8102 tsugua
AEC
ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
The Convergence of Construction and Manufacturing
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Industrialized Construction
GNED ENITSIRHC YB TRA REVOC
table of con tents 03 04
Key Messaging Opportunities & Challenges
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Story of IC -- SUSTAINABILITY
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Some Words From Our Customers
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Humans of AUTODESK Reality Check: Robotics & Automation
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Iconography Media Gallery: Photo & Video & Infographic To Top it Off
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by, Christine Deng for the Autodesk AECPR Team Contact Allison.Masci@autodesk.com With Any Questions
100 Words
key messaging
Industrialized Construction (IC) represents the entirety of revolutionary possibilities through technological construction beyond traditional procedures. It currently involves the development of efficient construction through automation and technical breakthrough – the convergence of manufacturing and construction – attracting benefits like increased labor productivity and safety along with decreased waste and overall cost. These benefits require project delivery management, which demand conversion into the continuous assembly and installation of structures, made of prefabricated large-scale units built in factory. With Autodesk field management and construction software, users can deliver maximized planning, coordination, and control through design insight and project predictability from preconstruction through execution.
50 Words Industrialized Construction (IC) represents the sum of revolutionary possibilities within technological construction. It currently involves the development of efficient construction through automation and technical breakthrough – the convergence of manufacturing and construction – attracting benefits like increased labor productivity and safety along with decreased waste and overall cost.
25 Words Industrialized Construction (IC) represents the realm of possibilities within technological construction. It currently involves developing construction efficiency through the convergence of manufacturing and construction.
Fourth Industrial Revolution
Design for Manufacture and Assembly
Prefabrication
Modularization
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is the conception of the real world blurring with the technological world, as characterized by a merging of technologies between the physical, digital, and biological spheres. In disrupting almost every industry, the incoming changes demand the transformation of management, production, and data.
Prefabrication can be organized by "on-site" and "offsite" (factory).On-site methods call for assembly of the building elements before arriving at its actual location. Off-site techniques include the on-time delivery transfer of building operations from site to factory. Advantages include the mass production of units, reduction of cost and time and improved caliber of work.
DFMA combines two methodologies, Design for Manufacture, which ensures the design will focus on the simplicity of parts for manufacturing, and Design for Assembly, which ensures the design will focus on the simplicity of assembly.
Modularization is a process by which the construction of a building is taken offsite, inside of a controlled environment, using the same codes and standards as traditionally built facilities while cutting down about half the time.
opportunities & challenges OPPORTUNITIES = CHALLENGES - - Automation of Robotics
Robotics are increasingly automating production processes, leading IC towards bigger and bigger efficiencies of scale. Gustafson* anticipates the use of robotics in IC growing from single to complex multitrade applications. “Multi-trade [prefabrication] right now is a very manual process, because it's complex. Whereas we're seeing robotics being used in component based fabrication today with wood frame and precast concrete. However, once we can get assembly-based robotics to the point where it can assemble many different systems together—now that, I think, creates a new opportunity: the cost will be able to go down.”
- Standardization of Data
The second innovation Eggers highlights promises to speed adoption and growth of IC by connecting disparate pieces of the design and build value chain. “You need data standards, so there's a common way to integrate data across lots of different companies, constituents, and stakeholders,” says Eggers. When it comes to bringing different parts of the value chain together in an integrated process, BIM sets IC up for success now, and in the future. As Gustafson points out, “BIM is helping teams speak the same language, digitally. So, if we're going to talk about multi-trade adoption [of IC], that means multi-discipline design. And multi-discipline design needs to be thinking about constructability downstream: that's exactly what DfMA is. BIM enables design to think about constructability, not just for one component at a time, but for all the disciplines together. And this is where Revit, as a multi-discipline BIM platform, which now extends design to fabrication, is unique to facilitate this.”
