Refugio de Barrio Logan by chris gibson

REFUGIO DE BARRIO LOGAN

studio chrysalis

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Studio Financial Sponsors Mode Associates Lake | Flato Design Collaborators Lake | Flato: Ryan Yaden, Adie Hailat, Adam Martin, Allison Peitz, Sam Rusek LPA Design: Silke Frank, Ellie O’ Connor, Krista Scheib, Jamie Intervalo, Matthew Porreca, Matthew Winter Taylor Design: Kevin Hinrichs, Teresa Endres, Marcus Simons, Rachel Hole, Madison Agnew, Shawna Hinrichs Other Reviewers Cal Poly Faculty: Angela Bracco, Ryan Brockett, Andrew Goodwin, Alex Hirsig, Jeff Ponitz, Barry Williams Cal Poly Peers: Alan Guerrero, Joel Foster, Max Heintz, Howard Hayes, Chris Rocha Studio White: Mason Bechtold, Anjali Beekam, Van Doan, Holly Dufek, Cas Espinoza, Kelly Ferris, Juliette Fournier, Gaby Guevara, Isabella Hoffman, Noelani Maylad, Katherine Neuner, Nancy Padilla, Kenzie Pelletier, Rashmi Pradhan, Maya Rosen, Lydia Rosenthal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION CHAPTER 3: SITE UNDERSTANDING CHAPTER 4: CAMPUS MASTER PLAN CHAPTER 5: THE PROJECT CHAPTER 6: REFLECTION BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES

CH1: INTRODUCTION Introduction – Introducing the idea of the studio, research done, overall idea As a class, an overall campus plan was developed for the Cal Western School of Law on the southern edge of downtown San Diego and Barrio Logan. Within the site there are five locations that partner groups could pick from to develop their unique part of the campus, with a focus on fostering connections between the campus and surrounding community. Executive Summary – detailed description of the whole two quarter experience, rather than reading whole book The two-quarter studio experience began with a rigorous research sequence in which the class aimed to better understand the causes of immigration to the US from Central and South America. This included climate studies all the way to crime and violence and elite indifference. This research was integral to the designs as the class used it to inform the needs of the project’s supported communities, taking shape in the individual design proposals. The studio also conducted research on what makes an effective campus, and more specifically, what makes an effective law school campus. This included overall master planning using figure-ground representation in Nolli map precedents, as well as looking at their relationships with their context. To understand how to make use of this information for a design project, research was developed to decide on a preferred campus site location. This was deliberated from four proposed sites ranging from urban to suburban areas in and around San Diego through presentations given to faculty and the studio-affiliated professional firms. After weighing the pros and cons of each site, Barrio Logan was selected as the location for Cal Western’s new law campus. Once the site had been selected, the studio completed research into the area, understanding the various conditions such as the climate, cultural context, proposed and approved master plans, and the local homeless population. The studio then traveled to the site in person to get a feel for what the pedestrian experience was like as well as determining the extents of where the campus will sit within the designated area: a lot between National and Newton Ave. Once the extents of the campus were determined, then began the process of master planning the campus. Considering the local amenities and the aforementioned site conditions; the class zoned areas for student housing, decided on a central plant to supply heating and cooling, and began iterating layouts for the campus in groups. During this process, each student was asked to develop a design with prescribed programs, as well as a Moonshot program; the moonshot is a specialized, often-times aspirational, program which aims to solve a problem of significance. This could take the form of a Sustainable Technology Workshop whose users work to combat the climate related causes of immigration; or a non-denominational worship center, meant to foster community between populations through faith and humility. These individual design submittals were reviewed and critiqued by faculty and professional firms and were iterated on until they could be synthesized with another student’s work to inform the design of the final project. This created groups, who each work together to create a final proposal within the greater campus plan. Our group, Studio Chrysalis, has designed a project including a library, student support spaces, four law clinics, a market, and a Sustainable Technology Workshop. These spaces come together and culminate in a project which serves to educate the users and the public about sustainable technologies and building practices. This can be illustrated through our research and full-scale prototype of a Piezo-electric floor tile, which generates electricity as visitors walk over it. The design follows a culturally sensitive motif taking inspiration from the Mexican serape to pay homage to the local Chicano culture of Barrio Logan. Through several design iterations and critiques from firms and faculty, students arrive at the end of the two-quarter studio with a finished project as well as a scale section model of the library space. Through the reading of this book, aspirations will be explored and explained, and all the hard work will show through. Design Process and Project Phases Winter Quarter Weeks 1-6 – Site Research and Individual Concept Development Winter Quarter Weeks 7-10 – Partner Concept Development Spring Quarter Weeks 1-4 – Schematic Design Refinement Spring Quarter Weeks 5-10 – Project Development

CH2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Chapter 2: Problem Description Legal Education and the Cal Western School of Law

Cal Western School of Law (CWSL) California Western School of Law is currently located in downtown San Diego and is the city’s oldest law school. It was founded in 1924, and currently occupies three buildings on Cedar Street on the northern end of downtown near the I5 freeway. They currently have approximately 670 law students with planned expansion up to 1,000. They are an independent, not for profit, that offer four degree pathways, and are committed to providing a rigorous education to a diverse study body through an emphasis on experiential learning through simulations and community clinics that serve underserved clients in the areas of criminal, immigration, trademark, legal aid, and internet law.

In their new location, the California Western School of Law are hoping to reflect on their school motto, “What Law School Ought to Be.” Rethinking the physical presence of the law school can act as a catalyst in serving the immigrants justice, protection, and upliftment to aim towards a brighter future. The approach to better serving the at-risk communities requires interventions integrating legal education practices and a sense of empathy towards human immigration and civil rights. The Cal Western School of Law is playing a crucial role in serving the evolving communities of San Diego and providing high quality education to shape future lawyers.

Aiming to represent the state’s diverse society, California Western Law School is training ethical, compassionate, and competent future lawyers and hopes to aid the underserved populations. With 41% of the 2021 student being ethnic minorities and 59% women, Cal Western encourages those who face larger battles and aim to better the world around them. Cal Western offers scholarships and grants to students ranging in socioeconomic status, opening the doors to lower income applicants. To foster and encourage diversity, the new site is moving to Barrio Logan, San Diego, a neighborhood whose community faces challenges that students could offer legal advice on. Cal Western prepares its students to focus on immigration law and criminal justice by placing them in clinics located near the school to obtain practical work experience while working towards their degrees. Locating the campus in a community of those who lack legal aid gives students a greater opportunity for creating change.

CH2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Legal Education The educational requirements to practice law in the State of California consists of several processes and academic requirements. While the California Bar Examination is the ultimate milestone to obtaining licensure to be an attorney, the traditional educational requirement entails obtaining a JD (Juris Doctor) degree from law schools registered by the State Bar (California-accredited) or approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). The JD takes three years to complete which follows the pre-legal education of College Level Equivalency Programs Examinations or at least two years of college in any given major. The most typical undergraduate majors choosing this path in California obtain a four-year bachelor’s degree in English, Business, or Political Science. This does not limit other majors to take up the JD program as an academic path to achieving licensure as an attorney. The state bar of California summarizes the following legal education options for eligibility to obtaining licensure -

Three or four years of study at a law school accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) Four years of study at a State Bar-registered, fixed-facility law school Four years of study with a minimum of 864 hours of preparation at a registered unaccredited distance-learning or correspondence law school Four years of study under the supervision of a state judge or attorney Or a combination of these programs

The academic process requires a guided approach with mentorship; from graduate school all the way to becoming a practicing attorney. CWSL offers a variety of courses to cover ground on theoretical knowledge and practical application. Some of the traditional courses are offered based on the year’s curriculum. These are split into three years o o o o -

o o o o o o

First Year curriculum: Foundational year with special emphasis on legal analysis, research, and writing to explore opportunities. The academic year is split into trimesters, some of the courses include Civil Procedure Contracts Legal procedures Torts Second and Third Year Curriculum: The upper-class curriculum includes two important milestones which are the STEPPS program and the Clinical Externship Program. STEPPS includes a client-attorney simulation set up to practice law earlier in the educational years. Some other courses include Constitutional Law I Criminal Procedure I Evidence Legal Scholarship Training Seminar STEPPS Torts II

CWSL also focuses on clinics and assistance programs to provide opportunities for externships, and simulation-based learning. The pro-bono programs excel in bridging the gap between the academic world and real time problems. Trial law is another essential part of the program to practice communication and real time delivery of arguments. Some of the Clinical Programs include o o o o

Access to Law Initiative Competitive Advocacy Program California Innocence Project Pro Bono and Public Service Honors Program

The ethos of legal practice can be found in academic initiatives that are taken up by the law school to shape lawyers that are rigorous workers, empathetic citizens, through the experience of obtaining a law degree at Cal Western School of Law. Experiential Learning programs such as law clinics, paralegal services, advocacy programs, community law projects etc. Aid in enhancing the legal education aspects that mostly pertain to minimum formal education requirements.

CH2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Mass Migration and Underlaying Causes One of the primary areas that students dedicate time to on this campus are the experiential learning clinics that deal with issues of social justice and give the students an opportunity to interact with real clients. Given the schools focus on immigration related issues, the following research was completed to gain an understanding of the San Diego community and those clients the students would be working with. Research focused on five primary immigration related issues: crime and violence, environmental degradation, poverty and economic opportunity and immunity and elite indifference. Each gave us a basic understanding of why large populations are moving into the US and what needs to be done to create a desirable, welcoming environment.

Asylum Seekers vs. Homicide Rates Country 1800

Measure Names Homicide Rates Per 1..

Rate Of Asylum Seek.. 55

1600

Asylum Seeking Population

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

1400

25 600

Data from "Citizen Security in Latin America." Igarape Institute, (2018).

10 200 5

United States

Chile

Argentina

Panama

Paraguay

Uruguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Honduras

Venezuela

0 Guatemala

Environmental Disasters Country Environmental Disaster- ..

1800

Earthquake Flood

10M

Storm

1600

Wildﬁre

9M 1400

Asylum Seeking Population

1200

1000

800

4M 600 3M 400 2M 200

Argentina

Chile

Paraguay

Panama

Bolivia

Uruguay

Brazil

Peru

Dominican Republic

Costa Rica

Colombia

Guyana

Belize

Mexico

Ecuador

Nicaragua

0M Honduras

Population Displacement 2015-2020

Venezuela

Homicide Rate

400

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

Attention to the mass effects of natural disasters on populations, and the # of people displaced by environmental disasters; categorized by the worst natural disaster in the country Natural disasters have played a significant role in the displacement of large populations There is evidence that many of the countries with the most asylum seekers in the US have also experienced high population displacement from natural disasters

Homicide Rates Per 100,000

30 800

Environmental Degradation -

1000

El Salvador

Comparisons between crime, specifically homicide rate, and rate of asylum seekers (per 100,000) in the countries listed While not definitive, in general countries with higher homicide rates also see more asylum seekers moving to the US

Guatemala

1200

El Salvador

Crime and Violence

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020). Environmental Disasters Data from "Climate Knowledge Portal." The World Bank, (2021).

CH2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Asylum Seekers vs. Poverty Rate Country

Poverty and Economic Opportunity

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020). Poverty Rate

1000

0.5

800

Poverty Rate

0.6

Data from "Poverty Headcount Ration at National Poverty Lines." The World Bank, (2020).

0.4

600

0.3

United States

Chile

Argentina

Uruguay

Paraguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Ecuador

0.0 Nicaragua

0 Honduras

0.1

Venezuela

200

Guatemala

0.2

El Salvador

400

Country Measure Names Infant Mortality Rate

1800 24 1600

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

Asylum Seeking Population

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

1400 18 1200

Infant Mortality Rate

1000

12 800 10 600

8 6

400

4 200 2

United States

Chile

Argentina

Uruguay

Paraguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Costa Rica

Guyana

Belize

Mexico

Ecuador

Nicaragua

0 Honduras

Infant Mortality Rate

Venezuela

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

The identified causes do a respectable job of describing some of the reasons people are seeking asylum in the US, however there is one outlier that sticks out in multiple databases. Brazil features similar numbers to the countries with the most asylum seekers but sends very few people to the US. With a GDP ($1,434.08 Billion) nearly 33% higher than the next closest country in Central and South America, (Mexico, $1,076.16 Billion), Brazil remains appealing to people despite the ongoing issues.

0.7

Asylum Seekers vs. Infant Mortality Rate

Comprehensive Findings -

Asylum Seeking Population

1200

Guatemala

Studied the rates of infant mortality to see if that too was an underlying cause There is a slight trend between infant mortality rate and # of asylum seekers, however some countries with few asylum seekers still see very high infant mortality rates.

0.8 1400

Impunity and Elite Indifference -

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

1600

El Salvador

Poverty rates have been shown to be very high among the countries studied. Some correlation between Poverty/the lack of economic opportunity among countries and asylum seekers can be seen with some countries but not all. Poverty rates are even among the countries studied, but countries with the highest rates of asylum seekers also tend to have higher poverty rates.

Poverty Rate

0.9

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

Measure Names

1800

Data from "Infant Mortality Rate from 2009 to 2019 (in deaths per 1,000 live births)" Statista, (2021).

CH2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Higher Education Every place of higher education has multiple physical and environmental characteristics which make it successful. Finding those common trends in campuses across the country was the first step towards designing a new campus for Cal Western School of Law. Look at schools of diverse sizes and disciplines and consolidating the findings allowed the class to create a strong starting framework to begin master planning. The characteristics of an ideal campus were narrowed down to the following: Community & Safety Integrate the campus with the surrounding community through open design and community-based activities that interact with the general population. Provide transparency at the ground floors to maintain “eyes” on the street. Create access to emergency response stations along campus circulation routes that alert authorities of criminal activity Supply adequate, even lighting throughout campus, including those to academic functions and campus housing.

campus plan | arch353 christian gibson | gaby guevara | kenzie pelletier | maya rosen tr

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AC C E S S I B I L I T Y

infrastructure

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having campus close to resources makes it easier for students to use the university. students should not struggle to have access to food or supplies while at school. incorporating transportation into campus allows students to explore the environment around them.

the idea of proximity + accesibilty as shown here from Stanford University, allows students relative access to the city’s wellness services encouraging students to receive support in areas they may need to be successful in their academic and personal lives

the idea of central heart as shown here from University of Oregon, creates a central place for students to meet up and feel connected to their campus and peers. the central heart has food, classes, study space and outside area for students to use

advisors

mni alu educational

resources

walk ab ili

central heart

Easy access for walkways to create a safe space away from traffic or clear spatial integration of pedestrian walkways within traffic routes. Integrate bike routes throughout campus that tie into the community bike circulation system. Design for varied transit strategies for commuters to/from campus including bus stops and shared car services.

wellness services su

acy arm

LO C AT I O N + PROXIMITY

having an accessible campus makes it welcoming to students, professors and guests. we want a campus to be a place for all people t o u s e a n d b e n e fi t from.

library

travel access

s up

ars

maintena

Accessibility & Transportation -

campus navigation

IT servi

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Organization Increase building density (while maintaining a human scale to provide spaces for students as well as the community) Provide clear and consistent indicators of where important programs are located and how to access them Provide clear pedestrian circulation routes using a consistent visual language and scale to provide a connection between all spaces Provide universal access to make areas easy to traverse for people of all physical types

pol i

public recreational facilities

es caf

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collaboration hubs

foster connections

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orientation programs

stud

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the organization of the campus' facilities can be taken into account to facilitate better circulation. a central hub can connect d i ff e r e n t e d u c a t i o n a l a r e a s throughout the campus. placing amenities in these areas can encourage full use of the campus as well as s o c i a l i z i n g b e t w e e n d i ff e r e n t disciplines.

personal

professional

tec

t cen

reer fa i

s and clin s

business connections s

having spaces that students can both study and relax encourages them to stay on campus. spaces for students to study with peers also creates a stronger community among students.

