Abstract With onset of Digital era humans have created a different array of existence. The way in which humans perceived their social contacts, workability and culture has altered significantly. There are 5 senses through which we experience day to day life. The digital age had made us deficient of our archaic way to experience life. We are capable to connect with fellow humans and other entities but lack the touch and substance of physical presence has lead to lack of a wholesome connection between environment and the individual. This also affects the way architecture is shaped. We see architecture getting more and more shut off from the exteriors, separating people from elements, organizing the parameters of functions that affect how we live and feel. These interactions and experiences encountered in, on, under and around the architectural forms are often monotonous and ordinary. This has very well led being cause of “daily unease” of stress, fatigue, exhaustion till the point when one starts to only look at survival than living. This “daily unease” is not just in terms of measurable experiences (light, smell, touch, taste & sound etc.) but also in terms of immeasurable experiences (memory, unity, serenity, etc.). This enclosed environment has not just affected culture but human perceptions about living as well. Lack of social spaces, interactions, engaging in cumulative efforts with nature has lead humans in path of being self-centered and one with narrowed vision about life. Hence, also taping on the psychological health in bad terms. With the comforts that this era has offered, the shortcoming involve extreme social connectivity and immoderate stimulations; enough to create a chaotic scenario where focusing on single entity for long period has become a myth. Individuals try to fit in certain breaks in life such as listening to music, watching a movie or as simple as walking in a park to escape the notion unease. However, it buries the problem than solving providing a short term comfort. Humans have a complex mind and desire stimulatory and sensory experiences on various different levels which also involves selfintrospection. Yet the man-made environment currently has imbalance of space to unwind and space to moil. This thesis explores connection between human and the natural and manmade environment, its effects on psychology and solutions that could be intervened with current scenario to improve mental well-being of individuals across the globe;who desire to seek it. It also addresses existential intellegence within human mind, which just like wisdom growth is a never ending process and need consistent evolution; hence the name “ IN SEARCH OF DIVINE”. A place of hope and growth.
References Books: •
Shashi Caan,2011,”Rethinking Design and Interiors: Human Beings in the Built Environment”, London, United Kingdom, pg 87-98
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Mildred Reed Hall, 1975,”The Fourth Dimension in Architecture: The Impact of Building on Behavior”,Moline, Illinois, pg 18- 36
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Sir Banister Fletcher,1905,“A history of architecture on the comparative method”,London : Batsford, United Kingdom, pg 4-9
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Juhani Pallasmaa, 1996 ,“The eyes of the skin”, New York, United States
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Yuval Noah Harari,2016,”Sapiens : A Brief History of Humankind”, London, United Kingdom
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Anuradha Majumdar,2017, “Auroville: A City for the Future”,Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India
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IIT Kanpur, GSDMA, 2013, “Earthquake Resistant Architecture”, Uttar Pradesh, India
Research papers: •
Catherine Hodge McCoid ,2016,”Social and Cultural Development of Human Resources – Globalization and the Consumer Society”, Central Missouri State University, USA
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Jeffrey A. Hart,“Globalization and Digitalization” Indiana Universitv. Bioominpton,USA
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Patrick Beldio,“The Integral Yoga of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram: Gender, Spirituality and the Arts” , Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aishwarya Shahrawat, Renu Shahrawat,2017,“Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in a Historical Context: Case Studies of Four Prominent Figures”, Department of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi (South Campus), New Delhi, India
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Juhani Pallasmaa,2014, “Space, Place and Atmosphere,Emotion and Peripheral Perception in Architectural Experience”New York, United States
Proceeding papers: •
Ir. Gue See Sew, Ir.Tan Yean Chin,2000, “Hill- Site development- Planning,Design and Construction”, Penang,Malaysia.
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Ministry of Housing and Lands,2004,“Design For Sloping Sites”, Mauritius
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Disaster Mitigation and Management Centre,2000,“Technical Guidelines & Information for Stone Construction In Uttarakhand”, Dehradun,India
Journal papers: •
Karmayogi,The Mother’s Service Society, “Life and Teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother”, Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India
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S. K. Negi, H. K. Jain, Vandana Singh,2017 “Architecture of Uttarakhand and Construction Techniques for Affordable Housing”, Development Construction & Extension division, CSIR CBRI Roorkee, Uttarkhand, India
Primary Online sources: •
www.iitk.ac.in
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www.kbuttarakhand.blogspot.com
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www.globalwellnessinstitute.org
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www.archdaily.com
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www.ourworldindata.org
Content 1| Introduction Introduction Need for the Study Aim and Objective of the Study Scope and Limitations Research Questions Methodology Chapter Outline 2| The Backdrop
1 2 2 3 4 4 5 7 9
2.1 Understanding
10
2.1.1 Where We are Now? 2.1.2 India and its Urban Fabric 2.1.3 The Intangibles and Immeasurable
10
2.2 Inference
23
3| Multisensorial Architecture And Experience
15 22
24
3.1 Understanding
25
3.1.1 Humans and Nature 3.1.2 Evolution of Built Environment 3.1.3 Psychometrics
25 27
3.2 Literature review
32
3.2.1 The Eyes of the Skin | Juhani Pallasmaa
32
3.3 Inference
37
4| User Determination and Analysis
30
38
4.1 Understanding
39
4.1.1 User Study and Surveys 4.1.2 User Interviews
39
4.2 Inference
51
5| The Proposal
48
52
5.1 Understanding
53
5.1.1 Retreat? 5.1.2 Retreat and the Time Lapse 5.1.3 Types of Retreat
53 53 57
6| Philosophy
60
6.1 Literature review
61
6.1.1 Auroville: A City for the Future | Anuradha Majumdar 6.1.2 Life and Teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother | Karmayogi
61
7| Site/Context
67
74
7.1 Site Analysis
75
7.2 Site Inspirations
78
7.3 Documentations
79
7.4 Material Analysis
81
7.5 User Profile Analysis
82
8| Case Studies 8.1 Live case studies 8.1.1. Swan Yoga Retreat, Goa, India 8.1.2. Shreyas Yoga Retreat, Banglore, India 8.1.3. Matrimandir, Auroville, India 8.2 Literature review 8.2.1 Earthquake Resistant Architecture | IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh,GSDMA 8.2.2 Hill- Site development- Planning,Design and Construction | Ir. Gue See Sew, Ir.Tan Yean Chin 8.3 Conclusion 9| Final Design
83 84 84 90 95 98
98 104 108
109
9.1 Design Intent
110
9.2 Concept Note
111
9.3 Zoning of Areas
112
9.4 Planning with Concept
113
9.5 Area Segregation Chart
114
9.6 Final Design
115
10| Plagiarism report
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1. Introduction This project “ In Search of Divine: Designing Experiencial Architecture to Provoke Stimulatory, Expressive and Sensory Introspection” deal with designing Architectural intervention using multisensorial architecture to induce selfexploration. Any experience is experienced through three stages - first via stimulation by the subject which needs to be experienced, second via any living who perceves it through his 5 sense receptors and third stage deals with how it responds to those stimulation. All these three stages in a nutshell could be categorized as “Multisensorial experience”. These consistent back and forth experiences induces process introspection and in turn action in lines with it.
Exploration Stress, anxiety, depression have been common mental well-being issues faced by almost every human being in much more frequency than ever before. The impact of the multisensorial experience in terms of tangible and intangible aspects of living was noted. To dig deeper into it, various interviews, global charts and observations were analyzed in process. Issue was jotted down to derive an architectural intervention that could be have been a catalyst or a solution for improvement for the issue. It was observed that multisensoriality even though is a common sense for the design of environment we live in, it is being neglected due to various other factors of living leading to mental health crisis of the century. The issue jotted down was an intangible issue which might not be completely solved only via providing an architectural intervention. But, proposing an intervention that is focused on mental well-being, coupled with multisensorial architecture and various other interdiciplinary practices can become a catalyst to the solution of issue.
Design Through research spiritual retreat was an architectural intervention found to be apt for the mental health crisis issue. The site for a spiritual retreat center is an essential component which provides wholesome stimulation to senses and mind. Hence, most apt context through research was found to be at Ramgardh Talla, Naintal, Uttarakhand, India. The site lies close to city Delhi which is one of the the epicenter of stress in country and also provides a peaceful environment with a pleasant climate.The site lies in earthquake resistant zone under cold and wet climate. The proposal looks forward towards creating a spiritual retreat for people aross the globe hence the ideology that would be choosen for the activities performed over there has to cater to a globalized mindset and addressing communal intagible well-being of humans. After researching various ideologies Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy was seen to be the most apt for addressing well-being dilemmas we face in today’s time. Hence the entire activity and user moments are planned and designed based on same.
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Need for the Study •
We are living in times where many architectural structures we experienced on daily basis lack existancial depth. Hence, experience created are either monotonous or chaotic. Either way the impact is observed through deranged mental well being coupled with unhinged lifestyle.
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The lifestyle and culture that today’s times especially in urban setting with high stress levels and suicides simple measures could be taken to ensure well-being or creating environment in smaller pockets. However in practical and real time terms;each time accessing them in a compromised space it not a long term solution nor most of the times it does address the issue. The issue is harnessing wisdom of existance which runs much deeper and personal for every individual depends on various factors. Providing an environment (architecture) that can be the catalyst for the issue but not a wholesome solution as we are addressing intagible via tangible aspect. As an architect I can so far as help induce those senses and feeling required to achieve introspection and higher wisdom via architecture.
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Human mind is complicated so is how it processes introspection. Understanding lengths and breadths how these processes function and there connection with architecture is to be understood. Multisensorial architecture can help establish some connection and have much efficient impact on precise sense of experieneces I mean to stimulate.
Aim and Objective of the Study Aim: •
Designing experiencial architecture via multisensorial experience inducing selfintrospection.
Objectives: Concept: •
Understanding issues and in what ways it could be improved.
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Understanding need for introspection and ways to achieve it.
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Understanding need for spiritual retreat center and its requirements.
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Understanding multisensorial experiences and its relation to architecture.
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Understanding symbiotic relationship between “multisensoriality, architecture, nature, human and their psychometrics”.
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Understanding source and factors that impact today’s architecture in terms of relationship with nature and multisensoriality and how is it affecting mental well-being.
Design: •
Implimentation of research on architectural design intervention
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Understanding Sri Aurobindo’s teaching and creation of auroville and his followers.
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Understanding users of the retreat center.
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Understandig earthquake resistant architecture.
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Understanding traditional architecture of Uttarakhand and design strategies.
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Formulation of design program and its implimentation.
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Scope and Limitations Scope: •
Exploring concept introspection, its need, how can it be achieved and how it can improve mental well-being.
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Exploration of Multisensorial experience and its symbiotic relationship between architecture , nature, humans and their psychometry.
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Exploring factors and source affecting multisensorial experience and mental well-being.
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Exploring activities and spaces that could be provided.
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Exploring Sri Aurobindo’s teaching, creation of Auroville and how can it be implied in design.
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Exploring earthquake resistant architecture and designing on contours.
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Exploring traditional architecture of Uttarakhand and design starategies for a cold and temperate climatic region.
Limitation: •
Creating new philosphical thought of living.
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Conducting internation live case studies
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Adapting all exisiting philosophies and research concepts in design.
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Replicating traditional architecture design strategies in present condition.
Research Questions •
What causes deranged mental health? How to have long term mental well-being in today’s lifestyle?
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What is introspection? What are the factors that affect it and how can it help better mental well being?
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How can retreat help in betterment of mental well being?
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How does Multisensorial architecture affect mental well-being of an individual?
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What are Sri Aurobindo’s philosophies and teachings?What is Auroville and how was it created?
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What is earthquake resistant architecture and its strategies?
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How is traditional architecture os Uttarakhand constructed?
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What are the design strategies for cold and temperate climatic region?
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Methodology The methodology has been derived in 4 stages as follows:
First Stage: Understanding the Mental well- being and Multisensorial architecture Existing state of cities We are living in times of digitalization and population increase has brough about various pros and cons. As much as it has given comforts and advance humanity. The culture of humanity has been impacted and altered drastically due to it which indirectly affect place making and architecture. Experinces are introverted Comforts of living are provided at the doorsteps there is much need employment for jobs that are confined and enclosed within tall glass structures. With humans spending maximum time interiors engaged in confined to interiors jobs as such social and environmental interation is taking toll. Stress being the most common impact. The issue is no longer materialistic, its existential. Through research it has been proved that exterior experinces and nature play vital role in mind consitioning. Hence, creation of spaces that offer to deal with existentialism and effective expression of values for long term benefits is what is needed. Architecture can help create that by multisensorial focus in space making. Understanding introspection process and human mind Architecture that would be intervened via this research would ultimately created spaces and induce experiences for introspection. The research has dived deep into understanding the process of introspection as whole and how exterior environment also affects it. Multisensorial architecture A human experiences space via his 5 senses. Disproportionate stimulations can leads a human’s mental well-being into jeopardy. Hence understanding multisensoriality in the place making, desiging, and much sensitive towards human well-being and nature of the context has been looked into.
Second Stage: Data Collection and Analysis Understanding culture we follow for a base start is very important as it creates the very background and purpose of the intervention. Interviews, surveys are ways in which this data of understanding user response can be procured. Mental well-being in based on various factors and that would be explored in this segment. Occupation,age,gender,personal responsibilities,location of living and day to day routine a person follows becomes key factor for impact on mental health. Collection of data related to these factors give us an insight of scenerio of current time. Hence analysis of data has helped establish what kind of intervention is needed to counter the issue.
Third Stage: Deriving Proposal and Intervention After analysis of data collected a conclusion is derived. For which architectural intervention is proposed. There might be several derivations that could be made. While with comparing pros and cons for each can determine the most apt solution for the issue. Not every issues is such that it could be completely solved via architectural intervention however it could be a catalyst to do so. Spiritual retreat is what is derived from the research as best possible architectural intervention.
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Fourth Stage: Application and Design Programming After derivation of architectural intervention on basis of the data collection and analysis. Question of location, users its catering to, how will the intervention will function and be constructed are at question. The study of these question is derived through research of material location and user analysis. This is where the architectural design process starts. The process which I proceeded with goes as follows:
Fifth Stage: Application and Design Programming After derivation of architectural intervention on basis of the data collection and analysis. Question of location, users its catering to, how will the intervention will function and be constructed are at question. The study of these question is derived through research of material location and user analysis. This is where the architectural design process starts. The process which I proceeded with goes as follows:
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Chapter Outline 1| Introduction This chapter includes brief overview of what this research paper aims to do based on what needs and lengths of breadths of the study needed to propose the solution.To conclude the first chapter, we discuss the formulation and research methodology.
2| The Backdrop This chapter offers brief understanding about current status of human society. It attempts to understand all the tangible and intangible aspects affecting mental health and how is environment and surrunding play part in it as well. These issues are potrayed via graphs and charts understanding the idea from a global perspective narrowing it down to Indian context. It is basically data derivation for affected demographics, issue locations, needs of society which help create foundation for the proposal.
3| Multisensorial Architecture And Experience Through Chapter 2, we see issues redirecting towards mental well being and its direct relationship to environment and culture of society. Multisensoriality is a concept which includes study of human perceptions, psychology, ways of expression and finally creation of entities that respond to those stimulus required for human mind. This chapter disects about multisensoriality and its symbiotic relationship with architecture, humankind and nature. This chapter also includes an applicable literature review “The Eyes of the Skin” by Juhani Pallasmaa who has briefly defined concept of multisensorial architecture and its application,percevance and relationship with architecture, humankind and nature.
4| User Determination and Analysis Chapter 2, based on data, provides an overall idea about the user base and their needs and surveys were carried out to determine user profiles, activities, facilities in the project and determining what an architecture intervention needs to offer for them.
5| The Proposal Chapter 2,3,4 roughly presents us with the core idea of what the project is going to be about, this chapter dives deep into different types of the proposal and how can it be designed to suit the need for the survey people.
6| Philosophy The final derivative of the research was narrowed down to a spiritual retreat. Spiritual retreat needed a school of though on which the architecture style, Context and activities in the facility would be based. Considering today’s modern and liberal school of thought most apt philosophy that deals with needs for today was Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy. After studying various different philosophy this philosophy striked the most apt because it spreads the word of unifications and does not constraits but in turn provides pathway to utilize the desires for welfare of society. Sri aurobindo has many supporters in India and all over the world.
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This chapter cover developement of Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy, his past, City Auroville (which is based on his philosophy) and how devotees would be able to adapt the new learnings in better terms in facility designed.
7| Site/Context Since the project focused on multisensorial architecture. A very important aspect is to select an optimal site with ample of positive stimuli which encourages mental wellness. The site selected is situated in Ramgarh, Nainital,Uattarakhand. The site hold special significance to Sri Aurobindo and also offers all possible quality of space needed to create a serene spiritual retreat. This chapter covers all the site aspects needed for designing process of the architectural intervention.
8|Case Studies To get clearer understanding for area program, user movement and area perception. Case studies are done. Design, lighting, area segregation, user movement, space interaction, sustainability and material usage were weighed while studying these examples. Site lies in a contoured earthquake zone hence literature review includes methologies to make structural design earthquake resistant on contoured site.
9| Final Design This chapter includes “9.1.1 Design Intent” of the project which describes what is the retreat suppose to be in a nutshell. Conceptual undertstanding, its translations to built form considering all the research done through chapter 2 to 8 is graphically put up. These strategic processes include “9.1.2 Concept Note” “9.1.3 Zoning of areas” “9.1.4 Planning with concept” . “9.1.5 Area segregation chart” is analysis of every spacial quality with regards to multisensorial factors such as light intensity, view, nature and capacity. “9.1.6 Final design” includes final planning, zoning, design details, construction details, calculations required to build a spiritual retreat.
10| Plagiarism report Includes Plagiarism report.
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㈀ 吀䠀䔀 䈀䄀䌀䬀䐀刀伀倀
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2.1 Understanding 2.1.1 Where we are Now? 21stCentury has been dealing with major stress crisis which is leading to suicides. Approximately 0.5% to 1.4% of people die by suicide, a mortality rate of 11.6 per 100,000 persons per year. Rates of suicide have increased by 60% from the 1960s to 2012, with these increases seen primarily in the developing world.Globally, as of 2008/2009, suicide is the tenth leading cause of death. For every suicide that results in death there are between 10 and 40 attempted suicides. Suicde rate per 100,000, 2018
Suicide have various causes and implication which are interwined between lives of individual issues. Broadly classfying stress are of two types : Maganeable stress and Unmanageable stress. Manageable stress is a condition in which symptons such as anxiety, depression are common. When unattended manageable stress can be unmanageable. Unmanageable stess is a stage at which psychotic symptoms and suicidal thoughts are experienced. Unmanageabe stress is experienced by appox. 11% of Indian population out of which on 2% commit suicide.Unmanagebale stress requires rigourous measures and proper psychiatric care. This thesis is only looking into mental well-being rather than mental health cures. Manageable stress being experinced by almost 88% of Indian population on daily basis, will be taken under consideration while designing an architectural intervention.
