01 | Site analysis by Christine Halliday

B A T H HOUSE KELVINGROVE PARK K E LV I N G R O V E A N A L Y S I S

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

01 Contents A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park 01 History 1.1 Urban Development 1.2 Great Exhibitions 1.3 Monuments & Buildings 1.4 Kelvingrove Subway history 02

01 Site Analysis

02 Transport & Public Facilities 2.1 Transport 2.2 Park Facilities

03 Kelvinbridge Site 3.1 Site Analysis 3.2 Key Landmarks 3.3 Streetscape 3.4 Wildlife corridor

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

01 Site Analysis

01 HISTORY

HISTORY 01

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

Nolli Plan | 1857

Kelvingrove Park Nolli Plan 1857

Nolli Plan | 1892 06

01 Site Analysis

History | Urban Development

In 1852 the City purchased land forming Kelvingrove and Woodlands Estates for the sum of £99,569 to create an area which is now known as Kelvingrove Park. Kelvingrove Park was laid out between 1852 and 1867. It is commonly recognised as the first purpose designed and constructed park in Scotland and it rapidly became a considerable attraction. As Glasgow Green was unashamedly working class, so this new park was intended to be middle class in its aspirations functions and surroundings, and the pursuits of its visitors altogether more genteel. It was originally known as ‘The West End Park’.

the city for the recreation and amusement of the citizens of Glasgow. It was one of many Victorian parks created in response to the appalling conditions created by rapid urban growth, resulting from the industrial revolution. Kelvingrove is one of the city’s best loved historic parks, an enduring legacy of Victorian urban parks, which has a special place in the hearts and minds of the people of the West End.

The Park was created for the rapidly growing West End of

Nolli Plan | 2013 A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

KELVINGROVE PARK

1888 International Exhibition

01 Site Analysis

1901 International Exhibition

History | Great Exhibitions

Kelvingrove Park has been used twice for International Exhibitions in 1888 and 1901 as well as being used for the Scottish National Exhibition in 1911. Indeed, the magnificent Art Gallery and Museum which is a prominent feature of the park was built for the 1901 Exhibition. In 1888 almost six million visitors attended Glasgow’s first International Exhibition of Science and Art. The 1888 Exhibition featured 64 acres of exhibits including a replica of the Bishop’s Castle, built on the slopes of Gilmorehill, just below the university. Glasgow’s International Exhibition of 1901 was intended to mark the Golden Jubilee of the Great Exhibition held at the Crystal Palace in 1851. The 1901 exhibition attracted eleven and a half million visitors. A major legacy of the 1901

exhibition was the new Art Galleries and Museum, built facing the University across the Kelvin. The 1911 Exhibition was on an altogether more modest scale, being billed as the Scottish Exhibition of History Art and Industry. One of the principal aims of the 1911 exhibition was the raising of funds to endow a Chair of Scottish History and Literature at The University, which was achieved. The 1911 exhibition managed to draw nearly nine and a half million people, who came to see a Highland Village and an old Scottish Town, a Pavilion on Old Glasgow, a West African Village and among many more exhibits was spectacular access to the university grounds across the River Kelvin, by means of an aerial railway.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

GREAT EXHBITIONS

KELVINGROVE PARK

Buildings & Structures

Tennis & Bowls Pavillions The earliest known reference to bowling in Glasgow dates back to 1595, when it was banned during the Sabbath. A Society of Bowlers was formed in the city in 1804 and the popularity of the sport soon grew.

Queen’s Rooms Built in 1913 this red brick, Arts and Crafts-style public convenience and children’s shelter was category C(s) listed in August 2002.

Stewart Memorial Fountain Glasgow’s first permanent supply of fresh water from Loch Katrine. Built in 1871-2 of granite, sandstone, marble and bronze, the structure commemorates the event with abundant imagery of the Trossachs taken from Sir Walter Scott’s narrative poem, “The Lady of the Lake.”

Lord Kelvin Monument Dedicated to Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, perhaps the most celebrated scientist and academic of his generation, this bronze monument was undertaken by Archibald Macfarlane Shannan shortly after the great man’s death in 1908.

Lord Lister Monument Seated alongside Lord Kelvin is a bronze monument to Lord Lister, the Essex-born surgeon and professor whose research into antiseptic systems revolutionised medicine around the world.

