Personal Academic Work March, 2012 - May , 2012 Tutor: Associate Prof Zhao Jingsong Tutor's Email:arch_zhao@163.com Location: Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin , China
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Academic Cooperative Work Collaborator: Wei Yu Nov. , 2011-Dec. , 2011 Tutor:Associate Prof Li Zhe Location: Guangyuan , Sichuan , China
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International workshop WSA-TJU Collaborator: Wang Nanjue Dave Rossington Karimah Hassan May , 2011-June , 2011 Tutor: Dr. Cristian Suau suauc@cardiff.ac.uk Associate Prof Yang Wei walker_yang@hotmail.com Dr. Gong Xiaolei gongxiaolei80@126.com Location: Munan Park , Tianjin , China 27
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Tablet Hotel Rethinking Competition Personal Competition Work May , 2012-June , 2012 Tutor: Associate Prof Zhao Jingsong Tutor's Email:arch_zhao@163.com Location: New York , America
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My guild called Paper Guild which is defined as a papermaking workshop who is not mechanized. In addition,
it also contain other parts: market but also the place that handicraftsman process artifacts such as kites, lantern and cartoon characters, and pilgrimage space. To be specific, tourism visit is a place which allow people to know more about papermaking, probably is outdoor space. The operation mode that I defined is not changeless. The product that this guild produce depends on the dates. When the dates is near festivals, it will provide specific things that each festival need.
Nature worship
Handmade papermaking factory
Year 4 personal work Sep , 2013-June , 2014 Tutor: Nannette Jackowski Ricardo de Ostos Location: Sarnath, India
01 Background & Story
The situation of Buddhism in India
India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people.
Site selection
Sarnath and Kushinagar. Sarnath is the end of the pilgrimage, has very important significance as the place of the Buddha first enlightenment. THE BUDDHIST PILGRIMAGE IN INDIA
THE DISTRIBUTION OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF IN THE WORLD
Delhi
Lumbini
Shravasti
Kushinagar Lucknow Vaishali
Sarnath Patna
Roman Catholics Hindus Buddhists Christians from various churches Muslims Protestants Indigenous religions Orthodox Christians No dominant religion
Buddhism is one of the world's three major religions in the world, has wide influence in east Asia and South Asia especially. It originated in India, however, in today's India, Buddhism is almost disappear.
17.4% Roman Catholics 13% Other believers 5.6% Protestants 3.5% Orthodox Christians 2.4% Atheists 6.4% Other Christians 5.9% Buddhists
19.8% Muslims
CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIA 4
HI
SH
B
NEPALI
100% Hindu
SE C ME SA 24%
S BENGALI A GABO C 3%
TI
13%
B 7%
HINDI
20% BENGALI
4%
8% GUJARATI J
C
Sikiim
* Hinduism, found throughout India as the majority religion (over 80% of the population), is not shown State or union territory boundary
Haryana
Across the world and throughout the ages, religious people have made pilgrimages. The Buddha himself exhorted his followers tovisit what are now known as the four great places of pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Sarnath and Kushinagar. Across the world and throughout the ages, religious people have made pilgrimages. Of the many places in northern India associated with the Buddha, eight in particular The Buddha himself exhorted his followers to visit what are now known as the four great places of pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodhgaya, Sarnath and Kushinagar. Many great teachers of the buddhist tradition maintained the practice of pilgrimage and paying respect to the holy sites. Nagarjuna, father of the mahayana, restored the temple in Bodhgaya and protected the bodhi tree, while the great Indian master Atisha, later on as important as Nagarjuna to the Tibetan tradition, also often visited Bodhgaya and indeed attained many realizations there.
Other
Source: Census of India, 2001
Chandigar Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland
Delhi
Uttar Pradsh
LANDMARKS have become special objects of pilgrimage: the four great placesSITE-EXISTING above, and four others, namely, Rajgir, Shravasti, Sankashya and Nalanda, each of which is regarded as having been blessed by the Buddha. After the Buddha's passing away and the cremation of his body, the relics were divided into eight portions and various beings erected a great stupa over each. So arose the tradition of eight places of pilgrimage.
Sarnath is the end of the pilgrimage, has very important significance as the place of the Buddha first enlightenment.
Meghalaya
C
INDIA
Gujarat
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
5
Mizoram
West Bengal
Maharashtra
C
Manipur Tripura
ORIYA 1%
J
MARATHI J
Christian Sikh 0
Punjab
Rajasthan
Muslim
Himachal Pradesh
E
B BHOTIA
Percentage of total state or union territory population
CHINA
Christianity Buddhism Sikhism Jainism
PAKISTAN
BE
J
RM ES
B
15%
7% RAJASTHANI
BU
6%
J
BUDDHIST TOUR IN INDIA
MINORITY RELIGION
C B S J
PAHARI
S 4%
Rajgir
Bodhgaya
CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIA
4% Estimated percent of state or union Jammu territoryand - poprla tion professing Islam Kashmir
I1%
TO -
BI
JA
N PU
AFGHANISTAN
MIR
1% S
BY TRAIN BY ROAD
The language of the only remaining areas where exist Buddism is belongs to Tibeto-Burman.
K DA LA B 66% KA
Nalanda
BY AIR
The amount of diversity in the religious belief systems of India today, is a result of both the existence of many native religions and also, the assimilation and social integration of religions brought to the region by travellers, immigrants, traders, and even invaders and conquerors such as the Mughals. Buddhism is one of the world's three major religions in the world, has wide influence in east Asia and South Asia especially. It originated in India, however, in today's India, Buddhism is almost disappear.
