Information brochure for sponsors
Montefiore Mill Jerusalem
Information brochure for sponsors for the restoration of the Montefiore Windmill in Jerusalem to its original operating condition A publication of: Christians for Israel Foundation Patroonstraat 1 P.O.Box 1100 3860 BC Nijkerk Tel. 033-245 88 24 info@christenenvoorisrael.nl www.christenenvoorisrael.nl
Measuring the mill in March 2007, the beginning of the restaurationplan.
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Index
Sir Moses Montefiore
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History of the mill
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History photo section
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Plans for the future
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Project ‘Care for Jerusalem’
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The historical significance of mills for Dutch society
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The working of a grain mill
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Montefiore’s mill seen through Dutch eyes
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Technical considerations (by G.H. Keunen)
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List of sponsor options
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Dear reader, Welcome to this brochure about the restoration of the Montefiore Windmill in Jerusalem. A remarkable windmill named after the Italian Jewish businessman Moses Montefiore, who donated it in the mid 19th century to help the poor, unemployed inhabitants of Jerusalem. Today, in 2008, the Foundation Christians for Israel - in co-operation with The Jerusalem Foundation (owner of the windmill) and the Municipality of Jerusalem – has decided to restore the windmill to its former glory. So that it can be again a symbol of hope and brotherhood. Over the last 150 years the windmill has deteriorated so badly that it is little more than an empty shell. Major work needs to be carried out to restore the sails and millstones to working order, so that the mill can again grind grain into flour. Sponsorship Restoration of the Montefiore Windmill will involve a significant financial investment. We need your help in order to complete this project. Christians for Israel is looking for sponsors who are interested in deepening their connection with Israel, and willing to invest in restoring this little piece of Holland in Israel. Sponsors of this project will not go unnoticed. Visitors to the windmill will be able to read the names of all those businesses that have assisted to make this project possible. In this brochure you will find various background information regarding the project, as well as a list of different ways you can sponsor this exciting project. You can choose yourself which part of the windmill you want to sponsor. What will it be – one of the sails, a floor or a part of the cap? Shalom and thank you.
Dick Schutte Chairman Christians for Israel - Holland
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Sir Moses Montefiore Moses Montefiore invested in his Jewish fellow man ‘Work and be grateful’ was the life motto of the Jew Moses Montefiore (1784-1885) who lived in London. He lived according to his own motto, and managed to amass a fortune while still a young businessman. Montefiore was a socially empathic man and decided to retire at the age of forty in order to be able to devote all his time and effort to his fellow Jews. He was active in the areas of industry, education and health care. Montefiore successfully struggled for the rights of Jews in both his own country and abroad. The Holy Land In 1827 Montefiore, together with his wife Judith, brought his first visit to the Holy Land, which was then part of the Ottoman (Turkish) empire. This was an important moment in the life of the married couple. From that moment on they dedicated themselves to the Jewish inhabitants of the region. “I hope to incite thousands of my brothers and sisters to return to the land of Israel. I am sure they will be happy when they can practice our holy religion in a way impossible in Europe.”, he said. Ages of oppression and persecution of the Jewish population had left the Jews little independence and self-reliance. According to Montefiore being selfreliant was a necessary precondition to establishing a Jewish national homeland in the territory then Sir Moses Montefiore (1784 - 1885) who travelled seven called ‘Palestine’. times to what is now Israel, in order to establish humani“Palestine must belong to the Jews and Jerusalem tarian projects there. is predestined to be the capital of a Jewish state.” Montefiore therefore stimulated the development of entrepreneurship in the production sector among the Jewish inhabitants and he financed the establishment of several agricultural communities. Jerusalem Montefiore was personally concerned for the fate of the inhabitants of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was then a city that had not yet expanded beyond its city walls, and was about a square kilometer in size. The situation in Jerusalem was bad - disease, overpopulation and robbing were the order of the day. “I wish for Jerusalem to develop in a better direction”, Montefiore wrote in his diary. He bought a plot of land outside the city, on which he built workmans’ houses, a printing office, a textile factory and the windmill we now know as Montefiore’s Mill. The mill provided cheap flour for the poor population of the city.
