Main Residential Entry Temperature: 32.8 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 44.6% Dew Point: 18.6 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 32.8 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.6m/s - 1.0m/s
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Parking Entrance Temperature: 32.8 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 45.3% Dew Point: 18.6 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 32.8 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.3m/s
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Ground Floor Commercial 33.0 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 44.7% 18.8 Degree Celsius Dew Point: Wind Chill: 33.0 Degree Celsius 0.1m/s - 0.4m/s Wind Speed 9
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Balcony/ window is a crucial design feature. I was able to observe the signature move of Lacaton & Vassal from outside- the facade composed of - full-height window - Internal thermal curtain - Translucent wave panel And it is remarkable to observe how people are actually using them. On the hot summer day as I visited, people kept most of the windows and curtains closed to avoid direct sunlight from the south side. If the thermal insulation is knitted with the light insulation, how should people get natural light on a hot day? It's a worthy point to revisit. 10
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Close-up & Detail shot Residents are more likely to open their windows/ or facades on the north side. However, the separation between the units feels lacking in privacy and weak. On several occasions, I have observed people just put up random stuff to block the view or access of their neighbors. The modular design works nicely in construction, as I could observe. Bolt-on installation could save a lot of time, and I can imagine a lot of the parts could be preassembled in the factory, like the railing. 11
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Operability Operatability plays an important role in Lacaton and Vassal's work. The sliding mechanism can be observed often to operate full-height panel. Residents have control over how and when the panel opens up, depending on their needs. Such an all-or-nothing approach, however, brings me doubt about what would be the best way to control air flow and light flow. As I could observe in person, the panel sliding mechanism could allow air leaks, which would not be ideal in terms of insulation. The user-friendliness could also be low considering some of the target users are elderly.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Transformation of the Bois le Prêtre Tower Designed by Lacaton & Vassal and Frédéric Druot
Completed: 2011 Area: 8900 m2 existing + 3560 m2 extension Contains of 96 apartments. The original design was completed in 1960s. Renovation with extended floorplates that increase the room size and probide more balcones was the major objective
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology The site is located right across Hans and Sophie Scholl Garden, a popular local destination for leisure use. Brining in similar ecology into the new semi-public garden for residents that was converted from a parking lot was crucial. Similar species of plants, for example, honey locust and open space, could be found in a more protected open area within the property line.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology- Walking Footage 102_Transformation of the Bois le Prêtre Tower
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement Date of Record: 08/17/2023 19:30 Paris Average Tempearture: 27 Degree Celcius Paris Average Wind Speed: 3.056 m/s Note: On the street level, the temperature is higher than average. The wind blow was dry and comfortable from every access point on the ground, and the wind was particularly strong from south to north on point C. The humidity is at a comfortable level. People, especially kids, were enjoying the late afternoon and evening golden hour outdoor activities.
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Main Residential Entry Temperature: 30.9 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 49.7% Dew Point: 18.3 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.9 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.2m/s - 0.6m/s
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Secondary Residential Entry Temperature: 30.9 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 49.6% Dew Point: 18.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.8 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 1.1m/s - 1.7m/s
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Semi-Public Courtyard 30.9 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 50.0% 18.3 Degree Celsius Dew Point: Wind Chill: 30.9 Degree Celsius 0.2m/s - 0.3m/s Wind Speed 16
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Extension Each floor that consists of 4 or 8 residential units received an extension of 4 meters on each long side, resulting in an addition of a balcony and a living room addition for each unit.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Outreaching Space The addition space is self-supported vertically. People can still observe where the original boundary line of the building is through the hints of structural elements. Nevertheless, the continuity of space is extended in the new design archived by Lacaton and Vassal's iconic elements of - full-height window - Internal thermal curtain - Translucent wave panel
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Material and Space Relationship A closer look into the translucent wave panel in person gives me a better idea of why it's been selected as a major material. - Provides privacy while the natural light could be reflected in different directions, creating a softer indirect natural light situation in the interior. - Easy to install. Bolt on as you can observe in the photos - Potential low cost. Mass production is easy with such a form and source material. The modularity allows it to be transported in bulk easily.