13.3% Hindus
Pawapuri
Varanasi
12.5% Agnostics
Majority of population comprised of:
Orissa TELUGU 8%
KA
J
Dadra and Nagar Haveli Goa, Daman, Diu
11%
A
AD
NN
C
C
Karnataka
AM AY
YL MA
C
Pondicherry
Andhra Pradesh TAMIL
C 20%
5%
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
C
LANGUAGES AND MIMORITY RELIGIONS
Lakshadweep After the decline of Buddhism in India, people who believe buddhism were banished to India's northeast and the northwest where near the boundary line. These areaa are all belong to the tibeto - burman language and Buddhism has been deveploped into Tibetan Buddhism. In the hinterland of India, Buddhism is almost completely disappeared.
0 0
3 THE DISTRIBUTION OF RELIGIONS IN INDIA
400 Kilometers 400 Miles
India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion still plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. Religion in India is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. India is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. According to the 2001 census, 80.5% of the population of India practise Hinduism. Islam (13.4%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.9%), Buddhism (0.8%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. There are also numerous minor tribal traditions, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity. 2
Religion in India is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. India is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. According to the 2001 census, 80.5% of the population of India practise Hinduism. Islam (13.4%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.9%), Buddhism (0.8%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. There are also numerous minor tribal traditions, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity. DEER PARK
54
ASHOKA PILLA
DHAMEKH STUPA
RELICS
MULAGANDHA KUTI VIHAR SARNATH
8
Timeline of Site
Sarnath is the end of the pilgrimage, has very important significance as the place of the Buddha first enlightenment.
Sarnath as one of the four places of Buddhist pilgrimage which devout followers should visit. The timeline of this area can stands for the history of Buddhism.
Paper research in Sarnath
Through summaring the things that these festivals need, and then find what they have in common. It is the paper. Not only kites but also paper puppet which is burned in Dussehra are made by paper. And Considering the actual situation, most of India is family workshops, so the guild is a workshop instead of paper mill. cooking
Xuanzang recorded in his travel notes that he found 1500 resident monks and many temples and buildings.
beating cleaning PAPER GUILD
He gave his famous first sermon here after he achieved enlightenment at Bodhgaya. The Buddha, dhamma, and sangha gathered for the first time at this place. Thus, Buddhism was created from that time.
During the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E., commerce and cash became increasingly important in an economy previously dominated by selfsufficient production and bartered exchange. Merchants found Buddhist moral and ethical teachings an attractive alternative to the esoteric rituals of the traditional brahmin priesthood, which seemed to cater exclusively to brahmin interests while ignoring those of the new and emerging social classes.
BC 531
BC 260-218
Buddhist proselytism at the time of king Asoka, according to his Edicts. The Maurya empire reached its peak at the time of emperor Ashoka, this heralded a long period of stability under the Buddhist emperor. Asoka established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Sakyamuni Buddha, and according to Buddhist tradition was closely involved in the preservation and transmission of Buddhism.
The Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent was the first great iconoclastic invasion South Asia. The resulting occasional and sporadic destruction of temples did not affect Hinduism, but for Buddhism the destrucion of the stupas has been attributed with a rapid and almost total disappearance from North India.
-
AD 640
AD 1200
Merchants proved to be an efficient vector of the Buddhist faith, as they established hiaspora communities in the string of oasis towns-Merv, Bukhara, Samarkand, Kashgar, Khotan, Kuqa, Turpan, Dunhuang - that served as lifeline of the silk roads through central Asia. The power of the empire was vast - ambassadors were sent to other countries to propagate Buddhism.
AD 1835
It was not rediscovered until 1835 when British archaeologists started excavations and Sarnath regained some of its past glory.
My guild called Paper Gu is not mechanized. In add place that handicraftsman characters, and pilgrima which allow people to k space. The operation mo this guild produce depend When the dates is near festival need. AD 1956
I summarizes the things th in common. It is the pap burned in Dussehra are m most of India is family w mill.
The guild’s target popula Excitability and adaptivit touch upon the relationsh guild.
After the second world war, the Indian Buddhism Renaissance was compelling. In 1956, one of India’s independence movement leader B.R.Ambedkar led thousands of followers changed conversion to Buddhism, to protest against the caste system. The renaissance of Buddhism began in India after several centuries.
pressing papermaking
SITE LOCATION
drying
TIMELINE OF SARNATH AND BUDDHISM
January
WORKSHOP(PAPER PROCESSING) December
February
SITE
November
March
Makar Sankranti is a harvest festival, celebrated in January with great rejoice.
sarnath
October
April In the following month that is in February people celebrate Holi, the festival of colours is celebrated with smearing colour on each other faces and savouring traditional sweets.
Dussehra is celebrated in the month of October-November. This festval signifies the victory of good over evil. Triumph of Lord Rama over the demon Ravana is celebrated on Dussehra and is followed by Diwali, the festival of lights that is celebrated in November.
May
September
August
Another prominent festival in Sarnath is Chhath Puja that is celebrated in March and November. Devotees worship the Sun God, during this significant Hindu festival.
June
13KM
July
ROAD RAILWAY
Sarnath is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. Sarnath is located 13 kilometres north-east of Varanasi, in Uttar Pradesh, India. Singhpur, a village one km away from the site, was the birthplace of Shreyansanath, the eleventh Tirthankara of Jainism, and a temple dedicated to him, is an important pilgrimage site. Isipatana is mentioned by the Buddha as one of the four places of pilgrimage which his devout followers should visit, if they wanted to visit a place for that reason. It was also the site of the Buddha's Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, which was his first teaching after attaining enlightenment, in which he taught the four noble truths and the teachings associated with it.