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History of the mill Southwest of the Old City lies the Yemin Moshe district which contains Montefiore’s Mill. The name of the district Yemin Moshe (right hand of Moses) reminds us of the man who laid the first stone of the first district outside the walled city of Jerusalem: Moses Montefiore. Yemin Moshe is a small but attractive neighborhood where many artists live. In the centre of the district is the mill. “An eye catcher, not only for the district, but for Jerusalem as a whole. Each year many tourists come to see the mill”, says Gerrit Keunen - initiator of our mill project and mill connoisseur. But the mill is also an attraction for the inhabitants of Israel. Brides and grooms take their pictures there. Soldiers, school children and other interested visitors come to the mill to find out more about the historical development of Jerusalem.
Many groups and individuals visit the historically important mill site.
Poverty in Jerusalem “In the nineteenth century Jerusalem was a small, walled and crowded city”, says our project leader Herman Schotanus. “At that point some five thousand Jews, Muslims and Christians inhabited the city, packed tightly together. Living outside the city was not an option for the inhabitants. The city walls provided needed protection, especially in the evening and at night. The overpopulation had consequences for the living conditions in the city. The streets were narrow and filled with waste. The streets stunk. The houses were small and neglected. The people led a life of poverty.” Montefiore saw the conditions and wanted to help the Jewish population. He decided to open a hospital. In the Old City he found a plot of land, but it turned out to be an unsuitable site for a hospital. The location was right next to an abattoir, a source of contagious diseases. Montefiore saw no other option than to buy a plot of land outside the city walls to be able to carry out his plan. In 1855 he bought a plot of land from the Turkish governor of Jerusalem, Ahmed Aga Dizdar. It was a barren piece of land on one of the hills southwest of the city.
The Montefiore coat of arms, situated above the entrance of the mill.
The sale agreement states: “Mr. Montefiore buys a plot of land for the purpose of building a hospital on it for the poor among the Israelites that live in Jerusalem and for doing with it as he sees fit.”
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Mill instead of hospital In the mean time the planned idea of constructing a hospital had been taken up by someone else, but the provision in the agreement “and for doing with it as he sees fit.” provided a way out. As soon as Montefiore arrived back in England after his visit to the Holy Land in 1855 he commissioned mill constructors from Canterbury to design and build a mill. In his diary Montefiore writes: “The mill constructors will build the mill in Jerusalem at the price of 1450 pounds sterling” (Quite a sum in those days, but today’s equivalent would be approximately a mere 1800 Euro). The mill in operation The construction of the mill started in 1857 and in 1858 the mill could grind its first grain. Montefiore mentioned in his diary why he wanted to have a mill in Jerusalem. “The poor should be able to buy their flour at a reduced price.” Grain was ground in the mill for some twenty years. After that the mill fell out of use on account of changing circumstances. The mill was probably in service until approximately 1878.
Drawing of the Mill from London News of 1858, probably drawn from a photo.
At that time the mill was still one of the few buildings outside the city walls of Jerusalem. It was not until 1892 that the construction of the Yemin Moshe district surrounding the mill was started as a solution for the overpopulation inside the city walls. Decay The mill became neglected and started decaying. In 1936 it was restored for the first time in a somewhat simplistic fashion as part of the scenery. During Israel’s 1948 War of Independence the Jewish defenders used the mill as an observation and defense post. The mill did not get through this war unscathed, because the British blew the roof off. After the war the young Jewish state preserved the mill as a monument. Israel repaired the mill ones again, but just on the outside. To satisfy appearances the mill was fitted with a couple of non-functional sails and a flat roof was placed instead of a cap. The present cap was build after the Six-Day War in 1967. Inside, the mill is entirely empty. The mill is there as an attractive piece of scenery for the entire city, but it is nothing more than that. That is a pity, because a mill should be running. If it does it comes to life and tells its own story.
