NEW ORLEANS
CULINARY INCUBATOR Christine Harwood ARCH 609: Criss Spring 2013
CONTENTS 2- design intent 3- mission 5- context 17- site analysis 29- precedents 45- programming 53- design
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DESIGN INTENT
I want to alert neighbors to the block by giving this site a street presence. The sea of asphalt in front of Schwegman’s goes unnoticed to travelers. I want this place to bring the community together and to do that, it needs to be a destination. I intend to design ample shading to maximize the outdoor environment.
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MISSION
Use architecture to renourish the community. -bring good food -bring education -bring opportunity
“TEACH A MAN TO FISH, FEED HIM FOR A LIFETIME.”
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CONTEXT
LOCATION AND CLIMATE
Located in the heart of America’s gulf coast, New Orleans is an island surrounded by lakes, rivers, and swamps. This crescent city got it’s nickname from the bend in the Mississippi River that shapes the city. Considered a humid subtropical climate, New Orleans has four growing seasons- ideal conditions for food production.
MILD WINTERS HUMID SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE SOUTHERN LOVE FOUR GROWING SEASONS
SCORCHING SUMMERS 60 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION
100˚ 12 in.
90˚
10 in.
6 in.
80˚
8.06
8 in.
5.15
5.93
5.46 4.55
4.61
70˚
5.98 5.33
5.05
4.63
4 in.
4.49 3.58
50˚
2 in.
Jan
7
60˚
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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CULTURE
New Orlean’s not only has Southern pride, but NOLA pride. Before (and after) Katrina, many New Orleaners had never left the city. With a unique blend of African American and French cultures, New Orleans has phenomenal food and music. The beautiful weather is infectious and New Orleans has a signature porch culture. Any and every resident takes advantage of the shaded breezes on porches, never forgetting to shout greetings to travelers.
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TOPOGRAPHY
In need of more buildable land, New Orleans drained nearby swamps which reshaped the topography into a bowl and therefore a catch basin for rain. On the map, the orange indicates the lowest elevations. With the blue area only a few feet above sea level, the topography of New Orleans creates a land issue of its own.
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Mis s
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is s
ipp iR ive r
HURRICANE KATRINA
August of 2005 released a category 5 storm that was the worst in decades. Mother nature combined with inadequate infrastructure costing many along the gulf coast their lives and even more their homes. Eighty percent of the city was underwater. This map and photo detail the devastation depicting the most substantial flooding in dark teal (8-10’).
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DEMOGRAPHICS
New Orleans minority distribution has a crossover correlation with areas suffering from obesity, food access, and poverty. By studying these overlays we recognize the issue and hope to address it with our project.
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New Orleans Asian Population
New Orleans African American Population
New Orleans Hispanic Population
New Orleans Caucasian Population
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SITE ANALYSIS
NEIGHBORHOOD
Our site is located at the intersection of four major districts. The neighborhood contains a mix of housing and building structures. As it is near the ‘Mid-City’ district, our site is halfway between the suburbs and downtown New Orleans. The circles on this map indicate the USDA defined food deserts. At the center of each circle is a grocery store. When residents don’t have a half a mile walking distance to fresh and local food they are considered to live in these food deserts. As population distribution reveals a higher elderly and impoverished area, these circles become increasingly important as the residents have less access to transportation and often settle for convenient store nutrition .
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CITY PARK
BAYOU ST.JOHN TREME MID-CITY
TULANEGRAVIER
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SITE This bottom image shows the current state of the grocery store on our site. The store and parking take up an entire city block, but have been abandoned for the eight years since Katrina. Surrounded by a mix of residential and commercial lots, many sit vacant reminding the neighborhood of the natural disaster.
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BROAD ST.
BIENVILLE AVE.
CONTI ST.
DORGENOIS ST.
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Shadow Analysis
In order to best understand our site, I performed a shadow study to see how the sun affects the area. A proposed addition along the northwest side of the site offers plenty of much desired shade throughout the year.