Campus should include spaces for informal learning such as spaces to study or for student support services in a single location. Provide spaces that can be shared / accessed by the broader community. Should act as multipurpose spaces for students and community members to both enjoy and be able to use as recreational spaces as well. Resources for education should include financial aid, career advisors, access to studying with professionals, and disability resources. Resources should provide functions that help support student success even in the nonacademic side, for example such as a childcare center.

O R G A N I Z AT I O N OF S PAC E S

C R E AT I N G A COMMUNITY

24 hour

Resources

gree n

safety

private

the idea of a collaboration c e nte r, s h ow n h e r e f r o m Tr i n i t y University in San Antonio, allows students to study, work, and brainstorm in a productive and unique environment.

CH2: PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Site Selection The studio researched four potential sites: Chula Vista, Mission Valley, Downtown San Diego, and Logan Heights. Each site was researched in terms of their relevant community boundaries, natural resources, social attributes, people, built environment, and heritage, to determine which location seemed most fitting for a future campus community. This information was aggregated into a single exhibit and presented to the studio partners with voting taking place to determine which location would best serve the institutional needs. Some of the assets and disadvantages of each location are as follows: -

Chula Vista: Chula Vista was an attractive location because of its proximity to the US-Mexico border, making this location convenient for immigrants served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. However, it was ultimately not selected because of its lack of public transportation, which isolated it from other law resources in downtown San Diego. Mission Valley: The Mission Valley proposal incorporated the law school campus into SDSU’s Mission Valley campus expansion. Some advantages to this proposal included that it was well connected to downtown San Diego by public transportation and that it would have access to SDSU student culture. However, it was not selected because it was the furthest away from the US-Mexico border, potentially making it inconvenient for law clients living in Mexico, and because it lacked the existing infrastructure and vibrancy of an existing more downtown site. Downtown San Diego: Downtown San Diego was attractive because it is the current location of the Law School, and students would have access to its social scene, law firms and the San Diego County Superior Court. However, it was narrowly decided against as the density of the buildings required was not considered viable for all uses, as well as its immediate proximity to Interstate 5. Logan Heights: Ultimately, Logan Heights was selected. This is a predominantly Hispanic community, which could make the campus more convenient and approachable to Hispanic individuals served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. Additionally, it is the closest location to downtown San Diego and has access to public transportation. Moving forwards, the studio deemed this area’s relatively high crime rate and large unhoused population as matters that required careful attention.

Photograph Caption

Photograph © Steve Hall. “Poetry Foundation / John Ronan Architects.” December 7, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed September 14, 2020. http://archdaily. com/189339/poetry-foundation-john-ronan-architects/

CH3: SITE UNDERSTANDING Contextual Understanding Population -

The total population of Logan Heights is 58,408, with around a 5% population increase annually.

Community Context -

The initial neighborhood of Barrio Logan grew due to the development of a US Naval Base in 1898 in San Diego. Later, the creation of a major commercial seaport and the railroads also provided a housing boom in the area. This brought many diverse groups to the area, including African Americans, Japanese Americans, Filipino-Americans, and Italian Americans. However, the spirit of the community today, known as the “Logan Heights Experience” (aka The Heights, Logan, La Logan, Barrio Logan, etc.) is due to the migration of the Mexican families which began around 1900. They came from all parts of Mexico, including Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Michoacan, Zacatecas, etc. The population growth of Mexican families would continue up to the 1950s. In 1956, the placement of Interstate 5 and the deliberate changes in zoning patterns (from primarily residential to mixed-use industrial) devastated Logan Heights by removing economic viability and decreasing property values. The Coronado Bridge, which connects the 5 to Coronado Island, is built over the heart of Barrio Logan, and serves as a roof over residents’ heads that blocks their view and access to natural lighting. In both aspects, Logan Heights residents felt uninformed and unable to voice objections or opinions on the expansion of San Diego, and to this day, families still feel a deep sense of loss. However, in the late 1960s, the residents of Logan Heights came together to oppose the construction of a sub-station under the San-Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge by the California Highway Patrol. Through incredible will and commitment, the land was turned over to the community and later became Chicano Park. The community’s tenacity, spirit, and determination to preserve Barrio Logan as a vibrant, culturally rich, and united community continues today and can be seen in their Barrio Logan Community Plan.

Demographic Distribution -

San Diego has a distinctive cultural identity from Hispanic populations from over sixty years. Historically, the area became prominent from industrial jobs, and there was a significant increase in San Diego’s Mexican population due to the 1910 Mexican Revolution. Alongside the prevalent Hispanic and Latino population, 42% of San Diego’s residents are white, 16% are Asian residents, and Black or African American residents make up 5% of the population. The median age is around 26.8 years. Overall, the culturally vibrant community consists mostly of local families that need a catalyst to revitalize the sense of physical connection that drives socio-economic and employment growth.

CH3: SITE UNDERSTANDING Poverty -

In Logan Heights, the annual median income varies with an average income of $52,944. The total median income lies below the average at $40,310, primarily belonging to demographics under 25 and over 65. The total working population of Logan Heights consists of 51,093 people, 73.9% of which are above the poverty level with an additional 22.9% below the poverty level. The average Barrio Logan household lives on an annual income 45% less than the rest of San Diego.

Air Quality -

San Diego is currently ranked as having the seventh worst ozone pollution in the country. With a median AQI, or Air Quality Index, of 64, this city reports only 73 days of good air quality throughout the year while the remaining 292 days record air quality that is moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups.

Insolation -

Average annual solar radiation value of 6.13 kilowatt hours per square meter per day (kWh/ m2/day)

Water Availability -

The availability of water in Logan Heights is limited due to its lack of precipitation and large population. Annually, it receives approximately 12 inches of rain per year, mostly seeing clear and sunny days. Logan Heights also experiences an average humidity of 69% per year with the most humid month being July and the driest being January. Given its context in southern California, Logan Heights and the rest of San Diego rely on imported water from northern California or the Colorado River through the 242-mile-long Colorado River Aqueduct. Still, Logan Heights and San Diego produce 10% of their own drinking water through the desalination of ocean water.

Climatic Desirability -

Most desirable in the country with coastal winds keeping the temperature in or below the comfort zone for 10 months out of the year, only reaching higher temperatures during the afternoon in August and September.

CH3: SITE UNDERSTANDING Land Use -

Barrio Logan is organized in a manner that prioritizes its residential and commercial communities. In the Barrio Logan Community Plan, the commercial and residential zones are the heart of the community and are framed by major streets and key sight lines. The development of these zones is driven by multi-family development, but are restricted by the large, industrialized zones. Near the waterfront, land is reserved for heavy industrial and military development, primarily the San Diego Naval Base. The industrial and military development of the land has forced awkward circumstances on the existing community as some residents find themselves living next door to a boat building yard. This shows a relative disregard for the existing community present before the industrial development. Additionally, the proximity of the Naval Base has sparked development that further imposes on the Barrio Logan Community such as a need for naval lodging. Barrio Logan has been forced to adapt and integrate these waterfront industrial conditions.

Transportation -

The site is located adjacent to the I-5 and the Coronado Bridge, making it a hub for vehicle transportation. The trolley runs along the northern edge of the site, and bus and bicycle lanes run through it. There are anticipated road improvements to enhance mobility and connectivity in the community such as the Draft Mobility Element that is meant to make walking, biking, and public transit more attractive in the city, including Barrio Logan. The Draft Mobility Element will work alongside the developing land use of the community to create a more vibrant and accessible neighborhood through the growth of the community’s interconnections.

CH3: SITE UNDERSTANDING Resource Availability -

Logan Heights benefits from coastal air and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The coastal winds can easily be utilized in passive design strategies for individual buildings as well as energy generation for the city as a whole. Offshore wind and hydroelectric farms have great potential in powering the city but have received push back from the city power suppliers like San Diego Gas & Electric Company. SDG&E has substantial investment in the Barrio Logan community, as one of the utility’s major power stations in the San Diego region is in Barrio Logan. This station is identified as the Silvergate substation, located west of Harbor Drive at Sampson Street.

Ecosystem Understanding Soil -

Soil is primarily composed marine and nonmarine, poorly consolidated, fine- and-mediumgrained, pale brown sandstone, which means weak soil conditions Proximity to Rose Canyon fault leads to an earthquake and liquefaction prone area but occupiable

Vegetation -

Intense urbanization means few native plants are present and little landscaping Coastal proximity means future plans to preserve vegetation (algae and marine grasses) in waters and small sea creatures in the area Despite the lack of rainwater, the coastal climate can support many types of succulents, such as the artichoke agave or the Mexican fence post cactus. Various wildflowers can also strive here such as the Arroyo Lupine, the Goodding’s Verbena, the Bush Anemone, and Texas Sundrops. Various types of trees can successfully live in this climate such as the Chaste Tree and Pheonix Mesquite. In the right conditions, San Diego can be quite lush as seen in Fern Canyon in the San Diego Zoo and Balboa Park.

CH3: SITE UNDERSTANDING Wildlife -

110

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Birdlife is the most prominent, almost nonexistent wildlife beyond this Nearest wildlife is 2 miles away Balboa Park: coyotes, deer, and other mammals Six miles south of the community is a habitat for rare/endangered birds 430 bird species in the area, half are seasonal (in San Diego County) Infrastructure and dumping waste have contributed to decreased biodiversity especially in north and central bay of San Diego (location of Barrio Logan is central bay) Oil spills, ship waste, etc. Ocean life includes dolphins, otters, and sea lions, as well as fish and crustaceans but much less diverse

Topography -

The site is effectively flat and continues this way to the bay to the west and south, elevation increases well beyond the site boundary to the north and east. Balboa Park is built on top of a hill while it spreads out into the many canyons that stretch from it.

San Diego has a diurnal swing of about 35 degrees Fahrenheit with a mean temperature of about 65-70 degrees. This puts San Diego in the comfort zone for a major portion of the year Design Strategies that are effective in the climate are internal heat gain and solar direct gain. Sun shading is important as well for higher sun angles. San Diego’s marine wind primarily comes from the northwest.

Climate

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EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY 40

CH4: CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Campus Description and Summary of Functions -

By combining campus life and legal support, the master will look to foster a strong connection between students and the community. Neighboring the site will be mixed-used housing for students and non-students alike

Instructional Spaces -

Classrooms Faculty Offices Research Space

Centers for Community Engagement -

California Western Community Law Project California Innocence Project Latin American Institute of Law and Justice New Media Rights

Institutional Spaces -

Student Recreation and Wellness General Campus Admin Library Student Union Facilities Support

How Might We Goals Community -

How might we reflect global context within local design? Globally, how might we respond to humanitarian issues such as immigration and mass incarceration through quantitative research and qualitative application? Locally, how might we design as “apart” of the community rather than “a part” from it, both visually and spatially? Additionally, how might we create a strong campus environment and identity while still welcoming those in need? How might we design to promote student physical and mental well-being through the organization and development of spaces for both student and community interaction?

Clients -

How might we design to promote student physical and mental well-being through the organization and development of spaces for both student and community interaction?

How might we emphasize the architect’s and law student’s responsibility to serve through building design?

Utilize unique site conditions as well as environmental factors to create a safe and accessible place for learning?

Service

Site

CH4: CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Campus Planning Best Practices Using analysis and review of other universities, the class identified important qualities that exist for a campus plan to be successful and worked to implement them in the studio work. This project seeks to prioritize the experiences of the law students and Latin American immigrants who will predominantly be utilizing these campus spaces. On the other hand, there is also wish to create a transitional experience from the public to private through landscaping features that introduces biophilic design. Furthermore, the qualities and characteristics of a campus plan that are of greatest interest to the project include: (1) responding to environmental and cultural context, (2) implementing transitional spaces, (3) introducing biophilic design, and (4) continuity of design that encourages sense of community. The best practices outlined for the site and project include: -

Biophilic Design Implementation of vegetation – including deciduous trees and shrubs with an emphasis on those that provide food Landscape design that seeks to engage communities Landscape and vegetation that encourages health and wellbeing of project’s users Transitional Spaces Creating transitions within the campus in order to encourage interaction between the different projects on the site, as well as outside the campus in order to facilitate a better coexistence with the surrounding community of Barrio Logan. This is important in order to create distinctions between spaces on campus and maintain an intuitive flow of circulation. These transitional spaces seek to create dynamic buffers within a space to elevate the user’s experience. Sense of Community Creating central nodes or quads that allow for various student or regional communities to cross paths and engage with one another Provide buffer zones for students to study or rest between classes Provide landscape features whilst implementing seating that enables people to sit and engage in conversations Environment and Cultural Context Implement design strategies to address both climatic and cultural site conditions such as the local Chicano and homeless populations Understanding the cultural context of where a project resides and how to contribute in a respectful way Encouraging community engagement with local communities Provide a feeling of enclosure by maintaining human scaled buildings and landscape areas. THE IDEAL CAMPUS PLAN _ GRADUATE LAW SCHOOL holly dufek _ caswell espinoza _ noelani maylad _ nancy padilla EDUCATION & INFRASTRUCTURE

CULTURE & COMMUNITY

ACCESSIBILITY & TRANSPORTATION

SUPPORT SERVICES

•variety of student • campus integrated into • multimodal access •financial aid resources: integrated greater community •bus stops, bike lanes, •career advisors study rooms and academic sidewalks with seating classrooms •references existing •access to professionals social and environmental •shuttle around and to and •mock court rooms contexts from school • childcare •biophilic design within •immersion in historical •ADA compliant •disability resources structures and cultural environment

