The case of the water insecure: building a national, regional and global coalition Dr. Letitia A. Obeng Chair Global Water Partnership
WATER
Sources: UN Water/internet
Cooperation is crucial! Water Food Energy
CC
Finance
Conflicts
Problems are interconnected Mohamed AIT KADI GWP/TEC
Zimbabwe: rainfall and GDP growth 3.0
10.0 1.0 5.0
0.0 -1.0 1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
0.0 1979
Real GDP growth (%)
2.0
-2.0
-5.0 -3.0
Real GDP grow th (%) -10.0
Variability in Rainfall (Meter)
Variability in Rainfall (Meter)
15.0
-4.0
Years
Correla7on between GDP and Rainfall in Zimbabwe (Source: David Grey )
Challenges Population Urbanization Food Security Climate Change
GWP communications
US$/ton
800 600 400 200 0
Corn Wheat Rice Oil (right scale)
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
US$/barrel
Everything is connected‌
Source: von Braun 2008 with data from FAO 2008 and IMF 2008.
Hungry people in the developing world
Riots
The volatility in food prices in 2008 should be treated as a warning sign of what is to come!
Mohamed AIT KADI GWP/TEC
The age of consequences Increasing food insecurity More competition over water resources
Migration Difficulties of supplying cities State failures International conflicts Mohamed AIT KADI GWP/TEC
Increased Frequency & Intensity of Floods & Droughts
AFP-Getty Images
(Sources David Grey, http://www.companysj.com/v244/hurricane.html)
Increasing risk
Global Development Center
Reuters
(Source David Grey )
(Source:David Grey )
Source David Grey
We need to learn from each other Water Food Energy
CC
Finance
Conflicts
Problems are interconnected Mohamed AIT KADI GWP/TEC
Water Security Vital for a better future in which: • there is enough water for people’s social and economic development and for ecosystems. • the world is better able to harnesses water's productive power and minimize the impact of its destructive force.
Index includes: access to improved drinking water and sanitation; the availability of renewable water and the reliance on external supplies; the relationship between available water and supply demands; and the water dependency of each country's economy.
UN Water Review of IWRM Planning • 125 countries reviewed • 64% of countries have development plans • 34% of these plans are advanced in implementation
Building Water Security through the IWRM • IWRM is the means to an end, an approach, a set of tools • Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximise economic and social welfare in an equitable manner, without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems and the environment
Geography Resources endowment/ variability Trade Democracy & Governance Power asymmetries Diplomatic relations Political regimes Colonial heritages‌.
Mohamed AIT KADI GWP/TEC
Opportunities for Cooperation - River Type of Cooperation
The Challenge
The Opportunities
Increasing the benefits to the river
Degraded water quality, watersheds, wetlands, and biodiversity
Improved water quality, river flow characteristics, soil conservation, biodiversity and overall sustainability
Increasing benefits from the river
Increasing demands for water
Improved WRM (Agri +hydrop) flood-drought management, navigation, environmental conservation, water quality and recreation
Reduced costs because of the river
Tense regional relations and political economy impacts
Coop& Dev < Dispute/ conflict, food/ energy selfsufficiency > security, ..
Increasing benefits beyond the river
Regional fragmentation
Integration of regional infrastructure, markets and trade
C.W. Sadoff, D. Grey / Water Policy (2002)
A Water Secure World • High level leadership and ownership • Stakeholder involvement and ownership • Financed water management plans for implementation • Strong inter-sectoral cooperation • Institutions • Information • Infrastructure • Managing trade-offs • Good governance
Local, global, regional, cooperation Water Food Energy
Mohamed AIT KADI GWP/TEC
CC
Finance
Conflicts
Problems are interconnected & Cannot be solved by 1 country alone
Keys for Success • Measurement to assess and improve performance, supported by clear policies • Convene the players needed to develop better solutions across sectors • Lead change locally through governmentcorporate-civil society partnerships supported by financial instruments