Sustainable Design, Policies and Regulations by ChingTheng Goay

Sustainable Development Goals To Architecture

Group 4

DEDICATION This book is dedicated to everyone who would like to know more about sustainable design. It explains about the relationship between sustainability, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and the built environment. How built environment respond to the nature and the surrounding environment and what are the challenges in order to respond to the SDGs.

CONTENTS

Goal 2

Goal 3

Goal 7

Goal 8

Goal 9

Goal 11

Goal 12

Goal 13

Goal 15

Goal 17

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A very special thank to our tutor who helps us along the whole assignment and the making of this booklet. From the very first stage, data collection to the end, compiling data, she helped us all the way and gave us advice and comments to improve our work. What she taught us is beyond this booklet, she taught us about the sustainability and how it relates to real life example so that we can truly understand it. Thank you so much Ms Salvi and Ms Suja.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 02: ZERO HUNGER

To end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture TARGETS 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons 2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality 2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair nd equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries 2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 2: Zero Hunger The built environment contributes to the securing of food supplies through planning, landscape design and building complexes that protect existing ecosystems and prioritize the preservation and expansion of areas for food production. Responses 1. Supportive development and land use for sustainable agriculture 2. Planning to consider parks as farming spaces for neighbourhoods 3. Encourage for planting edible vegetations as convenience for food resources. 4. Provide a eco healthy life cycle in the building environment to provide a more sustainable condition of the site.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Medini City-Edible Park by Institute of Landscape Architects Malaysia (ILAM) ISKANDAR PUTERI, JOHOR

Figure 2.1 TOP: Perspective view (Source: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2018/03/344294/greener-idyll) TN 1: Garden walkway (Source: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2018/03/344294/greener-idyll) TN 2: Edible planting (Source: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2018/03/344294/greener-idyll) TN 3: Entrance (Source: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2018/03/344294/greener-idyll)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Medini Iskandar Malaysia Sdn Bhd (MIM) urban park development received the Excellence Award for the year 2018 under the CSR Category – Green Initiatives Awards. The 5-acre Edible Park is one of MIM’s 46 urban park developments in Medini City, the Central Business District of Iskandar Puteri. The 46 urban parks total up to a land area of 342 acres where each park is carefully designed and themed, adding vibrancy to the entire Medini City development spanning over an area of 2,200 acres. Challenges: The former New York-based graphic artist and textile designer with a passion for botany and a collaboration between Medini Iskandar Malaysia and Parry’s Johor Green or JO Green, is concern for green issues, as the main objective are to inform, inspire, connect and encourage more people to embrace a social path to a greener place and healthier environment. The challenges of this project is to prove the people that sustainable living and a community revolve around the subject of food isn’t impossible. Contribution: The Medini Edible Park is 2,230 acre integrated urban township development which create brand new cycling path from north to south of Medini, spanning 22 kilometres in length that provides residents a viable alternative to vehicular transportation. The Edible Park presents a lush urban park with local fruit, vegetable and medicinal trees, while its Heritage Forest gathers the region’s flora for a proud and honest snapshot of Johor’s wilderness. Both will be managed and utilised by Johorean individuals and enterprises, giving rise to a dynamic, autonomous space for the local community. The Edible Park and Heritage Forest are two out of 46 parks in Medini.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Farming Kindergarten by Vo Trong Nghia Architects Biên Hòa, Dong Nai, Vietnam

Figure 2.2 TOP: Aerial view (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-vo-trong-nghia-architects) TN 1: Outdoor play spaces (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-vo-trong-nghia-architects) TN 2: Vegetated roof (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-vo-trong-nghia-architects) TN 3: Courtyard playground (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-vo-trong-nghia-architects)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

The building is located next to a big shoe factory, and its designed for 500 children of the factoryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s workers, which conceived as a continuous green roof, providing and extensive playground to the sky as well as providing food and agriculture experience to the children. An experimental vegetable garden was located on top of the green roof. Five different vegetables are planted in 200m2 garden for agriculture education purpose. Also, the Farming Kindergarten received a Silver Provisional Certificate as a pilot project of LOTUS, a green rating system by the Vietnam Green Building Council. Challenges: Vietnam historically an agricultural country is facing changes as it moves to a manufacturing based economy, taking its toll on the environment. Increased droughts, floods and salinization jeopardize food supplies, while numerous motorbikes cause daily congestion and air pollution in the cities. Rapid urbanization deprives Vietnamese children of green lands and playgrounds, thus relationship with nature. Contribution: Despite a tight budget, the Vietnamese architects wanted the building to become prototype or sustainable school design, where children can learn how to grow their own food. Therefore, the combinations of local materials and low-tech construction methods are applied, which at the same time helps minimise the environmental impact as well as promote local industry. In respond to target 2.4, the approach of design for values of sustainable growth and environmental responsibility is that the architects invests in early education in a sustainable educational space topped with accessible green roof, the knot-shaped kindergarten was built with interactive energy-saving features to educate preschoolers on the importance of caring for the environment. Also in respond to target 2.2 and target 2.5, the striking feature of the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design is the outdoor play spaces extension onto the vegetated roof. The vegetated roof also served as an outdoor safe playground for children while they can learn how to farm. The green design has helps children to understand the importance of nature and agriculture.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

VAC Library by Viet Dung An UONG NOI, VIETNAM

Figure 2.3 TOP: Front view (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908873/vac-library-farming-architects) TN 1: Perspective View (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908873/vac-library-farming-architects) TN 2: Open library space (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908873/vac-library-farming-architects) TN 3: Edible plant (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908873/vac-library-farming-architects)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Located in a Hanoi neighborhood, the VAC Library is an immense structure comprised of wooden frames with various cubicles filled with books. The building structure is almost 600 square feet library, act as an integrated production system in the rural areas compromising horticulture, aquaculture, and animal husbandry using VAC system. The library was designed to teach kids about sustainable food production. Challenges: Air pollution is one of the major environmental concerns in Vietnam. The situation of vegetable contaminants in the city that caused the increasing amount of pollution will leads to the major health issues in human respiratory system. In present- day in Hanoi, the desire to plant fresh vegetables right in resident homes became imperative. Many families organize planting vegetable at home, however, mostly following to spontaneous methods, without a strategic planning or architectural aesthetics. The Vac library are vegetable foam boxes that are placed in a narrow space in the house, or in the garden area of the balcony and top terrace. Contribution: Related to Target 2.4 and Target 2.5 , The core feature for the design of VAC is the Aquaponics, it is a system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment. The fish pond will also provide nutrients to the vegetation, and return purify the water. Chickens on site will also benefit the supply of food, which it lays eggs that used for meals, and their waste will used as fertiliser for the center garden. In additional, the system of the boxes library is designed with energy conservation, which is using renewable energy (by transferring solar energy) and a reduced number of pumps by letting the water flow downwards naturally as much as possible. Besides, electricity for lighting and pumps are also provided -saved from solar panels on the roof. In relate to Target 2.1, the library have produce the effective used of natural resources and experimentations in using different types of plants and animals in the urban environment.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 03: GOOD HEALTH & WELLBEING

Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages TARGETS 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 live births. 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases. 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol. 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all. 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination. 3.a Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate. 3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. 3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States. 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 3: Good Health & Wellbeing The built environment contributes to the indoor climate through planning, landscape design and building complexes that allow and encourage physical activity as well as reduces the risk of diseases or exposure to bacteria. Responses 1. City planning to reduce road traffic deaths 2. Adding public spaces to be equipped with gym equipment 3. Design green faรงade for good air quality 4. Design office buildings that has resting area or leisure area for mental health 5. Design the project to mimic the natural hydrology and water balance on its site 6. Reduce fossil fuel during construction that can lead to air pollution

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

PAM Centre by Mohd Heikal Hasan by HMA & Associates BANGSAR, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

Figure 3.1 TOP: Building facade (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/) TN1: Vent blocks (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/) TN2: Plants at corridor (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/) TN3: Indoor plants (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

PAM Centre is an institute that represents all the architects in Malaysia. It houses the members' service centre, administration office, conference centre and training centre for the future architects. This building has also received platinum award for Green Building Index. Challenges: Being in a hot climate country like Malaysia, indoor quality usually feels stuffy without air conditioning. Besides, PAM centre sits on a site where there is existing structure, limiting the possibility for green space at ground level. Hasan designed the building from inside out, improving the indoor air quality as well as the green space issue. Contribution: In response to Target 3.9, there openings on each side of the PAM Centre to provide cross ventilation. Stack ventilation effect is created by designing stepped atriums with wide openings. All the public spaces are naturally ventilated, providing the internal environment with fresher air. Besides, trees are planted on every floor within the building to help absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen to the user. Next, the vertical greenery and herb gardens are also there to provide a comfortable environment for the users to relieve their stress.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

The Bullitt Center by Robert Hull by Miller Hull Architects SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Figure 3.2 TOP: Building facade (Source: www.archdaily.com/363007/the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-in-seattle-today) TN1: Stairway (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/363007/the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-in-seattle-today) TN2: Building perspective (Source: http://www.bullittcenter.org/building/building-features/) TN3: Interior (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/363007/the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-in-seattle-today)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

The Bullitt Center is a commercial office building located in Seattle, Washington. It is designed by Robert Hull from Miller Hull architecture firm. It is certified as a "Living Building" by the International Living Future Institute. Challenges: Health problems such as obesity is a very big health issue in the US. Furthermore, there are getting more and more young people who are facing this issue. With the busy working life, there is no time for many young people to exercise after work. Robert Hull designed this building with the goal of encouraging the users to walk more. Contribution: In response to Target 3d, the building is designed to promote human health with an inviting stairway. The staircase is brought right to the front entrance, making it an obvious choice for people who are able to use the stairs. As users walk up the stairs, they get a good view of downtown Seattle and Puget Sound. The average adult will burn 3900 calories over a year by taking the stairs. The building promotes a 68% trips by stairs and 32% trips by elevator.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

PARKROYAL on Pickering by WOHA SINGAPORE

Figure 3.3 TOP: Building faรงade (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkroyal_on_Pickering) TN1: Corridor (Source: http://www.mynewsdesk.com/sg/pan-pacific-hotelsgroup/pressreleases/parkroyal-on-pickering-sustainableand-green-features-2437465) TN2: Interior (Source: http://www.mynewsdesk.com/sg/pan-pacific-hotelsgroup/pressreleases/parkroyal-on-pickering-sustainableand-green-features-2437465) TN3: Green roof (Source: http://www.mynewsdesk.com/sg/pan-pacific-hotels-group-pressreleases parkroyal-on-pickering-sustainableand-green-features-2437465) 17

