Works Cited

Acri, Kristina M. L. 2017. “Canada’s inadequate intellectual property rights protections hurt patients and the economy.” Fraser Institute. www.fraserinstitute.org/ article/canadas-inadequate-intellectual-propertyrights-protections-hurt-patients-and-the-economy.

Agence Nationale de la Sécurité des Systèms d’Information. 2011. Information systems defence and security:

France’s strategy. Paris, France: Agence Nationale de la Sécurité des Systèms d’Information. www.ssi.gouv.fr/ uploads/IMG/pdf/2011-02-15_Information_system_ defence_and_security_-_France_s_strategy.pdf.

Baek, Seung-Wook. 2005. “Does China follow ‘the East Asian development model’?” Journal of

Contemporary Asia 35 (4): 485–98.

BBC News. 2021. “G7 summit: Spending plan to rival China adopted.” BBC News, June 12. www.bbc.com/ news/world-us-canada-57452158.

Beeby, Dean. 2000. “RCMP had plan to intern ‘subversives.’”

The Globe and Mail, January 24. www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/rcmphad-plan-to-intern-subversives/article4159571/.

Blank, Stephen J., ed. 2019. The Russian Military in Contemporary

Perspective. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute.

Broadhurst, Roderic G., Peter Grabosky, Mamoun Alazab and Steve Chon. 2014. “Organizations and Cyber Crime: An Analysis of the Nature of Groups Engaged in Cyber Crime.”

International Journal of Cyber Criminology 8 (1): 1–20.

Brown, Chris. 2020. “Putin foe describes ‘crazy’ investigation into his Canadian citizenship.” CBC News, July 17. www.cbc.ca/news/world/verzilov-canadiancitizenship-russia-investigation-1.5652764.

Cai, Peter. 2017. “Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative.” Lowy Institute, March 22. www.lowyinstitute.org/ publications/understanding-belt-and-road-initiative.

Canadian Centre for Cyber Security. 2020. National Cyber Threat

Assessment 2020. Ottawa, ON: CSE. https://cyber.gc.ca/ sites/default/files/publications/ncta-2020-e-web.pdf.

Century Initiative. n.d. For a Bigger, Bolder Canada. Toronto, ON: Century Initiative. https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/ 5f931bff6aee7ca287dbada2/5f99ce137 eaf1ee0243f1d98_CI-Report.pdf. Chandler, David. 2008. “Human Security: The Dog that Didn’t Bark.” Security Dialogue 39 (4): 427–38.

Chase, Steven. 2020. “Victims of foreign-state-sponsored harassment in Canada recount threats of rape, murder and harm to families.” The Globe and Mail, November 26. www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-victims-offoreign-state-sponsored-harassment-in-canada-recount/.

Cheng, Dean. 2020. “Challenging China’s ‘Wolf Warrior’ Diplomats.” The Heritage Foundation Asian Studies Center Backgrounder. www.heritage.org/sites/ default/files/2020-07/BG3504.pdf.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. 2017.

Kleptocrats of the Kremlin: Ties between Business and

Power in Russia: Briefing of the Commission on Security and

Cooperation in Europe. 115th Cong., 1st sess. www.csce.gov/ sites/helsinkicommission.house.gov/files/Kleptocrats.pdf.

Corcoran, Terence. 2019. “Call for immigration boom so Canada reaches 100 million people a blueprint for more state intervention.” Financial Post, October 25. https://financialpost.com/opinion/terence-corcorancall-for-immigration-boom-so-canada-reaches-100million-people-a-blueprint-for-more-state-intervention.

Crabtree, James. 2021. “Boris Johnson Unveils his PostBrexit ‘Tilt’ to Asia.” Foreign Policy, March 17. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/17/britainuk-boris-johnson-tilt-asia-security-strategy/.

Dehghan, Saeed Kamali and Ashifa Kassam. 2016. “Canadian-Iranian professor arrested in Tehran by Revolutionary Guards.” The Guardian, June 8. www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/08/canadianiranian-professor-arrested-iran-homa-hoodfar.

Department of National Defence. 2014. The Future Security

Environment 2013–2040. Ottawa, ON: Chief of Force Development. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/ collection_2015/mdn-dnd/D4-8-2-2014-eng.pdf.

Dewitt, David, Mary Young, Alex Brouse and Jinelle Piereder. 2018. “AWOL: Canada’s defence policy and presence in the Asia-Pacific.” International Journal 73 (1): 5–32.

Dollar, David. 2019. “Understanding China’s Belt and Road Infrastructure Projects in Africa.” Brookings Institution. September. www.brookings.edu/wp-content/ uploads/2019/09/FP_20190930_china_bri_dollar.pdf.