During the Independence War in early 1948, the roof was blown off by the British with a lot of press coverage.
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History photo section
Mill with the housing development for poor Jews district in 1865-66.
The mill out of order in 1895. The sails are in a state of decay.
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Above: The mill in 1910, already heavily decayed, in a still almost rural area. One side of the wooden cap is already open.
Left: The mill in 1932, after nearly half a century of standstill and decay. The original cap and sails in a ruinous state. The heavy cast iron shaft that has sunk through the wooden construction now rests on top of the stone hull.
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Above: The mill in 1936 after the first ‘restoration’. No longer with its original cap, but with a flat roof. Two short beams with metal fencing give the impression of sails.
Left: The mill after 1948, with the roof opened up and the original cast iron shaft clearly visible. The explosion damage caused by the British has not yet been repaired.
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Plans for the future New life for the mill of Jerusalem Montefiore’s mill has now stood in Jerusalem for 150 years. The mill that once ground flour for the poor population of Jerusalem now stands sadly. The present cap and the sails can no longer turn and differ very much from the original. Even so, everybody in Israel is familiar with the mill. Standing very visibly in the Yemin Moshe district it is an attraction for tourists and inhabitants of Israel alike - a monument of national significance. Given these facts, we would very much like to restore the mill to its former glory, together with you. Much has to be done before the mill can once again be fully functional. Gerrit Keunen, the initiator, and Herman Schotanus are closely involved with the restoration. Gerrit Keunen has served for 35 years as an expert on mills with the National Service for Monument Care in the Netherlands. He is preparing the historical and technical aspects of the restoration. Herman Schotanus is the general manager of the project on behalf of Christians for Israel. In the Netherlands modern energy sources have taken over the work of mills. Yet in the Netherlands mills are still important enough to take care that they remain intact and remain functional as of old. It is a piece of culture, of cultural heritage, worth preserving. We wish to do the same in Israel. We want to give Montefiore’s mill a new life, so that it may tell its important story. A costly project The restoration is a costly project both in time and money. The Netherlands is a country of mills, and the mill is one of our national symbols. We cannot express our feelings of friendship more clearly and symbolically than by restoring their mill. We have already been busy with research on the mill for several months. In England we have found information, old drawings and photographs, so now we can be sure what the mill originally looked like. In Israel we have also had discussions with the municipal authorities and the Jerusalem Foundation, the current owner of the mill. Restoration plans approved The municipal authorities have recently approved the restoration plans, making the way free to commence the restoration. We expect that it will take approximately two years before the sails of mill will once again turn on the wind. A new cap is to be placed, including a miniature windmill on its tail. This little mill, called a ‘fantail’, works like a kind of ‘outboard motor’ and, just like in the old days, automatically keeps the cap with the sails turned to the wind. The mill will also be fitted with new sails and new internal works in the form of shafts and cogs. By placing new mill-stones, grain can once more be ground. Perhaps one may also be able to buy flour there again, as of old. The restoration of the mill is not an isolated project. The municipal authorities are renovating the entire district. In some places the road will be re-paved, buildings will be given a new purpose and near the mill there is to be a museum about the life of Moses Montefiore, initiator of the original construction of the mill.
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The mill still holds a special place in the townscape. Seen here from the Jaffa gate in the ancient city wall.
The robust construction by night.