Statues & Monuments

Bandstand Kelvingrove’s bandstand dates from 1924-5 and is unusual for its amphitheatre seating and its picturesque riverside setting. Kelvingrove Bandstand was listed as Category B in 2000 and is now the subject of an ambitious communitybased scheme to restore and revitalise the facility as a venue for a wide range of open-air performances and events.

01 Site Analysis

History | Monuments & Buildings

Bunhouse Mill Factory For several hundred years the River Kelvin was the economic powerhouse of the city and contained several mills which generated great wealth for its residents. This site features the remains of Bunhouse/Regent’s Mill, otherwise known as the Medieval Bishop’s Mill of Partick. The lades and barrage across the Kelvin may still be seen slightly to the west of the Museum. These remains can be seen from the banks of the river and are an interesting feature on the cycle path. The Bunhouse lade is an integral part of Glasgow’s medieval past.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

MONUMENTS & BUILDINGS

KELVINGROVE PARK

Subway Station Kelvinbridge subway station serves the Woodlands, Woodside and Hillhead areas of Glasgow. This station is one of the two serving Kelvingrove Park, the other being Kelvinhall.The station retains the original island platform layout, and is by far the busiest station to retain this configuration. The station has a car park built on the site of the goods yard at Kelvinbridge on the Stobcross to Maryhill Central line. The station is the deepest station in the network due to its close proximity to the River Kelvin, and was originally entered through a tenement block on South Woodside Road with access to Great Western Road via an external cast iron staircase descending from the eponymous bridge. Following modernisation, a purpose-built surface-level ticket hall has offered direct access to the new main entrance on Great Western Road via a glass-enclosed escalator.

01 Site Analysis

History | Kelvinbridge Train Station

Train Station [Demolished] Kelvinbridge station was opened in 1896 by the Glasgow Central Railway, a line sponsored by the Caledonian Railway to construct an underground route through the city centre. This station was on the western section of the route, which terminated at Maryhill. The prosperity of this station, and of others to the west and north, was badly affected by the electrification of the Glasgow tramways in 1901-2. This one also suffered from competition from the Glasgow Subway, which opened in 1895.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

KELVINBRIDGE TRAIN STATION

KELVINGROVE PARK

01 Site Analysis

02 TRANSPORT & PUBLIC FACILITIES

TRANSPORT & PUBLIC FACILITIES 02

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

KELVINGROVE PARK Transport

Travel arrangements within the Kelvingrove Park vicinity:

Underground Kelvinbridge and Kelvinhall Underground Stations are a 5 minute walk. Train Charing Cross Rail Station is a 10 minute walk from the Park and Glasgow Central Station is approximately a 20 minute walk. Walking/Cycling Kelvingrove Park is a twentyminute walk from the City Centre. Car The Park can be accessed from the Clyde side Expressway following the signs for the Kelvin Hall, Museum and Art Gallery. Parking is available at the Kelvingrove Art Galleries and Museum off Sauchiehall Street and Kelvin Way.

This analysis highlights a distinct lack of cycle path routes through the west of the park between Kelvin Way and Partick Bridge. I believe an intervention to improve this predicament would benefit the park and its users. Dedicated cycle path

Bus Various routes operate from the city centre to Sauchiehall Street.

01 Site Analysis

Bicycle friendly path

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Kelvinbridge

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Kelvinhall

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5 mins walk

Hillhead

5 mins walk

St. Georgeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cross

Partick Rail Interchange

Charing Cross

The analysis of transport links in the Kelvingrove area indicates that the west and north quarters of the park are best served. In particular, sites around Partick Bridge have excellent links to underground, rail and car parking facilities making it the ideal location for any new building interventions.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

TRANSPORT

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01 Site Analysis

KELVINGROVE PARK Park Facilities

Many people use parks for contemplation, relaxation, exercise or recreation. Others visit because there are many facilities and lots of things to see and do.

Kelvingrove Park has three information cabinets which clearly identify all of the facilities available in the park. These are located at strategic entrances, one at the park entrance opposite the Partick Pumping Station on Dumbarton Rd, one at the entrance from Park Terrace and one at the entrance at the corner of Clifton St. Key features of Kelvingrove Park include: 01 Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum 02 The River Kelvin 03 Kelvin Way Bridge 04 Bandstand 05 An Clachan Cafe 06 Sunlight Cottages 07 The Stewart Memorial Fountain 08 Skate Park 09 Bowling, Tennis and Croquet lawns 10 Herbaceous Borders 11 Cyprus Pond

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

PARK FACILITIES

Kelvingrove Park is able to offer both as an attractive listed designed landscape and a broad range of things to see and do in the Park.