Jan. 21st, 5PM
Sept. 21st, 5PM 25
Mar. 21st, 5PM
June. 21st, 5PM
Oct. 21st, 5PM
Dec. 21st, 5PM 26
S DE PE
T
RI
AY HW
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AN
CL AI M ED
PA T
TRAFFIC DENSITY
TULANE-GRAVIER
MID-CITY
Take Away Site Analysis
After our initial visit, we recorded our observations of the site. Down the middle of Broad street (the most heavily trafficked road), the MidCity and Tulane- Gravier districts are divided. Orange bordered buildings are commercial while blue bordered structures are residential. The site had accumulated some puddles from the morning’s rain that further reiterated New Orleans reoccurring water problem.
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PRECEDENTS
Grow Dat
Grow Dat is a farm initiative located in New Orleans City Park. The facilities were constructed by Tulane School of Architecture. The farm employs at risk youth to provide them with a well paying job and food for their families. The farm works to bring fresh local produce into New Orleans underprivileged areas.
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Hollygrove Farms
Hollygrove farms was one of the first urban farms in New Orleans. With aquaponics, community plots, hourly plots, and a market they touch a little bit of everything on their small linear site. Hollygrove collects its rainwater and makes it own compost. Outside merchants have been selected to sell meat, dairy, and jams in the market. Tulane School of Architecture also produced the shelter for Hollygrove.
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The Plant
“The Plant” is a new farming initiative located in a former meat packing warehouse. With 95,000 square feet to work with “The Plant’s mission is to promote closed-loop food production and sustainable economic development through education and research.” Not only is The Plant working to incorporate programs to create a closed loop system, they are striving to be a net zero energy building! This puts a whole new meaning to the phrase “Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.”
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Lavin-Bernick Center Renovated by VJAA, this student center on Tulane’s campus was adapted for passive strategies. The louvers seen below and northern porch block the harsh New Orleans sun on the inside and out. I looked to this overhang and gathering space it provides to incorporate a shaded outdoor area for my design.
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ASU Downtown Campus
This master plan by Debartolo Architects on Arizona State University’s Downtown campus shows the thin column shade support that I sought to bring into my design.
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Lawrence Arts Center Close to home, the Lawrence Arts Center is an example of a central stair that serves more than just a means to walk upstairs. Its position and open floor plate prevent a segregation between levels.
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Permeable Surface As water control is very important to New Orleans, I wanted to use natural methods in my design to reintegrate the rain to the ground and minimize the impact on the sewer system. Permeable pavers provide a smooth walking surface, but also water to seep between pavers and return to the soil. Also a bioswale helps to collect water in plants or let it evaporate. Parking run off can be directed to a nearby bioswale.
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PROGRAM
Programing As a part of this comprehensive studio we extended the scope beyond designing a building. Having researched the area thoroughly, we individually developed a mission statement to aim our design for our specific neighborhood. By understanding the site’s needs we can create architecture that extends beyond the walls of the building. With my main mission to educate and nourish the community I chose programs that would help accomplish those goals.
LIBERTY’S KITCHEN GORILLA FARMING
“TEACH A MAN TO FISH, FEED HIM FOR A LIFETIME.”
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GALLERY
THINK TANK
TOOL LIBRARY
EDUCATE NOURISH
BUSINESS INCUBATOR
DISTRIBUTION WAREHOUSE
SEED LIBRARY
GROCERY
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Addition Program
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Gallery Serving as the main entry for the new building this gallery/reception area will exhibit community projects and local artists. It will be a vehicle to draw people into the building an inform them about the site and community.
Community Outreach Think Tank At approximately 4000 sqft, this think tank will act as a creative idea space for the community. It will act as a hub for neighborhood meetings and will host projects that encourage the residents to have a voice for their community.
Tool Library At approximately 2200 sqft, this tool library will service the neighborhood with rental tools and classes. It will give residents access to equipment they would otherwise lack. With the proper resources and education the community can rebuild itself.