- - Cloud Connected Tools
*Source: Michael Floyd Individuals Mentioned: Mike Mike Eggers, VP of Product & Innovation at Project Frog & Michael Gustafson, Industry Strategy Manager for Structural Engineering at Autodesk
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“Lastly,” says Eggers, “you need accessible, cloud-connected tools and applications. And to make those things widespread, you need a platform that enables them. Up to now, there’s been no iOS or Android for the AEC software industry.” But the game is changing with open platforms like Autodesk Forge, and Eggers sees this as fertile ground for an explosion of IC-enabling software applications. “To address the multitude of needs across this industry, you need thousands and thousands of applications to address lots of different workflows, some being extremely specific. It requires new innovative ways of working. And then if you have a common platform to develop against, you'll start thinking about new applications. I think people will naturally migrate to a cloud-enabled environment to develop those applications. That's really what we're excited to be developing on with Forge, is having that common platform out there in the world.”
pt.2 CHALLENGES = OPPORTUNITIES - Re-shape Regulation
Lastly, regulatory frameworks have been slow to adapt to new construction technologies. As Eggers puts it, “I think as much as we can leapfrog or integrate data flows and ways of working with the different stakeholders across the project, when it comes to regulatory bodies, there's no incentive for them to change. It becomes a big impediment.” Project Frog can design a school in a week and build it in two months, but it might still sit in regulatory review for 4 to 6 months. Bureaucracy isn’t yet moving at anywhere near the speed of DfMA.
- - Rethink Design and Engineering Process
Meanwhile, design practice has been slow to embrace design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA). An often-cited design challenge to broad adoption of industrialized construction is the perceived limit to customization. As Gustafson puts it, “We haven't created enough business models where you can get masscustomized building solutions. You can get very highly customized ones and then you can get highly massproduced ones. But to get that in-between, the mass-customization at scale, which the automobile industry does so well, hasn't been achieved yet.” But the difficulty of this challenge is, arguably, a matter of perspective. Indeed, Project Frog is already tackling the challenge of mass-customization head-on, providing a way for architects, builders, and owners to create customized buildings through a standardized set of building components, or, “kit of parts.” Gustafson is quick to acknowledge this achievement: “Project Frog and others, they say we're at a tipping point on design flexibility. Older perceptions that you can't get the customization owners want without paying for it no longer apply.”
- Rewire Contract Framework
“When you start bleeding shared risk around, people get very uncomfortable in a very risk-adverse industry,” says Eggers. “It's sharing risk that hasn't been shared prior. So there's a fundamental shift that has to happen there in how contracts are structured, how insurance works. Even just bidding on jobs gets problematic, because contractors now have to change how many crews they need to frame the building.” The perceived drawbacks of shared risk are likely to be less of an issue for vertically integrated firms already experimenting with IC. “These large turnkey GCs that self-perform some prefab, those ones would be more apt to kind of merge both worlds, the multi-trade and the single trade together,” says Gustafson. The above challenges are real but surmountable, and the future won’t wait. Contract structures, ways of designing, and bureaucratic frameworks all evolve under enough pressure, and pressure is mounting. As demand for new buildings explodes, and contractors are expected to deliver high-quality results faster, cost-effectively, under safe working conditions, the needle will have to move. In the meantime, just as mobile money came on the heels of mobile telephony, we’re already seeing signs of innovation on top of IC’s success thus far. Eggers identifies three key innovations taking it to the next level and further catalyzing adoption: 1) automation, 2) data standards, and 3) cloud-connected tools.
NICOLAS MANGON:
IT'S NOT EVEN A QUESTION OF WHETHER THE INDUSTRY WILL MOVE IN THIS DIRECTION, ONLY HOW QUICKLY. 60 .p
AUTODESK VICE PRESIDENT AEC STRATEGY & MARKETING
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THE STORY
B
y 2050, it’s said there will be 10 billion* people on the planet, that’s over 30% more than today, in just over 30 years. 75% of those people are expected to live in cities, many of which haven’t even been built yet. It’s estimated that to keep up with the demand, we’ll need to build 1,000 additional new buildings every day by then.