Doshi, Rush, Alexis Dale-Huang and Gaoqi Zhang. 2021. Northern

Expedition: China’s Arctic Activities and Ambitions. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. www.brookings.edu/wp-content/ uploads/2021/04/FP_20210412_china_arctic.pdf.

Environics Institute for Survey Research. 2020. “Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees.” Environics Institute for Survey Research, October 7. www.environicsinstitute.org/ docs/default-source/project-documents/fc-fall-2020--immigration/focus-canada-fall-2020---public-opinion-onimmigration-refugees---final-report.pdf?sfvrsn=bd51588f_2.

Fisher, Matthew. 2021. “Canadian universities rely on foreign students. What if China called its students home?” Global News, April 19. https://globalnews.ca/news/7057654/ china-students-canada/.

Fitz-Gerald, Ann and Hugh Segal. 2021. “Reimagining National Security in Canada.” Opinion, Centre for International Governance Innovation, April 13. www.cigionline.org/articles/reimagining-nationalsecurity-canada-challenge-dynamic-change/.

Garamone, Jim. 2019. “A Short History of NATO.” US Department of Defense, April 2. www.defense.gov/Explore/News/ Article/Article/1803445/a-short-history-of-nato/.

Global Affairs Canada. 2020. Canada’s State of Trade. Ottawa, ON: Global Affairs Canada. www.international.gc.ca/gacamc/assets/pdfs/publications/State-of-Trade-2020_eng.pdf.

Government of Canada. 2004. “Canada’s Approach to National Security.” In Securing an Open Society: Canada’s National

Security Policy, 1–8. https://publications.gc.ca/ collections/Collection/CP22-77-2004E.pdf.

———. 2017. “Statement on Canada’s Arctic Foreign Policy: Exercising Sovereignty and Promoting Canada’s Northern Strategy Abroad.” www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/ assets/pdfs/canada_arctic_foreign_policy-eng.pdf.

———. 2021. “Canada’s response to Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 tragedy.” www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/ issues_development-enjeux_developpement/response_conflictreponse_conflits/crisis-crises/flight-vol-ps752.aspx?lang=eng.

Government Offices of Sweden, Ministry of Justice. 2017. “A national cyber security strategy.” Skr. 2016/17:213. www.government.se/4ada5d/contentassets/ d87287e088834d9e8c08f28d0b9dda5b/anational-cyber-security-strategy-skr.-201617213.

Hewitt, Steve. 2018. “Cold War counter-terrorism: the evolution of international counter-terrorism in the RCMP Security Service, 1972–1984.” Intelligence and National Security 33 (1): 67–83. House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts. 2019.

Cyber security in the UK. Ninety-Ninth Report of Session 2017-19. London, UK: House of Commons. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/ cmselect/cmpubacc/1745/1745.pdf.

Hung, Ho-fung. 2018. “The tapestry of Chinese capital in the Global South.” Palgrave Communications 4 (65): 1–7.

Hutao, Yang. 2018. “China’s Image from the Perspective of the Developmental State: What Kind of ‘Developmental State’ is China?” Journal of China and International Relations 6 (1): 95–116.

Jones, Peter, Alan R. Jones and Laurie Storsater. 2021. “I, spy: Does Canada need a foreign intelligence service?” The Globe and

Mail, June 11. www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/articlei-spy-does-canada-need-a-foreign-intelligence-service/.

Kavanagh, Camino. 2019. New Tech, New Threats, and New

Governance Challenges: An Opportunity to Craft Smarter

Responses? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Working Paper. August. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/ WP_Camino_Kavanagh___New_Tech_New_Threats1.pdf.

Khan, Sulmaan Wasif. 2021. “Wolf Warriors Killed China’s Grand Strategy.” Foreign Policy, May 28. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/28/chinagrand-strategy-wolf-warrior-nationalism/.

Klimenko, Ekaterina. 2016. “Russia’s Arctic Security Policy: Still Quiet in the High North?” SIPRI Policy Paper 45. February. www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRIPP45.pdf.

Knight, John B. 2014. “China as a Developmental State.”

The World Economy 37 (10): 1335–47.

Koblentz, Gregory D. 2010. “Biosecurity Reconsidered: Calibrating Biological Threats and Responses.”

International Security 34 (4): 96–132.

Kopra, Sanna. 2020. “China and its Arctic Trajectories: The Arctic Institute’s China Series 2020.” The Arctic Institute Center for Circumpolar Security Studies, March 17. www.thearcticinstitute.org/china-arctictrajectories-the-arctic-institute-china-series-2020/.

Krause, Keith. 2004. “The Key to a Powerful Agenda, if Properly Delimited.” Security Dialogue 35 (3) (September): 367–68.