01 Site Analysis

03 KELVINBRIDGE SITE

KELVINBRIDGE SITE 03

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

GLASGOW ACADEMY GROUNDS

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Link over the river

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Designated greenspace

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Wildlife corridor

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01 Site Analysis

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KELVINGROVE PARK

Kelvinbridge Site Analysis

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RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL

Kelvinbridge is the common name for the Great Western Bridge, a cast iron road and pedestrian bridge built in the 19th century to carry the Great Western Road (A82 road) at a high level across the River Kelvin.

02 Subway Station Kelvinbridge subway station serves the Woodlands, Woodside and Hillhead areas of Glasgow. This station is one of the two serving Kelvingrove Park, the other being Kelvinhall. The station retains the original island platform layout, and is by far the busiest station to retain this configuration. The station has a car park (seen in the aerial diagram to the left), built on the site of the goods yard at Kelvinbridge on the Stobcross to Maryhill Central line. The station is the deepest station in the network due to its close proximity to the River Kelvin, and was originally entered through a tenement block on South Woodside Road with access to Great Western Road via an external cast iron staircase descending from the eponymous bridge. Following modernisation, a purpose-built surface-level ticket hall has offered direct access to the new main entrance on Great Western Road via a glass-enclosed escalator.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

KELVINBRIDGE SITE ANALYSIS

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The prosperity of this station, and of others to the west and north, was badly affected by the electrification of the Glasgow tramways in 1901-2. This one also suffered from competition from the Glasgow Subway, which opened in 1895.

01 Train Station [Demolished] Kelvinbridge station was opened in 1896 by the Glasgow Central Railway, a line sponsored by the Caledonian Railway to construct an underground route through the city centre. This station was on the western section of the route, which terminated at Maryhill.

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KELVINBRIDGE SUBWAY STATION 99 South Woodside Road Glasgow G4 9HJ

KELVIN FOOTBRIDGE South Woodside Road Glasgow G4 9HJ

This station is one of the two serving Kelvingrove Park, the other being Kelvinhall.The station retains the original island platform layout, and is by far the busiest station to retain this configuration.

The Great Western Bridge, crossing the River Kelvin, is the first major bridge reached on the A82â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s journey north from Glasgow. It was officially opened on 29 September 1891, doubtless replacing an earlier structure nearby. It is an elegant Iron lattice arch structure, crossing the river in two main spans, with a smaller arch to the west of the river allowing the riverside walkway to pass under the road.

01 Site Analysis

KELVINGROVE PARK

CALEDONIAN MANSIONS Otago Street Glasgow G12 8JJ

OTAGO STREET WORKSHOP 39 Otago Street Glasgow G12 8JJ

A magnificent category ‘A’ listed, red sandstone mansion block above the River Kelvin on Glasgow’s Great Western Road. Designed by James Miller in 1897, it was originally intended to be an annex to the Central Hotel.

This building is an interesting survival of a late 19th century workshop. The building has survived due to its adaptability. It appears to have recently been in use as an `arts’ studio.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

KELVINBRIDGE KEY LANDMARKS

Kelvinbridge Key Landmarks

GREAT WESTERN ROAD The Great Western Road extends from St. Georgeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cross in the east to Anniesland Cross in the west, a distance of over 3 miles (5 km). It is Glasgowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s longest and straightest road and was originally built as a toll road following an 1816 Act of Parliament. It is lined for much of its length by terraced houses and villas, separated from the road by trees. The Glasgow Botanic Gardens (1891) lie to the north. The site affords key views east over the River Kelvin and its wildlife corridor. The bridges over the River Kelvin provide panoramas of the wooded river valley. To the north Kelvinbridge with Glasgow Academy, behind and to the south Eldonbridge on Gibson Street with Kelvingrove park behind. Any new development should strive to exploit these aspects, with consideration given to the historic urban form and greenspace of the surrounding locale.

OTAGO STREET The character area surrounding Otago Lane is based on analysis of surviving historic building form, the concentration of listed and other properties of architectural merit. The area is predominantly residential with some retail, mainly concentrated on Great Western Road and Gibson Street. Glasgow University and Kelvingrove Park are both proximate. Great Western Road, and Gibson Street are the main arterail routes in the surrounding locale. Otago Street connects both, running a one way traffic management system from north to south.