With an opportunity to dramatically increase productivity numbers, Construction's impact on the world economy could be maximized further, an additional $1.6 trillion to be exact which meets half the globe's infrastructure needs.
But how? Industrialized construction, which automates the design and construction process offsite, reduces waste, speeds up building timelines and improves quality, all while reducing cost.
While construction consumes 6% of the world's GDP, the sector's yearly productivity growth has grown 1% in the past two decades in comparison to 2.8% for the global economy and 3.6% for manufacturing.
The construction industry must change to keep up, and at the same time reduce costs; reduce the environmental impact by improving resource and energy productivity; and boost economic development in general. No small task, but with digitization, and by bringing manufacturing processes to the construction industry, Autodesk believes it's possible.
Behind fragmented productivity levels, there may be some insight into how we can improve the quality of the construction process. The necessity for integrated design and project delivery is more prevalent than ever.
Sources: United Nations, UNICEF, Mckinsey Global Institute
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September 2015
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S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
Sources: PrefabMarket, World Economic Forum, Boston Consulting Group
Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, freecontent encyclopedia project. | wikipedia.com
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Construction is said to be responsible for half of all waste in the US, with an average  of 30% waste per project. With industrialized construction, also referred to as Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), research suggests site waste could be reduced by 70-90%. There’s also improved performance-in-use of environmental controls (better assembly and factory-based commissioning) that is expected to see up to a 30% reduction in carbon emissions. It also opens up new possibilities for novel material uses, supporting improved performance and end-of-life recycling. Overall, IC enables maximized sustainability throughout all of its phases.
AUTODESK
CUSTOMER SUCCESS STORY
A LOOK INTO INDUSTRIALIZED CONSTRUCTION THROUGH THE LENS OFÂ
OUR CUSTOMERS
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MILLER ELECTRIC Jacksonville, Florida, United States
The AEC Collection enables real-time coordination—both internally between the office, the fabrication shop and the worksite, and between Miller Electric Company and the engineer, general contractor, and other trades. According to Creel, everyone on the Baptist MD Anderson project is using Revit to draft the entire mechanical, electrical, plumbing, architectural, and structural features of the building, sharing the models via Autodesk® Navisworks® Manage.
This gives each stakeholder access to a realtime 4D model of every detail down to each piece of conduit or pipe. Using Navisworks, they are able to understand spatially how it will all fit together, and understand when each piece of equipment will be fabricated and installed. The entire project can be charted in real time in the cloud using Autodesk® BIM 360 Glue, from breaking ground to testing the lights — ensuring transparency and on-time delivery.
“OTHER TRADES HAVE SEEN US WORK SMARTER, AND WE’VE BECOME A LEADER ON THE JOBSITE" The “just-in-time” workflow enabled by Revit and Navisworks allows Miller Electric Company to work efficiently—meeting timelines while guaranteeing the consistency and quality of the installation. Most importantly, according to Creel (Vice President of Preconstruction Services), the streamlined workflow creates a significantly safer, more environmentally-friendly workspace due to the elimination of fabrication and excess materials on site, and the reduction in the number of times that an installer has to climb a ladder.
In addition, because Miller Electric Company is so coordinated, electric is often installed first before the other trades—a break from the norm where electric is typically installed last. “Other trades have seen us work smarter, and we’ve become a leader on the jobsite,” Creel said. “We go in, make our installations, and are out of there quickly and safely. Rather than playing catchup, we can push the timeline.”
OFFSITE TO ONSITE "We have a 100% success rate on all of our units that we’re delivering to the jobsite. And the only way that we’re able to have that high level of success rate is by having the information and the tools available to us delivered by Autodesk and BIM." — Alan Creel Vice President of Preconstruction Services, Miller Electric Company
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AECOM
Los Angeles, California, United States The concept of a modular healthcare construction laboratory evolved from an encounter with a vendor: In May 2015, AECOM Hunt Senior Vice President of Healthcare, Kurt Stahl, and his team were approached by DIRTT, a technology-driven manufacturer of highly customized interiors, who had created a prefabricated patient room. They were certain it would realize schedule savings and increase reliability in healthcare construction and they wanted to
demonstrate – would we be interested in proving it?
