AZ to
A-F
Becca Christman
G-M
Christine Lee
N-T
Aiden Zucker
U-Z
Paul Cronan
gM to
M
A-F
Becca Christman, 2015
G-M
Christine Lee, 2015
N-T
Aiden Zucker, 2015
U-Z
Paul Cronan, 2015
g Gill Sans Eric Gill, 1926
Gill (1882–1940) was a well established English sculptor, graphic artist and type designer, and Gill Sans takes inspiration from Edward Johnston’s Johnston typeface for London Underground, which Gill had worked on while apprenticed to Johnston. [1]
Garamond Claude Garamont, 1989
Georgia Matthew Carter, 1993
gggg
Designers
Gill
Gutenberg
Garamond
Grid System A grid is a structure (usually two-dimensional) made up of a series of intersecting straight (vertical, horizontal, and angular) or curved guide lines used to structure content. The grid serves as an armature on which a designer can organize graphic elements (images, glyphs, paragraphs) in a rational, easy to absorb manner. A grid can be used to organize graphic elements in relation to
Gropius
Bauhaus (1919–1933) An art school in Germany first founded by Walter Gropius (1883–1969) in Weimar. Bauhaus combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It was founded with the idea of creating a “total” work of art in which all arts, including architecture, would eventually be brought together. Preliminary course was often taught by visual artists, including Paul Klee (1879–1940), Vasily Kandinsky (1866–1944), and Josef Albers (1888–1976), among others. The school existed in three German cities: Weimar from 1919 to 1925, Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and Berlin from 1932 to 1933, under three different architect-directors: Walter Gropius from 1919 to 1928, Hannes Meyer (1889–1954) from 1928 to 1930 and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886–1969) from 1930 until 1933, when the school was closed by its own leadership under pressure from the Nazi-led government which had claimed that it was a centre of communist intellectualism. Though the school was closed, the staff continued to spread its idealistic precepts as they left Germany and emigrated all over the world. The Bauhaus style later became one of the most influential currents in modern design, Modernist architecture and art, design and architectural education. The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. [2]
a page, in relation to other graphic elements on the page, or relation to other parts of the same graphic element or shape. [3]
[1] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Gill Sans.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [2] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Bauhaus.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [3] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Grid (graphic Design).” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Jan. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
H Helvetica
Max Miedinger and Hoffmann, 1957 A widely used sans-serif typeface developed by Swiss typeface designer Max Miedinger (1910–1980) with input from Eduard Hoffmann (1892–1980). It is a neo-grotesque or realist design, one influenced by the famous 19th century typeface Akzidenz-Grotesk and other German and Swiss designs. [1]
Hoefler
Tobias Frere-Jones, 1991
Haettenschweiler
HHH HHH Walter Haettenschweiler, 1972
H
Designers
Horta
Hoffmann
Höch
Heartfield
Kubus Armchair, 1910 Iconic chair showing Hoffmann’s strict geometrical lines and the quadratic theme. It was presented at May Revolution, an International Exhibition held in Buenos Aires on the centennial of Argentinean Independence. [2]
Not all dashes are created equal Hyphens, en-dashes, em-dashes The hyphen - is a punctuation mark used to join words, as in mass-produced, or in a string of numbers, 978 - 417- 9865. It should not be confused with en-dashes – , which are longer and used to join numbers in a range, such as 1200–1400 B.C. or pages 32–37 or open-ended ranges, like 2014–. Like its name en-dashes are the length of a letter n. Also pay attention to em-dashes — , which is longer than a hyphen - and an en-dash – . Em-dashes are the length of a letter m. They work better than commas to set-apart a unique idea from the main clause of a sentence: Some-
5 Fingers has the Hand John Heartfield (1891–1968) was a German artist born in 1891. He was a pioneer in the use of art as a political weapon. Some of his photomontages were anti-Nazi and anti-fascist statements. This poster is one of Heartfield’s famous posters that reflect his works’ nature of crticising the National Socialist Party and Hitler. [2]
– —
times designing for pleasure—rather than for money—is really quite enjoyable. [3] [1] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Helvetica.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [2] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Josef Hoffmann.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Dec. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. [3] Punctual, Mister. “Using the Hyphen, Dash, N-dash and M-dash (ndash and Mdash).” Punctuation Matters. Ken Thomas, 29 Aug. 2010. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
i
Iowan Old Style John Downer, 1990
Iowan Old Style was designed for Bitstream in 1990 by noted sign painter John Downer (1951– ). Iowan Old Style is a hardy contemporary text design modeled after earlier revivals of Jenson and Griffo typefaces but with a larger x-height, tighter letterfit, and reproportioned capitals. [1]
Impact
Geoffrey Lee, 1965
ITC Officina Erik Spiekermann, 1990
Interstate Tobias Frere-Jones, 1993
iii
Designers
Iliazd
Ishioka
Maximiliana A collaboration between two legends of Dada, Ilia Mikhailovich Zdanevich (Iliazd) (1894–1975) and Max Ernst (1891–1976). Subtitled The Illegal Exercise of Astronomy, the Maximiliana celebrates the 19th-century astronomer Wilhelm Tempel (1821–1889). Originally published by Editions 41, Paris, 1964. [2]
Indentation – –Paragraph indication where the first line of each paragraph is shifted to the right by a small amount, usually one or two ems. Use those tabs and first-line indents regularly. Never use the space bar to align text.