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As discussed earlier, suicide have various causes. some of the major causes included: •
Economical background
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Age
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Gender
If economic conditions are taken under consideration, it could be seen that lower income groups count to almost 75% of total suicides which higher income groups just 25%. To understand why is this the case, reasons behind these suicides are to be understood. After looking at data of causes of suicides it could be seen that most suicides in lower income groups are caused due to economic issues and unknown circumstances. Smaller chunck of causes are due to unattended mental well-being. On other hand Higher income group suicides are mainly caused due to psychological factors than economical factors. This makes it obvious that a psychological help is much needed for higher income groups than lower income. Lower income group need economical assistance which may not be an apt basis to impliment an architectural intervention. If age groups are taken under consideration, elders over 70 years commit of 39% of totally suicides in Indian poluation. Population commiting suicides under 70 years and age group under 50 years are almost equally divided. Hence it could be noted that population above 50 years are the vulnerable one. The architectural intervention hence may need to focus on adults above 15 years and expect more of population above 50 years. If gender groups (broadly taking male and female) are taken under consideration, according to researchers females are burdned with more chores and exploitation as compared to men hence are more likely to attempt to commit suicides. However, men are more likely to commit suicides successfully. Overall suicide as an issue is not gender biased and affects both genders almost eqaully. Hence, the user profiles are most likely to be that of higher income group seeking mental well-being aged above 15.
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Understanding environment we live in for a base start is very important as it creates the very background of the intervention.There are various factors that affect how an environment is shaped. An environment can be disected into culture, economical, political,religion and user experinences (mental wellness).One after other these factors would be established to create a foundation to understand the multisensorial experiential architecture. For current 21st century globalization and digitalization has become one of the key driving force of the society we live in. It is impactful enough to shape architecture of today as well. Even though concepts of digitalization and globalization are distinct they are very much codependant on each other. Hence understanding the lengths and breadth of major driving force of humanity and its architecture is essential.
Digitalization “Digitalization is the integration of digital technologies into everyday life by the digitization of everything that can be digitized.” This defination gives an idea of technology dependant world.Technology has both pros and cons. It has ability to mould human life giving new perspective to do usual banale things differently. It is better faster and efficient at much affordable rate. Pros •
Better decision-making and encourages innovation.
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Improves efficiency and productivity.
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Makes communication and teamwork easier over wider geographical area.
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Improves working conditions.
Cons •
Technology replacing human mind.
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Increasing unemployment.
Globalization Globalization describes how different world cultures, populations, and economies are interdependent from each other. It is a consequence of cross-border business.Nations have established worldwide integration over many centuries by enabling economic, political, and social partnerships.Today the same endeavor has improved due to innovations and intensified transportation. Pros •
Cross-Culture collaboration
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Economical Hierarchy Gap Reduction
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Advanced technology
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Human Advancement
Cons •
Job Insecurity
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Displacements of Workerforce
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Unemployment
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Lack of quality lifestyle
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Abandonment of Culture
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Digitalization and Globalization The research paper “Globalization and Digitalization”by Jeffrey Hart argues globalization is linked with digitalization. It states Globalization is ‘the increasing integration of input, factor and final product markets coupled with the increasing salience of multinational enterprises, cross-national value-chain networks’(Globalization and Digitalization, page 1). Digitalization is the ‘integration of digital technology into everyday life’. Both have been increasing in recent decades and so it is natural to argue that there may be a causal connection. It also touches the topic Cultural Globalization and Digital Technology. Another area of globalization, cultural globalization, has been strongly affected by the spread of digital technologies. Because of the development of digital technologies, more and more cultural artifacts are being produced, stored and delivered digitally. The increased speed of digital devices and innovations in computer networks and digital compression technologies make it both easier and less expensive to deliver words, music, cultural artifacts, movies from different countries around the world. Hence,21st century could be termed the most globalized century throughout history due to invention of technology. Hence the circle of impact on a individual in not just confined to his/her neighborhood, city or country but rather the entire global society as a whole, directly or indirectly.Understanding global status and outlook of global society with relation to local scenario could make understanding of individual issues better. Positive and negative impacts of Globalization hence could weigh in the process of this understanding.
Impact of Globalization and Digitalization on Architecture Architects can work outside their own culture and region thanks to globalization. Globalization has also provided with freedom to design. However globalization is not new. Since late 19th century changes in economics,politics and technology has dramatically accelarated and expanded globalization. Globalization coupled with digitalization and technology has given architects power to design complex structures from one side of world to other. In 1984, Ar. Kenneth Frampton published essay “critical regionalism”. Frampton was concerned that architects were proposing no longer new social community based models instead large rel estate developemnts such as designing new skyscrapers, shopping malls which could be incorporated anywhere.He called for “architectural resistance”.This was to resist placelessness and univeral tendency of modernism. The perspective was not to create preindustrial forms and structural ornamentation but rather to develop modernism rooted in regional understanding of ecology, culture materials and techniques. Frampton also pinpointed the issue of homogenity in appearance where different countries of different culture and climate start to look same. This change as not been concieved because of what the environment need but rather how it is suppose to look. Hence best way to tackel this lies not in visuals or history but in idea of sustainability.
Rise in population Rise in population has lead to heavy impact on architecture. Lack of space and surge of human density at urban areas has led to unplanning built structural growth, lack of social spaces with disassociated interaction with nature. Interior designing has been hence more concentrated upon than exterior experiences as the exterior experiences are influced with pollution, unintriguing exterior spaces leading to individuals spending maximum time inside concrete boxes.
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Below pictures depicts picture of cityscapes of different city from different countries having distinct cultures and yet having similar architectural resposes.
New york, USA
Istanbul, Turkey
Mumbai,India
Melbourne, Australia
The cityscapes seems to have completely changed the naturalscape which the location offered and instead moulded it into an establishment that was general and globalized. Hence each of these city looks like copies of each other the difference only being the context. Yet this change could only have been possible due to technological advancement and digitalization. Impact on climate is one of the key emerging issue due to this establishment. Even though such vertical glass facade concrete boxes do provide space for more in lesser plan area.
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2.1.2 India and its Urban Fabric Considering a country like India with a second largest population in world of 1.37 billion according to 2019 polls and predicted to grow even larger. Huge chuck of this population resides at metropolitian cities with village population exponentially resceding. Urban area could be categorized as human settlement with higher demographic density and created through hamlets. It’s a engineered infrastructure. Rural area on the other hand is a human settlement with lesser demographic density with agriculture and subordinate occupation as its common practice. It a area with ample natural resources but lacks infrastructure and processed resources.
Share of the population living in urban areas (projected to 2050)
Share of Urban population
Urban and Rural population projected to 2050, India
Urban and rural population
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Urban area could be categorized as human settlement with higher demographic density and created through hamlets. And urban fabric could be defined as a engineered infrastructure. Rural area on the other hand is a human settlement with lesser demographic density with agriculture predominant occupation. It a area with ample natural resources but lacks infrastructure and processed resources.
Population Density by city, 2018
Population density by city
Capital City population,2018
Capital city Population
Above pictures depicts surge of population from rural areas to urban cities. This has extreme population concentration in cities causing vertical growth of buildings. The scope of living hence is getting limited to survival. Extrenal experiences meant for better mental health are cut down.
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Through below pictures experiencial spaces through alleyways englufed with services and various other adjustments could be seen. These spaces are utilized by people on daily basis.
Collateral open spaces between high rise buildings of Mumbai
Facades facing main roads are polished and refined yet the walk to spaces through these talls buildigs are ingulfed with various other factors to make the structure livable. Connection between individuals and nature seems completly broken. Buildings are seen merely boxes of caged human survival. Spaces are created small to stuff more individuals in, lack of balconies and social spaces hence are reduced.
Urban extreior spaces of Mumbai
Urban interior spaces of Mumbai
Interior spaces in contrast to exteriors are much refined and more concentrated upon however cut off from exterior experiences. Interiors are artificially lit,ventilated and experiences are engineered.
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Contrast to urban spaces with high human density, spaces with less human density seems much englufed with nature where social,environmental and economical sustainablity is seen.
Areas with low human density
Below picture shows inculcation of exterior nature within interior. This creates a sense of seemless transition observed between interiors and exteriors. Material,light,texture, sound and smell all relates to the esssence of multisensoriality.
Traditional interiors
Psychological impacts From comparative data analysis of different countries in terms of ‘Happiness and Life satisfaction’, a intangible parameter of overall psychological issues is established for a country as a whole. India’s urban fabric lacks proportional open spaces and its densely packed with population. Consistent rise in population getting migrated to urban area each year surpassing once rural populated country. There are various reasons leading to this shift and job opportunities being key ingredient of it. The charts achieved from various sources and site “Our World in Data” related factor of happiness, life satisfaction are key datas to analyse mental well-being issues globals and that of India related to it considering its culture and fabric in which it survives.
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Although there are various factors which affect happiness and life satisfaction of a person. One of the factors could also be excess work hours. According to it could be clearly seen that India has one of the highest working hours. This could be a major cause of stress and explain lowers happiness statistics of India.
Self-reported Life Satisfaction, 2018
Self reported Life satisfaction
Annual working hours per person engaged, 2018
Annual working hours per person engaged
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Excess work hours leads us to fact that individuals spend a huge chuck of their time interior of the buildings. This explain why exteriors collaboration with interiors take back seat while place making and designing. According to the research by University of Melbourne it was proved that having interior office spaces closed off and away from nature decreases productivity and increases the stress level.
Productivity vs Annual hours worked, 2018
Productivity vs Annual hours worked
Stress statistics, India 2018 (Major sources of stress)
Stress statistics India
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Stress across geographical areas, India 2017 (% reporting significant of mental stress)
Rural vs Urban stress impact
According to above statistics it is clear that urban areas are suffering through twice the stress than rural areas in India. Which depicts that people from urban areas are to need services to deal with mental well being more often than that of rural areas.
Urban Areas disproportionate open spaces Dense concrete jungle
Lower productivity and higher stress level
Rural Areas
Creation of monotonous architecture fabric with artifical experiences
Neither urban nor a rural fabric seems to contribute to satisfy mental well being and self exploration of the urban residents
Ample open spaces
Fragmented fabric
Creation of contextual architecture fabric with natural experiences
Lack of interaction with like minded individuals with a common goal to lower stress
Much roboust creation with greater productivity could be achieve when the community is working towards achieveing same goal. Hence there is need of space that is dedicated towards mental and physical well being
Stress Impacts
Inference The segment “2.1 Where we are Now� includes charts and data which dervives the understanding of humanity from macro (global scale) to micro scale (India and its cities).Mental well-being issues are seen to spike more in urban areas with higher stress levels. Even though various components contribute it, architecture of the space create an environment to densify these issues. The creating a service that could be away from urban hoch poch to relieve stress, anxiety, etc.
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2.1.3 The Intangibles and Immeasurables Humans have manipulated according to their own needs everything that this earth has offered. We have learned from our experiences through our senses how the world works in cycles, loops, and a give-and-take relationship of the beings on this earth. Our perception and existance is constantly defined by symbiotic relationship we have with our own body and environment we live in.Today the build setting is usually monotonous, sterile, oppressive, obsolete and even scary. The dark, cold alleyways between massive multi-story buildings or drop ceilings and offices of cubicles condemn the human spirit and crime, pain and suffering emerge. We tend to still inhabit and style passionless and unexpressive design that breaks down our minds and blurs our connection with self, one another and also the natural setting of which we are part of. Many structures we design lack of expertise and character usually controlled by economic restraints and small stress of the human life quality . Designers and house owners feel for to squeeze every area unit of house neglecting to assure the conditions for the individuals operating, living or otherwise occupying the structure with a supply of positive and healthy setting wherever people will feel affiliation, happiness and purpose. Its a responsibilty of designers, to perceive relationship between a individual emotions.
places and
“Physical places that set the mind relaxed will contribute to well-being, and people that hassle the emotions would possibly foster malady. “ - Benjamin Sternberg By developing a positive, snug and healthy area, designers will begin to supplement the designed setting ,with places designed for the individuals with multisensorial experiences. Design is a vice verse exchange between a user and build environment which is sually not followed but could be applied via multisensorial experineces. Reconnecting individuals with the setting, giving them the chance, direction and focus to discover introspect their place within the universe, and permitting them to live a fuller life from the instant.
Nature makes happier living
Nature improves physical health
Nature reduced stress anxiety and depression
Nature increases productivity
Nature makes a human more active
Nature and mental health
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2.2 Inference The architectural intervention involves understanding multisensoriality and its symbiotic relationship between architecture,humankind and nature. There are several tangible intangible factor impacting this paradigm. •
The chapter start with describing the current status of humanity on global scale and what are the more influencial factors for its thriving. Segment “Where are we now” encompasses pros and cons of the current scenerio and what is it leading to.
•
The later segment “India and its Urban Fabric” with continuation of segement “Where are We Now” dervives the understanding of humanity from macro (global scale) to micro scale (India and its cities). Impacts of culture and technology are also mention from macro to micro scale.Doing this majorly gives idea about impact of current culture and technology on our living and how is multisensoriality in architecture undermined, causing mental health crisis.
•
The chapter focuses on data collection which gives us rough idea about user profiles, location,issues and solution to target to derive an architectural intervention apt for the issue.
•
As the proposal predominently deal with mental health issues. Understanding the psychometrics of humans becomes the priority. To strengthen the research, the chapter also includes literature review of book “Sapiens: A brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari”
•
The book describes evoltion of humankind and how did industrialization changed the culture bringing up to what we are now. It describes impact of globalization and digitalization on our society and even the psychological impacts which is our primary cooncern.
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㌀ 䴀唀䰀吀䤀匀䔀一匀伀刀䤀䄀䰀 䄀刀䌀䠀䤀吀䔀䌀吀唀刀䔀 䄀一䐀 䔀堀倀䔀刀䤀䔀一䌀䔀
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3.1 Understanding 3.1.1 Human and Nature In the past, humankind’s survival trusted living, feeling, utilizing the natural environment. We tend to rely on plants for our drugs, navige distances through following stars and ate solely what we wanted to survive. With today’s technological advances, we have got the power to supply, pack, transport and distribute merchandise round the world. We exploit the possiblities of what nature can offer, creating and using more than what we need. Creating has become the work of machines, the human task of looking, gathering, growing, collecting, and hand producing all of the products we needed to survive has lang syne passed in several cultures and also here in India. We however through this generation have cut our direct association to the nature by living “in” nature, we’ve abandoned this bond with the nature that we tend to work through past. This is separating ourselves from: the warmth, the cold, the rain, and the nature itself.
Every context poses completely different challenges for the indweller and every season among that climate varies consequently. These distinctive site conditions need the designer to extract data from the context so as to integrate construction techniques and performance. We modify the area around us first to satisfy our basic wants. All of the areas we tend to produce are a response to the natural context in this place. People also play a part, a differentiation of cultures and religions become key factor in creating architecture meant for that context specific for those native to the land. For thousands of years, folks have designed a brand new conetxt to occupy, additional separating the interaction between the natural environments and our new found artificial one. Humans build refined buildings: mechanized, energized and refined interiors that always disagree greatly from what we discover outside. Design has been exploited and thrown off nature, a bubble from that we are able to barely see out. This project tries to assimilate the inside with the natural setting by evoking positive thoughts, feelings, and emotions, by stimulating the brain and activating the senses. The users, where can mix social interaction, personal growth, community perform and environmental association to higher take care of themselves and therefore the folks around them.
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Before Technological Advancement
After Technological Advancement
Design
Context
today designs are derived based requirements and how it should look like. Ventilation,light and other systems are artificially managed hence an insensitive contextual response is derived
designs were derived based on local requirements local needs and context was kept intact through process
Design
Context
Architectural impact
The designed intervention doesn’t have to be compelled to sever ties to the natural environment, the chance to reconnect folks with the moments in nature that are distinctive thereto moment in this place, where that will be is inspiring. This thesis can facilitate a space for people to worry for well being of themselves and on around them via multisnsorial experience and realization of truth and power of nature. By extrapolating strains of knowledge from scientific discipline, neurobiology, sociology, biology, ecology, and social science, the summation is palpable, an area that performs functions we tend to neglect before think doable. This design in nature would play an exciting role in dynamic people’s perspective of area and up to health and well-being for not solely the body but additionally the mind as well.
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3.1.2 Built environment evolution Attempting to outline the origin of the interiors of the designed intervention, examination of the social science, history of the humankind,the methods of living should be studied. In book ‘Rethinking design and interiors: Human being in the built environment’ by Satish Caan, the design solely evolved from finding applicable solutions to issues, by connecting our deep innate nature to make, through imagination, and suggest that of human betterment. According to Caan, the presence of design dates back to cave dwellings, a realization of a desire for shelter within the mobile search age of human evolution. This is the first interior space evolved for safety and security, permitting protection from damage and freedom, from anxiety and doubt. Several different functions came from shelter, the settlement and happiness that came with returning to a relentless location allowed folks to assemble and collect materials, hunt and store food throughout the year permitting humans to flourish. all of these events gave rise to tools, art, agriculture, and eventually machines, physical science and therefore the world network we’ve these days. The reduction of design to the primitive example of the cave permits the popularity of the essential desires of design allows us to clearly establish the importance of design and the way to proceed through the future. Edward T. Hall in his book ‘Fourth dimension in architecture:Impact of building on behaviour’ describes his four divisions of spaces among humans: the first is intimate space, second is that the personal, third is that the social and therefore the fourth is the public.These divisions of people’s perception of their interactions with others, governs how we tend to move through space, move with different people and as teams.