The success of their experiment gave our healthcare team a tantalizing view of the potential for modular and prefabricated construction in the healthcare space—as well as a better understanding of where problems may arise. In order to gain further experience in healthcare- specific prefabrication and modular construction, the “self-perform building” became “Studio H”: a construction laboratory where we can validate new construction technologies and show our clients the results first-hand,
while teaching our field staff new methods of installation.
Accepting the challenge, Kurt and his team built two rooms side-by-side in what was then known as “the old self-perform building”: one, comprising DIRTT’s modular patient room, was completed in five-and-a half-days, from layout to punch-out; the second, a conventional stick-built patient room, took 15 days.
The benefits of prefabrication include reduced cost, better quality, improved construction schedule, opportunity to overcome local labor shortages, and improved safety performance. Additionally, there are higher warranties on prefabricated components and the cost is net zero (an average of .9%, easily recouped through prefab-related time savings).
PART LABORATORY, PART SHOWROOM Studio H is part laboratory, part showroom. Located in a warehouse in Indianapolis, Studio H contains mock-ups of prefabricated elements that have been successfully deployed on a range of projects, incorporating everything from corridor racks to headwalls to individual bathroom pods. Our design and construction teams use it to experiment with and train on the latest in prefabrication and modular technologies; develop new systems in collaboration with manufacturers and vendors; and show clients first-hand how modular and prefabricated construction can benefit their projects, as manufacturing and fabricating elements of a project offsite can provide significant opportunities to lower cost, enhance quality and expedite delivery.
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J.C. CANNISTRARO, LLC Watertown, Massachusetts, United States
J.C. Cannistraro—a mechanical construction firm headquartered in Watertown, Massachusetts—provided HVAC fabrication and installation services for the project. Cannistraro has invested significantly in both Building Information Modeling (BIM) and prefabrication technologies to improve quality and efficiency. The firm was an early adopter of BIM, fully implementing Autodesk® Fabrication CADmep™ in 2003. On a recent large mechanical project, the team leads saw an opportunity to showcase
the value of prefab by creating a modular mechanical assembly that they call a Prefabricated Equipment Skid, built in Cannistraro’s shop then delivered to the building site and installed as a single unit, rather than the traditional method of craning in all the components and tying them together onsite. The development of the Prefab Skid reduced waste and onsite installation time while increasing safety, as well as reducing the footprint of the mechanical systems, but created the challenge of making the building fit the skid.
“WE PAY ATTENTION TO DETAILS AND STRIVE TO BE THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD FOR QUALITY AND RELIABILITY IN MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION. AUTODESK FABRICATION CADMEP SOFTWARE HELPS US ACHIEVE THAT GOAL.” - ERIC BECK (PROJECT MANAGER, J.C. CANNISTRARO) To answer this challenge, Tyler Alston, a project manager for Cannistraro, worked closely with the top stakeholders in the project, from the owner on down, presenting and developing the Prefab Skid as a custom module for the building. Alston was able to present the savings in time and efficiency to the stakeholders, then work with them to make the changes in the design of the building so the skid could be installed as a unit.
During this process of design and negotiation, Navisworks software was instrumental in demonstrating the scope and details of the project as well as the new requirements to implement it. Prefab Skid Savings: - 110 Field Hours - 18 Material Handling Hours - 13% Cost Savings - 2 Weeks off the Schedule
BIM AND PREFAB, THE PERFECT FIT “We use prefabrication whenever possible. It gives us a controlled environment and lets us perform months of work beforehand—helping to increase project quality and safety while minimizing project cost and schedule.” — Eric Beck Project Manager J.C. Cannistraro, LLC
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"We need disruptive technology, pioneer customers willing to take risks. We need to scale and need to show the way to others."