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

PARKROYAL on Pickering is a eco-friendly garden concept hotel located in Singapore, designed by WOHA. It incorporates 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft) of elevated terraced gardens. It has won the Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Leading Green City Hotel award in 2018. Challenges: Singapore is a very small country with not much land left for development, with most of the land are developed with high rise buildings. There are not much greens left. The architect designed this hotel by covering the balconies and terraces with tropical plants as well as improving the air quality. Contribution: 51% of the guest room corridors has natural light are naturally ventilated. The garden spaces along the corridor provides shading as well as taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, providing the hotel with fresh air. The roof terraces act as recreational areas offering lush landscapes for the hotel guests. The roof terrace also blocks the upper storey of the building from direct heat gain, providing them a more comfortable environment in a tropical country. In response to Target 3.9, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors are used to control car park fans and ventilation for air conditioned space, providing the guests with good air quality.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 07: AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all TARGETS 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix 7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency 7.4 By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology 7.5 By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy The built environment is a major source of energy consumption and a potentially crucial energy producer. Responses 1. Buildings must be designed both to limit energy consumption, for example by using materials and layouts that minimize overheating. 2. Designing and constructing buildings, settlements and urban areas that employ appropriate energy technology under given geographical, climatic and cultural conditions. 3. Development the built environment solutions that employ innovative sources of renewable energy. 4. Building industry must put a focus on total energy consumption from the extraction of materials, through the construction phrase to the use and disassembly of buildings and structures. 5. Energy intensive materials and materials produced with non-clean energy must be phased out or find new forms. 6. Buildings must adapt to local climate conditions so that solutions that would consume a high level of energy in use in a given context are avoided.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Paramit Factory by IEN Consultants PENANG, MALAYSIA

Figure 7.1 TOP: Building Faรงade (Source: https://blog.interface.com/paramit-factory-in-a-forest) TN 1: Sun Shade Louver Canopy (Source: http://designunit.com.my/industrial/factory-in-the-forest/) TN 2: Shading Device (Source: http://designunit.com.my/industrial/factory-in-the-forest/) TN 3: Interior (Source: http://designunit.com.my/industrial/factory-in-the-forest/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Located in Penang Science Park, Bukit Minyak, this 162,000-square-foot ‘Factory in the Forest’ is completed in January 2017, served as the office and manufacture zones of the Paramit Corporation. This new facility is able to house 800 people. The entire 5 acre site is conceived as a forest that penetrates, surrounds & steps over the buildings maximising contact with nature. The building won the FUTURARC Green Leadership Award in 2018. Challenges: Design leaves a critical impact on energy consumption and performance, and even the ecological footprint of the building. The unique features of Malaysian climate inspires Paramit Factory to rely on passive systems to create maximum energy efficiency and reduce power requirements. Contribution: Energy efficiency is achieved via the use of passive systems. Passive systems like trees and vegetation around the building, which helps shade the walls and windows, reduces the building’s cooling load effectively. Energy efficiency is also realized via the high-level sunshade louver canopy which provides solar protection to the parking areas, courtyard, office roof and other spaces below, resulting in less heat gain in the space. To respond well to the hot climate of Malaysia, the north-facing skylight is complemented with internal deflector panel which provides soft natural light while keeping the heat out. The building also incorporated innovative radiant floor system with embedded PEX pipes in concrete slabs throughout the factory, which cools down the slab to 21°C. The structural element thus doubles as cooling system and allows the magnetic bearing chiller to operate at a significant higher efficient.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

One Embankment Place by TP Bennett LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM

Figure 7.2 TOP: Exterior (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/66199/horizontal-skyscraper-steven-holl) TN 1: Interior (Source: https://www.overbury.com/our-work/case-studies/pwc-embankment-place/) TN 2: Interior (Source: https://www.cibsejournal.com/general/food-for-thought-power-by-cooking-oil/) TN 3: Rooftop Garden (Source: https://www.cibsejournal.com/general/food-for-thought-power-by-cooking-oil/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

One Embankment Place is occupied by PwC, which functions as office building with 3716sq m of floor space. It is constructed on top of an existing structure since 1990s and achieved the highest BREEAM rating recorded worldwide in 2013. Challenges: The company, PwC opted to refurbish the old structure into a world-first for energy efficiency and low carbon technology. The impact of an old building is one of the major challenges to make it energy efficient. The old building initially required lots of active energy as it lacked of natural lighting and ventilation. PwC the company then engaged an energy-modelling specialist to develop options that would make the reuse of this building possible. Contribution: One Embankment Place integrates a biofuel powered tri-generation plant that provides heat, cooling and power. In relation to Target 7.4, the biofuel plant is considered renewable energies, as they are made from waste vegetable oil. Compared to fossil fuels, biofuel emits less greenhouse gases, making it carbon-neutral and lowering impact on the environment. On the other hand, One Embankment Place also includes PV panels covering the whole roof and wind turbines which use a fuel cell to provide heat and power.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Manitoba Hydro Place by KPMB Architects WINNIPEG, CANADA

Figure 7.3 TOP: Exterior (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/44596/manitoba-hydrokpmb architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all) TN 1: Glazing (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/44596/manitoba-hydro-kpmb architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all) TN 2: Interior with natural daylight (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/44596/ manitoba-hydro-kpmb architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all) TN 3: Interior (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/44596/manitoba-hydro-kpmb architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Manitoba Hydro Place is the headquarters building of Manitoba Hydro. In May 2012, Manitoba Hydro Place becomes the recipient of the LEED Platinum certification, making it the most energy efficient office tower in North America and the only office tower in Canada to receive the LEED Platinum rating. It is integrated with advanced technologies to achieve a ‘living building’ that responds to the local climate dynamically. Challenges: Winnipeg’s extreme climate can fluctuate from from -35ºC to +34ºC over the year. The 64500 m² tower is targeting less than 100 kWh/m²/a for a large scale office tower located in a more temperate climate. Contribution: In order to limit energy consumption, Manitoba Hydro Place (MHP) was designed with the help of technology by using digital analysis and computerized building management systems to optimize the building's massing, orientation and exposed thermal mass. Key design features for energy efficiency includes integration of passive elements, like the siting of the building to take advantage of prevailing winds and solar gain, minimizing north-facing surface area. Green roofs also help minimize the building's heat-island effect. In response to Winnipeg extreme climate, MHP features a high performance building envelope with a glass skin that is triple-glazed —This glass offers high insulation performance in such cold climate and effectively reduced the energy needed to provide thermal comfort.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 8: DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. TARGETS 8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries 8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors 8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services 8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programs on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value 8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training 8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms 8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all 8.A Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries 8.B By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth The built environment interact with decent worker and economic growth on both a planning level and a building level, which to promote an inclusive and sustainable economic growth Responses 1. Provide safe public spaces and affordable transmit routes to the workplace for finding employment. 2. Cities and settlement must be planned and designed in way to poor and marginalised citizens access to the marketplace, services, place where the place everyone can be access. 3. Enhance the workplaces to a more healthy and productive work environment, which to ensure the good working condition for a companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economic growth. 4. Building industry needed to focus on the decent working conditions and safety for workers. 5. Establish local culture education, using resources of architectural institutions and educational researchers to share knowledge on global issues, building technology, which helps to improve living condition of the communities in the cities.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Air Asia RedQ by VERITAS Architects KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

Figure 8.1 TOP: Perspective view (Sources: https://www.klia2.info/airlines/airasia-redq-redquarters/) TN 1: Main office space (Sources: https://www.humanresourcesonline.net/photos-airasia-revamps-its-office-to-create-a-fresh-working-environment/) TN 2: Spiral slide (Sources: https://www.businessinsider.my/heres-what-its-like-inside-airasias-redq-where-everyone-has-access-to-the-ceocheaper-childcare-a-spiral-slide-and-sleeping-pods/) TN 3: Open communication space (Sources: https://www.businessinsider.my/heres-what-its-like-inside-airasias-redq-where-everyone-has-access-to-the-ceocheaper-childcare-a-spiral-slide-and-sleeping-pods/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

About 2,000 employees work out of the AirAsia RedQ (short for RedQuarters), where there are no doors or walls separating employees of all levels, including the CEO. At RedQ, there is an “open culture” to encourage open communication between employees and managers. Challenges: The client’s brief was to provide a house for AirAsia employees. The theme—under the tagline of One Big Happy Family—required designers to rethink how the large office building should be configured. The approach in the layout was to design a space for a flat hierarchical organisation that needs a horizontally organised building, with an open office design where even the upper management sits in open areas without wall enclosures. Contribution: The name RedQ, representing RedQuarters was selected, as it echoes the dynamism and spirit of the company and its workforce in making AirAsia a resilient and successful airline. The clerestory windows that can be seen at either side of the building’s roof, bringing in natural lighting and ventilation. The building itself has equipped with several facilities such as surau, meeting rooms, cafes, spacious cafeteria, flight crew lounge, gymnasium and a rooftop which doubles as a venue for corporate and in-house events, to provide convenience through sufficient facilities for the visitors as well as the worker while involved in the spaces. In terms of interior design, the industrial look of this open office plan with bare ceilings serves as a tabula rasa or blank canvas for the colours and vibrancy of the AirAsia corporate branding to imbue the spaces with a kaleidoscope of experience. A cornucopia of meeting pods, conference rooms, chill-out areas and casual workstations was individually decorated so that each room is different. Twenty-six different meeting areas were finished with colours and graphics representing the various AirAsia hubs and destinations around the world.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Agricultural School Bella Vista by Pasel.Kuenzel Architects COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA

Figure 8.2 TOP: Perspective view (Sources:https://www.archaicmag.com/magazine/2018/1/24/agricultural-school-bella-vista-code) TN 1: Classroom (Sources:https://www.archaic-mag.com/magazine/2018/1/24/agricultural-school-bella-vista-code) TN 2: Local building activities (Sources: https://www.businessinsider.my/heres-what-its-like- inside-airasias-redq-where-everyone-hasaccess-to-the-ceo-cheaper-childcare-a-spiral-slide-and-sleeping-pods/) TN 3: Bamboo screening (Sources:https://www.baunetz.de/meldungen/MeldungenSchule_in_Bolivien_fertig_gestellt_4417877.ht ml?bild=3)