On the other hand, there are occasions that reveal there's still room for improvement: - Looks economical - Reveals the misorganization behind when residents treat them as mere walls.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Marechal Fayolle Housing Complex Designed by SANAA
Completed: 2018 Area: 2127 m2 Contains more than 100 social housing units. The structures have been oriented to take in views of their surroundings, with each unit welcoming natural light and ventilation with each structure characterized by its organic form and facade.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology Surrounded by multiple parks and nature settings, including Bois de Boulogne, Square Claude Debussy, and Square du General Anselin, the building seeks to create continuity of landscape on the ground floor and llifts the massing above the street level. Residents enjoy direct physical and visual access to the surrounding environment and become frequent users of these facilities. Note: I met a kid called Barki, who was welcoming and invited me to have a walk in the gated courtyard. Through his sharing, I learned some interesting points about the community here. 1
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology- Walking Footage 108_Maréchal Fayolle Housing Complex_Surrounding Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Internal Ground Level- Walking Footage 108_Maréchal Fayolle Housing Complex_Ground Floor Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement Date of Record: 08/16/2023 17:00 Paris Average Tempearture: 27 Degree Celcius Paris Average Wind Speed: 3.333 m/s Note: On the street level, the temperature is higher than average, but not by far. The wind is at a mild level, and together with the shade provided by the building massing, it's a comfortable experience to walk in the courtyard. The uplifting of massing allows air to move freely and brings in humidity.
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Main Residential Entry
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Temperature: 28.4 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 56.7% Dew Point: 17.8 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 28.3 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.4m/s - 1.1m/s
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Building 2 Temperature: 29.4 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 52.3% Dew Point: 16.9 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.7m/s - 1.0m/s
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Building 1 29.1 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 52.9% 16.6 Degree Celsius Dew Point: Wind Chill: 28.5 Degree Celsius 0.2m/s - 2.0m/s Wind Speed
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Building 3 (i) 29.5 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 52.1% 16.9 Degree Celsius Dew Point: Wind Chill: 29.5 Degree Celsius 0.0m/s - 0.1m/s Wind Speed 25
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement Date of Record: 08/16/2023 17:00 Paris Average Tempearture: 27 Degree Celcius Paris Average Wind Speed: 3.333 m/s Note: The inner side of the building receives weaker wind as the street side enjoys more air flow brought by the surrounding environment.
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Building 3 (ii)
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Temperature: 29.5 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 52.4% Dew Point: 16.9 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 0.3 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.2m/s - 0.4m/s
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Building 4 (ii) Temperature: 29.5 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 53.0% Dew Point: 16.9 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.5 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.4m/s - 0.6m/s
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Building 4 (i) 29.5 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 52.5% 16.9 Degree Celsius Dew Point: Wind Chill: 29.5 Degree Celsius 0.0m/s - 0.6m/s Wind Speed
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Building 4 (iii) 29.5 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 52.1% 16.9 Degree Celsius Dew Point: Wind Chill: 29.5 Degree Celsius 0.1m/s - 0.3m/s Wind Speed 26
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Open/ Close Each window is consist of two major layers of elements that would typically be found in modern french housing: - Glass - Mechanically Operable Shading Device that could block every light Observing the using pattern gives interesting result. - the windows on the side that receive sunshines are all closed, blocking every light before entering the glass. - People might not use the accessories in the intended way, but it works. 28
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Pilotis Space Opens the views towards the surroundings and allows a breathing place for the street. The landscapes soften, incorporate the floating form, and provide a soft transition between the artificial residential structure and the natural environment.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Nantes
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
S c h o o l o f A rc h i t ec t u re , Nantes Designed by Lacaton & Vassal
Completed: 2009 Area: 15150 m2 Aiming at providing a building that could serve diverse design situations for architecture education, Lacaton & Vassal's design allows flexibility and potential to happen with a lightweight steel structure.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology Located on the south side of Bras de la Madeleine, the School of Architecture, Nantes shares an intimate relationship with the shoreline and the corresponding green public space. Access to the river is encouraged by the major opening in the building, which is oriented in such a direction and the informal open space is designed to embrace the flow of water. Desginated trees can be observed planted around the building, extending the green belt into the full boundary line. 1
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology- Walking Footage 201_School of Architecture, Nantes by Lacaton & Vassal_Surrounding Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement
Note: Walking along the entry ramp, the temperature is lower than average, which I believe is due to the big shading and openings that allow air to flow (which matches the wind speed record). Notably, the inner space that's surrounded by enclosed rooms or walls, like a parking lot, results in higher humidity.