7
Buddhism descends from ancient India, and then quickly spread to other countries. However, Buddhism is almost extinct in India from 12 century. It is all because religious conflicts. I want to search for someway which could alleviate the problem of religious conflicts. As we all know, India is a country with hundreds of religion, and religious conflicts in India has become a very serious social problem in peoples’ life. What I do is to seek a chance to reunite the person of different beliefs. Under a particular condition, everyone can feel happy and do something together. That is festival. In the month of April-May, Buddha Purnima is celebrated to commemorate the birth of Lord Buddha. A large fair is organised on the accasion of Buddha Purnima and prayers, lectures, recitation of Buddhist scriptures are some of the significant religious activities performed during the festival.
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MAIN FESTIVAL IN SARNATH
PROJECT BRIEF
PROJECT BRIEF This project is a workshop on handmade papermaking, which is located opposite the main entrance of Sarnath Ruins Park. Sarnath is 13 km away from Varanasi. Visitors usually starts the tour from varanasi in the morning and back before night. Since Sarnath only have the Heritage Park, museums and some temples around, visitors are mostly Buddhist devotees for pilgrimage.
02 Project brief
This project is a workshop on handmade papermaking, which is located opposite the main entrance of Sarnath Ruins Park. Sarnath is 13 km away from Varanasi. Visitors usually starts the tour from varanasi in the morning and back before night. Since Sarnath only have the Heritage Park, museums and some temples around, visitors are mostly Buddhist devotees for pilgrimage.
The pilgrimage route is usually walking along the park's famous attractions, and stops in Dhamek Stupa Tower, the tallest building around at this moment. Sometimes there will be monks to approach things. Turn counterclockwise along the tower, and finally you’ll see people sitting here meditation, feeling the spiritual birthplace of Buddhism and experiencing the real conveys naive state of Buddhism. There is no smoking, no belfry, nor Buddha statues, only quiet and humble. What I want to do is to define the project as part of the pilgrimage. People inside the park at the site is mainly to realize Buddhist thought, while this workshop provide possibility for disciple to do something. Buddhist practice is divided into many ways, not just precepts, chanting and meditation, in fact, life is Padipata.
The pilgrimage route is usually walking along the park's famous attractions, and stops in Dhamek Stupa Tower, the tallest The first step of disciple forbuilding bathing is to walkaround into the building,at which this moment. Sometimes there will be monks is called Ramadan. Participation in the papermaking process itself is a practice. After experiencingto a meditation space, the second step-beat Turn counterclockwise along the tower, approach things. pulp is to be continued. The third part is the salvage of paper (lifting), and finally you’ll see people sitting here meditation, feeling implies a causal relationship here in Buddhist teachings. Each person makes the paper form their own style. Then people can get a print of the spiritual birthplace of Buddhism and experiencing the real Buddhist made from paper by themselves. Because it takes time for drying paper, so they haveconveys two options to collect it, mail state or by next of Buddhism. There is no smoking, no belfry, naive pilgrimage. nor Buddha statues, only quiet and humble.
PILGRIMAGE PILGRIMAGE ROUTE This approach ofROUTE the workshop is to rely on volunteers. Workers may
be locals, monks of the temple, or from disciple all over the world. Papermaking process itself is a spiritual practice. In the festive season, open space in front of the building can provide a gathering place for everyone to celebrate. The output of paper products can also be processed into kites, dolls (puppet) or light, which are essential for the Indian festival.
DEER PARK
DEER PARK
ASHOKA PILLAASHOKA PILLA
What I want to do is to define the project as part of the pilgrimage. People inside the park at the site is mainly to realize Buddhist thought, while this workshop provide possibility for disciple to do something. Buddhist practice is divided into many 12 ways, not just precepts, chanting and meditation, in fact, life is Padipata.
PILGRIMAGE ROUTE
DEER PARK
RELICS
The first step of disciple for bathing is to walk into the building, which is called Ramadan. Participation in the papermaking process itself is a practice. After experiencing a meditation space, the second step-beat pulp is to be continued. The third part is the salvage of paper (lifting), implies a causal relationship here in Buddhist teachings. Each person makes the paper form their own style. Then people can get a print of Buddhist made from paper by themselves. Because it takes time for drying paper, so they have two options to collect it, mail or by next pilgrimage.
RELICS
ASHOKA PILLA
DHAMEKH STUPA DHAMEKH STUPA
KUTI VIHAR SARNATH MULAGANDHAMULAGANDHA KUTI VIHAR SARNATH
RELICS
DHAMEKH STUPA
MEDITATION MEDITATION MEDITATION
MULAGANDHA KUTI VIHAR SARNATH
This approach of the workshop is to rely on volunteers. Workers may be locals, monks of the temple, or from disciple all over the world. Papermaking process itself is a spiritual practice. In the festive season, open space in front of the building can provide a gathering place for everyone to celebrate. The output of paper products can also be processed into kites, dolls (puppet) or light, which are essential for the Indian festival.