01 Site Analysis

KELVINGROVE PARK Kelvinbridge Streetscape

SOUTH WOODSIDE STREET Emerging from the Conservation Areas Appraisal document are the following key factors, which should be considered in any development proposals for the site. These are: 1. Recognising the historic built form on the site. 2. Key views into the site from Eldon Bridge and Great Western Road. 3. Interface of built form and landscape setting. 4. Recognising the specific character of this part of the West End, noting the industrial past that generated the warehouse form of building on the western bank of the River Kelvin.

A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

KELVINBRIDGE STREETSCAPES

ELDON STREET There are some Listed Buildings in the immediate vicinity of the site. The cast iron Eldon bridge over the River Kelvin, which forms part of Gibson Street, is itself Grade B Listed.

STREET PATTERN Street patterns vary across the West End study area. Hillhead, Partick and Hyndland predominantly conform to a grid iron tenemental system. Other areas have less formal arrangements which coincide with the local topography. Hillhead has a introverted street pattern serving the residential area sandwiched between Byres Road and the River Kelvin, Gibson Street and Great Western Road. Similarly to other tenemental areas of the city this area is typical in its back-lanes and mews. Otago lane however is not typical as until the 1980â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the lane and study site have always been inhabited with developments.

01 Site Analysis

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER Hillhead is one of the greater density areas of the West End due to its regular but punctuated tenemental form. As with many tenemental areas a consistent density of usually four storeys occurs. The buildings within the study area range from high quality Victorian and Edwardian public buildings, offices and tenements to infill devlopments of 20th century private and Housing Association accommodation of varying styles, design quality and contextual appropriateness. Many commercial properties include traditional ground floor retail units with tenement housing above. Pavement widths are generally narrow and an array of uncoordinated street furniture, including traffic signs, and pedestrian barriers create physical and visual clutter throughout the area.

KELVINGROVE PARK Kelvinbridge Streetscape

BUILDING MATERIALS The traditional building materials found in the study area are: • Red sandstone, the defining material, with some yellow sandstone found in walls and boundary walls •Ashlar and rubble •Slate: roofs •Cast iron: railings, finials & lamp-posts •Timber: sash and case windows, storm doors •Glass/stained glass: windows and doorpanels •Clay/terracotta: chimney pots •Granite/whinstone: kerbstones and setts • Brick: outbuildings and backcourts It is important to consider these trends if the character and appearance of the area is to be preserved. THE PUBLIC REALM There are no large public amenity spaces in the immediate surroundings, other than a carpark.

LANDSCAPE AND TREES There are mature trees on site and rooted along the banks of the Kelvin. The loss of areas of local open space such as communal gardens and trees, features particularly characteristic of the West End, is to be resisted. The landscape potential of River Kelvinwildlife corridor should be maximised. This has been consistently promoted in relevant local policy dating from the 1988 West End Local Plan until now. A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

KELVINBRIDGE STREETSCAPES

Generally public spaces have suffered from a lack of attention to detail and the use of poor quality materials. The upkeep of the public realm is important if the integrity of the area is to be maintained.

01 Site Analysis

KELVINGROVE PARK Wildlife Corridor

HABITATS Land alongside the river in the southern part of the site is predominantly wooded on a steep bank to the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge and is dominated by alder and poplar. Butterfly-bush, ash, elder, sycamore and birch were also recorded along with creeping buttercup, ribwort plantain, broadleaved dock, dandelion, wavy bittercress, common ragwort, daisy, bramble, broadleaved willowherb, red fescue, perennial ryegrass and the moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, which was particularly dominant over the open area of cut grass on top of the bank. The quality of the habitat is relatively poor in ecological terms, i.e. it is not a significant woodland habitat as such. However, it does present opportunities for some local wildlife in terms of cover and as part of a wider wildlife corridor along the River Kelvin.

BATS The trees within the site lack suitable roost opportunities, in terms of holes, cracks, crevices, broken branches and flaking bark. BIRDS There are opportunities for a range of species to be found nesting within the trees and shrubs around the site, including species such as robin, blackbird, dunnock, chaffinch and wren. A Bath House in Kelvingrove Park

WILDLIFE CORRIDOR

OTTERS While otters are present on the River Kelvin, there are no holts or couches located near the site, nor opportunities for foraging, and given that development would not prevent commuting of otters along the river, it is suggested that otters would not be disturbed by development of the site in a manner considered to contravene the legislation.

01 Site Analysis