Date of Record: 08/22/2023 15:00 Nantes Average Tempearture: 32 Degree Celcius Nantes Average Wind Speed: 2.778 m/s
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Entrance Temperature: 30.4 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 53.8% Dew Point: 19.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.7m/s - 1.8m/s
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Parking Lot Temperature: 30.2 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 59.7% Dew Point: 20.4 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.2 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.0m/s - 0.0m/s
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Major Lobby Temperature: 31.1 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 50.3% Dew Point: 18.5 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 31.1 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.0m/s - 0.0m/s 35
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement
Note: The "Appropriable Free Space", which is indicated by the blue area on the plan, receives natural ventilation. This allows the heat to be brought outside of the building and contributes to the lower than average temperature in the exhibition space. The center of the space reassuringly receives the strongest wind, which is potentially due to the tunnel effect. The humidity is at a comfortable level.
Date of Record: 08/22/2023 15:00 Nantes Average Tempearture: 32 Degree Celcius Nantes Average Wind Speed: 2.778 m/s
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Major Exhibition 1 Temperature: 31.1 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 50.0% Dew Point: 18.5 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 31.1 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.5m/s - 0.8m/s
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Major Exhibition 2 Temperature: 31.1 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 50.2% Dew Point: 18.4 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 31.0 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.4m/s
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Major Exhibition 3 Temperature: 30.7 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 51.0% Dew Point: 18.1 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.7 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.0m/s - 0.3m/s 36
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement
Note: Reaching the bridge and the studio building it connects, the temperature shows a slight decrease. However, due to the closeness of the river (when compared to the main building), a significantly higher humidity is recorded. The rivershore provides comfortable wind level to the space even it's on the "level 2" = 3rd floor in the US.
Date of Record: 08/22/2023 15:00 Nantes Average Tempearture: 32 Degree Celcius Nantes Average Wind Speed: 2.778 m/s
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Bridge Temperature: 30.2 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 59.5% Dew Point: 20.4 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.2 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.0m/s - 0.0m/s
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Conference room/ Balcony Temperature: 30.7 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 57.2% Dew Point: 19.1 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.1 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.8m/s - 1.1m/s 37
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement Date of Record: 08/22/2023 15:00
Note: Going unshaded along the ramp, the temperature goes up as well. Humidity remains at a similar level to the previous record. An interesting observation is that the building's comfort level performance could be largely altered by the openness of the windows. The classroom entry, which has a few openings that allow the natural convection to happen, results in a strong wind record.