Intimate Space
Personal Space
Social Space
Public Space
Four dimension of spaces
This facilitates the basis for our evolution of space.As time progressed we tend to discovered a lot of ways to organize ourselves and spaces we live in so as to perform better as a private and a collective architecture. Through trials and errors over centuries,we have discovered that these days we are able to barely survive only with aid of shelter.There are lots of economical,political,cultural aspects which govern it. This leads to need of understanding individuals and how they percieve spaces. Caan’s in-depth understanding of individuals, who they are and how do they survive, gave her the flexibility to form design aroused for the matter, By at the same time planning for the body and therefore the mind. She elaborate to say: “In order to realize environments that meet the full spectrum of our needs, the design profession must first develop a scientific understanding of the human mind and environmental aesthetics” “Design must find balance between the issues that technology and modern society have created while honoring primal desires, between the external world and the inner self, and between function and beauty. Good design is the result of a process that emerges from inside us and gives shape to what is around us” - Ar. Shashi Caan
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Caan insights into the boundaries of space and the way it’s formed the designed intervention are opposite of what an individual could assume i.e planning from the interiors to exteriors, revolving around the dweller (individuals who use the space daily) and not the pedestrian (individual who do not use the space but only see exteriors). This sheds new light on how we percieve architecture. The origin of design tells us its pedant purpose, the core price of the designed intervention. And although easy initially there was beauty within the pure practicality of making space. By reviewing the link between individuals and space it creates the inspiration for designers to maneuver forward with making a brand new designed context. This required to create a additional connected, natural, healthy context that individuals will live, work, sleep, laugh and play. According to norwegian architect Norgberg Schlutz, an individual responds to a space in completely different terms depending on situation. Example automobile experienced by someone driving along the street would vary to someone walking or on a motorbike, as well as for someone in a completely different automobile. Regardless that mode of travel is employed or the individual perceiving structure, the physical structure is “constant” around people who perceive it. Though structures are considered to be “constant” the areas we inhabit are perpetually dynamical, in light, temperature, pressure, sounds, etc. We primararily percieve through our body through our senses and our mind and analyze the space with past experiences, memories, emotions which fills the gaps of what we dont understand to predict the cause, effect, and potential way of any space. With an understanding of how humans understand space on a social level and the way humans interacting with one another defines the interiors of the design. By defining areas for various levels of interaction there’ll be the potential for individual experiences and process layers of comfort , specific areas for an individual.
How a person sees a design How a person experieneces a design
There is a difference between how a person sees a design and who he feels a design. An intervention which might be an eye candy to the outside viewer might be a discomfort for a user. Hence creating a space that balances both giving human comfort and the user first priority
Architectural percevance
The first shelter, cave eventually became moveable and buildable in many alternative shapes styles and arrangements counting on cultural, social and climate driven style. According to the Air Banister Fletcher in his book ‘A history of Architecture’ quotes “The distinctive drawn between a mere building and a work of architecture is now orthodox. But in rejecting early forms of shelter, whether building, hut, or cave this view overlooks the fact that the design originated before the advent of building or art in architecture. Art and utility were one. The cave was painted before it was “rebuilt” and filled with the tools and objects that supported living”
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By introducing art to the cave, humans began to switch and dynamic of the place where they resided. Whether their motive was to mark territory, convey messages, or simply for adornment, the cave dwelling house was an oversized step within the development of shelter as we all know it today. Caan was notably curious about the speech communication of art and aesthetics, particularly throughout early cave dwelling house. Caan describes “a want for physical management and sensory delight to exist simultaneously; one is important for the expression of the opposite. the necessity for individualization, expression, expertise and art in style is crucial to a triple-crown space; one that evokes thought, feeling and feeling. because the engineered setting develops with space, art and performance we are able to examine the elemental problems that it address and extract the initial purpose of style.” - Ar. Shashi Caan This relationship between senses and architecture is intriguing. By incorporating personal expression, sensation and experience the individual moulds the dwelling into one thing additioning something personal, and connecting it into way they need basically personalizing it. Several primitive institutions were organized round the hearth. The fire became the middle of the engineered context, then radiated outward. These early typologies tried to resolve the dark, cold, wet and drafty cave and supply protection from the weather move into the flat lands wherever agriculture and looking was additional need. The division of area inside the dwelling house, began within the cave, with proof of the primary separations of areas with rooms being for sleeping, preparation and storage. This precedent of space was transplanted from the bedrock institution to the new typologies of buildings. Caan thought “Design springs from the expertise of area. continued to look at designed environments we have a tendency to inhabit within the terms of style and form alone, almost devoid of human occupation (as depicted in so much contemporary photography) narrows the understanding of design.” - Ar. Shashi Caan Later civilizations engineered to alter the built space and push the paradigm of making areas on the far side four walls to form associate degree design that invigorates all senses and evokes the expertise and interaction with the house, materials and other people within the space. This type of wealthy interactivity would not solely stimulate senses and arouse awareness however may conjointly completely have an effect on the mental, physical and emotional health,light, heat, smell, sound, material, proximity, occupancy and luxury. selecting mixtures of those components (among others) to form an internal or exterior setting indicative of the employment for that house. Early humans began to style for operate and separating house from the environment to decision their own. Later civilizations engineered on this power to alter the built setting and push the paradigm of making areas on the far side four walls to form associate degree design that invigorates all senses and evokes the expertise and interaction with the house, materials and other people within the space. This type of wealthy interactivity would not solely stimulate senses and arouse awareness however may conjointly completely have an effect on the mental, physical and emotional health,light, heat, smell, sound, material, proximity, occupancy and luxury. selecting mixtures of those components (among others) to form an internal or exterior setting indicative of the employment for that house. All communities are totally different and every one styles have unnumberable factors that influence them, however if one is able to think about how somebody’s scale we can affect our designs, we are able to begin to visualize however the user goes to inhabit the space, and what is he going to desire to be a interloper in a very new place. Every indiviual would like to fuel his needs for style by getting a comprehensive understanding not solely the physical systems and networks at intervals but the site through the social and community influences similarly.
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3.1.3 Psychology and Psychometrics Humans understand, produce and organize the structures they utilize which is a comprehension of what humans think about the space. Everybody contains a completely different mental process, a capability for process thoughts, feeling and skill otherwise. Designing for human mental reception is tough, particularly in an exceedingly world of rules, politics and discrimination, the notion of a singular universal style looks unrealizable “merely to exist is not human nature. Yet how the environments we create shape who we become is not fully comprehended in design. We need deeper research in order to understand our aspirations for improvement. Only then can we design for enhanced states of the human condition, states that happen at the delicate intersection of the psychological, sociological and physiological” - Ar. Shashi Caan Caan describes developing the intersection between the comprehension of those design attributes and also the realizations they manufacture incorporating all levels of spatial and acutely aware interaction between human and environment. Edward T. Hall unravels the relationships of individuals, their senses and their proxemics, describing how well the human act and feel in their environment. social science may be a term that he coined to explain the reticulated observations and theories of man’s use of house as a specialised elaboration of culture. His discussion begins describing animal behavior and the way totally different species organize themselves in shut proximity to at least one another socially furthermore as territorially. By discovering the evolution of these social, cultural and physical organizations designers will implement changes within the built atmosphere to accommodate a distinct quite existing at intervals the environment. Abraham Maslow, a widely known scientist on specializing in the motivation of man & biological process psychology, developed a hierarchy of human desires starting from the basic levels at the bottom of the pyramid to the necessity for self-actualization at the highest. Selfactualization, is the motive to understand one’s full potential; expressing one’s creativeness, look for enlightenment, pursuit of information and want to relinquish to society in addition to heedfulness and also the realization of one’s self and fellow mates. Realization of one’s self, then the environment the individual habits is what creates a holistic, non judgemental approch to life.
Selfactualization: Self worth Aesthetic needs: Beauty Cognitive needs: Knowledge Esteem needs:
Respect
Love and belongings: Acceptance Safety needs: Security Physiological needs: Food,Clothing,shelter
Moslow’s Heirarchy of needs
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Our understanding of basic natural instincts are as follows –an instinct will be described in series of fixed-action patterns without much distinct variation and therefore the actions are carried out in response to a clearly outlined stimulation. Like no different beings on this planet, humans have the flexibility to memorize, learn from past, mentally appraise, and predict various futures, giving the flexibility to consciously create selections and overcome our natural instinctual urges and make rational decisions that prove a lot of beneficial toward our seek for self-actualization. Humans evolved: thought, decision making, prediction, downside determination, logic and reason. Our ability to create, to modify our abstract territory (place we reside in) for the people and therefore the teams among our social structure, has given form to all scales of style within the present. The space creation differs between completely different cultures and locations across the world, regardless of the fashion or objective of our arrangement of areas, through our sensory expertise of our native setting, these primal natural instincts subconsciously are realised or unnoticed betting on conditions the individual faces. Different factors that contribute to the ways that we tend to carve out our designed environments which define our personal and social activities. Human survive in a heirarchy system culturally which also gets reflected in spaces that they design. Even though creation of heirarchy may be differentiating the humankind however its how paradigm of their survival works. Developing a hierarchy in system helps make a social network of areas so as to remain in touch with one another, contribute to society and develop relationships of happiness. The deciding factors of social spaces do not seem to be outlined by a physical disconnection from the cluster such has - losing sight, sound or smell of the cluster, however is quite a psychological distance, one at that the animal apparently begins to feel anxious once he or she exceeds the bounds of this social bubble. The world of technology is aiding within the visual affiliation of people to the group across nice distances, however the opposite sensory perceptions of the interactions with that person or persons is diminished or vacant altogether. Humans try for contact, for experience, respect and belonging; Maslow’s pyramid of human desires outlines the development of our complicated hierarchy of desires on a personal and social level. In order to with success organize area that has the vessel for the expertise, discovery and growth of kinsmen, endeavour to achieve a deeper affiliation to their setting, community, and self, designers should perceive what’s at the highest of the list of desires.
If we will modify the materials of society, the framework for style and also the paradigm for building by developing design with the ability to inspire the user and evoke a positive expertise, memory and sense of well-being so as to produce style solutions to satisfy human wants we have a tendency to should 1st outline the experiences and qualities that represent essential parameters. Cann frames the inside as “we acknowledge as not solely a zone physical interaction however additionally one amongst psychological and emotional effects.” - Ar. Shashi Caan The intentional intervention devised for people associated, typically defaults to the tangible aspects of space: ergonomics, temperature, light, sound, etc. The challenge becomes evolving design to satisfy yearnings for the intangibles of life: dignity, trust, peace of mind, harmony and far more.
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3.2 Literature Review 3.2.1 The Eyes Of The Skin | Juhani Pallasmaa In current culture of technology and consumer culture, the architectural practice is only perceived in paradigm of visual realm. However, in terms of depth of subject in turn sense architecture is more deep rooted than just “visual appeal”. Same as how we experience every object through permutation and combination of five senses (touch,smell,taste,visual,sound),a special quality is also determined via same process. “The suppression of the other sensory realms has led to impoverishment of our environment, causing feeling of detachment of alienation” - Steve Holl. The book “The eyes of the skin” is a classic of architecture theory is a metaphor for perception of the living that explores the relationship between experience and architecture through five senses.
Juhani Pallasmaa Juhani Pallasmaa is Finnish architect and one of the most distinguished architectural theorists. In this book he explores essentially multi-sensory and simultaneous, and a complex entity is usually grasped as an atmosphere, ambience or feeling. Each and every sense is extensively explained in terms of architecture. “Vision correlated to fire and light, hearing to air, smell to vapor, taste to water and touch to earth.”
Part I
Part I Vision and knowledge (Page - 5) Vision is looked upon as the noblest and foremost sense to explore journey of experience for most individuals. A virtue of exploring a certain entity is very much dependent of the light and shadow casted on it. A light through ancient philosopher is termed to be ‘knowledge, intellect becomes analogous with clear vision’. It always related with intellect truth and hope. In hierarchy of sensorial strengths vision is highest, down to touch.
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Until recently, architecture has primarily been seen as a visual art form experienced and judged by vision. However, vision has a role in relation to other senses in understanding and practice of architecture. Architecture is consistent exploration between exterior and interior, time and duration, life and death. Hence architecture is referred as instrument of connection between humankind, environment. The increase weight of role of architecture has limited to stimulation in only sense of vision. This has caused inhumanity in perseverance of contemporary architecture and imbalance in our sensory system. Dominance of eye over other senses has push humans towards isolation and detachment. Ocular centrism criticism (Page - 6) Even though vision being termed as noblest of all senses has flaws and possibility of errors. Touch on other hand is ‘more certain and less vulnerable’. Sartre a French writer portrayed ocularphobia. In his view ‘space has taken over time in human consciousness as a consequence of ocular centrism’. Many other such have expressed inability of vision being capable of being a sole catalyst of experience and cannot be a measure without other senses involved. Narcissism and Nihilism (Page - 7) The human ideology of self-expression is expressed in terms of architecture which is quoted to be Narcissistic view. Whereas Nihilistic eye advances sensory, mental detachment and alienation on purpose. Nihilism attempts to reconstruct cultural order making collective significance impossible. Nihilistic notion of space in true sense is not achievable since sense of unavoidable nearness, intimacy and identification of touch creates a notion which isn’t that oh nihilism. Structural entities if created in such a way that it disassociated with emotions could create a space inducing nihilism. ‘The cancerous spread of superficial architectural imagery today, devoid of tectonic logic and a sense of materiality and empathy is clearly part of process’. Oral versus Visual Space (Page - 9) Various predominant cultures define senses of smell, taste, etc. continue to have collective importance in behavior and communication. ‘Shift from oral to written speech was essentially a shift from sound to visual’ or ‘print replaced lingering hearing dominance to sight dominance’ concluding situational thinking replacing abstract thinking. Oral speech which is spoken by the speaker is usually a perception of what the speaker perceives and writing tyrannically locks a visual field to it. However recovery from what the word is truly meant for the reader is inescapable. Artistic expression is what we sense and live than what our intellect have defined and generalized out of it. It the very basic and original form of understanding. Art is the abstract idea of space and architecture is its spatial understanding and recreating the experience of the same notion. The notion of art which is raw and unconceptualized. Retinal Architecture and loss of Plasticity (Page - 12) Dominance of vision over other senses doesn’t necessarily imply rejection of other senses but does state priority over others. Vision however has a tactile ingredient which reinforces other senses. Traditional architecture was created based on experience than conceptualization, beauty of which was later conceptualized. Hence Vision is a entity that could be molded based on other senses. Le Corbusier states “Architecture is plastic and tangible. It’s a masterly, correct and magnificent play of masses brought together in light”. A very ocular centric approach put up by Le Corbusier also emphasizes on his devastating urbanistic projects.
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MiesVan-der-Rohe on other hand has a unique perception over order,structure,weight,craft and detail to enrich visual paradigm. Works of artists and architects however do not define face value but rather provides merely life force to a experience. Architecture of Visual Imagery (Page - 15) David Harvey states “ loss of temporality and search of instantaneous impact with contrived depthlessness”. He talks about Architecture as mere images detached from existential depth and sincerity leading to loss of plasticity,tactility,craft,measures and depth details. This is art but not architecture. Creation of ‘aura’ is what should be looked upon. Other senses
Vision
Vision Dominance
Materiality and Time (Page - 19) Architecture reflects the culture of the society strengthen by weakened sense of materiality. The construction of temporary structures, deliberate attempts to hide its materiality and ageless perfection traces the fear of wear and fear of death. Natural materials – stones, bricks and wood and material formed from several imperfections of nature with its glory and flaws. Hence it allows our vision to penetrate deeper into the surface convincing of veracity of matter making spatial experience richer. Weakening of experience in today’s environment has devastating mental effects.gotthard Booth “nothing gives man fuller satisfaction than participation in process that supersede the span of individual life”. Desire of a human to explore more than limits of his life, a sense of timelessness, is what is the task of architecture to facilitate. A new vision and sensory balance (Page - 23) Even though today’s world is dominated by vision doesn’t restrict the possibility to open realm of sensory balance. New technology has hegemony of vision however this fact can also not be disassociated that every sense has advanced in its own realm. However, are only advanced at different levels on different zones. Bringing the sense of vision and other sensory counter parts on space plane by letting the user define the dominance in the field of existence in architectural context; is what could be a possible solution.
Part II Multisensory experience (Page - 25) Architecture is extension of nature created by man and the understanding of it is a perception but the experience is a constant. Senses through which we experience a space, we aggressively seek making sense out of it than trying to passively enjoy the experience. Somehow these 5 detached senses aren’t enough to define complete ecosystem of perseverance of a space. There surely are in between sensorial catalyst who reinforce. Gibson categorized them as visual, auditory, touch-smell, basic orientation and the haptic system. Steinerian philosophy assumes that we utilize no less than 12 senses.Hence, Architecture cannot be termed a isolated collaboration of senses but rather embodied material and spiritual experience. It also engages memory, imagination and creative understanding. We remember via touch as good as we remember via intellect. It’s a codependent process of experiences with all the body mind and senses offer.
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Significance of shadow (Page - 29) Shadow is as essential as light. To creation a 3d dimensional sense and existence of a entity. Paintings of Caravaggio and Rembrandt have an extraordinary sense of focus and presence with play of shadow. Shadows cast deep inhales and illuminates exhales of light. In our time opening of a structure has lost its significance and has been taken for granted with introduction of artificial lighting. Considering realm of lighting only for sake of eyes to see an object, using the ability of light to bare minimum losses the spatial quality. This generates a deficient stimulus for wholesome body and mind. Acoustic intimacy (Page - 32) Sound is omni-directional hence creates sight of exteriority but experience of interiority. In architectural realm significance of sound is undermined in usual designing process. Unless it’s a space working on basis of acoustic. Just like silent film has loss of plasticity without voice, architecture also losses its plasticity without consideration of sound hence is compensated with extreme visionary treat. A space with echo added to it gives much prestige experience than with a shallow sound notes, taking theaters as example compared with house we live in. A visual sculpture is carved out by brain to when ears senses the depth of sound. However sound usually remains an unconscious background experience. Every city has its own echo pattern depends on how its created and what is its pattern. However cities have lost echo altogether. Lack of open spaces, over population and neglecting the quality of living with survival instinct than living has made our ears go blind. Silence, Time and solitude (Page - 36) As much as humans like to socialize and express, breaks from such pattern of living is always desired by mind inducing self-exploration. Lack of balance may lead to chaotic or experience of complete alienation. City spaces should be designed such with balance of both experiences. However in real terms its not existent. Time is just a entity in relation to chaos or silence whose perveance may differ with how much can a user keep up a healthy mind. Spaces of Scent (Page - 40) Memories and imaginations are often associated with a smell. Sense of touch, vision may alter but smell has a sense relapse experience of the space. Cognitive, perceptive, cultural, social, planning and anthropological phenomena would seem to indicate that odors are not only profoundly inherent components of places, but at times are essential to defining them. Just like acoustic experience sense of scent is just a background to reinforce sense of space. Shape of touch (Page - 50) Touch reads texture, weight, density and temperature of the matter. Emotions or memories do arouse with the sense of touch for a object. ‘The door handel is like handshake of the building’. The experience connects time space body and memory. A temptation to walk through a space could be produced by architecture. There is also a sense of identity associated with sense of touch. Taking example of home, which has particular intimate warmth and sense of relief or rather a comfort zone.