FASTING
FASTING FASTING PENANCE
PENANCE PENANCE CAUSALITY
CAUSALITY CAUSALITY
SCRIPTURE 13 SCRIPTURE SCRIPTURE
13
56
13
Paper making India has always been a tradition especially in the north. The abundance 03 inProcess of papermaking of local fiber such as banana, pineapple, pandanus, and many others, naturally makes paper making a viable Since these fibers would justbeen go to waste when they rot, it makes Paperbusiness. making in India has always a tradition especially sense to utilize them into handmade paper. in the north. The abundance of local fiber such as banana, pineapple, pandanus, and many others, naturally makes paper making a viable business. Since these fibers would just go to waste when they rot, it makes sense to utilize them into handmade paper. Sorting And Cutting: Cotton rags are sorted to remove dirty cloth pieces, synthetic fibers rags arepieces sorted to remove cloth Sorting And Cutting: and non-textile material. Then theyCotton are cut into small either by usingdirty the traditional pieces, synthetic fibers and non-textile material. Then they are cut sickles/knives or electrically operated shredders. into small pieces either by using the traditional sickles/knives or electrically operated shredders. Beating & Pulping: Then the rawThen material washed with a mild detergentwith and beaten theis raw material is washed a mildinto Beating & Pulping: pulp in a Hollander beater. detergent and beaten into pulp in a Hollander beater. beaten mixed with water in sunken vats.dips Thehis Lifting: Lifting: The beatenThe pulp is mixedpulp withiswater in sunken vats. The paper maker paper maker dips his mould and deckle (it looks just like a sieve in mould and deckle (it looks just like a sieve in a frame) into the vats. When the mould is a frame) into the vats. When the mould is lifted out of the water, lifted out of the water, a layer of evenly spread out pulp settles on it. The sheet of paper has a layer of evenly spread out pulp settles on it. The sheet of paper taken its form! has taken its form. Each wet sheet released onto a fine cloth. Pressing: Pressing: Each wet sheet is released onto aisfine muslin cloth. Once theremuslin is a bundle of wet there is apieces, bundle of wetbysheets withpress interleaved cloth sheets withOnce interleaved cloth it is pressed a hydraulic to squeeze out a least pieces, it isofpressed by a hydraulic press to squeeze out a least half the water content the wet sheets. half the water content of the wet sheets. sheets are then separated and in left dry naturally in Drying: Drying: The sheets The are then separated and left to dry naturally theto shade. After the sheets theareshade. After the are dry, they from the are dry, they peeled off from thesheets pieces of cloth and go toare the peeled first stageoff of quality check of cloth and go to the first stage of quality check for colour for colour pieces and weight. and weight. After pastethe Sizing: Sizing: After sorting, the sorting, sheets arethe handsheets coated are with hand a pastecoated of starch.with This a prevents starch.and This prevents the paper from blottingpermanence and givesand it the paper fromofblotting gives it the characteristics of erasability, a long characteristics of erasability, permanence and a long shelf life. shelf life. Calendering & Cutting: To smoothen the surface of the paper, it Calendering & Cutting: To smoothen the surface paper, it is then calendered. This is then calendered. This means thatofit the is interleaved between zinc means thatcoated it is interleaved zinc coated sheets passed to andmechanical fro under heavy sheets between and passed to and froand under heavy mechanical pressure.Not Not only only does does this it italso adds a gloss to the pressure. this improve improveitsitstexture, texture, also adds a gloss handmadeto paper. the handmade paper.
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GOUND FLOOR PLAN
A
12 10
9
B 8
11
B
7
6
5
5
1
2 4 3
1. Tea house 2. Storage and steeping 3. Entrance for worker 4. Changing room 5. Sorting 6. Beating 7. Lifting 8. Pressing 9. Drying 10. Sizing 11. Exhibition for paper products 12. Entrance
A
N
1. Tea house 2. Storage and steeping 3. Entrance for worker 4. Changing room 5. Sorting 6. Beating 7. Lifting 8. Pressing 9. Drying 10. Sizing 11. Exhibition for paper products 12. Entrance
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
BATHING
GROUND FLOOR 1:150
29
NORTHWEST ELEVATION
SOUTHWEST ELEVATION
NORTHWEST ELEVATION 1: 200
SECTION A-A
SECTION B-B
SOUTHWEST
LIFTING (VISITOR)
TERRACE LIFTING (VISITOR)
COURTYARD
BEATING (VISITOR)
MEDITATION MEDITATION SPACE SPACE
PRINTING
35
SECTION B-B 1:100 SECTION A-A 1:100
OPEN SPACE LIFTING (WORKER)
COURTYARD BEATING (WORKER)
ENTRANCE (WORKER)
COURTYARD
32
PAPER PRODUCTS FOR FESTIVAL
LIFTING (WORKER)
DRYING (OUTDOOR)
1. Entrance (visitor) 2. Lifting (visitor) 3. Beating (visitor) 4. Lifting 5. Yard 6. Printing 7. Storage and steeping 8. Entrance (worker)
04 Material analysis
MATERIAL
Timber board
louver roof
Door
Colour fade
Floor
Colour fade
Colour fade
Upper Panel sale plate
Timber is the main material used for the interior for its quality as a living and natural material which gives a sense of growth. It’s unique and evocative natural grain allows people to read it subjectively. Timber is the main material used for the interior for its quality as a living and natural material Walnut timber is mostly used for the internal wall cladding, floor finishes which gives a sense of growth. It’s unique and evocative natural grain allows people to read it and fixed furniture. It is selected for its fine grain and dark intense subjectively.
Head Binder
brown colour, hich will fade with the time passed. Another reason is its
Walnut timber resistance, is mostly used for the internal cladding, floor finishes and fixed furniture. It corrosion because thewallenvironment of papermaking sometimes is selected for its fine grain and dark intense brown colour, hich will fade with the time passed. is humid, the corrosion esistance is very important. Walnut is a Another reason is its corrosion resistance, because the environment of papermaking sometimes durable timber with a good performance in exposed positions. the is humid, the corrosion esistance is very important. Walnut is a durable timber with aTherefore, good performance in exposed positions. Therefore, should the intentions the timberappearance should be of natural intentions is that the timber be isofthatnatural and able to appearance and able to weather wherever applicable, as “weathering should not be regarded as a weather wherever applicable, as “weathering should not be regarded as a problem, but rather a natural process”.