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Project ‘Care for Jerusalem’ The restoration of the mill will be a symbol of hope and solidarity. Just as the mill gave the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the nineteenth century a new chance, so we wish to do the same with the project ‘Care for Jerusalem’. This project includes, apart from the restoration of the mill, three initiatives helping the underprivileged of Jerusalem. The mill will be a testimony for years of the bond of our nation with the Jewish people. It will be a sign of support and love for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, a gift to the state of Israel now celebrating its 60th anniversary. Aid to the most needy through soup kitchens One in four Israelis live below the poverty line, especially children and the elderly. Thousands of people are dependant on food aid. The organization Hazon Yeshaya provides such aid with its soup kitchens. This organization provides 14.000 free meals each day. Each meal may consist of soup, chicken, meat or fish, rice or pasta, boiled vegetables or a salad, fruit and bread. Each meal costs nearly 3.50 Euro, but the people receive it for free. Aid to survivors of terrorist attacks If anything is needed in a country surrounded by enemies, it is aid for people that suffer physically and mentally from terrorist attacks. Benjamin Philip, a Dutch Jew, saw this need when he founded the Hineni Centre in Jerusalem. Hineni helps survivors of terror-attacks to create a new existence. Each day the centre receives many requests for aid from people who have physical or emotional problems as a result of tragic events, and who are often as a result also having financial problems. Within the Hineni organization Judaism is not some outdated concept, it is a living, timeless source of wisdom. Hineni tries to offer help to troubled people and to bring Jews back to their Jewish roots. Aid to new Ethiopian immigrants The last few years groups of Ethiopian Jewish men, women and children have been arriving every month in their ‘home country’, today’s Israel. It would be difficult to imagine a bigger change for these people; the difference in culture and technical development is enormous. Once in Israel they have to learn all kinds of things and that costs a lot of time and money. They are, for example, not aware that when you light the gas on your stove you have to turn it off when finished. They are not familiar with matches or with boilers that heat the tap water.
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Hazon Yeshaya distributes many meals to schoolchildren. This is often the only meal they receive all day.
Survivors of terrorist attacks are taken care of at the Hineni Centre, which helps them deal with their traumas.
Jewish children from Ethiopia need intensive mentoring to integrate in the technologically advanced Israeli society.
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The historical significance of mills for Dutch society Mills are to the Netherlands what the pyramids are to Egypt: an internationally well-known and recognizable symbol and also an icon of our struggle with water through the ages. But the mill is more than that. “It is in the broadest sense the symbol of an entire (European) civilization�, says the Belgian mill connoisseur Paul Bauters and he is absolutely right. Man has always searched industriously for means to do more with less effort. At first, for example, by using horse or ox power in the horse mill, later on by using much larger energy sources: water and wind power. The ancient Greeks and Romans already knew how to use primitive water mills for the grinding of grain. More than a thousand years later the windmill was developed, around the year 1200 close to the English Channel.
A memorial stone from Edam (NL) depicting a horse mill.
Eventually wind and water mills were present in vast parts of Europe. They were the basis of the now technologically advanced European society. They were based on relatively simple but essential technical principles, on great durability and on using limitless sources of energy. Around 1300 the grain windmill started to spread in the Netherlands, being followed shortly after in the 1400s by the application of the drainage of polders. If the polder mill had not been available at that time, half of the Netherlands would not exist today. The use of wind power, mills and sailing ships, were the base of the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic. After 1850 the significance of the mill declined strongly because of the introduction of steam power. Less than 10% of the mills remain in the Netherlands today. The mill distinguishes itself from almost any other monument because it is essentially a machine rather than a static building. It was never meant to house people. The construction and design evolved functionally and are not based on architectural concepts. Through the ages it was refined technically more and more. The relation with water and wind had a great influence on the development of its surroundings, the mill biotope. The mill was there for everybody and served the common interest. Besides that it was a dominant feature in our flat landscape, because of its shape and size. The mill also played an important part in Dutch everyday life. The mill and the church were in a certain way the focal points of society and dominated the skyline of villages and towns. In terms of number and size mills do not have a striking place within the total number of monuments, inversely proportional to their vital role in the old days and their remaining great significance for our landscape. In centuries past the mill was the high-tech item of its day and the only old technology that, mainly in the form of functioning grain mills, still functions in Holland after seven centuries. Paul Bauters really was right: The mill is the symbol of the entire European civilization, an instrument to human standards, inseparably tied to the landscape and not just a monument of industrial archaeology. Mills should still be grinding, because that is the purpose for which they were once constructed. This also applies to the mill in Jerusalem.