Nantes Average Tempearture: 32 Degree Celcius Paris Average Wind Speed: 2.778 m/s
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Upper Ramp/ Classroom Entry Temperature: 31.2 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 50.9% Dew Point: 18.5 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 33.8 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 1.4m/s - 1.6m/s
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Roof Slope Temperature: 31.0 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 50.3% Dew Point: 18.4 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 31.0 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.3m/s - 1.6m/s 38
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Building- Walking Footage 201_School of Architecture, Nantes_Circulation Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Building- Walking Footage 201_School of Architecture, Nantes_Interior Experience_Education Building
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Building- Walking Footage 201_School of Architecture, Nantes_Interior Experience_Studio Building
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Possibilities and Program usage Lightweight steel structures enable spaces that allow massive installations to happen, and the students are taking full advantage of this to build human-scale experiments. At the same time, it can be observed that there is potential for future extensions within the building as floor plates/ programs can be plugged in conveniently. 43
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Bridge and Operable mechanism A visit in person allows me to closely observe how the mechanism of the operable facade works- the motor receives a signal from the control center and is capable of adjusting the angle of tilt electronically. It gives me a very industrial or factory feeling because of the rawness of the material used. Functionally, it fulfills the demand of the user, and that's all that matters. And another observation of the use of translucent, wavy panels It is remarkable how it can play a role in both residential housing programs and educational institutions. 44
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Shading Device Blinds are used mostly. A great move to install the mechanism a few feet away from the interior, as the natural light would not be able to reach such depth. However, its reliability could require a large maintenance effort. 46
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Ramping Condition The external ramp connects the major spaces in different levels. While interesting moments happen along the way as visitors may peek through the windows and get a glimpse of what's happening inside, functionally, they play an important role in architecture education. The building material on the reality scale can be transported to any level and used for design projects, making the huge mock-up or installation exhibition happen.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Bordeaux
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n o f 5 3 0 dwellings, Bordeaux Designed by Lacaton & Vassal & Frédéric Druot + Christophe Hutin architecture Completed: 2016 Area: 23500 m2 Under the program "Cite du Grand", the project transformed 3 buildings that provided 530 dwellings, which showed wear and tear after 50 years of use. It features the partial demolition of the existing facade and an extended balcony structure, which increase the usable spaces of each apartment.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology These three social housing buildings are located close to Av. Emile Counord, a major transportation road that connects to the core of the city. Under the planning that was carried out in 1960s, they are surrounded by a considerable amount of social infrastructure that supports residents daily activities, ranging from a natural park (Aire de jeux des buttes), social center (Centre Social et Culturel Grand Parc GP InterCite) to a sports yard. The renovation project seems to show how the connection between these buildings and the infrastructure can be knitted closer.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology- Walking Footage 301_Transformation of 530 dwellings_Surrounding Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Building- Walking Footage 301_Transformation of 530 dwellings by Lacaton & Vassal_Ground Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement J I
Date of Record: 08/25/2023 17:30
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Bordeaux Average Tempearture: 25 Degree Celcius Bordeaux Average Wind Speed: 6.67 m/s
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Note: The temperature is steadily above average, and the humidity stays at a comfortable level. A remarkable observation is that the wind is strong when there's a tunnel condition happening, in particular at locations A, B, and F. The greens are not tall enough to provide shading on the walkway.
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Building G Entrance
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Temperature: 28.6 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 49.0% Dew Point: 16.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 28.6 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.5m/s - 1.7m/s
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Building H Walkway/ Intersection 28.6 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 47.9% 16.2 Degree Celsius Dew Point: 28.6 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 0.3m/s - 0.5m/s Wind Speed
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Building H Extension (Bike Parking)
Building H Walkway/ Parking Lot 28.5 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 49.6% 16.0 Degree Celsius Dew Point: 28.5 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 0.4m/s - 0.6m/s Wind Speed
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Temperature: 28.6 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 48.8% Dew Point: 16.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 28.6 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.0m/s - 0.1m/s
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Building H Walkway Temperature: 28.3 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 49.5% Dew Point: 15.9 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 28.3 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.4m/s
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Walkway between Building H & I 28.3 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 49.9% 15.9 Degree Celsius Dew Point: 30.5 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 1.2m/s - 2.8m/s Wind Speed 54
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement Date of Record: 08/25/2023 17:30
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Bordeaux Average Tempearture: 25 Degree Celcius Bordeaux Average Wind Speed: 6.67 m/s
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Note: The temperature is steadily above average. It should be noted that the shaded side (NW side) records a lower temperature. The humidity stays at a comfortable level. Another remarkable observation is that the wind is strong for several flat areas without the obstruction of the building; the playground (I) / walkway near parking lot (J) recorded exceptionally strong wind.