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The project is being set up as a collaborative design-build project, integrating local stakeholders, a local women cooperation that was trained in masonry, the future pupils of the agronomy campus and students from as well TU Berlin as the local university of Cochabamba. Consequently, CODE, TU Berlinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s department for Design and Building Construction developed innovative building-structures, which integrated not only local climate conditions into the design, but moreover local stakeholders, local materials, as well as local economies and enterprises in the region of Cochabamba. Challenges: Global issues like rural migration and the rapidly growing urbanisation of our cities, increasing poverty and the threat of climate change are challenges that play a crucial role in the search for locally effective solutions in architecture. For architects and planners, the question arises how the profession can contribute most efficiently to enhance the living conditions and what spatial strategies can be developed to reach this goal. Contribution: The project is based on an integrative approach to architecture the relevant factors include both the architectural product and the multi-layered process of its creation considering technical, social, cultural and academic aspects. Related to Target 8.5, being developed by an international and interdisciplinary collaboration of experts, students and craftsmen/-women from both Germany and Bolivia the mutual transfer of knowledge between academia and practice, between the two cultures and between the different disciplines is consequently one of the superior characteristics of the project. The building used low-cost construction method which using brick replaced common concrete skeleton structures and allow the building process without professional entrepreneur which both cost efficient and earthquake proof, in a way form a selfbuild and 98% local building activities. Bolivian and German students, and local cooperative of women working as bricklayers have involved into the construction work. In respond to Target 8.7, this project helps to broaden their skills and subsequently apply their acquired knowledge of innovation building techniques to their own work, which in return, the women will train the skills for the next generation of students in second building phase, which lead to a further qualification of local communities and the students. In respond to Target 8.9, under supervision of Prof. Pasel and his team 40 students have designed, planned and realised the project together with local partners. The school building is part of the vocational school â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sayarinapajâ&#x20AC;? that offers young Bolivian students coming from rural Andean areas a professional perspective within the field.

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Eco Olive Oil Factory by Guillermo Hevia Architects SAN JOSÉ DE MARCHIGÜE, CHILE

Figure 8.3 TOP: Font view (Sources: https://inhabitat.com/olive-oil-factory-by-guillermo-hevia-architects/) TN 1: Farming space (Sources: https://www.archdaily.com/19631/olisur-olive-oil-factory-guillermo-hevia-gha) TN 2: Perspective view (Sources: https://www.archdaily.com/19631/olisur-olive-oil-factory-guillermo-hevia-gha) TN 3: Factory space (Sources: https://www.floornature.com/gh-a-guillermo-hevia-architects-olive-oil-factory-in-chile-9254/)

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It is in the forefront of the Almazaras (olive oil factories) worldwide, incorporating the use of multiple bioclimatic technologies (geotermic, eolic, luminic) both in the buildings as well as in the productive process achieving a real commitment with sustaintability, energy saving, quality of life and environment protection. This building has won 2nd Prize “Obra Construida en Madera CTT “and CORMA 2008, International Prize “Gold Medal” Bienal Miami 2009 (EE.UU.) Challenges: The new Almazara of Olisur is located 230 kilometers southwest of Santiago (Chile) in San José de Marchigue (La Estrella, VI Region). It is in the forefront of the Almazaras (olive oil factories) worldwide incorporating the use of multiple bioclimatic technologies (geotermic, eolic, luminic) both in the buildings as well as in the productive process achieving a real commitment with sustaintability, energy saving, quality of life and environment protection. Architecture is the protagonist to achieve these objectives. Contribution: The building body is mimicking the geography and planning lines of trees on their facades. It uses sustainable technologies, creating the enabling environment for work and olive oil production quality. Geothermic instead of central heating and air conditioning for the production areas and the oil barrels’ area, ventilated façades system in the building, passive energies to allow air to come into and go out the different areas of the offices and services (cross ventilation in the ceiling). Evaporation from the water mirror located in the front of the office building and cone studies of shade and sun direction to determine the eaves necessary for the different seasons. In respond to Target 8.2 and Target 8.3, the constructing of the building has used the bio climate technologies to save energy, that plant make use of geothermal energy, natural ventilation and sunlight to possibility improve oil production and improve the quality of the working environment in the factory.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 9 INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Build a resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable, industrialization and foster innovation. TARGETS 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all 9.1.1 Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road 9.1.2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport 9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries 9.2.1 Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita 9.2.2 Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment 9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets 9.3.1 Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added 9.3.2 Proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit 9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities 9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of value added

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9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending 9.5.1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; 9.5.2 Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants 9.A Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States 9.A.1 Total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure 9.B Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities 9.B.1 Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added 9.C Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020 9.C.1 Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology

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Built Environment/ Architecture responses to SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure The Built Environment is to contribute in the design and the technology used in the industrial buildings that help reduce and control the amount of CO2 produced as well as upgrading the industrial buildings to be more sustainable. Responses 1. Having international support to the infrastructures. 2. Encouraging the people to use different modes of transportation that can reduce the CO2 production. 3. Design buildings with the use of recyclable materials 4. Minimizing and controlling the amount of fossil fuels burnt during the industrialization.

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Cyberjaya, Malaysia

Figure 9.1 TOP: Building facade (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/) TN 1: Vent blocks (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/) TN 2: Plants at corridor (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/) TN 3: Indoor plants (Source: https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/)

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Cyberjaya has been one of the two cities in Malaysia that are close to reaching the Green city, followed by Putrajaya. Cyberjaya is known for Malaysia’s main technological hub and it is aimed to have a more sustainable town. The town is populated with over 100,000 residents spreading over 1500 acres of land in Cyberjaya. Challenges As Cyberjaya is more of a technological hub for Malaysia, there are a lot of business in the area, having less space for the trees and other lands. As business grows, more buildings are built in the town. There will be more vehicles driving in and out of the town, having higher amounts of Carbon emissions produced from the vehicles as well as the buildings. Contribution In Cyberjaya, they had implemented a rule of giving penalties to Single Used Vehicles (SOV) as allowing SOV’s will increase the amount of CO2 emission from the cars. Thus, Cyberjaya had even added more cycling tracks for the people as this will help encourage on using bicycles instead of fossil fueled vehicles which will help to reduce the carbon footprint in the town itself. Bus stations are also available and convenient. The cyclist also benefits from the cycle tracks as it is cheaper than owning vehicles and also you can explore on more of the attractions in Cyberjaya as they are close to each other. For the Urban infrastructure, they had implemented that all the buildings in Cyberjaya is to use the District Cooling System (DCS) and also using energy from the organic wastes. The Town uses DCS as it can reduce the electricity usage of all the buildings by more than 65% compared to an ordinary and traditional air-conditioning system. The DCS not only helps environmentally but also help to lower the costs of the business in Cyberjaya. As the company whom manages it has wholly For the buildings, there are also partnerships with other buildings into agreeing on having green buildings such as having natural lights to light up in the building. Reducing the need of using electrical energy to light up the building. There are also solar panels to be installed on the roof the buildings such as the “Masjid Raja haji Fisabilillah” as well as having water harvest systems to store rain water and repurpose the water for other uses. Cyberjaya has implemented rules upon every building to start green by having 10% of green open space for plants and other purposes. The town has also encouraged people to have less wastage on energy such as vehicles, electricity and water. Thus, reducing the carbon emissions and improving the surrounding environment.

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DC New Logic III by Habeon Architect NETHERLANDS

Figure 9.2 TOP: Exterior Glass Faรงade (Source: https://www.breeam.com/case-studies/industrial/new-logic-iii-the-tube/) TN 1: Warehouse (Source: https://www.reynaers.ie/en-IE/inspiration/aluminium-project-references/dc-new-logic-iii) TN 2: Interior (Source: https://www.c2n.nl/en/news/new-logic-iii-the-tube-one-of-most-sustainable-logistic-buildings-in-the-world/) TN 3: Interior (Source: https://www.c2n.nl/en/news/new-logic-iii-the-tube-one-of-most-sustainable-logistic-buildings-in-the-world/)

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New Logic III is a sustainable distribution centre built near the highway located in Tilburg in New Zealand. The building was design in the intention to be different and more remarkable compared to other distribution centres. It is built up to about 60,500m2 in total area. New Logic III was able to achieve the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tekla BIM Beneluxâ&#x20AC;? Award for one of the most sustainable warehouses in New Zealand. Challenges For most distribution and other different types of logistics buildings, most of the designs are roughly just generic and stereotypical of a storage shed. The distribution centres are also known for having to produce a lot of CO2 as it is mostly the transportation in the goods and other raw materials. So, designing the sustainability of the building is very crucial for the distribution centres. The other challenges are that the logistics industries are growing at a drastic rate, so it is important that they building is up to date with the new technology and is prepared for an improvement for the building such as having a sustainable and smart building. Contribution The Distribution centre is entirely gas-free of which it uses air- heat pumps to heat up the office and the warehouse. The centre is also highly insulated and designed to be like an air-tight structure so that it can keep the heat or cold within the centre as much as possible to control the temperature. In the building, there is a system where it uses the Trias Energetica principle which has 3 steps. The first step is to limit the amount of demand on the energy in the building. The second step is to use the sustainable energy which is generated from the solar panels installed on the top of the roof of the distribution centre. Lastly for step 3, is that when only required, is to use fossil energy but as efficient and minimal as possible. The centre has also installed bicycle lanes for the staff to park their bicycles and also this reduces the car usage. This would also encourage the staff to use less of fossil fuelled cars and more on other modes of transportation such as bicycles, electric cars, and even busses. There are even charging points available for the electric car users to park and charge their cars. They had also installed over 11,620 PV panels (Solar panels) which can sustainably generate the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy as well as neutralizing the CO2 in the building. As for the water, the roof is able to collect the rainwater and repurposed such as used for the toilet flushes. There are motion detectors for the water taps that will switch off when there is no motion detected. This helps reduce the amount of water consumption. The main support structure of the centre is made of recyclable steel frames which reduces the The foundation of the building consists of reinforced concrete mixed with granulate of which help provide a stable substructure for the framework and the business operations. The centre is also built with large curtain walls as this is to allow as much daylight as possible, thus reduces the need of indoor lighting to light up the distribution centre. The building is also built with wooden facades which are certified FSC which are trees that are picked carefully and taken cared for cutting. The building also has automatic dimming LED lighting which uses lesser energy than the average lighting.