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Figure 14: The shape of Touch
Task of Architecture (Page - 55) Timeless task of architecture is to conceive both experience and perveance of senses accordance to purpose of the structure. Ideas, images or rather any object created in the space should lead the sense suppose to be created. However every space could not be a timeless entity unless its flexible enough to change according to pattern and flow of culture of users it occupies without losing its cultural order, interactions, separations, identity and memory of space. Human identify their existence with relation to the space; hence architecture is a essential ingredient. ‘Architecture is the art of reconciliation between ourselves and the world, and this meditation takes place through senses.’ With today’s confusing time of unrealistic perfections and agelessness introduction of what is truly needed for human mind is of urgency.
Inference The literature piece ‘The Eyes Of The Skin’ encompasses a concrete ideas for multisensorial experiences. It talkes about how environment stimulates human senses, how humans percieve it via senses, and what is immediate reaction towards these stimulations. Inflection of culture in which human being lives is also touched upon which gives better clarification of distinct reaction for every individual. This research book yearns to create a architectural masterpiece via understanding three basic aspects of design, Stimulatory, Ssensory And Expressive experiences. Main focus of reasearch is to create a user centric experince for which ‘The Eyes Of The Skin’ gives insights and examples that could help achieve a architectural masterpiece.
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3.3 Inference Understanding stimulatory, sensory and expressive experiences is the approch through whch archiecture intervention proposed in this project will showcase. Chapter 2 focuses on understanding multisensorialty and its importance in architecture and human life. •
The study to understand multisensoriality start with first undertsanding the nature and its intercation with human. this is covered in chapter “1.1.1 Human and Nature”.
•
Architecture or built structures are usually response to what nature provides and what humans need. In chapter “1.1.2 Built environment evolution” topic of evolution of architecture, creation of build spaces and their percevance by humankind is touched upon. Creation of build spaces are introduced not just in terms of extrior percevance and developement but interiors as well. This chapter gives small portion of insight on designing and planning of spaces for the architectural invention that will be proposed in this project.
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In chapters “1.1.1 Human and Nature” and “1.1.2 Built environment evolution” understanding of interaction built space to nature, nature to human, humans to built spaces is established. However, that targets only tangible factors of multisensoriality. Human interaction also has intangible factor where basics needs of human living both in terms of physiological and psychological paradigm are covered. The chapter “1.1.3 Psychology and Psychometrics” covers this sector. This chapter also introduces animal instincts and human survival which shapes architecture
•
To deeply understand the multisensorial experience and architectural connection with it, chapter “1.2.1 The Eyes Of The Skin | Juhani Pallasmaa” is a literature review of book “The eyes of the skin” which is mainly focused in “multisensorial experiencial architecture”. This chapter creates the core foundation for designing process and this project.
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㐀 唀匀䔀刀 䐀䔀吀䔀刀䴀䤀一䄀吀䤀伀一 䄀一䐀 䄀一䄀䰀夀匀䤀匀
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4.1 Understanding 4.1.1 User Study and Survey Through above chapters of ‘The backdrop’ and ‘Multisensorial architecture and experience’ we observe importance of stimulatory,expressive and sensory perceptions of humankind and what importance does it stand for mental well being of an individual. Various implications imposed by culture and lifestyle of 21st century are seen which is taking toll on mental health in bad terms. The mental well being issues are predominantly observed in urban context as the experinces created are much introverted and banale in experiences. Hence the users will be quantified comparing - users in an urban context and users in an non urban context. Data Analysis There are various factors which affect mental well being of an individual: •
Age
•
Occupation
•
Gender
•
Context of residal
•
Daily activities carried out
3 Surveys are hence being taken to understand mental status of the residents and how above 5 factors affect it. General survey 1 - Delhi Delhi was opted as a survey context for a factor that it contains serveral issues that do not form balance between nature and individual. The experiences at certain patches of this context are chaotic, extremely introverted in built structructures. Delhi is denser and has extremely less scope to have a multisensorial experience and breathing spaces within city planning.The survey is taken can for analysis of need for importance of multisensorial experience, their mental well being and needs to overcome these isuues. Total of 50 individuals were analyzed in this survey. Pictures below shows fabric of Delhi and interaction spaces it offers. The multisensorial experiences observed are chaotic and much disturbing to experiences.
Delhi
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Questionnaire: GENERAL SURVEY 1
Name: Age: Occupation and position: Place of stay:
1. Why do you prefer staying in Mumbai •
It provides better job opportunities than other places
•
Pay is better
•
Quality of life is good/better
•
It may provide better future opportunities
•
Other reason (mention the reason)
2. How would you describe quality of living in Mumbai? •
Good
•
Neutral
•
Bad
3. What is the reason for above response? •
Resources and jobs are easily available
•
Lots of places to visit for recreational activities
•
Way too crowded
•
Too much pollution
•
Other (mention in detail)
4. What kind of place would you want to stay if it was for quality of living? •
I would not want to stay anywhere but here
•
Place with much cleaner environment and nature around
•
Place with less crowd
•
Other (mention in detail)
5. What are the issues you are subjected in your daily work culture? •
Stress of work
•
Overtime
•
Lack of opprtunites and Disproportionate pay
•
Others (mention in brief)
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6. To solve these issue what measures do you take? •
Enganging in socialization
•
Engaging in spiritual or self devleopment endevours (Yoga, motivational speeches,etc.)
•
Taking physical treatements (Naturopathy,spa,etc.)
•
Engaging in artistic activities (Singing, listening to music, dancing,etc.)
•
Others (mention in brief)
7. Name a place or activity that you often visit/do to deal with your issues at workplace.
8.How does it help you?
9.How would you describe your status? •
Happy
•
Fairly happy
•
Neutral
•
Unhappy
10. How would you rate your workplace? •
Good
•
Neutral
•
Bad
11. What improvements do you believe could make your workplace better? •
Making it more social
•
Facilities and flexibility in set of activities could be introduced (reading area, lounges, etc.)
•
Introducing green areas around your workplace
•
Better coworking relationship
•
Others (mention in brief)
12. How likely are you to visit a retreat for your physical and mental well being? •
Likely
•
Not likely
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Total individuals surveyed were 50. The analysis judgement was based on 5 critical mentioned - Age,Occupation,Gender,Place of residal and Daily activities carried out.
Title Reason forChart stay at Mumbai
Overall Happiness of Surveyed Individuals
5%
BETTER JOB OPPORTUNITIES
33% 34%
BETTER PAY BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE FUTURE PROSPECTS
8%
OTHER REASON
20%
Figure 2: Reason for stay at Mumbai
Figure 1: General survey happiness
Through figure 1 it is observed that 32% of total 50 surveyed individuals were unhappy and 28% neutral. Which declares huge chunk of individual unhappy with their living. According to figure 2 primary object to stay in Mumbai if for better job opportunities and future prospects. Hence, in figure 3 we observe maximum individuals to be that of 20-40 age group. Overall Age range of Surveyed Individuals
Occupational chart of Surveyed
Figure 4: General survey occupation
Figure 3: General survey age
According to figure 4 primary occupation is seen to be a corporate working job. As Mumbai is a commercial hub, the result is predictable. Hence major chunk of individuals who are unhappy are that of corporate worker job. Issues faced in work culture
Reasons of stress onTitle Surveyed Individuals Chart 3%
8%
MONOTONOUS WORK CULTURE 19%
TOO MUCH USE OF DIGITAL GADGETS
10%
DISCONNECT FROM NATURE
13%
21%
BAD COWORKING RELATIONS LACK OF FACILITIES IN WORKSPACE
26%
Figure 5: General survey stress
LACK OF SOCIAL SPACES
Figure 6: General survey reason of stress
According to figure 5 major issues faced in work culture was asked to determine the reason for happiness results. Almost 50 % result was see to be due to stress. The reasons potrayed in figure 6 is majorly due to monotonous routine and consistent use of digital gazets.
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Stress chart of Surveyed Individuals (Female)
Stress chart of Surveyed Individuals (Male)
Figure 7: General survey age
Figure 8: General survey age
Since we now know that major issue is stress. A comparitive survey of stress based on gender is also analyzed. According to figures 7 and 8 it could be determines that both genders have almost similar responses in terms of stress rating.
Chart Title
Quality of living in Mumbai
Recreational activity chart of Surveyed
20%
GOOD NEUTRAL 62%
18%
BAD
Figure 9: Quality of living
Figure 10: General survey recreational activity
Likeliness for opting for mental wellness
Quality of living was also asked in the survey where 62 % of individuals voted quality of living in Mumbai as bad. According to figure 11 40% rated for travelling while 33% for yoga and meditation. When asked if these 50 individuals would like to opt for a spiritual retreat far away from hustle of city 70 % opted of yes. Figure 11: Likeliness for opting for a retreat
Inference Comparing Figures 1 to 11 the main cause affecting mental health is stress which is impacting both genders equally and age range of 20-40 years. Providing a space for recreational activities where they could opt for travelling off-grid or reconnecting with nature and engaging into spiritual ventures like yoga and meditation would be a proposal apt for according to the analysis.
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Questionnaire: GENERAL SURVEY 2
Name: Age: Occupation and position: Place of stay:
1. Why do you prefer staying in Mumbai •
It provides better job opportunities than other places
•
Pay is better
•
Quality of life is good/better
•
It may provide better future opportunities
•
Other reason (mention the reason)
2. How would you describe quality of living in Mumbai? •
Good
•
Neutral
•
Bad
3. What is the reason for above response? •
Resources and jobs are easily available
•
Lots of places to visit for recreational activities
•
Way too crowded
•
Too much pollution
•
Other (mention in detail)
4. What kind of place would you want to stay if it was for quality of living? •
I would not want to stay anywhere but here
•
Place with much cleaner environment and nature around
•
Place with less crowd
•
Other (mention in detail)
5. What are the issues you are subjected in your daily work culture? •
Stress of work
•
Overtime
•
Lack of opprtunites and Disproportionate pay
•
Others (mention in brief)
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6. To solve these issue what measures do you take? •
Enganging in socialization
•
Engaging in spiritual or self devleopment endevours (Yoga, motivational speeches,etc.)
•
Taking physical treatements (Naturopathy,spa,etc.)
•
Engaging in artistic activities (Singing, listening to music, dancing,etc.)
•
Others (mention in brief)
7. Name a place or activity that you often visit/do to deal with your issues at workplace.
8.How does it help you?
9.How would you describe your status? •
Happy
•
Fairly happy
•
Neutral
•
Unhappy
10. How would you rate your workplace? •
Good
•
Neutral
•
Bad
11. What improvements do you believe could make your workplace better? •
Making it more social
•
Facilities and flexibility in set of activities could be introduced (reading area, lounges, etc.)
•
Introducing green areas around your workplace
•
Better coworking relationship
•
Others (mention in brief)
12. What kind of wellness facility would you like to visit? •
Digital detox
•
Spiritual/ Meditation
•
Spa/Massage
•
Artists/ Writers
•
Activities/Adventure
•
None
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General Survey 2 - Corporate office workers (IDBI bank,Mumbai) According to survey 1 it was concluded that majority of 50 individual surevyed were corporate office workers. Hence third survey was conducted at a corporat office to conclude the final proposal. To get deeper insights into what sort of wellness facility would be apt for the individuals this survey was conducted. Total of 20 individuals were surveyed. Overall Happiness Surveyed Individuals Chartof Title
Overall Age range Surveyed Individuals ChartofTitle
0% 20%
20% 30%
HAPPY
30%
AGE GROUP 20-30
FIARLY HAPPY
AGE GROUP 30-40
NEUTRAL
AGE GROUP 40-50
FAIRLY UNHAPPY
20%
UNHAPPY
30% 20%
30%
Figure 1: Corporaote Overall happiness
Figure 2: Corporate age
Chart inTitle Issues faced work culture
Chart Title Recreational activity chart of Surveyed Individuals
9%
9%
STRESS 18%
OVERTIME
9%
AGE GROUP 50-ABOVE
64%
29%
TRAVELLING YOGA/MEDITATION
24%
LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES
ENAGGING IN CREATIVE VENTURES
OTHER
OTHERS 38%
Figure 3: Issues faced in work culture
Figure 4: Corporate recreational activities
Through figure1 it could be seen that overall happiness of the individuals surveyed in the corporate office, only 30-40% of indivuduals are happy to fairly happy. The age group is seen diverse according to figure 2, Figure 3 depicts 64 % of individuals have stress to be primary work culture issue. Recreational activities to curb stress by yoga/meditation, which majority of 38% of individuals followed. 29% preffered to go on travel while 24 % preferred engaging in creative ventures. Happiness chart of Surveyed Individuals MALE (Male) 0%
FEMALE Happiness chart of Surveyed Individuals (Female) 0%
20%
20% 40%
HAPPY
FIARLY HAPPY
FIARLY HAPPY
NEUTRAL
NEUTRAL
FAIRLY UNHAPPY
20%
20%
HAPPY
UNHAPPY
FAIRLY UNHAPPY
20%
UNHAPPY 40%
20%
Figure 5: Corporate happiness chart (male)
Figure 6: Corporate happiness chart (female))
Comparing figure 4 and 5 the difference between happiness ratings of male and females do not seem to vary too much.
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When asked question regarding which preffered health wellness facility they would choose. Majority of 26% answered a spiritual/meditation retreat followed by digital detox and spa and massage retreat both at 23% each polling.
Preferred Chart mentalTitle wellness facility DIGITAL DETOX 8% 23% 14%
SPIRITUAL/MEDITATION
SPA/MASSAGES
6%
ARTIST/WRITERS
23%
26%
ACTIVITIES OR ADVENTURE NONE
Figure 7: Preferred wellness facility
Inference Comparing figures 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 it could be concluded that with diverse age group being surveyed of same corporate office, primary issue faced was stress. Majority of surveyed individuals opted for yoga,meditation and travelling as primary way to crub stress. When interviewed if which health wellness facility they would opt for the majority answer was spiritual and meditation retreat followed by digital detox, spa and massage wellness facilities. Hence a wholesome spiritual retreat with spa and massage and subordinate activity ventures could be proposed
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4.1.2 User Interviews 2 interviews were conducted ofAugust 8,2019 to conclude a deeper understanding regarding what what expected by the users profile found majority in the above surveys. First interview if that of a corporate office worker who is Deputy General Manager of Prabhadevi branch IDBI bank who manages 70 employees.This interview gives an insight on what real life issues general coorporate worker and what would they possibly prefer Second interview is that of a health professional who conducts wellness programs in offices such as IDBI bank. This interview gives an insight on why and how the issues are resolved and what methods are used to do so. User profiles interviewed: •
Vivek Bhowmik, Corporate worker, Delhi
•
Kalpana Saidane, Health professional, Delhi
Vivek Bhowmik/Corporate worker
Education: B.Com, MBA Occupation: Deputy General Manager, IDBI branch Stay: Cannaught Place, Delhi Age: 31
Vivek Bhowmik started working in PSB bank in 2013. Due to lesser pay and financial loss of PSB joined IDBI by 2016. In his leisure time he loves to read and write and also travel new places. •
How happy and satisfied are you in your profession? On scale of 1-10 how much would you rate it?
I always wanted to be a banker and I am now. I am getting to learn lots of new things related to finance and I am growing in that sector. However there is a lot of work stress and finally it’s a work in cubicles which does not really help with banal work culture. I would rate it 7. •
What issues do you face in your work culture?
As such we have pretty supportive team working with us. However there is consistent amount of work pressures and targets to fullfill in a very small time. Hence stress,overtime and physical pain due to over working does end up being the outcome of it. •
What do you usually do to relive stress and other physical issues caused due to it?
I usually prefer visiting spiritual courses or travel to new places. As our job asks for us work our hardest,most of the weekend we dont even get holidays. But yes in extensive ones I do. •
What is it about travelling you love ?
The work-culture in a bank is a desk job. It’s a constant routine, 9 to 5 job. Sometimes even more. Same people, same environment and same work causes stress. Travelling gives opportunities to meet new people and learn new things. It also help me to stay connected with nature which we hardly get to experience in our cubicles.
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•
How does it help you?Do you think there is need of wellness facility?
Our job is such that we need to process 1000s of checks and money every single day. On average every employee at my office processes almost 500 checks everyday. there are lots of risk factors involved during work process as any mistake can cause to lose our customers money and that may have to be paid back from our pockets. Hence we do need to have a calm mind and complete conciousness to do so. Meditation does help me out a lot in doing that. •
What type of wellness facility will you prefer?
Talking for my profession I would prefer to have a facility that could provide spa and massage treatements and maybe with yoga and meditation spaces. A wholesome environment for a limited period of time.
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Kalpana Saindane/Wellness Professional
Education: BA Psychology, B.Ed Occupation: Wellness instructor Stay: Lodi colony, Delhi Age: 35
•
What kind of mental health issues do you observe in the corporate workers you deal with?
Acute stress, Episodic acute stress, Chronic stress are basic type of stress experienced within workers. Along with that depression, headache, anxiety, overeating or undereating, muscle tension or pain, restlessness, angry outbursts, chest pain, lack of motivation or focus, drug or alcohol misuse, fatigue, social withdrawal, sleep problems are few problems to list. •
What is stress caused by?
Stress is usually caused due to various reasons Work pressure, family issues, lack of satisfaction,lack of time to self explore and do your favourite things and dull environment of more are few to list. •
What are the impacts of this?
Too much eating, drug abuse, going off for shopping spree, unwanted waste of money is carried out by the patients to curb stress. However, these are temporary solutions. This nothing but leads to consumerism with no satisfaction and greed for more.We do not listen to what body needs and rather keep finding quicker temporary solutions. •
What do you suggest to patients to destress?