Nicolas Mangon
VP, AEC STRATEGY & MARKETING
HUMANS OF AUTODESK EXECUTIVE QUOTES
"Today, we have to do it. If you think about the macroeconomics and the population of moving to cities, population growing and aging. We will need to double the size of all cities on the planet by 2050. By 2050 we will be 7 billion people living on the planet, today we are 3.5. We need to really increase productivity. And using manufacturing processes that have been proven for mass production need to be applied for the construction industry."
“Yet once construction sites are equipped with all kinds of sensors, it will be possible to understand where people spend their time, how machines are
to transform. I believe we are uniquely positioned
used, and if the materials have been delivered or
because we have the portfolio to support – design
installed. All this information will be captured and
and construct – business and manufacturing –
aggregated on a dashboard in the cloud. The Big
cars and machines and airplanes – we can bring
Data can then be analyzed to start identifying
the two technologies and industries together.”
trends about what’s working—or not working.”
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“We want to enable our customers to be able
Jim Lynch
VP, CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT LINE
“This enables designers, the trades, and contractors to model with greater levels of detail that can help drive the fabrication process more seamlessly.”
Phil Bernstein AUTODESK FELLOW
“Cloud technology becomes important in construction project management because it fundamentally changes the rules of access.”
“For us, industrialized construction is really “Project management is creating discipline about the adoption of manufacturing over the value inherent in the exchange of methods and processes to improve outcomes data.” in the construction industry." “It’s the idea of taking some of the work “It [BIM360] creates an environment for all that’s been traditionally done on the jobsite swimmers.” and moving that to a factory—a more controlled, predictable and safer environment."
Sarah Hodges
"Today, we are spending a lot of time and research and development into how we more seamlessly design to the right level of detail and specification to directly manufacture, and this is taking on aspects of machine-learning intelligence to identify patterns that will help in architecture and get that model ready for fabrication."
“What we think about here is industrialized construction. We think of that as having three main components. The first is design for manufacture. The second component is what happens in the factory in terms of prefabrication and modular construction, and the third is what happens on the construction site itself. So we seamlessly design directly for manufacture, we manufacture the component in the factory, and then we install it on site."
“The emergence of wearables and the IoT is introducing an era of safety and productivity for the construction industry across all disciplines. The use case is absolutely prime for construction: safety, location tracking, labor, time. People walk around the jobsites with their hard hats, glasses, and walkie-talkies. Start imagining a world that leverages sensors in the hats, goggles and maybe even something on their wrists to completely integrate the work and build environment."
SR. DIRECTOR, CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS STRATEGY AND MARKETING
Reality Check: Robotics and Our Future WORDS BY Mehmet Sinan Bermek, Quantum Fabrication Intern
A philosophical opinion piece from one of our very own BUILD Space interns. “Where is the line in the sand when it comes to robots?” I had to think long and hard about how to frame the question when the opportunity to spare a few words about automation and robotics’ impact on the labour market presented itself.
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On one hand we have pervasive imagery regarding helpers or robots* in popular culture, ranging from extremely relatable WALL-E** to ominous HAL 9000 ; on the other hand, when mentioned in realistic contexts they can be portrayed as a threat to the livelihood of large chunks of the global population. How come there is such a big disconnect between the two extremes? Why does our collective consciousness treat robots and machinery as extraneous agents to our fate when, within the same context, we measure the advancedness of such sentience by how successfully they can imitate our own species?
Let us focus on our field, namely Technology, Construction and Manufacturing. Industrial robotics has debuted clamorously with Unimate in General Motors in 1961, it provided some now very routine but very beneficial tasks such as welding and displacing heavy parts in the manufacturing lines limiting the exposure of workers to toxic fumes and collapse and crimping hazards. These sound much nobler pursuits compared to the selling points of previous automation technologies. Previous automation technologies such as water and windmills that had a very sudden effect on society, by creating non commensurate advantages in smelting and forging weaponry in medieval contexts and partially paving the way of localized industrialization fed by global colonialism through centuries.