•sustainable structures

• well lit sidewalks •emergency call boxes •campus police •physical and mental health resources •sense of safety for both students and visitors • important resources such as food or shelter

•daylighting and passive •flexibility and opportunity design for campus growth •multipurpose outdoor learning spaces

HEALTH & SAFETY

•central hub as a gathering space to facilitate student connections

Sasaki’s proposed design for Xinyang University

Virginia Tech Green Links and Infinite Loop use

integrates structures into the terrain and combines

connected paths to enhance community building and

social and academic realms through outdoor

accessible transportation.

education space.

https://www.sasaki.com/projects/virginia-tech-infinite-loop-and-green-links/

https://www.sasaki.com/projects/xinyang-university-south-bay-campus-master-plan/

CH4: CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Campus Comparatives (Nolli Maps)

A Nolli map is a figure ground drawing that aided us in developing the campus plan. These plan drawings help to distinguish private, semi-private, and public places from each other and clearly differentiate space from mass using black and white to represent the area being studied. The use of several Nolli maps helped to inform the flow of spaces on the campus and identify the ideal qualities of a law school campus. Some of the specific campus functional elements the class looked to emulate were determined to be on these nine campuses: Georgetown Law School This school was chosen for its centralization and walkability in the Washington D.C. area. The campus provides its students with living facilities (such as childcare, a fitness center, and housing for 300 students) to support students’ educational excellence. This is in addition to the classrooms, clinic spaces, and an expensive library. The proximity to national buildings and public transportation also encourages immersion into the extracurricular activities that D.C. has to offer. Harvard Law School The campus is comprised of mostly historic buildings with lots of green open space between buildings. The WWC is the hub for all student life which holds common spaces, classrooms, clinics, and dining facilities. Fordham Law School The school’s closeness to the urban setting, along with its inclusion of greenery and proximity to Central Park provides easy access to city activities and nearby law firms. While located in a large, bustling context, the silver LEED certified campus itself contains a smaller plaza within to create a threshold between the campus and the city. Duke University School of Law Students are expected to live off-campus, while the law school features many sheltered outdoor spaces for students to relax and study. Its clinic wing is designed as a separate law office that fosters trust between law students and clients because it offers a space to meet confidentially. Notre Dame Law School This campus creates community through large library reading areas as well as “living rooms” for student and teacher interaction. It utilizes large grassy lawns for social spaces and provides housing for graduate students and their families on campus. New York University Law School The school is a unique campus as it is a series of buildings nestled in the city itself and centered around Washington Square Park. It is very well integrated into the city and fosters experiences in which school and city life intertwine. Stanford Law School The central location of the university primarily gives students access to the mental health services. There are several green spaces available in the form of courtyards for studying and gathering. Its circulation system is also robust as the campus is broken up into four buildings with separate educational functions linked together with shared courtyards. Lewis and Clark Law The ample green spaces on the 20-acre campus function as “living rooms” to encourage community and gathering and are used as outdoor classrooms on occasion. The school is further surrounded by the forests of the state park, giving students access to nature as they make their way through the intensive law curriculum. University of Oregon Law School The buildings on this campus create pockets of public space that are more sheltered than the general public realm and are oriented towards a shared courtyard with other buildings.

CH4: CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Land Use and 3D Model: Academic Neighborhoods, Circulation, Student Life Community Connectivity While the term community most frequently refers to a group of people or a tangible location, the abstract definition spans beyond physical reach. When compiling the campus master plan, reflecting the conceptual community surrounding the site was imperative to the proposal’s success. With a site located in Logan Heights, the master plan was faced with the challenge of being a point of transition to the more urbanized Gaslamp district as well as the lower density community of Barrio Logan. The campus serves as a major threshold between Downtown and the future developments planned for Barrio Logan. The project is based on a series of transition zones that required attention; by focusing on scale, density, and circulation it became possible to propose a seamless shift that melds two communities into one. The Scale -

With Barrio Logan and Downtown in mind, buildings were designed following the idea that the campus alludes to the infrastructure around it. The master plan gradually shifts from five story structures in the southeast corner of the site to a larger scale of up to nine story structures on the northwestern side of the site.

The Density -

Similar to the transition in scale, density played an important role in designing the campus master plan. The lack of accessible public realm was a primary concern in the initial design phase. The proposed campus plan allows for the street condition to adhere to its surrounding context while the site itself remains inviting for members of the surrounding communities to experience and inhabit.

The Circulation -

The selected campus site provides a bridge between varying existing hardscapes, with a goal of maintaining and enhancing the overall ground plane moving forward. Following the requirements defined in the Barrio Logan Plan, all major thoroughfares will consist of sidewalks ranging between ten and fourteen feet accompanied by planting strips and class I and class II bike lanes. ZONING

INDUSTRIAL AVENUE

NA TIO

AV E

FATHER JOES 15th STREET

16th STREET

AV E

15th STREET

14th STREET

NA TIO

INDUSTRIAL AVENUE

14th STREET

INDUSTRIAL AVENUE

COMMERCIAL STREET

AV E

RE 16 th

16 th

AV E

HOUSING + NEIGHBORHOOD

NA TIO

AV E

NA TIO

16th STREET

CIRCULATION

CAMPUS HOUSING + RETAIL + ETC.

NA TI

PROPOSED BIKE

RE E

AV E

TO N

GREENWAYS PUBLIC TRANSIT PROPOSED BIKE

KEEP EXISTING PROPOSED LARGE CROSSWALKS

AV E

* RETAIL ON CORNERS PROPOSED LARGE CROSSWALKS

RE E E

GREENWAYS

HOW MANY 100,000 SQFT BUILDINGS FIT?

PUBLIC TRANSIT

AV E

50% FIGURE GROUND 20,000 SQFT FOOTPRINT

TO N

AV E

NA TI

FOR NATIONAL/NEWTON SECTION OF SITE

HOUSING + RETAIL + ETC.

CH4: CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Campus Resiliency Resiliency refers to a site’s ability to weather adverse conditions (both immediate disasters and long-term stresses) while maintaining a high level of functionality and safety for all its residents. In this era, a primary test of resiliency is a site’s response to the challenges posed by climate change. As a coastal site in a drought and fire-stricken state, the campus will be particularly at-risk. The central concerns include sea-level rise and flooding, increasing temperatures, and decreasing precipitation. Although in the most catastrophic climate scenarios the site may simply become uninhabitable, certain resiliency strategies will ensure its functionality under many circumstances. Some primary strategies are outlined as follows: -

Addressing Sea-Level Rise and Flooding: -

The buildings avoid placing primary or essential functions in below-grade spaces, so that flooding events do not damage or inhibit campus activity in the long-run. Implementation of bioretention swales - Addressing Increasing Temperatures: Reducing urban heat island effect with extensive site vegetation, cool roofs, and rooftop gardens. Increasing tree canopy on street edge and internal campus quad to give community greater access to shade in extreme heat. - Addressing Decreasing Precipitation: Use of building-level water capture and reuse of graywater to reduce strain on municipal water systems. Extensive native-plant landscaping to reduce campus irrigation needs. - Addressing Unreliability of Energy Access: Reducing energy needs (and thus reliance on potentially spotty energy grids) by taking advantage of appropriate building-scale and site-specific passive strategies. Site design with awareness of solar access to increase natural daylighting in each building. Extensive on-site solar generation to reduce loads on city grid and provide an independent energy source.

Many of the measures described here are very physical and architectural. While these may help preserve life and increase physical comfort, the campus also takes measures to address social and communal resiliency. By providing spaces for justice-oriented law education and pro-bono practice, as well as non-academic programs (such as markets, greenhouses, daycares, and more), the campus works towards lifting the community and putting the neighbors in a better situation to recover following a disaster. The conjunction of architectural and social interventions embodied in the campus makes Barrio Logan more resilient in the face of the challenges to come

CH5: THE PROJECT Chapter 5: The Project Project Purpose El Refugio de Barrio Logan is designed to expose the community to cutting edge sustainable practices and give them the tools necessary to make tangible changes. The law clinics are designed to be accessible, but also offer the necessary privacy when discussing sensitive topics, while the library is open and comfortable, allowing students to spend as much time as they need studying for classes and relaxing with friends. At the same time, members of the community will be strongly encouraged to use the spaces to their full benefit, and there are a mix of open tables and couches, as well as more protected, quiet spaces to benefit different individual learning styles. The tech workshop spaces are intended to be a resource to address some of the identified causes to the climate crisis that have forced many refugees to flee to the US from Latin America such as wildfires, flooding, drought, and hurricanes. Project Goals How might we embrace the climate and create thoughtful exterior spaces? How might we facilitate student success while also engaging the community? How might we involve/encourage the community of Barrio Logan to participate in the fight against climate change in their own homes? o We have achieved these goals by creating an activated outdoor courtyard taking advantage of the climate; including the library and technology workshop programs that are open to both the student and surrounding population, encouraging everyone to learn more about and combat climate change.

CH5: THE PROJECT Project Program -

Narrative o Experiential Narratives:  I love my walk to work! My name is Melissa and I’ve been volunteering at the Latin American Institute of Law in the library building on campus. Since I live in the dorms, I often walk to work with my friends as we all cross National St. together, I feel a lot safer this way. I always enter campus through the library building even if I’m not working that day, because first I can run through the market out front super quick to buy lunch for later, and the best part is you enter through this two story entryway; on the left you can see the bottom floor lounge of the library where the cafe is, I always look in to see if my friends are there studying at our usual spot by the planters along the back wall; on the right you can see into the Sustainable Technologies Workshop, they’re always using big power tools working on things from solar panels to wind turbines! But as you continue forward, the ceiling opens to a tall courtyard space, and you can see people walking up on the higher floors. I can see the door to my office up on the 5th floor from here. I love to sit in the courtyard on my breaks because the trees always leave a cool spot to sit underneath. As I travel up the stairs to my office, I see at least a little bit of green space every floor I go up (my coworkers each have their favorite) until I reach my floor. I love my office because the windows face the street. Sometimes when I get here early, I can see my friends walking to school, I always call them to have them look up and wave. So, because of all this I don’t mind coming to work since the building I’m in is so cool. I’m always seconds from nature so when work gets frustrating, I can go out to take a break for a moment, I really wouldn’t want to work anywhere else. - The project’s programs work together to teach the visitors about sustainable technologies through their integration with the workshop on the ground floor. As guests move throughout each program, they will be able to see various technologies designed on site. The library will provide public spaces that support the law clinics and their clients, as well as the broader campus community. 0123ÿ5678ÿ299 ÿ0 9 ÿ ÿ ÿ! "# !$% )" ÿ ) ## ./012134ÿ5ÿ ÿ6 134 7 8 1 3 9 <= >ÿ?@@1 A 6 D/ E3 9 . / 1 ÿG 88 ÿ E H 9 I 8JK 2 ÿG /L A N9O P G Hÿ7 9 ?8 3ÿRS10 =LTÿG /L 9 K 8 ÿ7 2 : V 1 ÿG /L 9 )" ÿ2$((O$ 9$ K @X G 134 9 Y1 D 3 9 . Z 3ÿI 9 13 ÿ 3/ÿK 8L 9 .22 [=LJS 34 9 \$$ # $ S [ L 9 ] H2D 8 9 7 2 D 2ÿ] Hÿ^ 3 <= >ÿ?@@1 C K == [ 1 3ÿG8 : 7 8 1 3 9 2 3 1 3ÿG8 9 N aÿ2(99 # K =1@ 31 ÿ] 2 3ÿK 31 LÿS Eÿ 9 K =1@ 31 ÿc33 3 ÿ 9 S 13ÿ. 1 3ÿc32 1 ÿ @ÿS Eÿ 3/ÿd 2 1 9 Eÿe /1 ÿ714D 2 9 G [ =ÿR.G<T '$ (ÿfg &h 9ÿjÿ9

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CH5: THE PROJECT Performance Goals and Accomplishments Energy Water -

Piezo-electric tiles and high efficiency solar panels designed onsite in the workshop offset the building’s energy usage. EUI is 20.5 Displays are placed around the project to inform visitors about the energy usage statistics

Specialized PEDOT-coated brick façade accelerates condensation and harvests moisture from the San Diego air by using micro-tubular surface textures to trap moisture for drainage down the façade for collection, Wastewater - Ponds on the ground floor utilize aquaponics to filter grey water and water the plantings onsite. Light - High-efficiency fixtures are utilized where natural daylighting does not suffice.

PIEZOELECTRIC FLOOR TILES

CHRISTIAN GIBSON AND NICK GOLDSCHMIDT | STUDIO WHITE | SPRING 2022

When strained, piezoelectric materials, including a variety of crystals and ceramics, release an electric charge. By placing tiles in high activity areas with sustained motion, these tiles can be used to harness energy that is only limited by the number of people moving through a space. As the technology continues to develop, prices will drop and this source of energy will become much more prevalent in public spaces and buildings.

BUILDING AREA 103,017 SF

LIBRARY EXPECTED DAILY VISITORS 4,116 (BASED ON KENNEDY LIBRARY)

BUILDING ENERGY USAGE 658,171 kWh PER YEAR

EXPECTED STEPS PER DAY ON TILES 82,328 (20 STEPS PER VISITOR)

PERCENT OF TOTAL ENERGY USAGE ACHIEVED BY TILES 22.83%

ENERGY OUTPUT 411 kWh PER DAY 150,249 kWh PER YEAR

HALLWAY AREA 400 SF

TARGET BUILDING EUI 21.8 kbtu/ft²/year

COST (345 TILES) $664,125

STEPPING FORCE

TILE ENERGY OUTPUT .005 kWh PER STEP

TOP PLATE

ACTUATING PLUNGER

PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER

BREADBOARD W/ LEDs

Formal Influences -

Performance - Chose to use a courtyard to allow light to penetrate each of the floorplates and take advantage of San Diego’s climate and save energy. - Several breezeways are cut into the windward side of the project to take advantage of natural ventilation Place - The project acts as a gateway into campus for those crossing National Ave from student housing, guiding people through the courtyard into the campus core Programmatic Drivers - The project is split into two masses connected by the courtyard, one half is the library, while the other half supports the workshop, student spaces, and law clinics. - The lower floors feature larger ceiling heights, as they house more public, active spaces

CH5: THE PROJECT Detailed Site Plan and Site Section

CH5: THE PROJECT Furnished Floor Plan(s)

FLOOR 1

FLOOR 2

FLOOR 3

CH5: THE PROJECT

FLOOR 4

FLOOR 5

CH5: THE PROJECT Structural -

Refugio de Barrio Logan’s structural system is steel. This system was chosen to support the long-spanning program spaces such as the technologies workshop and the heavier programs such as the library collections. The span capabilities also allow for a wider column grid for more uninterrupted floor plans. The foundation utilizes friction piles as San Diego’s soil is primarily sandy fill.