For a person to destress first I like to engage the person or group in some simple activities which are purely for fun like listening to music, dancing, writing or just playing games. These are much temporary solutions. A hand of self-exploration and teaching of self-love is needed to make peaceful mind last long. Meditation, Yoga, listening to spiritual talks, psychological counselling, Massages or even sitting quite at one place could be methods for long lasting happiness. •
How does it differ with gender, age and work pressure in terms of hierarchy in work system?
Quality of living very much differs with age and gender. Youths are much more prone to bad stress management females in particular. Unhealthy competitions between coworkers is most common cause after too much work pressure. Women in particular are suffering to more stress due to pressure of handling work as well as household chores leading to family issues as well. Stress is seen at peaks with rise in social work heirarchy in a workspace. •
How do you think these activity help? What difference do you find within a individual after the activities conducted?
Any human regardless his occupation needs change from time to time. Hunger for learning new and being in new space is consistent Hence travelling is also one of destressing activity. Activities which I conduct in these corporate offices is usually much temporary and only for few days. For most workers its not enough for their mental healing for which they individually approach me for better guidance.
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4.2 Inference Chapter 4 “User determination and analysis” chapter involves understanding need of the people via surveys or interviews. This gives an insight to wheather the intervention being proposed truly suitable for the issue we are trying to address. •
In Section “4.1.1 User Study and Survey” based on the outputs that were achieved in the backdrop. Locations for user study determined. Since mental health wellness is a subject applicable to every human. The scope of user study was freeend. It was basic factors such as Age, Occupation, Gender, Context of residal and Daily activities carried out that would have decided the impacts of stress on individuals.
•
Total 3 surveys were carried out at two seperate context. One was in husting city of Mumbai where individuals of all sorts of occupational profile were interviwed and result noted down.Second one was in Auroville with a completely contrasting context to that of Mumbai to analyzed wheather location of place does create an impact on mental wellness levels.Third survey was carried out at a corporate office of Mumbai according to conclusion of survey 1.
•
It was concluded from these 3 surveyd that an apt architectural intervention for mental wellness issue could be proposing a spiritual retreat. Majority of individuals are expected to be that from urban context as stress levels are seen higher in these areas.
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5.1 Understanding 5.1.1 Retreat “an act of moving back or withdrawing.” (Source: www.vocabulary.com) A retreat will either be a time of solitude or a community expertise. Retreats could either be underneath a spiritual organization or a non-profit non-religious organization. It doesn’t essentially has got to be pondering retreat either. Its may an area for self and inventive exploration or anywhere that has resources for happiness and human satisfaction.
Difference between resort, retreat and wellness resort Resort: “a place that is frequented for holidays or recreation or for a particular purpose.” (Source: www.vocabulary.com) Wellness resort: “A wellness resort is a luxury hotel that offers wellness facilities, such as a spa or fitness centre.” (Source: www.vocabulary.com) A health retreat, however offersa purposefully designed programme of therapies and activities guided by leading health professional and fitness experts.
5.1.2 Retreat time- lapse Retreats or eudaemonia center began to be a commercial prospect since 1950’s. Origin of those centers can be copied back from ancient historic traditions from numerous components of world of Asia, Rome, Balkan state whose eudaemonia practices influence the retreats even nowadays. These centers through the amount had been influenced by many different movements like medical ,religious, art and plenty of a lot of. 3,000-1,500 BC: Ayurveda – originated as associate oral tradition, later recorded within the Vedas, four sacred Hindu texts. It is a holistic system that strives to form harmony between body, mind and spirit, Ayurvedic regimens that is customized to every person’s distinctive consitution (their exercise, biological process, social interaction and hygiene needs) – with the goal of maintaining a balance that forestalls health problem. Yoga and meditation are important to the tradition, and are, of course, progressively practiced worldwide.
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3,000 – 2,000 BC: ancient Chinese medication (TCM)- one in all the world’s oldest systems of medication, develops. Influenced by Taoism and Buddhism, TCM applies a holistic perspective to achieving health and eudaemonia, by cultivating harmony in one’s life. Approaches that evolved out of TCM, like stylostixis, flavourer medication, ki gong and tai chi chuan, became core, trendy eudaemonia – and even Western medical – approaches. 500 BC: Ancient Greek medico Hippocrates – is presumably the primary physician to target preventing illness rather than merely treating illness, and additionally argued that illness may be a product of diet, manner and environmental factors. 50 BC: Ancient Roman medicine- stressed illness bar, adopting the Greek belief that health problem was a product of diet and manner. Ancient Rome’s extremely developed public health system (with its intensive system of aqueducts, sewers and public baths) helped stop the spreading of germs and maintained a healthier population. Global vital developments1650s: the utilization of the word “wellness” within the West Germanic language – which means the other of “illness” or the “state of being well or in smart health” – dates to the 1650s, consistent with the English language wordbook. 1790s: German Dr. Christian Hahneman develops homoeopathy, a system that uses natural substances to push the body’s self-healing response. 1860s: German priest Sebastian Kneipp promotes his “Kneipp Cure”, combining treatment with herbalism, exercise and nutrition. The New Thought movement additionally emerges, around Phineas Quimby’s theories of mentally-aided healing. 1870s: Madonna Baker Eddy founds spiritual-healing-based Christian Science. Apostle Taylor Still develops treatment, a holistic approach grounded in manipulating muscles and joints. 1880s: Swiss Dr. Maximilian Bircher-Benner pioneers nutritionary analysis, advocating a diet of fruits and vegetables. The YMCA launches collectively of the world’s 1st well-being organizations, with its principle of developing mind, body and spirit. 1890s: Daniel David golfer develops treatment, targeted on the body’s structure and functioning. 1900s: John medico W. K. Kellogg (director of the Battle Creek, Michigan Sanitorium) espouses a healthy diet, exercise, fresh air, treatment and “learning to remain well.” treatment, targeted on the body’s ability to heal itself through dietary and fashion amendment, herbs, massage and joint manipulation. had not however consolidated underneath the formal banner of a “wellness business.” 19th Century Intellectual & Medical MovementsIn the nineteenth century new intellectual movements, non secular philosophies and medical practices proliferated within the u. s. and Europe. variety of other care strategies that specialize in self-healing, holistic approaches, and preventive care – as well as homoeopathy, osteopathy, treatment, and treatment – were supported throughout this era and gained widespread quality in each Europe and also the u. s.. different new philosophies were a lot of spiritually orientating (such because the “mind-cure movements,” as well as New Thought and Christian Science) and were instrumental in propagating the trendy concept a primary supply of physical health is one’s mental and non secular state of being. 1910: The Carnegie Foundation’s Flexner Report, a critique of North America’s medical education system for lack of standards and scientific rigor, queries the validity of all kinds of drugs aside from biomedicine, leading to most different systems (homeopathy, treatment, etc.) being born from thought medical education, and setting the stage for our trendy disease-oriented, evidence-based drugs.
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20th Century: upbeat SpreadsFrom 1980-2000, the upbeat movement begins to achieve momentum, and find taken a lot of seriously by the medical, tutorial and company worlds. The fitness and spa industries globally practised zoom. However, despite of these disparate developments, this momentum had not however united below the formal banner of a “wellness business.” In the twenty first century, the worldwide upbeat movement and market reached a dramatic tipping point: fitness, diet, healthy living and eudaimonia ideas and offerings have proliferated wildly—and a thought of upbeat is reworking each business from food and food to travel. By 2014, quite 1/2 world employers were victimization health promotion methods, whereas a 3rd have endowed in full-blown upbeat programs (Bucks Consultants report). Medical and assist specialists WHO promote upbeat (such as Drs. Mehmet Oz, Ramdev cake and St. Andrew Weil) became home names. “Wellness,” term became part of collective world psyche and vocabulary which firmly connected with the media and an increasing different medical establishments. Healthcare prices Drive the Shift to upbeatWith a chronic malady and avoirdupois crisis raging worldwide during this century, resulting in unsustainable care prices, the normal medical institution and a lot of governments are shifting the main target to interference and upbeat. for example, if, within the Nineteen Nineties, most tutorial medical centers had an adversarial stance toward practice of medicine, currently several of the foremost elite establishments within the world feature Integrative Medicine departments.
Ayurveda 3000-1500 B.C
Ancient Greek Medicine 500 B.C
Traditional Chinese Medicine 1000-2000 B.C
Homeopathy 1790s Hydrotherapy 1860s Organic Farming 1950s "High Level Wellness" 1960s First Wellness Center Opens 1950s Wellness Goes Mainstream 1980s -2000s
Wellness Goes Global 2010 Legislation to curb Obesity and diabetes 2011-2018 Global Wellness Institute 2014 GWI Built Well to Live Well Report 2018 Figure 78: Retreat timeline
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5.1.3 Types of Retreat
The seven differing types of eudaemonia retreats: Activities /Adventure: These retreats can inspire you with the physical activity you are doing, and also the lovely settings you are doing them in. Adventures could embrace everything from athletics visits, to tours of the scenic areas round the resort. you’ll be able to conjointly typically make the most of gyms, or court game courts to boost your pulse and acquire those endorphins pumping. They conjointly generally provide countless superior amenities like pools and spas to assist you wind down once your exciting day. It may be categorised a lot of into a resort or fun activity zone but the target and implecation in each stay common grounds. Awareness Wellness Retreats: Awareness and attentiveness are at the terribly core of managing your regular stresses. These retreats don’t seem to be regarding de-stressing whereas you’re there. It’s so much deeper than that.It’s a lot of regarding entering into bit together with your true self and learning the much-needed techniques to manage this understanding and gage it into your: •
Relationship together with your partner
•
Job and career
•
Parenting approach
•
Day-to-day stresses.
Exercise/ Fitness: These are geared toward those that aren’t wanting to slow things down and relax. These are those that wish to feel their blood moving and crave this to feel alive. Studies have shown that elbow grease one hundred fifty minutes or a lot of weekly will assist you live up to 7 years longer. These retreats assist you reach yourself through fitness and superb programs such as: •
Kayaking
•
Yoga
•
Spin
•
Surfing
•
Beach Boot Camps
•
Rock rising
•
Resistance coaching
•
Stand-up Paddleboarding (SUP)
Digital Detox: This is an exercise that teaches to place down our devices and reconnect with everything else during this world that may bring United States of America joy.We’re talking regarding creating real human connections and rediscovering the way to very communicate. this is often one thing our society is losing, however a digital ward eudaemonia retreat will assist you notice it, and discover a bit of yourself within the method.
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Spiritual/Meditation/yoga: Discover real cloud nine and inner peace with a meditation and eudaemonia retreat. These retreats are designed to assist you impede and keep out all of the external noises that help United States of America from very being attentive to ourselves. hear yourself and recconect with yourself. they will facilitate teach self-compassion and self-care. you’ll be able to use facilities such as: •
Wellness Pools
•
Healthy Juice Bars
•
Yoga Platforms
•
Gym and Fitness Zones
Spa/ Massage: Decompress, distress, and hospital ward at spa or massage themed eudaimonia retreat. wherever services like these listed below are provided: •
Relaxation and healing massage
•
Energy and vitality massage
•
Deep therapeutic massage
•
Neuro-energetic massage
•
Essential oils massage
•
Sports massage
•
Reflexology
•
There also are hot tubs, steam rooms and dust baths to truthfulness your soul.
Artists and Writers: In the fast world we tend to board, endless errands, infinite emails and relentless commotion lists demand our attention. however finding time to interrupt away each currently and once more to unwind is crucial if we wish to stay growing as artists. a way to unwind and renew is thru creative person retreats and workshops. Stepping back from the stress of lifestyle will inspire leaps in power. And creative person retreats facilitate United States of America not solely to boost our prowess however additionally work on ourselves, too. you’ll be able to use facilities such as: •
Workshops and store areas
•
Yoga area
•
Recording /Dancing/Writing studios
•
Library
•
Gym and Fitness Zones
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5.1.4 Activity requirement of retreat According to researchers, suicides are caused due to three basic factors Genetics, Culture and Traits. Genetics predicts the tendencies in which people percieve their issues and their reaction towards it. This may be heridetary. If not heridetary; culture also plays a very important role in way we percieve and respond to stress and stressful situations. Both genetics and culture together are responsible how personal traits are designed. Only traits out of all three is a factor that can be redefined and help person to deal with mental health issues. There are various ways in which a person can change his traits with focus to handel stressful situations. A conditioning of mind is what is required. There are various ways in which this could be achiveved practicing mindfulness, expression of thoughts, nurishment of physical health in a plesant surrounding environment are few ways it could be done. The most important of these all is mindfullness. Even though all these activities are related and impact each other mindfullness is key goal for long term stress relief and personality management.
Considering the research and proven activities mentioned. Retreat would be focusing on providing these basic activities associated facilties and architectural interventions.
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Ofcourse wellness retreats are extremely essential when it comes to Considering various needs for a better mental health possible related activities. The type of retreat semms to be that of a Spiritual and wellness. But it is still essential to understand of this retreat would be a case necessary for the contextual needs or not. Wellness industry is expected to grow by 86% in next 5 years. Demand for tourism industry is only predicted to boom. Also according to researchers having retreats and wellness practices in a context is said to have created wellness culture in and around it. India is a country famous its ayurveda and wellness practices. Having an exquisite cultural background and birhplace of several yogis,this has made India to be one of the leading destinations for spiritual retreats. This has attracted many tourisms and wellness enthusiasts to visit India. A retreat that can offer spiritual wellness with ayurvedic healing would be a perfect architectural intervention solving mental well ness issues. This will not only attract domestic crowd but also international.
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6.1 Literature Review 6.1.1 Auroville : A City for the Future | Anuradha Majumdar For thousands of years, individuals have tried to develop ways in which living could be better. However, ironically, these have diode to exploitation, divisions and turmoil. Auroville is a attempt to forge a brand new humanity, meant to create a space where individuals will concentrate on finding value of material and living. Beginning of establishment of Auroville came in 1968 with many thatched huts strewn across a barren upland in south Asian nation, this future town began with simply 2 things: a charter and a city arrange to welcome individuals from round the world to form a life on the far side national rivalries, social conventions, self-contradictory moralities and competitive religions. Auroville was born to understand human unity through modification of consciousness - an inspiration that also holds worth in today’s world. Writer Anuradha Majumdar in this book examines the lifetime of Auroville each as a resident and as an observer. Anuradha Majumdar Anu Majumdar initial came to Auroville in 1979. She has worked in various areas together with the Matrimandir construction web site and as a dancer-choreographer with the ‘Auroville Dance Lab’ . Her books includes ‘Refugees from Paradise’ and ‘God sorcerer’ (fiction), ‘Island of time and time Papers (YA) Mobile Hour’ and ‘Light Matter’ (poetry). Her poems and stories are anthologized, written for choreography, for art installations and printed and published in Prairie Schooner ,The Punch Magazine, Scroll and Arts Illustrated and others. ‘Auroville: A City for the Future’ is her ninth book.
Consciousness Another Power ‘For those who are satisfied with the world as it is, Auroville has obviously has no reason to exists’ -The Mother This chapter talks about Early life of Aurobindo Acroyd Ghosh, who was grown under a Anglophile Bangladeshi father. At age of 7 Sri aurobindo was sent to England where he studied to be a doctor. After he got to know the freedom movement taking place in India. He applied for a job for Maharaja of Baroda.
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He served in various capacities in Baroda over the next year. Aurobindo meanwhile familiarized with India, its culture spirituality and much more. A became crucial part of freedom revolutionary movement. It was when Aurobindo’s brother fell ill when doctors couldn’t help cure the disease but a sadhu with just a cup of water could. This became eye opener for Sri Aurobindo and questioned its misuse and abonnement of pure yog knowledge in the society. He began practicing yoga on his own. He was now principal of Baroda college and active member of Revolutionary movement. He discovered himself and set free through his writing and reading. Aurobindo left Baroda and was appointed in Calcutta instead. He started writing in newspaper about freedom movement ‘Bande Mataram’ to encourage people. He decided to take formal initiation of yoga under yogi Vishnu Bhaskar Lele. Aurobindo’s main objective to achieve true peace via yoga was never for Sanyasa and Nirvana. Lele asked him to surrender himself completely to his inner divine. As freedom movement rose to its peak. Aurobindo was arrested. Aurobindo had his beliefs shaken after imprisonment but was restored back with undisturbed company of his self thoughts and silence. It was a period of intensive spiritual growth. After this there was no religious belief, doctrine but rather direct knowledge of work before him. ‘Bande Mataram’ was banned hence he started ‘Karmayogin’ ostensibly focus on culture and philosophy. Freedom was sure for India and Bristish were soon to arrest Aurobindo again. Aurobindo fled to French territory Chandernagore and went straight to hiding only to go to Pondicherry. He reached Pondicherry on 4 April 1910 in complete secrecy. First Anchor Pondicherry became Sri Aurobindo’s place of retreat. Since he knew Freedom was definite for India, he was more concerned about what India would move forward with after Independence. Aurobindo practiced his yoga and reached his path of poorna yoga or integral yoga of spiritual realization. This attracted crowds and disciples. Aurobindo wrote various writings on his yogic practice. Paul Richard a French governor visited Pondicherry and met Aurobindo only to return back with Mirra his wife. Miira (The mother) had a instant spiritual connection with Aurobindo and later left her life in France to return to Pondicherry for knowledge. She read Geetha and various spiritual writing and became a true disciple of Sri Aurobindo. Her conscious became soon as equal to that of Sri Aurobindo where started to refer to her as ‘the Mother’. He referred himself and The Mother as descent of ‘Overmind’. Beyond overmind lay plane of ‘Supermind’ vesseled by a Supramental descent. After 24 November 1926 Sri Aurobido decided to run a Ashram for ‘people who seek their inner conscious and truth’. Hostile resistance, occult attacks were attempts to disrupt Ashram’s work. However the process wasn’t given up. Till the time Aurobindo had reached the level of Supermind as a Supramental being. In year 1950 Sri Aurobindo died. The Mother kept his teachings alive for rest of her life to come. In year 1979, she caught a dusty bus moving away from Pondicherry and drove passed a small settlement towards open field. Behind which was nothing but a plane barren plateau. This place was the land of Auroville- The future city of dawn. A New World is Born Ashram build various infrastructures for betterment and upliftment of communities. It alos funded building ‘Golconde’ first modern concrete structure in India designed by Czech American architect Antonin Raymond. During Second World War, India was fighting for its own freedom however defeating Hilter was of utmost importance. If Hitler had succeded there was no hopes for India to gain its freedom. Hence India joined forces against Hitler. After the Second world War and defeat of Hitler. Sri Aurobindo and The Mother had 5 dreams realized. First dream ‘ India is free today however hasn’t achieved unity’ Second dream ‘Nationalism will fulfill itself and lose it to militancy’.
