张远航 Zhang Yuanhang 北京大学环境科学中心 Center of Environmental Sciences, Peking University
中国城市大气环境问题的发展历程 Air Pollution in Urban Area in China 70s
80s
90s
Coal burning
Coal burning
Coal burning Traffic
Smoke
Local
TSP SO2
SO2 TSP
Acid Rain
Local/Regional
NOx SO2 TSP
O3 Acid Rain
PM10 PM2.5
Local/Regional/ Global
Concurrent (complex, compound) Air Pollutions 大气复合污染 Fine Particles, O3 Inflow 细粒子，O3 上风向输送
Outflow 大气氧化剂
细粒子
(O3, OH)
(SO42-,NO3-)
更高浓度的细粒 子，O3 输送,影响
hv SO2, NOx等
HC、NOx
Natural 天然源
Deposition Anthropogenic 人为源
通 量
沉降
Coupling between primary emission and photochemical process Coupling between gaseous and aerosol interaction, Coupling between local and regional air pollution.
City Clusters Mega,large,middle,small cities/towns: connected through intensely economic activities Formed due to fast urbanization City-Clusters in eastern coast areas
Beijing-Tianjing Yangtze River Delta Pearl River Delta
The University of Iowa, USA
Analysis Framework Air Quality Air Air Quality Quality Goals Goals ••technical technical feasibility feasibility ••economic economic issues issues ••robustness robustness
Air Air Quality Quality Impacts Impacts ••health health and and welfare welfare ••secondary secondary impacts impacts ••population population exposure exposure Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry
Control Control Strategies Strategies
Emissions Emissions Distribution Distribution
Climate : Air Quality
Air Air Quality Quality Model Model Meteorology Meteorology
Pollutant Pollutant Distribution Distribution
Projects finished or On-going 1. Capacity Development for NOx pollution Control in Guangzhou (UNDP, 1997-2001) 2. Pearl River Delta Air Quality Study (Guangdong EPB, 2000-2002) 3. Source Apportionment of Aerosol in Guangzhou (MOST and Guangzhou EPB, 2001-2003) 4. Air Pollution Formation Mechanism and Source Analysis in Beijing (MOST, 2000-2002) 5. Air Quality and Its Sources and Sinks in Yangtze Delta(NSF, 1998-2002)