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Building I Walkway
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Temperature: 28.3 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 47.7% Dew Point: 14.5 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.6 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 1.2m/s - 1.6m/s
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Building H Walkway (Playground side) 28.2 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 50.0% 15.8 Degree Celsius Dew Point: 28.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 0.1m/s - 0.2m/s Wind Speed
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Playground
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Building H Boulevard Side Entry 28.0 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 48.0% 15.6 Degree Celsius Dew Point: 30.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 1.8m/s - 2.3m/s Wind Speed
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Temperature: 28.2 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 48.9% Dew Point: 15.8 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 30.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 1.6m/s - 3.0m/s
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Parking Lot Temperature: 27.6 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 48.3% Dew Point: 15.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 27.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.5m/s - 1.0m/s
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Building L 27.3 Degree Celsius Temperature: Relative Humidity: 48.5% 15.0 Degree Celsius Dew Point: 27.3 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 0.0m/s - 0.9m/s Wind Speed 55
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Building- Aerial Footage 301_Transformation of 530 dwellings_Aerial Footage
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Transformation of 530 dwellings, block G, H, I (Bordeaux)
Transformation of 530 dwellings - Built in 1960s - Renovation in only option - Meeting the new requirements for modern living - Space - Light - View - Upgrade of the facilities 58
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Minimal intervention with improved and extended spatial quality The evaluation of the structure was completed, and options were thus opened up with the possibility of the extension of space. 59
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Extended Structure The self-sustained concrete structure provides a long continuous space for the residential unit to occupy. The translucent panel is the only option for the outmost coverage. Notably, the extended area is not fully insulated due to the mechanism used and an extra layer of thermal protection is needed in the inner part (existing part) of the building.
Composed of 1. Interior thermal curtain 2. Double Glazing Window 3. Shade Curtain 4. Translucent wavy panel 5. Glass Railing
(Innermost)
(Outermost)
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
New and Old Hints from the original building can be found and they still serve their original purpose well. On the other hand, the new structure is designed to look light, open up the sight line at ground level, and be used as storage space for the residents.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Materiality Precast concrete is used for the design, reducing the construction day for the extension side to a maximum of 5 days for each apartment. The major components, like the sliding panels that are composed of mass-produced materials, from glass to metal, are pre-assembled in the factory, and only bolt-on installation is needed on site.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Updated Circulation Existing elevators, which originallu within the building were replaced by the new elevators that is signified on the facade. It increases the capacity and invites more natural light to come into each level's elevator lobby and this move features the signature translucent wavy panel. The other parts of this side of facade is mostly reatained. Only extra exterior insulation was added and the old window is replaced.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
New Entry Existing elevators, which were originally within the building, were replaced by the new elevators that are indicated on the facade. It increases the capacity and invites more natural light to come into each level's elevator lobby, and this move features the signature translucent wavy panel. The other parts of this side of the facade are mostly retained. Only extra exterior insulation was added, and the old window was replaced.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Management Sciences University, Bordeaux Designed by Lacaton & Vassal Completed: 2008 Area: 19570 m2 Aiming at creating an urban nucleus of education, 4 blocks are designed around a central courtyard, with each of the blocks hosting a department of the school. The design signifies space, light, and the seasons.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Site Relationship & Local Ecology It is situated in a developing urban context. The design is surrounded by low- to mid-density residential housing and urban parks that provide basic leisure use for the residents around.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Local Ecology- Aerial Footage 302_Management Sciences University, Bordeaux_Aerial Footage
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement
I F
Date of Record: 08/25/2023 14:30
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Bordeaux Average Tempearture: 25 Degree Celcius Bordeaux Average Wind Speed: 6.67 m/s Note: The temperature is steadily above average, and the humidity stays at a comfortable level. Comfortable wind can be sensed from different direction- considering the ground level/ level 1 are penetrated with multiple corridors that connect to the outdoor spaces, it's a reasonable result.
