Glossary Stud: Stud usually used in walls as a frame member. Axial Load: An axial load is a force administered along the lines of an axis. Nogging: A horizontal bracing piece used to give rigidity. Buckling: Shape change caused by overloading. Lintel: A horizontal suppor ting member, serves to carry the weight of the wall above it.
Stud
Axial Load
Learning Loop: Columns: ·Columns are designed to transfer axial compressive loads as vertical structural members. It includes short columns and long columns. ·Columns are considered short if the ratio of effective column length to the smallest cross section dimension is less than 12:1. It becomes shorter when a compressive load is applied and than fail by crushing when the compressive strength is exceeded. ·Columns are consideredlong if the ratio of effective column length to the smallest cross section dimension is bigger than 12:1. It is more unstable and fail when buckling. They are Always fixed at the top and bottom of the columns determines. Wall systems ·Wall systems structural frames, load bearing walls and stud walls. Structural Frames: ·Concrete Frames typically use a grid of columns with concrete beams connecting the column togther.(figure1) ·Steel frames typically uses a grid of steel girders and beams.(figure 2) ·Timber frames typically use a grid of timber posts or poles connected to timber beams.(figure
figure 1 From woods to timber ·Provenance:
figure2
figure3
·Early wood rapid growth at beginning of growing Season thin, large cells- lighter colour Late wood slower growth ,often limited by lack of water. Thick small cell darker colour Growth -generally one ring per year/ some climates may have more than one growth season per year
Ways of cutting
Advantages
Disadvantages
Quarter swan
Best grain shows on face; good wearing surface preferred for coationgs; lower width cupping and warp than oher cuts
Slower seasooning
Back swan
Season more rapidly; less prone to splitting when nailing
Shrink more across width when drying; more likely to warp and cup
Redial swan
Dimensional stability; Less prone to warping
Wedge shaped cross section; More difficult to detail
QUARTER
BACK
REDIAL
Timber ·Hardness is medium low. Fragility is medium low. Ductility is mow. Flexibility/plasticity is high· size: depth x breath to make sure size is avai ·Timber-specifying＆handling Size, strength grade, moisture conten, species of wood, treatment, availability. Engineered timber · SOLID PRODUCTS: LVL GlULAM
SHEET PRODUCTS: OTHER PRODUCTS:
PLYWOOD I BEAM
MDF BOX BEAM
CLT
CHIPBOARD JOINTS
Studio activities In this week activity we analyse the architectural and structural drawings and classify the structural elements according to their function. What’s more, we combine and link the information found in the various parts of the Oval pavilion. Our process of model making and analyse: As shown in the pecture on the left, our part of model making is about a part of roof and foundation of the Oval pavilion. At first we found the section and plan details. We found that this part is based on frame systems which concludes beams, columns. So the most important thing is to analyse the section and plan to identity the structure of this part and measure datas from the drawing depends on scale in order to we could cut materials correctly.
(figure a)
The second thing we did is to cut our materials for the final combination. At this time we divided our team to 3 group, 2 guys work for the roof and 2 guys work for the foundation and the last one work for the columns which conneted the foundation and roof and play the roles of loading. As soon as we found the materials ( paper board) we chose is not perfet , it is not easy to cut and connect. (figure a) It is the foundation of our parts which is not simple as all.(figure b)
Figure b
The last step of our model making is to combine diffierent parts. We found because of the unstable materials, it’s difficult to make joints which will influence the stability of the models. As a result, we used a powerful glue to help connet the joints. After finished all things, the problems came which the balance of our model facing a big problem. It caused by not accurate measuring which could not help load.(Figure c) Figure c This is the load paths diagrams.(figure d)
figure d Compared to other group, they chosed block as materials which is good for the stability. They connected columns and beams with pins which is the only joints in the structure. It means that the model is pretty stable. However, they may also meet the problems of measuring so the shape of the model is a little bit strange. That told us that accurate is extremely important in constructing.
Reference: Ching, F 2008, Building constructed illustrated, 4th editon, John Wiley and sons, New Jersey. University of Melbourne(2014). Short and Long Columns. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIe6txNIO58&feature=youtu.be University of Melbourne(2014). W05_c1 WALLS, GRIDS＆COLUMNS. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIe6txNIO58&feature=youtu.be University of Melbourne(2014). W05_m3 Engineered Timber Products。Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YrYOGSwtVc&feature=youtu.be