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Third dream ‘Spirit of oneness should over the world’. Fourth dram ‘India should contribute its spirituality to the world’. Fifth and final one included ‘Next step of evolution of consciousness should be taken’. Auroville was meant to be a haven for descent of Superamental beings. A place which nurtures development of Superamental and all the process it needs. Integral yoga was key stone of it with inclusion of different paths of yoga. Superamental was nothing but ‘different consciousness a power beyond mental limit, free from ignorance in which present humanity flounder’. The Integral dream was to have a space that no nation could claim as its sole property. A place where all people of goodwill and sincerity with new aspiration and inspirations could live freely as citizen of world obeying single authority of the supreme truth. Man could exclusively conquer over his limitations and could proceed forward with satisfaction of desires and passions. Children could grow with losing contact to their sole. Education provided not to pass a exam but for self-enlightenment. Artistic beauty in all forms of painting, literature, sculpture music ,etc. will be treated as one and practices as path of finding their conscious. Individual merits will be over social position. Work should not be means of gaining one’s livelihood but rather one’s happiness, peace and satisfaction considering the goodwill of society he lives in. Competition and strife will be replaced with relations of emulation for doing better with collaboration, relation and real brotherhood. The place could be experimental whose laws and workforce could change according to time where no knowledge will be limited to a syllabus and keep changing over timely needs. A place of new designs, architecture, inventions and dreams.
Sri Aurobindo described the ‘old world’ as creation of Overmind. Which includes age of god, consequently the religion will all social, moral and political baggage. At the summit of Overmind is Supramental consciousness where world as whole is acknowledged as one moral, phenomenon. Where only god is supramental truth of one’s own conscious. By 1960 the world saw great surge of freedom with breakfree of ideas,arts,architecture and more more things. However simultaneously there was rise in violence,criminality and warfare. There was sense of urgency to built safe haven for people of world which did not discriminate between race,caste,education or social standing. The project of Auroville was given in hands of Architect Roger Anger. The idea of city was divided into 4 sections cultural, international, industrial and residential overlapping intermediate zones. After various trails and errors in plan after 3 years . The plan was finalized with concept of nebula as its form derivation. Agricultural zone was also inculcated as the green belts in between.
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City of the Future On a bareen land of identified Auroville site laid a only Banyan tree significant to catch attention of Architect Roger anger which because Geographical center of Auroville. On 1965 Mother circulated her first message around the world regarding Auroville: ‘Auroville wants to be a universal town where men and women from all countries will be able to live in peace and progression above all creeds, politics, nationalities straining to realize human unity.” The Early Years The land of Auroville was open and a wild soul space with possibilities. However it was a barren plauteau with very little vegetation. With introduction of idea of Auroville. Volunteers from all over the world came together to create Auroville The City of Future. These volunteers stayed back and became Aurovillians. Some of these Aurovillians became part of Ashram and led it activities. The Ashram was central conscious, Auroville is a outward expression. Each activity conducted was for Divine and preferable for each to be busy with their own work and communal work. There was no pressure nor a burden on Aurovillians to follow preconceive notion of spirituality. People could explore their own Divine and practice it in haven Auroville. The lifestyle meant for Aurovillians wasn’t accepted by everyone. Large number of people did actually leave Auroville. The simple way of exploring life not keeping and preconceive notion of existence in mind wasn’t something every human could explore. Freedom from preconceived notions, teaching and way of living is perhaps most difficult things to merit. Building the Soul Matrimandir was meant to be the Divine consciousness right next to center of city- the banyan tree. This was meant to be the space which could have been visited by anyone and could experience touch with their own Divinity. Any religious, ritualistic practices were absolutely not to be practiced in the sacred Matrimandir. ‘So long as religion would exist, atheism will be indispensable to counterbalance them. But both must disappear to make way for sincere and disinterested search of Truth.’ Architect Roger Anger derived concept of Matrimandir was inspired by lantern which would spread light of true consciousness to the humanity. Mattrimandir was taken care by The Mother and her disciples however after her passing the control was taken over by Sri Aurobindo Society (SAS). Sri Aurobindo Society (SAS) is an external organization that supports Aurobindo Ashram financially by the donations made by other individuals of goodwill. SAS helped Ashram in building Matrimandir and various communal Auroville infrastructure.
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Unending Education Enigmas of arrival 1.The birth of Auroville was founded on consciousness. It is not just about philosophy and meditation but is aspect of life experienced both spiritually and through material. This new conscious desires planning new cities, forests, new way of living, forming organizations of a new humanity and participation in this experiment. 2.All this called for new education system where all areas of work and action both inner and outer was an unending source of learning, transformation and progress. 3.After Charter of city plan was finalized, Auroville’s spiritual and material linking consciousness to matter in the creation of the future city was realized which integrates knowledge of past and future, of inner and outer experience. 4.Finally all the above three are carried out by the base of Human unity which is the ultimate goal of Auroville. A full blown arena of material and spiritual research to arrive at an actual human unity. Unity The Home Ground Auroville is a experimental city of human unity. People from all over the world have joined together in evolutionary experiment of unity. The local people who joined through the process are no less. ‘Together’ in Auroville means people from about 40 different nationalities and 20 states of India must be able to live and work setting aside their differences. Auroville can disappoint and even lead to conflict and misunderstanding. The ‘real need’ for Auroville is deeper and goes beyond ordinary needs and satisfaction. The Beginning of Harmony In writing of Sri Aurobindo: The Human cycle, Ideal of Human Unity and Significance of Indian Art has also depiction of architectural spaces containing human unity.Auroville’s Architecture especially that of Bharat Nivas should be dynamic expression of art of building and renewal of Architecture. All archeological expression of copy paste should be avoided.’ Some of culminating aims contained in Ideal of Human Unity by Sri Aurobindo include: •
Free world union architecture should be complex and diverse
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It would regard mankind as one single nation
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Elimination of war and recognition of equal rights of all people are intimately bound up with each other.
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The interdependence will have to be permanently accepted with unification
Various cultures exist not only in different societies, but even in a single society. How these cultures could be synthesized in a single comprehensive culture is a basic question. The mother provides a strategy to this end. According to the Mother in Auroville, “ The unity of the human race can be achieved neither through uniformity nor through domination and subjection. A synthetic organization of all nations, each one occupying its own place in accordance with its own genius and the role it has to play in the whole, can alone effect a comprehensive and progressive unification, which may have some chance of enduring. And if the synthesis is to be a living thing, the grouping should be done around a central idea as high and wide as possible, and in which all tendencies, even the most contradictory, would find their respective places. That idea is to give man the conditions of life necessary for preparing him to manifest the new force that will create the race of tomorrow.The cultures of the different regions of the earth will be represented here in such a way as to be accessible to all, not merely intellectually, in ideas, theories, principles and languages, but also vitally, in habits and customs, in art under all forms painting, sculpture, music, architecture, decoration-and physically too through natural scenery, dress, games, sports, industries and food.”
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Inference The redevelopment project at Uttarakhand is funded by ‘Sri Aurobindo Ashram’ at Auroville. Mainly focusing on creation of space for spiritual enthusiats. To design a architecture intervention like that, we need to understand the philosophy and core nature of Auroville. The book ‘Auroville:City of Future’ talks about creation of utopian city with a purpose and a goal for “force for good” with “divinity” as a true ruler of human souls. The book covers the process of designing Auroville by taking under consideration all the teaching and philosophies of Sri Auroindo. This book gives us insight for designing based on certain philosophical principals of Sri Aurobindo.
The Mother
Sri Aurobindo
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6.1.2 Life And Teachings Of Sri Aurobindo And The Mother | Karmayogi
Life Of Sri Aurobindo: •
Early Life
Born on August 15, 1872 in Calcutta and educated in England. Sri Aurobindo came back to India with only one aim: liberating India from the foreign yoke. He somehow sensed later that he wanted to discover and adopt his roots back. He came to India to serve as a administrator for ‘The Maharaja of Baroda’. Sri Aurobindo a suitable candidate. Sri Aurobindo later landed in Baroda, served the state and also taught in the college. He moved to Begal after that.India was in a ferment. Sri Aurobindo was a freedom fighter who organized youths under the Congress and voiced radical ideas for freedom of India from British rule. Sri Aurobindo was radical to the core but did not believe in terrorism. When his brother was down with a severe fever and no medication worked.Sri Aurobindo called help of a Naga Sanyasi who chanted a mantra, with cup of water and a knife and gave it to his brother. The fever vanished. Sri Aurobindo was keen in acquiring such a power to free India from the British domination. In pursuit of this goal, he approached several yogis for help.Through process he aquired a advaitic realisation, a silent mind, and the vision of the Cosmic divinity. •
Start On New Path
He sought the help of Vishnu Lele, a Maharashtrian Yogi. The yogi accepted Sri Aurobindo and initiated the process of teaching. To Lele this was unbelievable, since success in this experiment would normally be achieved only after several years but Sri Aurobindo could achieve it in half of its time. When Sri Aurobindo was in Alipore Jail, he used to be visited by Swami Vivekananda.The swami guided Sri Aurobindo through his yoga which helped him to achieve his pursuits. Sri Aurobindo saw the jailers, criminals, policemen, the trees, the people, etc., as Narayana. Sri Aurobindo saw honesty, compassion and charity in the soulof murderers. Sri Aurobindo was declared innocent in the trial. He later travelled to Chandranagore, a French territory for asylum lead by his inner calling. The same voice led him to Pondicherry later. •
Life In Pondicherry
Sri Aurobindo perpetually knew he had a purpose to attain that was to become a pure divine Instrument that will descent existance of the Divinity onto earthborn life being a divine Life. The Yoga of Sri Aurobindo is as follows: “When moksha is accepted, the yogi leaves the planet, that remains in misery. The yogi United Nations agency attains moksha for himself should renounce the globe. He should endeavour to bring the high heavens into the lifestyle of humanity and every one life on earth. To accomplish that mission the yoga can’t be partial. it’s to be integral. The yogi cannot exclude life or perhaps the body from his yogistic purification. it’s not the divine intention that the embodied soul ought to request unleash from the cycle of birth and death. The embodied soul ought to request total unleash from falsehood and ego altogether components of its being and, rising into the upper worlds of Spirit, bring down the non secular force and truth to life on earth, so death, suffering and illness is abolished forever.”
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In the context of Indian Hindooism tradition, this can be associate journey and a departure from the tradition. Sri Aurobindo developed new nomenclature to clarify the tenets of his yoga, which he known as Integral Yoga or Purna Yoga. All this noninheritable special and full significance once Mother arrived. She was keen on thought of action and had her own original concepts for redeeming the world from falsehood. Sri Aurobindo and Mother shared their approaches and at last, came across the longer-term course of action. “If creation as an entire is taken into account, the lower half is of life and mind and body, whereas the upper half is of Spirit. The non-secular half is thought of as Satchidananda, which is comprised of Sat on top of and Ananda below with tab within the middle. Mind rises therefore high on embrace the worlds of gods. Between mind’s highest reach, that is on top of the gods, and also the non-secular worlds of Satchidananada lies a zone that is thought to our rishis as vijnana loka.” This state of mind was termed as Supermind of the supramental world by Sri Aurobindo. •
Later Life
In 1926 the overmental force descended into the mind, very important and extremely physical depths of Sri Aurobindo. at the moment big success, he retired to win additional laurels within the Hindooism journey. From 1926 to 1950 Sri Aurobindo lived in complete retirement and total silence, perpetually raising himself to the amount of the Supermind. As his yoga is one in all ascent and descent, he had to lift himself 1st to the amount of the Muni (higher mind) and look forward to the force of that level to descend into him and reach all the way down to the terribly physical once saturating his nerves and mind. in step with Sri Aurobindo, every level of the ascent is followed by the descent of forces of that level, that integrates the expertise of the sadhak i.e., totally illumines all elements of his being, viz. mind, very important (nerves) and physical. following a higher level is that of the rishi UN agency is blessed with vision, jnanadrishti. Sri Aurobindo’s description of this level is the illumined mind. The yogi, UN agency is on top of this, receives the divine intuition directly while not the help of sight, Drishti or thought. In 1926, the overmental force descended into Sri Aurobindo on all levels. at the moment he was engaged within the Hindooism journey of raising his being to the supramental world and delivery the facility of that world into the world through the instrumentation of his own body. Before 1950, he accomplished this deed totally. His yoga was accomplished. The high heavens were reached. Sri Aurobindo saw at now that the transformation of the world presupposed one alternative condition. He saw the Golden lightweight of the supramental world once he left the blue light of the overmind. If the Golden lightweight were to stay on earth forever once the descent, it’d need regarding 10 yogis UN agency had accomplished Supermind totally. At the time of Sri Aurobindo’s realization that condition remained unrealized. although the facility of Supermind descended through the siddhi of Sri Aurobindo, the sunshine couldn’t stay on earth. Sri Aurobindo required another 10 accomplished yogis. They weren’t there. He set to withdraw and continue his work from the refined plane. •
After Death
During the meditation within the playground on leap day, 1956, Mother declared “She saw her refined body enlarging to the scale of the universe and changing into golden. Before she appeared an enormous golden door associated beside her was an equally massive golden hammer.” this can be an actual place wherever Matrimandir presently in Auroville is placed. Sri Aurobindo gave up nationalism and also the freedom movement at the bid of the inner voice. the British government yet were hounded him up to 1937 Five times, the attempt to seize Sri Aurobindo for British territory kept failing. Sri Aurobindo died a natural death in 1950.
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Sri Aurobindo Ashram When Mother joined Sri Aurobindo, there have been a couple of dozen or additional individuals around Him. Six years later in 1926, she based the Ashram in his name round the time He withdrew fully. it absolutely was Mother’s dream from the start of the century that there ought to be an area on earth wherever human might devote all his energies to hunt the divine while not having to figure for food and shelter. In introduction Sri Aurobindo Ashram, She was attempting to form such an area. Life is split between materialistic possessions and divine fulfilment of the human. Man acts to fulfil his desires and guides himself by his nature, referred to as attribute. this is often stingy, aggressive, sordid, possessive, mean, vindictive, so several alternative things that we all know of. In his march towards civilization, man learns to restrain himself and learns to not categorical these low aspects of attribute. In fact, attribute consists of high potentialities and low actualities. it’s the lower facet that always presses forward. once man advances additional than the first civilized conditions, he seeks culture. He tries to alter himself within and categorical what he extremely is in his inner character. At the primary stage of civilization what changes is behavior. within the second stage of culture it’s character that changes. Below that is still the consciousness of Man, untouched and unchanged. only this changes from pettiness to nobility, from falsehood to truth, will human life be converted into Life Divine. That was why Ashram was based, to search out true balance between each. Being free from the management of something aside from you own divinity and exploring it.
Aurobindo Ashram
Life Of The Mother Born on Feburary 21, 1878 to an Egyptian mother and a Turkish father who were thorough materialists. The Mother was renowned in her family as Mira. The Mother failed to believe any faith and thought of that as limiting her values. Later she based Sri Aurobindo Ashram and propagated the teaching of Sri Aurobindo. “She was a Divine kid meant to command over the affairs of the globe Associate in Nursingd to do an organic process experiment in her own body to evolve the primary member of following species, that Sri Aurobindo referred to as Supramental Man”
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lost to the globe. At an early age she began to grasp her special nature and was in pursuit of it, reading the most effective literature of the globe, as well as The Bhagavadgita. once her body fell into a trance, several religious academics wont to visit her and guide her in her sadhana. Among them there was asiatic figure whom she referred to as avatar. Her one aim in life was to get the Divine within and surrender herself to that. Also, she dreamt of making an area on earth wherever she might offer all the fabric wants to the seekers of the Divine, so they might pursue the one aim she found price seeking-their inner discovery. She was awaiting favorable circumstances for the fulfilment of this ideal. once she came to Asian nation, concomitant her husband throughout his election campaign, she visited Pondicherry. 10 miles aloof from town she saw a column of sunshine within the centre of the city and headed for that. Thus, She came to check Sri Aurobindo. In her 20’s she her journey towards finding divinity intense. Her search was powerassisted by Bhagwat Bhagavadgita. She was married and had a son and shortly once got unmarried . She later married politician Paul Richard. In her later life, she represented the globe as dominated by four main demon figures whom she named Lord of Death, Lord of countries, Lord of Darkness and Lord of Suffering. If a elimination of those four lords may be an opening she believed “the earth would be prepared for the rule of Truth” -The Mother. Richard Paul, her then-husband was seeking election to the French Senate in Pondicherry. throughout his visit he met Sri Aurobindo wherever Mother and Sri Aurobindo met for the primary time. Sri Aurobindo’s presence and his start created her notice that he was a savior of the planet. She later wrote in her journal: “It doesn’t matter that thousands of beings are plunged darkly. He whom we have a tendency to saw yesterday is on earth. His presence is enough to assure America that someday Truth can rule here.” – The Mother Richard and Mother felt that an excellent treasure of Hindooism knowledge lay buried in Sri Aurobindo and it ought to be to the planet through a journal of his writings. In Sri Aurobindo she found constant ideals as her own and took up work with him. when a visit to France she for good joined him in 1920 and took up the religious work of Sri Aurobindo, around whom concerning twenty disciples had gathered. The ways in which the Divine are inexplicable. but somehow she was amid right folks at right time from time to time that leads her to realize her divinity. Her constant company to try and made her reach her divinity was meditation. Mother says she doesn’t represent a philosophy, a faith or a sect. She says she could be a Force of action, an inspired force which will new-create. once it had been thought of by some folks that Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy might be created the idea for starting a brand new faith, she declared that she would be the terrible person to quit the Ashram if such an issue were done. She denied the creation of Aurobindo’s teaching as a faith. ‘Synthesis of Yoga’ a book written by Sri Aurobindo galvanized mother the foremost. In 1926 she official was cast as founding the father of Aurobindo Ashram and Auroville. The teaching results in a wholesome growth in mental, physical, important and religious realms. Mind divisions include: the higher mind of the sage, the mind of the rishi, the normal mind of man, intuitive mind of the yogi, overmind of the gods and Supermind, that is on top of the gods however below the unseen. Release of the soul into Moksha isn’t 70
Wealth Sri Aurobindo aforementioned that 3 things were essential for Truth to reign on earth. They were governmental power, wealth and health. concerning health, he aforementioned everything is thought concerning it. concerning the govt, unless ‘we’ are the govt, it’s out of the question to influence a government for our purpose. He aforementioned he failed to perceive however wealth might be secured for that. but mother disagreed with constant and had differet understanding. For the existence of truth 3 are the items that are essential- wealth, governmental power and health. The government could be a community-oriented approach towards living, health could be an individual well being whereas wealth is what catalyzes the method of achieving a goal. “to achieve life one wants cleverness and to succeed in yoga one needs sincerity” -The Mother Wealth ought to ne’er be stagnated or worshiped. It ought to systematically be applied to the betterment of the man living beings with keeping the smallest want for individual survival. Contrary to ancient beliefs Sri Aurobindo will believe the importance of wealth for existence therefore “At its origin cash belongs to the Divine. If religious folks shun cash, the hostile forces would acquire it. Presently cash is within the hands of the asuras. It should be won back for the Divine” – The Mother
Life Life might be concisely categorized into pain and suffering (negative emotions) whereas happiness (positive emotions). One will not select a path of pain or happiness, however, can alter the perception. It’s a comparative understanding. For well being having positive emotions is what one’s state of mind ought to be at. Every human strives to be happy but pain and suffering don’t enable him to. got to perceive happiness and pain is what may management our perseverance of one’s state of mind. Positive Emotion: Happiness is the feeling of happiness and satisfaction with one’s life or current scenario on the opposite hand, pleasure may be a lot of visceral, in-the-moment expertise. It typically refers to the sensory-based feelings we tend to get from experiences like intake sensible food, obtaining a massage, receiving a compliment.