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Center Courtyard Temperature: 29.6 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 52.0% Dew Point: 16.9 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.2m/s - 0.5m/s
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Library Entry Temperature: 29.6 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 51.0% Dew Point: 17.1 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.6 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.2m/s
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1st Level NW Open Space Temperature: 29.6 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 50.1% Dew Point: 17.1 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.6 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 1.1m/s - 2.5m/s 71
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement
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Date of Record: 08/25/2023 14:30
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Bordeaux Average Tempearture: 25 Degree Celcius Bordeaux Average Wind Speed: 6.67 m/s Note: The temperature is slightly lower compared to the lower level. The measured area is mostly indoors, and hence, the natural wind received was extremely limited. The inner courtyard was not as comfortable as expected, with a high temperature and a lack of airflow unless the windows were opened.
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2nd Level Elevator Lobby Balcony Temperature: 29.3 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 53.7% Dew Point: 18.3 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.3m/s
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2nd Level Mini Courtyard Temperature: 29.1 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 53.7% Dew Point: 18.0 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.1 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.2m/s
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2nd Level Staircase Lobby Temperature: 29.0 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 55.5% Dew Point: 17.9 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 29.0 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.3m/s 72
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Climate Data Measurement
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Date of Record: 08/25/2023 14:30
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Bordeaux Average Tempearture: 25 Degree Celcius Bordeaux Average Wind Speed: 6.67 m/s Note: The temperature is gradually getting lower when I am moving upward. Notably, the open space always features lower humidity when compared to the enclosed area like stiarcase lobbies. The skybridge is not windy in data but feels more windy in person.
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3rd Level Staircase Lobby Temperature: 28.7 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 56.4% Dew Point: 17.7 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 28.8 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.6m/s
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4th Level Staircase Lobby Temperature: 28.2 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 55.3% Dew Point: 17.2 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 28.4 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.2m/s - 0.5m/s
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4th Level Skybridge Temperature: 27.3 Degree Celsius Relative Humidity: 51.2% Dew Point: 16.4 Degree Celsius Wind Chill: 27.5 Degree Celsius Wind Speed 0.1m/s - 0.3m/s 73
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Interior Experience Footage 302_Management Sciences University, Bordeaux_Interior Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Inner Courtyard Features in each of the blocks. While it successfully brings in natural light, it feels a bit tight when you're inside due to its size. Nevertheless, it's a nice breakout space that is located close to the lecture rooms.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Bolt on and modular system As one of the earlier works from Lacaton & Vassal, we could observe their concept in a more preliminary execution. - How an economical building system can be developed that provides a great user experience. During the visit, I could see the wide use of prefabricated elements. From structural elements like concrete posts, beams, and decks to accessories like external blinds, the result is remarkable, as together they form a transparent learning environment.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Indoor and Outdoor There's no clear definition of outdoor and indoor in Lacaton and Vassal's designs. Such ambiguity expands the possible use of space and increases the user's interaction with the nature of the place they are staying at.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Public Square The public space is the core of the building, bringing nature into the design. It serves as the center ventilation and nature light provider and, at the same time, allows social activities to happen.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Skywalk How to open up a building with a sense of privacy has been a question for architects for a long time. Lacaton & Vassal's answer is the skybridge that features perforated metal ground. It fully functions and provides the lightness needed for the design intention. However, it might require some courage to walk on it during a windy day.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Balcony System The fully glazed exteriors allow plenty of sunlight to enter, and external blinds can adjust the light levels while offering expansive city views. Additionally, they contribute to warmth by capturing heat in winter and shielding against excess heat in summer. The surrounding balconies provide a way to step outside and freshen the air while cleaning the windows.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
A similar approach to the facade solution can be found in their later work. The linear facade provides consistency in design language and, at the same time, provides a continuous connection for the space within the building, which might not always be ideal.