Floor Joist
Southern yellow pine timber
problem, but rather a natural process”.
Southern yellow pine timber is used for the structural frame . As a structural material, its high density provide yellow a great design ficiency and load for bearing connections and Southern pine timber is transfer used capacity for the structural frame bracing system connections.
. As a structural material, its high density provide a great design ficiency and load transfer capacity for bearing connections and bracing system connections. 61
CLOSED CLADDINGS DETAIL
05 Construction details ROOF CLADDINGS
ROOF CLADDINGS
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
TIMBER FRAME
Timber cladding Timber bations Waterproofing Plywood Insulation Timber frame structure Moisture barrier Plaster board
TIMBER FRAME
CONCRETE STRIP FOUNDATION
Plasterboard and skim Services void OSB for racking, vapour control and airtightness Timber column Insulation wood fibre sheathing Drained and ventilated cavity Horizontal weatherboarding fixed to battens
CONCRETE STRIP FOUNDATION
FACADE CLADDINGS
CLOSED CLADDINGS DETAIL
62
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
OSB for racking, vapour control and airtightness
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
timber column
Plywood acts as a diaphragm
Insulation wood fibre sheathing
TIMBER FRAME
300-350
Drained and ventilated cavity
600 300-350
500
600
750
FLOOR GENERARY 300-350MM DEEP TIMBER JOISTS @ 600 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 6M 400-450 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 8M ROOF GENERARY 250-300MM DEEP TIMBER JOISTS @ 600 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 6M 300-350 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 8M FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
Horizontal weatherboarding fixed to battens
FLOOR CONCRETEGENERARY STRIP 300-350MM DEEP FOUNDATION TIMBER JOISTS @ 600 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 6M
Column
400-450 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 8M
Metal angles with bolts Anchor bolts
ROOF GENERARY 250-300MM DEEP TIMBER JOISTS @ 600 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 6M
Bearing plate Foundation
300-350 MM FOR SPANS UP TO 8M FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
FACADE CLADDINGS FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION 63
50
SOLID TIMBER CLADDING A SOLID TIMBER CLADDING AND RO
05 Three types of cladding and roof proposed
EDACAF ELBAEVOM
FOOR DNA GNIDDALC FO SEPYT 3 DESOPORP 2) SOLID TIMBER CLADDING AND ROOF 2) SOLID TIMBER CLADDING AND ROOF
5.1.1 Moveable facade
5.2 Solid timber cladding and roof
EDACAF ELBAEVOM )1
It offers excellent ventilation in the building where needs wind.
.dniw sdeen erehw gnidliub eht ni noitalitnev tnellecxe sreffo tI
TIMBER CLADDING TIMBER CLADDING
WATERPROOFING WATERPROOFING
TIMBER BATIONS TIMBER BATIONS
TIMBER CLADDING TIMBER CLADDING TIMBER BATIONS TIMBER BATIONS WATERPROOFING WATERPROOFING PLYWOOD PLYWOOD INSULATION INSULATION TIMBER FRAME STRUCTU TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE MOISTURE BARRIER MOISTURE BARRIER PLASTER BOARD PLASTER BOARD
MOISTURE BARRIER MOISTURE BARRIER MOVEABLE ROOF
PLASTER BOARD PLASTER BOARD
INSULATION INSULATION
OPEN CLADDING
WIND
1) MOVEABLE ROOF 34
PLYWOOD PLYWOOD
TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE
Roof is moveable due to the wind to control the light.
5.1.2 Moveable roof
5.3.1 Open cladding
Roof is moveable due to the wind to control the light.
3) OPEN CLADDING
MOVEABLE ROOF
WINDOW
SUNLIGHT
WIND
TIMBER PANEL ROTATING 1) MOVEABLE ROOF Roof is moveable due to the wind to control the light.
TIMBER PANEL ROTATING
FIXED LOUVRES
CORNER PIECES CANNOT ROTATE TIMBER FRAME
SOLID WALL
STRUCTURE STRATEGY CORNER PIECES CANNOT ROTATE TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE STRATEGY
44 44
64 46
ENVIR
OOF
06 Environmental strategy
1) THERMAL STRATEGY
ENVIRONME 3) SOLAR SHADING AND LIGHTING
2) VENTICATION
1) THERMAL STRATEGY 2) VENTICATION Building is contoured environment. Floor, walls and roofs are insulated to provide a Openable windows, walls and roofs for ventilation. protected environment.
5.3.2 Open roof
3) SOLAR SHADING AND LIGHTING Louvres in front of glass facades help prevent solar
6.1 Thermal strategy
Allow the sunlight come in both in moring and afternoon
Openable windows, walls and roofs forroofs ventilation.are insulated to Building is contoured environment. Floor, walls and Insulating Layer in Ground Floor provide a protected environment.
Building is contoured environment. Floor, walls and roofs are insulated to provide a protected environment. OPEN ROOF
3) OPEN ROOF
Lighting: Daylight + Artificial light
Louvres in front of glass facades help prevent solar gain and p Lighting: Daylight + Artificial light
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY
ALLOW THE SUNLIGHT COME IN BOTH IN MORNING AND AFTERNOON
1) THERMAL STRATEGY
2) VENTICATION
3) SOLAR SHADING AND LIGHTING
Building is contoured environment. Floor, walls and roofs are insulated to provide a protected environment.
Openable windows, walls and roofs for ventilation. Insulating Layer in Ground Floor
Insulating Layer in Ground Floor
Insulating Layer in First Floor
Louvres in front of glass facades help prevent solar gain and provide shading. in Plan Insulating Layer in FirstVentication Floor Lighting: Daylight + Artificial light
6.2 Ventication
Insulating Layer in Ground Floor
Openable windows, walls and roofs for ventilation.
Ventication in Plan ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY
OPEN ROOF DETAIL 1) THERMAL STRATEGY
2) VENTICATION
3) SOLAR SHADING AND LIGHTING
Building is contoured environment. Floor, walls and roofs are insulated to provide a 47 protected environment.
Openable windows, walls and roofs for ventilation.
Louvres in front of glass facades help prevent solar gain and provide shading. Lighting: Daylight + Artificial light
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY Insulating Layer in First Floor
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1) THERMAL STRATEGY
2) VENTICATION Insulating Layer in Ground Floor
Building is contoured environment. Floor, walls and roofs are insulated to provide a protected environment.
3) SOLAR SHADING AND LIGHTING Ventication in Plan Insulating Layer in First Floor Ventication in Plan Louvres in front of glass facades help prevent solar gain and provide shading.
Louvres in front of glass facades help prevent solar gain and provide shading. Insulating Layer in Ground Floor Ventication in Plan Lighting: Daylight + Artificial light Lighting: Daylight + Artificial light
Insulating Layer in First Floor
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Ventication in Section
6.3 Solar shading and lighting
Openable windows, walls and roofs for ventilation.
Insulating Layer in First Floor
The Angle of the grating change with the secondary structure Insulating Layer in Ground Floor
Ventication in Section
Ventication in Section
Ventication in Plan
Ventication in Section
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Ventication in Section
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SHADOW ANALYSIS
5o 15o
MOVEABLE ROOF
10o
20o 25o
NICKING ETCHING PIERCED
Explain the moveable roof whose panel's angle changed gradually, and with Indian scripture on it. The others panel is to explore put several lines in one panel.
Explore differen
EXPLAIN THE MOVEABLE ROOF WHOSE PANEL'S ANGLE CHANGED GRADUALLY, AND WITH INDIAN SCRIPTURE ON IT. THE OTHERS PANEL IS TO EXPLORE PUT SEVERAL LINES IN ONE PANEL.
EXPLORE DIFFERENT SIZE OF SCRIPTURE
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3 LAY
YERS
SHADOW ANALYSIS
3MM 12MM
6MM 15MM
9MM 18MM
2 LAYERS
1 LAYER
nt size of scripture and different material form different shadow. They are changed in thickness, layers of paper and possing thchnics.
Illumination test of transparent material
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E AND DIFFERENT MATERIAL FORM DIFFERENT SHADOW. THEY ARE CHANED IN THICKNESS, LAYERS OF PAPER AND POSSING THCHNICS.
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Atmosphere changed with the change of sun's altitude.
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Atmosphere changed with the change of sun's altitude in one day
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T t
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The material of roof is transparent, when the sunshine projected onto the sunface of roof from the different height, the ground will present a different skin texture projection.
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INTERIOR PERFORMANCE
LIFTING FOR VISITORS
Lifting for visitors
SHADOW ANALYSIS
INTERIOR PERFORMANCE 80
SHADOW ANALYSIS
The terrace's shadow at 2:00pm on the June 21th THE TERRACE'S SHADOW AT 2:00PM ON THE JUNE 21TH. 67
BUMPING FOR VISITORS
Bumping for visitors
HOW THE ROOF FORM SHADOW AND TO GET SIMULATION OF SHADOW CHANGED BY THE SUN.
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Translation Crisis of confidence is derived from the lack of transparency in
information. Therefore, information transparency became the tipping point of my project. Agriculture is also used as a tool, to realize information transparency in architectural language. Information transparency is the key point in this project. The project is a giant information processor itself. This building can reflect the terminal data in Havana and can be seen from all over the city. Through this method, abstract data has been transformed into architectural language, realizing data visualization. The information include: the counter result of the national farmland and personal farmland(the quantity distribution, area and people who work for them), and the food production in Havana.
Meaning of Design A variable space has been created to interact with different conditions of politics, economics and culture in city. Its change is not reflected in a single variable which could be individual income or food-provision chain. It is a manifestation of a series of chain reactions: when it goes up, it will result in people’s discontentment, then, the government should strengthen the control, and people appeal to democracy and fairness. At this time, it represents an economic downturn and political chaos. Thus, the project is actually an expression of the social status of the city.
Reflector of intangible society The guildhall garden
Year 5 personal work Sep , 2014-June , 2015 Tutor: Nannette Jackowski Ricardo de Ostos Location: Havana, Cuba
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104087
of the people by the people
patios and parcelas in havana
for the people 1990
of the neigh-
35950000
borhood by the neighborhood
The official motto of the urban agriculture movement replaced “the people” with “the neighborhood.”
m2
for the neighborhood
2002
1996
350000000 Animal husbandry
Cultivating crops
m2
Ministry of Agriculture census door sign displaying the urban agriculture slogan
In 1991, the first “civilian” organoponico in Havana was put into operation in a two-acre, empty lot at the corner of Forty-Fourth Street and Fifth Avenue.
NOW
It is in the municipality of Playa, in the district of Miramar, amid embassies and old mansions inhabited by diplomats, Cuban celebrities, and high government functionaries, head of the National Institute of State Reserves (INRE).