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Smart City in Songdo

Figure 9.3 TOP : City view (source:- https://newcities.org/cityquest-songdo-south-korea-conceptualized-ultimate-smart-sustainable-city/) TN 1: City View (source: https://thinksustainabilityblog.com/2018/02/28/sustainable-cities-seoul-south-korea/) TN 2: City View (source: https://www.citylab.com/life/2018/06/sleepy-in-songdo-koreas-smartest-city/561374/) TN 3: City View (source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5553001/28-billion-project-dubbed-worlds-SmartCity-turned-Chernobyl-like-ghost-town.html )

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Songdo is the world’s first smart city consisting of only about 300000 residents spreading out over 1500 acres of land. The City Planner whom plans out the city buildings and other lands is the MVRDV and REX. The City was able to Achieve both the Korean standards and LEED certification have been employed in all major buildings. The smart city occupies 1,500 acres of land ‘reclaimed from the Yellow Sea’, making it the largest private real estate development in history. Challenges With so many devices at our fingertips (literally and figuratively), technology is a frequently debated topic as it has introduced some concerns to our society such as lack of privacy, safety, and less human interaction to name a few. Songdo’s proximity to Seoul is an advantage for business and commuters, but it also presents as a danger of becoming a bedroom community, it has been the fate of many other new towns in the Seoul Area. In the present, it has faced challenges balancing its sustainable development goals with environmentally calls for preserving bird habitats. The city aims to be green in any development to alters the natural environment. Contribution Songdo city had 40 percent of its area is dedicated to outdoor spaces, which compared to Seoul and other South Korean metropolises are densely populated with few open-air areas for residents. The district has been heavily promoting its 16miles of bicycle lanes, its central park and waterways, which reduces the needs for cars and provoke a more green environment in the city, the residential buildings were intentionally built within 12 minutes of bus and subway stops while most non-residential buildings are a walking distance from shops, restaurants, etc. Because the district was built from scratch, it has given developers the opportunity to invest heavily in technologies that have yet to debut in conventional cities. Take Songdo’s smart rubbish disposal system, a futuristic bit of hardware that spans the whole complex. No rubbish trucks will ever roam the leafy streets of Songdo, instead all household and office waste is sucked through a network of underground tubes to vast sorting facilities where it is all processed, deodorised and treated. The aim is to eventually convert all this sorted and treated waste into energy for the community, but the system is not yet fully operational. Smart grids and meters are already fairly common in Europe and the US, but the technology in Songdo is more pervasive than anything in the West. Because it was designed to this specification and not converted later like most ‘smart cities’ in the rest of the world, Songdo is completely geared towards sustainability; even the water pipes are designed to stop clean water, suitable for human consumption, being used in showers and toilets, and all of the embankment’s water goes through a sophisticated recycling system. The brains behind Songdo have thought carefully about financial incentives for businesses. Companies relocating to the district will have access to tax reductions, estate support and subsidies. No property tax will be levied for 10 years, followed by three years where businesses need only pay 50 percent of taxes due; small- and medium-sized companies will also be considered for rent reduction; and employees of companies with over 30 percent international investment will be able to claim a variety of perks – from location subsidies to promotion results compensation. The city will have four universities and will host professional development programming for local corporations. As a designated Free Economic Zone, Songdo seeks to attract banks, multinational and domestic corporations to its international business district.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 11: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. TARGETS 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums. 11.2 By 2030, providing access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons. 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries. 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural and natural heritage. 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations. 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management. 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities. 11.A Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

11.B By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels. 11.C Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities Sustainable development cannot be achieved without significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces. The rapid growth of citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a result of rising populations and increasing migrationâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;has led to a boom in mega-cities, especially in the developing world, and slums are becoming a more significant feature of urban life. Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways. Responses 1. Achieve integration and harmony between the services provided by federal government agencies and local government bodies 2. Developing guides for use of geospatial information technology, big data analytics and community-based data as additional sources of data at local, and national levels. 3. Developing functional definitions of what constitutes a city or urban or rural areas as distinct units for purposes of global monitoring. 4. Addressing several development challenges in cities such as - poverty, inadequate infrastructure, poor health institutions, increased slum dwellings, negative environmental impacts, inadequate transport and safe water access.

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Sunway City by Sunway Group KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

Figure 11.1 TOP: Sunway City (Source: https://www.sunwayproperty.com/malaysia-properties/malaysia-property-detail/sunway-geo/id/2a9ed3f0572b-688c-a7be-ff000068ef51/type/1.) TN 1: Sunway University (Source: https://www.sunwayproperty.com/malaysia-properties/malaysia-property-detail/sunway-geo/id/2a9ed3f0572b-688c-a7be-ff000068ef51/type/1.) TN 2: Sunway City Link (Source: https://www.sunwayproperty.com/malaysia-properties/malaysia-property-detail/sunway-geo/id/2a9ed3f0572b-688c-a7be-ff000068ef51/type/1.) TN 3: Sunway Lagoon (Source: https://www.sunwayproperty.com/malaysia-properties/malaysia-property-detail/sunway-geo/id/2a9ed3f0572b-688c-a7be-ff000068ef51/type/1)

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Sunway City is the country’s first integrated green township that had been developed by Sunway Group. Claiming to be the perfect role model championing sustainable development without compromising economic viability. Furthermore, the overall city development has been recognised as an Integrated Smart and Low-Carbon Township by International Data Corporation Government Insights. Challenges: The Building Materials used by Sunway Group utilizes local materials in order to achieve sustainable buildings that satisfies Target 11.c. All the manufacturing plants are in compliance and certified by: • MS ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System • MS ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System • Malaysia Green Building Index certification • Singapore Green Label certification In response to Target 11.2, Sunway intends to improve the connectivity and accessibility around Sunway City including its landscaping, road expansions and infrastructure enhancements. The company have co-invested in Malaysia’s first dedicated and elevated Bus Rapid Transit system (BRT–Sunway Line) that connects Sunway City with Setia Jaya KTM station and the LRT station in USJ7 effectively benefitting more than 500,000 commuters around Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya and USJ. Contribution: Sunway Property builds for a better tomorrow by creating an integrated environment to live, learn, work, play, be healthy and be connected in a safe environment. Sunway is committed to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and intends to continue creating positive impact on our cities and communities within Malaysia.

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Taasinge Square by GHB Landscape Architects COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

Figure 11.2 TOP: Aerial view (Source: https://www.ghblandskab.dk/en/projects/taasinge-square.) TN 1: Link bridge (Source: https://www.ghblandskab.dk/en/projects/taasinge-square.) TN 2: Pedestrian path (Source: https://www.ghblandskab.dk/en/projects/taasinge-square.) TN 3: Entrance to park (Source: https://www.ghblandskab.dk/en/projects/taasinge-square)

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The project was inspired by the idea of the rainforest in which the structure of space is determined by the logic of water. From the very beginning, local residents played an active role in defining the project, working in an interdisciplinary team made up of landscapers, engineers and artists. Throughout the development of the project the square itself was the venue for talks, debates and temporary installations giving an account of its evolution. Taasinge Square has received numerous international awards, including a Special Award in connection with the European Award for Urban Public Space 2016 Challenges: The Taasinge Square aims to provide St.Kjeldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Quarter in Copenhagen a special green environment and sustainable landmark. In response to Target 11.5, the square intends to control and retain rainwater as much as possible from the roofs and streets found in its local site context, which delays the water flow to the sewers to cope with the heavy downpours in the future. Contribution: Taasinge Square is located in the heart of Denmark's as it is the first climate resilient neighbourhood. The handling of rainwater is exposed with advanced learning and demonstration value. As a green oasis in a densely populated city district, the square will be able to manage heavy rainfalls in the coming future.

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Minghu Wetland Park by Turenscape LIUPANSHUI, GUIZHOU, CHINA

Figure 11.3 TOP: Pedestrian bridge (Source: http://landezine.com/index.php/2014/08/minghu-wetland-park-by-turenscape/) TN 1: Pathway (Source: http://landezine.com/index.php/2014/08/minghu-wetland-park-by-turenscape/) TN 2: Wetland View A (Source: http://landezine.com/index.php/2014/08/minghu-wetland-park-by-turenscape/) TN 3: Wetland View B (Source: http://landezine.com/index.php/2014/08/minghu-wetland-park-by-turenscape/)

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Liupanshui, known for its cool plateau climate, is an industrial city built in mid 1960s in a valley surrounded by limestone hills, with the River Shuichenghe running through it. With an area of 60 square kilometers, the city is densely inhabited by a population of 0.6 million. The scope of the task includes ecological restoration of the river, the upgrading of urban open space system, as well as increasing the value of urban waterfront land. The landscape along the Shuicheng River is therefore recovered as an ecological infrastructure providing ecological services to the region. The site was officially designated as a National Wetland Park in 2013. Liupanshui Minghu Wetland Park received a 2014 ASLA Honor Award for its impressive multipurpose and ecological design. Challenges: As an element of a major campaign of environmental improvement the city government commissioned the landscape architect to develop a holistic strategy to address multiple serious problems including water pollution, flood and storm-water inundation and the inadequate of recreation of public space due to population explosion in the city. Turenscape is hence sought to improve the water quality, provide stormwater retention, recover the channelized River Shuicheng, creating a water based ecological infrastructure that would retain flood season waters and create public green space for the densely populated city. Contribution: Similarly, to Target 11.5, the strategy is to slow the flow of water from the hillside slopes and create a water-based ecological infrastructure that will retain and remediate the storm-water, and make water the active agent in regenerating a healthy ecosystem to provide natural and cultural services that transform the industrial city into a liveable human habitat. Terraced wetlands and retention ponds were created to reduce peak water flow and regulate the seasonal rainwater. The project combines waterfront development and river restoration. The ecological infrastructure catalyzes urban renewal efforts in Liupanshui, significantly increases land values, and enhances urban vitality that satisfies Target 11.4.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODCUTION

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns TARGETS 12.1 Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of developing countries 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses 12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse 12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle 12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with national policies and priorities

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12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature 12.A Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production 12.B Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products 12.C Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production For sustainability, building should be designed for long life time, be maintained steadily and adapted carefully to the existing building. Use the natural resources efficiently and promote the local materials. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Doing more with lessâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. By reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse of building materials, minimize the negative impact to the nature and environment. Responses 1. Promote resource and energy efficiency 2. Improve living quality 3. Raise the awareness for sustainable development 4. Promote local culture and source materials locally

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Etania Green School by billionBricks + Architecture BRIO BEAUFORT, SABAH, MALAYSIA

Figure 12.1 TOP: Building Faรงade (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908710/etania-green-school-architecture-brio-plus-billionbricks) TN 1: Front Faรงade (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908710/etania-green-school-architecture-brio-plus-billionbricks) TN 2: Corridor (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908710/etania-green-school-architecture-brio-plus-billionbricks) TN 3: Interior (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/908710/etania-green-school-architecture-brio-plus-billionbricks)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

In Sabah, there are many marginalised and stateless children of illegal or legal Indonesian migrant labourers. They have no access to education before that. Therefore, the Etania Green School is built as the learning centres for the children. They envision a quality education for every child, they believe everyone has the right to learn and study regardless the socioeconomic background. With the collaboration with Harvard Business School, they planned to build 30 school all over across Sabah, and the Etania Green School is the first of the 30. Awarded with Trends Excellence Awards in the Sustainable project category. Challenges: The location of the school is along a river where there is always a massive flood happened once every 10 years which is caused by the destruction of the rainforest. As a result, the school need to be raised from the ground level. Material used shall be able to withstand the load from the building above and maximize the usable space at the ground floor. Besides that, maintain the sustainability of the chosen materials. Contribution: Five decommissioned shipping containers and some artificially made mound from soil excavated for a water harvesting pond are used as the support to raise the classrooms above from the ground and as the foundation of the classrooms. It minimises the structural component at the same time, the containers are used to accommodate the store rooms and toilet. Since the classrooms are raised and opened, it is naturally cool by the capturing the breeze. The classrooms are built from recycled timber sourced from a local construction company. All the materials used are sourced locally.