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Additional Collection A small collection of other remarkable creations on the trip
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Villa Savoye/ Paris Designed by Le Corbusier Video Footage: 112_Villa Savoye_Surrounding Experience 112_Villa Savoye_Interior Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Parc de la Villete/ Paris Designed by Bernard Tschumi Video Footage: 199_Parc de la Villete_Surrounding Experience
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Palais de Tokyo Expansion/ Paris Designed by Lacaton & Vassal
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
La Maison Radieuse/ Nantes Designed by Le Corbusier Video Footage: 207_La Maison Radieuse_Surrounding Experince 207_La Maison Radieuse_Ground Level Experince
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
People/ France Designed by every individual
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Cheuk Ming Ng
Epilogue The trip won't be possible without the generous support of the Van Alen Traveling Fellowship, and I would like to thank everyone involved in the selection process. With the aid of funding, I believe I have achieved the goal I set for myself: a collection of design strategies / approaches in terms of improving the user experience within an economic budget. As you all may remember from my first presentation, I was born and raised in Hong Kong, a city full of issues of urban dwelling and aging buildings like other established cities- the same thing I observed during my 10-year stay in multiple United States cities like San Francisco. Hence, an in-person visit to learn about Lacaton & Vassal's project, a firm that earned its fame for resolving these issues, was a precious opportunity for me. Along the trip, I am glad the funding allowed me to collect all the information I wish to have and complete the "collection" goal. Like the comments I received from Charlie, walking the site and talking with the occupants like the early planners is great, and I indeed believe that has to be done more often by the architects than what I observed in the industry. For the footage I recorded, I tried to resemble the route a typical resident would use in daily life- how to get back from the nearby tram station, how to use the ground-level courtyard, etc. Only if you experience that will you know what your target user feels in your design on a daily basis. In school, I feel there's a lot of ego (which is not a bad thing) to teach how to create certain huge design moments, impressing every visitor and your future employer, but the connection to the site and connection to people are sometimes sacrificed. Personally, I believe architecture should be more humble to the place it's sitting at and, at the same time, capable of meeting the immediate needs of the people at the moment. Walking on the site, despite taking 25,000 steps per day was not the most relaxing thing I've done in the trip, but it helped me understand those concerns and I enjoyed every single moment of it.
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
If walking by yourself might involve your own perspective and imagination (which is great), interacting with local people is the best way to understand the design from the real user's perspective. I enjoyed the chat with the locals, and I am surprised by how welcoming they are- like the kid who invited me to get into the Marechal Fayolle Housing Complex designed by SANAA. I learn how a community is formed through the building's connectivity to the site: how the kids spend their summer afternoon together, how sometimes worldclass professional soccer players drop by and play with the kids, how the living experience is indoors... At the end of the day, I got an idea about how people live with design; the kid got a full set of photography with his LA-style outfit; and we all got a new friend. I believe I am very fortunate, as I was able to experience something like this a few times along the trip. Taking the collection to the latter stage, I am envisioning how they can be applied in today's United States, like what we discussed in the presentation. The building's aging and renovation issue is a topic that will always stay in the industry: what should be kept and how should they be kept? As much as a building is always connected to one community's common memory, what could architects do towards those high-rises that were built half a century ago has become a critical issue, which, for example, accounted for a considerable amount of building in NYC. Extend the idea further: how can we design fully new buildings with the reservation of flexibility for a renovation a century from now? I could imagine Lacaton and Vassal's additional approach could play a remarkable role, and I am glad to be able to observe their functions in person. Though not everything works as intended, it would be an inspiration for how we should treat the old buildings. Demolish and rebuild a new building could be nice to someone, but we should be capable of doing more for our Earth, for our city, for our history, and for our community as architects because we can. Once again, thank you very much for the resources provided. Personally, this is the first fellowship I've ever won, and words can't show enough appreciation from me. Please let me know if you need any other information or source photos or videos. Keep in touch! I wish you all the best and more successful trips in the 2024 fellowship campaign! Best, Cheuk 90
Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Others Playlist of all traveling videos: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLARTnXXXObf-xFIxboO2vj4T8ltALN-N0&si=lOnZ5cL_k-peOXI9 Contact: Cheuk Ming Ng, University Of Pennsylvania M. Arch 24' cheukmingng.us@gmail.com
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Cheuk Ming Ng
University of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design
Huge Thanks! The trip won't be possible with the generous support from Van Alen Traveling Fellowship
Cheuk Ming Ng, University Of Pennsylvania M. Arch 24' cheukmingng.us@gmail.com
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