Liberty’s Kitchen At 6000 sqft, Liberty’s Kitchen will be a restaurant and youth involvement organization. This specific not-for-profit educates at risk youth in culinary arts. It prepares them to enter the field knowing customer service, food prep, and catering. Programs like this can act as a catalyst for the area.
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Existing Structure Program
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Jake and Jake’s Distribution At approximately 27,000 sqft, this warehouse can act as a meeting space, distribution center or build space. Situated at the ‘back of house’ it is perfectly located for this local food distribution business. Bringing this program into the area will not only provide fresh food access, but also jobs.
Farming With a head house of 3000 sqft, this urban farm initiative will provide four growing seasons of fresh food to the area. It will educate the community with classes, create jobs, and reduce emissions. Gorilla farming will also take advantage of the abandoned lots in the area.
Seed Library At approximately 900 sqft, this seed library will collect, store, and distribute seeds to neighborhood residents. It will provide the resources to help the community start home gardening projects as well as education about growing seasons and optimal conditions.
Business Incubator At approximately 7,000 sqft the northeast corner of Schwegmann’s will be serve as a small business incubator. This will be an opportunity for start up companies to have a full amenity work space for little rent.
Grocery Retailer At approximately 27,000 sqft, this locally owned grocery store will meet the areas needs with fresh and affordable produce. This will be an asset for the community that is in such desperate need for food access. It will create jobs and promote a healthier lifestyle.
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DESIGN
Schematic Design: 3.13 Mid-Crit
Going into the Mid-Crit there was a lot to develop both with concepts and production. As we gathered for our gallery crit in the Kansas City Design Center many of the critics were excited about the project as a culinary incubator as well as the potential energy it would bring to the site. I felt my weakest design problem was dealing with the addition not have back of house. Where would trucks deliver? Where would trash be gathered? After discussing it with professors and professionals a easily access screened area was suggested for the Bienville side of the building.
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Charrette Series
As soon as we returned from our site visit, we began a series of 45 minute design charrettes pushing us to explore the capabilities of the site. We were instructed to go bold, play with shadows, think of water, and investigate access. These quick and highly creative models led to a lot of permanent design decisions.
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Idea/Nature Diagram
Through our series of charrettes, I found that best location on the site had street presence but also allowed views of the grocery store. I sought to activate this linear band across the site, bringing people, food, and a hub for activity.
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Passive Strategies Diagram
In order to create a highly functional structure, I looked to passive strategies to influence my form and location of the addition. Low windows on the Southern side pick up cool breezes and cross ventilate the space as they leave through high windows on the North side. A surrounding walkway acts as the buildings ‘wrapper’, blocking harsh rays from penetrating the building. Southern louvers and deciduous trees also diffuse the sun’s summer heat. Lastly a green roof helps collect and evaporate water as well as provide sun protection and insulation for the roof.
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Egress Diagram
Because of the building’s location there is no front/back of house. This allows circulation to permeate the building from all sides. With a main entrance and gallery in the middle, visitors can enter from the parking lot on the North side or surrounding neighborhood from the South. Auxiliary entrances also provide direct access to the tool Library and Liberty’s Kitchen. Circulation is concentrated through the core of the building with emergency escape exits on the ends.
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Climate Zoning Diagram
By properly zoning the 15,000sqft space, energy consumption will decrease and the building will function more efficiently. Liberty’s Kitchen will be the actively cooled space noted in red. Commercial kitchens and restaurants produce a lot of heat challenging passive strategies for additional cooling. Operable doors and windows will let the restaurant breathe on weather permitting days. The gallery, think tank, and tool library do not require high of heat loads and will therefore function as a passive zone in the addition. Overhangs, shades, surrounding trees, operable windows, and fans will cool the zone.
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N. BROAD
WATER COLLECTION DIRECTED TO BIOSWALE
WATER COLLECTION DIRECTED TO CISTERN
GREENROOF BIOSWALE
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Watershed Diagram
As one of New Orleans biggest concerns, the adaption of this block needs to consider its watershed. Creating a bioswale along the southern edge of the building will act as a catchment to direct runoff water from the parking lot. Any surplus runoff that is not absorbed by the green roof on the addition will also be directed to the bioswale. The bioswale gives water the opportunity to evaporate, be absorbed into plants, or reenter the ground. Any rainwater on the grocery roof will be collected into a cistern and reused to water the grocery’s farm plots.