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Handmade School by Anna Heringer + Eike Roswag DINAJPUR, BANGLADESH

Figure 12.2 TOP: Building Faรงade (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/51664/handmade-school-anna-heringer-eike-roswag) TN 1: Interior (Source: https://www.sarahbeekmans.com/meti-handmade-school/) TN 2: West Facade (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/51664/handmade-school-anna-heringer-eike-roswag) TN 3: Interior (Source: https://www.archdaily.com/51664/handmade-school-anna-heringer-eike-roswag)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Handmade school by Anna Heringer, built in Bangladesh. The name of the building itself is selfexplanatory, a handmade school, aims to improve the living quality in the rural area. Hand built in 4 months with the participation of the local craftsmen, students, teachers and the architects by using the traditional construction method and natural local materials with some adaption of new building methods. It won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture Tenth Award Circle 06/2007 and got the Curry Stone Design Prize in 2009. Challenges: The usage of imported materials has been kept on increasing, people often believes that imported building materials are better than the local materials, so people used to import materials from overseas which result in large carbon footprint. However, local natural materials are actually good enough, provided with using the right construction method. Besides that, buildings nowadays are not designed to be environment friendly and do not comprise with the nature. While the indoor climate is often regulated with air conditioning but not depending on the building design. Contribution: The building is built by using the traditional materials like brick, loam, straw, bamboo and rope with the traditional construction and building technique, both the materials and skills from local labourers are fully utilized. The construction method used for the school is the historical earth building technique which mud is mixed with straw and applied to the walls in layers. Brick masonry is used in the foundation to prevent the mud wall above from being washed away by the rainwater. While bamboo as a resource which available all around the site, is used in the making of roof, 3 layers of bamboo are arranged accordingly to provide lateral stabilization and connection between the supporting beams. Bamboo is also used for the wall at the second level. All the natural materials are available just around the site and they are all used with full potential. When the school is no longer needed, the materials can just back to where they come from, get fully recycled without any loose of quality. For maintenance and repairing for mud wall, just add water to the broken part, and place it back to wall. Besides that, with the combination of traditional building method and modern building method, the school is passively heated and cooled. A solar heating thermal system is also used in the building to generate energy that needed by itself.

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Bottle School by Hug It Forward GUATEMALA, UNITED STATE

Figure 12.3 TOP: Building Faรงade (Source: https://hugitforward.org/photos-and-videos/) TN 1: Exterior (Source: http://hugitforward.org/help-build-a-bottle-school/) TN 2: Eco-Brick (Source: http://blog.virginmegastore.me/index.php/tag/hug-it-forward/) TN 3: Interior (Source: https://inhabitat.com/hug-it-forwards-new-house-made-of-plastic-bottles-clearsanother-community-of-trash/hug-it-forward-bottle-house-5/)

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Hug It Forward is an US-based grassroots nonprofit organization. They have been working in Guatemala since 2009, empowering the communities there by building the ‘bottle schools’. It is school built with plastic bottles that fully stuffed with inorganic trash which they called it ‘ecobricks’, use it as the wall filler. Challenges: Plastic bottles and inorganic trashes can be seen everywhere, scattering throughout the community, billion tons of inorganic trashes are generated every year, it often end up being burned or buried and contaminate our environment and the human health. On top of that, education is something that people takes for granted in the urban area, but in the rural or indigenous area, it is something people wish for, not everyone has the opportunity to study. The awareness of sustainability of people nowadays is also weak. Contribution: Thousands of plastic bottles together with inorganic trashes like chips packet, plastic bag and polystyrene are collected from the immediate communities where this project is executed and also the surrounding communities. The project not only cleans up the trash in the community but also improve the living quality in Guatemala where they provide opportunity for education. Besides that, educate the youth about sustainability and recycling. During the construction, the whole village participates in building the school. In the process, they learnt how to differentiate the organic and inorganic trash and the negative impact to the environment. The involvement of students and the local communities empower themselves by learning a new skill and give them the ownership of the school and pride of realization of the project. The bottle schools are designed for life-long, estimated to last for 100 years. And the cost for the school is 100%-200% less than the other school in Guatamala. Besides that, Hug It Forward wish to raise awareness about the recycling, sustainable consumption and the power of community. They also share the bottle school technology in the ‘Bottle School Manual’ (BSM), parties who is interested can construct their own bottle school. It creates the ripple effect where every inauguration of the bottle school is a step to increase the opportunities towards education and increase the environmental consciousness.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 13: CLIMATE ACTION

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts TARGETS 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries 13.1.3 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies 13.1.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people13.1.2 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning 13.2.1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other) 13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning 13.3.1 Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula 13.3.2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions 13.A Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually 63

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible 13.A.1 Mobilized amount of United States dollars per year starting in 2020 accountable towards the $100 billion commitment 13.B Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities * Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change. 13.B.1 Number of least developed countries and small island developing States that are receiving specialized support, and amount of support, including finance, technology and capacity-building, for mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change-related planning and management, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 13: Climate Action As climatic changes are seen due to several causes such as Alteration of the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s orbit, shift in the geological equilibrium of the planet and even the variation in the equilibrium of oceanic currents. However, the most emphasized actor is how the climate has fluctuated due to human activities. The building environment and architecture responses to the goal by adapting capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters around the globes. Furthermore, amalgamate the changes of climate into national policies and strategies and planning hence enabling several plans and strategies to adapt to several climatic aspects. Responses 1. Prevent climate-related hazards by the appropriate use of the form and orientation of the building 2. Applying suitable type of material for the buildings to solve fluctuating of temperature and of type of aspects 3. Enabling the extent of architectural influence for climatic change by showing the environmental impacts shown on buildings 4. Adapting to sustainable design by taking into account the building regulations and codes hence allowing the architectural factors respond to the climate actions.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Menara Mesiniaga by Ken Yeang SUBANG JAYA, MALAYSIA

Figure 13.1 TOP: Open terrace (Source: https://www.mesiniaga.com.my/about-us/menara-mesiniaga.aspx) TNI1: Office area (Source:https://www.archdaily.com/774098/ad-classics-menara-mesiniaga-t-r-hamzah-and-yeang-sdnbhd?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all) TN2: Roof (Source: :https://www.archdaily.com/774098/ad-classics-menara-mesiniaga-t-r-hamzah-and-yeang-sdnbhd?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all) TN3: Open terrace (Source : :https://www.archdaily.com/774098/ad-classics-menara-mesiniaga-t-r-hamzah-and-yeang-sdnbhd?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Menara Mesiniaga is a futuristic building located in SS15 which is designed based on passive design strategies for the hot and humid climate of Malaysia. Challenges: Malaysia is considered as a tropical zone hence it is located near the equator. This categorizes the place being hot and humid throughout the year where the average rainfall is 250cm per year plus strong winds occur during the rain which are often from northeast and southeast. In addition, it intensifies during monsoons. Contribution: Menara Mesiniaga is a known futuristic bioclimatic building which integrates passive energy features into the design on the building. In response to target 13.2, The form of the building enables the wind resistance to be reduced and even the turbulence, which increases the effectiveness of natural ventilation within the building. In addition to the use of materials, Aluminum, glass, concrete and steel are used for shading and insulating purposes.

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Spaulding Hospital by Perkins + Wills BOSTON,UNITED STATES

Figure 13.2 TOP: Exterior (Source: https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/spaulding-rehabilitation-hospital) TN 1: Green roof (Source: https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/spaulding-rehabilitation-hospital) TN 2: Front faรงade from Seaview (Source: https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/spaulding-rehabilitation-hospital) TN 3: Interior viewing outdoor (Source: https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/spaulding-rehabilitation-hospital)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Located in Boston, Spaulding hospital is a teaching hospital for Harvard Medical School’s Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. It is well known it’s high rank in U.S. News and World Report for best hospitals since. Challenges: Due to earth’s climate warming up and polar ice caps melt (the albedo effect), this cause has helped to predict the significance of flooding which will increase between 2feet and 5.5 feet higher comparing to due to due to major storms 80 years from now one Natural disasters such as flooding take place in Charleston as the area is located in the Atlantic Coastal region. Furthermore, the whole area tends to be heavily affected from flooding due to heavy rain and high tides. Contribution: A hospital’s main reliability is on the electricity and power supporting the structure, however in a flooding situation, if the power equipment is located near or below sea level, the systems will fail and this will affect the patients inside the hospital. In response to target 13.2, Spaulding rehabilitation hospital aim to take action by taking preventive measures due to flood such as putting the hospital’s generators up on the roof and including routing and fireproofing of the high voltage electrical supplies. In addition, in response to target 13.1.1, the design of the hospital has established a point to increase the height of the ground floor to the highest possible point to be safe from any danger due to flooding. Furthermore, granite block and live oak beams are included in the landscape design as reef-like barriers to alleviate the intensity of the storm surge.

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Edith Green - Wendell Wyatt federal building by SOM PORTLAND, OREGON, UNITED STATES

Figure 13.2 TOP: Main faรงade (Source: https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-northwest-arctic-region10/buildings-and-facilities/oregon/edith-greenwendell-wyatt-modernization-project) TN 1: Shading devices (Source: https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-northwest-arctic-region10/buildings-and-facilities/oregon/edith-greenwendell-wyatt-modernization-project) TN 2: Roof Garden (Source: https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-northwest-arctic-region10/buildings-and-facilities/oregon/edith-greenwendell-wyatt-modernization-project) TN 3: Exterior plants (Source : https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-northwest-arctic-region10/buildings-and-facilities/oregon/edith-greenwendell-wyatt-modernization-project)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Opened in 1975, Edit Green-Wendell Wyatt federal building is an 18 story tower, which consist of an international style architecture. The office was built and owned by the federal government. Challenges: The effects due to climate change are seen throughout the world. such as increasing of carbon footprint which is the main greenhouse gas. This results in the solar heat to be trapped in the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s atmosphere thus increasing the daily temperature. Contribution: In response to target 13.3.2, Wendell Wyatt federal building has achieved of reducing 60% of energy use compare to the surrounding buildings in Oregon. The design is mainly focused in comfort and the energy performance. Furthermore, specific shading devices are used for the facades for the success of the primary energy conservation measure.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 15: LIFE ON LAND

Sustainably managed forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss TARGETS 15.1 By 2020, ensure conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements 15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests, and increase afforestation and reforestation by x% globally 15.3 By 2020, combat desertification, and restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land-degradation neutral world 15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, to enhance their capacity to provide benefits which are essential for sustainable development 15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce degradation of natural habitat, halt the loss of biodiversity, and by 2020 protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 15.6 Ensure fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources, and promote appropriate access to genetic resources 15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna, and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products 15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems, and control or eradicate the priority species

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystems and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes and poverty reduction strategies, and accounts 15.a Mobilize and significantly increase from all sources financial resources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems 15.b Mobilize significantly resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management, and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance sustainable forest management, including for conservation and reforestation 15.c Enhance global support to efforts to combat poaching and trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Built Environment/Architecture responses to SDG 15: Life on Land The building contributes by being able to preserve, restore and support ecosystems through the incorporation of habitats for plants, animals, and other living things. Therefore, natural environmental damages should be minimized and buildings must assure the sustenance of local flora and fauna. Buildings can also contribute to tackling deforestation through the use of materials that are recycled or able to be recycled. Local flora and fauna should be utilized for landscape of buildings such as green roofs and gardens, hence able to reduce the loss of local flora and fauna. The built environments could also utilize natural elements to sustains its landscape. Responses 1. Develop habitats allowing the sustenance of local flora and fauna. 2. Converting large unused areas such as roofs to gardens. 3. Incorporating local fauna as landscape. 4. Usage of recycled and recyclable materials for building design. 5. Usage of natural elements to sustain life.

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PJ Trade Centre by Kevin Mark Low PETALING JAYA, MALAYSIA

Figure 15.1 TOP: Courtyard (Source: www.tujuangemilang.com) TN 1: Courtyard (Source: www.tujuangemilang.com) TN 2: Aluminium grating (Source: www.tujuangemilang.com) TN 3: Exterior (Source: www.tujuangemilang.com)

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The PJ Trade centre is located in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. It is designed by Kevin Mark Low along with Seksan Design. It has won multiple FIABCI awards ever since its construction. Challenges: Minimizing the damage to the natural environment while constructing a large building in a natural environment. By erecting an office building requiring a large area means that a large area of forest will be required to be demolished during construction. This project minimizes loss of land through its landscape planning Contribution: The PJ Trade Centre in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia aims to reduce the loss of natural environment lost during the construction of the building by recreating a natural habitat within the building. A 2.5-acre man-made forest consisting of more than 1,600 trees is featured in the building to restore a portion of the demolished forest, the man-made forest acts as a habitat for local wildlife species such as small insects and birds. The placing of building elements is also carefully planned to ensure that greenery placed throughout the building are able to be sustained through the use of natural elements, this is achieved by creating voids in between buildings blocks and utilizing aluminum gratings as flooring to connect the buildings. The aluminum gratings allow rainwater to travel through them, allowing the vegetations placed beneath to be watered through rainwater. Due to the tropical climate of Malaysia, the frequent rainfall allows the plants to be sustained without the use of water sources and watering equipment. Furthermore, the materials used for the construction of the PJ Trade Centre are raw and unpainted, the materials are also recycled local materials. This allows the PJ Trade Centre to further decrease the harm done to its surrounding natural environment.

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ACROS Fukuoka by Emilio Ambasz FUKUOKA, JAPAN

Figure 15.2 TOP: Front facade (Source: www.greenroofs.com) TN 1: Perspective (Source: www.greenroofs.com) TN 2: Zoom in (Source: www.greenroofs.com) TN 3: Aerial view (Source: www.greenroofs.com)

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The ACROS is an office building located in Fukuoka, Japan. It is designed by Emilio Ambasz which features a stairs-like faĂ§ade with a wide variety of greeneries. Challenges: Preserving one of the last few parks found in the city of Fukuoka. The ACROS building found in Fukuoka Japan was proposed to be constructed on a piece of green land which happened to be one of the last parks of Fukuoka. The project utilizes proper planning to maintain the amount of greeneries and restore natural habitats. Contribution: The main goal of ACROS Fukuoka in Japan is to restore its destroyed landscape by utilizing its large roof area to imitate a hill. The roof of ACROS Fukuoka is equipped with 35,000 plants and 76 different plant species, but since its construction, birds have brought in seeds resulting the roof 50,000 plants and 120 different species. And these plants replace a large portion of nature that was destroyed during construction and they consist of mainly local plant species to ensure the preservation of local species. The idea was to manipulate the landform using the building to imitate the hill which allows the green roof to be connect to the remaining untouched nature allowing users of the park to interact with the green roof as well. The green roof is also able to capture rainwater runoff thus allowing the plants to be watered naturally throughout the year with rainwater, as a result, the built-in sprinkler system for the ACROS building has not been used since its construction as consistent rainwater has been provided throughout the years of Fukuokaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s coastal climate assuring the sustenance of its vegetations. The green roof also acts as a natural habitat for small animals and insects of the surrounding environment compensating for the destruction of the natural wildlife habitat during the construction of the building.

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Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens by JL Christian Minnerly PITTSBURG, USA

Figure 15.3 TOP: Garden (Source: www.phipps.conservatory.org) TN1: Rooftop (Source: www.sustainablesites.org) TN2: Pond (Source: www.sustainablesites.org) TN3: Pond (Source: www.sustainablesites.org)

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The Phipps conservatory and botanical gardens is a botanical garden and conservatory center that is located at Pittsburgh, USA. It was awarded the Global sustainability leadership award. Challenges: Constructing a conservatory centre linked to an existing building and site while dealing minimal damage to the environment. The project is a proposed extension to the existing Phipps conservatory and Botanical gardens found on the Schenley Park. The project minimizes the green field loss of the park through its landscape design and material use. Contribution: The conservatory center features multiple gardens including a rooftop garden to maintain the green environment of the Schenley Park which it is constructed on. The garden collaborates with its pervious asphalt in order to capture rainwater runoff which is then stored and reused to water the gardens. The gardens of the conservatory center also consist of local flora species in order to provide a natural habitat to the pollinators of its local plants therefore reducing the damage caused to the natural habitat for its local wildlife while allowing its local plants to spread to its surrounding. The conservatory centres also demonstrated proper use of materials to reduce harm to the nature. The timber used to construct the conservatory centre is Black Locust Lumber, which are originally hard and does not require treatment. Also, the sandstone selected to construct the building are also local from the quarries in Pittsburgh. Phipps Conservatory focuses on avoiding the Living Building Red List materials which consist of harmful chemicals causing harm to the environment.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 17: PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. TARGETS Finance 17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection 17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries 17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources 17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress 17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries

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Technology 17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism 17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed 17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacitybuilding mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology Capacity building 17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation Trade 17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization, including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha Development Agenda 17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the least developed countriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; share of global exports by 2020 17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries, consistent with World Trade Organization decisions, including by ensuring that preferential rules of origin applicable to imports from least developed countries are transparent and simple, and contribute to facilitating market access 82

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Systemic issues Policy and institutional coherence 17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability, including through policy coordination and policy coherence 17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development 17.15 Respect each countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s policy space and leadership to establish and implement policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development Multi-stakeholder partnerships 17.16 Enhance the global partnership for sustainable development, complemented by multistakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievement of the sustainable development goals in all countries, in particular developing countries 17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships Data, monitoring and accountability 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts 17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries

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Built Environment/Architecture responses to Goal 17: Partnership For The Goals The built environment requires to involve from governments, institutional actors, researches, businesses and citizens. Architects, designers and planners are encourage to share knowledge, promote sustainable solutions, and engage in collaboration with. Research and institutional partners, for examples, develop non-profit partnerships for the commercial partnerships. Partnership includes associations and networks of professionals brings together architectural associations to ensure the sharing of new knowledge in a life-cycle perspective. Responses 1. Built global partnership for sustainable development to improve human lives and protect environment. 2. Promote community development in slum. 3. Architectural associations are encourage to engage with corporate partnership which brings fundings, resources and knowledge and manpower. 4. Collaboration with innovation of climate adaption technology to overcome the climate change issues. 5. Collaborate with NPO relating to inequality gender in respond to built environment to combat the inequality and historical heritage issues 6. Sharing knowledge and arise social awareness for promoting sustainable solutions by engaging with researchers and institutional partners.

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Putrajaya International Convention Centre (PICC) by Hijjas Kasturi Associates PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA

Figure 17.1 TOP: Front View (Source: https://integratedinfo.com.my/putrajaya-international-convention-centre-picc/ ) TN 1: Conference room (Source: https://integratedinfo.com.my/putrajaya-international-convention-centre-picc/ ) TN 2: Bird-eye view (Source: https://integratedinfo.com.my/putrajaya-international-convention-centre-picc/) TN3: Conference hall (Source: https://integratedinfo.com.my/putrajaya-international-convention-centre-picc/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Putrajaya International Convention Centre (PICC) is one of the jewels of the architectural might of Putrajaya, Malaysia’s federal administrative capital. It is one of Malaysia’s pioneer meeting and convention venues. Nested in an oasis of green parks, lakes and wetlands, it’s a carefully planned, high-tech centre for meetings of any types and shapes. The convention centre is meant to provide the best possible venue and hospitality to world leaders. PICC receives a yearly average of more than 230,000 delegates and 15,000 visitors around the world since 2006, PICC is the first convention centre to be awarded the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Best Practice Award by ASEAN in 2007 and International Quality Crown (IQC) Award in 2014 in the Gold Category. Challenges: National Green technology Policy was launched by the Prime Minister of Malaysia in August 2009, which by 2020 to achieve the goal of reducing CO2 emission intensity of GDP, as promised during Climate Change Summit in Copenhagen 2009. The governments initiatives included to restructuring and develop Putrajaya and Cyberjaya as pioneers townships in green Technology, in order to promote green sustainable development. Contribution: The convention centre is a mini garden city concept for preserving the original landscape of the site as public parks and garden. PICC designed to host he 10st OIC summit as a convention centre located in the Federal Administration Centre of Putrajaya. The building offers spaces for corporate event, it compromised 49 discrete venue with 1.3 million square feet of usable space of conference space.The key international target markets such as Europe and US will join the Malaysia Convention & Exhibition Bureau (MyCEB) in its overseas tradeshow participation. Partnership committees will be set up in PICC timely which attraction a lots of corporation such as Malaysia Airlines, hotels in Putrajaya and neighbouring Cyberjaya, Bangi and Sri Kembangan areas come up with attractive packages and good rated for customers holding events at PICC.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

ZEN (Zero-Energy Nanotechnology) EYP & Engineering ALBANY, NEW YORK

Building

Figure 17.2 TOP: Front View (Source: https://www.eypae.com/client/suny-polytechnic-institute/zen-zero-energy-nanotechnology-building ) TN 1: Meeting Space (Source: https://www.eypae.com/client/suny-polytechnic-institute/zen-zero-energy-nanotechnology-building ) TN 2: ZEN office for DPS engineering (Source: https://www.bizjournals.com/albany/news/2018/08/27/general-contractor-preparing-to-go-public.html) TN 3: SUNY Poly's Albany NanoTech Complex (Source: https://sunypoly.edu/research/albany-nanotech-complex.html)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

SUNY Polytechnic Institute in Albany, New York, has more than $40 billion invested in hightechnology and over 4,000 scientists, engineers, students ad faculty, the facility has attracted more than 300 industrial partners to develop technology in semiconductor fabrication and nanotechnology. Challenges: This global partnership with Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) aims to leverage one of the largest mixed-use, zero energy buildings in the world to design ultra-high energy efficiency capabilities which can be adopted to cut the operating costs of buildings in New York State and around the world through the reduction of Governor Cuomo’s high-tech vision making New York State the leader in advanced research and clean energy technologies through such efforts as the NY-Sun initiative, CNSE is excited to partner with NEDO to further develop the ZEN building as a platform for the demonstration of systems which will lead to even more deep energy saving buildings in the future. Contribution: Respond to target 17.6, This global partnership with Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organisation (NEDO) aims to leverage one of the largest mixed-use, zero energy buildings in the world to design ultra-high energy efficient capabilities which can be adopted to cut the operating costs of buildings in New York State and around the world through the reduction of energy loads and the utilisation of optimum onsite energy generating opportunities. Related to target 17.9, The ZEN building supports a wide range of activities, including Research & Development, office space for research partners in business and industry, as well as teaching space for faculty and students. The partnership between Suny Poly and Japan's New Energy and Industrial Development Organization (NEDO) powered the investment in and installation of new green technologies(solar photovoltaic, lighting, fuel cells and smart building energy management system) at this world-class zero energy building, in support of Governor Cuomo’s high-tech economic vision and clean energy technologies for New York State. DPS Engineering has been integrating sustainability and energy efficient design into all of its projects; both new buildings and retrofits. By placing its offices at ZEN it can further enhance its commitment to smart and green technology.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Health Sciences Education Building by CO ARCHITECTS & AYERS SAINT GROSS ARCHITECTS PHOENIX, UNITED STATES

Figure 17.3 TOP: Front View (Sources: https://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-co-architects) TN1: Collaboration Space (Sources: https://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-co-architects) TN2: Aerial View (Sources: https://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-co-architects) TN3: Interior (Source: https://aasarchitecture.com/2013/06/health-sciences-education-building-by-co-architects.html/)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

The University of Arizona (UA) College od Medicine Phoenix, in partnership with and Northern Arizona University, is creating a new model for an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to health sciences education and research. Challenges: The problem and building design was developed by CO Architects to support an independent and collaborative health sciences education and research campus on a 28-arc urban setting in downtown Phoenix. The design for the Health Sciences Education Building is inspired from Arizonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mountains and canyons and responds to the desert climate, characterized by intense sunlight and extreme temperatures. The siting of the building originates from the master plan by Ayers Saint Gross that establishes a north-south central campus green connecting the historic buildings to the south with future research facilities to the north. Contribution: The Health Sciences Education Building (HSEB) is part of the inter-institutional campus for health science education and research, and supports the colleges of medicine, allied health, and biomedical informatics. A key characteristic of the program is a model of collective resources shared by the UA College of Medicine-Phoenix, the UA College of Pharmacy, and the UA Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, as well as by Northern Arizona Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s College of Health and Human Services programs. An interactive planning process, which involved educators from the cross-section of health sciences disciplines, has worked collaboratively to create an educational vision of a team- based continuity of care model.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Citation Goal 2 MEDINI CITY - EDIBLE PARK

MEDINI’S URBAN PARK. (n.d.). Retrieved October 6, 2019, from http://www.medini.com.my/wp-content/themes/medini/images/media/190423-MediniUrban-Park-Wins-Excellence-Award-From-ILAM.pdf. Property Insight. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://propertyinsight.com.my/news-release/medinicity-opens-cycling-paths-creates-green-parks/. Malay Mail. (2018, March 30). Lush garden that keeps on giving: Malay Mail. Retrieved from https://www.malaymail.com/news/eat-drink/2018/03/31/lush-garden-that-keeps-ongiving/1611427. Kamal, I. M. A. (2018, March 13). A greener idyll. Retrieved from https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sunday-vibes/2018/03/344294/greener-idyll.

FARMING KINDERGARTEN

Hernández, D. (2014, November 11). Farming Kindergarten / Vo Trong Nghia Architects. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/566580/farming-kindergarten-vo-trong-nghiaarchitects Frearson, A. (2016, August 5). Vo Trong Nghia's Farming Kindergarten has a garden on its looping roof. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2014/11/11/farming-kindergarten-vo-trong-nghiaarchitects-vietnam-vegetable-garden/ Williams, A. (2015, May 2). Green-roofed kindergarten constructed in Vietnam. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/green-roofed-kindergarten-vietnam/34788/ Wang, L. (2016, May 25). Green-Roofed Farming Kindergarten Teaches 500 Vietnamese Children How to Grow Their Own Food. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/green-roofed-farming-kindergarten-teaches-500vietnamese-children-how-to-grow-their-own-food/ Vietnampictorial.com. (n.d.). Farming Kindergarten Listed in the World’s 30 Best New Buildings. Retrieved from https://vietnam.vnanet.vn/english/farming-kindergarten-listed-in-the-worlds30-best-new-buildings/254284.html

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

VAC LIBRARY

VAC-LIBRARY. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://architizer.com/projects/vac-library/. Es, K. van. (2019, January 29). Library in Hanoi Teaches Children about Farming. Retrieved from https://www.avontuura.com/vac-library-by-farming-architects/. ThongtinDuan.vn. (n.d.). VAC Library: Mô hình nông nghiệp được tái hiện sinh động trong khu đô thị An Hưng. Retrieved from https://thongtinduan.vn/nha-dep/kham-pha-trainghiem/3118-vac-library-mo-hinh-nong-nghiep-vuon-ao-chuong-55m2-duoc-tai-hien-sinhdong-trong-khu-do-thi-an-hung-ha-noi.html. Admin. (2019, January 14). New library in Hanoi aims to show young children the benefits of aquaponics in an urban setting. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/new-library-in-hanoiaims-to-show-young-children-the-benefits-of-aquaponics-in-an-urban-setting/. Admin. (2019, January 14). New library in Hanoi aims to show young children the benefits of aquaponics in an urban setting. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/new-library-in-hanoiaims-to-show-young-children-the-benefits-of-aquaponics-in-an-urban-setting/. Tapia, D. (2019, January 7). Vac-Library / Farming Architects. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/908873/vac-library-farming-architects. Astbury, J. (2019, January 27). Climbing frame library in Vietnam has a thriving aquaponics system. Retrieved from: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/01/20/vac-library-farming-architects-hanoi/

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 3 PAM CENTER Livingasean. (2016, November 16). The New Architecture Icon in Malaysia // The New PAM Centre. Retrieved from https://livingasean.com/explore/architecture-icon-in-malaysia/. PAM Centre: The Space Between - INDESIGNLIVE SINGAPORE: Daily Connection to Architecture and Design. (2017, December 19). Retrieved from https://www.indesignlive.sg/projects/the-space-between.

BULLITT CENTER

Bullitt Center. (2018, January 12). Retrieved from https://living-future.org/lbc/casestudies/bullitt-center/#overview. DEI Creative in Seattle, W. A. (n.d.). Building http://www.bullittcenter.org/building/building-features/.

Features.

Retrieved

from

PARKROYAL ON PICKERING

Sustainable and Green Features. (2018, May 25). Retrieved from http://www.mynewsdesk.com/sg/pan-pacific-hotels-group/pressreleases/parkroyal-onpickering-sustainable-and-green-features-2437465. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://socisdg.com/en/blog/sustainable-development-goal3-ensure-healthy-lives-and-promote-well-being-for-all-at-all-ages/. Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usgbc.org/articles/sustainable-development-goal-3-good-health-and-wellbeing. The 'World's Greenest Commercial' Building Opens in Seattle Today. (2013, April 22). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/363007/the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-inseattle-today. WOHA's parkroyal hotel features curved high rise gardens. (2017, September 11). Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/wohas-parkroyal-hotel-features-curved-hi-risegardens/. Za, W. L. (2017, July 18). Century-old institute PAM gets a new (and green) home. Retrieved from https://www.star2.com/culture/design/2017/07/19/century-old-institute-pam-gets-anew-and-green-home/.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 7 PARAMIT PENANG

Factory in the Forest, Penang: Design Unit. http://designunit.com.my/industrial/factory-in-the-forest/

(n.d.).

Retrieved

from

Kishnani, N. (2019, March 4). Paramit Factory: A Case Study in Industrial Biophilic Design. Retrieved from https://blog.interface.com/paramit-factory-in-a-forest/

ONE EMBANKMENT PLACE

Lane, T. (2013, December 6). PwC's London office: Highest BREEAM-rated building ever. Retrieved from https://www.building.co.uk/focus/pwcs-london-office-highest-breeam-ratedbuilding-ever/5064009.article. Beavis, L. (2014, May 15). PwC creates the most sustainable building in the world. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sustainability-case-studies-pwc-oneembankment-place.

MANITOBA HYDRO PLACE

Saieh, N. (2009, December 24). Manitoba Hydro / KPMB Architects. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/44596/manitoba-hydro-kpmb-architects.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 8 AIR ASIA REDQ

AirAsia RedQ, RedQuarters. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.klia2.info/airlines/airasia-redqredquarters/. Tay, R. (2019, May 1). Here's what it's like inside AirAsia's RedQ, where everyone has access to the CEO, cheaper childcare, a spiral slide and sleeping pods. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.my/heres-what-its-like-inside-airasias-redq-whereeveryone-has-access-to-the-ceo-cheaper-childcare-a-spiral-slide-and-sleeping-pods/ Construction+. (2017, June 5). AirAsia RedQ - Construction Plus Asia. Retrieved October 8, 2019, from http://www.constructionplusasia.com/airasia-redq/

AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL BELLA VISTA

Rojas, C. (2017, July 17). Agricultural School Bella Vista / CODE. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/875095/agricultural-school-bella-vista-code. Archaic. (2018, January 24). Agricultural School Bella Vista // CODE -. Retrieved from https://www.archaic-mag.com/magazine/2018/1/24/agricultural-school-bella-vista-code.

ECO OLIVE OIL FACTORY

Fehrenbacher, J. (2009, March 10). Eco Olive Oil Factory by Guillermo Hevia Architects. Retrieved from https://inhabitat.com/olive-oil-factory-by-guillermo-hevia-architects/. Saieh, N. (2009, April 21). Olisur: Olive Oil factory / GH A: Guillermo Hevia. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/19631/olisur-olive-oil-factory-guillermo-hevia-gha. GH A Guillermo Hevia Architects: olive oil factory in Chile: Floornature. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.floornature.com/gh-a-guillermo-hevia-architects-olive-oil-factory-in-chile-9254/. Krader, K., & Krader, K. (2010, May 14). Chilean Olive Oils Are Coming. Retrieved from https://www.foodandwine.com/blogs/chilean-olive-oils-are-coming.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 9 CYBERJAYA

Admin, T. (2019, March 4). Cyberjaya the New Undeniably Safest Town. Retrieved October 12, 2019, from https://www.xtra.com.my/en/category/lifestyle/posts/cyberjaya-the-newundeniably-safest-town Binary.com. (n.d.). Binary.com. Retrieved from https://www.binary.com/en/cyberjaya.html Kaur, S. (2018, September 20). Cyberjaya set for new growth wave. Retrieved October 12, 2019, from https://www.nst.com.my/property/2018/09/413170/cyberjaya-set-new-growth-wave

NEW LOGIC III

Knudsen, J. (2019, August 19). DC New Logic III. Retrieved from https://www.reynaers.com/en/get-inspired/aluminium-project-references/dc-new-logic-iii Verhey, R. (n.d.). Nieuwbouw DC New Logic III. Retrieved October 12, 2019, from https://www.heembouw.nl/bedrijfsruimten/projecten/dc-new-logic-iii/ Wilde, A. de. (2018, August 30). ARC18: New Logic III (The Tube) Tilburg â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Habeon Architecten. Retrieved from https://www.dearchitect.nl/projecten/arc18-new-logic-iii-thetube-tilburg-habeon-architecten?vakmedianet-approvecookies=1&_ga=2.67591186.28960772.1570505105-860605777.1570505105

SONGDO SMART CITY

Lobo, R. (2014, January 21). Could Songdo be the world's smartest city? Retrieved from https://www.worldfinance.com/inward-investment/could-songdo-be-the-worlds-smartest-city Marchione, A. (2018, October 24). Songdo: South Korea's "Smart City". Retrieved from https://mcintl.com/songdo-south-koreas-smart-city/ South Korea Conceptualizes the Ultimate Smart City. (2018, February 26). Retrieved from https://newcities.org/cityquest-songdo-south-korea-conceptualized-ultimate-smart-sustainablecity/

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 11 SUNWAY CITY Sunway City. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sunwayproperty.com/malaysiaproperties/malaysia-property-detail/sunway-resort-city/id/190dd4f0-572b-688c-a7beff000068ef51/type/1. Sunway Group. (2019). Sunway Group Corporate Profile. [online] Retrieved from https://www.sunway.com.my/corporate-profile/ [Accessed 28 Oct. 2019].

TAASINGE SQUARE GHB Landskabsarkitekter. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ghblandskab.dk/en/projects/taasinge-square. Works - PublicSpace. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.publicspace.org/works//project/j075-refurbishment-of-tasinge-square. Taasinge Square - the first climate adapted urban space in Copenhagen. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://stateofgreen.com/en/partners/ghb-landscape-architects/solutions/taasinge-square/.

MINGHU WETLAND PARK Sรกnchez, D. (2015, January 21). Minghu Wetland Park / Turenscape. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/590066/minghu-wetland-park-turenscape. Mairs, J. (2019, September 12). Turenscape transforms a ditch into wetland park in China. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2015/01/11/turenscape-the-slow-down-liupanshuiminghu-wetland-park-meandering-causeways-landscape-architecture/.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 12 HANDMADE SCHOOL Saieh, N. (2010, March 4). Handmade School / Anna Heringer Eike Roswag. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/51664/handmade-school-anna-heringereike-roswag. Db, fiona. (2018, January 10). earth architecture: handmade school in bangladesh. Retrieved from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/earth-architecture-handmade-schoolbangladesh/. Handmade school in Bangladesh: Anna Heringer Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://archello.com/project/handmade-school-in-bangladesh.

BOTTLE SCHOOL About Bottle Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://servetheworldtoday.com/about-hug-it-forward-bottle-schools/. Hug It Forward Bottle Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://hugitforward.org/. Bottle Schools - Trash for Education. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2019, from http://sculptthefuturefoundation.org/portfolio/bottle-schools-trash-for-education/.

ETANIA SCHOOL Etania school. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://www.billionbricks.org/etaniaschool. Etania Green School â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Sustainable green school for stateless children. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2019, from http://architecturebrio.com/projects-item/etania-green-school/. Stevens, philip. (2018, December 17). architecture brio billionBricks build etania green school in malaysia. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/brio-billionbricks-etania-green-school-sabahmalaysia-12-12-2018/. Caballero, P. (2019, January 2). Etania Green School / billionBricks. Retrieved October 26, 2019, from https://www.archdaily.com/908710/etania-green-school-architecture-brio-plusbillionbricks?ad_medium=gallery.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 13 MENARA MESINIAGA Douglass-Jaimes, D. (2015, September 28). AD Classics: Menara Mesiniaga / T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/774098/ad-classics-menaramesiniaga-t-r-hamzah-and-yeang-sdn-bhd. Project. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/13/302/3418/menara_mesiniaga.html.

SPAULDING HOSPITAL

Wickersham, J. (2012, April 20). Spaulding Rehab puts climate change in concrete terms - The Boston Globe. Retrieved from https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/04/19/spaulding-rehab-puts-climate-changeconcrete-terms-preparing-for-great-flood/VIv8s4C42oWkFX0wFaVuiI/story.html

EDITH GREEN - WENDELL WYATT FEDERAL BUILDING Edith Green Wendell Wyatt Federal Building Modernization. (1970, May 1). Retrieved from https://www.aiatopten.org/node/354. Wickersham, J. (2012, April 20). Spaulding Rehab puts climate change in concrete terms - The Boston Globe. Retrieved from https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/04/19/spaulding-rehab-puts-climate-changeconcrete-terms-preparing-for-great-flood/VIv8s4C42oWkFX0wFaVuiI/story.html.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO ARCHITECTURE

Goal 15 PJ TRADE CENTER

IDEAS . (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tujuangemilang.com/.

ACROS FUKUOKA

ACROS Fukuoka Prefectural International Hall. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.greenroofs.com/projects/acros-fukuoka-prefectural-international-hall/.

PHIPPS CONSERVATORY

from

Groundbreaking Exhibit Staging Center Opens at Phipps Conservatory: Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens: Pittsburgh PA. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.phipps.conservatory.org/blog/detail/groundbreaking-exhibit-staging-centeropens-at-phipps-conservatory.

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Goal 17 PUTRAJAYA INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE (PICC)

Pang. (1969, December 31). Rendezvous at Putrajaya. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2007/10/25/rendezvous-atputrajaya. Ng, D. (2015, July 8). Theorizing Architecture : Putrajaya International Convention Centre. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/dexterys/picc-theorizing-architecture-finalized50305771. Putrajaya International Convention Centre (PICC) - An introduction. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.meetingmediagroup.com/article/putrajaya-internationalconvention-centre-picc-an-introduction.

ZEN (ZERO-ENERGY NANOTECHNOLOGY) BUILDING

Governor Cuomo Announces Japan's New Energy and Industrial Development Organization to Invest in Emerging Technologies at the SUNY CNSE 'Zero Energy Nano' Building. (2014, October 1). Retrieved from https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announcesjapans-new-energy-and-industrial-development-organization-invest. Solar Frontier Supplying Zero Energy Nano Building at SUNY Polytechnic Institute in Albany, New York. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://sunypoly.edu/news/solar-frontier-supplying-zero-energy-nanobuilding-suny-polytechnic-institute-albany-new-york.html.

HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION BUILDING

Health Sciences Education Building in Phoenix: CO Architects. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://archello.com/project/health-sciences-education-building-in-phoenix. With Smart Buildings, the Future Has Arrived - Construction Company & General Contractor. (2013, March 29). Retrieved from https://www.sundt.com/2013/03/29/with-smart-buildings-the-future-hasarrived/. Gallery of Health Sciences Education Building / CO Architects - 10. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-coarchitects/51802385b3fc4b38340000b5-health-sciences-education-building-co-architectsphoto. Saieh, N. (2013, May 1). Health Sciences Education Building / CO Architects. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/366892/health-sciences-education-building-coarchitects.

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