Itten
Farbkreis (1961) Johannes Itten (1888–1967) was a Swiss expressionist painter, designer, teacher, writer and theorist associated with the Bauhaus school. This Color Circle made just using 12 colors. Itten identifed few colors as simple geometric shapes in order to show the relationship between the colors. His Color Circle is considered ideal for its simple and accurate depiction of the relationship between primary colors, secondary colors, and intermediate colors. [3]
— — mm
– –Illuminated letters were used as indication of paragraphs around the Middle Ages. An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders and miniature illustrations. [4]
[1] “Typography for Lawyers.” Typography for Lawyers. Bitstream, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [2] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Ilia Zdanevich.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Oct. 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [3] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Johannes Itten.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2015. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. [4] Aaberg, Kasper. “Typographic Rules to Remember-Love of Graphics.” Love of Graphics Typographic Rules to Remember. Love of Graphics, n.d.Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
Joanna Monotype Eric Gill, 1930–31 A transitional serif typeface designed by Eric Gill and named for one of his daughters. The typeface was originally designed for proprietary use by Gill’s printing shop Hague & Gill. In designing Joanna, Gill took inspiration from the types of Robert Granjon (1513–1589). The underlying armature of both the roman and italics bear strong similarities with Granjon’s type, yet the spare, sharp squared serifs and moderate contrast of strokes, have a 20th-century modernist feeling. [1]
Janson Chauncey H. Griffith, 1937
J
JJJJ
J
Designers
Jenson
Philip Johnson
Crystal Cathedral Designed as a religious theater of sorts, acting as both television studio and stage to a congregation of 3,000. Philip Johnson (1906–2005) and John Burgee (1933– )devised the glass enclosure in response to Schuller’s request that the church be open to the “sky and the surrounding world.” [2]
Edward Johnston
Johnston (or Johnston Sans) Johnston is a sans-serif typeface designed by and named after Edward Johnston (1872–1944). It has been the corporate font of public transport in London since the foundation of the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933, and of predecessor companies since 1916, making its use one of the world’s longest-lasting examples of corporate branding. [3]
Justification This means your text has a straight edge on both the right and left hand sides. While this style of
alignment can be very effective, it is important to consider the width of your design piece. Many
times, it is not wise to fully justify your text across
the entire width of the piece. This makes for long
lines of text and creates eye fatigue.
Choose boundaries, fill them with text, align the
text with other elements on the page, and incor-
porate good principles of white space. Doing this
will create a nice clean feel and allow for simple and
effective alignment. [4]
[1] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Joanna (typeface).” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Mar. 2015. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. [2] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Crystal Cathedral.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [3] Lee, Preston D. “Justifying Your Type Justification - Graphic Design Blender.” Graphic Design Blender. Squidix, 12 Apr. 2009. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
Kefa
ጨጿፄፔ Jérémie Hornus, 2006 Kefa was chosen for OSX to support Ethiopic script. [1]
Kino MT Martin Dovey, 1930
Kohinoor Devanagari
छजझअ
k
k
k
k
Designers
Kalman
Klee
Colors Magazine, Issue No. 7, 1994 Bold graphic design cover for the AIDS issue of Colors magazine, the Benetton-sponsored magazine he founded with Oliviero Toscani (1942– ) in 1991. [2]
Kandinsky
Kant
Sketch for Composition VII (1913) Kandinsky (1866–1944) embraces chaos and abstractions, rejecting form, or “real” objects. Kandinsky discarded traditional ideas about beauty as sterile, and theorized about the proper selection and arrangement of such irrelevant figures. [2]
Kerning It adjusts the spaces between specific letter pairs to adjust anomalies in spacing created by the shapes of the two letters, which can make the characters look too far apart or too close together. The term comes from the archaic French word carne, which means “corner” (these days, it’s a slang pejorative that could be translated
VAST. ㅍ VAST.