Concrete Shear Walls Seismic Gap and Moment Frame

Concrete on Steel Deck W21 Steel Beams W24 Steel Girders

Eccentric Braced Frames

CH5: THE PROJECT Circulation -

Vertical Circulation wraps up and around the courtyard to mimic the blanket motif wrapping throughout the project Circulation up through the project is focused on the courtyard, activating it. Visitors will need to travel through the courtyard in order to reach their destination, encountering peers and friends, stopping to talk or each lunch.

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION VERTICAL CIRCULATION EGRESS

CH5: THE PROJECT

Thermal and Ventilation Systems -

The library portion of the project utilizes a radiant floor cooling system since the occupancy will be more consistent throughout the day. The cooler floor absorbs the heat from the room and allows the cooling to be more efficient due to less energy transfer compared to forced air. The Law and Student portion of the project will use forced air systems as the higher occupant density and variety of equipment used in the labs and workshops will increase internal heat gains. Natural ventilation in the law office side of the building pushes air through and exhausts up the atrium.

FORCED AIR

Photograph Caption

RADIANT

CH5: THE PROJECT B

2 A116

Detailed Wall Section -

Nick’s section details his louvers and forced air systems through the ventilation chase Christian’s section details the façade connections as well as the radiant floor

5 A116

1' - 11 1/4"

8 A117

1' - 6"

1 A117

Level 7 98' - 0"

7' - 0"

3' - 6"

Level 7 98' - 0"

1 A118

3' - 6"

Level 6 84' - 0"

3' - 6"

2 A117

7' - 0"

2 A118

Level 5 70' - 0"

3' - 6"

3 A117

3' - 6"

4 A118

7' - 0"

4 A117

Level 4 56' - 0"

4' - 6"

3' - 6"

3 A118

7 A117

10' - 0"

5 A117

Level 3 38' - 0"

3' - 6"

Level 3 38' - 0"

10' - 0"

4' - 6"

5 A118

Level 2 20' - 0"

12' - 0"

4' - 6"

3' - 6"

Level 2 20' - 0"

6 A117

6 A118

Level 1 0' - 0"

Point Glazing Elevation 1/4" = 1'-0"

Point Glazing Wall Section 1/4" = 1'-0"

1 ROOF ASSEMBLY PV COLLECTORS CANT STRIP 12” RIGID INSULATION CONCRETE ON METAL DECKING

2 FLOOR ASSEMBLY CARPET TILES CONCRETE ON METAL DECKING STEEL ANGLE STEEL C-CHANNEL STEEL BEAMS STEEL GIRDERS STEEL L-ANGLE BOLTED CONNECTION STEEL COLUMNS

Brick Facade Elevation 1/4" = 1'-0"

Brick Facade Wall Section 1/4" = 1'-0"

1 ROOF ASSEMBLY PAVERS OVER PEDESTALS 12” RIGID INSULATION WRB CONCRETE ON METAL DECKING

3 DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE WALL ASSEMBLY 4 INTERIOR WALL 3/4” TEMPERED GLASS GYPSUM 24” AIR CAVITY METAL STUD FRAMING DUAL GLAZED IGU POINT-SUPPORTED SPIDER CONNECTORS MULLION 3” FIRESTOP 1/2” STEEL CURTAIN WALL ANCHOR SPANDREL PANELS

Level 1 0' - 0"

2 FLOOR ASSEMBLY CARPET TILES RADIANT SLAB CONCRETE ON METAL DECKING STEEL BEAMS STEEL GIRDERS STEEL COLUMNS

3 BRICK CLADDING WALL ASSEMBLY FACADE RIB HOLLOW TUBE STEEL CONNECTOR HANGING PEDOT-COATED BRICK WIRE LATTICE

Photograph Caption

Photograph © Steve Hall. “Poetry Foundation / John Ronan Architects.” December 7, 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed September 14, 2020. http://archdaily. Plan View Level 3 3 1/4" = 1'-0" com/189339/poetry-foundation-john-ronan-architects/

5 CEILING 2 1/4” ACOUSITC CEILING TROFFER LIGHT ELECTRICAL CONDUIT

6 FOUNDATION 12” CONCRETE FOUNDATION SLAB CAP W/ CONCRETE PILES

7 AUTOMATED SOLAR SHADING OPERABLE FACADE HOLLOW STRUCTURAL STEEL ALUMINUM PANELS

8 HVAC SYSTEM SUPPLY AIR TIED TO VAV VENTILATION CHASE

Point Glazing Wall Section - Callout 8 8 1/2" = 1'-0" Point Glazing Wall Section - Callout 8 8 Point Glazing Wall Section - Callout 1/2" = 1'-0"7

Plan View Level 3.1 1/4" = 1'-0"

4 INTERIOR WALL 5 CEILING 6 FOUNDATION RIGID INSULATION ACOUSTIC WOOD CEILING PLANKS 12” CONCRETE FOUNDATION SLAB AIR BARRIER SUSPENDED SLOT LEDS CAP W/ CONCRETE PILES WRB ELECTRICAL CONDUIT SHEATHING CF FRAMING WALL GYPSUM WALL FINISH Brick Facade Wall Section - Callout 1 Brick Facade Wall Section - Callout 3 1 3 1/2" = 1'-0" 1/2" = 1'-0" Brick Facade Wall Section - Callout Brick Facade4 Wall Section - Callout 2 Brick Facade Wall Section 2 - Callout 1 Brick Facade Wall Section - Callout 3 1 4 1/2" = 1'-0" 3 1/2" = 1'-0" 1/2" = 1'-0" 1/2" = 1'-0" Brick Facade Wall Section - Callout Brick Facade4 Wall Section - Callout 2 4 2 Brick Facade Wall Section - Callout 6

CH5: THE PROJECT

Physical Model

CH6: IN REFLECTION These two quarters have been ones of learning. I feel that my entire approach to designing has changed completely. I had never so rigorously researched a project’s topic before; I really had an easier time thinking of design solutions once I had thoroughly done my research. Starting from the beginning as I was designing my individual project submission I focused a lot on the formal drivers, but as the project continued and we learned more and more about integration, now I know I will be thinking about the structural system as well. I really liked problem solving with the structure and figuring out how to program around structural bays (even if columns fell through some office spaces) and choosing the type of system depending on what our programs demanded. Thinking about thermal and ventilation systems and their relationships to the program and figuring out which one to use for which area of the project also helped me better understand how they work. Making sure the right number of egress towers were placed and accounted for in the design early on is also really important. I often find trouble when I create a form and then need to make space later for the egress. Our opportunities to visit our respective firms were huge learning moments for me. I really enjoyed visiting Taylor Design Group in San Francisco and going on site visits allowed me to see first hand what practice is like and to see what area I might be interested in when I go out into the workforce. I feel that the connections I made with these firms are invaluable as well and all the feedback and reviews I was able to get will benefit me forever. Learning Revit was also very new to me. I had always thought Revit was this clunky program that only created boxes devoid of any creativity, and when I first started using it, that’s what I made; but now, at the end of the two-quarter experience I can happily say that’s not true. Complex shapes are possible as long as you know what you are doing and while I may not know perfectly, I can definitely make more than just boxes. I really am happy to have learned this software because I feel prepared for the workforce more than I have before and I really like the efficiency it allows with drawings and its flexibility all while being tailored around architecture. This was a valuable learning experience in how it was a group project as well. I’m really happy I partnered with Nick because we have become really good friends, but just as importantly because the way he approaches projects is really different from me. I often create a form, and then try my best to fit program within it, whereas Nick creates a mental list and begins to check things off like structure and egress and the like. I think our combo was really nice because we balanced each other out and I find that our final project turned out to be really nice with a good mixture of technical details and interesting formal motifs. Overall, I can say with absolute certainty that I have learned more in these two quarters than I have in the combined two years of school that I have already experienced and I am so excited to carry this knowledge into every project I do in the future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Works Cited “10 Best Landscaping Plants for the San Diego Climate.” Eco Minded Solutions, 6 Aug. 2021, https://ecomindedsolutions.com/blog/san-diego-planting-guide/. Bermeo, Sarah. “Violence Drives Immigration from Central America.” Brookings, Brookings, 9 Mar. 2022, https://www. brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2018/06/26/violence-drives-immigration-from-central-america/. Citizen Security in Latin America Facts and Figures. https://igarape.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Citizen-Security-in-Latin-America-Facts-and-Figures.pdf. “Crime Rate by Country.” Crime Rate by Country 2022, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/crime-rateby-country. “Easy Prey: Criminal Violence and Central American Migration.” Crisis Group, 9 Feb. 2017, https://www.crisisgroup.org/ latin-america-caribbean/central-america/easy-prey-criminal-violence-and-central-american-migration. “GDP (Current US$) - Mexico.” Data, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=MX. Gramlich, John, and Alissa Scheller. “What’s Happening at the U.S.-Mexico Border in 7 Charts.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 12 Nov. 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/11/09/whats-happening-atthe-u-s-mexico-border-in-7-charts/. JTF Immigrants in California - Public Policy Institute of California. https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/jtf-immigrants-in-california.pdf. “Law School in San Diego.” California Western School of Law, https://www.cwsl.edu/. Mexico Crime Map - El Crimen, https://elcri.men/en/violence-map/. “Migrants Flee Violence Only to Find More in Tijuana – Mexico’s Murder Capital.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 26 Jan. 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/26/migrants-violence-tijuana-murder-capital. Murphy, Chris B. “How the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment Works.” Investopedia, Investopedia, 19 May 2021, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/non-accelerating-rate-unemployment.asp. New Americans in San Diego. https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/immigrant-contributions-in-san-diego.pdf. Population Immigration 2020. https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Immigration-2020-Phoenix. pdf. Published by Statista Research Department, and Feb 15. “Latin America & the Caribbean: Homicide Rates 2020, by Country.” Statista, 15 Feb. 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/947781/homicide-rateslatin-america-caribbean-country/. Published by Teresa Romero, and Apr 21. “Mexican Cities with the Highest Homicide Rates 2021.” Statista, 21 Apr. 2022, https://www.statista.com/statistics/984420/homicide-rates-mexico-by-city/. San Diego City Planning Committee. Barrio Logan Plan. 2005, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/ planning/community/profiles/pdf/cp/cpblfull.pdf. Spagat, Elliot. “Shelter Data Pinpoints Us Destinations of Asylum Seekers.” AP NEWS, Associated Press, 28 Aug. 2019, https://apnews.com/article/f68111a40b46493b85e551210138ffd0. “State Demographics Data - CA.” Migrationpolicy.org, 1 May 2022, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/state-profiles/ state/demographics/CA.

APPENDICES: FALL BUILDING ANALYSIS PROJECT

client: location: size: cost: certiﬁcations:

University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 61,085 sqft. $23 million (CAD) LEED Platinum RAIC Green Building Award

second ﬂoor

CIRS

center for interactive research on sustainability

architect: mechanical engineer: structural & electrical: civil engineer: geotechnical engineer: construction manager: landscape architect: building code: acoustics consultant: building envelope: water consultants:

Perkins + Will Peter Busby Fast + Epp Stantec Core Group Consultants Trow Associates Heatherbrae Construction PWL Partnership LMDG Code Consultants BKL Consultants Morrison Hershﬁeld Eco-Tek Ecological Tech. NovaTec Consultants

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ﬁrm proﬁle perkins + will has always been dedicated to staying at the forefront of sustainable technology and building performance and their Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability is no exception. a main goal of theirs is to create spaces where communities can thrive. the path guiding perkins + will is the practice of Living Design in which they aim to create “highpreforming spaces tha promote human ecological well-being at every level.” their projects work to promote a more sustainable society. CIRS+ will is a leader in green technology perkins Vancouver, BC, Canada and Perkins high-performance buildings and their + Will Analysis by Christian Gibson, Diana Fierro, Nancy Padilla, Sarah Wise projects are spread all across the world. ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

project background this project is the third iteration in a series of increasingly higher performance and is the most sustainable building in north america. it is a net positive building, actually giving back more than it takes. the centre houses researchers from all sectors in order to pioneer the frontier that is sustainable building. they serve as a monument to society of what the future could and should look like. it was designed to be a “living labratory”; utilizing every facet of sustainable technology and putting it on display for all to see.

CIRS UNIVERSITY HILL, VANCOUVER, BC

mi. 191 these graphs show various details about the site’s climate. the ﬁrst diagram shows us the anlges at which the sun hits the buildings throughout the year which is important in understanding where to shade and where to add windows to naturally light a space. this diagram also tells us that the wind comes mainly from the SE and NW. these directions should be prioritized for natural ventilation. the second graph tells us the average temperature throughout the year, from looking at it we can see that it heats up only during the summer months while remaining pretty CIRS Vancouver, BC, cold for the restCanada of the year. the third graph Perkins + Will tells usAnalysis thatbyaChristian goodGibson, strategy use to Padilla, decrease Diana to Fierro, Nancy Sarah Wise ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig energy use would be capturing internal heat. SEATTLE, WA

CIRS also uses UBC’s north catchment for its sweage treatment.

CIRS

natural gas from FortisBC water from Metro Vancouver Sasamat Resevior CIRS Vancouver, BC, Canada Perkins + Will Nancy Padilla, Sarah Analysis by Christian Gibson, Diana Fierro,, N Nanc anc an n y PPa adilla lla, S lla ar h Wise ara W e ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

CIRS space and skin

Baseline EUI: 154 kBTU/sf/y Target EUI: 31 kBTU/sf/y Due to CIRS’ temperate climate that at leans rnal as on the colder side, focusing on internal a strategy would be most effective. e. CIRS utilizes radiant slabs to take advantage of this. To control the direct sun that hits the facade, unshade, CIRS uses a living wall to act as a sunshade, this also sequesters carbon and contributes butes to ery also o the surrounding air quality. the greenery building g. contributes to the quality of life within the building. any of In addition to the living wall, many the windows facing the courtyard rd are shading. shaded with PV-integrated sunshading.

CIRS Vancouver, BC, Canada Perkins + Will Analysis by Christian Gibson, Diana Fierro, Nancy Padilla, Sarah Wise ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

APPENDICES: ORIGINAL MANIFESTO I know nothing. May I never forget this fact. I believe that as an Architect, I will have a baseline duty to create informed designs; and so, through understanding that I am not informed, I will have to commit myself to seeing, listening, learning, understanding, empathizing with, and serving others. I constitute an informed design as one that is based in its context, whether that be geographical, political, cultural, social, economical. This means that each design is one-of-a-kind and would not function anywhere else than the site it was designed for. I believe that Architecture is more a profession of learning and understanding rather than building. Understanding the needs of others; understanding the multitude of factors that may affect their lives, whether they be human, financial, or more systemic and institutional; understanding how to best support them and how to use design to bring about said support for the client as well as everyone else. As architects it is our duty to do so. It is our responsibility to handle each project with the utmost care, respect, and sensitivity. Care towards the materials and craftsmanship, as well as care towards the environment. Respect towards the client, but most importantly community and the people who will use the project. Sensitivity towards the cultural, economical, and social needs of the community. The Rural Studio is a good example of designers understanding the needs as well as the limitations of their clients and their community, and with that understanding they design beautiful buildings within the means provided by the context. This is true equitable architecture; regardless of social, economical, religious, or any other type of status, the Rural Studio provides beautiful architecture to those who they serve. I believe that Architecture must be equitable, thus I aim to only produce inclusive architecture. Inclusive architecture to me is one that can be accessed by all, no matter what, regardless of social status, regardless of ability, regardless of wealth; and in the vain I wish to design projects that promote peace, comfort, and tranquility. I wish to design spaces which take into account the human experience, to make them feel inviting and accepting. I wish to design projects that permit self-growth; places of learning, of meditation, of socializing, of connecting. I believe that the architect is an innovator. If a problem with no available solution arises, the architect must be able to adapt using everything they have at their disposal in order to find a solution. This problem may arise in construction, but it may also rise in society. Things like global crises and social justice can be affected through design for better or worse, so it is our job to make sure that they are approached with the necessary respect. Even when there is no problem it is still our duty to continue to innovate, to continue to learn, to strive towards a higher goal, always. Otherwise how can we face those we design for? How can we be satisfied with work that has no depth, no understanding, no complexity? Complexity in architecture for me does not represent the complicated nature of a facade, nor the mechanical systems keeping the building cool, but rather the thought. The depth of thought. The complexity comes from the interconnectedness that arises from deep thought about the project. If every aspect of a project is explored with an intention to respect its context, then it is only natural for connections to form. Connections from the site to the structure, the structure to the circulation, the circulation to the program, the program to the needs of the people, and on. It is our job to recognize these connections; to nurture and strengthen them so that they ring true throughout the project. This complexity, sensitivity and care gives special regards to the environment as well. As the years go by, taking care of the environment is no longer an option but a necessity. As architects we must take into account our effect on the environment, this means taking full advantage of the climate conditions, using sustainable materials and building methods, minimal land disturbance, sustainable landscaping, and everything else. We must continue to innovate to better preserve the one planet we have. This is the higher calling. Architecture to some may be about creating buildings that will last a lifetime, but what if it was instead about using buildings to extend the lifespan of the earth. I believe creating a coexistence between the earth and the built-environment is the goal. Moving away from parasites that suck the resources from the land they stand on, to symbiotes, nourishing and giving back to the earth. Because what use are architects if we are no longer able to inhabit the earth we build on?

APPENDICES: PRECEDENT RESEARCH

APPENDICES: DESIGN ITERATIONS

REFUGIO DE BARRIO LOGAN

Christian Gibson and Nick Goldschmidt Studio White | Winter 2022 | ARCH 352

Blend the daily lives of the students and surrounding community by providing access to public services while also embracing the local culture

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Within the broader campus, this building features a library and law clinics accessible to both students and the surrounding community. These spaces should be a open and inviting to encourage education, but also oﬀer the neccessary privacy for people to feel safe. A sustainable technology workshop and laboratory focused on combatting climate change use the entire building as a testing ground for their variety of projects, and serve as a direct response to the climate crisis that has forced many refugees to ee to the US from Latin America.

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PROJECT GOALS • How might we embrace the climate and create thoughtful exterior spaces? • How might we facilitate student success while also engaging the community? • How might we involve/encourage the community of Barrio Logan to participate in the ght against climate change in their own homes?

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TILE ENERGY OUTPUT .005 kWh PER STEP

BUILDING AREA 103,017 SF

LIBRARY EXPECTED DAILY VISITORS 4,116 (BASED ON KENNEDY LIBRARY)

BUILDING ENERGY USAGE 658,171 kWh PER YEAR

EXPECTED STEPS PER DAY ON TILES 82,328 (20 STEPS PER VISITOR)

PERCENT OF TOTAL ENERGY USAGE ACHIEVED BY TILES 22.83%

ENERGY OUTPUT 411 kWh PER DAY 150,249 kWh PER YEAR TARGET BUILDING EUI 21.8 kbtu/ft²/year

HALLWAY AREA 400 SF COST (345 TILES) $664,125

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APPENDICES: ARCH 307 LAB 1

LAB 1: downtown sd

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the sun shading chart is tells us where the sun will be in the sky throughout the year. we can see that the south elevation will get the majority of the sun. the map also shows a few taller buildings that may affect the shading on the site.

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natural ventilation will add 2213 hours to the comfort zone throughout the year. this is done by taking advantage of the wind directions to ventilate the building.

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solar shading can be approached in many directions, even by using vegetation. utilizing this would add 2464 hrs to the comfort zone.

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APPENDICES: ARCH 307 LAB 2

TEAM MATRIX

JULIETTE

CHRISTIAN

JULIETTE FOURNIER CHRISTIAN GIBSON STUDIO WHITE LOGAN HEIGHTS, SAN DIEGO 100,000 SF TARGET EUI = 27 KBTU/YR

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EUI: 38 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 105000 S.F. (105% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.666 S:V Ratio: 57:1000 First iteration Window sill: 2' Window height: 10'

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 105000 S.F. (105% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 57:1000 First iteration with adjusted WWR Window sill: 3.5' Window height: 7'

EUI: 33 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101963 S.F. (101.9% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 2 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 101:1000 First iteration wider spread with less floors and adjusted WWR

EUI: 36 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 104437 S.F. (104.4% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.666 S:V Ratio: 53:1000 Second iteration Window sill: 2' Window height: 10'

EUI: 33 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 104437 S.F. (104.4% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 53:1000 Second iteration with adjusted WWR Window sill: 3.5' Window height: 7'

EUI: 33 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 100296 S.F. (100.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 2 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 99:1000 Second iteration with adjusted WWR wider floor area and less floors

EUI: 28 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 105691 (105.6% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 S:V Ratio: 85:1000 WWR: 0.666 Third Iteration with 3 prongs Window sill: 2' Window height: 10'

EUI: 27 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 103082 (103% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.666 S:V Ratio: 82:1000 Third Iteration with 2 prongs Window sill: 2' Window height: 10'

EUI: 27 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 104270 (104.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.666 S:V Ratio: 77:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong Window sill: 2' Window height: 10'

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When comparing Juliette and I’s work you can see that Juliette did 3 iterations of a shape each time she decreases the EUI. She adjusted number of floors as well as changing typologies. She played with the window wall ratio and the floor to floor height. She was successful in her iterations in reducing the EUI. I differ from Juliette in my use of courtyards. I found the use of courtyards really important for my understanding of the EUI in that it showed me the relationship between the surface to volume ratio. If the surface area increased, the EUI increased too. I found this was true of the windows as well.

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX CHRISTIAN GIBSON ARCH 352-05 STUDIO WHITE LOGAN HEIGHTS, SAN DIEGO, CA GROSS SQUARE FEET: 100,000 SF TARGET EUI: 27 KBTU/YR

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SUMMARY I experimented with every aspect of the Grasshopper file. I played with different building forms with or without an atrium, with or without glazing over top. I found that atriums increase the Window Wall Ratio and thus increase the EUI. So the goal is to minimize the surface area of the building in order to keep the EUI down. I also found out that the window is a huge factor towards the EUI. The bigger the window the bigger the EUI. I did see how the floor to floor height has the same relationship.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY 1

STUDY SUMMARY This was the first study I did and I immediately hit the target EUI. This didn’t really give me much insight so I ran a couple more iterations of this building with and without the courtyard. I found that the courtyard raised the EUI and that when I glazed it over the EUI went down. This is because the amount of surface area is increased and the volume between surface area to volume grows, raising EUI.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY 2

STUDY SUMMARY This iteration was with a more interesting building form; and with this form I experimetned with the window settings. My general conclusion is that windows raise EUI; which further adds to the balance that we must maintain as architects. I found that the head height of the window if really important for the EUI and the higher the head height the higher the EUI.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY 3

STUDY SUMMARY In this iteration I played again with the windows but also the typology of the building. Somewhat alphabetical I played with the shape so that I could get maximum sunlight penetration. Over a series of iterations changing the window size I really saw the effect on the EUI when I made the WWR 0.136. This produced a great EUI of 23 but it would most likely be dark and sad inside the building and not enjoyable at all.

APPENDICES: ARCH 307 LAB 3

Window height: 10'

TEAM MATRIX

Window height: 7'

JULIETTE

CHRISTIAN

JULIETTE FOURNIER CHRISTIAN GIBSON

STUDIO WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS, SAN DIEGO 100,000 SF TARGET EUI = 27 KBTU/YR

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EUI: 22 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 103204 (103.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 82:1000 Third Iteration with 2 prongs and adjusted WWR Window sill: 3.5' Window height: 7'

EUI: 21 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102435 (102.4% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 65:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong and adjusted WWR Window sill: 3.5' Window height: 7'

EUI: 20 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 100706 (100.7% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.291 S:V Ratio: 75:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong, adjusted WWR, increase finger width, and reduced number of floors

EUI: 27 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 103204 (103.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.708 S:V Ratio: 82:1000 Iteration with 2 prongs and adjusted WWR Window sill: 3.5' Window height: 12'

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102435 (102.4% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.375 S:V Ratio: 65:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong and adjusted WWR Window sill: 6' Window height: 10.5'

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101286 (101.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.375 S:V Ratio: 75:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong and adjusted WWR Window sill: 6' Window height: 10.5'

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EUI: 23 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102435 (102.4% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 16 WWR: 0.281 S:V Ratio: 59:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong and adjusted F.F height Window sill: 6' Window height: 10.5'

EUI: 23 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101286 (101.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 16 WWR: 0.281 S:V Ratio: 65:1000 Third Iteration with 1 prong and adjusted WWR Window sill: 6' Window height: 10.5'

SUMMARY

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EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 103204 (103.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 7 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.416 S:V Ratio: 82:1000 Iteration with 2 prongs and adjusted WWR Window sill: 3.5' Window height: 10'

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When comparing Juliette and I’s work you can see that Juliette did 3 iterations of a shape each time she decreases the EUI. She adjusted number of floors as well as changing typologies. She played with the window head heights and sill heights, choosing one form per exploration. I, like Juliette, also played with the head and sill heights of the windows this allowed me to see the inverse correlation between window head height and EUI as well as the positive correlation between head height and SDA.

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX CHRISTIAN GIBSON

ARCH 352-05 STUDIO WHITE LOGAN HEIGHTS, SAN DIEGO, CA GROSS SQUARE FEET: 100,000 SF TARGET EUI: 27 KBTU/YR

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SUMMARY

Continuing with the forms I had for Lab 2 I started focusing on daylighting strategies. I noticed that the window head height really matters when you want daylight to penetrate your building. Raising the head height would always raise my SDA percentage but of course would raise my EUI. I’ve noticed that it is very much a balancing act to get a low EUI and a high SDA, especially if your site is unforgiving (not the case for San Diego).

DAYLIGHT STUDY

STUDY SUMMARY As I played around with the settings for this building form I raised the window head heights as high as they would go. This produced a great SDA of 81% but the EUI raised up to 28. Lowering the head height brought the EUI back down to 24 while maintaining a pretty good SDA of 79% as a happy medium.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

STUDY SUMMARY For my structural system I chose steel for its spanning capacity. The span length of steel allows for my building to have a pretty wide grid allowing for more dynamic use of space. One thing to remember with steel is that the girder depth is important to pay attention to since it eats up a lot of ceiling space, cutting into daylight penetration and floor to floor height.

APPENDICES: ARCH 307 LAB 4

lab 4

christian gibson | studio white | arch 307

mood 1 captivating

Logan Heights, San Diego, CA | 32nd Parallel North

lab 4

christian gibson | studio white | arch 307

mood 2 dreamy

Logan Heights, San Diego, CA | 32nd Parallel North

lab 4

christian gibson | studio white | arch 307

mood 3 disco of contemplation

Logan Heights, San Diego, CA | 32nd Parallel North

lab 4

in my studies I found the the intangible came a lot from the use of color. the photo I used for the activity on 2/22 I really liked but when I played with color I found myself approaching a more ethereal quality that I was looking for this is why they are included in here instead of the one to the left. I want to use what I have learned in this lab in the design of a interfaith chapel I am including in my project. I want to have individual meditation rooms each with a different quality of light, in this aspect I want to explore each option whether it be color, aperture, and material. In section I will be making sure the rays of light I’ll be able to penetrate the building correctly. This will involve looking closely at the sun angles and designing their openings appropriately.

christian gibson | studio white | arch 307

Logan Heights, San Diego, CA | 32nd Parallel North

APPENDICES: ARCH 307 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION REPORT

christian gibson | arch 307 | winter

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY at the beginning of our project we approached form and massing as influenced by the choice of our program. we also looked at the projects connection to the campus as well as the broader community, this is reflected in the project’s drawing in of pedestrians from the street side and opening up on the campus quad side. to take less pressure of the street we stepped the project back from the sidewalk and instead overhung some areas of the upper floors to enhance the visual connection between the project and the passersby on the street. we then made hypotheses about what structural system would work best for this project. based on the large spanning nature of our technology lab program, we opted for a steel structural system. to take some lessons form labs 2 and 3 we went for a pseudo-atrium scheme as it is not entirely enclosed, and pushed the circulation outside to lower our energy use and take advantage of San Diego’s great climate. this aids the ventilation strategies employed throughout the project as we allow for the north-western winds flow through the project, taking it in to use in the cross ventilation of the oﬃce spaces while the library portion uses the stack eﬀect to flush heat from the building. for the mechanical systems our class is using a central plant located on our campus but in the project we have decided to use a combined system of air in the law clinic portion of the project, and hydronic in the library portion, this is due to the nature of their respective occupant loads during the day. in spring we want to focus on doubling down on the experimental sustainability approaches of our project to better integrate our technologies workshop into the project, we aim to look through this lens when we design EVERY space in the project, not just the ones that have to do with the workshop.

christian gibson | arch 307 | winter

DIAGRAMS

the form of the building was driven by the program, which was determined by the environment and how the building would interact with the surrounding context. the building was meant to draw people through from the street side and open up to the campus quad on the inside. the workshop and lab space was put on the windward side of the project for better airflow and ventilation. the circulation was left outside in San Diego’s near perfect weather to save energy usage. these pathways pass through an open central area which allows for deeper light penetration

as the winds come primarily from the north-west, we wanted to place the programs that rely on the air system on that side of the project. these winds enter the project and are released through a raised floor system for displacement ventilation. more gentle winds blow from the south-west which are channeled through the campus quad and up through the atrium of the project.

for the solar response a good example is shown in our library. the reading areas on each floor are pulled back to allow for a visual connection between the floors and promote ventilation, but they also stop the hot summer rays from heating up the reading area while letting the winter ones in a bit deeper still not aﬀecting the stacks of books. the green roof also aims to lower the temperature of the building significantly reducing energy use. we plan to implement more experimental strategies in sustainability to work better with our workshop program next quarter.

for HVAC in our project, we ended up using two systems. on the library side of the project we decided to use a radiant system in the floor slab since the visitors will be coming and going throughout the day, we also want to make use of night flushing in this space since it’s hours of operation allow for it. the law clinic and workshop side of the project uses an air system as these programs will have a more constant occupant load and a need for more constant circulation. the main heating and cooling will take place in a central pump located on our campus.

for our daylighting strategy, it came primarily from our facade system and use of greenery. one goal of the project was to have nature throughout the building and one place we see that is the tree on the balcony of the project, this gives that sense of nature as well as blocks the sun. as for the facade system, we took inspiration from the serape, a traditional Mexican blanket in order to tie in with the Chicano culture of the site. we wanted to use our “blanket” to wrap the building and adjust the amount of light let through based on the pattern of the blanket which depended on the program it covered. going forward we plan to better integrate this aspect of the project as well as move towards a more abstracted version.

the structural system used here is steel, this is for larger spanning areas like the workshop where clearance is needed as well as heavier areas like the library and lab. several parts of the project have been left to overhang to add interaction with the ground plane thus needing suﬃcient support. the project also has 3 cores, 2 of which serve to connect visitors with the public right of way in case of emergency while the other houses elevators and utilities. lB

christian gibson | arch 307 | winter

SYSTEMS INTEGRATION REPORT PERFORMANCE MODEL AND EUI ANALYSIS for our energy goal this quarter we are aiming for an 80% reduction. this puts our target EUI at 27. our model’s base EUI came out to be a 45. after some tweaking in Insight360 we brought our EUI down to 21, reaching our goal and beyond by adjusting the operating schedule of the building, optimizing our HVAC choices, as well as utilizing eﬃcient electric lighting strategies. a way we could continue to optimize the project would be through the sizing of windows on the diﬀerent faces of the building. more importantly, thinking harder about the window wall ratio of the project and how our facade system will shade the project, we are looking forward to energy modeling with this complete.

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christian gibson | arch 307 | winter

STRUCTURAL GRID

19' - 8"

25' - 0"

28' - 0"

E 32' - 0"

we went with an irregular structural grid mainly to support the various programs we have in the project, mainly the double height space of the workshop, we were hoping to make it columnless in the next iterations to come. there are also three cores: 2 egress cores, and a central core with elevators and bathrooms. we are excited to take the comments from reviews into account with this as we’ve been told to move the elevator core to open up the center of the project. there are also several minor overhanging spaces that we were curious about going forwards.

F 30' - 0"

30' - 0"

35' - 10"

23' - 6"

40' - 0"

APPENDICES: ARCH 342 PROJECT 1

pg. 1

Project 1 christian gibson studio white arch 342 spring 2022

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022

pg. 2

Part 1: Material Case Study - Aluminum Composite tobin center for the preforming arts LMN + Marmon Mok

the tobin center uses aluminum composite panels as a part of their building’s veil concept. the panels are smaller and are custom shaped according to the detail to produce the desired eﬀect. they have a matte gray finish which reflects the light and they work in combination with perforated panels to produce s these panels have been formed to fit in as part of an assembly , hanging from rails that attach to the wall .

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022 https://www.archdaily.com/802947/tobin-center-for-the-performing-artslmn-plus-marmon-mok

pg. 3

Part 1: Material Case Study powerhouse brattørkaia Snøhetta

Snøhetta’s powerhouse brattorkaia uses aluminum composite panels to produce a reflective project that seemingly blends into the sky behind it. the reflective black finish of the panels on the project provide a mirror image of the sky while also matching the color of the solar panels used to power the project. the panels were used both on the interior and the exterior of the project to provide a great sense of continuity throughout the building showing the versatility of the material.

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022

https://stacbond.com/en/proyectos/powerhouse-brattorkaia/

Part 1: Material Case Study 3D folded aluminum panels

pg. 4

Foshan M aluminum company

Foshan M’s workshops are capable of many types of aluminum paneling. these panels are welded into a 3D assembly and are laser cut with any desired pattern. their finishes range from matte to powder-coated to glossy and come in a wide range of colors while this one is using a metallic dull bronze-like finish. these panels can be mounted as a facade assembly as well as interior decorative installations.

https://www.mcityaluminum.com/sale-12387879-3d-folded-aluminum-panels-for-building-facade-customized-metal-sheet.html

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022

pg. 5

panels come in various sizes but their maximum comes in around 62”x196” the thicknesses from 4mm to

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022

range 6mm.

Part 2: Wall Section

pg. 6

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022

Part 3: CSI Specs

pg. 7

07 42 00 Wall Panels - Composite, Aluminum Plate, and Sintered Ceramic

Northern Facades’ Accumet Performed Composite Wall Panels are a wall paneling system that utilizes 4mm thick aluminum composite planks and come in a variety of colors and finishes. Northern Facades even provides a stainless-steel finish, a copper finish, and even granite or marble finishes. These panels are pre-finished aluminum which are bonded to a thermoplastic or fire resistant core. Their rainscreen capabilities have been fully engineered (DBVR, PER) and can be used for exterior and interior applications. The design takes into consideration thermal expansion and contraction to ensure no binding or rattling in the assembly. Accumet has been created with perfect flatness in mind, there should not be any bending, dimpling, or buckling in the assembly and they are SB10 and ASHRAE 90.1 compliant when used with Northern Facades’ proprietary ISO Clip thermal clip. For performance it has tested and passed the various ASTM and AAMA sections for surface burning and fire testing, water penetration, air leakage, and structural performance. In the specs, Northern Facades provides options for panel thickness with a minimum thickness of .05mm to a maximum of 4mm. They oﬀer both a fire-resistant and non-fire-resistant option. They can use hat bars and z-bars, or thermal clips and adjustable z-bars. Northern Facades also provides choises of thermal clips the architect can specify. The architect can further specify the color of the finish and the thickness of said finish. Companies that produce similar products are STACBOND’s A2 and FR panels, Metalwerks Sculpted 3D Rainscreen Wall System as well as their Arcwall products which allow for curved panel systems.

christian gibson|studio white|arch 342|spring 2022

http://www.northernfacades.com/wp-content/ uploads/2020/01/NFL-ACCUMET-TDSsep2019.pdf

SECTION 07 42 00 WALL PANELS - COMPOSITE, ALUMINUM PLATE, AND SINTERED CERAMIC Display hidden notes to specifier. (Don't know how? Click Here) Copyright 2021 - 2021 ARCAT, Inc. - All rights reserved PART 1 GENERAL 1.1

1.2

SECTION INCLUDES A.

Aluminum composite panel systems. (Accumet)

Aluminum plate panel systems. (Axiom)

Sintered ceramic architectural wall panels. (STX)

RELATED SECTIONS A.

Section 05 10 00 - Structural Metal Framing.

Section 06 10 00 - Rough Carpentry.

Section 05 40 00 - Cold-Formed Metal Framing.

Section 07 60 00 - Flashing and Sheet Metal.

Section 07 90 00 - Joint Protection.

Section 08 50 00 - Windows.

Section 08 83 13 - Mirrored Glass Glazing.

Section 08 44 23 - Structural Sealant Glazed Curtain Wall.

Section 09 25 23 - Lime Based Plastering.

07 42 00 -1

1.3

REFERENCES A.

American Architectural Manufacturers Association: 1. AAMA 501.1-05- Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Windows, Curtain Walls and Door Using Dynamic Pressure. 2. AAMA 508-14- Voluntary Test Method and Specification for Pressure Equalized Rain Screen Wall Cladding Systems. 3. AAMA 509-14- Voluntary Test Method and Classification Method for Drained and Back Ventilated Rain Screen Wall Cladding Systems. 4. AAMA 2604-13- Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for High Performance Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels. 5. AAMA 2605-13- Voluntary Specification, Performance Requirements and Test Procedures for Superior Performing Organic Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels.

ASTM International (ASTM): 1. ASTM A653/A653M-15- Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process. 2. ASTM A792/A792M- Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 percent AluminumZinc Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process. 3. ASTM B117-11- Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus. 4. ASTM C794-15a- Standard Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants. 5. ASTM D714-02(09)- Standard Test Method for Elevating Degree of Blistering of Paints. 6. ASTM D968-15- Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive. 7. ASTM D1308-02(13)- Standard Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes. 8. ASTM D1781-98(12)- Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives 9. ASTM D2244-15a- Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates. 10. ASTM D2247-11- Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100% Relative Humidity. 11. ASTM D2794-93(10)- Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact). 12. ASTM D3359-17- Standard Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test. 13. ASTM D4214-07(15)- Standard Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films. 14. ASTM E283-04(2012)- Standard Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across the Specimen. 15. ASTM E330/E330M-14- Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference. 16. ASTM E331-00(2016)- Standard Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference. 17. ASTM E1233/E1233M-14- Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by Cyclic Air Pressure Differential.

European Technical Approvals (ETAG): 1. ETAG 002-12- Guideline for European Technical Approval for Structural Sealant Glazing Kits (SSGK).

07 42 00 -2

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): 1. NFPA 285- Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Non-Load-Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components.

Underwriters Laboratories Canada (ULC): 1. CAN/ULC-S134-13- Standard Method of Fire Test of Exterior Wall Assemblies. [Note conducted on both combustible and non-combustible cladding.

DEFINITIONS A.

ACM: Aluminum composite material.

Polyamide: Glass fiber reinforced polyamide.

PVDF: Polyvinylidene Fluoride.

SUBMITTALS A.

Submit under provisions of Section 01 30 00 - Administrative Requirements.

Product Data: 1. Manufacturer's data sheets on each product to be used. 2. Preparation instructions and recommendations. 3. Storage and handling requirements and recommendations. 4. Typical installation methods.

Verification Samples: Two representative units of each type, size, pattern and color.

Shop Drawings: Include details of materials, construction and finish. Include relationship with adjacent construction.

QUALITY ASSURANCE A.

Manufacturer Qualifications: Company specializing in manufacturing products specified in this section with a minimum five years documented experience.

Installer Qualifications: Company specializing in performing Work of this section with minimum two years documented experience with projects of similar scope and complexity.

Source Limitations: Provide each type of product from a single manufacturing source to ensure uniformity.

Mock-Up: Construct a mock-up with actual materials in sufficient time for Architect's review and to not delay construction progress. Locate mock-up as acceptable to Architect and provide temporary foundations and support. 1. Intent of mock-up is to demonstrate quality of workmanship and visual appearance. 2. If mock-up is not acceptable, rebuild mock-up until satisfactory results are achieved. 3. Retain mock-up during construction as a standard for comparison with completed work. 4. Do not alter or remove mock-up until work is completed or removal is authorized.

PRE-INSTALLATION CONFERENCE A.

Convene a conference approximately two weeks before scheduled commencement of the Work. Attendees shall include Architect, Contractor and trades involved. Agenda shall include schedule, responsibilities, critical path items and approvals.

07 42 00 -3

1.8

1.9

DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A.

Store and handle in strict compliance with manufacturer's written instructions and recommendations.

Protect from damage due to weather, excessive temperature, and construction operations.

PROJECT CONDITIONS A.

Maintain environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and ventilation) within limits recommended by manufacturer for optimum results. Do not install products under environmental conditions outside manufacturer's recommended limits.

1.10 WARRANTY A.

Manufacturer's standard limited warranty unless indicated otherwise.

PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1

2.2

MANUFACTURERS A.

Acceptable Manufacturer: Northern Facades - ISOclip, which is located at: 6451 Northwest Dr.; Mississauga, ON, Canada L4V 1K2; Toll Free Tel: 844-740-2050; Tel: 905-740-2050; Fax: 905-740-2054; Email:request info (info@isoclips.com ); Web:http://www.northernfacades.com

Substitutions: Not permitted.

Requests for substitutions will be considered in accordance with provisions of Section 01 60 00 - Product Requirements.

ALUMINUM COMPOSITE PANELS SYSTEMS A.

Basis of Design: Accumet Aluminum Custom Made Prefinished Aluminum Composite Panel Systems as manufactured by Northern Facades Ltd. 1. System uses rear ventilated dry joint rain screen construction.

Performance and Design Criteria: 1. Structural Design: a. Calculated Wind Load: Per local building code. Provide adequate stiffening to prevent wind induced vibrations and fatigue problems. b. Panels Systems Testing: According to ASTM E330/E330M. c. Perimeter Framing: Not to deflect more than L/180 between supports. d. Panel Stresses: Not to exceed manufacturer's recommended maximum values to avoid permanent deformation. e. Fasteners: Designed to transmit all loads to the main structure without exceeding any fastener capacity. f. Thermal Movement: Allowance for expansion and contraction of the panel assembly system caused by varying surface temperatures. 1) Surface Temperature Variance: Minus 40 to 140 degree F (4.4 to 60 degrees C). a) Variance must not cause buckling on enclosed or adjoining materials or fasteners, or impair system performance and appearance. g. Panel Skin: Test to ASTM D1781. Ensure no panel delamination due to: 1) Adhesive failure of bond between core and skin. 2) Cohesive Failure of ore itself below following values: a) 22.57 ft lbs per ft (100 N mm per mm) as manufactured.

07 42 00 -4

22.57 ft lbs per ft (100 N mm per mm) after 21 days soaking in water at 70 degree F (21 degree C). Static Air Infiltration: Air barrier system; performance level of 6.24 psf (0.3 kPa) of pressure and leakage rate less than 0.06 cu ft per min per sq ft (0.0003048 cu m per sec per sq m), when tested in accordance with ASTM E283. Static Water Infiltration: a. Provide water barrier system capable of withstanding a 15 minute water test at 15 psf (0.72 kPa) of pressure when tested in accordance with ASTM E331. b. Panel system is to provide clear, internal paths of drainage that weep any trapped moisture to exterior. Weep water must discharge in a manner that limits staining of architectural finishes, standing water, or formation of icicles. Pressure Equalized Rain Screen Performance: a. Panel System: Test in accordance with AAMA 508 to the following criteria: 1) Pass 100, three second cycles of cyclic pressure according to ASTM E1233/E1233M ranging from 5 psf to 25 psf (0.2 to 1.2 kPa). Must attain pressure equalization within 0.08 sec. 2) Pass dynamic water penetration test, AAMA 501.1 at 6.24 psf (0.3 kPa). Three-Coat High Performance Finishing Requirements: 3-Coat Wet System including primer, color coat, and clear coat. Include thermal setting application of 70 percent fluoropolymer resin minimum, PVDF with added color pigment finish. Exceed or meet AAMA 2605. a. Fluoropolymer baked resins must form a continuous physically locked finish during manufacturing process. 1) Fluoropolymer Application: Finish after a multistage chemical treatment cleaning providing corrosion resistance surfaces ready to receive primer. 2) During Baking Process: Apply primer in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations followed by a flash process whereby evaporating solvent and then fluoropolymer finish sprayed on to aluminum; apply another flash procedure and then bake for approximately 10 minutes with aluminum surface reaching a temperature of 450 degrees F (232 degrees C). b. Humidity Resistance per ASTM D714 and ASTM D2247; 3000 hrs at 100 percent Relative Humidity, at 100 degrees F (38 degrees C): A few No. 8 blisters, maximum. c. Salt Spray Resistance per ASTM B117; 3000 hrs, 5 percent NaCl at 100 degrees F (degrees C): 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) maximum undercutting. d. Chemical Resistance per ASTM D1308, Procedure 6.2: 1) No discoloration or blistering: a) After 15 minute spot test with 10 percent muriatic acid. b) After 18 hour spot check with 20 percent sulfuric acid. e. Abrasion Resistance Falling Sand (ASTM D968): 50 l/ml. f. Color Retention per ASTM D2244; 5000 hrs, 45 degree South Florida: 1) Delta E: Less than 5.0. g. Chalking Resistance per ASTM D4214; 10 years, 45 degrees South Florida: 1) No more than No. 8.

Panels: 1. Composition: 5/32 inches (4 mm) Aluminum Composite Plank. a. Aluminum Skins: 0.02 inch (0.5 mm) minimum thickness. b. Core: Non-Fire Resistant - Low Density Polyethylene core (PE). c. Core: Fire Resistant - Extruded thermoplastic core (FR). 2. Tolerances: a. Panel Bow: Not to exceed 0.8 percent of panel overall dimension in width or length. b. Length and Width: Plus 0 inches (0 mm). Minus 1/8 inches (3 mm). c. Squareness: 1/32 inches (0.8 mm) per linear ft.

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3. 4.

2.3

d. Panel Size: As indicated on Drawings. Accumet Extrusion Set: Including perimeter and clip system to be used to secure panel to structure. Fasteners to Secure Aluminum Sheet: 1/8 inch (3 mm) domed stainless steel rivets. a. Fasten panel only on the return edges.

Fasteners: To be coated with an anti-corrosion coating system or made from 300 series stainless steel. 1. Coating Type: To be determined based on intended use and environmental factors.

Openings: Coordinate openings with work of other installers. Holes accommodating work of other Sections are to be provided in the panels prior to finishing. Reinforce perimeter of holes greater than 12 x 12 inch (305 x 305 mm) to manufacturer's standard.

Sub Girt System: 1. Panel Load Transfer Grids: Formed from 18 ga full-galvanized steel with Grade A zinc coating to a G90 designation, conforming to ASTM A653/A653M. a. Hat bars, Z-bars, and adjustable Z-bars, or combination thermal clips and Zbars. 2. Sub-Framing ISO Clip Thermal Spacer: Suitable for vertical and horizontal sub-girts. a. Approved Component: ISO Clips by Northern Facades Ltd. 1) Product: 2.0 inch (51 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clips 2) Product: 3.25 inch (83 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip 3) Product: 4.75 inch (121 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip 4) Contains an integral polyamide thermal isolator pad. 5) Depth: Adjustable. 6) Material: 14 ga Galvalume steel. 7) Material: 14 ga Galvanized steel. 8) Effective R-Value: Determined by Architect in combination with Insulation system. 9) Fasten structural members and panels with interlocking clips as indicated. 10) Dielectric Separator: Wherever 2 dissimilar metals are in contact.

Finishes: 1. Color: Selected by Architect from panel manufacturer's color selection guide. 2. Prefinished fluorocarbon base with 70 percent Kynar Resins. a. Colors: ________. 3. Coating Thickness: 0.75 to 1.25 mils to NCAA 11-12, F minimum using Eagle Turquoise T2375. 4. Impact Test Method: ASTM D2794 Gardner variable impact tester. 5. Adhesion Test Methods: NCAA 11-5 and ASTM D3359 crosshatched.

ALUMINUM PLATE PANELS SYSTEMS A.

Basis of Design: Axiom Custom Made Preformed, Prefinished Aluminum Plate Panel Systems as manufactured by Northern Facades Ltd 1. System uses rear ventilated dry joint rain screen construction.

Performance and Design Criteria: 1. Structural Design: a. Calculated Wind Load: Per local building code. Provide adequate stiffening to

07 42 00 -6

prevent wind induced vibrations and fatigue problems. Panels Systems Testing: According to ASTM E330/E330M. Perimeter Framing: Not to deflect more than L/180 between supports. Panel Stresses: Not to exceed manufacturer's recommended maximum values to avoid permanent deformation. e. Fasteners: Designed to transmit all loads to the main structure without exceeding any fastener capacity. f. Thermal Movement: Allowance for expansion and contraction of the panel assembly system caused by varying surface temperatures. 1) Surface Temperature Variance: Minus 40 to 140 degree F (4.4 to 60 degrees C). a) Variance must not cause buckling on enclosed or adjoining materials or fasteners, or impair system performance and appearance. Static Air Infiltration: Air barrier system; performance level of 6.24 psf (0.3 kPa) of pressure and leakage rate less than 0.06 cu ft per min per sq ft (0.0003048 cu m per sec per sq m), when tested in accordance with ASTM E283. Static Water Infiltration: a. Provide water barrier system capable of withstanding a 15 minute water test at 15 psf (0.72 kPa) of pressure when tested in accordance with ASTM E331. b. Panel system is to provide clear, internal paths of drainage that weep any trapped moisture to exterior. Weep water must discharge in a manner that limits staining of architectural finishes, standing water, or formation of icicles. Pressure Equalized Rain Screen Performance: a. Panel System: Test in accordance with AAMA 508 to the following criteria: 1) Pass 100, three second cycles of cyclic pressure according to ASTM E1233/E1233M ranging from 5 psf to 25 psf (0.2 to 1.2 kPa). Must attain pressure equalization within 0.08 sec. 2) Pass dynamic water penetration test, AAMA 501.1 at 6.24 psf (0.3 kPa). Water Tightness of Exterior Wall Panels: Design to the rain screen principle. a. Prevent water infiltration into the interior systems. b. No panel to panel joint caulking will be permitted in the wall or soffit area. Three-Coat High Performance Finishing Requirements: 3-Coat Wet System including primer, color coat, and clear coat. Include thermal setting application of 70 percent fluoropolymer resin minimum, PVDF with added color pigment finish. Exceed or meet AAMA 2605. a. Fluoropolymer baked resins must form a continuous physically locked finish during manufacturing process. 1) Fluoropolymer Application: Finish after a multistage chemical treatment cleaning providing corrosion resistance surfaces ready to receive primer. 2) During Baking Process: Apply primer in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations followed by a flash process whereby evaporating solvent and then fluoropolymer finish sprayed on to aluminum; apply another flash procedure and then bake for approximately 10 minutes with aluminum surface reaching a temperature of 450 degrees F (232 degrees C). b. Humidity Resistance per ASTM D714 and ASTM D2247; 3000 hrs at 100 percent Relative Humidity, at 100 degrees F (38 degrees C): A few No. 8 blisters, maximum. c. Salt Spray Resistance per ASTM B117; 3000 hrs, 5 percent NaCl at 100 degrees F (degrees C): 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) maximum undercutting. d. Chemical Resistance per ASTM D1308, Procedure 6.2: 1) No discoloration or blistering: a) After 15 minute spot test with 10 percent muriatic acid. b) After 18 hour spot check with 20 percent sulfuric acid. e. Abrasion Resistance Falling Sand (ASTM D968): 50 l/ml. b. c. d.

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Color Retention per ASTM D2244; 5000 hrs, 45 degree South Florida: 1) Delta E: Less than 5.0. g. Chalking Resistance per ASTM D4214; 10 years, 45 degrees South Florida: 1) No more than No. 8 Two-Coat High Performance Finishing Requirements: 2-Coat Wet System including thermal setting application of 70 percent fluoropolymer resin minimum, PVDF with added color pigment finish. Exceed or meet AAMA 2604. a. Fluoropolymer Baked Resins: Form a continuous physically locked finish during manufacturing process. 1) Fluoropolymer Application: Finish after a multistage chemical treatment cleaning providing corrosion resistance surfaces ready to receive primer. 2) During Baking Process: Apply primer in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations followed by a flash process whereby evaporating solvent and then fluoropolymer finish sprayed on to aluminum; apply another flash procedure and then bake for approximately 10 minutes with aluminum surface reaching a temperature of 450 degrees F (232 degrees C). b. Humidity Resistance per ASTM D714 and ASTM D2247; 1500 hrs at 100 percent Relative Humidity, at 100 degrees F (38 degrees C): A few No. 8 blisters, maximum. c. Salt Spray Resistance per ASTM B117; 1500 hrs, 5 percent NaCl at 100 degrees F (38 degrees C): 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) maximum undercutting.

Panels: 1. Solid Aluminum Sheet: 0.08 inch (2 mm), 3003 or 5052 alloy. 2. Solid Aluminum Sheet: 0.12 inch (3 mm), 3003 or 5052 alloy. 3. Tolerances: a. Panel Bow: Not to exceed 0.8 percent of panel overall dimension in width or length. b. Length and Width: Plus: 0 inches (0 mm). Minus: 1/8 inches (3 mm). c. Squareness: 1/32 inches (0.8 mm) per linear ft. d. Panel Size: As indicated on Drawings. 4. Axiom Extrusion Set: Including perimeter and clip system to be used to secure panel to structure. 5. Fasteners to Secure Aluminum Sheet: 1/8 inch (3 mm) domed stainless steel rivets. a. Fasten panel only on the return edges.

Fasteners: To be coated with an anti-corrosion coating system or made from 300 series stainless steel. 1. Coating Type: To be determined based on intended use and environmental factors.

Weep Holes: Aligned for drainage system at the back of the panel for standard extrusions at termination of dissimilar materials.

Sub-Girt System: Size, gauge, and material to be determined in association with Project requirements as indicated on Drawings. 1. Sub-Framing ISO Clip Thermal Spacer: Suitable for vertical and horizontal sub-girts. a. Approved Component: ISO Clips by Northern Facades Ltd. 1) Product: 2.0 inch (51 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clips 2) Product: 3.25 inch (83 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip 3) Product: 4.75 inch (121 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip 4) Contains an integral polyamide thermal isolator pad.

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5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

2.4

Depth: Adjustable. Material: 14 ga Galvalume steel. Material: 14 ga Galvanized steel. Effective R-Value: Determined by Architect in combination with Insulation system. Fasten structural members and panels with interlocking clips as indicated. Dielectric Separator: Wherever 2 dissimilar metals are in contact.

Substrate Wall Sheathing: Refer to appropriate specifications in Division 06 for requirements.

Air/Vapor Barrier: In accordance with Project location, climate region, and associated performance characteristic regarding air penetration, water vapor transmission and water penetration resistance. Refer to appropriate specifications in Division 07.

Finishes: 1. Aluminum Material: Tension leveled, fluoropolymer PDVF painted finish 3003-H14 manganese alloy. 2. Aluminum Material: Tension leveled, anodized finish 5005 - AQ Manganese alloy. 3. PPG 2-coat Duranar. Color: To be determined by the Architect. 4. PPG 3-coat Duranar. Color: To be determined by the Architect. 5. Finish: 2-Coat PPG Duranar Color a. Paint Color: ________. b. Paint Color Manufacturer Code Number: ________. 6. Finish: 3-Coat PPG Duranar XL a. Paint Color: ________. b. Paint Color Manufacturer Code Number: ________.

SINTERED CERAMIC ARCHITECTURAL WALL PANELS SYSTEMS A.

Basis of Design: STX Sintered Ceramic Architectural Modular Wall and Soffit Panel Systems as manufactured by Northern Facades Ltd 1. System uses rear ventilated dry joint rain screen construction.

Performance and Design Criteria: 1. Structural Design: a. Calculated Wind Load: Per local building code. b. Panels Systems Testing: According to ASTM E330/E330M. c. Deflection Movement: Not to exceed L/60. 1) Panels are not to exhibit permanent deformation when subject to specified design loads. 2) Panel Systems must allow for movement within the system caused by building structure deflection. d. Panel: Sintered Ceramic Tile Panel System, including support and attachments. 1) Must resist positive and negative wind loads as calculated in latest edition of the International Building Code and its supplement, using a 1/50 return period. 2) Provide adequate stiffening to prevent excessive deflection, wind induced vibrations and fatigue problems. e. Fasteners: Must transmit all loads to the main structure without exceeding the capacity of any fastener. f. Thermal Movement: Allowance for expansion and contraction of the panel

07 42 00 -9

assembly system caused by varying surface temperatures. 1) Surface Temperature Variance: Minus 40 to 140 degree F (4.4 to 60 degrees C). a) Variance must not cause buckling on enclosed or adjoining materials or fasteners, or impair system performance and appearance. g. Sub System: Incorporate a gridlock to eliminate rocking of the Z-bars on gypsum board or other support sub-wall systems. Static Air Infiltration: Air barrier system; performance level of 6.24 psf (0.3 kPa) of pressure and leakage rate less than 0.06 cu ft per min per sq ft (0.0003048 cu m per sec per sq m), when tested in accordance with ASTM E283. a. System must have been successfully tested by an accredited testing facility to the ASTM E283. Static Water Infiltration: a. Provide water barrier system capable of withstanding a 15 minute water test at 15 psf (0.72 kPa) of pressure when tested in accordance with ASTM E331. b. Panel system is to provide clear, internal paths of drainage that weep any trapped moisture to exterior. Weep water must discharge in a manner that limits staining of architectural finishes, standing water, or formation of icicles. Pressure Equalized Rain Screen Performance: a. Panel System: Comprised of a dry joint system without the use of external joint sealants. b. Test in accordance with AAMA 508 to the following criteria: 1) Pass 100, three second cycles of cyclic pressure according to ASTM E1233/E1233M ranging from 5 psf to 25 psf (0.2 to 1.2 kPa). Must attain pressure equalization within 0.08 sec. 2) Pass dynamic water penetration test, AAMA 501.1 at 6.24 psf (0.3 kPa). Water Tightness of Exterior Wall Panels: Design to the rain screen principle. a. Prevent water infiltration into the interior systems. b. No panel to panel joint caulking will be permitted in the wall or soffit area.

Panels: 1. Panel Composition: Ceramic tile composed of clay, granite and metamorphic, feldspar-containing rocks and ceramic pigments; compacted at high pressure then sintered at 2192 degrees F (1200 degrees C). Reinforced with a fiberglass mesh backing. a. Laminam 3-Plus Nominal Thickness: 0.138 inch (3.5 mm). 1) Maximum Size: 39-3/8 inches x 9 to 10 ft (1000 x 2743 x 3048 mm). b. Laminam 5 Nominal Thickness: 0.018 inch (5.6 mm). 1) Maximum Size: 64-1/2 inches x 10 ft 7-1/2 inches (1638 x 3239 mm) 2. Color and Texture Selection: a. No. 1. Collection No. and Name: ________. Color and Finish: ________. b. No. 2. Collection No. and Name: ________. Color and Finish: ________. 3. Exposed STX Panel (Edge, Edgeless) Extrusions: Finish to compliment porcelain tile. a. Finish: Anodized as standard. Color: ________. b. Finish: Painted PPG/Duranar. Color: ________. 4. Structural Silicone: Dow Corning 983. Two-part, neutral cure, RTV silicone sealant.

Fasteners: To be coated with an anti-corrosion coating system or made from 300 series stainless steel. 1. Coating Type: To be determined based on intended use and environmental factors.

Openings: Coordinate openings with work of other installers. Holes accommodating work of other Sections are to be provided in the panels prior to finishing.

Sub Girt System:

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2.5

Panel Load Transfer Grids: Formed from 18 ga full-galvanized steel with Grade A zinc coating to a G90 designation, conforming to ASTM A653/A653M. a. Hat bars, Z-bars, and adjustable Z-bars, or combination thermal clips and Zbars. Sub-Framing ISO Clip Thermal Spacer: Suitable for vertical and horizontal sub-girts. a. Approved Component: ISO Clips by Northern Facades Ltd. 1) Product: 2.0 inch (51 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clips 2) Product: 3.25 inch (83 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip 3) Product: 4.75 inch (121 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip 4) Contains an integral polyamide thermal isolator pad. 5) Depth: Adjustable. 6) Material: 14 ga Galvalume steel. 7) Material: 14 ga Galvanized steel. 8) Effective R-Value: Determined by Architect in combination with Insulation system. 9) Fasten structural members and panels with interlocking clips as indicated. 10) Dielectric Separator: Wherever 2 dissimilar metals are in contact.

Fabrication: 1. Fabricate with straight lines, square corners or smooth bends, free from twists or warps, kinks dents and other imperfections, which may affect appearance or serviceability. 2. Panel Flatness in All Directions Across the Surface: 0.1 percent maximum. 3. System Appearance: Flush from exterior with no surface fixings or other irregularities and with no reveal other than the module joint width. 4. Panels must align with no lap or reveal other than joint width to permit expansion and contraction. 5. Thickness of metal and details of assembly and support shall provide sufficient strength and stiffness to resist distortion of finished surface. 6. Exposed edges and ends of metal shall be dressed smooth, free from sharp edges. 7. Connections and joints exposed to the weather shall be constructed to exclude water. 8. Panels to be constructed with aluminum extrusions framing all sides. Provisions shall be made for individual panel drainage at panel base.

Flashings: Wherever practical at corners, jambs and abutments, no flashings will be permitted. Panel design to include for these connections. 1. Where Flashings are Unavoidable: Use prefinished material matching Porcelain facing or panel perimeter extrusion. 2. Exposed Surfaces of Aluminum Extrusions: Anodized to match finish of the panels. Colors: ________.

ISO THERMO ISOLATION CLIPS. A.

Performance and Design Requirements: 1. High Load Capacity per Clip: Less clips may be required compared to synthetic or aluminum clips resulting in less thermal bridging. 2. May assist achieving multiple LEED V4 credits as a component part of wall assembly. 3. Built in slotted retaining tab to ease installation of girts. 4. Mounting Orientation: The same regardless of horizontal or vertical girt orientation. 5. Substrates: All, including concrete, concrete block, steel studs or wood. 6. Accommodate a variety of wall depths and insulation thicknesses. a. Insulation Thickness Range: 2 to 8 inches (51 to 203 mm). 7. Effective Wall Assembly R-Value: As determined by Architect in combination with Insulation system.

Product: 2.0 inch (51 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clips: Assists in creating thermal break

07 42 00 -11

between interior and exterior of building. Reduces thermal transfer through building envelope. 1. Standards Compliance: a. ASHRAE 90.1, NECB SB-10 compliant, with thermal analysis available. b. NFPA 285: Pass. c. CAN / ULC S134-13: Pass. 2. Clip Material: 14ga ASTM A792 Galvalume or ASTM A653 galvanized, steel. a. Salmon-Safe encapsulated coating. 3. Thermal Isolator Pad: Glass fibre reinforced polyamide. 4. Adjustment: Plus or minus 1/4 inch (6 mm) wall deviation. No shims required. 5. Insulation Thickness Range: 2 to 3.5 inch (51 to 89 mm) of insulation 6. Fasteners: a. Girt Fastener: 10-16 x 5/8 inch (16 mm) Ind. Hex Washer Head (5/16AF) b. Steel Stud Assembly: 14-14 x 2 inch (51 mm) Ind. Hex Washer Head (5/16AF) c. Wood Stud Fasteners: No. 14 HWH cladding, metal to wood fastener. d. Concrete Wall: 2-1/4 inch (57 mm) long No. 14 Tapcons C.

Product: 3.25 inch (83 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip: Assists in creating thermal break between interior and exterior of building. Reduces thermal transfer through building envelope. 1. Standards Compliance: a. ASHRAE 90.1, NECB, SB-10 compliant, with thermal analysis available. b. NFPA 285: Pass. c. CAN / ULC S134-13: Pass. 2. Clip Material: 14ga ASTM A792 Galvalume or ASTM A653 galvanized, steel. a. Salmon-Safe encapsulated coating. 3. Thermal Isolator Pad: Glass fibre reinforced polyamide. 4. Adjustment: Plus or minus 1/2 inch (13 mm) wall deviation. No shims required. 5. Insulation Thickness Range: 4 to 6 inch (101 to 152 mm) of insulation. 6. Fasteners: a. Girt Fastener: 10-16 x 5/8 inch (16 mm) Ind. Hex Washer Head (5/16AF) b. Steel Stud Assembly: 14-14 x 2 inch (51 mm) Ind. Hex Washer Head (5/16AF) c. Wood Stud Fasteners: No. 14 HWH cladding, metal to wood fastener. d. Concrete Wall: 2-1/4 inch (57 mm) long No. 14 Tapcons

Product: 4.75 inch (121 mm) ISO Thermo Isolation Clip: Assists in creating thermal break between interior and exterior of building. Reduces thermal transfer through building envelope. 1. Standards Compliance: a. ASHRAE 90.1, NECB, SB-10 compliant, with thermal analysis available. b. NFPA 285: Pass. c. CAN / ULC S134-13: Pass. 2. Clip Material: 14 ga ASTM A792 Galvalume or ASTM A653 galvanized, steel. a. Salmon-Safe encapsulated coating. 3. Thermal Isolator Pad: Glass fibre reinforced polyamide. 4. Adjustment: Plus or minus 1/2 inch (13 mm) wall deviation. No shims required. 5. Insulation Thickness Range: 5 to 8 inch (127 to 203 mm) of insulation. 6. Fasteners: a. Girt Fastener: 10-16 x 5/8 inch (16 mm) Ind. Hex Washer Head (5/16AF) b. Steel Stud Assembly: 14-14 x 2 inch (51 mm) Ind. Hex Washer Head (5/16AF) c. Wood Stud Fasteners: No. 14 HWH cladding, metal to wood fastener. d. Concrete Wall: 2-1/4 inch (57 mm) long No. 14 Tapcons

PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1

EXAMINATION

07 42 00 -12

3.2

3.3

3.4

Do not begin installation until substrates have been properly constructed and prepared.

Verification of Conditions: 1. Prior to installation, inspect structure to ensure all walls and openings are within plus or minus 1/8 inch (3 mm) of location shown on Architectural Drawings. 2. Structure is to be plumb within 1:1000 of overall height. Installation is not to proceed until the building is within these tolerances. a. Verification of site tolerances to be conducted using a 3D Laser Scanner. b. A report showing the deviations of the structure from the nominal condition will be created from the analysis of the point cloud. Scanning and analysis of the structure to be conducted by an approved service provider. 1) Approved Service Provider: TSC Inc. Phone: 416 803 0642.

If substrate preparation is the responsibility of another installer, notify Architect in writing of unsatisfactory preparation before proceeding.

PREPARATION A.

Clean surfaces thoroughly prior to installation.

Prepare surfaces using the methods recommended by the manufacturer for achieving the best result for the substrate under the project conditions.

Develop all dimensions from the Architectural Drawings and where possible coordinate with field dimensions to obtain final panel layout.

INSTALLATION A.

Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, approved submittals, and in proper relationship with adjacent construction.

Support system shall be attached to the structure as required to transmit design loads.

Framing and other components shall be straight to match plane of panel as required to meet the installed panel tolerances with straight, sharply formed edges.

After their correct position has been determined and allowances for expansion, building movement, uniform joint width and alignment of all parts has been determined, the components shall be permanently fastened.

Installed panels shall not deviate from overall plane or alignment by more than 1:1000. Joints shall be not less than their dimensioned width, or more than 5% greater than their dimensioned width at any location along their full length, and shall not be wavy, out of line or of different width from panel to panel.

Install flashings to divert all moisture to the exterior.

Install panels to structural supports by hidden mechanical fasteners, clips and perimeter framing extrusions.

SITE QUALITY CONTROL A.

Site Tests and Inspections: 1. Carry out thorough inspections of the air barrier and insulation in the system, prior to the enclosure and concealment of these Products. 2. Final inspection and approval of completed work shall be carried out by manufacturer's representative and Contractor or their designate.

07 42 00 -13

3.5

CLEANING AND PROTECTION A.

Clean products in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.

Touch-up, repair or replace damaged products before Substantial Completion.

END OF SECTION

07 42 00 -14

APPENDICES: ARCH 342 LAB 1

FA108 1

---

Level 6 84' - 0"

Level 5 70' - 0"

Level 4 56' - 0"

Level 3 38' - 0"

Assembly / Lounge 11 1279 SF

Level 2 20' - 0"

Level 1 0' - 0"

Elevation 1 - a Copy 1 1/2" = 1'-0"

Section 3 1/2" = 1'-0" Stack Room 12 4188 SF DN

LAB 1: OUTLINE INTEGRATED WALL FOCUS AREA CHRISTIAN GIBSON | STUDIO WHITE | ARCH 342 | SPRING 2022 0'

10' SCALE: 1/2" = 1'-0"

Arch 342: Spring 2022 ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 3.3

Cabrinha | Stannard

Lab 1: Integrated Wall Self-Assessment PLEASE NOTE: The following grading rubric is supplied for you to use as a check-off list. You must fill out this self-assessment (be honest) and include with your PDF.

Christian Gibson

self-assessment score total

Name

Craft and Layout (10 pts)

Appropriate range of lineweights, elements cut through graphically stand out / elements beyond recede in elevation with lighter lineweights. Section, Elevation and Plan are all precisely aligned using structural column lines to coordinate across plan, section, and elevation. Column lines are indicated with a centerline and column bubble. Elevation targets coordinate across elevation and wall section, and are correctly labeled (see example). Student Name, Studio and Discussion instructor Names, and Date are clearly indicated. This self-assessment scoring sheet is completed and submitted with drawings.

30 20

Primary Structure (30 pts total)

Structural System (concrete / steel / timber) is clearly identifiable. Floor deck is accurate with appropriate thickness of topping slab. Slab edge is clearly identified. Structure cut through is identified graphically (poché, darker lineweight) Framing beyond is indicated with lighter lineweights.

Envelope (20 pts)

Envelope has appropriate (believable) thickness, and Varies in thickness as appropriate to material variation, (curtain wall versus barrier wall). Large areas of glazing are clearly identified (curtain wall) and distinquished from punched openings.

Red Line Test (10 pts)

Continuous thick red line from start of exterior wall at foundation, up wall and over roof is clearly indicated.

Passive Response: Solar Control and Ventilation (20 pts)

Summer and Winter Sun Angles are indicated. Solar Control strategies are evident in massing, plane of glazing, and/or shading devices. Natural ventilation is evident through operable windows and is expressed in drawings through arrows or other graphic indication (legible but can be very light).

Active Response: HVAC (10 pts)

HVAC is identified in interstitial space (ceiling, raised floor, or in-floor radiant systems). Radiant systems should be indicated in slab with dashed line, and indicated with a note. If radiant systems are used, fresh air intake/supply must be indicated.

APPENDICES: ARCH 342 LAB 2

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APPENDICES: ARCH 342 LAB 3

gibson|studio white|spring 2022

lab 3

christian gibson|studio white|spring 2022

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D?89EL=:9OÿP9:C<?:ÿBE9ÿNB:9JÿD@ÿC:9EÿHEDK=J9JÿJB?BÿB@JÿJB?BÿHEDK=J9JÿFEDGÿHCN<=A<IÿBKB=<BN<9ÿ:DCEA9:QÿBA?CB<ÿF=9<JÿAD@J=?=D@:ÿGBIÿBFF9A?ÿAB<AC<B?9JÿDC?HC?OÿR=:=? LLLOR=:CB<STUO ADGÿO this iteration was a good first start, I looked up footcandle ratings for libraries and it said 10-60 as recommended by the ISE. these fixtures don’t really mesh well with my ceiling design though.

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D?89EL=:9OÿP9:Citeration <?:ÿBE9ÿNB:9JÿD@ÿC:9EÿHEDK=J9Jsurprised ÿJB?BÿB@JÿJB?BÿHEDK=J9JÿFEDGÿHCme N<=A<IÿBKB=<BN<with 9ÿ:DCEA9:QÿBA?CB<ÿFthe =9<JÿAD@J=?=D@:sheer ÿGBIÿBFF9A?ÿAB<AC<B?9amount JÿDC?HC?OÿR=:=? this LLLOR=:CB<STUOADGÿO of fixtures it recommends. the sheet said that for library stack rooms the lighting poweer density should be at 1.1. maybe if i chose a higher foot candle target for the previous iterations they would look more like this.

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611 5 15 !1 1 1 "#$ %& 5'0285

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515

gibson|studio white|spring 2022

Suspended Wood Slat Ceiling

S4LS U4 80CRI 27K 800LMF TUWH RHYTHM

Level 3 38' - 0"

Level 2 20' - 0"

Floor 2 Stack Room 1/4" = 1'-0"

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