The high-yield organoponic garden: a large lot of approximately one hectare with rows of raised container beds and drip irrigation used for growing a wide array of vegetables and herbs, including lettuce, spinach, and radishes.
Since then, the organoponico has become one of the mainstays of vegetable cultivation in Cuban urban agriculture. Santa Fe, a small beach community on the western edge of Havana, grew to be one of the leading farming neighborhoods in Havana.
By 1995, there were 915 small farms and gardens with 400 gardeners working on them.
After many visits and interviews in Santa Fe and other successful communities, Urban Agriculture was declared a national priority and was supported by the highest authorities in the country.
Government agencies feel threatened, policies were introduced to restrain its development.
N Plaza Organiponico
Santa Fe (first community farm in Havana)
the Development of Urban Agriculture in Havana
the Development of Urban Agriculture in Havana 75
Havana harbor, 1858 Havana was only the old city in 1858. The green part was farmland at that time and it became a main track of the following urban development. 0
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1/2
3/4
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Havana harbor, 1901
0
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3/4
Along with the process of the encroachment of the city, the agricultural belt has disappeared and was replaced by neat urban context. An artery runs alongside the sea and up against the contours of Havana's landscape. Havana is distinguished by Old Havana and Central Havana until then.
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Farmland in Havana in 1956
0 KM
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This diagram shows the development of the city between 1591 and 1958. The city extended around Old Havana and formed the current landscape. As we can see from the diagram, the agriculture only existed in the rural area in 1958.
a an av fH yo Ba
Martires Park
Ch an ne lE ntr an ce
con ale M
Site (Guildhall of populace)
Old Havana
Political Centre
Capital Building (Government)
Havana Port
N
Railway Station
Site and City The site links the farmland in Havana togather. They effect each other and the change of farmland will be presented on the site. This guildhall of populace is opposite to the government. Their echoed locations suggest a nonadversarial relationship. Guildhall of Populace is the outcome of freedom and democracy, it against dictatorial, useless and even wasteful political propaganda.
Location of Site in Old Havana The site is located in the north area of Havana, facing the sea. It is the northern top of the political belt. There is a park along the sea to the north of the site so the it has a perfect view. Prado Street is to the west of the site and it is a walking street throughout the old city.
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Started being installed in armed forces facilities
RESULT
Fertilizers
20 Organoponico
Pesticides
19.1 Hectares
Biological fertilizers Biological and cultural pest control techniques
915 small farms and gardens 400 gardeners
Santa Fe Community
Collapse of the Soviet Union
Someone had carried out successful experiments growing vegetables without using petrochemicals.
430 Intensive gardens
250 Hectares
165 Hectares
+21 Organoponico
221 Intensive gardens
7944 Parcelas
+15 Hectares
8726 Hectares
1030 Hectares
MINAG (Ministry of Agriculture) redefined the urban land use rights to make it easy for locals to gain land.
Blockade of the American
POLITICAL EVENTS
1613 Organoponico
The first “civilian” Organoponico in Havana was put into operation
Castro had suggested the desirability of generalizing this method of cultivation.
The city’s Urban Agriculture Department has been found
The MINAG coordinated a comprehensive network with some agents based on the experience of some successful cases to help the gardens.
State-owned farm
350 Self-provisioning Gardens 9784 Hectares
Small-scale farm
TIMELINE 1985
1987
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1996
2000
2002
2005
2006
2010
2015
State-owned farm (Organoponico,State Enterprises) Small-scale farm (Micro-gardens, Patios, Parcelas,Intensive Cultivation Gardens,Self-provisioning Gardens)
DISTRIBUTION NUMBER OF EACH TYPE
Many political policies had great effects on urban agriculture during its process. This drawing shows agriculture developed from first grassroots movement to general public movement during the past 20 years. During the process, some of the government's move have lost the confidence of its people. For special performance, in the fight between the national farmland and personal farmland, their quatity and distribution changed, the quatity of the national farmland reached its peak in 1996. But the data presented that personal farmland was more alive and it showed great advantage until 2006. 78
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Vine Plant Support
Plant Pot
Roof garden surface
Water Pump Reinforcing Mesh Irrigation System Reinforcing Mesh
Water storage Roof Structure
the “mountain� surface
Hanging garden
Current data Mash the permanent blocks Stair to roof Stair to roof
the permanent blocks
Stair to roof hanging area
Existing wall
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Ground Floor Plan
Roof Plan
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Interior Space (Conference Centre)
Interior Space (Market Space)
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接秀山房
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Sir John Soane Sir John Soane Sir John Soane
Section of Sir John Soane's Museum Section of Sir John Soane's Museum
Research about representing Sir John Soane's Museum This project will focus on the material presence in architectural elements and analyse selected rooms, and then focus on utilising digital techniques animating and complex 3d modelling and texturing the selected room. In order to form a response to a catalogue of non-standard materials in relation to architectural site conditions and fabrication methods. 106
Section of Sir John Soane's Museum The museum overtakes Soane's former home, three adjacent townhouses that were rebuilt in successive phases between 1792 and 1824. The structure became a sort of narrative of Soane's life— expressed through his vast collection of architectural antiquities—as well as a testing ground for experimental details like attened domes and top-lit halls. Although there's very little furniture, there Sir John Soane's Museum John Soane's Museumphases between 1792 and 1824. The structure became a sort of narrative of The overtakes Soane's former home, this three adjacent townhouses thatSirwere rebuilt inart, successive is museum nothing empty about room. It's filled with books, sculptures andTheartifacts. Soane was The museum overtakes Soane's threeofadjacent townhouses that were rebuilt successive phases 1792 details and 1824. structure a sorthalls. of narrative of Soane's life—expressed throughformer his vasthome, collection architectural antiquities—as well as in a testing ground forbetween experimental like flattened domesbecame and top-lit Although Soane's vast collection ofkind architectural antiquities—as well as a sculptures testing for experimental details domes and top-lit halls. Although there's verylife—expressed little furniture, there ishis nothing empty this room. It's filled with art, books, and artifacts. Soane was interested in fragments, in a kind ofcreating collaging together interested in through fragments, in aabout of collaging together ofground different pieces of like hisflattened life. Consider there's very little furniture, there ispieces nothing about thiscreating room. It's filled with sculptures andbyartifacts. Soane interestedcollected in fragments, a kind of collaging together of different of hisempty life. Consider a narrative of art, his books, own life experiences displaying art was or mementos duringintravels. a narrative hisof his own life experiences byofdisplaying art or mementos collected travels. of differentof pieces life. Consider creating a narrative his own life experiences by displaying art or mementos collectedduring during travels.