CISTERN
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Technical Narrative
The foundation for the addition will be wooden piles driven about 50’ down until they hit bedrock. This is where the building’s footings will lie. A structural wall will be built around the perimeter to hold the base of the addition. Wooden floors will be laid throughout the building to allow cold air to rise into the ground floor. 77’ W30 beams will be the main structure resting on W12 columns. This will create a 12’ “wrapper” around the building to block sunlight and allow for covered outdoor space. W12 girders will also run perpendicular to the beams to support the load of the 2nd floor. Lateral ties will brace the building on all sides.
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NEW ORLEANS VEGETABLE CALENDAR FEB.
JAN.
MAR.
APR.
MAY
BEANS, SNAP, BUSH BEETS
JUNE
JULY
BEANS, SNAP, BUSH
AUG.
OCT.
BEANS, SNAP, BUSH
BEETS
BROCCOLI
SEPT.
BEETS
BEETS
BROCCOLI
DEC.
BEANS, SNAP, BUSH
BROCCOLI
BROCCOLI
BRUSSELS SPOUTS
BRUSSELS SPOUTS
CABBAGE
CABBAGE
CANTALOPE CARROTS
CANTALOPE CARROTS
CORN
CORN EGGPLANTS
LETTUCE
EGGPLANTS
LETTUCE
LETTUCE
PEPPERS, BELL
PEPPERS, BELL
LETTUCE ONIONS
ONIONS PEPPERS, BELL POTATOES, SWEET
PUMPKIN SPINACH
SPINACH TOMATOES
PEPPERS, BELL
POTATOES, SWEET
PUMPKIN
TOMATOES WATERMELON
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NOV.
TOMATOES WATERMELON
TOMATOES
New Orleans Vegetable Calendar
This diagram illustrates just a few of the crops that can be grown in New Orleans. Because of the humid subtropical climate and rare frosts New Orleans can grow produce 12 months of the year. The weather allows for a versatility in crops that range from temperate citrus trees to hardy root vegetables.
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A first iteration model, I combined ideas learned from several charrettes to develop the southern side of the lot in line with the ramp. While still very conceptual at this point, I learned the importance of photographing models before truss structures are crushed.
This Mid-Crit model begins to illustrate the edible orchard surrounding the lot as well as the garden plots on the grocery roof. The addition stays within the linear access of the ramp and uses the topography to meet the 3’ raised floor flood requirements for the area. 73
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Floor Plans
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GROUND FLOOR 1”=16’
E/W and N/S Sections
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Design Development
One month after our MidCrit we presented our design development to a variety of critiques. From our previous review we further developed the schematic design. Critics commented on the formal approach I took with the addition, keeping it on the axis of the existing building. Using the guerilla gardening approach to spread the knowhow and refresh the vacant lots stimulated excitement among the critics. Chad expanded on the idea suggesting community plots on the terraced ramp as well as seating to serve as teaching plots visible to the community.
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SLOPED INSULATION
W 30x BEAM
W 12x GIRDER
CEMENT FIBERBOARD
EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE FOAM BOARD
VAPOR BARRIER
STEEL DECKING
SHEATHING
STUD FRAMING
STONE STAIRS
GYPSUM
FLOORING
ISOLATED SLAB
FOOTINGS
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OVERHANG SUPPORT
LOUVER HORIZONTAL SUPPORT
VERTICAL 2X2 LOUVER
Sectional Isometric LOUVER VERTICLE SUPPORT COLUMN
This sectional isometric reveals the layers in the structure, exterior wall, and flooring. Upon discussing this drawing at review, I learned that the ‘bomb shelter’ of structure was over calculated and web joists would be substantial to hold the load. Also my thin louvers would warp and deteriorate while also not substantially blocking the sun. A thicker louver with more structure would properly filter the sun as well as give the opportunity for color.