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The working of a grain mill The use of wind power in sailing goes back a long time. There have been sailing ships within living memory. Putting wind power to use by means of a mill and converting it into a circular motion goes back to around the year 1200 in Europe. Times The first mills were wooden grain mills, so called post mills. Their defining feature is that the whole body of the mill housing with the machinery is mounted on a single vertical post, around which it can be turned to bring the sails into the wind. Later a type was developed with a solid body with a small cap with sails on it that could be turned, the so-called ‘tower mill’, just like the mill in Jerusalem. The wings Sails had to be spanned across the grid of the wings to make them turn. Just like on a sail ship the required amount of sail surface depended on the available wind power. Turning into the wind The post mill in ‘Chillenden’ in Kent, England To turn the mill into the wind, the rotating cap of the mill was fitted with a tail of beams. Usually this tail would have a kind of winch, with which the mill could be pulled around. Grinding stones The oldest grain mills had no more than one pair of grinding stones. The bottom stone lay on the floor and the top stone turned. For the purpose of the grinding process the grinding surface of the stones was given a certain pattern of grooves. The grain that was to be ground was poured in between the two stones, causing the grain to be ground into flour. Mills of the later ‘tower mill’ type were usually fitted with two or three pairs of grinding stones and a more complicated drive of shafts and cogs. Modern systems As you all know the Industrial Revolution first started in England, including the invention of the steam engine. The English also invented changes in the area of windmill technology. For example in 1745 they invented a self-turning system. A little mill (a ‘fantail’) was placed on the tail of the cap. If the mill were turned exactly into the wind, the fantail would stand still. If the wind should change, the fantail would start turning. As a kind of self-operating outboard motor the fantail would, by means of a system of shafts and cogs, turn the sails into the wind once again.
The fantail of the self-turning system.
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Half a century later, around 1807, the system of selfdirecting wings was developed. In this system the traditional wings, spanned with sails, were replaced by something resembling Venetian blinds that could be steered by a central system. This system could be variably tuned by the miller and was meant to give the mill a regular turning speed. Before this system, when the wind increased the miller had to adapt the surface of the sails on the wings in time. This was called yielding. It had to be done to prevent the mill from turning too fast and spinning out of control.
Wiekenkruis met kleppensysteem van de zelfzwichting.
Wind is by definition an irregular power source and with this new system gusts of wind no longer had the effect of increasing the speed. With a greater wind pressure the blinds would open automatically, thus simply letting the surplus wind pass. Grinding process The mill in Jerusalem was, as old pictures show, at the time constructed with self-turning and self directing systems. Once tuned by the miller it could work automatically, that is with regard to the power source, the wind driven ‘motor’. Of course the miller was constantly involved with the grinding process. For that purpose this mill had two pairs of grinding stones. Furthermore there was an hoisting installation in the top of the mill that was driven by the mill itself, for hoisting up the bags of grain for grinding. For this purpose a kind of hoisting shaft had been left open in the mill. In every floor there was a hoisting hole with two trap doors that would automatically be pushed open by the bag being hoisted up and would afterwards automatically fall back into the closed position again. The miller had to take care of the grain being raised and being fed between the grinding stones. He also had to take care of the correct adjustment of the stones and the sharpness of the grinding surfaces - everything that contributed to a good product, a good quality flour. The flour produced by the turning mill stone was gathered in bags, so every now and then a full bag had to be replaced by an empty one. Finally the bags of flour had to be taken down from the top floor to the ground level. The hoisting installation was probably used for this purpose as well. Brake To be able to make the mill ‘grind’ to a halt it has a brake, a kind of brake belt that goes around the big wheel of the wing shaft. This belt can be operated by the miller from the ground, by means of a long rope hanging down from the cap. A mill with self-direction is easier to brake than a mill with sails on the wings. The miller can open the blinds before braking and thus relieve the pressure on the wings to a significant extent.
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The Montefiore mill seen through Dutch eyes It is evident that the mill built in 1857 - ‘58 was technically sound and of high standard. The development and modernization of sweep-systems etc. and the use of cast- and wrought iron started earlier in England when compared with The Netherlands. The first cast iron windshaft, used in Nieuwkoop as an experiment, came from England. Around 1840 the use of this type of wind-shaft became more usual as these shafts were stronger and certainly more enduring than the wooden wind-shafts that preceded them. The oldest still-functioning cast iron windshaft in Holland dates from 1839 in a mill in Schiedam. In normal use these shafts practically last for eternity, and this holds good for the Montefiore Mill’s windshaft still embedded in the concrete top. Examining the shaft by X-ray will be required to find out whether the shaft is still sound, and whether the 1948 explosion in the cap caused any damage. The walls of this relatively small mill are, compared to Dutch mills, very thick and solidly built. At ground level the thickness is 100 cm and at each floor level the thickness reduces slightly, ending at 50 cm at the top. It is reasonable to expect that the foundation of the tower is embedded in the bedrock of Jerusalem. Compared to Dutch windmills with sweeps of 21 to 28 meters in diameter, and walls that are often half the thickness of those existing in the Jerusalem mill, the Dutch mills were much less solid.
De zeer hoge molen ‘De Vrijheid’ te Schiedam.
These mills were made much higher and their foundations were far less secure than the stability of the Jerusalem rock, not to speak of the storms that occur in the Atlantic regions. In The Netherlands as well as in England, after centuries of experience, a degree of perfection was reached empirically, and theoretical or technical calculations were and are never made. A restoration on the basis of this knowledge from England and The Netherlands can be trusted completely. The robust construction of the Montefiore mill and the many years she worked without mishap or constructive failure proves this statement. The mill stands firm and will continue into the future for another 150 years, in spite of the wars and minor earthquakes that occurred and might occur.
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Technical considerations (by G.H. Keunen) A small notebook dated 1857 remained and contains various details of this still-to-bebuilt corn windmill. This book could be looked at in the summer of 2007 and is now in the possession of Geoff Holman of Littlebourne Kent who is offspring of the mill boulders of that time. We can read measurements of the stone tower and of floors at various levels, and there are also small sketches. It is not certain how much these items were altered during the actual construction. The impression is that the mill was originally intended to be shorter than it was made in reality, but perhaps the sweeps were thought not to have been high enough to catch the winds of Jerusalem, and an extra cylindrical portion was added underneath as a remedy. This change of plan would explain the distinctive shape of the tower-mill, although this shape was not uncommon in Kent. From the article in the Illustrated London News of 1858 we learn that “the mill had two pairs of millstones and flour dressing and wheat-cleaning machinery”. In the notebook we found a small sketch of the final drive: a spur-wheel with two cogwheels for the two opposite pairs of millstones and a smaller cogwheel, probably for driving the “machinery” mentioned. The spur-wheel is drawn with six spokes meaning that the wheel was intended to be made of cast iron. A detail next to the tower sketch shows a measurement of 62’, this is thought to be the span i.e. the diameter of the four sweeps, 18,90 meters.
De oorspronkelijke vorm van de molen is nog steeds kenmerkend.
The mill was to be built by ‘the Millwrights of Canterbury Messrs. J.J. & T.R. Holman at the cost of £1,450.’ The first stone was laid on the 5th of May 1857. On Friday 27th of February 1857 we read an advertisement in The Jewish Chronicle and the Hebrew Observer, asking for a Jewish miller: WANTED, For the Holy City of Jerusalem, a JEWISH MILLER who thoroughly understands the working of a Windmill with self-acting sweeps, DRESSING the STONES, and the requisite adjustment of a Flour-machine working with a Wired Cylinder and revolving brushes. Applications by letter, giving reference: respecting ability moral and religious character, &c., to be addressed to Alexander J. Montefiore, Esq., Alliance Office, Bartholomew-Lane, London.
