LANDSCAPE REDUX reimagining Santa Monica Airport
HISTORY OF BALLONA CREEK WATERSHED
1902 - Ballona Wetlands and Ballona Lake
Ballona Creek Watershed
Existing Condition
Habitat Classification Alkali Flat Alkali Meadow Beach Dune Open Water Perennial Freshwater pond Salt flat/Tidal flat Salt marsh/ Tidal marsh Valley freshwater marsh Vernal pool Wet meadow Willow thicket Totals
1825
Unique Wetlands 5 21 2 8 8 8 15 20 35 15 24 13 174
Acres 1284 5273 159 187 96 110 423 1240 1356 260 3336 425 14149
1850-1890
Tidal Channel
Historic habitats of Ballona Creek Waterdshed
The Los Angeles River floods and cuts a new channel directly south to San Pedro. The new landscape is better drained and drier.
Upland
Salt Marsh
Ballona Creek
Salt Pan
EXISTING HABITATS
pre-1770
1930-present
1850-1930
1770-1847
Development of the Ballona Creek Watershed
HISTORY OF SMO The Douglas DC-3. first produced in 1936 as a passenger plane for American Airlines, was the workhorse civilian airliner. The DC-3 popularized air travel. By 1939, more than 90 % of the nation’s airline passengers were flying on DC-2s and DC-3s.
The Douglas DC-6B was one of the last propeller-driven aircraft produced by Douglas Aircraft Company beginning in 1951.
1959 - Douglas developed the DC-8 to compete with Boeing’s 707.
2000 - 2002 - The economy booms, the FAA approves fractional (shared) ownership of jets, and the Airport fleet continues to evolve with total jet operations increasing to about 30 to 40 per day.
SAWTELLE 2000 - 35,844 2008 - 38,698 2.69 sq. miles SANTA MONICA 2000 - 84,084 2010 - 89, 736 8.57 sq. miles
SMO
1929
1940
1965
present
MAR VISTA 2000 - 35,492 2008 - 37,447 2.9 sq. miles
VENICE 2000 - 37,705 2008 - 40,885 3.17 sq. miles
(Top Left) Pioneer women aviators participate in the first Powder Puff Derby, taking off from Santa Monica and flying to Cleveland, Ohio, where the race ends one week later. Amelia Earhart, Pancho Barnes, and 18 other participants bring international attention to women aviators and to Santa Monica. (Bottom Left) 1924 - Douglas Aircraft and Clover Field gain fame when Douglas World Cruiser biplanes are the first aircraft to circumnavigate the globe.
1941 - 1944 - During World War II, Douglas Aircraft becomes a major defense contractor, employing up to 44,000 workers who work three shifts, seven days a week. This
The first civilian jets arrive at the Airport as the decade begins. They
are “pure jets”, about 10 times louder (and more polluting) than present-day fan jets. The noise impacts upon
economic engine transforms the City as thousands
of new homes are built for the Douglas workers.
neighborhoods adjacent to the Airport are very significant.
Mid-1990’s - With the booming economy, new development on the Westside, and the advent of fractional ownership of aircraft, jet
operations increase from about 5 to 6 per day to around 15 per day. Larger, faster jets in Categories C and D constitute an increasing percentage of jet operations. 1997 - Construction of the Airport Park begins.
1929 - The land directly east of the air field is used for crop farming.
2007 - The 7 1/2 acre Airport Park is dedicated. It includes soccer fields, a dog park, and new landscaping and hardscape around the park.
WATER + ECONOMICS
LA County Water Demand
LA County Water Sources
Non-metered uses 7%, Retail replenishment 6%, Seawater Barrier 2%
12 % LA aqueduct 43% ground + surface + recycled
Commercial, Industrial, Institutional 24%
45% WMD Imported Single family residential 43%
multi-family residential 18%
Santa Monica Basin and Subbasins
LA City Water Demand
LA City Water Sources
# of wells | LOCATION 2 Arcadia Subbasin 3 Olympic Subbasin 5 Charnock Subbasin
Non-metered uses 8% Commercial, Industrial, Institutional 29%
54% WMD Imported
multi-family residential 38%
34% LA Aqueduct multi-family residential 25%
13% ground +recycled
Santa Monica Water Demand
Santa Monica Water Sources
Commercial/Institutional 28%
50% WMD Imported
Single family residential 24 %
multi-family residential 48%
50-70% groundwater + recycled
IMPORTED WATER SOURCES
Forecast of Total Regional Economic Losses from Water Supply Disruptions to the Los Angeles County Economy
Colorado River Aqueduct and State Water Project
SITE DEVELOPMENT
=
+
2. Gradient - Framework
1. Extraction
3. Hybridize
2. Gradient - Figure
1. Extraction
3. Hybridize
3. Hybridize
HISTORY natural habitat
H Y D RO LO GY EC O N O M Y water management
green corridor
9-hole par 3 golf course
observation hills
recreational field
aviation
production
selfsustainment
GRASSLAND
DUNES
DETENTION BASINS
tunnel entrance
RUNWAY
water treatment facility + educational center clubhouse museum expansion
Observation hills Entrance to Clover Park Water treatment facility
tunnel to Penmar Golf Club
1:200 golf clubhouse
pedestrian bridge
existing art gallery
Museum of Flying Expansion / Entrance from Airport Park
HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.
1:50 Entrance into the Museum of Flying
1:50
HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS.
Bridge leading to the Water Treatment Facility
Detention basins collect stormwater and dry weather runoff and direct it to the Penmar Water Quality Improvement Project. 1:50
Cercis Occidentalis Ceanothus ‘Concha’ Arbutus Unedo
Achillea filipendulina Encelia californica
Epilobium canum
Bouteloua dactyloides
Fremontodendron californicum Baccharis salicifolia
L.A. Sewer Lines – Water treatment plant will connect to the Coastal IInterceptor Sewer (CIS) and West Los Angeles Interceptor Sewer (WLAIS). Platanus racemosa
Quercus agrifolia
City of Santa Monica Sewer Lines – Water treatment plant will connect to 443 Palisades Beach Road Interceptor (processes 3 million GPD) and 3110 Main St. Interceptor (11 million GPD).
HISTORY. WATER. ECONOMICS. Eastward view: Foreground – 6th green and 3rd tee box Background – Century City skyline
Circulation connecting three parks
Westward view
A new typology of golf course