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Happiness, whereas not a permanent state, maybe a lot of stable state than pleasure. Happiness usually sticks around for extended than a number of moments at a time, whereas pleasure will return and get into seconds. Negative Emotion: Suffering is the expertise of aversion and unpleasantness. it’s going to be the perseverance of threat or damage during an individual. it’s the other of happiness and pleasure. longrun suffering will have an effect on well being of 1 which will cause the path of self and communal destruction. It’s the fate that determines positive or negative repercussions in Life. The mother believes that one’s negative fate if not continual is abolished which is contrary to ancient beliefs. The approach of Aurobindo’s teaching believes that : “Suffering ensues once the hassle is geared toward an occasion of 2 sorts -- success or failure. The effort, once it moves towards an occasion of 2 kinds of success, is not any longer a struggle however is enjoyable” – The Mother
Prayer People are of various sorts and plenty of levels. Prayer suggests that the human soul turning to the Divine soul seeking a relationship. Such a turning is named aspiration. once the individual soul seeks a continual relationship with the Divine soul. This decision from below and therefore the answer from higher than realize expression within the field of life and lose their character of call and answer. in line with the given context, it’s an affected feeling, an excellent expansiveness, a trance-like meditation, etc. At a lot of mundane levels, it’s a prayer for associate degree frozen dessert or a sanction of success during a national election. regardless of the prayer and whatever the look of the sanction, it’s the intense self-control to realize the specified goal. It isn’t necessary to do solely terms of meditation however rather approach is functioning with honesty and dedication towards the method of achieving it.
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God Through his journey of finding divinity, he stumbled upon numerous godly figures of Hindu mythology nonetheless expressed that those figures won’t have been termed as gods if he wouldn’t have studied Hindu mythology.Sri Aurobindo accustomed say that he ne’er needed to be restricted by the gods. The gods have a limitation after they return to perform within the supramental plane. The gods belong to the overmental plane in line with him. Their dimension belongs to the dimension existant on earth. Overmind maybe a plane wherever the total power of truth doesn’t exist. it’s a plane wherever truths will defend themselves and act, eliminating the damaging influence of cognitive content. Truth is self-existent within the next plane of Supermind. Here there’s no cognitive content. Power of Supermind will enter into cognitive content, reach its foundation of truth, unite all of them and from there remodel cognitive content into data. while not that seed of truth, but very little, neither cognitive content, nor evil, nor falsehood, nor even hostility will exist.
Inference This research paper briefly encompasses teachings and philosophy or Sri Aurobindo and The mother. The teaching are going to be useful in architectural intervention proposed by ‘Sri Aurobindo Ashram’ as on principles of which it is based.This will help us to understanding daily activities and culture that the users will follow. A very important aspect to create area programming.
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7.1 Site analysis There are four stress hotspots in India, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. All of them being metropolitian cities are heavily populated and demand extensive need for spaces that could help them destress. The major hotspot out of these four is Delhi. Delhi is capital of India and one of the most populated and well as polluted city in the country and world. The living conditions are extremely poor. Hence, it is an optimal context that has been choosen from where user profiles may be expected. Almost hours from Delhi is a small hillstation named Ramgarh. Ramgarh is a rural town in Nainital district placed in lush mountainous view. Ramgarh has a very special significance for the same reason it has been selected to be the context for architectural intervention. The spiritual wellness retreat will be based on Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy. Ramgard is especially significant because Aurobindo Ghosh used to visit Ramgarh to practice mindfulness. Even his fellow friend and freedom fighter Rabindrnath Tagore used to visit Ramgarh to practcice his creative works. The site selected is an agricultural land placed faced Kosi river. The contoured site overlooks the beautiful landscape of the town with ample of sunlight and cold breeze flowing throughout.
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Ramgarh falls under cold and wet climate in an earthquake zone. The climate fairly remains plesant ranfging from 13 - 32oC. The rainfall is in abudant hence architectural strategies involving water drainage and management would be essential in design. It has clear view of Kosi river and village and a gentle slope of average 7%. Ramgarh is famous for its orchards and bee keepng culture. This design will also include provisions for orchards, export of the good, workshops for processing the harvest and also bee keeping culture. This illustration of site is a 1/3 chunck of 30 acre agricultural land which could be utilized as facilities agriculutural orachard This illustrated site site is of 10 acre gently contoured facing Kosi river. Site has access to vehicular and pedestrian road along with electrical, and drainage services. The wind directions happens to be along contour lines and flows from east and west directions.
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The site is situated at a height of 5000 ft above a picturesque village in the Kumaon range of the Himalayas. Madhuban(fruit orchard)is the place where the beekeeping association of India took birth more than 60 years ago.The entire valley of Talla Ramgarh is a fruit bowl with pears, plums, peaches, apricot orchards. Context has huge resource of slate stone, fine grain soil and wood which could be used for construction. The most abundantly found were Deodar, Pine, Kafal trees. These trees are known for their fine wood. Having such ample amount of raw material found on site transportation cost of the construction material is saved. It is anyway hard to transport heavy material and goods to reagions placed on higher mountaineous region. The soil being alongside a river has ample amount of fertile soil which is good for agriculture. The design hence would include various activities that would involve garderning, bee keeping and orchard produce export.
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7.2 Site Inspirartions Multisensorial architecture being catalyst of mindfulness, these are pictures dervied from the site that arouses different senses in body. Such experiences are readily available in site. Hence architecture design that has been derived has tried to not hamper these resources but rather connect them. Basically being a catalyst between human and nature. This project has tried to inculcate these experiences through providing spaces that bring them together in more of less quatities to arouse particular sensations for mind.
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7.3 Documentation
This is documentation of a vernacular home found in vicinity village Nathuakhan. This unique construction technique is packed with dry stone masonry in a dense timber frame. Heavy roof, plated with slate stone offer pendulum effect. This makes construction efficiently earthquake resistant and heat retaining. Lowest floor was a cattleshed which transferred heat to the upper floor, Kitchen and Storage. This heat was further transferred to the topmost floor, living and bedroom. The topmost floor has wooden balcony which allows heat and light to come filtering harsh cold winds. Wooden logs are placed in balcony to make it more heat retaining during winters
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Floors are made with wood to retain heat. Wooden balconies and doors are decorated with intricate designs inspired by Mughal architecture. Door and windows are painted with bright colors contratsing to the surrounding. These are intentionally painted with bright colors so that they stand out from the contextual green landscapes. Con of this construction is that, it does not allow much light to come in. As adding much wider opening can make is susceptible to earthquake. Too much of timber frames are also utilized in this construction which could be replaced with steel. to resist verticle, horizontal, torsional effects of earthquake.
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7.4 Material analysis
An efficient way to resist earthquake is by using composite construction technique. Complete concrete and steel structures are prone to bending and cracking. Composite construction with dry stone masonry, continuous timber bands along plinth, sill, roof and steel reinforcements at regular intervals have proven to be the best solution for earthquake resistance. It limits the amount of timber used and also much wider opening could be provided with an efficient earthquake response. Not just technique but also form and shape of the structure matters. Simpler shapes of structures such as square, rectangle give best results. Length to breadth ratio should not be more than 1:4 . Structures area to be designed along contour lines and braces are to be applied for stilts. All these basics are followed in the final design.
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7.5 User profile analysis Ramgarh is famous for its Agriculture, Tourism Wood works and miniature paintings. Workshops for thses would also be included in the fcaility and also providing employment opportunities to individuals in the context having experise in those fields. This project would cater 3 main types of users. Their activity chart is mentioned below. The city Auroville (city based on Sri Aurobindo’s principles and philosophy) encourages volunteer services. Hence people across the globe would be welcomed to perform this service and learn new skills. Since Ramgah is famous for Agriculture, tourism, wood works and miniature painting. There would be variety of activities conducted. Only guests according to their requirements would have a specially designed activity course during their stay. Voluteers and staff will be consistent helpers throughout those. Basic spaces like Meditation hall, spa, workshop,library,residential space,dining hall and administration office are the spaces that would catalyze these activities.
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8.1 Live Case studies 8.11 Sheryas Yoga Retreat Shreyas Yoga Retreat is a 20,000 sq. ft architectural intervention placed at Banglore in India. It is designed by architectural firm “The Purple Ink Studio”. Site Area: 1858.0 ft2 Year: 2016
Reasons to choose this case study: •
Concious designing of penetration of light and formation of shadow, evoking senses through spaces
•
Sensitive approach towards social, environmental and economical sustainability
•
Design composed of clean lines with honesty in material
Location
•
Primarary focus is on the connection of human with nature. Most areas of design are submerged and attach to the analytic quality of the earth. The light and air movement planned from a series of sunken courts. The areas are inordinatly programmatically planned to suit the easy spacial movement through space.
Front view
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Corridor view 1
Corridor view 2
•
The entire feel of the space is organic with natural light penetrating the structure.The exposed concrete walls and ceilings use raw texture which depicts sense of honestly of materiality and acceptance of flaws.
•
Hand crafted jaali screens, solid wood doors and openings that merge the inside and exteriors. The landscape is mergesd in the interiors via courtyards which is an encircling methods to make break areas for the guests in lounge of the structure.
•
Open corridors provide smooth transitions from the interiors to exteriors additionally suppling sunshine to interiors along with courtyards.
Exteriors
Spa area
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Lobby area
•
The spa block is seen as a semi-detached sequence that utilizes the adaptive approach with each unit fitted to the purpose it serves. Each spa room (measuring upto 600 sqft) is positioned to offer spectacular views of the site / surroundings, whilst concealing the guests from the outside with local exposed brick jaali works as the shell.
•
The structure’s porous cell conceals a softer environment inside and the private open to sky lounge spaces (for after treatment relaxation) bringing in natural daylights into all spaces. With the spa offering an array of treatment options with the 10 massage rooms, one can experience the holistic Ayurveda treatments based on age-old therapies, or choose from the Oriental and western offerings from the menu.
Entrance
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Massage area Massage area
Water body
Massage area
Massage area Massage area
Open corridor Enema teatement
Conference room
Lounge area
Hot tub treatement Locker/shower/ changing room (Male)
Mud bath treatement
Locker/shower/ changing room (Female)
Admin office Reception and entrance
Kitchen and staff locker rooms Service entry
Salon Gym
Semi open dining area
Main entrance
Schematic Plan Lower Floor
Recreational area
Yoga/Meditation hall
Kitchen area
Schematic Section Yoga Area
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Wet treatement area Wet treatement area
Wet treatement area
Wet treatement area
Wet treatement area
Consultation room Yoga/Meditation hall
Yoga/Meditation hall
Individual Courtyard Meditation area
Juice bar
Washrooms
Recreational area
Schematic Upper Floor
Recreational area
Salon area
Schematic Section Salon Area
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Washrooms Recreational area
Gym area
Schematic Section Gym Area
Schematic Built up Salon
Schematic Built up Salon
Schematic Built up development
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8.1.2 Swan Yoga Retreat, Goa, India Swan Yoga Retreat is a architectural intervention placed at Assagao, Goa in India.
Reasons to choose this case study: •
Sensitive approach towards social, environmental and economical sustainability
•
Use of contextural traditional style of architecture for space creation
•
Concious designing taking in consideration of topography of site
•
Seemless transition between nature, builenvironment and uman interation.
Location
•
Swan Yoga retreat was built in 2010 “Yoga Association of Bihar” to promote knowledege of yoga and ayurveda. The design of the retreat is extremely modest where bamboo and mud walls are primrary used entities.
Chillout space
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Housing
•
Housing
Plinth is made of concrete and later mud plastered. Entire structure is load bearing with wall made of bricks plastered with mud. The entire feel of the space is rustic. The walls are half mud plastered and rest area above the height is bamboo walling. This gives certain lightness to the visuals of the structure.
Shop of the retreat
Housing Courtyard
Swan retreat ayurveda area
Juice bar
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Swan retreat meditation area
•
There are 2 spaces allocated for yoga and meditation. One is meditation main hall and seconf is hawan area. Hawan area is usually occupied during evenings for mantra chants.
•
Ayurveda center includes doctor’s consultation room. As this retreat also offers Panchkarma treatment with is customized for every person based on their health and diet.Every individual who arrives at this retreat for a spa treament usually has a doctor check up after which customized plan is created of that individual in coordination with core fixed schedule of the retreat.
Swan retreat hawan area
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Ayurveda treatemnt center Main yoga and mediatation room
staff housing clusters
Housing for main director and guru
Chillout space
Fake beach Juice bar
Shop
Housing clusters for guests
Kitchen and dining Organic farm and hawan area Water tank
Admin and reception
Contours
Parking
Main entrance
Swan retreat schematic Plan
Thached roof
Bamboo weave wals Mud plastered walls and plinth Swan retreat structure
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Social Experiencial spaces between housing
Housing unit 1 personal space
Housing unit 2
Swan retreat housing spaces
Yoga/Meditation hall open from all sides connecting to nature Swan retreat yoga spaces
Admin Kitchen/Dinning Organic farms Guest housing clusters
Yoga/Meditation spaces and Ayurveda spaces are arranged as far as from spaces which may cause external disturbances.
Social space
Staff housing 1
Ayurveda treatement
Social spaces are main provided on plans of the the contours to give more ease in circulation.
Staff housing 2
Yoga/meditation Swan retreat layout
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8.1.3 Matrimandir, Auroville , India Matrimandir is a medition center persent in Auroville. It is said to be the soul of Auroville.
Reasons to choose this case study: •
Wholesome experience with concious and successfully derived multisensorial experiencial architecture
•
Uses concepts derived from Sri Aurobindo’s teachings and philosophies.
•
Seemless transition between nature, built environment and human interation.
Location
•
The Mother of Sri Aurobindo Ashram conceived this temple and communicated her thoughts to architect Roger Anger who translated it into a design. The scheme, which covers an area of 9 hectares, comprises the main temple, an amphitheater and gardens.
Auroville matrimandir
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Matrimandir section
•
The temple consists of a meditation chamber which is enveloped by a flattened sphere. The form of the structure symbolically represents a cosmic egg. The chamber is located in the upper hemisphere with its floor positioned at the widest point of the shell. A processional path runs all around the spacious chamber.
•
The meditation chamber is dodecagonal in plan and has a conical roof. Its walls are clad in white marble and the floor is covered with white carpet. A pair of spiral ramps provides access to the chamber.
•
A crystal globe has been placed at the centre of the meditation chamber as focal point of attention, and a heliostat has been designed to direct the sun rays onto this globe. This is the only illumination for the meditation chamber.
Matrimandir pathways to meditation area
Matrimandir meditation area
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Semi open meditation space
•
The heliostat has a mirror which rotates in consonance with the movement of the earth so that the sunlight is reflected constantly at the same angle. When the sun is not shining, artificial lighting is used to simulate the effect of natural light.
•
The super structure is supported by four pairs of 38-metre-long sickle-shaped piers which are the principal load-bearing components. These piers were named by the Mother as Mahakali, Maheshwari, Mahalakshmi and Mahasaraswati, symbolising strength, wisdom, harmony and perfection respectively.
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8.2 Literature Review 8.2.1 Earthquake resistant Architecture |IIT Kanpur, UttarPradesh,GSDMA Introduction
behaviour
design
analysis
Schematic understanding
Controlling the damage and sequence of injury in numerous structural components is that the main focus of earthquake-resistant style. Interrelationships between analysis, design, and behavior confirm the unstable performance of a building. These inter-relationships exist in design of buildings for different loading actions conjointly. Analysis and style each influence the earthquake behaviour of buildings. Understanding unstable behaviour is feasible solely through appropriate analyses
The four virtures of earthquake resistant buildings There are four aspects of buildings that are considered to create the earthquake-resistant design of a building, •
seismic structural configuration
•
lateral stiffness
•
lateral strength
•
ductility
1. A good seismal configuration, with no selections of discipline type of the building that’s prejudicial to good earthquake performance which doesn’t introduce newer complexities within the building behaviour than what the earthquake is already imposing; 2. Minimum lateral stiffness is to be applied in every arrange directions (uniformly distributed in plan on directions of the building), in order that there’s no discomfort to occupants of the building and no injury to contents of the building; 3. Minimum lateral strength is to be applied in every arrange directions (uniformly distributed in each plan directions of the building), to resist low intensity ground shaking with no injury, and not too sturdy to stay the value of construction in restraint, together with a minimum vertical strength to be ready to still support the gravity load and thereby stop collapse underneath sturdy earthquake shaking; and 4. Overall ductility is to be applied to accommodate the obligatory lateral deformation between the bottom and also the roof of the building, together with the required mechanism of behaviour at final stage. Behaviour of buildings during earthquakes depend critically on these four virtues. Even if any one of these is not ensured, the performance of the building is expected to be poor. Types of seismic Moments
X- axis moment
Y- axis moment
Torsinal moment
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Factors affecting Earthquake resistant building Earthquake resistance of buildings depend on the distribution of mass and stiffness along the building (in all directions). Some major trends related to natural periods of buildings of regular geometries are •
Natural periods of buildings reduce with increase in stiffness.