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The British Consul in Jerusalem wrote in a letter on January 1st 1858: “and an expensive windmill will be completed.” In 1858 the construction was completed and the mill was operative. A picture taken by M.J. Diness in April of that year shows it all: The mill is complete at that time with the shutters of the sweeps closed, indicating the mill was working in a wind from the North-West. Obviously the mill was braked to a standstill for the sake of the long exposure required to make the picture! This and other old pictures show the white paint on the cap and the woodwork of the sweeps etc. not unusual in Kent then and now, and in the hot climate of Jerusalem a desirable colour. A list of materials and spare parts for repairs, dated 1867 confirms the use of “coats of best White Paint”. Lack of maintenance eventually caused the mill to deteriorate and the white colour changed to a darker patina as we can see on the later pictures.
The brandnew mill in April of 1858.
The list of 1867 yields interesting information: “200 new shutters of vanes for the Sweeps”, “72 new Cogs for the Brake Wheel” and “50 new Cogs for the Stone Pinions” (smaller cogwheels). Examining the old pictures we can see the high mounting of the fantail in relation to the cap and its light construction as well as that of the platform. The diameter of the fantail is estimated at 2,50 meters. The sweeps diameter was 62 ft (approx. 18,9 mtr.) and it seems that the upper shutter of each sweep is situated quite far from the centre of the wind-shaft. Based on the gathered knowledge by visiting English mills in 2007 and studying old photo’s of Montefiore’s mill, reconstructions of the cap were made by Vincent G. Pargeter (EN) and Gerrit H. Keunen (NL) independently. Both drawings were very similar. It is to be expected that further historical research will give us even more details. Based on the present knowledge, it is possible to make a reconstruction plan that is historically and technically sound and accurate.
This English mill in Kent has similarities to the mill in Jeruzalem.
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List of sponsor options In the tower 1.
stairs bottom floor
€ 1.000,-
First floor (grinding floor): 1. girders 2. floor 3. trapdoor sack hoist 4. stairs
€ 5.000,€ 2.500,€ 500,€ 1.000,-
Second floor (stone floor): 1. girders 2. floor 3. trapdoor sack hoist 4. stairs
€ 5.000,€ 2.500,€ 500,€ 1.000,-
Third floor (wheat bin floor): 1. girders 2. floor 3. trapdoor sack hoist 4. stairs
€ 4.500,€ 2.000,€ 500,€ 1.000,-
Fourth floor (cap floor): 1. girders 2. floor
€ 3.000,€ 2.000,-
Top of the tower 1. 2.
wooden curb in two parts, on part cast iron curb in six parts, one part
€ 4.000,€ 1.000,-
Cap construction 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
2 wooden heers (main beams), one piece weather or breastbeam front side cap front part of overring 14 sliding plates under the cap, one peace sprattle beam with top bearing upright shaft 3 beams centering wheels, one part 5 centering wheels, one part tail beam rear beam cap
€ 2.000,€ 2.500,€ 4.000,€ 2.000,€ 100,€ 30.000,€ 500,€ 500,€ 2.500,€ 500,-
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11. rear facade cap 12. cap rib, one part 13. roof covering, per half
€ 3.500,€ 500,€ 3.000,-
Fantail 1. 2. 3.
fantail with 6 blades, one blade iron parts and assembling system fantail stage
€ 500,€ 5.000,€ 6.000,-
Four sails 1. 2. 3.
2 stocks, one part operation system shutters, per sail approximately 200 shutters, one shutter
€ 9.000,€ 3.500,€ 100,-
Mechanism 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
neck bearing windshaft tail bearing windshaft brake wheel completely brake upright shaft with bearings wallower sack hoist great spur wheel 2 millstones, a piece iron pieces millstone stone nut flour vat flour shoot wooden ring (vat) cast iron bridge operation mechanism millstone governor pulley block
€ 600,€ 600,€ 30.000,€ 10.000,€ 10.000,€ 6.000,€ 8.000,€ 3.000,€ 2.500,€ 5.000,€ 5.000,€ 5.000,€ 1.500,€ 1.000,€ 4.000,€ 2.000,€ 7.000,€ 1.000,-
Painting 1.
Cap, sails and fantail, one part
€ 6.000,-
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