ISOLATED SLAB
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Upon a pin up with Robert Ricardi, principal architect with Gould Evans, the differing roof heights of the two structures was noticed and critiqued.
In missing this variance, I created a raised temple that was ‘peeing on the existing building’. After a quick modification the relationship was realigned. 87
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E/W Section Model
We began working with section models to understand all of the layers and connections in a hand on approach. With all of the appropriate structure and control layers, the wall becomes much thicker that I would have anticipated. The full section shows outdoor circulation and floor to ceiling relationships between floors.
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N/W Section Model
By working with the section models from both directions we were able to see the differing structural connections. When building these models from scratch many more details become apparent. In this shorter section we see the elevation change and new roof relationship to the existing store. The edges of the section reveal the primary load resting on the interior columns as the overhang support tapers back to tie into them.
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N/S Section Model & Bienville Elevation
This second example of the short section displays the learning process with the added layers as well as something seemingly as simple as building from the ground up. A look at the Bienville elevations begins to experience with color and shows the initial patterning of the louvers.
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EAST/WEST ELEVATION 1”=16’ 94
Final Review
After our Mid April design development review we had three weeks to apply changes and create final documents and models. At our May 14th review Genevieve expressed a desire to develop the connection between the two buildings more thoroughly. Could there be a secondary walkway that connected to the roof of the grocery store? How can the path be snaked so that it controls the visitors experience? Overall I was happy with the direction that my mission took my project. The goal was to design a space for the people that would benefit the people beyond a place to gather and I think I did just that.
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Bienville Elevation
In a final elevation I have moved the color from the walls of the building to the louvers. Putting a more neutral tone quiets the faรงade and allows the wrapper to have more of an identity.
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N/S Section & E/W Sectional Perspective
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ROOFING
VAPOR BARRER
SLOPED INSULATION
CEMENT FIBERBOARD RAINSCREEN EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE FOAM BOARD
Sectional Isometric
OPEN WEB JOIST
VAPOR BARRIER
This final iteration of the sectional isometric not only brings color to further illustrate the control layers, it also shows the adapted secondary structure.
W 30X50 BEAM
STEEL DECKING
SHEATHING
STUD FRAMING
GYPSUM
EXPOSED CONCRETE FLOORING
FOOTINGS
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ROOFING
ROOF SUPPORT
OVERHANG SUPPORT
VERTICAL 2X10 LOUVER
LOUVER VERTICLE SUPPORT COLUMN
LOUVER HORIZONTAL SUPPORT
W12 COLUMN
DECKING
SLOPED DECK DRAINAGE PLANE ISOLATED SLAB
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Wall Section Detail These details illustrate the vapor barrier and layer control connections to create a water free interior. The section model studies provided a 3D process to work on the order of the layers.
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ST . OA D BR
Site Plan This final site plan shows an aerial of all the adaptations to the site. From the edible orchard in the front, to the community farm plots on the adapted ramp the site has been transformed to grow and teach the community.
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DO RD E NO
BIE NV
IS
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E A VE .
TI
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ST .
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Floor Plans
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‘TEACH A M FEED HIM FOR DESIGN INTENT I want to alert neighbors to the block by giving this site a street presence. The sea of asphalt in front of schwegman’s goes unnoticed to travelers. I want this place to bring the community together and to do that, it needs to be a destination. I intend to design ample shading to maximize the outdoor environment. MISSION STATEMENT We want to use architecture to renourish the community. -bring good food -bring education -bring opportunity
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MAN TO FISH, R A LIFETIME.’ GROWING FOOD IS AN ART; THE GARDENS ARE THE GRAFFITI.
‘IF KIDS GROW TOMATOES, THEY WILL EAT TOMATOES.
‘GROWING YOUR OWN FOOD IS LIKE PRINTING YOUR OWN MONEY.’
‘TO CHANGE THE COMMUNITY, YOU MUST CHANGE THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOIL.’
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