genteelly as meathead). In hand composition with metal type, kerns refer to parts of certain letters that overhang the blocks on which they’re cast. When such characters are digitized, kerns extend beyond the limits of a character’s bounding box. [4]
[1] Hornus, Jeremie. “Typography: What Is the History of the Typeface Kefa?” Quora. N.p., 25 Sept. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. [2] Miller, Marc H. “Tibor Kalman, The AIDS Issue, Issue No. 7, 1994.” Gallery 98 Bowery. Haoyan of America, 21 Dec. 2010. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. [3] Rabinovich,Yakov. “Kandinsky: Master of the Mystic Arts.” Rabinovich/Kandinsky. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. [4] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Kerning.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2015. Web. 16 Apr. 2015
L LL
Lucida Bright
Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes, 1985 An extended family of related typefaces designed by Charles Bigelow (1945– ) and Kris Holmes (1950– ) in 1985. There are many variants called Lucida, including scripts (Blackletter, Calligraphy, Handwriting), serif (Fax, Bright), and sans-serif (Sans, Sans Unicode, Grande, Sans Typewriter). Bigelow & Holmes, together with the (now defunct) TeX vendor Y&Y, extended the Lucida family with a full set of TeX mathematical symbols, making it one of the few typefaces that provide full-featured text and mathematical typesetting within TeX. [1]
Letter Gothic Roger Roberson, 1956–62
Designers
Liberman
Loos
Lubalin
Vogue, July 15, 1942 Cover designed by Alexander Liberman (1912– 1999), a Russian-American magazine editor, publisher, painter, photographer, and sculptor. [2]
x type
Lupton
Lissitzky
Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge, 1919 A lithographic Soviet propaganda poster considered emblematic of the Russian Civil War in Western publications. El Lissitzky (1890–1941) expressed new Russian ideas through his works, which helped Western Europe get general understandings of. The intruding red wedge is symbolic of the bolsheviks, who are piercing and defeating opponents, the White movement, during the Russian Civil War. This poster is an example of Suprematism. [3]
baseline
baseline
Leading
Leading is the space that exists between type lines. The term originated in the days of
12pt
hand-typesetting, when thin strips of lead were inserted into the forms to increase the vertical distance between lines of type.
17pt
Usually, leading is measured in points from baseline to baseline. One or two points of leading are often used to set text type. For instance, 16-point type with 2 points of leading is described as 10/16 (read 10 on 16). [4]
20pt
[1] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Lucida.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Apr. 2015. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. [2] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Alexander Liberman.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Apr. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [3] Contributors, Wikipedia. “Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 31 May 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [4] “Leading (graphic Design) Definition.” Leading (graphic Design) Definition. CreativeGlossary, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.
M Myriad
Robert Slimbach and Carol Twombly, 2002
Minion
Robert Slimbach, 1990–2000
Meta
Erik Spiekermann, 1991
A humanist sans-serif typeface family. According to Spiekermann (1947– ), FF Meta was intended to be a “complete antithesis of Helvetica,” which he found “boring and bland.” It originated from an unused commission for the Deutsche Bundespost (West German Post Office). Throughout the 1990s, FF Meta was embraced by the international design community. It has been adopted by numerous corporations and other organizations as a corporate typeface, for signage or in their logo.These include Imperial College London, The Weather Channel, Free Tibet, Herman Miller, Fort Wayne International Airport, and Zimmer Holdings,. [1]
MM MM MM
M
Designers
Martens
Mies
Maeda
Matter
S.R. Crown Hall The home of the College of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, Illinois. Widely regarded as Mies van der Rohe’s (1886–1969) masterpiece, Crown Hall, completed in 1956, is one of the most architecturally significant buildings of the 20th century Modernist movement, and the start to the International Style of building. [2]
Margins Margins have several functions. First one is the visual, since they provide a buffer zone keeping the text and graphics from “falling off the page”. As mentioned above, with its white space they give an eye break for the reader, even if the text is densely laid out.
Poster for Pontresina, 1935 A Switzerland Travel Poster design. Herbert Matter (1907–1984) used several techniques to enhance communication: collage & montage, integration of photography and typography, and extreme contrast in scale. In this poster, dramatic scale contrast is established through his use of high and low camera angles. [3]
Margins have practical functions also. They leave the space for the reader to hold the publication without obscuring the text with their fingers. If you are working on some manuals, textbooks or workbooks you can leave extra space in the foot margin so that the user can make notes if necessary. If your publication is going to be bound with staples or with ring binders you will have to leave more space for the inner margin. [4]
[1] Contributors, Wikipedia. “FF Meta.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2015. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [2] Contributors, Wikipedia. “S. R. Crown Hall.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 July 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [3] Britt, Aaron. “Herbert Matter at Design Philadelphia.” Dwell. Dwell Media LLC, 15 Oct. 2010. Web. 20 Apr. 2015. [4] Mileta, Nikola. “Setting Up, Types and Description of Page Margins.” Magazine Designing. Solostream, 16 May 2013. Web. 20 Apr. 2015.