Lawson, Ewan. 2018. “The UK National Security Capability Review and the Fusion Doctrine.” Royal United Services Institute, April 4. https://rusi.org/exploreour-research/publications/commentary/uk-nationalsecurity-capability-review-and-fusion-doctrine.

Leuprecht, Christian and Stephanie MacLellan, eds. 2018. Governing

Cyber Security in Canada, Australia and the United States. Special Report. Waterloo, ON: CIGI. www.cigionline.org/ sites/default/files/documents/SERENE-RISCweb.pdf.

Litwak, Robert S. 2008. “Living with Ambiguity: Nuclear Deals with Iran and North Korea.” Survival 50 (1): 91–118.

Longe, O. B., S. C. Chiemeke and F. A. Longe. n.d. “Intermediary Mediated Cyber-Crime: Internet Access Points and the Facilitation of Cybercrimes in Nigeria.”

Mank, Randolph. 2019. “Does Canada Need a Foreign Policy Review?” Canadian Global Affairs Institute Policy Paper. January. www.cgai.ca/ does_canada_need_a_foreign_policy_review.

Mazarr, Michael J., Timothy R. Heath and Astrid Stuth Cevallos. 2018. China and the International Order. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.

Moens, Alexander, Seychelle Cushing and Alan W. Dowd. 2015. Cybersecurity Challenges for Canada and the United States. Fraser Institute. March. www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/cybersecuritychallenges-for-canada-and-the-united-states.pdf.

Momani, Bessma. 2020. “Building Resiliency in Supply Chains Post-COVID-19.” Security, Intelligence and the Global Health Crisis Essay Series, Centre for International Governance Innovation, August 24. www.cigionline.org/articles/ building-resiliency-supply-chains-post-covid-19/.

National Intelligence Council. 2017. Global Trends:

Paradox of Progress. January. www.dni.gov/ files/documents/nic/GT-Full-Report.pdf.

———. 2000. “National Intelligence Estimate: The Global Infectious Disease Threat and Its Implications for the United States.” Environmental Change & Security Project Report (6): 33–65. www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ media/documents/publication/Report6-3.pdf.

National Security Council. 2009. National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats. November. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/ files/National_Strategy_for_Countering_BioThreats.pdf.

Nee, Victor, Sonja Opper and Sonia Wong. 2007. “Developmental State and Corporate Governance in China.”

Management and Organization Review 3 (1): 19–53.

Nossal, Kim Richard. 2018. “New Wineskin, Old Wine: The Future of Canadian Contributions to North American Security.” In North American Strategic Defense in the 21st Century: Security and Sovereignty in an Uncertain

World, edited by Christian Leuprecht, Joel J. Sokolsky and Thomas Hughes, 97–107. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2021. Annual

Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. Washington, DC: Office of the Director of National Intelligence. www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/ assessments/ATA-2021-Unclassified-Report.pdf.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2018.

China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Finance Landscape. OECD Business and Finance Outlook 2018. www.oecd.org/finance/Chinas-Belt-and-Road-Initiativein-the-global-trade-investment-and-finance-landscape.pdf.

———. 2020. “Building Back Better: A Sustainable, Resilient Recovery after COVID-19.” OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). June 5. www.oecd.org/ coronavirus/policy-responses/building-back-better-asustainable-resilient-recovery-after-covid-19-52b869f5/.

Paris, Roland. 2001. “Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?” International Security 26 (2) (Fall): 87–102.

Prasad, Eswar. 2020. “Hearing on supply chain resiliency.” Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Small Business Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Tax, and Capital Access. Brookings, July 2. www.brookings.edu/ testimonies/hearing-on-supply-chain-resiliency/.

Public Safety Canada. 2020. “Harassment and Intimidation of Individuals in Canada Working on China-related Human Rights Concerns.” Public Safety Canada, May 12. www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/trnsprnc/brfng-mtrls/ prlmntry-bndrs/20200831/042/index-en.aspx.

Rudner, Martin. 2001. “Canada’s Communications Security Establishment from Cold War to Globalization.” Intelligence & National Security 16 (1): 97–128.

Sacks, David. 2021. “Countries in China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Who’s In and Who’s Out.” Asia Unbound (blog), March 24. www.cfr.org/blog/countries-chinasbelt-and-road-initiative-whos-and-whos-out.

Savic, Bob. 2021. “UK Joins ASEAN as Dialogue Partner, Looking at Joining CPTPP Asia-Pacific Free Trade Agreement.” ASEAN Briefing, January 26. www.aseanbriefing.com/ news/uk-joins-asean-as-dialogue-partner-looking-atjoining-cptpp-asia-pacific-free-trade-agreement/.