New Students' Room
Dome
Yard
Colonnade
Breakfast Room
Dressing Room
Hall Little Study
Picture Room
Yard
Plan of the ground floor of Nos 12,13&14 Lincoln’s Inn Fields as existing about the year 1822
Dining Room Library
Scuttle (yellow glass)
Plan of the ground floor of Nos 12,13&14 Lincoln’s Inn Fields at present Plan of the ground floor of Nos 12,13&14 Lincoln’s Inn Fields as existing about the year 1837
Clerestory (yellow glass)
Dome (yellow plaster)
No. 13
Painting (paper)
No. 14
Convex Mirror (mirror)
Bookcase, table and cabinet (mirror) Fireplace (green marble)
Wall (yellow plaster)
Section and plan of Sir John Soane Museum’s Breakfast parlor
Elements and Display in Sir John Soane Museum's Breakfast Parlor This drawing shows the location of the breakfast parlor in this musuum and the relationship with the adjacent space. The exploded view demonstrates the existing things in this room and their elements.
The plan and section of Sir John Soane Museum’s breakfast parlor
The plan and section of Sir John Soane Museum’s breakfast parlor The John Soane house comprises three narrow, vertical townhouses which were renovated with a new floor plan. From the dining-room-library at the front of the house one passes through a succession of small rooms aglow with lanterns and reflecting mirrors and miniature antiques ranging from marble fragments brought back from Imperial Roman villas to German bronze statuettes of the early 17th-century.
The John Soane house comprises three narrow, vertical townhouses which were renovated with a new floor plan. From the dining-room-library at the front of the house one passes through a succession of small rooms aglow with lanterns and reflecting mirrors and miniature antiques ranging from marble fragments brought back from Imperial Roman villas to German bronze statuettes of the early 17th-century. 107
Furniture
Daylighting
Skylight in the Sir John Soane Museum
plaster
wood
paper
Texture: soft Temperature: normal temperature Property: absorption(moisture), heat retaining
marble
Mirror in Breakfast Parlor
Mirror in other room
glass
mirror
Textrue: hard Temperature: cold Property: reflected(light), congeal(water)
Mirror in the Sir John Soane Museum
Light sources of Sir John Soane Museum’s breakfast parlor
Light analysis of Sir John Soane Museum’s breakfast parlor In addition to natural lighting, perhaps one of the most striking features of the Soane Museum is the utter multitude of mirrors, many convex, that populate the corners, niches, and walls. These mirrors have a multiplicity of pragmatic, phenomenal, and allegorical readings. They first and foremost act as reflectors and refractors of light, bringing illumination to otherwise dark corners of the museum. Many, particularly the convex mirrors, serve to aggregate an overwhelmingly large numbers of fragmented objects within a single picture frame, engendering both a simplified composition and a new understanding through intensified juxtaposition. And they act as devices of reflection, where they both reflect the actual spatiality of a room to create distorted and illusory space, and acts as metaphoric devices of reflective thought.
Light sources of breakroom are the side clerestory, the octagonal clerestory and the window.
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Material catelogue of Sir John Soane Museum's Breakfast Parlor
Time tunnel
Morphologic Change of Wax and Degree Deepening of Water Erosion as Time Pass By
Connect domestic space and ruins space, it should have rich and interesting space experience and lighting effects 109
Material Performance Test
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(A) glossiness (20%), colour(white), luminousness(5%) (B) glossiness(60%), colour(white), luminousness(5%) (C) glossiness(100%), colour(transparent),luminousness(100%)
Water Flow Simulation
This diagram shows the simulation of water flow. Assume the water is on the vertex Semicircular dome, then it race down the dome wa and form a hemispherical context in a quite a long time under the synergy of the gravity and the adsorption of the wall. From the t view, we can see the water flow changes from point to plane.
all top
Water Flow Simulation
3D Print
The water flow would form water erosion on the surface of wax
We can see pore structure and the light and shadow change under different light by 3D printed model 111
Wax Performance Test
Type A
When Solid ice meet the liquid wax, the ice turns into the water momentary while the melted wax solidifies at the same time. It is the transfer of the quantity of heat that realize this substitution.
Wax Performance Test
Wa
Type A (spatial pattern)
Melted wax float on cold water
Wax Performance Test 112
Type B
Change the size of ice will get a different structure
Wax Performance Test
Wax Performance Test
Wax Performance Test
Type C
Type D
Type E
Structure ( Change the direction and the size of the force )
Put melted wax at the bottom of the cold water, because the density of wax is smaller than water, it will go up when meet water, therefore, form the tube structure
r with a force will form space and pattern by folding
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