•
Natural periods of buildings increase with increase in mass.
•
Taller buildings have larger fundamental translational natural periods.
•
Buildings tend to oscillate in the directions in which they are most flexible and have larger translational natural periods.
•
Natural periods of buildings depend on amount and extent of spatial distribution of unreinforced masonry infill walls.
India Earthquake Zone Map 2017
India Earthquake Zoning
Seismic structural configuration The generation of forces based on basic oscillatory motion and final transfer of force through the foundation are significantly influenced by overall geometry of the building, which includes: (a) plan shape, (b) plan aspect ratio, and (c) slenderness ratio of the building. Plan Shape Buildings with former set up forms have direct load ways for transferring seismal inertia forces to its base, whereas those with latter setup form necessitate indirect load ways that end in stress concentrations at points wherever load paths bend. Buildings with hogged and straightforward setup geometries are most popular, as a result of they demonstrate superior seismal performance than those with complicated geometries.
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Seismic forces
Seismic forces
deformation Complex shapes undergo unacceptable seismic behaviour
Simpler shapes undergo acceptable seismic behaviour
Complex shapes undergo deformation due to uneven distribution
Optimal Plan Shape
Plan Aspect Ratio It is most popular to distribute this lateral inertia force to varied lateral load resisting systems in proportion to their lateral load resisting capacities. this is often achieved once the ground slabs don’t deform an excessive amount of in their own (horizontal) plane. This condition, once floor block helps in distributing the inertia force to completely different lateral load resisting systems in proportion to their stiffness, is understood as rigid diaphragm action. However, the inertia force is distributed supported tributary space once floor slabs deform in their plane. This results in overloading of members with less capability and so inflicting undue injury to buildings. Floor slabs in buildings with giant arrange ratio (>4) might not offer rigid diaphragm action. most stable
Not stable
fairly stable
Plans of a building without seismic joints
Seismic forces
More the size of cut-out more is a possibility of Seismic deformation
C
D
Plans with greater length with respect to width may cause severe deformation
A - Most stable B - Fairly stable B A
C - Less stabel than B,More stable D D- Least stable than A,B,C
For a better Seisimic response footprint should be equally increased with the height. Hence higher the Slenderness ratio higher is the chance of Seismic failure. Hence we see A to be most stable and D to be least stable Plan aspect ratio
Structural Systems and Components Moment-frame is that the most ordinarily used lateral load resisting structural system, alternative structural systems are normally used like structural walls, frame-wall system, and braced-frame system. Moment Frame Systems They resist lateral hundreds through axial forces, bending moment and shear force generated in each beams and columns. Beam and column sections ought to be designed as underreinforced sections, and thereby, is expected to endure ductile behaviour; brittle shear failure should be prevented through capability style procedures. whereas deciding the structural configuration of the building, predominant flexural behaviour in beams and columns ought to be expedited. this may be achieved by exploitation comparatively long frame members; short beams and columns attract massive forces and are prone to fail in a very brittle manner.
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Diagonal bracing
V bracing A - Braced moment frames
B -Moment frames with structural walls
Beams and columns are called as the moment frames. Only geometry of moment frames is highly susceptible to deformation. A and B could be possible solutions.
Global bracing
Cross bracing
Chevron bracing
K bracing
Bracings
Structural Wall-Frame Systems Earthquake resistant buildings ought to possess, a minimum of a minimum lateral stiffness, so they are doing no swing an excessive amount of throughout tiny levels of shaking. Moment frame buildings might not be ready to provide this continually. When lateral displacement is giant in an exceedingly building with moment frames solely, structural walls, typically ordinarily referred to as shear walls, may be introduced to assist scale back overall displacement of buildings.Structural walls resist lateral forces through combined axial-flexure-shear action. Also, structural walls facilitate scale back shear and moment demands on beams and columns within the moment frames of the building, once provided along side moment frames as lateral load resisting system. Braced Frame structures The structural system consists of moment frames with specific bays given braces throughout the peak of the building. Braces are provided in each arrange directions such no twisting is elicited within the building due to unsymmetrical stiffness in plan. Braces facilitate in reducing overall lateral displacement of buildings, and in reducing bending moment and shear force demands on beams and columns in buildings. The earthquake force is transferred as axial tensile and compressive force within the brace members. Mass Asymmetry in Plan It is a typical apply to own water tanks at roof high. However sometimes, water tanks with giant mass of water are placed at corners of buildings. This affects the distribution of mass in set up, a minimum of at the roof level. This spatial property in mass in set up causes twisting of buildings throughout earthquake shaking thanks to mate of center of mass and center of rigidity. Multi-storeyed tall buildings typically have service floors with serious mass compared to regular floors. This causes fast amendment or spatial property in mass on the elevation of buildings. With increase in mass in one story, there’s increase in inertia force generated in this story. If the proportion distinction is tiny of amendment in mass compared to the overall mass of the building, the impact of the mass irregularity is tiny on the mode form in regular buildings. The distinction becomes pronounced if the difference is large; the difference in response is specific throughout nonlinear response of such buildings below sturdy earthquake shaking.
Failures in design •
Mass Asymmetry in Plan/Elevation
•
Irregular framing
•
Obstructed load path
•
Open or Flexible Storey in Buildings
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Heavy structural entity asymmetrically placed on the plan Heavy storey
Asymmetry in Plan
Asymmetry in Elevation
Asymmetry
Irregular framing
Under lateral hundreds, the load transfer takes place through compressive strut action within the infilled masonry portion – this action is somewhat almost like that seen once diagonal compression braces are gift in frames. Hence, modeling of unreinforced masonry infilled frame buildings for structural analysis ought to embrace masonry infills as diagonal compression-only strut members. Stiffness irregularity in elevation causes unwarranted amendment in demands on the structural parts. Also, reduction of lateral stiffness causes increase in displacement demand in storeys with less stiffness, referred to as soft level. Obstruction of load path Buildings with rectangular plans an straight elevation stand the simplest probability of doing well throughout an earthquake as a result of inertia forces are transferred while not having to bend thanks to the pure mathematics of the building. But, buildings with setbacks and central openings provide geometric constraint to the flow of inertia forces; these inertia force methods have to be compelled to bend before reaching the bottom
A
A
B
Load path from point A to B in Plan
B Load path from point A to B in View
Load path
Plinth and Lintel Beams in Buildings Bands Plinth beams are structural members (beams) that cut back the effective length of ground level column which are typically longer than those within the higher storeys. As a result, the stiffness of the bottom level columns is altered by the addition of support beams. The deformation demand on the building while not support beam is essentially focused at the bottom level level due to low lateral stiffness of the longer columns; this is often reduced considerably by the addition of plinth beam. Hence plinth beams are to be made stronger. Lintel beams introduce native deformation restraint at locations, after they frame into columns. the amount of restraint depends on the relative stiffness of the beam beam and therefore the column. With increase in beam size, deformation restraint offered will increase, and therefore the column region between the beam and roof beam exhibits short column result. Comparison of shear demand obligatory, thanks to same lateral load, on the columns of the benchmark building while not and with beam of assorted sizes (100, two hundred and 300mm) . The shear demand obligatory on columns will increase with increase in size of beam. Amplification of shear demand on columns thanks to presence of huge lintels could cause brittle shear failure of columns.
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Lintel Beam
Plinth Beam
Both lintel and Plinth beam are to be made stronger with larger amount of reinforcement. Lintel Beam however should be greater in depth for strength but should not be heavier than column on which it supports Beams
Building on Slopes Buildings are created on slopes in hill regions. Typical options of those buildings embrace columns of unequal lengths on the slope, and lack of correct foundation well embedded into the soil beneath to produce adequate translational fixity below lateral earthquake shaking. 2 basic styles of fixity conditions are achieved reckoning on construction sort and native soil/rock strata; one that gives full translational and move restraints, and also the different that don’t offer an equivalent. Lack of translational and move fixity happens because of slope subsidence significantly throughout sturdy earthquake shaking. Actual degree of fixity (translational and rotational) varies.
Building AFixed foundation
Building BRoller foundation
Type of foundation depends on soil consitions. Building A with fixed columns are ususally used for hard starta soil while roller foundation for loamy soil. Slope design
Seperation Joints The seperation gap is to be provided between them should be such that the two units do not pound on each other. Usually, 30-40mm is gap provided, without actually calculating the separation required from seismic considerations. .Two adjacent buildings or parts of a building should be separated with this designed gap. These cases are when: (1) Buildings have alphabetic plan shapes; they could be separated at the junctions of the different wings that meet each other from different directions, (2) Two parts of a building are of different heights; the two parts tend to swing differentially, (3) Buildings rest on two different soil masses that differ in their flexibility; the different soil strata make the two parts oscillate differentially under the same shaking, and (4) Buildings have two different masses within it; they need to be separated at the junction.
Inference This book covers important aspects of Earthquake resilient design. The redevelopement site proposed to be intervened is placed in Uttarakhand which lies in Zone 5 area. Zone 5 being the most readily affected with maximum mgnitude.Hence studying about Earthquake resilient design is inevitible.
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8.2.2 Hill- Site development- Planning,Design and Construction | Ir. Gue See Sew, Ir. Tan Yean Chin
Site Location and Visual Impact •
The development mustn’t be on top of forty five metres above the mountain base, or within the case of slopes facing the ocean, forty five metres on top of Mean water level.
•
Building profiles mustn’t visually break the ridge line of the slope, particularly once seen from necessary vantage points and buildings mustn’t be designed on the crest of slopes. The incline ought to act as a backyard to the buildings. Height limitation of development on mountain slopes
Seaward facing
Inland facing
Scree Slopes
Limit of developement
Slope >4%
45 m
Mean Sea level
Limit of developement
45 m
Scree Slopes
Plateau
Slope <4% Restricting new building to within this area will protect the views of units at a higher level
Protection of View
Slope developement
•
Care ought to be taken to guard the dwellings, each on top of and below any new development. The unit spacing ought to be such views of the natural landscape are preserved.
•
Buildings and structures ought to be set back way enough from ridges and drop-off melt the mass of building as viewed from off the site
Slope view
•
The mountain or slope ought to act because the backcloth to the building. This is often much more desirable to having the building projecting out. If the building or structure will break the plane of the natural backyard, it ought to be designed to mimic the natural lines of the mountains and hillsides Existing and new vegetation should be placed to melt the mass of building as viewed from off the site
Set buildings back from the edge of ridges and cliffs
Slope building aspect
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•
Buildings ought to be placed way enough apart to reveal views of the mountain and therefore the natural improved backcloth from different buildings and descent
Building extensively distinguished obstructing the view
Building broken into smaller units merging with natural vegetation
Slope building aspect 2
•
Buildings sited to maximise views at the expense of natural vegetation ought to be resisted Buildings mustn’t seem excessively distinguished or obtrusive.
•
Buildings ought to be planned to reinforce a site’s natural options. The form, mass, profile and bailiwick options ought to be designed to mix with the natural piece of land and preserve the undulating profile of the slopes. Multi story buildings on or about to ridge lines ought to be avoided and on all sites lower profile buildings should be inspired .
Building are not to overpower the landscape
Building could be scattered in lanscape to merge man made and nature
•
In areas of variable topography, buildings on top of their surroundings are notably distinguished and due thought should incline to distant views and necessary skylines. identical lodging sited at totally different heights and locations will have terribly different impacts on the incline and skyline. allow applications for development on slopes should embrace comfortable info for judgements to be created relating to the satisfactoriness of the development; for example icon montages, elevations over a large space showing the setting of the building still as sections and contours.
Sharp angles and uniform slope banks appear unnatural
Use varied slopes and berms to resemble natural features
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Architectural Form •
The form, massing and bailiwick options of buildings ought to be designed to mix with the natural piece of land and preserve the undulations of the slopes. Roofs ought to be oriented within the direction of the slope and huge gable ends should be avoided
•
Contrasting and varied horizontal and vertical building planes ought to be accustomed produce numerous light-weight, shade, and shadow patterns to cut back perceived bulk. massive expanses of enclose one plane on downhill elevations ought to be avoided
•
The maximum height of buildings mustn’t commonly exceed seven.5m. the most height of a building’s combined elevation mustn’t commonly exceed ten.5m measured from the bottom a part of the building to the very best.
•
The height of the bottom finished floor(s) of a structure, excluding basements, mustn’t be over one.2m on top of existing grade to make sure buildings follow slopes.
Building is perpendicular to contours
Building is parallel with the contours Slope building aspect 5
Building form reflects hillside form and setting: 1. Stepped into the slope 2. Use of natural materials 3. Small roof areas
Slope building aspect 6
Slope building aspect 7
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Infrastructure Highways and utility infrastructure services ought to be of a high normal for developments on steep slopes: Roads should be ordered bent avoid steep grades and will commonly not exceed 1:8 (12.5%))
•
Stormwater should be disposed of inside the plot boundary or to a centralised stormwater soakaway system and will not be allowed to flow to adjacent plots or into road reserves.
•
Special care is required to regulate surface water drain and engineering studies ought to be provided to point out the result that drainage may need on alternative properties. Inadequate drain might trigger land slips.
•
On-site waste material and waste water disposal systems should realize of soil characteristics. the employment of septic tanks might not be attainable, or special styles can be needed, owing to the chance of effluent showing at the surface in land/ properties below the location being developed.
•
Underground utility services and poles mustn’t be placed in made-up ground
•
Water pressure from Central Water Authority facilities ought to be up to reach the higher limits of development on a high slope. A minimum residual pressure of ten metres at property boundary is usually recommended.
•
The provision of water to properties higher than the extent of existing water storage reservoirs, or remote from the prevailing offer network could also be troublesome and/or pricey to realize. Early discussion ought to be command with the Central Water Authority.
12.5 M max
•
10.5m - maximum height of cumulative elevation
7.5 M max
7.5 M max
The maximum height of buildings on sloping sites
The maximum height of the lowest finished floor of a building
Slope building aspect 8
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Pathway through valleys
Water supply tank are not to be placed above habitation
Pathways could be designed along contours and through valleys
Water supply tankcould be placed away from habitation to avoid water flooding
Slope changes should appear as natural as possible Water tanks should be should use countours for the supply which is preferencially should
Inference The site is placed on a contoured terrain. Building on contoured site is tricky compared to flat plains as there are various norms and aspects to be considered. This proceeding paper helps to understand various ways to build on contour site and what aspects to be taken care of to make a sustainable design.
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Conclusion The Spiritual Retreat will combin natural materials, spirited daylight, nutrition, exercise, compassion and relaxation in an exceedingly distinctive experiential disciplinary environment. It exhibits foremost accommodations for the mind, body and soul. The retreat will be a light activated placed on top a lush, carven landscape at Ramgarh Talla, Nainital, India. This place will be regarding nature, light, experience, individualism and benevolence to ones-self and one-another such that it will create a perfect environment for guests to introspect and reconnect to self. Thus, the atmosphere in which they reside should be apt for such functionality for which approch of “Multisensoriality” is prioritized. Understanding of the relationships between people and context, and the way they understand it, I tried to research a tactile, natural and experiential moments for guests find. With a deep-rooted association to nature, the resort invites guests extracting lessons through experiential exploration of the grounds and on the far side. As the funding party of the project is Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust, this spiritual retreat will follow teachings and philosophies of Sri Aurobindo. Inspiration for design will be taken from the conceptual understanding of Sri Aurobindo’s teachings as well as according to the contextual architecture.
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9.1 Design Intent The project looks forward towards constructing a Spiritual and Meditation Retreat on 4 acre site situated at Ramgarh Talla, Uttarakhand. This will a be a destination retreat where every individual can rejuvinate and reconnect with their â&#x20AC;&#x153;coreâ&#x20AC;? ,environment and fellow humans. Through relaxation, yoga,meditation and mindfulness, introspection of external and internal self and relationship with context around us. This architectural intervention would provide any individual with facilities and tools to disassociate themselves from the stress, cleanse body,clear blockages and detach from overstimulates, fast- paced and busy lives. Stimulatory,sensory and expressive experiences would be an approch through which self introspection will be achieved. Retreat will be thoughtfully design using momoents of color,material,light,texture evoking sense of emotion,thought,sensation,realization,etc. teaching us Sincerity, Humility, Gratitude, Perseverance, Aspiration, Receptivity, Progress, Courage, Goodness, Generosity, Equality, Peace. Weather the preference is solidarity or community ,serenity or activity, or just a endeavour to be part of rejuvinating spirit, soul, mind and body this retreat will help individuals to experience it.This retreat will be a place of universal teaching of love,compassion,purpose and connection evoked via stimulation provided by natural and built context, sensory percevance via 5 senses and expressive response provided by the one who experiences it.
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9.2 Concept note The project is spiritual retreat based on Sri Aurobindo’s philosophy. These are 4 basic steps to reach highest level of couscious ‘Supermind’ according to Sri Aurobindo. Starting from mental state of Yoga. To complete every step Sri Aurobindo frequently revisited his conscious by unlocking chakras in body.
The project hence has designed user movement in such fashion that every space is accessed by step after another starting right from Administration office (Root Chakra) till Main Meditation hall (Sahasra Chakra) similar to how every chakra is activated during practicing mindfulness.
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9.3 Zoning of Areas This 10 acre site is situated in Ramgarh Talla, Nainital, Uttarakhand. Considering wind direction and contour lines, structures could be placed along the contour lines avoiding direct cold breezes. Structures would have their sloping roofs (high rainfall zone) and maximum openings facing sun and waterbody view which would also help accessing solar energy and heat.
Considering drainage pattern, pathway is placed centrally and structures placed such that they avoiding the gush of direct water flow from hills behind.
The concept of Sri Aurobindoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s philosophy and chakras are implied in terms of movement pattern through structures via central pathway which would be exclusively pedestrian. Vehicular access would be provided at the periphery of every structure.
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9.4 Planning with Concept
Residential area is centrally located so that every other space can be easily accessed via pedestrian central pathway . This also would limit vehicular use Sri Aurobindo practiced mindfulness by activating every chakra. The project is designed using that as concept. The user movement in such fashion that every space is accessed same as chakra activiation, starting right from Administration office (Root Chakra), Workshop (Sacral chkra), Dining hall and library (Solar Plexus chakra), Residence heart chakra, Spa throat chakra, sub meditation space third eye chakra and finally Main Meditation hall (Sahasra Chakra) at highest level.
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9.5 Area Segregation
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9.6 Final Design
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