Sela-Shayovitz, Revital. 2012. “Gangs and the Web: Gang Members’ Online Behavior.” Journal of

Contemporary Criminal Justice 28 (4): 389–405.

Select Committee on Intelligence. 2020. Report of the Select

Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, on Russian

Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016

U.S. Election, Volume 5: Counterintelligence Threats and

Vulnerabilities. 116th Cong., 1st sess. www.intelligence.senate.gov/sites/default/ files/documents/report_volume5.pdf.

Shadian, Jessica M. 2018. “The Emerging Economy of the North American Arctic.” Brief to the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development: Canada’s Sovereignty in the Arctic. Arctic360, November. www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/FAAE/ Brief/BR10185960/br-external/ShadianJessica-e.pdf.

Sharp, Paul, Jan Melissen and Qingmin Zhang. 2001. “China’s Global Diplomacy: Introduction to the Special Issue.”

The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 16: 195–202.

Statistics Canada. 2021. “COVID-19 in Canada: A One-year Update on Social and Economic Impacts.” March 11. www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-631-x/ 11-631-x2021001-eng.htm.

Tade, Oludayo. 2013. “A spiritual dimension to cybercrime in Nigeria: The ‘yahoo plus’ phenomenon.”

Human Affairs 23 (4): 689–705.

The Economist. 2020. “Sweden embarks on its largest military build-up for decades.” The Economist, October 24. www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/19/swedenembarks-on-its-largest-military-build-up-for-decades.

The Telegraph. 2020. “This welcome boost to military spending will strengthen the UK’s post-Brexit global rule.” The Telegraph, November 19. www.telegraph.co.uk/ opinion/2020/11/19/welcome-boost-militaryspending-will-strengthen-ukspost-brexit/.

The White House. 2021a. “Fact Sheet: Biden-Harris Administration Announces Supply Chain Disruptions Task Force to Address Short-Term Supply Chain Discontinuities.” Statements and Releases, June 8. www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/ statements-releases/2021/06/08/fact-sheet-biden-harrisadministration-announces-supply-chain-disruptions-taskforce-to-address-short-term-supply-chain-discontinuities/.

———. 2021b. “Fact Sheet: President Biden and G7 Leaders Launch Build Back Better World (B3W) Partnership.” Statements and Releases, June 12. www.whitehouse.gov/ briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/12/ fact-sheet-president-biden-and-g7-leaders-launchbuild-back-better-world-b3w-partnership/. ———. 2021c. Building Resilient Supply Chains, Revitalizing American

Manufacturing, and Fostering Broad-Based Growth. 100-Day Reviews under Executive Order 14017. June. Washington, DC: The White House. www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/ 2021/06/100-day-supply-chain-review-report.pdf.

Thies, Cameron G. 2013. “The Roles of Bipolarity: A Role Theoretic Understanding of the Effects of Ideas and Material Factors on the Cold War.” International

Studies Perspectives 14 (3): 269–88.

Trenin, Dmitri and Pavel K. Baev. 2010. The Arctic: A View from

Moscow. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/ files/arctic_cooperation.pdf.

Troper, Harold. 1993. “Canada’s Immigration Policy since 1945.” International Journal 48 (2): 255–81.

Tropina, Tatiana. 2012. “The Evolving Structure of Online Criminality: How Cybercrime Is Getting Organised.” The European

Criminal Law Associations’ Forum (4): 158–65.

UK Government. 2018. National Security Capability Review. Cabinet Office. March. www.gov.uk/government/ publications/national-security-capability-review-nscr.

———. 2020. Government Response to the Intelligence and Security

Committee of Parliament Report ‘Russia.’ Cheshire, UK: APS Group. www.gov.uk/government/publications/governmentresponse-to-intelligence-and-security-committee-russia-report.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2009. “Organized Crime and its Threat to Security: Tackling a disturbing consequence of drug control.” www.unodc.org/documents/ drug-treatment/CND_09ED_final%20paper.pdf.

Vilmer, Jean-Baptiste Jeangène. 2019. The “Macron

Leaks” Operation: A Post-Mortem. Washington, DC: Atlantic Council. June. www.atlanticcouncil.org/ wp-content/uploads/2019/06/The_Macron_ Leaks_Operation-A_Post-Mortem.pdf.

Zhang, Pepe. 2019. “Belt and Road in Latin America: A regional game changer?” Atlantic Council Issue Brief. October 8. www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-researchreports/issue-brief/belt-and-road-in-latinamerica-a-regional-game-changer/.

Zimonjic, Peter. 2018. “Sarah McIver, the 3rd Canadian detained in China, not linked to previous arrests, Trudeau says.” CBC News, December 19. www.cbc.ca/news/ politics/canadian-detained-china-third-1.4951950.