---------------* Pretty problematic ways of referring to increasingly complex machinery considering they postulate inferiority to human needs and recall serfdom respectively. Čapek(1920),’R.U.R.’ ** Whose homicidal behaviour is revealed to be the result of additional subroutines added to the their programming due to political pressure in later novels by Arthur C. Clarke. *** A hilarious take on the economic implications of tireless sentient labourers is offered in late Sir Terry Pratchett’s 2007 novel Making Money.
Jacquard Looms - a very archetypal example of industrial computation- have completely changed the labour landscape, prompting the development of a completely new set of economic and labour axioms that have characterized the period between 1848 and 1970’s when Bretton Woods agreement was abandoned in favour of the current freely floating value paradigm reigning the global economy***. The wider adoption of industrial robotics with (PUMA’s and similar more versatile robots) has coincided with the onset of this new economy that is more rooted in leverage potential than manufacturing capacity in the short lived inception stage of its agents. This has seeped into our common parlance through more fluid terms like ‘business’ or lately, investment leverage models coined as ‘start-up’s. Arguably as there was a huge shift happening in the value production and distribution
methods; the effects of automation have had a secondary impact in the more critical aspects of industrial and economical changes of the last 40 years. We have come to judge as counterintuitive the more contained fall in manufacturing jobs in countries adopting automation than those who simply downsized manufacturing in favour of a wider share of profit for the clerical and managerial labourers*. We might have given up on the flying cars prominently featured in the fiction coeval to the deployment of George Devol’s Unimate yet morally we need to consider what our role as people will be in a future society. So whether it is Rosie the Riveter or Rosie the Robot, as a society we need to consider the following questions more frequently: What is the value we ascribe to labour involved in creating the products or services we desire and rejoice as a society? Couldn’t the loss of need for human labour for manufacturing be a way of more mainstream adoption of currently radical ideas like UBI in line with Keynesian predictions? Maybe this text is eliciting more questions and points towards informed discussion rather than prescribing answers, but as uncomfortable it may sound, the solution to our current dichotomy between offering more jobs to general populace and having a more efficient industry lies therein.
-----------* Germany lost just 19 percent of its manufacturing jobs between 1996 and 2012 compared to a 33 percent drop in the United States.- Greaetz, Michaels (2015-2018) ‘Robots at Work’
relevant iconography
build
analyze
learn
design
create
save
construct
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think
http://bit.ly/autodesk_iconography
http://bit.ly/autodesk_photos http://bit.ly/autodesk_videos
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photo & video gallery
http://bit.ly/autodesk_infographic
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infographics
TO TOP IT OFF For this to become a reality, it’s now our job to build a global understanding of how technology is transforming our world and reshaping our economic, social, cultural, and human landscape. Today we are at the forefront of technological revolution, every decision made is fundamental to deliver exceptional promise. Those trapped by traditional, one dimensional methods lose the opportunity to work strategically with the forces of disruption and innovation affecting our formidable futures.
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To top it off, everything is rooted in people and values. We have to put people at the forefront of all decisions and ensure their empowerment. Rather than losing ourselves to the fears of the Fourth Industrial Revolution “robotizing” humanity, through its darkest lens, we must pivot our thinking to realize the beauty of it all. The beauty of human nature in its finest form is that we naturally complement all forces with creativity, empathy, and direction. Technological advancement can elevate humanity into a collective and moral state of awareness based on a shared sense of fate.
WE WOULD LIKE TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE FOLLOWING TEAMS FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS PLAYBOOK: AEC PR BIM 360 AEC BSM MCP-CONSTRUCTION SUSTAINABILITY + FOUNDATION BSM-AEC & CROSS-INDUSTRY STRATEGY AND MARKETING BSM-BUSINESS STRATEGY AND MARKETING
This playbook was created for the AECPR Team by their Construction Content Specialist Intern, Christine Deng, in Summer of 2018. She is attending her final year at Pepperdine University, studying Integrated Marketing Communications and Multimedia Design. ckdeng@pepperdine.edu https://christine-deng.myportfolio.com/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/christine-deng/
ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION